FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Zhou, YS Li, XF AF Zhou, Yushu Li, Xiaofan TI Sensitivity of convective and stratiform rainfall to sea surface temperature SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Surface rainfall; Cloud microphysical processes; Sea surface temperature (SST); Diurnal variation ID TROPICAL EQUILIBRIUM STATES; RESOLVING MODEL SIMULATIONS; TOGA COARE; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; CLOUDS; WATER; PRECIPITATION; MESOSCALE AB The sensitivity of surface rainfall and associated cloud microphysical processes to sea surface temperature (SST) and its diurnal variation is investigated with a series of two-dimensional cloud-resolving model experiments. Experiments with time-invariant SST of 27 degrees C (SST27) and 31 degrees C (SST31) and experiments with diurnal SST amplitudes of 1 degrees C (SST29D1) and 2 degrees C (SST29D2) and time-mean SST of 29 degrees C are, respectively, compared with the control experiment with time-invariant SST of 29 degrees C (SST29). The model with a cyclic lateral boundary is imposed by zero vertical velocity and a constant zonal wind and is integrated for 40 days to reach quasi-equilibrium states for all experiments. Although the time and model domain mean surface evaporation rate is smaller in SST27 than in SST29, the addition of mean local atmospheric drying rate in SST27 leads similar mean surface rain rates in the two experiments. The smaller surface evaporation associated with the colder SST causes the larger local atmospheric drying rate over clear sky regions and the smaller local atmospheric moistening rate in SST27 than in SST29. The larger surface evaporation over clear sky regions associated with the warmer SST causes the larger water vapor transport to convective regions that leads to the larger convective rain rate and thus the larger mean surface rain rate in SST 31 than in SST29. The mean local atmospheric drying and decrease of mean hydrometeor concentration in SST29D1 and increase of mean hydrometeor concentration in SST29 cause the larger mean surface rain rates in SST29D1 than in SST29. The slight increase of mean surface rain rate with increasing diurnal SST amplitude is simply caused by increase of mean surface evaporation rate. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhou, Yushu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofan] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MA USA. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MA USA. RP Zhou, YS (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM zys@mail.iap.ac.cn RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2YW-206A, 2005-2-16]; Natural Science Foundation of China [40505009, 40620120437]; The Ministry of Sciences and Technology of the people's Republic of China [GYHY200706020] FX The authors thank Dr. W.-K. Tao at NASA/GSFC for his twodimensional cloud resolving model, and Dr. G. Deng at National Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration for his comments. This paper is supported by the Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No. KZCX2YW-206A, the Projects of the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant Nos. 40505009 and 40620120437, project of The Ministry of Sciences and Technology of the people's Republic of China under Grant No. GYHY200706020, and the 'Outstanding Overseas Chinese Scholars' project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under grant No. 2005-2-16. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD APR PY 2009 VL 92 IS 2 BP 212 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.10.001 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 423QK UT WOS:000264510600006 ER PT J AU Liu, QH Weng, FZ AF Liu, Quanhua Weng, Fuzhong TI Radiative cooling effect of Hurricane Florence in 2006 and precipitation of Typhoon Matsa in 2005 SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE radiative; colling; tropical cyclones; precipitation AB The increasing strength of tropical cyclones may be a response of the Earth's interaction between natural variability and human activities. Negative effects of the severe storms, such as flooding, landslides, damage to properties, and even a number of human casualties, have been reported many times. This study reported other aspects on Hurricanes and Typhoons, which may be beneficial to the world. We found that Hurricane Florence in 2006 decreased radiation energy by -0.5 x 10(20) J to the Earth-atmospheric system, about 10% of the annual global energy consumption. If the amount of energy uniformly distributes over the whole Earth surface and over 1-year time, it corresponds to a power of -0.003 W m(-2) The total forcing power on climate change is 0.24 W m(-2), if we only take account for the stored fluxes in water, atmosphere, continents, and heat required to melt glaciers and sea ice. Thus, the shielding effect of solar radiation by tropical storms could contribute to ease global warming. In addition, hurricane and typhoon can ease drought sometimes. This study found that the total rainwater carried by Typhoon Matsa in August 2005 into China's inland amounts to about 135 billion tons. The rainfall over the northern China eased severe drought in summer 2005. Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Liu, Quanhua; Weng, Fuzhong] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Liu, Quanhua] Renewable Energy Sci & Technol, Bowie, MD USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Liu, QH (reprint author), Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 7042, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Quanhua.Liu@noaa.gov RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU US government FX Authors thank Dr. Jerry Sullivan and Dr. Dan Tarpley very much for their valuable suggestions and corrections. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the US government. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1530-261X J9 ATMOS SCI LETT JI Atmos. Sci. Lett. PD APR PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 BP 122 EP 126 DI 10.1002/asl.219 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 460QK UT WOS:000267202000009 ER PT J AU Junker, NW Brennan, MJ Pereira, F Bodner, MJ Grumm, RH AF Junker, Norman W. Brennan, Michael J. Pereira, Frank Bodner, Michael J. Grumm, Richard H. TI Assessing the Potential for Rare Precipitation Events with Standardized Anomalies and Ensemble Guidance at the Hydrometeorological Prediction Center SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COAST C1 [Junker, Norman W.] NOAA NWS NCEP Hydrometeorol Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Junker, Norman W.] IM Syst Grp, Kensington, MD USA. [Brennan, Michael J.; Pereira, Frank; Bodner, Michael J.] NOAA NWS NCEP Hydrometeorol Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Grumm, Richard H.] NOAA Natl Weather Serv, State Coll, PA USA. RP Bodner, MJ (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP, Natl Hurricane Ctr, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA. EM Michael.J.Brennan@noaa.gov NR 13 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2009 VL 90 IS 4 BP 445 EP 453 DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2636.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 445FI UT WOS:000266035100003 ER PT J AU Kirtman, B Pirani, A AF Kirtman, Ben Pirani, Anna TI The State of the Art of Seasonal Prediction Outcomes and Recommendations from the First World Climate Research Program Workshop on Seasonal Prediction SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Pirani, Anna] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program AOS, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Pirani, Anna] Int CLIVAR Project Off, Southampton, Hants, England. [Kirtman, Ben] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Pirani, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, CLIVAR, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM apirani@Princeton.edu NR 0 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2009 VL 90 IS 4 BP 455 EP 458 DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2707.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 445FI UT WOS:000266035100004 ER PT J AU McPhaden, MJ Meyers, G Ando, K Masumoto, Y Murty, VSN Ravichandran, M Syamsudin, F Vialard, J Yu, L Yu, W AF McPhaden, M. J. Meyers, G. Ando, K. Masumoto, Y. Murty, V. S. N. Ravichandran, M. Syamsudin, F. Vialard, J. Yu, L. Yu, W. TI RAMA The Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; SEA HEAT FLUXES; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; EQUATORIAL CURRENTS; SUMMER MONSOON; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ARABIAN SEA; EL-NINO; RAINFALL VARIABILITY AB The Indian Ocean is unique among the three tropical ocean basins in that it is blocked at 25 degrees N by the Asian landmass. Seasonal heating and cooling of the land sets the stage for dramatic monsoon wind reversals, strong ocean atmosphere interactions, and intense seasonal rains over the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, East Africa, and Australia. Recurrence of these monsoon rains is critical to agricultural production that supports a third of the world's population. The Indian Ocean also remotely influences the evolution of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), North American weather, and hurricane activity. Despite its importance in the regional and global climate system though, the Indian Ocean is the most poorly observed and least well understood of the three tropical oceans. This article describes the Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction (RAMA), a new observational network designed to address outstanding scientific questions related to Indian Ocean variability and the monsoons. RAMA is a multinationally supported element of the Indian Ocean Observing System (IndOOS), a combination of complementary satellite and in situ measurement platforms for climate research and forecasting. The article discusses the scientific rationale, design criteria, and implementation of the array. Initial RAMA data are presented to illustrate how they contribute to improved documentation and understanding of phenomena in the region. Applications of the data for societal benefit are also described. C1 [McPhaden, M. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Meyers, G.] Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Ando, K.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Masumoto, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [Murty, V. S. N.] Natl Inst Oceanog, Reg Ctr, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Ravichandran, M.] Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Syamsudin, F.] Agcy Assessment & Applicat Technol BPPT, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Vialard, J.] IRD, Lab Oceanog & Climat Experimentat & Approches Num, Paris, France. [Yu, L.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Yu, W.] First Inst Oceanog, Qingdao, Peoples R China. RP McPhaden, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Michael.J.Mcphaden@noaa.gov RI Vialard, Jerome/C-2809-2008; 安藤, 健太郎/F-6685-2014; MASUMOTO, YUKIO/G-5021-2014; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016; OI Vialard, Jerome/0000-0001-6876-3766; Ravichandran, Muthalagu/0000-0002-4602-0731 FU Global Environment Facility FX The authors would like to thank an anonymous reviewer, H. Annamalai, and BAMS subject matter editor Brian Mapes for helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We also acknowledge the International CLIVAR Project Office and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Perth regional office for supporting the Indian Ocean Panel. Many institutions and organizations have contributed to the implementation of RAMA and deserve mention: in India, the Ministry of Earth Sciences, the Indian National Center for Ocean Information Services, and the National Institute of Oceanography; in Japan, the Japan Agency for Marine - Earth Science and Technology, and the Ministry of Education, Sports, Culture, Science and Technology; in China, the State Oceanic Administration, First Institute of Oceanography, and the Ministry of Science and Technology; in Indonesia, the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology and the Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research; in France, the Institut Fran ais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, the Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, and the Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers; in South Africa, the University of Capetown; in the United States, the NOAA Climate Program Office and the Office of Climate Observation; and the Agulhas and Somali Current Large Marine Ecosystems Project implemented by the United Nations Development Programme through funding from the Global Environment Facility. This manuscript was initiated while the first author was a guest at the University of Tasmania's Integrated Marine Observing System Office in Hobart, Australia. We dedicate this paper to the memory of our friend and colleague Fritz Schott, who inspired us through his scientific leadership, wise counsel, and deep understanding of the ocean. NR 114 TC 202 Z9 207 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2009 VL 90 IS 4 BP 459 EP + DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2608.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 445FI UT WOS:000266035100005 ER PT J AU Doherty, SJ Bojinski, S Henderson-Sellers, A Noone, K Goodrich, D Bindoff, NL Church, JA Hibbard, KA Karl, TR Kajefez-Bogataj, L Lynch, AH Parker, DE Prentice, IC Ramaswamy, V Saunders, RW Smith, MS Steffen, K Stocker, TF Thorne, PW Trenberth, KE Verstraete, MM Zwiers, FW AF Doherty, Sarah J. Bojinski, Stephan Henderson-Sellers, Ann Noone, Kevin Goodrich, David Bindoff, Nathaniel L. Church, John A. Hibbard, Kathy A. Karl, Thomas R. Kajefez-Bogataj, Lucka Lynch, Amanda H. Parker, David E. Prentice, I. Colin Ramaswamy, Venkatachalam Saunders, Roger W. Smith, Mark Stafford Steffen, Konrad Stocker, Thomas F. Thorne, Peter W. Trenberth, Kevin E. Verstraete, Michel M. Zwiers, Francis W. TI LESSONS LEARNED FROM IPCC AR4 Scientific Developments Needed To Understand, Predict, And Respond To Climate Change SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE RETRIEVAL; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SEA-LEVEL RISE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ICE SHEETS; PART 1; MODEL; CO2; ENERGY; AIR AB The Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that global warming is "unequivocal" and that most of the observed increase since the mid-twentieth century is very likely due to the increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations, with discernible human influences on ocean warming, continental-average temperatures, temperature extremes, wind patterns, and other physical and biological indicators, impacting both socioeconomic and ecological systems. It is now clear that we are committed to some level of global climate change, and it is imperative that this be considered when planning future climate research and observational strategies. The Global Climate Observing System program (GCOS), the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), and the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) therefore initiated a process to summarize the lessons learned through AR4 Working Groups I and II and to identify a set of high-priority modeling and observational needs. Two classes of recommendations emerged. First is the need to improve climate models, observational and climate monitoring systems, and our understanding of key processes. Second, the framework for climate research and observations must be extended to document impacts and to guide adaptation and mitigation efforts. Research and observational strategies specifically aimed at improving our ability to predict and understand impacts, adaptive capacity, and societal and ecosystem vulnerabilities will serve both purposes and are the subject of the specific recommendations made in this paper. C1 [Doherty, Sarah J.] NOAA PMEL, IGAC Core Project Off, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bojinski, Stephan; Goodrich, David] WMO, Geneva, Switzerland. [Henderson-Sellers, Ann] Macquarie Univ, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Noone, Kevin] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Int Geosphere Biosphere Programme, Stockholm, Sweden. [Bindoff, Nathaniel L.] Univ Tasmania, ACE CRC, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Bindoff, Nathaniel L.] Univ Tasmania, CSIRO Marine Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Church, John A.] Cooperat Res Ctr, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res & Antarctic, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Hibbard, Kathy A.] NCAR, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Karl, Thomas R.] NOAA NCDC, Asheville, NC USA. [Kajefez-Bogataj, Lucka] Univ Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Lynch, Amanda H.] Monash Univ, Climate Program, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Parker, David E.; Thorne, Peter W.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Prentice, I. Colin] Univ Bristol, QUEST, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. [Ramaswamy, Venkatachalam] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Saunders, Roger W.] Met Off Satellite Applicat, Exeter, Devon, England. [Smith, Mark Stafford] CRC, CSIRO Climate Adaptat Flagship, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosyst & Desert Knowledge, CRC, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Steffen, Konrad] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stocker, Thomas F.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Bern, Switzerland. [Trenberth, Kevin E.] NCAR, Climate Anal sect, Boulder, CO USA. [Verstraete, Michel M.] DG Joint Res Ctr European Commiss, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Ispra, Italy. [Zwiers, Francis W.] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Downsview, ON, Canada. RP Doherty, SJ (reprint author), NOAA PMEL, IGAC Core Project Off, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM igac.seattle@noaa.gov RI Stafford Smith, Mark/G-1680-2010; Henderson-Sellers, Ann/H-5323-2011; Trenberth, Kevin/A-5683-2012; Church, John/A-1541-2012; Stocker, Thomas/B-1273-2013; Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014; Steffen, Konrad/C-6027-2013; Doherty, Sarah/D-5592-2015; Bindoff, Nathaniel/C-8050-2011; Lynch, Amanda/B-4278-2011 OI Verstraete, Michel/0000-0003-0968-8721; Stafford Smith, Mark/0000-0002-1333-3651; Trenberth, Kevin/0000-0002-1445-1000; Church, John/0000-0002-7037-8194; Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798; Steffen, Konrad/0000-0001-8658-1026; Doherty, Sarah/0000-0002-7796-6968; Bindoff, Nathaniel/0000-0001-5662-9519; Lynch, Amanda/0000-0003-2990-1016 NR 97 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2009 VL 90 IS 4 BP 497 EP 513 DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2643.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 445FI UT WOS:000266035100009 ER PT J AU Tao, WK Chern, JD Atlas, R Randall, D Khairoutdinov, M Li, JL Waliser, DE Hou, A Lin, X Peters-Lidard, C Lau, W Jiang, J Simpson, J AF Tao, Wei-Kuo Chern, Jiun-Dar Atlas, Robert Randall, David Khairoutdinov, Marat Li, Jui-Lin Waliser, Duane E. Hou, Arthur Lin, Xin Peters-Lidard, Christa Lau, William Jiang, Jonathan Simpson, Joanne TI A MULTISCALE MODELING SYSTEM Developments, Applications, and Critical Issues SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CLOUD-RESOLVING MODEL; CONVECTION PARAMETERIZATION CRCP; COMMUNITY CLIMATE MODEL; MEASURING MISSION TRMM; DIURNAL CYCLE; SINGLE-COLUMN; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MESOSCALE PROCESSES; MOMENTUM TRANSPORT; HYDROLOGIC-CYCLE AB A multiscale modeling framework (MMF), which replaces the conventional cloud parameterizations with a cloud-resolving model (CRM) in each grid column of a GCM, constitutes a new and promising approach for climate modeling. The MMF can provide for global coverage and two-way interactions between the CRMs and their parent GCM. The CRM allows for explicit simulation of cloud processes and their interactions with radiation and surface processes, and the GCM allows for global coverage. A new MMF has been developed that is based on the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) finite-volume GCM (fvGCM) and the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) model. This Goddard MMF produces many features that are similar to another MMF that was developed at Colorado State University (CSU), such as an improved surface precipitation pattern, better cloudiness, improved diurnal variability over both oceans and continents, and a stronger propagating Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) compared to their parent GCMs using traditional cloud parameterizations. Both MMFs also produce a large and positive precipitation bias in the Indian Ocean and western Pacific during the Northern Hemisphere summer. However, there are also notable differences between the two MMFs. For example, the CSU MMF simulates less rainfall over land than its parent GCM. This is why the CSU MMF simulated less overall global rainfall than its parent GCM. The Goddard MMF simulates more global rainfall than its parent GCM because of the high contribution from the oceanic component. A number of critical issues (i.e., the CRM's physical processes and its configuration) involving the Goddard MMF are discussed in this paper. C1 [Tao, Wei-Kuo; Chern, Jiun-Dar; Lau, William; Simpson, Joanne] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Chern, Jiun-Dar; Lin, Xin] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Atlas, Robert] NOAA Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. [Khairoutdinov, Marat] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Li, Jui-Lin; Waliser, Duane E.; Jiang, Jonathan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Hou, Arthur; Lin, Xin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Peters-Lidard, Christa] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Tao, WK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Wei-Kuo.Tao-I@nasa.gov RI Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011; Randall, David/E-6113-2011; Hou, Arthur/D-8578-2012; Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012; Lau, William /E-1510-2012 OI Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560; Randall, David/0000-0001-6935-4112; Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876; Lau, William /0000-0002-3587-3691 NR 84 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2009 VL 90 IS 4 BP 515 EP + DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2542.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 445FI UT WOS:000266035100010 ER PT J AU McPhaden, MJ Meyers, G Ando, K Masumoto, Y Murty, VSN Ravichandran, M Syamsudin, F Vialard, J Yu, L Yu, W AF McPhaden, M. J. Meyers, G. Ando, K. Masumoto, Y. Murty, V. S. N. Ravichandran, M. Syamsudin, F. Vialard, J. Yu, L. Yu, W. TI SUPPLEMENT RAMA The Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [McPhaden, M. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP McPhaden, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Michael.J.Mcphaden@noaa.gov RI 安藤, 健太郎/F-6685-2014; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2009 VL 90 IS 4 BP ES5 EP ES8 DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2608.2 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 445FI UT WOS:000266035100006 ER PT J AU Lucero, Y AF Lucero, Yasmin TI A multivariate stock-recruitment function for cohorts with sympatric subclasses: application to maternal effects in rockfish (genus Sebastes) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-DEPENDENT MORTALITY; LARVAL GROWTH; MARINE FISH; REEF FISHES; PREDATION; MANAGEMENT; SURVIVAL; AGE; MELANOPS AB I present a multivariate stock-recruitment function (MSRF) for calculating recruitment when a cohort comprises sympatric subclasses. Sympatric subclasses emerge when there are closely interacting subgroups occupying a very similar niche, but whose ecology dictates distinct mortality rates. Examples include multispecies complexes of juvenile rockfish (Sebastes spp.) in the California current and juvenile salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in streams following different life history strategies. I derive an MSRF and apply it to the ecology of larval and juvenile rockfish with maternal effects. In several species of rockfish, older mothers produce superior larvae. This is called a maternal effect. For these species, larval and juvenile cohorts comprise several sympatric subclasses, each with a distinct mortality rate related to the age of their mothers. I apply this model to data for black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) in California and Oregon and find the recruitment estimates based on data from a declining population may overestimate productivity of a recovering population if maternal effects are neglected. The MSRF proves to be a flexible framework for studying recruitment in the presence of sympatric subclasses. C1 [Lucero, Yasmin] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Lucero, Y (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM yasmin.lucero@noaa.gov FU NMFS - Sea Grant Population Dynamics Fellowship; Center for Stock Assessment Research FX I am grateful to Marc Mangel and Alec MacCall for careful reading of several drafts of this manuscript. Thanks are extended to Ian Stewart and Eli Holmes for helpful comments and to John Field for providing the stock assessment numbers-at-age. This work was partially supported by the NMFS - Sea Grant Population Dynamics Fellowship and the Center for Stock Assessment Research, a partnership between UC Santa Cruz and the NMFS-SWFSC Santa Cruz Lab. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2009 VL 66 IS 4 BP 557 EP 564 DI 10.1139/F09-012 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 468IR UT WOS:000267811300005 ER PT J AU Middleton, EM Cheng, YB Hilker, T Black, TA Krishnan, P Coops, NC Huemmrich, KF AF Middleton, Elizabeth M. Cheng, Yen-Ben Hilker, Thomas Black, T. Andrew Krishnan, Praveena Coops, Nicholas C. Huemmrich, Karl Fred TI Linking foliage spectral responses to canopy-level ecosystem photosynthetic light-use efficiency at a Douglas-fir forest in Canada SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Review ID PHOTOCHEMICAL REFLECTANCE INDEX; RADIATION-USE-EFFICIENCY; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; BOREAL ASPEN FOREST; THERMAL-ENERGY DISSIPATION; EDDY COVARIANCE TECHNIQUE; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; LEAF-AREA INDEX; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE AB The light-use efficiency (LUE) of a mature Canadian Douglas-fir forest (DF49) was studied using high-resolution in situ temporal, spatial, and spectral measurements in conjunction with fluxes acquired from an instrumented tower. We examined the photochemical reflectance index (PRI), a spectral index responsive to high light conditions that alters reflectance at 531 nm, in combination with several alternative reference bands at 551, 570, and 488 nm. These indices were derived from directional reflectance spectra acquired by a hyperspectral radiometer system mounted on the DF49 tower, viewing the canopy through almost 360 rotations multiple times an hour daily throughout the 2006 growing season. From canopy structure information, three foliage sectors within the canopy were delineated according to instantaneous illumination conditions (sunlit, shaded, and mixed shaded-sunlit). On sunny days, the PRI indices for the sunlit foliage sector captured high light-induced stress responses, expressed as significantly different PRI values for sunlit versus shaded foliage. This difference was not observed on highly diffuse or overcast days. PRIs on sunny days tracked the diurnal photoregulation responses throughout the growing season in concert with illumination intensity. We computed the effective instantaneous LUE for the three foliage groups (LUEfoliage) using modeled and measured information. We provide convincing evidence that LUEfoliage can be well described and strongly related to all variations of the PRI within this coniferous forest under relatively clear skies (0.59 > r(2) > 0.80, P < 0.0001). LUEfoliage varied through the growing season between 0.015 and 0.075 mu mol C mu mol(-1) absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR), and the lowest daily values were associated with the sunlit foliage group. The mixed sunlit-shaded foliage was the only group to exhibit monthly averages close to the maximum ecosystem LUE parameter (epsilon(max)) used in LUE models for evergreen needle forests (0.0196 mu mol C mu mol(-1) APAR). Implications for remote sensing of carbon uptake dynamics and the interaction of canopy structure and physiology are discussed. C1 [Middleton, Elizabeth M.; Cheng, Yen-Ben] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hilker, Thomas; Coops, Nicholas C.] Univ British Columbia, Fac Forest Resources Management, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Black, T. Andrew; Krishnan, Praveena] Univ British Columbia, Fac Land & Food Syst, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Krishnan, Praveena] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Huemmrich, Karl Fred] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. RP Middleton, EM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Elizabeth.M.Middleton@nasa.gov RI Krishnan, Praveena/F-8169-2010; Cheng, Yen-Ben/G-1311-2012; Coops, Nicholas/J-1543-2012 OI Coops, Nicholas/0000-0002-0151-9037 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) FX This research was supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES) funding through the Carbon Cycle Science Program (Diane Wickland, Manager). Yen-Ben Cheng was supported through the NASA Postdoctoral Program, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities. Thomas Hilker was partially funded by a postgraduate scholarship of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant to Nicholas Coops, and funds provided to the University of British Columbia (UBC) from the Comprehensive Community Plan (CCP), NSERC, and BIOCAP. We acknowledge the following people for their assistance in technical design, installation, and maintenance of the radiometer platform: Zoran Nesic, Dominic Lessard, Rick Ketler, and Andrew Sauter from UBC Faculty of Land and Food Systems (LFS). NR 116 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 22 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI KANATA PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA SN 1712-7971 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2009 VL 35 IS 2 BP 166 EP 188 PG 23 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 455BC UT WOS:000266729300007 ER PT J AU Gilsinn, DE AF Gilsinn, David E. TI On algorithms for estimating computable error bounds for approximate periodic solutions of an autonomous delay differential equation SO COMMUNICATIONS IN NONLINEAR SCIENCE AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE Delay differential equations; Error bounds; Periodic solutions; Van der Pol equation ID NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; STABILITY; CHATTER; OSCILLATIONS AB Machine tool chatter has been characterized as isolated periodic solutions or limit cycles of delay differential equations. Determining the amplitude and frequency of the limit cycle is sometimes crucial to understanding and controlling the stability of machining operations. In Gilsinn [Gilsinn DE. Computable error bounds for approximate periodic solutions of autonomous delay differential equations, Nonlinear Dyn 2007;50:73-92] a result was proven that says that, given an approximate periodic solution and frequency of an autonomous delay differential equation that satisfies a certain non-criticality condition, there is an exact periodic solution and frequency in a computable neighborhood of the approximate solution and frequency. The proof required the estimation of a number of parameters and the verification of three inequalities. In this paper the details of the algorithms will be given for estimating the parameters required to verify the inequalities and to compute the final approximation errors. An application will be given to a Van der Poll oscillator with delay in the non-linear terms. (c) Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIST, Dept Math & Computat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gilsinn, DE (reprint author), NIST, Dept Math & Computat Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8910, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dgilsinn@nist.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1007-5704 EI 1878-7274 J9 COMMUN NONLINEAR SCI JI Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. PD APR PY 2009 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1526 EP 1550 DI 10.1016/j.cnsns.2008.02.006 PG 25 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 420NF UT WOS:000264295800058 ER PT J AU Doney, SC Tilbrook, B Roy, S Metzl, N Le Quere, C Hood, M Feely, RA Bakker, D AF Doney, Scott C. Tilbrook, Bronte Roy, Sylvie Metzl, Nicolas Le Quere, Corinne Hood, Maria Feely, Richard A. Bakker, Dorothee TI Surface-ocean CO2 variability and vulnerability SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Carbon cycle; Air-sea CO2 exchange; Ocean biogeochemistry; Climate change; Climate variability ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; CARBON-CYCLE; SINK; 21ST-CENTURY; IMPACT AB Improved sampling technologies, international observing networks, and data synthesis efforts are providing an unprecedented view of the global patterns and decadal variability of surface-ocean partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO(2)) and air-sea CO2 flux. A new observational synthesis for surface-ocean pCO(2) leads to a global ocean net CO2 sink of -1.8 Pg C yr(-1) (+/-0.7); continental margins and estuaries together act as a small net source (similar to 0.15 Pg C yr(-1)). New results on decadal trends indicate recent decreases in efficiency of the ocean to absorb CO2 in the Southern Ocean, North Atlantic, and Equatorial Pacific. Although we do not yet have an estimate of the trend in the global oceanic sink Of CO2, the existing observations may help explain temporal variations in the fraction of anthropogenic CO2 emissions that remain in the atmosphere (airborne fraction). Major vulnerabilities in the future behavior of the ocean-carbon-climate system include the effects of ocean warming, enhanced vertical stratification, strengthening and poleward contraction of westerly winds in the Southern Ocean, and shifts in the biological pump and ecosystem functioning. To address issues of both ocean-carbon variability and vulnerability, a sustained surface-ocean-carbon-observing system needs to be established with improved global spatial coverage and internationally coordinated data synthesis activities. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Doney, Scott C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Tilbrook, Bronte] Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Tilbrook, Bronte] CSIRO, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Tilbrook, Bronte] Australian Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Roy, Sylvie] Inst Univ Europeene Mer, IMBER, Brest, France. [Metzl, Nicolas] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LOCEAN IPSL, Paris, France. [Le Quere, Corinne; Bakker, Dorothee] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Le Quere, Corinne] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Hood, Maria] UNESCO, IOC, Paris, France. [Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Doney, SC (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem Dept, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM sdoney@whoi.edu; bronte.tilbrook@csiro.au; Sylvie.Roy@univ-brest.fr; Nicolas.Metzl@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr; C.Lequere@uea.ac.uk; m.hood@unesco.org; Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov; D.Bakker@uea.ac.uk RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Bakker, Dorothee/E-4951-2015; Tilbrook, Bronte/A-1522-2012; Le Quere, Corinne/C-2631-2017 OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Bakker, Dorothee/0000-0001-9234-5337; Tilbrook, Bronte/0000-0001-9385-3827; Le Quere, Corinne/0000-0003-2319-0452 NR 45 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 8 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD APR PY 2009 VL 56 IS 8-10 BP 504 EP 511 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.016 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 465LU UT WOS:000267587200002 ER PT J AU Pierrot, D Neill, C Sullivan, K Castle, R Wanninkhof, R Luger, H Johannessen, T Olsen, A Feely, RA Cosca, CE AF Pierrot, Denis Neill, Craig Sullivan, Kevin Castle, Robert Wanninkhof, Rik Luger, Heike Johannessen, Truls Olsen, Are Feely, Richard A. Cosca, Catherine E. TI Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO(2) measuring systems and data-reduction routines SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE pCO(2); Underway system; Data reduction; Autonomous; Fugacity; Carbon dioxide ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; CO2 FUGACITY; WATER; TEMPERATURE; SEAWATER; OCEAN AB In order to facilitate the collection of high quality and uniform surface water pCO(2) data, an underway pCO(2) instrument has been designed based on community input and is now commercially available. Along with instrumentation, agreements were reached on data reduction and quality control that can be easily applied to data from these systems by using custom-made freeware. This new automated underway pCO(2) measuring system is designed to be accurate to within 0.1 mu atm for atmospheric pCO(2) measurements and to within 2 mu atm for seawater pCO(2), targeted by the scientific community to constrain the regional air-sea CO2 fluxes to 0.2 Pg C year(-1). The procedure to properly reduce the underway pCO(2) data and perform the steps necessary for calculation of the fugacity Of CO2 from the measurements is described. This system is now widely used by the scientific community on many different types of ships. Combined with the recommended data-reduction procedures, it will facilitate producing data sets that will significantly decrease the uncertainty currently present in estimates of air-sea CO2 fluxes. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pierrot, Denis; Sullivan, Kevin; Luger, Heike] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Neill, Craig; Johannessen, Truls; Olsen, Are] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Neill, Craig; Johannessen, Truls; Olsen, Are] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. [Castle, Robert; Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Olsen, Are] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Chem, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Feely, Richard A.; Cosca, Catherine E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Pierrot, D (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM denis.pierrot@noaa.gov RI Olsen, Are/A-1511-2011; Pierrot, Denis/A-7459-2014 OI Olsen, Are/0000-0003-1696-9142; Pierrot, Denis/0000-0002-0374-3825 NR 17 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD APR PY 2009 VL 56 IS 8-10 BP 512 EP 522 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 465LU UT WOS:000267587200003 ER PT J AU Takahashi, T Sutherland, SC Wanninkhof, R Sweeney, C Feely, RA Chipman, DW Hales, B Friederich, G Chavez, F Sabine, C Watson, A Bakker, DCE Schuster, U Metzl, N Yoshikawa-Inoue, H Ishii, M Midorikawa, T Nojiri, Y Kortzinger, A Steinhoff, T Hoppema, M Olafsson, J Arnarson, TS Tilbrook, B Johannessen, T Olsen, A Bellerby, R Wong, CS Delille, B Bates, NR de Baar, HJW AF Takahashi, Taro Sutherland, Stewart C. Wanninkhof, Rik Sweeney, Colm Feely, Richard A. Chipman, David W. Hales, Burke Friederich, Gernot Chavez, Francisco Sabine, Christopher Watson, Andrew Bakker, Dorothee C. E. Schuster, Ute Metzl, Nicolas Yoshikawa-Inoue, Hisayuki Ishii, Masao Midorikawa, Takashi Nojiri, Yukihiro Koertzinger, Arne Steinhoff, Tobias Hoppema, Mario Olafsson, Jon Arnarson, Thorarinn S. Tilbrook, Bronte Johannessen, Truls Olsen, Are Bellerby, Richard Wong, C. S. Delille, Bruno Bates, N. R. de Baar, Hein J. W. TI Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO(2), and net sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Partial pressure; Surface ocean; Global ocean; Sea-air flux ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; NORTH-ATLANTIC; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; GAS-EXCHANGE; WEDDELL SEA; WIND-SPEED AB A climatological mean distribution for the surface water pCO(2) over the global oceans in non-El Nino conditions has been constructed with spatial resolution of 4 degrees (latitude) x 5 degrees (longitude) for a reference year 2000 based upon about 3 million measurements of surface water pCO(2) obtained from 1970 to 2007. The database used for this study is about 3 times larger than the 0.94 million used for our earlier paper [Takahashi et al., 2002. Global sea-air CO2 flux based on climatological surface ocean pCO(2), and seasonal biological and temperature effects. Deep-Sea Res. 11, 49, 1601-1622]. A time-trend analysis using deseasonalized surface water pCO(2) data in portions of the North Atlantic, North and South Pacific and Southern Oceans (which cover about 27% of the global ocean areas) indicates that the surface water pCO(2) over these oceanic areas has increased on average at a mean rate of 1.5 mu atm y(-1) with basin-specific rates varying between 1.2 +/- 0.5 and 2.1 +/- 0.4 mu atm y(-1). A global ocean database for a single reference year 2000 is assembled using this mean rate for correcting observations made in different years to the reference year. The observations made during El Nino periods in the equatorial Pacific and those made in coastal zones are excluded from the database. Seasonal changes in the surface water pCO(2) and the sea-air pCO(2) difference over four climatic zones in the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian and Southern Oceans are presented. Over the Southern Ocean seasonal ice zone, the seasonality is complex. Although it cannot be thoroughly documented due to the limited extent of observations, seasonal changes in pCO(2) are approximated by using the data for under-ice waters during austral winter and those for the marginal ice and ice-free zones. The net air-sea CO2 flux is estimated using the sea-air pCO(2) difference and the air-sea gas transfer rate that is parameterized as a function of (wind speed)2 with a scaling factor of 0.26. This is estimated by inverting the bomb C-14 data using Ocean General Circulation models and the 1979-2005 NCEP-DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis (R-2) wind speed data. The equatorial Pacific (14 degrees N-14 degrees S) is the major source for atmospheric CO2, emitting about +0.48 Pg-C y(-1), and the temperate oceans between 14 degrees and 50 degrees in the both hemispheres are the major sink zones with an uptake flux of -0.70 Pg-C y(-1) for the northern and -1.05 Pg-C y(-1) for the southern zone. The high-latitude North Atlantic, including the Nordic Seas and portion of the Arctic Sea, is the most intense CO2 sink area on the basis of per unit area, with a mean of -2.5 tons-C month(-1) km(-2). This is due to the combination of the low pCO(2) in seawater and high gas exchange rates. In the ice-free zone of the Southern Ocean (50 degrees-62 degrees S), the mean annual flux is small (-0.06 Pg-C y(-1)) because of a cancellation of the summer uptake v flux with the winter release Of CO2 caused by deepwater upwelling. The annual mean for the contemporary net v uptake flux over the global oceans is estimated to be -1.6+/-0.9 Pg-C y(-1), which includes an undersampling correction to the direct estimate of -1.4+/-0.7 Pg-C y(-1). Taking the pre-industrial steady-state ocean source of 0.4+/-0.2 Pg-C y(-1) into account, the total ocean uptake flux including the anthropogenic CO2 is estimated to be -2.0+/- 1.0 Pg-C y(-1) in 2000. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Takahashi, Taro; Sutherland, Stewart C.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Sweeney, Colm] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Feely, Richard A.; Sabine, Christopher] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hales, Burke] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Friederich, Gernot; Chavez, Francisco] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Watson, Andrew; Bakker, Dorothee C. E.; Schuster, Ute] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Metzl, Nicolas] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Lab Oceanog & Climat, LOCEAN IPSL, Paris, France. [Yoshikawa-Inoue, Hisayuki] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. [Ishii, Masao; Midorikawa, Takashi] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Nojiri, Yukihiro] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Koertzinger, Arne; Steinhoff, Tobias] Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Hoppema, Mario] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-2850 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Olafsson, Jon; Arnarson, Thorarinn S.] Marine Res Inst, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Olafsson, Jon; Arnarson, Thorarinn S.] Univ Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Tilbrook, Bronte] CSIRO Natl Res Flagship, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Tilbrook, Bronte] Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Johannessen, Truls; Olsen, Are; Bellerby, Richard] Univ Bergen, Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Wong, C. S.] Inst Ocean Sci Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada. [Delille, Bruno] Univ Liege, Liege, Belgium. [de Baar, Hein J. W.] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Den Burg, Netherlands. RP Takahashi, T (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, 61 Route 9W,POB 1000, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM taka@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Olsen, Are/A-1511-2011; Bellerby, Richard/B-5277-2012; Hoppema, Mario/I-6286-2013; Yoshikawa, Hisayuki/A-4056-2012; Kortzinger, Arne/A-4141-2014; Delille, Bruno/C-3486-2008; Bakker, Dorothee/E-4951-2015; Tilbrook, Bronte/A-1522-2012; Nojiri, Yukihiro/D-1999-2010; OI Olsen, Are/0000-0003-1696-9142; Yoshikawa, Hisayuki/0000-0002-9936-2188; Kortzinger, Arne/0000-0002-8181-3593; Delille, Bruno/0000-0003-0502-8101; Bakker, Dorothee/0000-0001-9234-5337; Tilbrook, Bronte/0000-0001-9385-3827; Nojiri, Yukihiro/0000-0001-9885-9195; Hoppema, Mario/0000-0002-2326-619X NR 98 TC 607 Z9 636 U1 23 U2 144 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD APR PY 2009 VL 56 IS 8-10 BP 554 EP 577 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 465LU UT WOS:000267587200007 ER PT J AU Ishii, M Inoue, HY Midorikawa, T Saito, S Tokieda, T Sasano, D Nakadate, A Nemoto, K Metzl, N Wong, CS Feely, RA AF Ishii, Masao Inoue, Hisayuki Y. Midorikawa, Takashi Saito, Shu Tokieda, Takayuki Sasano, Daisuke Nakadate, Akira Nemoto, Kazuhiro Metzl, Nicolas Wong, C. S. Feely, Richard A. TI Spatial variability and decadal trend of the oceanic CO2 in the western equatorial Pacific warm/fresh water SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Partial pressure; Dissolved inorganic carbon; Equatorial Pacific; Decadal trend ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; METEOROLOGICAL RESEARCH-INSTITUTE; DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; NORTH-ATLANTIC-OCEAN; EL-NINO EVENT; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; SURFACE WATERS; WARM POOL; SINK AB Data of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in surface seawater (pCO(2)SW) collected in the western equatorial Pacific (144 degrees E-160 degrees W, 5 degrees S-5 degrees N) since the 1980s have been used to determine the spatial variability and decadal trends in pCO(2)sw. A total of 104 cruises since 1983, including 30 cruises since 1990 with total dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2) Measurements, are synthesized for this zone. The western equatorial Pacific warm/fresh surface water where T >= 29.0 degrees C and S <= 34.8 is nitrate-depleted, and it is moderately supersaturated with CO2 (0 < Delta pCO(2) ( = pCO(2)SW-pCO(2)air)/mu atm <40). A slight CO2 under-saturation (-20 0.1). The Ca release was (1.22 +/- 0.16) mmol/L at pH of 4, higher than (0.54 +/- 0.09) at pH of 6, and (0.22 +/- 0.06) at pH of 7.4 (p < 0.05). PO(4) release was also dramatically increased at acidic pH. After immersion, the TTCP-whisker composite matched the strength of TPH at all three pH (p > 0.1); both TTCP-whisker composite and TPH had strengths about threefold that of a releasing control. Significance. The new TTCP-whisker composite was "smart" and increased the Ca and PO(4) release dramatically when the pH was reduced from neutral to a cariogenic pH of 4, when these ions are most needed to inhibit caries. Its strength was two- to threefold higher than previously known Ca-PO(4) composites and resin-modified glass ionomer. This composite may have the potential to provide the necessary combination of load-bearing and caries-inhibiting capabilities. (C) 2008 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Hockin H. K.; Weir, Michael D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Sch Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Sun, Limin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Sch Dent, 650 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM hxu@umaryland.edu RI Weir, Michael/M-7729-2013 OI Weir, Michael/0000-0002-7961-3787 FU NIH [R01 DE14190, DE17974]; Maryland Nano-Biotechnology Initiative Award; University of Maryland Dental School; NIST; ADAF FX We thank Dr. Laurence C. Chow, Dr. Shozo Takagi, Dr. Joseph M. Antonucci, Dr. Sabine H. Dickens and Dr. Drago Skrtic for discussions. We are grateful to Esstech (Essington, PA) for providing the resin monomers. This study was supported by NIH R01 DE14190 and DE17974 (HX), Maryland Nano-Biotechnology Initiative Award (HX), the University of Maryland Dental School, NIST, and the ADAF. NR 37 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD APR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 535 EP 542 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2008.10.009 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 422ZV UT WOS:000264467100017 PM 19101026 ER PT J AU Amory-Mazaudier, C Basu, S Bock, O Combrink, A Groves, K Fuller Rowell, T Lassudrie-Duchesne, P Petitdidier, M Yizengaw, E AF Amory-Mazaudier, C. Basu, S. Bock, O. Combrink, A. Groves, K. Fuller Rowell, T. Lassudrie-Duchesne, P. Petitdidier, M. Yizengaw, E. TI International Heliophysical Year: GPS Network in Africa SO EARTH MOON AND PLANETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European General Assembly on International Heliophysics Year CY JUN, 2007 CL Torino, ITALY DE Heliophysics; Africa; GPS receivers; Sun-Earth connections AB The main scientific objectives of the International Heliophysical Year are to discover and study all the physical processes coupling the Earth to the Sun. During the IHY a number of scientific instruments are being deployed all over the world. This brief report presents the scientific objectives, the GPS receiver network over Africa and the long lasting research planned for the next decades in Africa. C1 [Amory-Mazaudier, C.; Petitdidier, M.] CNRS, Ctr Etud Environm Terr & Planetaire, Velizy Villacoublay, France. [Basu, S.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Bock, O.] CNRS, Serv Aeron, Paris, France. [Bock, O.] LAREG IGN, Paris, France. [Combrink, A.] Hart RAO, ZA-1740 Krugerdorp, South Africa. [Groves, K.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Fuller Rowell, T.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fuller Rowell, T.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Lassudrie-Duchesne, P.] Univ Bretagne Occidentale, ENST, Brest, France. [Yizengaw, E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Amory-Mazaudier, C (reprint author), CNRS, Ctr Etud Environm Terr & Planetaire, Velizy Villacoublay, France. EM christine.mazaudier@cetp.ipsl.fr RI Yizengaw, Endawoke/I-3471-2015 OI Yizengaw, Endawoke/0000-0001-5772-3355 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9295 J9 EARTH MOON PLANETS JI Earth Moon Planets PD APR PY 2009 VL 104 IS 1-4 BP 263 EP 270 DI 10.1007/s11038-008-9273-8 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 414MX UT WOS:000263869300041 ER PT J AU Cressie, N Calder, CA Clark, JS Hoef, JMV Wikle, CK AF Cressie, Noel Calder, Catherine A. Clark, James S. Hoef, Jay M. Ver Wikle, Christopher K. TI Accounting for uncertainty in ecological analysis: the strengths and limitations of hierarchical statistical modeling SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE Bayesian modeling; data model; design; empirical Bayes; harbor seals; MCMC; prior; process model; spatial process; spatiotemporal process ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; SEALS PHOCA-VITULINA; VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; HARBOR SEALS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE; MONITORING NETWORKS; SPATIAL PREDICTION; RECAPTURE DATA AB Analyses of ecological data should account for the uncertainty in the process(es) that generated the data. However, accounting for these uncertainties is a difficult task, since ecology is known for its complexity. Measurement and/or process errors are often the only sources of uncertainty modeled when addressing complex ecological problems, yet analyses should also account for uncertainty in sampling design, in model specification, in parameters governing the specified model, and in initial and boundary conditions. Only then can we be con. dent in the scientific inferences and forecasts made from an analysis. Probability and statistics provide a framework that accounts for multiple sources of uncertainty. Given the complexities of ecological studies, the hierarchical statistical model is an invaluable tool. This approach is not new in ecology, and there are many examples ( both Bayesian and non-Bayesian) in the literature illustrating the benefits of this approach. In this article, we provide a baseline for concepts, notation, and methods, from which discussion on hierarchical statistical modeling in ecology can proceed. We have also planted some seeds for discussion and tried to show where the practical difficulties lie. Our thesis is that hierarchical statistical modeling is a powerful way of approaching ecological analysis in the presence of inevitable but quanti. able uncertainties, even if practical issues sometimes require pragmatic compromises. C1 [Cressie, Noel; Calder, Catherine A.] Ohio State Univ, Program Spatial Stat & Environm Stat, Dept Stat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Clark, James S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Hoef, Jay M. Ver] NMFS Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, NOAA, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wikle, Christopher K.] Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Cressie, N (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Program Spatial Stat & Environm Stat, Dept Stat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM ncressie@stat.asu.edu RI Cressie, Noel/B-8858-2009; Clark, James/G-6331-2011; OI Cressie, Noel/0000-0002-0274-8050; Calder, Catherine/0000-0002-4459-1418; Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895 FU National Science Foundation [0112050] FX This paper resulted from a workshop, "Uncertainty in Ecological Analysis,'' organized by Ohio State University's Mathematical Biosciences Institute and Program in Spatial Statistics and Environmental Statistics, which was held in Columbus, Ohio, 3-6 April 2006. Major financial support for the workshop came from the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. 0112050. The workshop was attended by 50 U. S. and international quantitative ecologists and applied statisticians, as well as about 20 Ohio State faculty, postdocs, and graduate students. Session themes were almost all ecological, the idea being that science problems would drive the workshop, and that quantitative methodology would emerge in a context. Workshop sessions included Population Dynamics, Abundance Estimation, Spatial Patterns and Processes, Community Ecology, and Complexity in Ecosystem Analysis, as well as two New Researchers sessions. Both the presentation slides and videos of the presentations can be found at the MBI's web site. 10 We would like to express our appreciation to the referees, Dave Schimel, and Michelle Sims, whose suggestions and comments led to improvements in the manuscript. NR 128 TC 214 Z9 218 U1 22 U2 199 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 553 EP 570 DI 10.1890/07-0744.1 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 420SM UT WOS:000264309500002 PM 19425416 ER PT J AU Snover, ML Heppell, SS AF Snover, Melissa L. Heppell, Selina S. TI Application of diffusion approximation for risk assessments of sea turtle populations SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE diffusion approximation; endangered species; fisheries management; listing criterion; population viability; PVA; quasi-extinction risk; sea turtles; susceptibility to quasi-extinction ID CORIACEA NESTING POPULATION; MARINO-LAS-BAULAS; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; LEATHERBACK TURTLE; VIABILITY ANALYSIS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; SOMATIC GROWTH; COSTA-RICA; EXTINCTION; LOGGERHEAD AB Population viability analysis (PVA) to forecast extinction risk is a commonly used tool in decision- and policy-making processes of governments and conservation organizations. A drawback to PVA is the high degree of uncertainty in these forecasts due to both population stochasticity and parameter estimation uncertainty. With sparse or noisy data, extinction probabilities frequently have 95% confidence intervals ranging from 0 to 1. To make stochastic simulation results more interpretable, we present a new metric, susceptibility to quasi-extinction (SQE), to assess whether or not a population is at risk of declining to a prespecified level (quasi-extinction). Following standard methods for diffusion approximation of extinction risk, we use a parametric bootstrap to determine the 95% CI for the probability of quasi-extinction. SQE is the proportion of this parametric bootstrap that indicates a high (defined as >= 0.90) probability of quasi-extinction, resulting in a point estimate that integrates both parameter uncertainty and stochasticity in extinction forecasting. We demonstrate the application of the metric with sea turtle nest census data, which have a high degree of year-to-year variance and represent only a small fraction of the total population. Using population simulations, we found that for these types of data a critical SQE value of 0.40 corresponds to populations that have a true risk of quasi-extinction. The metric has an accuracy of >80%, which can be increased further by lowering the 0.40 threshold and trading off Type I error (considering a population to be "not at risk'' when it actually is) and Type II error (considering a population to be "at risk'' when it actually is not), giving managers a flexible and quantitative tool for assessments of population status. C1 [Snover, Melissa L.] NOAA, NMFS, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Heppell, Selina S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Snover, ML (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Melissa.Snover@gmail.com FU Pacific and Atlantic Sea Turtle Assessment (PASTA); Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station [ORE00102] FX We thank T. Eguchi, B. Gerke, J. Baker, E. Holmes, G. Antonelis, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments and critical reviews of this manuscript. S. S. Heppell was supported by the Pacific and Atlantic Sea Turtle Assessment (PASTA) project funded through the Pelagic Fisheries Research Program, and by the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station under project ORE00102. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 16 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 774 EP 785 DI 10.1890/07-1111.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 420SM UT WOS:000264309500024 PM 19425438 ER PT J AU Papastamatiou, YP Lowe, CG Caselle, JE Friedlander, AM AF Papastamatiou, Yannis P. Lowe, Christopher G. Caselle, Jennifer E. Friedlander, Alan M. TI Scale-dependent effects of habitat on movements and path structure of reef sharks at a predator-dominated atoll SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acoustic telemetry; blacktip reef sharks; foraging behavior; fractal analysis; habitat utilization; nursery areas; Palmyra Atoll; predator-dominated ecosystems ID JUVENILE LEMON SHARKS; NORTHERN LINE ISLANDS; NEGAPRION-BREVIROSTRIS; CARCHARHINUS-MELANOPTERUS; FRACTAL ANALYSIS; HOME-RANGE; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR; GROUNDS; ECOLOGY AB The effects of habitat on the ecology, movements, and foraging strategies of marine apex predators are largely unknown. We used acoustic telemetry to quantify the movement patterns of blacktip reef sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus) at Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, in the Pacific Ocean. Sharks had relatively small home ranges over a timescale of days to weeks (0.55 +/- 0.24 km(2)) and showed strong site fidelity to sand-flat ledges within the west lagoon over a three-year period. Sharks showed evidence of diel and tidal movements, and they utilized certain regions of the west lagoon disproportionately. There were ontogenetic shifts in habitat selection, with smaller sharks showing greater selection for sand-flat habitats, and pups (total length 35-61 cm) utilizing very shallow waters on sand-flats, potentially as nursery areas. Adult sharks selected ledge habitats and had lower rates of movement when over sand-flats and ledges than they did over lagoon waters. Fractal analysis of movements showed that over periods of days, sharks used patches that were 3-17% of the scale of their home range. Repeat horizontal movements along ledge habitats consisted of relatively straight movements, which theoretical models consider the most efficient search strategy when forage patches may be spatially and temporally unpredictable. Although sharks moved using a direct walk while in patches, they appeared to move randomly between patches. Microhabitat quantity and quality had large effects on blacktip reef shark movements, which have consequences for the life-history characteristics of the species and potentially the spatial distribution of behaviorally mediated effects on lower trophic levels throughout the Palmyra ecosystem. C1 [Papastamatiou, Yannis P.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Dept Zool, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Lowe, Christopher G.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Caselle, Jennifer E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Friedlander, Alan M.] NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. [Friedlander, Alan M.] NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Biogeog Branch, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. [Friedlander, Alan M.] Ocean Inst, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Papastamatiou, YP (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Dept Zool, 46-007 Lilipuna Rd, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM yannis@hawaii.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [R/FM-23PD]; University of Hawaii Sea; SOEST; NOAA Office of Sea [NA05OAR4171048]; Department of Commerce; National Geographic Society [7990-06]; California State University-Long Beach; Marisla Foundation; University of Hawaii Animal Care Protocol; USFWS [06014] FX We thank all the TNC staff who always helped make our stay at Palmyra enjoyable, in particular, M. and E. Lange, B. Pickering, and T. Adkins. We also thank J. Beets, T. Clark, N. Whitney, M. Sheehy, L. Davis, and G. Goodmanlowe for their help with the long hours of active tracking. V. Nams and E. Franklin provided advice on fractal analysis, and J. Dale and N. Whitney helped with statistical analysis. We thank J. Grove and the NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Division for providing temperature data for the Palmyra lagoons. Finally, we acknowledge L. Wedding and K. Anthony for designing figures. This paper is funded in part by a grant/cooperative agreement from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Project # R/FM-23PD, which is sponsored by the University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program, SOEST, under Institutional Grant Number NA05OAR4171048 from NOAA Office of Sea Grants, Department of Commerce. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies, UNIHI-SEAGRANT-JC-06-16. Funding was also provided by the National Geographic Society (Committee for Research and Exploration Grant 7990-06), California State University-Long Beach, and the Marisla Foundation. All experiments were approved by the University of Hawaii Animal Care Protocol and USFWS (permit number 06014). NR 43 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 6 U2 49 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2009 VL 90 IS 4 BP 996 EP 1008 DI 10.1890/08-0491.1 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 427AY UT WOS:000264753400017 PM 19449694 ER PT J AU Samhouri, JF Steele, MA Forrester, GE AF Samhouri, Jameal F. Steele, Mark A. Forrester, Graham E. TI Inter-cohort competition drives density dependence and selective mortality in a marine fish SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age-structured interactions; coral reef fish; density dependence; early life history; enemy-free space; Gnatholepis thompsoni; inter-cohort competition; otoliths; phenotypic selection; refuge; shelter; stage-structured interactions ID CORAL-REEF FISH; SIZE-STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; LARVAL-JUVENILE TRANSITION; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; INTERCOHORT COMPETITION; PREDATION; LIFE; SURVIVAL; RECRUITMENT; PATTERNS AB For organisms with complex life cycles, the transition between life stages and between habitats can act as a significant demographic and selective bottleneck. In particular, competition with older and larger conspecifics and heterospecifics may influence the number and characteristics of individuals successfully making the transition. We investigated whether the availability of enemy-free space mediated the interaction between adult goldspot gobies (Gnatholepis thompsoni), a common tropical reef fish, and juvenile conspecifics that had recently settled from the plankton. We added rocks, which provide refuge from predators, to one-half of each of five entire coral reefs in the Bahamas and measured the survival and growth of recent settlers in relation to adult goby densities. We also evaluated whether mortality was selective with respect to three larval traits (age at settlement, size at settlement, and presettlement growth rate) and measured the influence of refuge availability and adult goby density on selection intensity. Selective mortality was measured by comparing larval traits of newly settled gobies (<= 5 d postsettlement) with those of survivors (2-3 week postsettlement juveniles). We detected a negative relationship between juvenile survival and adult goby density in both low- and high-refuge habitats, though experimental refuge addition reduced the intensity of this density dependence. Juvenile growth also declined with increasing adult goby density, but this effect was similar in both low- and high-refuge habitats. Refuge availability had no consistent effect on selective mortality, but adult goby density was significantly related to the intensity of size-selective mortality: bigger juveniles were favored where adults were abundant, and smaller juveniles were favored where adults were rare. Given the typically large difference in sizes of juveniles and adults, similar stage-structured interactions may be common but underappreciated in many marine species. C1 [Samhouri, Jameal F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Steele, Mark A.] Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Biol, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Forrester, Graham E.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Samhouri, JF (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jameal.samhouri@noaa.gov OI Forrester, Graham/0000-0001-5253-773X FU NSF [OCE 0222087]; American Museum of Natural History; American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists; International Women's Fishing Association; Sigma Xi; UC Regents; UCLA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; NOAA-NURP [CMRC-05-PRRV-01-05A, CMRC-01-NRME-010-3C, CMRC-03-NRME-01-04A, CMRC-03-NRME-01-05C] FX Many thanks to those who helped us with field work, including R. Gonzalez, W. Holden, D. King, T. Konotchick, J. Krug, K. Nickols, J. Noell, A. P. Parkin, L. Robinson, J. Stewart, A. Stier, M. Vasilakos, and A. Yau. We are also thankful to our laboratory assistants, including A. Al-Humaidhi, N. Bulalacao, D. Danetra, R. Gonzalez, C. Griffith, L. Hayashi, K. Larsen, K. Le, A. Leonido, G. Nguyen, D. Storz, C. Tampoya, A. Villareal, and H. White. Excellent logistical support was provided by the staff at the Caribbean Marine Research Center (CMRC), and R. Warner graciously gave us access to terrific laboratory facilities. Ideas and comments from R. Calsbeek, S. Leslie Hamilton, P. Nosil, R. Vance, R. Warner, W. White, and the entire Warner laboratory greatly improved this research. Financial support was provided by an NSF pre-doctoral fellowship, and grants from the American Museum of Natural History, the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, the International Women's Fishing Association, Sigma Xi, UC Regents, and the UCLA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology to J. F. Samhouri, a NOAA-NURP grant to R. Vance and J. F. Samhouri (CMRC-05-PRRV-01-05A), and grants from NSF (OCE 0222087) and NOAA-NURP (CMRC-01-NRME-010-3C, CMRC-03-NRME-01-04A, CMRC-03-NRME-01-05C) to G. E. Forrester, M. A. Steele, and R. Vance. Views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of PIMS, NOAA, or any of their sub-agencies. NR 58 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 35 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2009 VL 90 IS 4 BP 1009 EP 1020 DI 10.1890/07-1161.1 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 427AY UT WOS:000264753400018 PM 19449695 ER PT J AU Rotstein, DS Burdett, LG McLellan, W Schwacke, L Rowles, T Terio, KA Schultz, S Pabst, A AF Rotstein, David S. Burdett, Leslie G. McLellan, William Schwacke, Lori Rowles, Teri Terio, Karen A. Schultz, Stacy Pabst, Ann TI Lobomycosis in Offshore Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), North Carolina SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LOBOS-DISEASE AB Lacazia loboi, a cutaneous fungus, is found in humans and dolphins from transitional tropical (Florida) and tropical (South America) regions. We report 2 cases of lobomycosis in stranded bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), and 1 case of lobomycosis-like disease in 1 free-swimming, pelagic, offshore bottlenose dolphin from North Carolina, where no cases have previously been observed. C1 [Rotstein, David S.] NOAA, Cooperat Ctr Marine Mammal Anim Hlth, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Rotstein, David S.] Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Cooperat Ctr Marine Anim Hlth, NOAA,Dept Pathobiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Burdett, Leslie G.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [McLellan, William; Pabst, Ann] Univ N Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. [Schwacke, Lori] NOAA, Charleston, IL USA. [Terio, Karen A.; Schultz, Stacy] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. RP Rotstein, DS (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Cooperat Ctr Marine Anim Hlth, NOAA,Dept Pathobiol, Rm A201,2407 River Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dave.rotstein@noaa.gov FU NOAA [2003-013] FX Dr Rotstein is a marine mammal veterinary pathologist at the NOAA Cooperative Center for Marine Mammal Animal Health and an assistant professor at the University of Tennessee. His research interests include marine mammal and ecosystem population health. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 4 BP 588 EP 590 DI 10.3201/eid1504.081358 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 425NR UT WOS:000264644900014 PM 19331739 ER PT J AU Tymchuk, WE Beckman, B Devlin, RH AF Tymchuk, Wendy E. Beckman, Brian Devlin, Robert H. TI Altered Expression of Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Axis Hormones in Domesticated Fish SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; TRANSGENIC ATLANTIC SALMON; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; BODY-COMPOSITION; IGF-I; BROWN TROUT AB There are genetically based differences in growth and behavior between domestic and wild (W) trout and salmon, although the molecular underpinnings of the physiological alterations have not been identified. To test for genetically based alterations in the GH/IGF-I axis, which is thought to mediate some of the differences in growth and behavior, we measured circulating concentrations of GH, IGF-I, and thyroid hormone (T(3)), as well as mRNA levels for GH, IGF-I, and GH receptor, from multiple tissues and from fish reared under different environments. Both age-matched and size-matched individuals were examined to overcome difficulties examining strains with inherently different growth rates (and, thus, body size at age). A principal components analysis detected four factors that explained over 70% of the variation in the data; of these, a factor composed of mRNA expression of GH receptor in the liver, IGF-I in the liver, and circulating IGF-I was most strongly correlated with genotype. W coho salmon families responded to environmental alteration with a lower level of plasma IGF-I detected in the seminatural (reduced food) environment relative to the culture environment, whereas no environmental response was detected in the domestic families. The results suggest that genetically based differences in hormone expression and regulation, particularly for IGF-I, are present in response to anthropogenic selection pressures in salmon and trout. In addition, although rearing environment alone can alter relative hormone expression, domestication appears to have reduced the physiological response to environment relative to W fish. (Endocrinology 150: 1809-1816, 2009) C1 [Tymchuk, Wendy E.; Devlin, Robert H.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ctr Aquaculture & Environm Res, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada. [Tymchuk, Wendy E.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada. [Beckman, Brian] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Devlin, RH (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ctr Aquaculture & Environm Res, 4160 Marine Dr, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada. EM devlinr@pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Regulatory System for Biotechnology FX This work was supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Industrial Postgraduate Funding (to W. E. T.), as well as the Canadian Regulatory System for Biotechnology (to R. H. D.). Disclosure Summary: The authors have nothing to disclose. NR 53 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD APR PY 2009 VL 150 IS 4 BP 1809 EP 1816 DI 10.1210/en.2008-0797 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 422QN UT WOS:000264442900031 PM 19022885 ER PT J AU Lee, JSF Berejikian, BA AF Lee, Jonathan S. F. Berejikian, Barry A. TI Structural complexity in relation to the habitat preferences, territoriality, and hatchery rearing of juvenile China rockfish (Sebastes nebulosus) SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Stock enhancement; Conservation hatchery; Predation risk; Rearing effects ID CORAL-REEF FISH; BODY-SIZE; DOMINANCE; SETTLEMENT; ECOLOGY; COMMUNITIES; SURVIVAL; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH; SALMON AB Conservation efforts require an understanding of the basic behavior and ecology of target species. However, limited information exists for a wide range of taxa, including declining species of rockfish (genus Sebastes). First, we observed captive juvenile China rockfish (S. nebulosus) to determine how they interact with their environment and conspecifics. Juveniles exhibited site fidelity and territoriality. These aggressive interactions occurred within the context of size-biased dominance, centered on competition for structurally complex habitat. Given the apparent importance of structure and the absence of structure in typical hatchery environments, we then asked how the absence of structure affects future behavior. When barren-reared and structure-reared juveniles were combined into a structurally complex aquarium, barren-reared fish displayed less structure use and less site fidelity than structure-reared fish. However, after 1 to 2 weeks, barren-reared fish began to use structure and showed site fidelity that eventually equaled that of structure-reared juveniles, showing that those behavioral effects of the rearing environment were not permanent. Though these short-term effects may still impact survival after hatchery release, we were unable to detect significant effects on vulnerability to a predator (lingcod, Ophiodon elongatus) in laboratory trials. C1 [Lee, Jonathan S. F.; Berejikian, Barry A.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Lee, JSF (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM jon.lee@noaa.gov RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 FU NOAA Fisheries; Science Consortium for Ocean Replenishment (SCORE) FX We thank Ken Massee (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-NOAA), Mike Rust (NOAA), Tom Waite (University of Idaho), and the Seattle Aquarium for providing the juvenile China rockfish. We also appreciate help from Jeff Atkins in preparing the flume and aquaria, and Tom Flagg and Walt Dickhoff for reviewing the manuscript. This study was funded by a NOAA Fisheries funded research consortium - the Science Consortium for Ocean Replenishment (SCORE). The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the funding agency. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD APR PY 2009 VL 84 IS 4 BP 411 EP 419 DI 10.1007/s10641-009-9450-2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 420BG UT WOS:000264262800011 ER PT J AU Ross, KW Brown, ME Verdin, JP Underwood, LW AF Ross, K. W. Brown, M. E. Verdin, J. P. Underwood, L. W. TI Review of FEWS NET biophysical monitoring requirements SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Review DE applied remote sensing; requirements definition; Earth observations; early warning ID SPOT-VEGETATION; MODIS; RAINFALL; AFRICA; AVHRR AB The Famine Early Warning System Network (FEWS NET) provides monitoring and early warning support to decision makers responsible for responding to famine and food insecurity. FEWS NET transforms satellite remote sensing data into rainfall and vegetation information that can be used by these decision makers. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration has recently funded activities to enhance remote sensing inputs to FEWS NET. To elicit Earth observation requirements, a professional review questionnaire was disseminated to FEWS NET expert end-users; it focused upon operational requirements to determine additional useful remote sensing data and, subsequently, to assess whether such data would be beneficial as FEWS NET biophysical supplementary inputs. The review was completed by over 40 experts from around the world. Reviewers were asked to evaluate the relative importance of environmental variables and spatio-temporal requirements for Earth science data products, in particular for rainfall and vegetation products. The results showed that spatio-temporal resolution requirements are complex and need to vary according to place, time, and hazard; that high resolution remote sensing products continue to be in demand; and that rainfall and vegetation products are valued as data that provide actionable food security information. C1 [Ross, K. W.; Underwood, L. W.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Brown, M. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Verdin, J. P.] NOAA, ESRL, US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ross, KW (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 411 W Michigan St, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM kenton_ross@ssaihq.com; molly.brown@nasa.gov; verdin@usgs.gov; lauren_underwood@ssaihq.com RI Brown, Molly/E-2724-2010; Brown, Molly/M-5146-2013; OI Brown, Molly/0000-0001-7384-3314; Brown, Molly/0000-0001-7384-3314; Ross, Kenton/0000-0002-6381-5894 FU NASA [NNS06AA60I, NNG06HU01G] FX The USGS directs this work with funding provided through NASA Interagency Purchase Request NNS06AA60I. K Ross, M Brown, and L Underwood participate under NASA Grant NNG06HU01G. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD APR-JUN PY 2009 VL 4 IS 2 AR 024009 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/4/2/024009 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 470QD UT WOS:000267991900010 ER PT J AU Novelli, PC Crotwell, AM Hall, BD AF Novelli, P. C. Crotwell, A. M. Hall, B. D. TI Application of Gas Chromatography with a Pulsed Discharge Helium Ionization Detector for Measurements of Molecular Hydrogen in the Atmosphere SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; AIR; TROPOSPHERE; BUDGET; NEON; CO AB The Earth's troposphere contains approximately 160 Tg H(2) with an average surface mixing ratio similar to 530 nmole mole(-1) (ppb) and lifetime of 2 years. Atmospheric H(2) is typically measured using gas chromatography (GC) followed by hot mercuric oxide reduction detection (GC-HgO). Here we describe an alternate method using GC with a pulsed-discharge helium ionization detector (HePPD). HePPD is a universal detector; when applied to H(2), the GC-HePDD provides a wide linear range (0.3% over a range of 2000 ppb), a detection limit of similar to 0.03 pg, high precision (0.12%) and a stable response (+/- 1.6% over nearly one year). HePPD is compared to HgO reduction using a suite of gravimetrically prepared reference gases spanning remote to urban concentrations. The method is excellent for atmospheric measurements as it provides a wide linear range with high precision, stability and reproducibility. We suggest these characteristics will improve the ability to maintain reference gases and improve measurements of atmospheric H(2), thus providing better constraints on potential future changes in its sources and sinks. C1 [Novelli, P. C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Novelli, PC (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM paul.c.novelli@noaa.gov FU NOAA Climate and Global Change Program; NOAA's program for Atmospheric Composition and Change FX Doug Guenther and Kirk Thoning (NOAA/ESRL/GMD) helped to develop the hardware and software used for the GC-HePDD. Peter Salameh (Scripps Institute of Oceanography) provided our group with the integration software. Armin Jordan (Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry) and Ed Dlugokencky (GMD) are acknowledged for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the NOAA Climate and Global Change Program and NOAA's program for Atmospheric Composition and Change. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 7 BP 2431 EP 2436 DI 10.1021/es803180g PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 427DI UT WOS:000264759600048 PM 19452897 ER PT J AU De Gouw, JA Hekkert, STL Mellqvist, J Warneke, C Atlas, EL Fehsenfeld, FC Fried, A Frost, GJ Harren, FJM Holloway, JS Lefer, B Lueb, R Meagher, JF Parrish, DD Patel, M Pope, L Richter, D Rivera, C Ryerson, TB Samuelsson, J Walega, J Washenfelder, RA Weibring, P Zhu, X AF De Gouw, J. A. Hekkert, S. Te Lintel Mellqvist, J. Warneke, C. Atlas, E. L. Fehsenfeld, F. C. Fried, A. Frost, G. J. Harren, F. J. M. Holloway, J. S. Lefer, B. Lueb, R. Meagher, J. F. Parrish, D. D. Patel, M. Pope, L. Richter, D. Rivera, C. Ryerson, T. B. Samuelsson, J. Walega, J. Washenfelder, R. A. Weibring, P. Zhu, X. TI Airborne Measurements of Ethene from Industrial Sources Using Laser Photo-Acoustic Spectroscopy SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OZONE FORMATION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; HOUSTON; TEXAS; EMISSIONS AB A laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (LPAS) instrument was developed and used for aircraft measurements of ethene from industrial sources near Houston, Texas. The instrument provided 20 s measurements with a detection limit of less than 0.7 ppbv. Data from this instrument and from the GC-FID analysis of air samples collected in flight agreed within 15% on average. Ethene fluxes from the Mt. Belvieu chemical complex to the northeast of Houston were quantified during 10 different flights. The average flux was 520 +/- 140 kg h(-1) in agreement with independent results from solar occultation flux (SOF) measurements, and roughly an order of magnitude higher than regulatory emission inventories indicate. This study shows that ethene emissions are routinely at levels that qualify as emission upsets, which need to be reported to regional air quality managers. C1 [De Gouw, J. A.; Warneke, C.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.; Frost, G. J.; Holloway, J. S.; Meagher, J. F.; Parrish, D. D.; Ryerson, T. B.; Washenfelder, R. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [De Gouw, J. A.; Warneke, C.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.; Frost, G. J.; Holloway, J. S.; Washenfelder, R. A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hekkert, S. Te Lintel] Sensor Sense, Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Mellqvist, J.; Rivera, C.; Samuelsson, J.] Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Atlas, E. L.; Lueb, R.; Pope, L.; Zhu, X.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Fried, A.; Richter, D.; Walega, J.; Weibring, P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Harren, F. J. M.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Lefer, B.; Patel, M.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA. RP De Gouw, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM joost.deGouw@noaa.gov RI Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Lefer, Barry/B-5417-2012; Rivera, Claudia/L-4669-2016; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Rivera, Claudia/B-5605-2012; Harren, Frans/A-1729-2010; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Mellqvist, Johan/0000-0002-6578-9220 NR 17 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 7 BP 2437 EP 2442 DI 10.1021/es802701a PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 427DI UT WOS:000264759600049 PM 19452898 ER PT J AU Mintert, F Rey, AM Satija, II Clark, CW AF Mintert, F. Rey, A. M. Satija, I. I. Clark, C. W. TI Phase transitions, entanglement and quantum noise interferometry in cold atoms SO EPL LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS; STATE AB We show that entanglement monotones reveal the pronounced enhancement of entanglement at a quantum phase transition, when they are sensitive to long-range high-order correlations. Such monotones are found to develop a sharp interferometric peak at the critical point, and to exhibit universal scaling. We demonstrate that similar features are shared by noise correlation spectra, and verify that these experimentally accessible quantities encode entanglement information and probe separability. We give a prescription, for mesoscopic scale systems of how to extract the pronounced enhancement of entanglement at a quantum phase transition from limited accessible experimental data. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2009 C1 [Mintert, F.] Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, Freiburg, Germany. [Mintert, F.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mintert, F.; Rey, A. M.] Harvard Univ, Inst Theoret Atom Mol & Opt Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rey, A. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rey, A. M.] JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Clark, C. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Satija, I. I.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Clark, C. W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mintert, F (reprint author), Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, Hermann Herder Str 3, Freiburg, Germany. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 EI 1286-4854 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD APR PY 2009 VL 86 IS 1 AR 17003 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/86/17003 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 450PT UT WOS:000266414000026 ER PT J AU Schleicher, RL Mccoy, LF Chaudhary-Webb, M LaVoie, DJ Chen, HP Pfeiffer, CM Phinney, KW AF Schleicher, Rosemary Lawless Mccoy, Leslie F. Chaudhary-Webb, Madhu LaVoie, Donna J. Chen, Huiping Pfeiffer, Christine M. Phinney, Karen W. TI Tandem mass spectrometry method to measure serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D concentrations for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Schleicher, Rosemary Lawless; Chaudhary-Webb, Madhu; LaVoie, Donna J.; Chen, Huiping; Pfeiffer, Christine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH DLS NBB, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mccoy, Leslie F.] AAS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Phinney, Karen W.] NIST, ACD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2009 VL 23 MA 112.1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V27OC UT WOS:000208621506460 ER PT J AU Floyd, JE McGrattan, KB AF Floyd, J. E. McGrattan, K. B. TI Extending the mixture fraction concept to address under-ventilated fires SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Mixture fraction; Computational fluid dynamics; Combustion modeling; Carbon monoxide ID DIFFUSION FLAMES; MECHANISMS; COMBUSTION AB A common technique in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of fire is to assume single step, infinitely fast combustion, in which case the transport equations of all gas species can be combined into one for a single conserved scalar called the mixture fraction. While this approach is adequate for many engineering applications, for fire scenarios that require predictions of CO formation or flame extinction, this approach is inadequate. This paper describes a method of extending the mixture fraction concept to address two-step chemistry. The two-step chemistry allows for flame extinction and the prediction of CO formation and destruction. The mixture fraction is decomposed into components representing the states of the two-step chemistry. The new model is demonstrated with two test cases: a slot burner using direct numerical simulation (DNS) and a reduced scale enclosure using large eddy simulation (LES). Results of the new model are compared with experimental data and simulations using single-step chemistry. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Floyd, J. E.] Hughes Associates Inc, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. [McGrattan, K. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Floyd, JE (reprint author), Hughes Associates Inc, 3610 Commerce Dr,817, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. EM jfloyd@haifire.com FU United States Department of Commerce; National Institute of Standards and Technology; Building and Fire Research Laboratory FX This work was funded by the United States Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Building and Fire Research Laboratory through the Fire Grants Program. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD APR PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 291 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2008.07.002 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 421ML UT WOS:000264362900002 ER PT J AU Courtenay, WR Collette, BB Essington, TE Hilborn, R Orr, JW Pauly, D Randall, JE Smith-Vaniz, WF AF Courtenay, Walter R., Jr. Collette, Bruce B. Essington, Timothy E. Hilborn, Ray Orr, James W. Pauly, Daniel Randall, John E. Smith-Vaniz, William F. TI Risks of Introductions of Marine Fishes: Reply to Briggs SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material ID LIONFISH PTEROIS-VOLITANS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MANAGEMENT; SCORPAENIDAE; INVASION; ISLANDS; SEAS AB This is a rebuttal to a publication by John C. Briggs in the April 2008 issue of Fisheries in Which be suggested introducing fishes and invertebrates from the North Pacific into the North Atlantic to increase diversity toward improving fisheries ill the latter. We argue otherwise for reasons that Briggs downplayed or never considered. Using examples of introductions within the Pacific bind the Atlantic, and movements of species from the Pacific to the Atlantic, we provide a record of failures and damage or dangers to native species from the few introductions that became successful. We argue that a lack of diversity of fishes and invertebrates in the North Atlantic versus that of the North Pacific is not the problem to be corrected by introductions is Briggs suggested. A record of overfishing and management policies is the problem in the North Atlantic. Introductions from the North Pacific to the North Atlantic are not worth the costs or the environmental risks involved C1 [Courtenay, Walter R., Jr.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Gainesville, FL USA. [Collette, Bruce B.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Essington, Timothy E.; Hilborn, Ray] Univ Washington, Coll Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Orr, James W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Pauly, Daniel] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Randall, John E.] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI USA. [Smith-Vaniz, William F.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Courtenay, WR (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Gainesville, FL USA. EM courtenayw@yahoo.com RI Hilborn, Ray/D-6332-2013 NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD APR PY 2009 VL 34 IS 4 BP 181 EP 186 DI 10.1577/1548-8446-34.4.181 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477NC UT WOS:000268524800003 ER PT J AU Seung, CK Waters, EC AF Seung, Chang K. Waters, Edward C. TI Measuring the economic linkage of Alaska fisheries: A supply-driven social accounting matrix (SDSAM) approach SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Social accounting matrix (SAM); Fisheries impacts; Alaska ID INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL; AGRICULTURE; IMPACTS; BASE AB A supply-driven social accounting matrix (SDSAM) model is developed to examine backward and forward linkage effects of Alaska fisheries. The model includes five harvesting sectors (Trawlers, Longliners, Crabbers, Salmon Netters, and Other Harvesters), two processing sectors (Motherships and Shorebased processors),and a Catcher-processor sector, which both harvests and processes. The study shows that total backward linkage effects of the Other Harvesters sector are strongest, followed by Trawlers and Salmon Netters, while the strongest total forward linkage effects are from Salmon Netters, followed by Other Harvesters and Crabbers. Results of a policy simulation where the effect of a 10% reduction in pollock catch was investigated show that total output will decrease by $37.1 million via backward linkages while total output in forward-linked sectors falls by $16.6 million. When the direct impacts on the harvesting sectors ($73.6 million) are included, total output decreases by $110.7 million via the combined direct shock and backward linkage effects. Income to Alaska households falls by $17.6 million due to effects on backward-linked industries, and by $0.5 million due to forward-linked effects. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Seung, Chang K.] NOAA F AKC2, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Waters, EC (reprint author), 11655 SW Belmont Terrace, Beaverton, OR USA. EM Chang.Seung@noaa.gov; edwaters@hotmail.com FU National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX The authors would like to acknowledge funding and support from the National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center. The authors would also like to thank the editor and three anonymous referees for their constructive comments. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD APR PY 2009 VL 97 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2008.12.013 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 430FZ UT WOS:000264975500004 ER PT J AU Cartwright, RL AF Cartwright, Rachael L. TI Description of early life history stages of the northern sculpin (Icelinus borealis Gilbert) (Teleostei: Cottidae) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID REGIME SHIFT; SCORPAENIFORMES; FISH; LARVAE; SEA; PIETSCHI; PISCES; JAPAN AB Larvae of the genus Icelinus are collected more frequently than any other sculpin larvae in ichthyoplankton surveys in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea, and larvae of the northern sculpin (Icelinus borealis) are commonly found in the ichthyofauna in both regions. Northern sculpin are geographically isolated north of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, which allows for a definitive description of its early life history development in the Bering Sea. A combination of morphological characters, pigmentation, preopercular spine pattern, meristic counts, and squamation in later developmental stages is essential to identify Icelinus to the species level. Larvae of northern sculpin have 35-36 myomeres, pelvic fins with one spine and two rays, a bony preopercular shelf, four preopercular spines, 3-14 irregular postanal ventral melanophores, few, if any, melanophores ventrally on the gut, and in larger specimens, two rows of ctenoid scales directly beneath the dorsal fins extending onto the caudal peduncle. The taxonomic characters of the larvae of northern sculpin in this study may help differentiate northern sculpin larvae from its congeners, and other sympatric sculpin larvae, and further aid in solving complex systematic relationships within the family Cottidae. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Cartwright, RL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM rachcart@hotmail.com FU [EcoFOCI-0636] FX The author thanks J. Orr (AFSC), M. Busby, A. Matarese, and J. Napp for reviewing the manuscript. Data for adult groundfish and specimens of Icelinus and Icelus juveniles and adults were supplied by J. Orr and D. Stevenson (AFSC), who also granted use of the Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Groundfish Systematics Laboratory and digital radiograph machine. J. Benson (AFSC) and M. Busby provided ArcView-GIS training and support. K. Maslenikov, University of Washington, provided radiographs and specimens of Icelus. This research is contribution EcoFOCI-0636 to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2009 VL 107 IS 2 BP 175 EP 185 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 435VG UT WOS:000265370800005 ER PT J AU Harter, SL Ribera, MM Shepard, AN Reed, JK AF Harter, Stacey L. Ribera, Marta M. Shepard, Andrew N. Reed, John K. TI Assessment of fish populations and habitat on Oculina Bank, a deep-sea coral marine protected area off eastern Florida SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID LOPHELIA-PERTUSA; REEFS; FISHERIES; RESERVES; ECOSYSTEM; IMPACTS; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; PATTERNS; ISLANDS AB A portion of the Oculina Bank located off eastern Florida is a marine protected area (MPA) preserved for its dense populations of the ivory tree coral (Oculina varicosa), which provides important habitat for fish. Surveys of fish assemblages and benthic habitat were conducted inside and outside the MPA in 2003 and 2005 by using remotely operated vehicle video transects and digital still imagery. Fish species composition, biodiversity, and grouper densities were used to determine whether O. varicosa forms an essential habitat compared to other structure-forming habitats and to examine the effectiveness of the MPA. Multivariate analyses indicated no differences in fish assemblages or biodiversity among hardbottorn habitat types and grouper densities were highest among the most complex habitats; however the higher densities were not exclusive to coral habitat. Therefore, we conclude that O. varicosa was functionally equivalent to other hardbottorn habitats. Even though fish assemblages were not different among management areas, biodiversity and grouper densities were higher inside the MPA compared to outside. The percentage of intact coral was also higher inside the MPA. These results provide initial evidence demonstrating effectiveness of the MPA for restoring reef fish and their habitat. This is the first study to compare reef fish populations on O. varicosa with other structure-forming reef habitats and also the first to examine the effectiveness of the MPA for restoring fish populations and live reef cover. C1 [Harter, Stacey L.; Ribera, Marta M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Shepard, Andrew N.] Univ N Carolina, NOAA, Undersea Res Ctr, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. [Reed, John K.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Harter, SL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM stacey.harter@noaa.gov FU National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Exploration; National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center (NMFS SEFSC); NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP); NOAA Undersea Research FX We thank the United Space Alliance (USA), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the crews of the MV Liberty Star and MV Freedom Star for providing vessel support. L. Horn and G. Taylor of University of North Carolina at Wilmington/National Underwater Research Center (UNCW/NURC) provided ROV support. Funding was provided by National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Exploration, National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center (NMFS SEFSC), NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP), and NOAA Undersea Research Center at UNCW. M. Miller of NMFS SEFSC acted as NOAA CRCP representative. A. Maness of UNCW/NURC provided the image analysis program. We also thank C. Koenig and S. Brooke whose comments helped to improve the manuscript. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 17 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2009 VL 107 IS 2 BP 195 EP 206 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 435VG UT WOS:000265370800007 ER PT J AU Sewall, FF Rodgveller, CJ AF Sewall, Fletcher F. Rodgveller, Cara J. TI Changes in body composition and fatty acid profile during embryogenesis of quillback rockfish (Sebastes maliger) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; YELLOWTAIL ROCKFISH; MARINE FISH; LIPIDS; METABOLISM; SCHLEGELI; DYNAMICS; MELANOPS AB We investigated developmental changes in the body compositions and fatty acid (FA) profiles of embryos and preparturition larvae of the quillback rockfish (Sebastes maliger). Comparisons of proximate composition data from early-stage embryos with data from hatched preparturition larvae taken from wild-caught gravid females indicated that embryos gain over one-third their weight in moisture while consuming 20% of their dry tissue mass for energy as they develop into larvae. Lipid contributed 60% of the energy consumed and was depleted more rapidly than protein, indicating a protein-sparing effect. Oil globule volume was strongly correlated with lipid levels, affirming its utility as an indicator of energetic status. FA profiles of early embryos differed significantly from those of hatched larvae. Differences in the relative abundances of FAs between early embryos and hatched larvae indicated different FA depletion rates during embryonic development. We conclude that some metabolically important FAs may prove useful in assessing the condition of embryos and preparturition larvae, particularly 20:4n-6, which cannot be synthesized by many marine fish and which is conserved during embryogenesis. Variability in body composition and energy use among rockfish species should be considered when interpreting any measures of condition. C1 [Sewall, Fletcher F.; Rodgveller, Cara J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs,Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Sewall, FF (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs,Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Fletcher.Sewall@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2009 VL 107 IS 2 BP 207 EP 220 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 435VG UT WOS:000265370800008 ER PT J AU Nichol, DG Somerton, DA AF Nichol, Daniel G. Somerton, David A. TI Evidence of the selection of tidal streams by northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) for transport in the eastern Bering Sea SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; JUVENILE PLAICE; MARINE ANIMALS; LARVAE; MOVEMENTS; MODEL; TIDES AB Depth data from archival tags on northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) were examined to assess whether fish used tidal currents to aid horizontal migration. Two northern rock sole, out of 115 released with archival tags in the eastern Bering Sea, were recovered 314 and 667 days after release. Both fish made periodic excursions away from the bottom during mostly night-time hours, but also during particular phases of the tide cycle. One fish that was captured and released in an area of rotary currents made vertical excursions that were correlated with tidal current direction. To test the hypothesis that the fish made vertical excursions to use tidal currents to aid migration, a hypothetical migratory path was calculated using a tide model to predict the current direction and speed during periods when the fish was off the bottom. This migration included limited movements from July through December, followed by a 200-km southern migration from January through February, then a return northward in March and April. The successful application of tidal current information to predict a horizontal migratory path not only provides evidence of selective tidal stream transport but indicates that vertical excursions were conducted primarily to assist horizontal migration. C1 [Nichol, Daniel G.; Somerton, David A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Nichol, DG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM dan.nichol@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2009 VL 107 IS 2 BP 221 EP 234 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 435VG UT WOS:000265370800009 ER PT J AU Shokere, LA Holden, MJ Jenkins, GR AF Shokere, Luke A. Holden, Marcia J. Jenkins, G. Ronald TI Comparison of fluorometric and spectrophotometric DNA quantification for real-time quantitative PCR of degraded DNA SO FOOD CONTROL LA English DT Article DE DNA quantification; A(260); Picogreen fluorescence; Hoescht dye; Degraded DNA quantitative real-time PCR; NK603 maize ID GENETICALLY-MODIFIED ORGANISMS; MODIFIED CROPS; STRANDED-DNA; FOOD; DEGRADATION; MAIZE; CHAIN; BIOTECHNOLOGY; ENVIRONMENT; RELEASE AB Isogenic NK603 DNA was degraded by sonication or heat and quantified using ANO and two fluorescent dye methods. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) experiments were conducted by amplifying an SSIIb-3 endogenous control and an NK603 transgene in untreated, sonicated, and heat treated samples. qPCR reactions on sonicated DNA samples, based on A(260) quantification, provided 0.125%, 1.14% and 2.15% NK603; while heat treated samples, provided results of 0.128%, 1.42%, and 2.73% NK603. qPCR reactions on sonicated DNA samples, based on the fluorescent dye method, provided results of 0.18%, 0.861% and 1.74% NK603; while heat treated DNA samples, provided results of 0.18%, 1.02%, and 2.16% NK603. The data suggested that fluorescent dye-based quantifications yielded more accurate determinations of the percent genetically engineered (GM) content at higher concentrations, most likely because fluorescent dye quantifications resulted in additional copies of template added into the qPCR. The data in this study suggested that neither fluorescent dye nor spectrophotometric methods of quantification on highly degraded DNA translated into concordant measurements of qPCR amplifiable DNA and accurate Q values. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Shokere, Luke A.; Jenkins, G. Ronald] Grain Inspect Packers & Stockyards Adm, USDA, Kansas City, MO USA. [Holden, Marcia J.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jenkins, GR (reprint author), Grain Inspect Packers & Stockyards Adm, USDA, 10383 N Ambassador Dr, Kansas City, MO USA. EM g.ronald.jenkins@usda.gov FU USDA-GIPSA FX The study was supported by funding from USDA-GIPSA. We thank Larry Freese for assistance on statistical analysis of the data; Tim Norden, and Dave Funk, for critical review of the manuscript; Tandace Scholdberg and Daishia Nelson for helpful discussions. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-7135 J9 FOOD CONTROL JI Food Control PD APR PY 2009 VL 20 IS 4 BP 391 EP 401 DI 10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.07.009 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 379JI UT WOS:000261392100012 ER PT J AU Kuhlman, KM MacGorman, DR Biggerstaff, MI Krehbiel, PR AF Kuhlman, K. M. MacGorman, D. R. Biggerstaff, M. I. Krehbiel, P. R. TI Lightning initiation in the anvils of two supercell storms SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; THUNDERSTORM ANVIL; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; PART II; STEPS; ELECTRIFICATION; MODEL AB Previous studies of lightning in anvil clouds have reported that flashes began in or near the storm core and propagated downwind into the anvil. It had been thought that flashes could not be initiated far downwind in the anvil, because anvil charge was thought to be produced mainly in the storm's deep updraft and to decrease with distance into the anvil. Here we report observations of the in-cloud development of lightning flashes in the anvils of two supercell storms, including the first observations of flashes that began in the anvil 30-100 km from the cores of the storms and propagated upwind back toward the cores. Interaction between charge regions in the two converging anvils of adjoining storms appeared to cause some of the distant flash initiations, but a local charging mechanism in the anvil likely also contributed to the flash initiations. All flashes that struck ground beneath the distant anvil transferred negative charge to ground instead of the positive charge usually transferred to ground there, an apparent consequence of the parent storm having an inverted-polarity electrical structure. Citation: Kuhlman, K. M., D. R. MacGorman, M. I. Biggerstaff, and P. R. Krehbiel (2009), Lightning initiation in the anvils of two supercell storms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L07802, doi: 10.1029/2008GL036650. C1 [Kuhlman, K. M.; MacGorman, D. R.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Krehbiel, P. R.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Kuhlman, K. M.; Biggerstaff, M. I.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Kuhlman, K. M.; MacGorman, D. R.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Kuhlman, KM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM kkuhlman@ou.edu OI MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196; Biggerstaff, Michael/0000-0002-6690-784X FU NSF [ATM-0233268] FX We thank participants in TELEX, including D. Rust, E. Bruning, T. Schuur, J. Straka, T. Mansell, C. Ziegler, L. Carey, B. Rison, and T. Hamlin, as well as many students who helped collect data. This research was supported by NSF grant ATM-0233268. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L07802 DI 10.1029/2008GL036650 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 428PE UT WOS:000264860300002 ER PT J AU Cheng, CP Lau, GT Law, KH Pan, JY Jones, A AF Cheng, Chin Pang Lau, Gloria T. Law, Kincho H. Pan, Jiayi Jones, Albert TI Improving access to and understanding of regulations through taxonomies SO GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article DE Heterogeneous ontologies; Taxonomy interoperability; Relatedness analysis; Regulation retrieval ID GOVERNMENT INFORMATION AB Industrial taxonomies have the potential to automate information retrieval, facilitate interoperability and, most importantly, improve decision making - decisions that must comply with existing government regulations and codes of practice. However, it is difficult to find those regulations and codes most relevant to a particular decision. even though they are now in digital form, and often available online. The focus of this work is to map regulations and codes to existing industry-specific taxonomies that would improve their access and retrieval and facilitate their integration with application programs. Keyword matching is a commonly used technique for mapping from a single taxonomy to a single regulation. In this paper, we examine techniques to address two other mapping problems: from a single taxonomy to multiple regulations and from multiple taxonomies to a single regulation. Those techniques Cosine similarity, Jaccard coefficient, and market basket analysis - provide metrics for measuring the similarity between concepts from different taxonomies. We discuss these metrics and provide evaluations using examples from the building industry. These examples illustrate the potential regulatory benefits from the mapping between various taxonomies and regulations. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cheng, Chin Pang; Lau, Gloria T.; Law, Kincho H.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Engn Informat Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Pan, Jiayi] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Jones, Albert] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Enterprise Syst Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cheng, CP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Engn Informat Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM cpcheng@stanford.edu; glau@stanford.edu; law@stanford.edu; pjy@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn; albert.jones@nist.gov NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0740-624X J9 GOV INFORM Q JI Gov. Inf. Q. PD APR PY 2009 VL 26 IS 2 BP 238 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.giq.2008.12.008 PG 8 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 433TK UT WOS:000265228500002 ER PT J AU Moustahfid, H Link, JS Overholtz, WJ Tyrrell, MC AF Moustahfid, H. Link, J. S. Overholtz, W. J. Tyrrell, M. C. TI The advantage of explicitly incorporating predation mortality into age-structured stock assessment models: an application for Atlantic mackerel SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE age structure; assessment model; biological reference points; Georges Bank; Gulf of Maine; predation mortality; Scomber scombrus ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; ASSESSMENT ADVICE; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; STOMACH CONTENTS; BERING-SEA; FISH; ECOSYSTEM; GULF; COMPLEX; WHALES AB An age-structured assessment programme (ASAP) that explicitly incorporates predation mortality was applied to Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) in the Northwest Atlantic. Predatory removals were modelled in the same manner as fishing mortality, with a comparable set of time-series, to produce estimates of predation mortality at age and for each year. Results from the analysis showed that incorporating predation into a mackerel stock assessment model notably altered model outputs. When excluding explicitly modelled rates of predation, the model underestimated the magnitude and uncertainty in spawning-stock biomass (SSB) and recruitment. Further, the rates of predation mortality varied across time and were higher for younger fish. Predation mortality was higher than fishing mortality for fish ages 1 year, approximately equal for 2-year-olds, and lower for older fish (3 years and older). Biological reference points for Atlantic mackerel differed considerably when predation mortality was included. For example, SSB(MSY) was more than twice as high in the model where predation was incorporated than in the fisheries-only model. Although there are several caveats to the predation model outputs, chief of which is that the estimates are conservative because some mackerel predators were excluded, the results demonstrate the feasibility of executing such an approach with an extant tool. The approach presented here ultimately has the advantage of detecting, and upon detection parsing out, the impact of predators relative to fisheries and has the potential to provide useful information to those interested in small pelagic fish and their associated fisheries. C1 [Moustahfid, H.; Link, J. S.; Overholtz, W. J.; Tyrrell, M. C.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Link, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jason.link@noaa.gov FU Lenfest Ocean Programme [2004-001492-105] FX We thank the members of the Food Web Dynamics Programme, past and present, for collecting and maintaining the database that enabled us to fulfil this work. We greatly appreciate Chris Legault's suggestions on calculating surplus yield. Our manuscript benefited from earlier comments made by Chris Legault, Eva Plaganyi, and an anonymous reviewer. The work was supported by Lenfest Ocean Programme Grant No. 2004-001492-105. NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD APR PY 2009 VL 66 IS 3 BP 445 EP 454 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsn217 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 421XR UT WOS:000264392100002 ER PT J AU Anderson, ME Stevenson, DE Shinohara, G AF Anderson, M. Eric Stevenson, Duane E. Shinohara, Gento TI Systematic review of the genus Bothrocara Bean 1890 (Teleostei: Zoarcidae) SO ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Zoarcidae; Eelpout; Bothrocara; North Pacific; South Pacific ID SEA; EELPOUT; FISH AB The systematics of the eelpout genus Bothrocara Bean 1890 is reviewed on the basis of 941 specimens. Eight mostly eurybathic, demersal species are recognized, distributed mainly along the continental slopes of the North and South Pacific oceans, with one species entering the South Atlantic. Distributions are: B. brunneum ranges from the Sea of Okhotsk to the Gulf of Panama at depths of 199-1,829 m; B. elongatum ranges from the Gulf of Panama to Chile at depths of 720-1,866 m; B. hollandi ranges from the Sea of Japan to the southeastern Bering Sea at depths of 150-1,980 m; B. molle ranges from the western Bering Sea to the South Atlantic at depths of 106-2,688 m; B. nyx is known only from the eastern Bering Sea at depths of 790-1,508 m; B. pusillum ranges from the northern Bering Sea to British Columbia, Canada, at depths of 55-642 m; B. tanakae is found along the northern coasts of Honshu and Hokkaido islands, Japan, at depths of 274-892 m; B. zestum ranges from the Izu Islands, Japan, and central Honshu, Japan, to the Gulf of Alaska at depths of 199-1,620 m (an unidentifiable specimen from off Taiwan may be B. zestum). The species are distinguished from one another mainly on the basis of head pore patterns, gill raker morphology, coloration and various meristic and morphometric values. A determination key to the species is provided. C1 [Anderson, M. Eric] S African Inst Aquat Biodivers, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Stevenson, Duane E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, RACE Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Shinohara, Gento] Natl Museum Nat & Sci, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1690073, Japan. RP Anderson, ME (reprint author), S African Inst Aquat Biodivers, Private Bag 1015, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. EM e.anderson@saiab.ac.za; Duane.Stevenson@noaa.gov; s-gento@kahaku.go.jp FU Deep-sea Fauna and Pollutants off Pacific Coast of Northern Japan; National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo FX MEA and GS express sincere thanks to Hisashi Imamura (Hokkaido University Museum) for his valuable help to complete this study. DS thanks Arkady Balushkin (Russian Academy of Sciences), Katherine Pearson (UW), Mary Anne Rogers (FMNH), Kelly Sendall (Royal British Columbia Museum), and Jeff Williams and Shirleen Smith (USNM) for access to specimens and radiographs, as well as James Orr and Jerry Hoff (U. S. National Marine Fisheries Service) for assistance collecting specimens from the Bering Sea. GS thanks Shigeaki Kojima (Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo), Shigeru M. Shirai (Japan Sea National Fisheries Research Institute), Daiji Kitagawa (Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute), Masaki Ito, Tsutomu Hattori, and Youji Narimatsu (Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute), Akira Uno (Hamasaka Town), and Toshiaki Kuramochi and Yohko Takata (NSMT) for their support collecting fresh specimens of Japanese Bothrocara. This study was partly supported by a research project entitled "Deep-sea Fauna and Pollutants off Pacific Coast of Northern Japan'' (National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, 2005 - 2008). NR 99 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1341-8998 EI 1616-3915 J9 ICHTHYOL RES JI Ichthyol. Res. PD APR PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 172 EP 194 DI 10.1007/s10228-008-0086-6 PG 23 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 438RX UT WOS:000265574200007 ER PT J AU Lipe, TE Tang, YH AF Lipe, Thomas E. Tang, Yi-Hua TI 2008 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lipe, Thomas E.; Tang, Yi-Hua] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lipe, TE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 749 EP 750 DI 10.1109/TIM.2008.2012386 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 419VC UT WOS:000264246800002 ER PT J AU Burroughs, CJ Rufenacht, A Benz, SP Dresselhaus, PD AF Burroughs, Charles J., Jr. Ruefenacht, Alain Benz, Samuel P. Dresselhaus, Paul D. TI Systematic Error Analysis of Stepwise-Approximated AC Waveforms Generated by Programmable Josephson Voltage Standards SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO DE Digital-analog conversion; Josephson arrays; Josephson voltage standard; signal synthesis; voltage measurement ID JUNCTION ARRAY AB We have measured stepwise-approximated sine waves generated by a programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) with several different output configurations. These data are analyzed to characterize the dominant error mechanisms for RMS applications, such as ac-dc difference measurements of thermal voltage converters (TVCs). We present detailed explanations of the fundamental causes and consequences of systematic errors that arise from transitions and consider the overall uncertainties for PJVS ac metrology using this synthesis method. We show that timing-related errors are sufficient to make this waveform synthesis approach impractical for RMS audio-frequency applications. The implications of providing the load current required by devices of low Input impedance, such as TVCs, are also discussed. C1 [Burroughs, Charles J., Jr.; Ruefenacht, Alain; Benz, Samuel P.; Dresselhaus, Paul D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Burroughs, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM burroughs@boulder.nist.gov NR 19 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 761 EP 767 DI 10.1109/TIM.2008.2007041 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 419VC UT WOS:000264246800005 ER PT J AU Houtzager, E Benz, SP van den Brom, HE AF Houtzager, Ernest Benz, Samuel P. van den Brom, Helko E. TI Operating Margins for a Pulse-Driven Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer Using a Ternary Bit-Stream Generator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO DE AC voltage standard; digital-to-analog conversion; Josephson arrays; signal synthesis; superconductor-normal-superconductor devices; voltage measurement ID VOLTAGE STANDARD; PRECISION-MEASUREMENTS; AC AB We describe measurements with a pulse-driven Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer (JAWS) that uses a ternary arbitrary bit-stream generator as the bias source. This system is designed to be used as an ac Josephson voltage standard. Front these measurements, we conclude that the system is operational for root-mean-square voltages of tip to 220 mV. We measured the operating margins for different voltages synthesized with different numbers of junctions, waveforms, and bias conditions. We also present results on the influence of the critical current on the operating margins. C1 [Houtzager, Ernest; van den Brom, Helko E.] NMi Van Swinden Lab, NL-2600 Delft, Netherlands. [Benz, Samuel P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Houtzager, E (reprint author), NMi Van Swinden Lab, NL-2600 Delft, Netherlands. EM ehoutzager@nmi.nl; samual.benz@nist.gov; hvdbrom@nmi.nl OI van den Brom, Helko/0000-0001-5796-3906 NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 775 EP 780 DI 10.1109/TIM.2008.2008471 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 419VC UT WOS:000264246800007 ER PT J AU Jeanneret, B Overney, F Callegaro, L Mortara, A Rufenacht, A AF Jeanneret, Blaise Overney, Frederic Callegaro, Luca Mortara, Alessandro Ruefenacht, Alain TI Josephson-Voltage-Standard-Locked Sine Wave Synthesizer: Margin Evaluation and Stability SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO DE AC measurements; Josephson devices; Josephson voltage standard; waveform synthesizer ID JUNCTION ARRAY AB This paper describes a Josephson-voltage-standard-locked synthesizer where a commercial digital-to-analog converter is used as a sine wave generator. The output amplitude of the generator is controlled by the calculable fundamental of the stepwise waveform generated by a SINIS Josephson junction array. Such a system combines the versatility of a commercial source with the stability and accuracy of the Josephson standard. By discarding the measurements performed during the transients, broad voltage steps of 1.7 mA were obtained tip to frequencies of 500 Hz. C1 [Jeanneret, Blaise; Overney, Frederic; Mortara, Alessandro] Swiss Fed Off Metrol METAS, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. [Callegaro, Luca] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol INRIM, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Ruefenacht, Alain] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jeanneret, B (reprint author), Swiss Fed Off Metrol METAS, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. EM blaise.jeanneret@metas.ch RI Callegaro, Luca/I-8496-2012; OI Callegaro, Luca/0000-0001-5997-9960 NR 16 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 791 EP 796 DI 10.1109/TIM.2008.2006963 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 419VC UT WOS:000264246800010 ER PT J AU Ruefenacht, A Burroughs, CJ Benz, SP Dresselhaus, PD Waltrip, BC Nelson, TL AF Ruefenacht, Alain Burroughs, Charles J., Jr. Benz, Samuel P. Dresselhaus, Paul D. Waltrip, Bryan C. Nelson, Tom L. TI Precision Differential Sampling Measurements of Low-Frequency Synthesized Sine Waves With an AC Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO DE Digital-analog conversion; Josephson arrays; power measurement; quantization; signal synthesis; standards; superconductor-normal-superconductor devices; voltage measurement ID WATTMETER; CONVERTER; JUNCTIONS; ARRAYS AB We have developed a precision technique to measure sine-wave sources with the use of a quantum-accurate ac programmable Josephson voltage standard. This paper describes a differential method that uses an integrating sampling voltmeter to precisely determine the amplitude and phase of high-purity and low-frequency (a few hundred hertz or less) sine-wave voltages. We have performed a variety of measurements to evaluate this differential technique. After averaging, the uncertainty obtained in the determination of the amplitude of a 1.2 V sine wave at 50 Hz is 0.3 mu V/V (type A). Finally, we propose a dual-waveform approach for measuring two precision sine waves with the use of a single Josephson system. Currently, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is developing a new calibration system for electrical power measurements based on this technique. C1 [Ruefenacht, Alain; Burroughs, Charles J., Jr.; Benz, Samuel P.; Dresselhaus, Paul D.; Waltrip, Bryan C.; Nelson, Tom L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rufenacht, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 809 EP 815 DI 10.1109/TIM.2008.2008087 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 419VC UT WOS:000264246800013 ER PT J AU Tang, YH Wood, BM Hamilton, CA AF Tang, Yi-hua Wood, Barry M. Hamilton, Clark A. TI A Two-Way Josephson Voltage Standard Comparison Between NIST and NRC SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO DE Automation; interlaboratory comparison; Josephson voltage standard (JVS); uncertainty; voltmeter AB A two-way Josephson voltage standard (JVS) direct comparison between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the National Research Council (NRC) has been conducted. The process consists of two comparisons: first, using the NRC JVS with the NRC's measuring system (hardware and software) to measure the 10 V provided by the NIST JVS and then using the NIST JVS measuring system to measure the 10 V provided by the NRC JVS. The results of the two comparisons are in agreement to within 0.7 nV, and their mean indicates that the difference between the two JVSs at 10 V is -0.28 nV, with a pooled combined uncertainty of 2.07 nV (k = 2) or a relative uncertainty of 2.1 parts in 10(10). C1 [Tang, Yi-hua] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wood, Barry M.] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Hamilton, Clark A.] VMetrix LLC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Tang, YH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yi-hua.tang@nist.gov NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 821 EP 826 DI 10.1109/TIM.2008.2006960 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 419VC UT WOS:000264246800015 ER PT J AU Benz, SP Dresselhaus, PD Rufenacht, A Bergren, NF Kinard, JR Landim, RP AF Benz, Samuel P. Dresselhaus, Paul D. Ruefenacht, Alain Bergren, Norman F. Kinard, Joseph R. Landim, Regis Pinheiro TI Progress Toward a 1 V Pulse-Driven AC Josephson Voltage Standard SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO DE Digital-analog conversion; Josephson arrays; quantization; signal synthesis; standards; superconductor-normal-superconductor devices; voltage measurement AB We present a new record root mean square (rms) output voltage of 275 mV, which is a 25% improvement over the maximum that is achieved with previous ac Josephson voltage standard (ACJVS) circuits. We demonstrate the operating margins for these circuits and use them to measure the harmonic distortion of a commercial digitizer. Having exceeded the threshold of 125 mV rms for a single array of Josephson junctions, we propose and discuss the features of an eight-array circuit that is capable of achieving 1 V rms. We investigate the use of a resistive divider to extend the ACJVS voltage accuracy to higher voltages. By the use of a switched-input measurement technique, an integrating sampling digital voltmeter, a resistive voltage divider, and ACJVS synthesized sine waves as reference voltages, we characterize the stability of a commercial calibration source for a few voltages up to 2.7 V. C1 [Benz, Samuel P.; Dresselhaus, Paul D.; Ruefenacht, Alain; Bergren, Norman F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kinard, Joseph R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Landim, Regis Pinheiro] Natl Inst Metrol Standardizat & Ind Qual Inmetro, BR-20261232 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Benz, SP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM samuel.benz@nist.gov; rplandim@inmetro.gov.br NR 11 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 838 EP 843 DI 10.1109/TIM.2008.2007019 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 419VC UT WOS:000264246800018 ER PT J AU Filipski, PS Kinard, JR Lipe, TE Tang, YH Benz, SP AF Filipski, Piotr S. Kinard, Joseph R. Lipe, Thomas E. Tang, Yi-Hua Benz, Samuel P. TI Correction of Systematic Errors Due to the Voltage Leads in an AC Josephson Voltage Standard SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO DE Josephson arrays; quantization; quantum-based standard; signal synthesis; standards; superconductor-normal-superconductor devices; voltage measurement ID DC TRANSFER-STANDARD AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has recently reported the first application of a quantum ac Josephson voltage standard for the calibration of thermal transfer standards In the 1- to 10-kHz frequency range. This paper describes preliminary work on extending its frequency calibration range up to 100 kHz by correcting the systematic errors due to voltage leads. A ground loop created by the de blocks, which is a previously unaccounted source of high-frequency systematic error, hits been identified, and its effects are partially mitigated. C1 [Filipski, Piotr S.] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Kinard, Joseph R.; Lipe, Thomas E.; Tang, Yi-Hua] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Benz, Samuel P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Filipski, PS (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. EM peter.filipski@nrc.ca NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 853 EP 858 DI 10.1109/TIM.2008.2008086 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 419VC UT WOS:000264246800021 ER PT J AU Scarioni, L Lipe, TE Kinard, JR AF Scarioni, Luciana Lipe, Thomas E. Kinard, Joseph R. TI Design and Fabrication of MJTCs on Quartz Substrates at NIST SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO DE Ac-dc difference; ac voltage; multijunction thermal converter (MJTC); quartz wafers; thermal voltage converter; voltage metrology ID MULTIJUNCTION THERMAL CONVERTERS; VOLTAGE CONVERTERS; FREQUENCY-RANGE; DIFFERENCE; MHZ AB Wet and dry etching is employed in the fabrication of new planar thin-film multijunction thermal converters (MJTCs) on quartz membranes and crystalline quartz chips at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The use of crystalline quartz as a material for the membrane and chip improves the performance of the MJTC in the frequency range of 100 kHz-100 MHz. Simulations of the ac-dc voltage transfer difference for a heater resistance of 400 0 in the frequency range of 1-100 MHz show a reduction in the ac-dc transfer difference of more than one order of magnitude, in comparison with the MJTCs fabricated on silicon chips. The devices that have been fabricated, although not optimized for 100 MHz, have been shown to have reasonable performance for their 20-V maximum input. C1 [Scarioni, Luciana] Univ Carabobo, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Fis, Valencia 2005, Venezuela. [Lipe, Thomas E.; Kinard, Joseph R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scarioni, L (reprint author), Univ Carabobo, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Fis, Valencia 2005, Venezuela. EM thomas.lipe@nist.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 868 EP 871 DI 10.1109/TIM.2009.2008596 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 419VC UT WOS:000264246800024 ER PT J AU Jabbour, Z Abbott, PJ Liu, RM Williams, E AF Jabbour, Zeina Abbott, Patrick J. Liu, Ruimin Williams, Edwin TI A Magnetic Levitation Technique for the Simultaneous Comparison of Mass Artifacts in Air and Vacuum SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO DE Kilogram; magnetic levitation; mass; vacuum ID SUSPENSION SYSTEMS; NONLINEAR CONTROL; KILOGRAM; CONSTANT; STANDARD; DENSITY; BALANCE AB We describe a mass comparison system in which a test mass artifact in air can directly be compared to a standard mass artifact in a vacuum using the same high-precision comparator balance. The system uses a magnetic levitation technique to couple the weighing pan of the comparator balance in a vacuum to the test mass in air. We will discuss motivation, design considerations, and preliminary results.(1) C1 [Jabbour, Zeina; Abbott, Patrick J.; Liu, Ruimin; Williams, Edwin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jabbour, Z (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM patrick.abbott@nist.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 878 EP 883 DI 10.1109/TIM.2008.2012382 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 419VC UT WOS:000264246800026 ER PT J AU Benz, SP Qu, JF Rogalla, H White, DR Dresselhaus, PD Tew, WL Nam, SW AF Benz, Samuel P. Qu, Jifeng Rogalla, Horst White, D. Rod Dresselhaus, Paul D. Tew, Weston L. Nam, Sae Woo TI Improvements in the NIST Johnson Noise Thermometry System SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO DE Boltzmann's equation; correlation; digital-analog conversion; Josephson arrays; measurement units; noise measurement; quantization; signal synthesis; standards; temperature ID THERMAL AGITATION; CALIBRATION; CONDUCTORS AB We have developed a Johnson noise thermometry (JNT) system that is calibrated by precision waveforms synthesized with a quantized voltage noise source (QVNS). Improvements to the QVNS and the cross-correlation measurement electronics have significantly reduced systematic errors and measurement uncertainty. We describe in detail a number of these improvements, such as amplifier performance and frequency response. We also show details of recent measurements that characterize the nonlinearities and distortion properties of the measurement electronics. Finally, we present an uncertainty analysis and discuss the potential for the QVNS-JNT technique to contribute to the redefinition of Boltzmann's constant. C1 [Benz, Samuel P.; Qu, Jifeng; Dresselhaus, Paul D.; Nam, Sae Woo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Rogalla, Horst] Univ Twente, Dept Appl Phys, NL-7500 Enschede, Netherlands. [White, D. Rod] Measurement Stand Lab, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. [Tew, Weston L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Benz, SP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM samuel.benz@nist.gov NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 884 EP 890 DI 10.1109/TIM.2008.2007027 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 419VC UT WOS:000264246800027 ER PT J AU Williams, ER Haddad, D Geneves, G Gournay, P Hauck, C Villar, F Steiner, RL Liu, R AF Williams, E. R. Haddad, D. Geneves, G. Gournay, P. Hauck, C. Villar, F. Steiner, R. L. Liu, R. TI Balance Pan Damping Using Rings of Tuned Sloshing Liquids SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO DE Damping control; vacuum control; watt balance; wave damping ID DAMPERS AB This paper describes a new method to damp out balance pan oscillations, even when the balance is operated in a vacuum. The key is to tune the wavelength of the damping liquid by adjusting the depth. The liquid is sealed in a vacuum-compatible container attached above the pan, and the time that the wave travels from one side of the container to the other can be adjusted for maximum damping at the natural pendulum frequencies of the pan. We are investigating the practical application of this damping approach in our respective watt-balance experiments. It is shown that the channels in the shape of rings filled with liquids to the optimum depth work well. C1 [Williams, E. R.; Haddad, D.; Steiner, R. L.; Liu, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Haddad, D.; Geneves, G.; Gournay, P.; Hauck, C.; Villar, F.] Lab Natl Metrol & Essais, F-78197 Trappes, France. EM edwin.williams@nist.gov; darine.haddad@nist.gov; gerard.geneves@lne.fr; pierre.gournay@lne.fr; christian.hauck@lne.fr; francois.villar@lne.fr; richard.steiner@nist.gov; ruimin.liu@nist.gov NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 949 EP 954 DI 10.1109/TIM.2008.2008463 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 419VC UT WOS:000264246800038 ER PT J AU Avramov-Zamurovic, S Lee, RD AF Avramov-Zamurovic, Svetlana Lee, Rae Duk TI A High-Stability Capacitance Sensor System and Its Evaluation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO DE Capacitance measurement; capacitance sensor; electric fleld simulation; humidity; temperature variations AB A new capacitance sensor system was developed with a microcontroller, commercial humidity and temperature sensors, a capacitance-to-digital converter, and a custom-built capacitance sensor. The performance of the system was evaluated by simulation and testing of the prototype. The impact of variations of ambient conditions on the system performance was analyzed, and a model for correcting the humidity and temperature influence wits developed. Based on the experimental results obtained in an uncontrolled environment using a standard capacitor of 1 pF, the 24-h stability of the system was estimated to be within 30 parts in 10(6). The high stability and sensitivity of the system allow its effective use in object-detection applications. Several sensors were constructed and evaluated while sensing various materials under different scenarios. C1 [Avramov-Zamurovic, Svetlana; Lee, Rae Duk] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Avramov-Zamurovic, Svetlana] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Avramov-Zamurovic, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM avramov@usna.edu; rdlee@nist.gov NR 14 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 955 EP 961 DI 10.1109/TIM.2008.2007039 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 419VC UT WOS:000264246800039 ER PT J AU Haddad, D Junear, P Geneves, G Wakim, M AF Haddad, Darine Junear, Patrick Geneves, Gerard Wakim, Marwan TI Gaussian Beams and Spatial Modulation in Nanopositioning SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO DE Gatissian beams; position control; position measurement; spatial light modulators; synchronous detection ID WATT BALANCE; SENSOR; RESOLUTION; CONSTANT AB The kilogram is the last base unit of the Systeme International d'Unites (SI) that is still defined by an artifact. The watt-balance experiment is one of the promising methods that can produce a new definition of the kilogram based on fundamental constants. In this experiment, to compare an electromagnetic force and a gravitational force with a relative uncertainty of 10(-9) by means of a beam balance, an absolute position sensor with nanometric resolution is needed. A novel method in position sensing based on the Gaussian beam propagation properties and their spatial modulation is presented. Two modulated and collimated Gaussian beams are focused into a slit. The slit is fixed to the object to be positioned. The resulting beams at the slit illuminate a photodetector whose signal is demodulated by a lock-in amplifier. The lock-in amplifier output signal is a function of the slit position with respect to the two modulated Gaussian beams. A resolution of 25 pm/(Hz)(1/2) can be achieved. The long-term stability is 3.5 pm over 2 h and 20 min. C1 [Haddad, Darine; Geneves, Gerard; Wakim, Marwan] Lab Natl Metrol & Essais, F-78197 Trappes, France. [Junear, Patrick] Conservat Natl Arts & Metiers, F-93210 La Plaine St Denis, France. RP Haddad, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM darine.haddad@nist.gov; juncar@cnam.fr; gerard.geneves@lne.fr; marwan.wakim@lne.fr NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 1003 EP 1009 DI 10.1109/TIM.2008.2008475 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 419VC UT WOS:000264246800047 ER PT J AU Waltrip, BC Gong, B Nelson, TL Wang, YC Burroughs, CJ Rufenacht, A Benz, SP Dresselhaus, PD AF Waltrip, Bryan C. Gong, Bo Nelson, Thomas L. Wang, Yicheng Burroughs, Charles J., Jr. Ruefenacht, Alain Benz, Samuel P. Dresselhaus, Paul D. TI AC Power Standard Using a Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO DE Analog-digital conversion; current measurement; digital-analog conversion; Josephson arrays; permuting capacitance; power measurement; quantization; signal synthesis; voltage measurement ID CAPACITANCE BRIDGE AB This paper describes the implementation of a new quantum-based system for the generation of 120 V RMS, 5 A RMS, sinusoidal, active, and reactive power over the 50 to 400 Hz frequency range. The system accurately relates the spectral amplitudes and phases of the voltage and current waveforms of the generated power to a programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) by using a novel differential sampling technique. The system also employs a new voltage amplifier that performs self-calibration and corrections of the gain and phase errors. Details of the system design, measurement techniques, and significant sources of error are presented. C1 [Waltrip, Bryan C.; Gong, Bo; Nelson, Thomas L.; Wang, Yicheng] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Burroughs, Charles J., Jr.; Ruefenacht, Alain; Benz, Samuel P.; Dresselhaus, Paul D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Waltrip, BC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryan.waltrip@nist.gov; thomas.nelson@nist.gov NR 11 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 1041 EP 1048 DI 10.1109/TIM.2008.2011097 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 419VC UT WOS:000264246800053 ER PT J AU Gu, DZ Walker, DK Randa, J AF Gu, Dazhen Walker, David K. Randa, James TI Variable Termination Unit for Noise-Parameter Measurement SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO DE Amplifier noise parameters; noise measurement; source pull technique; uncertainty analysis ID AMPLIFIER; NIST AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has upgraded its capability to measure noise parameters on low-noise amplifiers with a variable termination unit (VTU) in the frequency range of 1-12.4 GHz. Such a unit allows improved time efficiency and accuracy in the noise-temperature measurements used to de-embed the noise parameters of amplifiers. We present the design and characterization of the VTU. The measured results of one particular amplifier at integer frequencies ranging from 8 to 1.2 GHz show satisfactory accuracy. The VTU method is also validated by comparison with the results from the manual method. C1 [Gu, Dazhen; Walker, David K.; Randa, James] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Randa, James] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gu, DZ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dazhen.gu@boulder.nist.gov RI Gu, Dazhen/B-4854-2012 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 1072 EP 1077 DI 10.1109/TIM.2008.2007055 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 419VC UT WOS:000264246800058 ER PT J AU Randa, J AF Randa, James TI Uncertainty Analysis for Noise-Parameter Measurements at NIST SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO DE Amplifier noise; measurement uncertainty; Monte Carlo (MC); noise figure; noise measurement; noise parameters; transistor noise; uncertainty AB An uncertainty analysis is presented for the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) measurements of the noise parameters of amplifiers and transistors in both connectorized (coaxial) and on-wafer environments. We treat both the X-parameters, which are based on the wave representation of the noise correlation matrix, and the traditional IEEE noise parameters. The type A uncertainties are obtained from the fit that computes the noise parameters from an overdetermined system of equations, and the type B uncertainties are computed by a Monte Carlo program. Some complications that are explicitly discussed include the effect of an output atternuator or probe, physical bounds, and the occurrence of unphysical results. Some sample results are given. C1 [Randa, James] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Randa, James] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Randa, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM randa@boulder.nist.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 1146 EP 1151 DI 10.1109/TIM.2008.2007044 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 419VC UT WOS:000264246800070 ER PT J AU Bierzychudek, ME Elmquist, RE AF Bierzychudek, M. E. Elmquist, R. E. TI Uncertainty Evaluation in a Two-Terminal Cryogenic Current Comparator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO DE Current comparators; noise; resistance measurement; superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs); uncertainty ID HALL-EFFECT DEVICES; M-OMEGA; RESISTANCE; SERIES AB We present an uncertainty evaluation of a new cryogenic current comparator (CCC) bridge that is designed to compare two-terminal 1 and 10 M Omega standard resistors with the quantized Hall resistance (QHR) and scale from these decade values to other decade values between 10 k Omega and 1 G Omega. Use of the bridge over a wide range of resistance values results in a spectrum of dominant contributions to the uncertainty budget, and this analysis helps determine the optimum parameters of the measurements. Our theoretical analysis is compared with experimental data. C1 [Bierzychudek, M. E.] Inst Nacl Tecnol Ind, Div Elect, Quantum Stand Lab, San Martin, Argentina. [Elmquist, R. E.] NIST, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bierzychudek, ME (reprint author), Inst Nacl Tecnol Ind, Div Elect, Quantum Stand Lab, B1650KNA, San Martin, Argentina. EM marcosb@inti.gov.ar; elmquist@nist.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 1170 EP 1175 DI 10.1109/TIM.2008.2006967 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 419VC UT WOS:000264246800074 ER PT J AU Jarrett, DG Elmquist, RE Zhang, NF Tonina, A Porfiri, M Fernandes, JD Schechter, H Izquierdo, D Faverio, C Slomovitz, D Inglis, D Wendler, K Marquez, FH Medina, BR AF Jarrett, Dean G. Elmquist, R. E. Zhang, Nien Fan Tonina, Alejandra Porfiri, Marta Fernandes, Janice de Brito Schechter, Helio Izquierdo, Daniel Faverio, Carlos Slomovitz, Daniel Inglis, Dave Wendler, Kai Marquez, Felipe Hernandez Medina, Benjamin Rodriguez TI SIM Comparison of DC Resistance Standards at 1 Omega, 1 M Omega, and 1 G Omega SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO DE Measurement; resistors; standards; statistics; uncertainty AB A set of regional comparisons of the dc resistance standards at the nominal values of 1 Omega, 1 M Omega, and 1 G Omega has recently been completed in the Sistema Interamericano de Metrogia (SIM) region. The motivation, design, standards, and results of these regional comparisons are reported. The resistance standards were characterized for drift rate, temperature coefficient, pressure coefficient, and voltage coefficient so that the participants would be able to measure the transport standards using procedures routinely used in their calibration services. Data that show the transport behavior of several standards are also presented. The pilot and participant laboratory data sets were used to determine a linear regression for each transport standard. The comparison reference values (CRVs) are reported, and each participant's difference from the CRV at each nominal value is reported at 1 Omega, 1 M Omega, and 1 G Omega. The linking of the regional comparison results at 1 Omega and 1 G Omega to bilateral and key comparison results is also reported. Degrees of equivalence for nonlinking SIM laboratories are reported with respect to key CRVs. C1 [Jarrett, Dean G.; Elmquist, R. E.; Zhang, Nien Fan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tonina, Alejandra; Porfiri, Marta] Inst Nacl Technol Ind, San Martin, Argentina. [Fernandes, Janice de Brito; Schechter, Helio] Natl Inst Metrol Standardizat & Ind Qual, BR-25250020 Duque De Caxias, Brazil. [Izquierdo, Daniel; Faverio, Carlos; Slomovitz, Daniel] UTE, Adm Nacl, Montevideo 2385, Uruguay. [Inglis, Dave; Wendler, Kai] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Marquez, Felipe Hernandez; Medina, Benjamin Rodriguez] Ctr Nacl Metrol, Queretaro 76241, Mexico. RP Jarrett, DG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dean.jarrett@nist.gov; atonina@inti.gov.ar; jbfernandes@inmetro.gov.br; DIzquierdo@ute.com.uy; dave.inglis@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca; fhernand@cenam.mx NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 1188 EP 1195 DI 10.1109/TIM.2008.2008582 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 419VC UT WOS:000264246800077 ER PT J AU Shirley, JH Heavner, TP Jefferts, SR AF Shirley, Jon H. Heavner, Thomas P. Jefferts, Steven R. TI First-Order Sideband Pulling in Atomic Frequency Standards SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO DE Atomic clock; cesium fountain; primary frequency standard ID ACCURACY EVALUATION; POWER DEPENDENCE; NIST-F1 AB Many high-performance atomic frequency standards, including cesium fountains and most optical standards, operate with pulsed measurements, that is, an atomic sample is prepared for measurement, the measurement is made, and the process is repeated at fixed intervals. By introducing frequency modulation of the excitation coherent with the measurement cycle time, we have observed biases in our primary frequency standard NIST-F1 that are much larger than the biases predicted by previous theories. We derive a theory of such biases for both Rabi and Ramsey excitations. We find agreement with the experimental measurements. C1 [Shirley, Jon H.; Heavner, Thomas P.; Jefferts, Steven R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shirley, JH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jefferts@boulder.nist.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 1241 EP 1246 DI 10.1109/TIM.2008.2008590 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 419VC UT WOS:000264246800086 ER PT J AU Li, XM Chen, HH Qian, Y Rong, B Soleymani, MR AF Li, Xiangming Chen, Hsiao-Hwa Qian, Yi Rong, Bo Soleymani, Mohammad Reza TI Welch Bound Analysis on Generic Code Division Multiple Access Codes with Interference Free Windows SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Multiple access; CDMA; Welch bound; complementary sequences; interference free window ID CDMA SYSTEMS; SEQUENCES; CANCELLATION; EQUALIZATION AB Code-division multiple access (CDMA) technology has been applied to many wireless communication systems. CDMA system suffers from both multiple access interference (MAI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI) over a multipath channel. To suppress MAI and ISI, this paper proposes the spreading codes with interference free windows. In particular, we will develop several upper bounds on the efficiency of generalized spreading codes; (for both unitary and complementary codes) in terms of the width of their interference Free windows. C1 [Li, Xiangming] Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Informat & Elect Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chen, Hsiao-Hwa] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Engn Sci, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Qian, Yi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rong, Bo] Univ Quebec, Dept Elect Engn, Ecole Technol Super, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Soleymani, Mohammad Reza] Concordia Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Li, XM (reprint author), Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Informat & Elect Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM xmli@bit.edu.cn; hshwchen@ieee.org; yqian@nist.gov; bo.rong@ieee.org; msoleyma@ece.concordia.ca NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1276 J9 IEEE T WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. PD APR PY 2009 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1603 EP 1607 DI 10.1109/TWC.2009.070470 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 435WD UT WOS:000265373100004 ER PT J AU Lee, S Kim, K Hong, K Griffith, D Kim, YH Golmie, N AF Lee, SuKyoung Kim, Kyungsoo Hong, Kunho Griffith, David Kim, Yoon Hyuk Golmie, Nada TI A Probabilistic Call Admission Control Algorithm for WLAN in Heterogeneous Wireless Environment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE CAC; DVHO; UVHO; heterogeneous wireless networks ID CELLULAR/WLAN INTERWORKING; PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AB In an integrated WLAN and cellular network, if all mobile users whose connections originate in the cellular network migrate to the WLAN whenever they enter the double coverage area, the WLAN will be severely congested and its users will suffer from performance degradation. Therefore, we propose a Call Admission Control (CAC) algorithm that allows the WLAN to limit downward Vertical Handovers (VHOs) from the cellular network to reduce unnecessary VHO processing. Numerical and simulation results demonstrate that our CAC scheme reduces the unnecessary VHO processing while keeping the DVHO blocking rate within acceptable limits and maintaining reasonable throughput in the WLAN. C1 [Lee, SuKyoung; Hong, Kunho] Yonsei Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Kim, Kyungsoo] Kyonggi Univ, Dept Math, Suwon, South Korea. [Griffith, David; Golmie, Nada] NIST, ANTD, Emerging & Mobile Network Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Yoon Hyuk] Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Adv Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Yongin, South Korea. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM sklee@cs.yonsei.ac.kr FU MKE/IITA, Korea [2007-F-038-02, IITA-2008-C1090-0803-0002]; Information Technology Research Center (ITRC); NIST/Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) FX This work was supported in part by the IT R&D program of MKE/IITA [2007-F-038-02, Fundamental Technologies for the Future Internet] and Information Technology Research Center (ITRC) support program supervised by the MKE/IITA (IITA-2008-C1090-0803-0002), Korea. It was also supported in part by the NIST/Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES). NR 8 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1276 J9 IEEE T WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. PD APR PY 2009 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1672 EP 1676 DI 10.1109/TWC.2009.080977 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 435WD UT WOS:000265373100017 ER PT J AU Cahn, JW Mishin, Y AF Cahn, John W. Mishin, Yuri TI Recrystallization initiated by low-temperature grain boundary motion coupled to stress SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Coupled motion; Grain boundary; Recrystallization; Grain growth; Stress ID ALUMINUM BICRYSTALS; IN-SITU; SHEAR DEFORMATION; NUCLEATION; MIGRATION; METALS; MECHANISMS; ROTATION; GROWTH; TRANSMISSION AB We propose a new mechanism of recrystallization of cold-deformed metals. During the cold deformation, some of the high-an-le grain boundaries are moved by the applied stresses, producing low-curvature bulges and leaving almost defect-free regions behind. The driving force for this motion is very high and can be comparable to the yield stress of the material. Upon subsequent heating without applied stresses, such moved boundaries can continue to move without encountering an energy barrier (which is typical of most nucleation models) under the much smaller driving force arising from the stored energy difference across the boundary. C1 [Mishin, Yuri] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cahn, John W.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cahn, John W.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mishin, Y (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Phys, MSN 3F3,4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ymishin@emtt.edu RI Mishin, Yuri/P-2020-2015 FU US Department of Energy. Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX We are grateful to V. Ivanov for helpful discussions. Y. M. acknowledges support of the US Department of Energy. Office of Basic Energy Sciences. J. W. C. acknowledges the support of NIST for travel. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 24 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 1862-5282 J9 INT J MATER RES JI Int. J. Mater. Res. PD APR PY 2009 VL 100 IS 4 BP 510 EP 515 DI 10.3139/146.110066 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 437LH UT WOS:000265488500007 ER PT J AU Sengers, JV Perkins, RA Huber, ML Friend, DG AF Sengers, J. V. Perkins, R. A. Huber, M. L. Friend, D. G. TI Viscosity of H2O in the Critical Region SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Properties of Water and Steam CY SEP, 2008 CL Berlin, GERMANY DE Critical dynamics; Critical region; H2O; Steam; Viscosity; Water ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; WATER SUBSTANCE; CRITICAL-POINT; FLUIDS; BEHAVIOR; RENORMALIZATION; CROSSOVER AB It has been well established that thermodynamic and transport properties of fluids exhibit singular behavior near the critical point. In this article, the theoretical predictions for the enhancement of the viscosity near the critical point are reviewed. It is then shown how these predictions can be used to obtain a representative equation for the viscosity of H2O in the critical region. C1 [Sengers, J. V.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sengers, J. V.; Perkins, R. A.; Huber, M. L.; Friend, D. G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sengers, JV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM sengers@umd.edu; perkins@boulder.nist.gov OI Perkins, Richard/0000-0002-8526-6742 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD APR PY 2009 VL 30 IS 2 BP 374 EP 384 DI 10.1007/s10765-008-0551-5 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 428JE UT WOS:000264843000001 ER PT J AU Gnaupel-Herold, T AF Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas TI Formalism for the determination of intermediate stress gradients using X-ray diffraction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID FIELDS; CUP AB A method is outlined that allows the determination of one-dimensional stress gradients at length scales greater than 0.2 mm. By using standard four-circle X-ray diffractometer equipment and simple aperture components, length resolutions down to 0.05 mm in one direction can be achieved through constant orientation of a narrow, line-shaped beam spot. Angle calculations are given for the adjustment of goniometer angles, and for the effective azimuth and tilt of the scattering vector for general angle settings in a four-circle goniometer. The latter is necessary for the computation of stresses from lattice strain measurements. C1 [Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gnaupel-Herold, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM tg-h@nist.gov OI Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2009 VL 42 BP 192 EP 197 DI 10.1107/S0021889809004300 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 420MB UT WOS:000264292800007 ER PT J AU Alsmadi, AM Alyones, S Mielke, CH McDonald, RD Zapf, V Altarawneh, MM Lacerda, A Chang, S Adak, S Kothapalli, K Nakotte, H AF Alsmadi, A. M. Alyones, S. Mielke, C. H. McDonald, R. D. Zapf, V. Altarawneh, M. M. Lacerda, A. Chang, S. Adak, S. Kothapalli, K. Nakotte, H. TI Complex conductivity of UTX compounds in high magnetic fields SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 11-14, 2008 CL Austin, TX SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; UNIGE; PRESSURE AB We have performed rf-skin depth (complex-conductivity) and magnetoresistance measurements of antiferromagnetic UTX compounds (T=Ni and X=Al, Ga, Ge) in applied magnetic fields up to 60 T applied parallel to the easy directions. The rf penetration depth was measured by coupling the sample to the inductive element of a resonant tank circuit and then, measuring the shifts in the resonant frequency Delta f of the circuit. Shifts in the resonant frequency Delta f are known to be proportional to the skin depth of the sample and we find a direct correspondence between the features in Delta f and magnetoresistance. Several first-order metamagnetic transitions, which are accompanied by a drastic change in Delta f, were observed in these compounds. In general, the complex-conductivity results are consistent with magnetoresistance data. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3063068] C1 [Alsmadi, A. M.; Alyones, S.] Hashemite Univ, Dept Phys, Zarqa 13115, Jordan. [Mielke, C. H.; McDonald, R. D.; Zapf, V.; Altarawneh, M. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Pulsed Field Facil, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chang, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Adak, S.; Kothapalli, K.; Nakotte, H.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Alsmadi, AM (reprint author), Hashemite Univ, Dept Phys, Zarqa 13115, Jordan. EM alsmadi_abd@yahoo.com RI Adak, Sourav /G-3080-2010; McDonald, Ross/H-3783-2013; Zapf, Vivien/K-5645-2013; OI McDonald, Ross/0000-0002-0188-1087; Zapf, Vivien/0000-0002-8375-4515; Mcdonald, Ross/0000-0002-5819-4739 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 7 AR 07E108 DI 10.1063/1.3063068 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 453SX UT WOS:000266633500639 ER PT J AU Chaudhury, RP Lorenz, B Wang, YQ Sun, YY Chu, CW Ye, F Fernandez-Baca, J Mook, H Lynn, J AF Chaudhury, R. P. Lorenz, B. Wang, Y. Q. Sun, Y. Y. Chu, C. W. Ye, F. Fernandez-Baca, J. Mook, H. Lynn, J. TI Re-entrant spiral magnetic order and ferroelectricity in Mn(1-x)FexWO(4) (x=0.035) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 11-14, 2008 CL Austin, TX SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc AB We report the observation of a re-entrant spiral (noncollinear) magnetic order and ferroelectricity below 6 K in Mn0.965Fe0.035WO4 under applied magnetic fields above 3.6 T. At zero field, this compound shows a transition into the spiral magnetic and ferroelectric phase at 12 K, and it becomes paraelectric at 10.5 K with the entrance into the commensurate magnetic phase, which is the ground state at H=0. Under magnetic field above 3.6 T, however, the spiral magnetic phases with a larger FE polarization reappears below 6 K. The re-entrant magnetic/ferroelectric phase behavior is further studied by single crystal neutron scattering and the H-T phase diagram is completely resolved from neutron, dielectric constant, polarization, and magnetic measurements. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3079865] C1 [Chaudhury, R. P.; Lorenz, B.; Wang, Y. Q.; Sun, Y. Y.; Chu, C. W.] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Chaudhury, R. P.; Lorenz, B.; Wang, Y. Q.; Sun, Y. Y.; Chu, C. W.] Univ Houston, TCSUH, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Chu, C. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chu, C. W.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Ye, F.; Fernandez-Baca, J.; Mook, H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lynn, J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chaudhury, RP (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM rajit.chaudhury@mail.uh.edu RI Ye, Feng/B-3210-2010 OI Ye, Feng/0000-0001-7477-4648 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 7 AR 07D913 DI 10.1063/1.3079865 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 453SX UT WOS:000266633500625 ER PT J AU Edelstein, AS Burnette, JE Fischer, GA Olver, K Egelhoff, W Nowak, E Cheng, SF AF Edelstein, A. S. Burnette, J. E. Fischer, G. A. Olver, K. Egelhoff, Wm., Jr. Nowak, E. Cheng, Shu-Fan TI Validation of the microelectromechanical system flux concentrator concept for minimizing the effect of 1/f noise SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 11-14, 2008 CL Austin, TX SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; MAGNETOMETER AB With the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) flux concentrator, we have been able to increase the operating frequency of small magnetic sensors above the region where 1/f noise dominates. The device accomplished this by modulating the field via the oscillatory motion of flux concentrators on MEMS flaps. Electrostatic comb drives were used to drive the MEMS flaps. We have demonstrated an increase in the signal to noise ratio at 1 Hz, that the power signal correctly depends on V(4) where V is the amplitude of the voltage energizing the comb drives, and that the signal increases dramatically with vacuum packaging. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3076497] C1 [Edelstein, A. S.; Burnette, J. E.; Fischer, G. A.; Olver, K.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Egelhoff, Wm., Jr.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nowak, E.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Cheng, Shu-Fan] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Edelstein, AS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM edelstein@arl.army.mil NR 14 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 7 AR 07E720 DI 10.1063/1.3076497 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 453SX UT WOS:000266633500722 ER PT J AU Kirby, BJ Kan, D Luykx, A Murakami, M Kundaliya, D Takeuchi, I AF Kirby, B. J. Kan, D. Luykx, A. Murakami, M. Kundaliya, D. Takeuchi, I. TI Anomalous ferromagnetism in TbMnO3 thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 11-14, 2008 CL Austin, TX SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc AB Magnetometry, x-ray, and neutron scattering have been used to study the structural and magnetic properties of a TbMnO3 thin film grown on a [001] SrTiO3 substrate by pulsed laser deposition. Although bulk TbMnO3 is a low temperature antiferromagnet, magnetometry measurements indicate the presence of low temperature ferromagnetism. Depth profiling by x-ray and polarized neutron reflectometry reveals a net sample magnetization that is commensurate with the film thickness, indicating that the observed ferromagnetism is not due to an altered surface phase (such as Mn3O4), or external impurities that might give rise to an artificial magnetic signal. Instead, these results show that the ferromagnetism is an intrinsic property of the TbMnO3 film. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3072076] C1 [Kirby, B. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kan, D.; Luykx, A.; Murakami, M.; Kundaliya, D.; Takeuchi, I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kirby, BJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.kirby@nist.gov RI Kan, Daisuke/G-3550-2010 OI Kan, Daisuke/0000-0002-7505-0059 NR 14 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 7 AR 07D917 DI 10.1063/1.3072076 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 453SX UT WOS:000266633500629 ER PT J AU Kirby, BJ Watson, SM Davies, JE Zimanyi, GT Liu, K Shull, RD Borchers, JA AF Kirby, B. J. Watson, S. M. Davies, J. E. Zimanyi, G. T. Liu, Kai Shull, R. D. Borchers, J. A. TI Direct observation of magnetic gradient in Co/Pd pressure-graded media SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 11-14, 2008 CL Austin, TX SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID SCATTERING; FILMS AB Magnetometry and neutron scattering have been used to study the magnetic properties of pressure-graded Co/Pd multilayers. The grading of the multilayer structure was done by varying the deposition pressure during sputtering of the samples. Magnetic depth profiling by polarized neutron reflectometry directly shows that for pressure-graded samples, the magnetization changes significantly from one pressure region to the next, while control samples sputtered at uniform pressure exhibit essentially uniform magnetic depth profiles. Complementary magnetometry results suggest that the observed graded magnetic profiles are due in part to a decrease in saturation magnetization for regions deposited at progressively higher pressure. Increased deposition pressure is shown to increase coercivity, and for graded samples, the absence of discrete steps in the hysteresis loops implies exchange coupling among regions deposited at different pressures. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3077224] C1 [Kirby, B. J.; Watson, S. M.; Borchers, J. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davies, J. E.; Shull, R. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zimanyi, G. T.; Liu, Kai] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kirby, BJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.kirby@nist.gov RI Davies, Joseph/C-4384-2008; Liu, Kai/B-1163-2008; Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013 OI Davies, Joseph/0000-0001-5727-2371; Liu, Kai/0000-0001-9413-6782; NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 7 AR 07C929 DI 10.1063/1.3077224 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 453SX UT WOS:000266633500489 ER PT J AU Kothapalli, K Nasreen, F Peterson, J Nakotte, H El-Khatib, S Vogel, SC Llobet, A Reiche, H Swainson, I Bruck, E AF Kothapalli, Karunakar Nasreen, Farzana Peterson, Joe Nakotte, Heinz El-Khatib, Sami Vogel, Sven C. Llobet, Anna Reiche, Helmut Swainson, Ian Bruck, Ekkehard TI Effect of temperature on hybridization and magnetism in UPdSn and UCuSn SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 11-14, 2008 CL Austin, TX SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc AB We measured the temperature dependence of the structural parameters and the occurrence of magnetism in UPdSn and UCuSn using neutron diffraction. The data were taken in an effort to understand the role of hybridization effects for the development of the uranium magnetic moment and the occurrence of long-range magnetic order in these two compounds. The shortest U-U distance provides a measure of delocalization due to direct 5f-5f overlap, while the U-Pd (or U-Cu, respectively) and U-Sn distances give a measure of the effects of 5f-ligand hybridization. Using Rietveld refinement of our neutron diffraction data, we determined the shortest interatomic distances for temperatures between 15 K and room temperature. The changes in the interatomic distances cause changes in the hybridization effects, which in turn leads to the formation of a magnetic ground state for both compounds. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3073944] C1 [Kothapalli, Karunakar; Nasreen, Farzana; Peterson, Joe; Nakotte, Heinz] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA. [El-Khatib, Sami] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vogel, Sven C.; Llobet, Anna; Reiche, Helmut] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Swainson, Ian] Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Bruck, Ekkehard] Univ Amsterdam, Van der Waals Zeeman Inst, NL-1018 XE Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Nakotte, H (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA. EM hnakotte@nmsu.edu RI Llobet, Anna/B-1672-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Bruck, Ekkes/E-3365-2014; OI Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 7 AR 07E121 DI 10.1063/1.3073944 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 453SX UT WOS:000266633500652 ER PT J AU Krycka, KL Maranville, BB Borchers, JA Castano, FJ Ng, BG Perkinson, JC Ross, CA AF Krycka, K. L. Maranville, B. B. Borchers, J. A. Castano, F. J. Ng, B. G. Perkinson, J. C. Ross, C. A. TI Magnetic domain formation within patterned NiFe/Cu/Co ellipses SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 11-14, 2008 CL Austin, TX SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID MULTILAYERS AB Neutron reflectometry was used to study the formation and evolution of magnetic domains within a patterned array of NiFe/Cu/Co ellipses. The measurements directly show that domains form upon relaxation away from hard axis magnetic saturation, and their size and shape distributions are invariant throughout the process. Modeling of the data demonstrates that uniform magnetic domains are commensurate with the ellipse structure, but are approximately 75 nm smaller in radius. Together these findings suggest that there is one magnetic domain per nanoparticle whose constituent moments rotate collectively as the field is varied. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3073662] C1 [Krycka, K. L.; Maranville, B. B.; Borchers, J. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Castano, F. J.; Ng, B. G.; Perkinson, J. C.; Ross, C. A.] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Krycka, KL (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kathryn.krycka@nist.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 7 AR 07C120 DI 10.1063/1.3073662 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 453SX UT WOS:000266633500403 ER PT J AU Li, B Zhao, Q Huang, H Luo, ZQ Kang, MK Im, JH Allen, RA Cresswell, MW Huang, R Ho, PS AF Li, Bin Zhao, Qiu Huang, Huai Luo, Zhiquan Kang, Min K. Im, Jang-Hi Allen, Richard A. Cresswell, Michael W. Huang, Rui Ho, Paul S. TI Indentation of single-crystal silicon nanolines: Buckling and contact friction at nanoscales SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NANOWIRE DEVICES; FABRICATION; STRENGTH AB High-quality single-crystal silicon nanolines (SiNLs) with a 24 nm linewidth and a height/width aspect ratio of 15 were fabricated. The mechanical properties of the SiNLs were characterized by nanoindentation tests with an atomic force microscope. The indentation load-displacement curves showed an instability with large displacement bursts at a critical load ranging from 9 to 30 mu N. This phenomenon was attributed to a transition of the buckling mode of the SiNLs under indentation, which occurred preceding the final fracture of the nanolines. The mechanics of SiNLs under indentation was analyzed by finite element simulations, which revealed two different buckling modes depending on the contact friction at the nanoscale. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3103251] C1 [Li, Bin; Zhao, Qiu; Huang, Huai; Luo, Zhiquan; Im, Jang-Hi; Ho, Paul S.] Univ Texas Austin, Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Kang, Min K.; Huang, Rui] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Allen, Richard A.; Cresswell, Michael W.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, B (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Microelect Res Ctr, Bldg 160,10100 Burnet Rd, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM paulho@mail.utexas.edu RI Huang, Rui/B-1627-2008 OI Huang, Rui/0000-0003-0328-3862 FU National Science Foundation [0335765, CMMI0654105] FX The authors thank Dr. Li Shi for helpful discussions on the fabrication process development. The work was performed in part at the Microelectronics Research Center of the University of Texas at Austin, a member of the National Nanofabrication Infrastructure Network supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0335765. M. K. K. and R. H. are grateful for the financial support by the National Science Foundation through Grant No. CMMI0654105. We are also grateful to the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs for supporting this work. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 7 AR 073510 DI 10.1063/1.3103251 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 453SX UT WOS:000266633500020 ER PT J AU Pong, PWT Schrag, B Shapiro, AJ McMichael, RD Egelhoff, WF AF Pong, Philip W. T. Schrag, B. Shapiro, A. J. McMichael, R. D. Egelhoff, W. F., Jr. TI Hysteresis loop collapse for linear response in magnetic-tunnel-junction sensors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 11-14, 2008 CL Austin, TX SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc AB In our Al2O3 magnetic-tunnel junction (MTJ) samples that have a Neel coupling equal to or larger than their easy-axis coercivities, we found that the hysteresis loop totally collapses into a near-linear response upon rotating the easy axis of the sample off the applied field axis. A very high magnetic field sensitivity of 138%/mT (13.8%/ Oe), which is among the highest reported so far, with near-linear response, was exhibited by Al2O3 MTJs using this loop collapsing technique. This phenomenon can be explained by the switching astroid curve. In order to make this technique applicable in an actual sensor, we devised a two-step procedure whereby both easy-axis and hard-axis fields are used to accomplish the same loop collapsing effect as rotation. These result is one of the best combinations of saturation field and tunneling magnetoresistance ever achieved for MTJs, in addition to the linear nonhysteretic response at zero field that is so important for magnetic sensors. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3076624] C1 [Pong, Philip W. T.] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Schrag, B.] Micro Magnet Inc, Fall River, MA 02720 USA. [Shapiro, A. J.; McMichael, R. D.; Egelhoff, W. F., Jr.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pong, PWT (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM ppong@eee.hku.hk RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 7 AR 07E723 DI 10.1063/1.3076624 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 453SX UT WOS:000266633500725 ER PT J AU Pong, PWT Egelhoff, WF AF Pong, Philip W. T. Egelhoff, William F. TI Enhancement of tunneling magnetoresistance by optimization of capping layer thicknesses in CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 11-14, 2008 CL Austin, TX SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; BARRIER; RESISTANCE AB The main focus of improving the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) has been on optimizing the structure and thickness of the MgO barrier layer [Moriyama et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 222503 (2006); Yuasa et al., Nat. Mater. 3, 868 (2004)]. However, in this paper, we found that the thicknesses of the capping layers also play an important role in TMR. We studied the influence of the capping layers above the CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB. It was intuitively believed that these capping layers did not affect the TMR because they were deposited after the critical CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB structure. Surprisingly, we found that the thicknesses of the capping Ta and Ru layers have significant influence on the TMR. The stress or strain applied onto the MgO barrier by these capping layers appear to be responsible. The results in this paper shed light on optimizing TMR of MgO MTJs. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3063664] C1 [Pong, Philip W. T.] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Egelhoff, William F.] NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pong, PWT (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM ppong@eee.hku.hk NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 7 AR 07C915 DI 10.1063/1.3063664 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 453SX UT WOS:000266633500475 ER PT J AU Singh, V Seehra, MS Bonevich, J AF Singh, V. Seehra, M. S. Bonevich, J. TI ac susceptibility studies of magnetic relaxation in nanoparticles of Ni dispersed in silica SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 11-14, 2008 CL Austin, TX SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID SPIN-GLASSES; DEPENDENCE; PARTICLES; DYNAMICS AB Temperature dependence of ac susceptibilities chi' and chi '' are reported using frequencies f(m)=0.1, 1, 99, 499, and 997 Hz for nanoparticles of Ni dispersed in silica (Ni/SiO(2):15/85) with the mean sizes D=3.8, 11.7, 15, and 21 nm (sigma similar or equal to 0.2 nm), as determined by transmission electron microscopy. The blocking temperatures T(B), as determined by peaks in chi '' versus T data, are fit to the Vogel-Fulcher law based on the following equation: T(B)=T(o)+T(a)/ln(f(o)/f(m)). Using the attempt frequency f(o)=1.82 x 10(10) Hz, T(a) (K) = 310 (21), 954(17), 1334(14), and 1405(47) are determined for D=3.8, 11.7, 15, and 21 nm, respectively, along with T(o)u (representing the interparticle interaction) = 0, 0, 6.6(0.7), and 12.5(2.5) K respectively. The magnitudes of T(a)=K(a)V/k yield the anisotropy constant K(a) increasing with decreasing D (or volume V) due to contributions from surface anisotropy. The validity of the theoretical result chi '' = C partial derivative(chi'/T)/partial derivative T with C similar or equal to pi/[2 ln(f(o)/2 pi f(m))] is checked and the calculated values of f(o) are consistent with experimental value of f(o)=1.82 x 10(10) Hz. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI:10.1063/1.3073949] C1 [Singh, V.; Seehra, M. S.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Bonevich, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Seehra, MS (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM mseehra@wvu.edu NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 7 AR 07B518 DI 10.1063/1.3073949 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 453SX UT WOS:000266633500323 ER PT J AU Thomas, EL Wong-Ng, W Phelan, D Millican, JN AF Thomas, Evan Lyle Wong-Ng, Winnie Phelan, Daniel Millican, Jasmine N. TI Thermopower of Co-doped FeSe SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB The effect of cobalt doping on the thermopower of the superconductor FeSe is investigated through electrical and thermal transport measurements. Our results point to the destruction of superconductivity at very low Co concentrations. Thermopower data suggest negative charge carriers along with a large enhancement of the Seebeck coefficient, S, on the order of approximate to -80 mu V/K near T= 100 K. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3100198] C1 [Thomas, Evan Lyle; Wong-Ng, Winnie] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Phelan, Daniel; Millican, Jasmine N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 7 AR 073906 DI 10.1063/1.3100198 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 453SX UT WOS:000266633500050 ER PT J AU Tucker, SC Brewer, WA Banta, RM Senff, CJ Sandberg, SP Law, DC Weickmann, AM Hardesty, RM AF Tucker, Sara C. Brewer, W. Alan Banta, Robert M. Senff, Christoph J. Sandberg, Scott P. Law, Daniel C. Weickmann, Ann M. Hardesty, R. Michael TI Doppler Lidar Estimation of Mixing Height Using Turbulence, Shear, and Aerosol Profiles SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STABLE BOUNDARY-LAYER; BACKSCATTER HETERODYNE LIDAR; ENTRAINMENT ZONE THICKNESS; LOW-LEVEL JET; SPECTRAL PEAK ESTIMATION; REFRACTIVE-TURBULENCE; AIRBORNE LIDAR; VELOCITY; TOP; STRATIFICATION AB The concept of boundary layer mixing height for meteorology and air quality applications using lidar data is reviewed, and new algorithms for estimation of mixing heights from various types of lower-tropospheric coherent Doppler lidar measurements are presented. Velocity variance profiles derived from Doppler lidar data demonstrate direct application to mixing height estimation, while other types of lidar profiles demonstrate relationships to the variance profiles and thus may also be used in the mixing height estimate. The algorithms are applied to ship-based, high-resolution Doppler lidar (HRDL) velocity and backscattered-signal measurements acquired on the R/V Ronald H. Brown during Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS) 2006 to demonstrate the method and to produce mixing height estimates for that experiment. These combinations of Doppler lidar-derived velocity measurements have not previously been applied to analysis of boundary layer mixing height-over the water or elsewhere. A comparison of the results to those derived from ship-launched, balloon-radiosonde potential temperature and relative humidity profiles is presented. C1 [Tucker, Sara C.] NOAA, ESRL, CSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Tucker, Sara C.; Senff, Christoph J.; Weickmann, Ann M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Tucker, SC (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, CSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sara.tucker@noaa.gov RI Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013; Senff, Christoph/I-2592-2013; Brewer, Wm Alan/I-3920-2013; Weickmann, Ann/I-4445-2013; Sandberg, Scott/I-4875-2013; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NOAA Health of the Atmosphere program FX The authors would like to acknowledge support from the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere program, the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, the officers and crew of the R/V Ronald H. Brown. The authors also thank Dan Wolfe of NOAA/ESRL for providing the radiosonde data. NR 48 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 26 IS 4 BP 673 EP 688 DI 10.1175/2008JTECHA1157.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 443ZN UT WOS:000265949400001 ER PT J AU Gourley, JJ Illingworth, AJ Tabary, P AF Gourley, Jonathan J. Illingworth, Anthony J. Tabary, Pierre TI Absolute Calibration of Radar Reflectivity Using Redundancy of the Polarization Observations and Implied Constraints on Drop Shapes SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BAND POLARIMETRIC RADAR; DIFFERENTIAL PROPAGATION PHASE; X-BAND; RAINFALL ESTIMATION; AXIS RATIOS; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; LARGE RAINDROPS; ATTENUATION; DISDROMETER; PARAMETERS AB A major limitation of improved radar-based rainfall estimation is accurate calibration of radar reflectivity. In this paper, the authors fully automate a polarimetric method that uses the consistency between radar reflectivity, differential reflectivity, and the path integral of specific differential phase to calibrate reflectivity. Complete instructions are provided such that this study can serve as a guide for agencies that are upgrading their radars with polarimetric capabilities and require accurate calibration. The method is demonstrated using data from Meteo-France's operational C-band polarimetric radar. Daily averages of the calibration of radar reflectivity are shown to vary by less than 0.2 dB. In addition to achieving successful calibration, a sensitivity test is also conducted to examine the impacts of using different models relating raindrop oblateness to diameter. It turns out that this study highlights the suitability of the raindrop shape models themselves. Evidence is shown supporting the notion that there is a unique model that relates drop oblateness to diameter in midlatitudes. C1 [Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Illingworth, Anthony J.] Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England. [Tabary, Pierre] Meteo France, Direct Syst Observat, Trappes, France. RP Gourley, JJ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jj.gourley@noaa.gov RI Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 FU Meteo-France; Ministere de L'Ecologie et du Developpement Durable; European Union; CEMAGREF FX This work was done in the frame of the PANTHERE Project (Programme ARAMIS Nouvelles Technologie en Hydrometeorologie Extension et Renouvellement) supported by Meteo-France, the Ministere de L'Ecologie et du Developpement Durable, the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) of the European Union, and CEMAGREF. NR 46 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 26 IS 4 BP 689 EP 703 DI 10.1175/2008JTECHA1152.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 443ZN UT WOS:000265949400002 ER PT J AU Gunshor, MM Schmit, TJ Menzel, WP Tobin, DC AF Gunshor, Mathew M. Schmit, Timothy J. Menzel, W. Paul Tobin, David C. TI Intercalibration of Broadband Geostationary Imagers Using AIRS SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE; CALIBRATION AB Geostationary simultaneous nadir observations (GSNOs) are collected for Earth Observing System (EOS) Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on board Aqua and a global array of geostationary imagers. The imagers compared in this study are on (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites) GOES-10, GOES-11, GOES-12, (Meteorological Satellites) Meteosat-8, Meteosat-9, Multifunctional Transport Satellite-IR (MTSAT-IR), and Fenguyun-2C (FY-2C). It has been shown that a single polar-orbiting satellite can be used to intercalibrate any number of geostationary imagers. Using a high-spectral-resolution infrared sensor, in this case AIRS, brings this method closer to an absolute reckoning of imager calibration accuracy based on laboratory measurements of the instrument's spectral response. An intercalibration method is presented here, including a method of compensating for AIRS' spectral gaps, along with results for approximately 22 months of comparisons. The method appears to work very well for most bands, but there are still unresolved issues with bands that are not spectrally covered well by AIRS (such as the water vapor bands and the 8.7-mu m band on Meteosat). To the first approximation, most of the bands on the world's geostationary imagers are reasonably well calibrated-that is, they compare to within 1 K of a standard reference (AIRS). The next step in the evolution of geostationary intercalibration is to use Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) data. IASI is a high-spectral-resolution instrument similar to AIRS but without significant spectral gaps. C1 [Gunshor, Mathew M.; Menzel, W. Paul; Tobin, David C.] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Schmit, Timothy J.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Adv Satellite Prod Branch, Madison, WI USA. RP Gunshor, MM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM matg@ssec.wisc.edu RI Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010; Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201 FU NOAA [NA06NES4400002] FX The authors thank Tim Hewison (EUMETSAT), Marianne Koenig (EUMETSAT), Fred Wu (NOAA), and the rest of the GSICS community for their input, advice, questions, and collaboration. Jim Nelson (CIMSS) is thanked for his support on software and hardware issues. Hal Woolf (CIMSS) is thanked for providing the CIMSS-32 atmospheres, spectral response functions for many of the instruments, and for his editorial comments. The SSEC Data Center is thanked for providing easily accessible, real-time satellite data in McIDAS format. Walter Wolf (NOAA) is thanked for providing AIRS data in near-real time. The GIMPAP project at NOAA is to be thanked for their financial support of this project. This research was performed primarily under NOAA Grant NA06NES4400002. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U. S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 17 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 26 IS 4 BP 746 EP 758 DI 10.1175/2008JTECHA1155.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 443ZN UT WOS:000265949400006 ER PT J AU Willis, JK Lyman, JM Johnson, GC Gilson, J AF Willis, Josh K. Lyman, John M. Johnson, Gregory C. Gilson, John TI In Situ Data Biases and Recent Ocean Heat Content Variability SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID T-5 EXPENDABLE BATHYTHERMOGRAPH; SEA-LEVEL RISE; ALTIMETRIC HEIGHT; STERIC HEIGHT; FALL-RATE; TOPEX/POSEIDON; TEMPERATURE; CIRCULATION; EQUATION; PACIFIC AB Two significant instrument biases have been identified in the in situ profile data used to estimate globally integrated upper-ocean heat content. A large cold bias was discovered in a small fraction of Argo floats along with a smaller but more prevalent warm bias in expendable bathythermograph (XBT) data. These biases appear to have caused the bulk of the upper-ocean cooling signal reported by Lyman et al. between 2003 and 2005. These systematic data errors are significantly larger than sampling errors in recent years and are the dominant sources of error in recent estimates of globally integrated upper-ocean heat content variability. The bias in the XBT data is found to be consistent with errors in the fall-rate equations, suggesting a physical explanation for that bias. With biased profiles discarded, no significant warming or cooling is observed in upper-ocean heat content between 2003 and 2006. C1 [Willis, Josh K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 90034 USA. [Lyman, John M.; Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lyman, John M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, JIMAR, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Gilson, John] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Willis, JK (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 300-323, Pasadena, CA 90034 USA. EM joshua.k.willis@jpl.nasa.gov RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 NR 21 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 26 IS 4 BP 846 EP 852 DI 10.1175/2008JTECHO608.1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 443ZN UT WOS:000265949400015 ER PT J AU Zou, CZ Gao, M Goldberg, MD AF Zou, Cheng-Zhi Gao, Mei Goldberg, Mitchell D. TI Error Structure and Atmospheric Temperature Trends in Observations from the Microwave Sounding Unit SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID LOWER-TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; SIMULTANEOUS NADIR OVERPASSES; MSU CHANNEL-2; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; RADIOSONDE VALIDATION; MERGING PROCEDURE; TIME-SERIES; SURFACE; RECALIBRATION; PRECISION AB The Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) onboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration polar-orbiting satellites measures the atmospheric temperature from the surface to the lower stratosphere under all weather conditions, excluding precipitation. Although designed primarily for monitoring weather processes, the MSU observations have been extensively used for detecting climate trends, and calibration errors are a major source of uncertainty. To reduce this uncertainty, an intercalibration method based on the simultaneous nadir overpass (SNO) matchups for the MSU instruments on satellites NOAA-10, -11, -12, and -14 was developed. Due to orbital geometry, the SNO matchups are confined to the polar regions, where the brightness temperature range is slightly smaller than the global range. Nevertheless, the resulting calibration coefficients are applied globally to the entire life cycle of an MSU satellite. Such intercalibration reduces intersatellite biases by an order of magnitude compared to prelaunch calibration and, thus, results in well-merged time series for the MSU channels 2, 3, and 4, which respectively represent the deep layer temperature of themidtroposphere (T-2), tropopause (T-3), and lower stratosphere (T-4). Focusing on the global atmosphere over ocean surfaces, trends for the SNO-calibrated T-2, T-3, and T-4 are, respectively, 0.21 +/- 0.07, 0.08 +/- 0.08, and -0.38 +/- 0.27 K decade (-1) from 1987 to 2006. These trends are independent of the number of limb-corrected footprints used in the dataset, and trend differences are marginal for varying bias correction techniques for merging the overlapping satellites on top of the SNO calibration. The spatial pattern of the trends reveals the tropical midtroposphere to have warmed at a rate of 0.28 +/- 0.19 K decade (-1), while the Arctic atmosphere warmed 2 to 3 times faster than the global average. The troposphere and lower stratosphere, however, cooled across the southern Indian and Atlantic Oceans adjacent to the Antarctic continent. To remove the stratospheric cooling effect in T-2, channel trends from T-2 and T-3 (T-23) and T-2 and T-4 (T-24) were combined. The trend patterns for T-23 and T-24 are in close agreement, suggesting internal consistencies for the trend patterns of the three channels. C1 [Zou, Cheng-Zhi] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Ctr Sci, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Gao, Mei] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, China Meteorol Adm, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Zou, CZ (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Ctr Sci, Room 712,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM cheng-zhi.zou@noaa.gov RI Zou, Cheng-Zhi/E-3085-2010; Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010 NR 37 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2009 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1661 EP 1681 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2233.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 437ZE UT WOS:000265524900005 ER PT J AU Menne, MJ Williams, CN AF Menne, Matthew J. Williams, Claude N., Jr. TI Homogenization of Temperature Series via Pairwise Comparisons SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID 2-PHASE REGRESSION-MODEL; UNDOCUMENTED CHANGEPOINTS; PRECIPITATION SERIES; HOMOGENEITY TEST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TIME-SERIES; INHOMOGENEITIES; TRENDS; DISCONTINUITIES; UNCERTAINTIES AB An automated homogenization algorithm based on the pairwise comparison of monthly temperature series is described. The algorithm works by forming pairwise difference series between serial monthly temperature values from a network of observing stations. Each difference series is then evaluated for undocumented shifts, and the station series responsible for such breaks is identified automatically. The algorithm also makes use of station history information, when available, to improve the identification of artificial shifts in temperature data. In addition, an evaluation is carried out to distinguish trend inhomogeneities from abrupt shifts. When the magnitude of an apparent shift attributed to a particular station can be reliably estimated, an adjustment is made for the target series. The pairwise algorithm is shown to be robust and efficient at detecting undocumented step changes under a variety of simulated scenarios with step- and trend-type inhomogeneities. Moreover, the approach is shown to yield a lower false-alarm rate for undocumented changepoint detection relative to the more common use of a reference series. Results from the algorithm are used to assess evidence for trend inhomogeneities in U. S. monthly temperature data. C1 [Menne, Matthew J.; Williams, Claude N., Jr.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Menne, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM matthew.menne@noaa.gov FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AI02-96ER62276] FX Thanks to Russell Vose, Imke Durre, and Tamara Houston for constructive comments on earlier drafts for this manuscript. The reviews by Dr. Robert Lund and an anonymous reviewer also greatly improved the paper. Partial support for this work was provided by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U. S. Department of Energy (Grant DE-AI02-96ER62276). NR 42 TC 120 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2009 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1700 EP 1717 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2263.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 437ZE UT WOS:000265524900007 ER PT J AU Wu, RG Kirtman, BP van den Dool, H AF Wu, Renguang Kirtman, Ben P. van den Dool, Huug TI An Analysis of ENSO Prediction Skill in the CFS Retrospective Forecasts SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM; EL-NINO; INDIAN-OCEAN; COUPLED MODEL; ANNUAL CYCLE; PREDICTABILITY; VARIABILITY AB The present study documents the so-called spring prediction and persistence barriers in association with El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS) retrospective forecasts. It is found that the spring prediction and persistence barriers in the eastern equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) are preceded by a boreal winter barrier in the western equatorial Pacific zonal wind stress. The time of the persistence barrier is closely related to the time of the ENSO phase transition, but may differ from the time of the lowest variance. The seasonal change of the signal-to-noise ratio cannot explain the persistence barrier. While the noise may lead to a drop of skill around boreal spring in the western equatorial Pacific zonal wind stress, its impacts on the skill of eastern equatorial Pacific SST is small. The equatorial Pacific zonal winds display an excessive response to ENSO-related SST anomalies, which leads to a longer persistence in the equatorial Pacific thermocline depth anomalies and a delayed transition of the eastern equatorial Pacific SST anomalies. This provides an interpretation for the prediction skill drop in boreal spring in the eastern equatorial Pacific SST. The results suggest that improving the atmospheric model wind response to SST anomalies may reduce the spring prediction barrier. C1 [Wu, Renguang; Kirtman, Ben P.] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA. [Kirtman, Ben P.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [van den Dool, Huug] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Wu, RG (reprint author), IGES, COLA, 4041 Powder Mill Rd,Suite 302, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. EM renguang@cola.iges.org FU NSF [ATM-0332910]; NOAA [NA04OAR4310034, NA05OAR4311135]; NASA [NNG04GG46G] FX The authors appreciate the comments of Wanqiu Wang, Geert Jan van Oldenborgh, and an anonymous reviewer. This research was supported by NSF Grant ATM-0332910, NOAA Grants NA04OAR4310034 and NA05OAR4311135, and NASA Grant NNG04GG46G. NR 65 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2009 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1801 EP 1818 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2565.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 437ZE UT WOS:000265524900013 ER PT J AU Thompson, DWJ Solomon, S AF Thompson, David W. J. Solomon, Susan TI Understanding Recent Stratospheric Climate Change SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE TRENDS; TOTAL OZONE; MODEL SIMULATIONS; RADIOSONDE DATA; CIRCULATION; RECORD AB The long-term, global-mean cooling of the lower stratosphere stems from two downward steps in temperature, both of which are coincident with the cessation of transient warming after the volcanic eruptions of El Chichon and Mount Pinatubo. Previous attribution studies reveal that the long-term cooling is linked to ozone trends, and modeling studies driven by a range of known forcings suggest that the steps reflect the superposition of the long-term cooling with transient variability in upwelling longwave radiation from the troposphere. However, the long-term cooling of the lower stratosphere is evident at all latitudes despite the fact that chemical ozone losses are thought to be greatest at middle and polar latitudes. Further, the ozone concentrations used in such studies are based on either 1) smooth mathematical functions fit to sparsely sampled observations that are unavailable during postvolcanic periods or 2) calculations by a coupled chemistry-climate model. Here the authors provide observational analyses that yield new insight into three key aspects of recent stratospheric climate change. First, evidence is provided that shows the unusual steplike behavior of global-mean stratospheric temperatures is dependent not only upon the trend but also on the temporal variability in global-mean ozone immediately following volcanic eruptions. Second, the authors argue that the warming/cooling pattern in global-mean temperatures following major volcanic eruptions is consistent with the competing radiative and chemical effects of volcanic eruptions on stratospheric temperature and ozone. Third, it is revealed that the contrasting latitudinal structures of recent stratospheric temperature and ozone trends are consistent with large-scale increases in the stratospheric overturning Brewer-Dobson circulation. C1 [Thompson, David W. J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Solomon, Susan] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Thompson, DWJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM davet@atmos.colostate.edu RI Thompson, David/F-9627-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0613082]; Monfort Professorship FX We thank LesleyGray, Bill Randel, V. Ramaswamy, Keith Shine, Dan Schwarzkopf, and Mike Wallace for helpful discussions; Vitali Fioletov for providing the ground- based ozone data; and Robyn Schofield and Greg Bodeker for assisting with the SAGE data. D. W. J. T. is supported by National Science Foundation Grant ATM-0613082 and appreciates the support of the Monfort Professorship during the course of this research. NR 40 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2009 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1934 EP 1943 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2482.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 444TH UT WOS:000266002800004 ER PT J AU Dienstfrey, A Oreskovic, T Bennett, H Hudson, L AF Dienstfrey, Andrew Oreskovic, Tammy Bennett, Herbert Hudson, Lawrence TI Analysis of ISCD-NIST Survey for Bone Health SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL DENSITOMETRY LA English DT Article DE Bone mineral density; calibration phantoms; edge detection; reference database; standards ID M RANKINGS AB In 2007, the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the International Society for Clinical Densitometry designed a survey to prioritize 7 research and standardization action items to improve accuracy and cross-comparability of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of bone mineral density. In this article, we analyze the 1074 survey responses as one means to define consensus priorities of the community studying bone health and to determine possible correlations between prioritization and demographic data, including geographic location, years of experience practicing DXA, and medical specialty. We find that the distribution of ranks from all respondents is such that we can conclude with statistical confidence that there are perceived distinctions between the relative merits of the 7 action items. Applying a standard vote-counting rule to the data, we determine a complete ranking of the action items. We observe that a consistent ranking of each action item across all demographic subcategories is hard to achieve. When we arrange the 7 action items into 4 groups, however, we can determine a reasonably consistent prioritization. The group containing the development of standard reference databases and phantoms receives the highest priority. In addition, we report consistent themes that emerge from the free-response portion of the survey. C1 [Dienstfrey, Andrew; Oreskovic, Tammy] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bennett, Herbert; Hudson, Lawrence] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bennett, Herbert; Hudson, Lawrence] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Div Mat Reliabil, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dienstfrey, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, 325 Broadway,Mail Stop 891-01, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andrew.dienstfrey@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1094-6950 J9 J CLIN DENSITOM JI J. Clin. Densitom. PD APR-JUN PY 2009 VL 12 IS 2 BP 162 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.jocd.2008.12.005 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 448GM UT WOS:000266251100003 PM 19181551 ER PT J AU Mansfield, L Bertness, K Blanchard, P Harvey, T Sanders, A Sanford, N AF Mansfield, L. M. Bertness, K. A. Blanchard, P. T. Harvey, T. E. Sanders, A. W. Sanford, N. A. TI GaN Nanowire Carrier Concentration Calculated from Light and Dark Resistance Measurements SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Electronic Materials Conference CY JUN, 2008 CL Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA HO Univ Calif Santa Barbara DE FETs; field-effect transistors; gallium nitride; mobility; nanostructures ID GALLIUM NITRIDE NANOWIRES; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; OHMIC CONTACTS; GROWN GAN; FABRICATION AB We obtained the carrier concentration and mobility of silicon-doped gallium nitride nanowires at room temperature with light and dark resistance data. Current-voltage measurements were performed on single-nanowire devices in the dark and under 360 nm illumination. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy was used to measure the device dimensions. The nanowires were modeled with cylindrical geometry, and solutions were computed with a nonlinear fit algorithm. Simulations were also performed to verify the model. The carrier concentration was bounded by 6 x 10(17) cm(-3) and 1.3 x 10(18) cm(-3), and the mobility was between 300 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and 600 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). C1 [Mansfield, L. M.; Bertness, K. A.; Blanchard, P. T.; Harvey, T. E.; Sanders, A. W.; Sanford, N. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO USA. RP Mansfield, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO USA. EM lorelle@boulder.nist.gov NR 39 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 495 EP 504 DI 10.1007/s11664-009-0672-z PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 414WX UT WOS:000263897000004 ER PT J AU Bhaneja, P Earle, GD Bishop, RL Bullett, TW Mabie, J Redmon, R AF Bhaneja, P. Earle, G. D. Bishop, R. L. Bullett, T. W. Mabie, J. Redmon, R. TI A statistical study of midlatitude spread F at Wallops Island, Virginia SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADAR OBSERVATIONS; IONOSPHERE; REGION; DISTURBANCES; IONOSONDE; FREQUENCY; ARECIBO AB An ionosonde study using data from Wallops Island, Virginia (37.95 degrees N, 284.53 degrees E, 67.5 degrees dip angle), over a full solar cycle from 1996 to 2006 has been conducted. A pattern recognition algorithm is used to analyze these ionograms in order to determine the statistics of midlatitude spread F. An ionogram displays spread F both horizontally and vertically, which are defined as range and frequency spread F, respectively. Range and frequency spreading can occur either simultaneously or separately. Seasonal and solar cycle variations have been studied using the data set; both are significant and are somewhat different for range and frequency spread F. Correlations of spread F duration with F10.7, Kp, and AE are investigated. The results provide insights into causative sources for both types of midlatitude spread F. C1 [Bhaneja, P.; Earle, G. D.] Univ Texas Dallas, William B Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Dallas, TX 75080 USA. [Bishop, R. L.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Bullett, T. W.; Mabie, J.] NOAA NGDC, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bhaneja, P (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, William B Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Dallas, TX 75080 USA. EM pxb049000@utd.edu; Rebecca.L.Bishop@aero.org; Terry.Bullett@noaa.gov; Justin.Mabie@noaa.gov; Rob.Redmon@noaa.gov RI Redmon, Robert/A-7688-2011 OI Redmon, Robert/0000-0001-5585-2719 FU NSF [0535358] FX This research has been supported by NSF grant 0535358. The author Preeti Bhaneja would also like to thank Dr. Patrick Roddy for his invaluable help over the entire course of this study. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A04301 DI 10.1029/2008JA013212 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 428RA UT WOS:000264865500001 ER PT J AU Kedzierski, MA AF Kedzierski, M. A. TI Effect of CuO Nanoparticle Concentration on R134a/Lubricant Pool-Boiling Heat Transfer SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat Transfer International Conference CY JAN 06-09, 2008 CL Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Tainan, TAIWAN SP ASME, Nanotechnol Inst, ASME, Heat Transfer Div HO Natl Cheng Kung Univ DE additives; boiling; copper (II) oxide; enhanced heat transfer; nanotechnology; refrigerants; refrigerant/lubricant mixtures ID NANOFLUIDS AB This paper quantifies the influence of copper (II) oxide (CuO) nanoparticle concentration on the boiling performance of R134a/polyolester mixtures on a roughened horizontal flat surface. Nanofluids are liquids that contain dispersed nanosize particles. Two lubricant-based nanofluids (nanolubricants) were made with a synthetic polyolester and 30 nm diameter CuO particles to 1% and 0.5% volume fractions, respectively. As reported in a previous study for the 1% volume fraction nanolubricant, a 0.5% nanolubricant mass fraction with R134a resulted in a heat transfer enhancement relative to the heat transfer of pure R134a/polyolester (99.5/0.5) between 50% and 275%. The same study had shown that increasing the mass fraction of the 1% volume fraction nanolubricant resulted in smaller, but significant, boiling heat transfer enhancements. The present study shows that the use of a nanolubricant with half the concentration of CuO nanoparticles (0.5% by volume) resulted in either no improvement or boiling heat transfer degradations with respect to the R134a/polyolester mixtures without nanoparticles. Consequently, significant refrigerant/lubricant boiling heat transfer enhancements are possible with nanoparticles; however, the nanoparticle concentration is an important determining factor. Further research with nanolubricants and refrigerants is required to establish a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms that control nanofluid heat transfer. [DOI: 10.1115/1.3072926] C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kedzierski, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg 226,Room B114, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2009 VL 131 IS 4 AR 043205 DI 10.1115/1.3072926 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 415CK UT WOS:000263911700006 ER PT J AU Welles, E Sorooshian, S AF Welles, Edwin Sorooshian, Soroosh TI Scientific Verification of Deterministic River Stage Forecasts SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROLOGIC UNCERTAINTY PROCESSOR; MODEL AB One element of a complete verification system is the ability to determine why forecasts behave as they do. This paper describes and demonstrates an operationally feasible method for conducting this type of diagnostic verification analysis. Hindcasts are generated using different configurations of the forecast system and then the skill of the generated hindcasts is compared. The hindcasts and comparisons are constructed to isolate individual elements of the forecast process. The approach is used to evaluate the role of model calibration, model initial conditions, and precipitation forecasts in generating skill for deterministic river forecasts. The authors find that calibration and initial conditions provide skill for the short lead-time forecasts, with precipitation forecasts providing the majority of the skill in forecasts of high stages at longer lead times. At all lead times, this study shows model calibration is essential, as the calibration makes forecasts reliable. C1 [Welles, Edwin] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Syst Engn Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Sorooshian, Soroosh] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA USA. RP Welles, E (reprint author), Deltares USA Inc, 1010 Wayne Ave,Suite 800, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM edwin.welles@deltares-usa.us RI sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008 OI sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113 FU National Weather Service [NA87WHO582, NA07WHO144]; National Science Foundation STC; Sustainability of Semi-Arid and Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA) at the University of Arizona in Tucson [EAR-9876800] FX Both authors would like to thank two reviewers from the National Weather Service's Office of Hydrology (OHD): Gary Carter, director, and Dr. Julie Demargne, research scientist. In addition, thanks are due to Dr. Holly Hartmann, who reviewed an early version of this manuscript. Many thanks also to Billy Olsen, hydrologist in charge, and Bill Lawrence, Development and Operations hydrologist at the National Weather Service, Arkansas-Red Basin River Forecast Center. Dr. D. J. Seo provided the code to run the variational assimilation hindcasts, so we thank him as well. The second author also would like to thank the National Weather Service (Grants NA87WHO582 and NA07WHO144) and the National Science Foundation STC, Sustainability of Semi-Arid and Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA) at the University of Arizona in Tucson (Grant EAR-9876800) for their support. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the National Weather Service. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 BP 507 EP 520 DI 10.1175/2008JHM1022.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 439PQ UT WOS:000265639900010 ER PT J AU DeRose, PC Smith, MV Mielenz, KD Blackburn, DH Kramer, GW AF DeRose, Paul C. Smith, Melody V. Mielenz, Klaus D. Blackburn, Douglas H. Kramer, Gary W. TI Characterization of Standard Reference Material 2940, Mn-ion-doped glass, spectral correction standard for fluorescence SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE Calibration; Fluorescence; Instrument qualification; Method validation; Mn glass; Spectral correction; SRM; Standard ID DIVALENT MANGANESE; NM AB Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2940 is a cuvette-shaped, Mn-ion-doped glass, recommended for use for relative spectral correction of emission and day-to-day performance validation of steady-state fluorescence spectrometers. Properties of this standard that influence its effective use or contribute to the uncertainty in its certified emission spectrum were explored here. These properties include its photostability, absorbance, dissolution rate in water, anisotropy, temperature coefficient of fluorescence intensity, and fluorescence lifetimes. Long and short lifetime components of the fluorescence displayed different emission spectra, making the certified spectrum useful with fluorescence instruments employing continuous excitation only, The expanded uncertainties in the certified spectrum are about 5% around the peak maximum at 620 nm, using an excitation wavelength of 412 nm. The SRM also exhibits a strong resistance to photodegradation, with no measurable decrease in fluorescence intensity even after 17 h of irradiation with the visible light from a Xe lamp. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [DeRose, Paul C.; Smith, Melody V.; Mielenz, Klaus D.; Blackburn, Douglas H.; Kramer, Gary W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP DeRose, PC (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.derose@nist.gov NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 EI 1872-7883 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD APR PY 2009 VL 129 IS 4 BP 349 EP 355 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2008.10.017 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 409IM UT WOS:000263499400004 ER PT J AU Duff, MC Hunter, DB Burger, A Groza, M Buliga, V Bradley, JP Graham, G Dai, ZR Teslich, N Black, DR Lanzirotti, A AF Duff, M. C. Hunter, D. B. Burger, A. Groza, M. Buliga, V. Bradley, J. P. Graham, G. Dai, Z. R. Teslich, N. Black, D. R. Lanzirotti, A. TI Characterization of heterogeneities in detector-grade CdZnTe crystals SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CADMIUM ZINC TELLURIDE; CDTE; DEFECTS; GROWTH; PERFORMANCE; SEGREGATION; (CD,ZN)TE AB Synthetic Cd(1-x)Zn(x)Te or "CZT" crystals are highly suitable for gamma-spectrometers, operating at room temperature. Secondary phases (SP) within CZT, presumed to be Te metal, have detrimental impacts on the charge collection efficiency of fabricated device. Using analytical techniques rather than arbitrary theoretical definitions, we identify two SP morphologies: (i) many void, 20-mu m "negative" crystals with 65-nm nanoparticle residues of Si, Cd, Zn, and Te and (ii) 20-mu m hexagonal-shaped bodies, which are composites of metallic Te layers with cores of amorphous and polycrystalline CZT material that surround the voids. C1 [Duff, M. C.; Hunter, D. B.] Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Burger, A.; Groza, M.; Buliga, V.] Fisk Univ, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Bradley, J. P.; Graham, G.; Dai, Z. R.; Teslich, N.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Black, D. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lanzirotti, A.] Univ Chicago, CARS, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Duff, MC (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM martine.duff@srnl.doe.gov RI Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010 FU United States Department of Energy-National Nuclear Security Administration; National Science Foundation [HRD-0420516]; United States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG52-05NA27035, DE-FG02-92ER14244, DE-FC09-96-SR18546, DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Work supported by United States Department of Energy-National Nuclear Security Administration, through the Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development-NA-22 and National Science Foundation through the Fisk University Center for Physics and Chemistry of Materials (CPCoM), Cooperative Agreement CA: HRD-0420516 (CREST program), and through and from United States Department of Energy NA-22 Grant No. DE-FG52-05NA27035. Portions of this work were performed at Beamline X26A, National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), Brookhaven National Laboratory. X26A is supported by the Department of Energy (DOE)-Geosciences (DE-FG02-92ER14244 to The University of Chicago-CARS) and DOE-Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Sciences Division (DE-FC09-96-SR18546 to the University of Kentucky). Use of the NSLS was supported by DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD APR PY 2009 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1361 EP 1367 DI 10.1557/JMR.2009.0165 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 460SP UT WOS:000267207700008 ER PT J AU Gupta, S Muralikiran, M Farmer, J Cao, LR Downing, RG AF Gupta, S. Muralikiran, M. Farmer, J. Cao, L. R. Downing, R. G. TI The effect of boron doping and gamma irradiation on the structure and properties of microwave chemical vapor deposited boron-doped diamond films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CARBON THIN-FILMS; CVD-DIAMOND; MICROCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; DETECTORS; RADIOTHERAPY; ABSORPTION; ELECTRODES; EMISSION AB We investigated the effects of gamma irradiation doses of 50, 100, and 10(3) kGy on boron-doped diamond (BDD) thin films synthesized using microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition with varying boron concentrations of [B]/[C](gas) = 100, 1000, 2000, and 4000 ppm. The diamond thin films were characterized prior to and post-irradiation and the influence was assessed in terms of morphology, structure, and physical properties using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, x-ray diffraction, vibrational spectroscopy (Raman and IR), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrical measurement techniques. The results clearly showed that the response of gamma irradiation on BDD films was distinctive compared to those of undoped diamond films with changes in electronic behavior from metallic (> 10(19) to 10(20) cm(-3)) semiconducting (<= 10(19) cm(-3)), especially in the case of heavily boron-doped diamond films demonstrated by micro-Raman spectroscopy and electrical property characteristics. In fact, this modification in electrical property behavior induced by "gamma conditioning" can be effectively used to fine control boron doping in chemically vapor deposited diamond much needed for various electronic devices. The "gamma conditioning" refers to material processing by radiation which helps to passivate electrically active boron and defects with hydrogen migration thus fine tunes the boron acceptor concentration albeit that this is difficult to achieve during BDD film deposition. In addition, the results also indicate that almost all of the BDD films studied hereby tend to reach a state of damage saturation when submitted to gamma irradiation of 10(3) kGy. We discuss our novel findings in terms of the interplay of boron-hydrogen in diamond with possible multiple scenarios: (i) the generation of point/Frenkel defects due to Compton scattered electrons, (ii) the fort-nation of a nonmetallic boron-rich borocarbide (e.g., B(13)C(2)) phase, (iii) the passivation of electrically active acceptor (B) sites due to the invariable presence of H in the grains and at the grain boundaries, (iv) the desorption of H from the diamond surface, and (v) the "priming or pumping" effect, which improves the electronic properties by compensating for the shallow boron acceptors to produce semiconducting/insulating material, verified by the cold neutron depth profiling technique. C1 [Gupta, S.; Farmer, J.] Univ Missouri Columbia, Missouri Univ Res Reactor, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Muralikiran, M.] Univ Missouri Columbia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Cao, L. R.; Downing, R. G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20988 USA. RP Gupta, S (reprint author), Univ Missouri Columbia, Missouri Univ Res Reactor, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM sgup@rocketmail.com; farmerj@missouri.edu RI Cao, Lei/B-3254-2012 OI Cao, Lei/0000-0003-4018-9496 FU MU Research Council FX The authors S.G. and M.M. acknowledge Drs. O.A. Williams (IMO-Diepenbeek, Belgium) for BDD samples, C.M. Greenlief (Chemistry Department, University of Missouri-Columbia) for using XPS, and E. Bohannan (Chemistry Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla) for AFM. This work is financially supported in part by S.G.'s startup and MU Research Council funds. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 25 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD APR PY 2009 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1498 EP 1512 DI 10.1557/JMR.2009.0170 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 460SP UT WOS:000267207700023 ER PT J AU Holmes, GA Wesson, S McDonough, WG Kim, JH Netravali, A Walker, JN Johnson, RA AF Holmes, G. A. Wesson, Sheldon McDonough, W. G. Kim, J. H. Netravali, A. Walker, J. N. Johnson, R. A. TI An automated testing machine for monitoring the evolution of fiber breaks SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL MULTIFIBER MICROCOMPOSITES; FAILURE PHENOMENA; STRESS-CONCENTRATIONS; MODEL COMPOSITES; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; INTERFACE; MATRIX AB A cooperative agreement between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Textile Research Institute/Princeton (TRI/Princeton) has resulted in the development of an automated tensile testing machine for determining the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) as determined by the single fiber fragmentation (SFF) test. The imaging capability of this new machine permits the archiving of data for additional analyses as new data reduction methods are developed and provides a framework for the sharing of fragmentation data among researchers. To keep pace with the changing directions of composite micromechanics research, the new machine was extended to obtaining archival data on fiber fragmentation in 2D multifiber arrays by utilizing a new fiber placement device that allows for the precise placement of these arrays within the dogbone specimen. C1 [Holmes, G. A.; McDonough, W. G.; Kim, J. H.] NIST, Div Polymers, Characterizat & Methods Dev Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wesson, Sheldon] TRI Princeton, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Netravali, A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Text & Apparel, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Walker, J. N.] Electrim Corp, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Johnson, R. A.] Exxon Mobil Res & Engn, Fairfax, VA 22037 USA. RP McDonough, WG (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Characterizat & Methods Dev Grp, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM walter.mcdonough@nist.gov NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2009 VL 44 IS 8 BP 2007 EP 2015 DI 10.1007/s10853-009-3294-1 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 423GP UT WOS:000264485100012 ER PT J AU Levine, ZH Grantham, S Lucatorto, TB AF Levine, Zachary H. Grantham, Steven Lucatorto, Thomas B. TI Design considerations for a cascaded grating interferometer suitable for extreme ultraviolet interference lithography SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Article DE extreme ultraviolet; interferometry; microlithography ID 2-GRATING INTERFEROMETER; LIGHT AB Recently, extreme ultraviolet interference lithography using a single grating interferometer and a highly coherent synchrotron insertion device source has proven to be an extremely useful technique for producing patterns with feature sizes in the range of 10 nm. The high demand for these nanoscale patterns and the small number of suitable highly coherent extreme ultraviolet sources has created new interest in the cascaded grating interferometer because of its relaxed demands for spatial and temporal coherence. This work extends that of earlier researchers on such systems by providing a compact algebraic analysis of the effects on fringe contrast of source divergence, spectral bandpass, lack of parallelism of the grating rulings, grating period mismatch, defocus, and wavefront curvature. The results are applied to illustrate the feasibility of implementing the interferometer on a small bending magnet synchrotron source, but the analysis should be applicable to typical portable plasma sources as well. (c) 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3112008] C1 [Levine, Zachary H.; Grantham, Steven; Lucatorto, Thomas B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levine, ZH (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8410, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM toml@nist.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1537-1646 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD APR-JUN PY 2009 VL 8 IS 2 AR 021202 DI 10.1117/1.3112008 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 476LV UT WOS:000268443400030 ER PT J AU Yang, MK Kaplan, SG French, RH Burnett, JH AF Yang, Min K. Kaplan, Simon G. French, Roger H. Burnett, John H. TI Index of refraction of high-index lithographic immersion fluids and its variability SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Article DE lithography; index; temperature coefficient of the refractive index ID WATER AB We have developed a number of second-generation high-index candidate immersion fluids that exceed the 1.6 refractive index requirement for immersion lithography at 193 nm to replace the water used in first-generation immersion systems. To understand the behavior and performance of different fluid classes, we use spectral index measurements, based on the prism minimum deviation method, to characterize the index dispersion. In addition to fluid absorbance and index requirements, the temperature coefficient of the refractive index is a key parameter. We have used a laser-based Hilger-Chance refractometer system to determine the thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) by measuring the index change versus temperature at two different laser wavelengths, 632.8 and 193.4 nm. Also, we determined the batch-to-batch (within a 6-month period), before and after irradiation (at 193.4 nm), before and after air exposure, and before and after resist exposure (image printing test) variations of index and Delta n/Delta lambda. The optical properties of these second-generation immersion fluids mostly compare favorably to water; the ratio of index of refraction at 193.4 nm is 1.644/1.437, the dispersion from d-line (Delta n(193-d)) is 0.160 versus 0.103 and dn/dT at 193.4 is -550 x 10(-6)/K vs. -93 x 10(-6)/K, respectively. (c) 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3124189] C1 [Yang, Min K.; French, Roger H.] DuPont Co Inc, Cent Res & Dev, Expt Stn, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. [Kaplan, Simon G.; Burnett, John H.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yang, MK (reprint author), DuPont Co Inc, Cent Res & Dev, Expt Stn, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. EM min.k.yang@usa.dupont.com RI French, Roger/E-1986-2011 OI French, Roger/0000-0002-6162-0532 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1537-1646 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD APR-JUN PY 2009 VL 8 IS 2 AR 023005 DI 10.1117/1.3124189 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 476LV UT WOS:000268443400037 ER PT J AU Vroom, PS Timmers, MAV AF Vroom, Peter S. Timmers, Molly A. V. TI SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL COMPARISON OF ALGAL BIODIVERSITY AND BENTHIC COVER AT GARDNER PINNACLES, NORTHWESTERN HAWAI'IAN ISLANDS SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE algae bloom; coral reef; Hawaii; phase shift; tropical; turf algae ID FRENCH FRIGATE SHOALS; CORAL-REEF; EL-NINO; MANGROVE MACROALGAE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SEASONAL-VARIATION; MASS MORTALITIES; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; SEA-URCHINS; ASSEMBLAGES AB Papah (a) over bar naumoku (a) over bar kea Marine National Monument in the Northwestern Hawai`ian Islands is the second largest marine protected area in the world, providing an opportunity for scientists to understand natural ecosystem fluctuations in subtropical marine communities with little anthropogenic impact. Gardner Pinnacles is composed of two emergent basaltic rocks and has the smallest land area of any island in the Northwestern Hawai`ian Island chain but has among the largest submerged reef area. Gardner Pinnacles is also among the least anthropogenically impacted island in the Hawai`ian Archipelago, although a thriving lobster and bottomfish industry existed in the area for many years. This study assesses nearshore algal biodiversity and percent cover at Gardner Pinnacles to examine interannual differences in community dynamics and places them in an ecosystem context by also examining associated invertebrate and fish communities. Biodiversity surveys increased the number of known eukaryotic algal species occurring in marine environments immediately adjacent to the emergent portion of Gardner Pinnacles from 31 to 77. Algal percent cover, specifically populations of the green alga Microdictyon setchellianum M. Howe, varied dramatically between sampling years, possibly in response to seasonal differences. Towed-diver surveys revealed that macroalgae covered > 90% of the substrate during the 2003 sampling period but returned to 2000 levels (1%-35% cover) by 2004 without any detectable damage to other reef organisms. Fish communities remained statistically similar between sampling years, and percent cover of live coral around the island did not exceed 7%. C1 [Vroom, Peter S.; Timmers, Molly A. V.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Vroom, PS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, 1125 B Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM peter.vroom@noaa.gov NR 54 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 45 IS 2 BP 337 EP 347 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00666.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 429ZW UT WOS:000264959600003 PM 27033812 ER PT J AU Persson, A Smith, BC AF Persson, Agneta Smith, Barry C. TI CONSUMPTION OF SCRIPPSIELLA LACHRYMOSA RESTING CYSTS BY THE EASTERN OYSTER (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA) SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Scrippsiella lachrymose; Crassostrea virginica; dinoflagellate; cyst; oyster; grazing ID CALCAREOUS DINOFLAGELLATE CYSTS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; HARMFUL ALGAE; DINOPHYCEAE; TROCHOIDEA; AUSTRALIA; PASSAGE; EVENTS; GUT AB Scrippsiella spp. resting cysts, unlike many other dinoflagellate cysts. Possess an outer layer of calcite beneath which is a thin sporopollenin wall. This feature may affect cyst survival through the digestive tract of benthic organisms, when they consume the cysts. The extent of digestibility is related to the degree to which grazing by benthic organisms could influence a benthic cyst population. To test consumption and digestion of a representative Scrippsiella cyst by one benthic grazer, the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) was fed culture-produced resting cysts or the dinoflagellate Scrippsiella lachrymosa under controlled conditions. Cyst recovery from no-oyster, control containers was 97%; therefore, digestive destruction of cysts could be quantified as the difference between cysts added to experimental containers containing oysters and the number of intact cysts recovered after a period of oyster feeding. In each treatment, 18% of the cysts were destroyed after being ingested at a cell density of 43.4 cysts/mL and 11% were digested at a higher cell density (263,2 cysts/mL). Cysts were observed to become rounded and turn yellow after first losing the outer, calcareous wall as a first step in digestion. In fecal-pellet samples, contents from broken cysts could be found as well as intact cysts and rounded yellow cysts. Viability of ingested cysts was not evaluated, but it seems that Scrippsiella cysts are relatively resistant to digestion by oysters. C1 [Persson, Agneta; Smith, Barry C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Persson, Agneta] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Marine Ecol, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Smith, BC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM barry.smith@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP 221 EP 225 DI 10.2983/035.028.0227 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 437BN UT WOS:000265460900004 ER PT J AU Harding, JM Mann, R Moeller, P Hsia, MS AF Harding, Juliana M. Mann, Roger Moeller, Peter Hsia, Michelle S. TI MORTALITY OF THE VEINED RAPA WHELK, RAPANA VENOSA, IN RELATION TO A BLOOM OF ALEXANDRIUM MONILATUM IN THE YORK RIVER, UNITED STATES SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Veined rapa whelk; Rapana venosa; Alexandrium monilatum; goniodomin A; Chesapeake Bay; toxicity ID GONYAULAX-MONILATA; MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA; GONIODOMIN-A; DINOFLAGELLATE; TOXICITY; VALENCIENNES; MURICIDAE; GROWTH; WATERS; HOWELL AB Veined rapa whelks (Rapana venosa), carnivorous marine gastropods experienced significant mortality during an Alexandrium monilatum bloom in the lower York River, VA in September 2007. Rapa whelks stopped feeding as dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll concentrations increased with the development of the bloom. Whelk mortality was preceded by external signs of stress including reduced ventilation, inability to attach to hard Substrates, periodic Pumping of the opercular plate, and increased mucus production over a period of 24-48 h prior to death. High concentrations (2-7 mu g g(-1) tissue) of goniodimum A, a toxin produced by A. monilatum, were observed in bivalves attached to the shells of rapa whelks. Concentrations of goniodimum A in whelk foot tissue ranged from 0.02-8.39 mu g g(-1). Mortality of rapa whelks was 100%. Mortality of oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and northern quahogs (Mercenaria mercenaria) in the same flow through system was 0%. The symptoms displayed by the rapa whelks in the 24-48 h prior to death were indicative of paralysis and followed a similar time Course documented for other molluscs exposed to toxic A. monilatum. C1 [Harding, Juliana M.; Mann, Roger] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Fisheries Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Moeller, Peter; Hsia, Michelle S.] Hollings Marine Lab, Natl Ocean Serv, Toxin Nat Prod Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Harding, JM (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Fisheries Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM jharding@vims.edu FU Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia [3301] FX Mr. Todd Nelson, VIMS Physical Science, provided expert assistance in establishing the intake monitoring system as well as access to chlorophyll data. Mr. William Jones and Dr. Kimberly Reece (both VIMS Environmental and Aquatic Health) identified A. monilatum and provided information oil cell counts. This is Contribution Number 3301 from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP 363 EP 367 DI 10.2983/035.028.0219 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 437BN UT WOS:000265460900020 ER PT J AU Goel, G Krekelberg, WP Pond, MJ Mittal, J Shen, VK Errington, JR Truskett, TM AF Goel, Gaurav Krekelberg, William P. Pond, Mark J. Mittal, Jeetain Shen, Vincent K. Errington, Jeffrey R. Truskett, Thomas M. TI Available states and available space: static properties that predict self-diffusivity of confined fluids SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT LA English DT Article DE structural correlations (theory); fluids in confined geometries; interfacial phenomena and wetting; diffusion; molecular dynamics ID FUNDAMENTAL-MEASURE-THEORY; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; BROWNIAN-MOTION; FREE-ENERGY; SPHERE; WALLS; EQUILIBRIUM; TRANSPORT; MIXTURES; DYNAMICS AB Although classical density functional theory provides reliable predictions for the static properties of simple equilibrium fluids under confinement, a theory of comparative accuracy for the transport coefficients has yet to emerge. Nonetheless, there is evidence that knowledge of how confinement modifies static behavior can aid in forecasting dynamics. Specifically, recent molecular simulation studies have shown that the relationship between excess entropy and self-diffusivity of a bulk equilibrium fluid changes only modestly when the fluid is isothermally confined, indicating that knowledge of the former might allow semi-quantitative predictions of the latter. Do other static measures, such as those that characterize free or available volume, also strongly correlate with single-particle dynamics of confined fluids? Here, we investigate this question for both the single-component hard-sphere fluid and hard-sphere mixtures. Specifically, we use molecular simulations and fundamental measure theory to study these systems at approximately 10(3) equilibrium state points. We examine three different confining geometries (slit pore, square channel, and cylindrical pore) and the effects of particle packing fraction and particle-boundary interactions. Although average density fails to predict some key qualitative trends for the self-diffusivity of confined fluids, we provide strong empirical evidence that a new generalized measure of available volume for inhomogeneous fluids correlates excellently with self-diffusivity across a wide parameter space in these systems, approximately independently of the degree of confinement. An important consequence, which we demonstrate here, is that density functional theory predictions of this static property can be used together with knowledge of bulk fluid behavior to semi-quantitatively estimate the self-diffusion coefficient of confined fluids under equilibrium conditions. C1 [Goel, Gaurav; Krekelberg, William P.; Pond, Mark J.; Truskett, Thomas M.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Mittal, Jeetain] NIDDK, Chem Phys Lab, Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Shen, Vincent K.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Errington, Jeffrey R.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Truskett, Thomas M.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Theoret Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Goel, G (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM goel@che.utexas.edu; krekel@che.utexas.edu; mjp736@che.utexas.edu; jeetain@helix.nih.gov; vincent.shen@nist.gov; jerring@buffalo.edu; truskett@che.utexas.edu RI Truskett, Thomas/D-4624-2009; Errington, Jeffrey/E-8644-2011; Truskett, Thomas/C-4996-2014 OI Truskett, Thomas/0000-0002-6607-6468; Errington, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0365-0271; FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CTS-0448721]; Welch Foundation [F-1696]; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Alfred P Sloan Foundation; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship; UT ChE department fellowship; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Intramural Research Program FX TMT acknowledges support of the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. CTS-0448721, the Welch Foundation (F-1696), the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, and the Alfred P Sloan Foundation. WPK and GG acknowledge support from a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and a UT ChE department fellowship, respectively. JM was supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Intramural Research Program. The Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC), the Biowulf PC/Linux cluster at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and the University at Buffalo Center for Computational Research provided computational resources for this study. NR 40 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-5468 J9 J STAT MECH-THEORY E JI J. Stat. Mech.-Theory Exp. PD APR PY 2009 AR P04006 DI 10.1088/1742-5468/2009/04/P04006 PG 19 WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mechanics; Physics GA 440DQ UT WOS:000265680300007 ER PT J AU Godin, OA AF Godin, Oleg A. TI Retrieval of Green's functions of elastic waves from thermal fluctuations of fluid-solid systems SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NOISE CROSS-CORRELATION; AMBIENT NOISE; ACOUSTIC RADIATION; IMPULSE-RESPONSE; DIFFUSE FIELDS; SEISMIC NOISE; TOMOGRAPHY; OCEAN; EMERGENCE; FLOW AB Fluctuation-dissipation and flow reversal theorems are used to study long-range correlation of thermal phonons in a stationary heterogeneous mechanical system comprised of arbitrary inhomogeneous fluid flow and anisotropic solid. At thermal equilibrium, with an appropriate choice of physical observables to characterize thermal fluctuations within the fluid and within the solid, the general integral expression for the two-point correlation function of the fluctuations reduces to a linear combination of deterministic Green's functions, which describe wave propagation in opposite directions between the two points. It is demonstrated that the cross-correlation of thermal noise contains as much information about the environment as can be obtained in active reciprocal transmission experiments with transceivers placed at the two points. These findings suggest a possible application of ambient noise cross-correlation to passive acoustic characterization of inhomogeneous flows in fluid-solid systems in laboratory and geophysical settings. (c) 2009 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3082101] C1 [Godin, Oleg A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Godin, Oleg A.] DSRC, NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Godin, OA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM oleg.godin@noaa.gov RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-0100] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research through Grant No. N00014-08-1-0100. Discussions with M. Charnotskii, V. G. Irisov, O. I. Lobkis, A. G. Voronovich, and R. I. Weaver are gratefully acknowledged. NR 67 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2009 VL 125 IS 4 BP 1960 EP 1970 DI 10.1121/1.3082101 PN 1 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 442JR UT WOS:000265838000026 PM 19354372 ER PT J AU Godin, OA AF Godin, Oleg A. TI Wave refraction at an interface: Snell's law versus Chapman's law SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ENERGY STREAMLINES; SPHERICAL-SHELL; SCATTERING; VORTICES; BLOCKING; GUIDES; FIELDS AB Energy streamlines provide insights into mechanisms of wave propagation and scattering and are often utilized to visualize wave fields. In contrast to rays, which are essentially an asymptotic, short-wave concept, energy streamlines adequately represent arbitrary wave fields. However, the usefulness of energy streamlines in studies of wave fields is limited by the fact that, unlike rays, no general laws governing energy streamline refraction are known. Here, a simple refraction law is derived for energy streamlines of acoustic and linearly polarized electromagnetic waves. It is shown that analysis of energy streamlines provides a helpful supplementary perspective on wave transmission through interfaces. (C) 2009 Acoustical Society of America C1 [Godin, Oleg A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Godin, Oleg A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Godin, OA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM oleg.godin@noaa.gov RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-0100] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research through Grant No. N00014-08-1-0100. The author thanks D. M. E Chapman for drawing attention to the problem of energy streamline refraction and for several stimulating discussions. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2009 VL 125 IS 4 BP EL117 EP EL122 DI 10.1121/1.3082003 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 442JR UT WOS:000265838000002 PM 19354348 ER PT J AU Lopez-Cepero, JM Wiederhorn, SM Black, D Guin, JP de Arellano-Lopez, AR Martinez-Fernandez, J AF Lopez-Cepero, Jose Manuel Wiederhorn, Sheldon M. Black, David Guin, Jean-Pierre de Arellano-Lopez, Antonio R. Martinez-Fernandez, Julian TI Dislocations at Prismatic Fracture Surfaces in Sapphire SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Single-crystal sapphire exhibits a highly anisotropic fracture behavior. The surfaces of specimens fractured along prismatic planes are wavy, with fractographic features appearing as small areas of contrast under an optical microscope. Optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray topography, and confocal microscopy are used to demonstrate a correlation between the areas of contrast and dislocations penetrating the sample surface. The surface features are argued to be a consequence of the stress field surrounding the dislocations, which deflect the crack approximately 10 nm normal to the surface as the crack cuts the dislocations. The lateral extent of measurable surface deflection is of the order of 5 mu m. These images can be compared directly to show the equivalence of the position of the dislocations observed by X-ray topography and the surface contrast observed optically. C1 [Wiederhorn, Sheldon M.; Black, David] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lopez-Cepero, Jose Manuel; de Arellano-Lopez, Antonio R.; Martinez-Fernandez, Julian] Univ Seville, Dept Condensed Matter Phys, Biomimet & Multifunct Mat Grp, Seville 41080, Spain. [Guin, Jean-Pierre] Univ Rennes 1, Lab Appl Mech LARMAUR, F-35042 Rennes, France. RP Wiederhorn, SM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sheldon.wiederhorn@nist.gov RI guin, jean-pierre/A-5969-2009; MARTINEZ FERNANDEZ, JULIAN/K-1826-2012; OI guin, jean-pierre/0000-0003-2480-5893; MARTINEZ FERNANDEZ, JULIAN/0000-0002-1199-6638; R. de Arellano Lopez, Antonio/0000-0002-7443-0244 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Education [MAT2006-13005-C03-03]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Scientific and Teaching Personnel Formation FX This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education; project MAT2006-13005-C03-03. Use of the advanced photon source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Jose M. Lopez-Cepero acknowledges the support of the Junta de Andalucia (Scientific and Teaching Personnel Formation grant). NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD APR PY 2009 VL 92 IS 4 BP 845 EP 849 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02908.x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 431PU UT WOS:000265076000013 ER PT J AU Jochum, T Reimanis, IE Lance, MJ Fuller, ER AF Jochum, Timothy Reimanis, Ivar E. Lance, Michael J. Fuller, Edwin R., Jr. TI In Situ Raman Indentation of beta-Eucryptite: Characterization of the Pressure-Induced Phase Transformation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-EXPANSION; INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; LIALSIO4; BETA-LIALSIO4; CRYSTAL AB A pressure-induced phase transformation in the lithium aluminum silicate beta-eucryptite was studied with in situ Raman spectroscopy. Dense beta-eucryptite composites were made via powder synthesis followed by sintering. The specimens were then subjected to diamond indentation up to applied contact stresses of about 8 GPa, while collecting Raman spectra. The appearance of a Raman peak (similar to 520 cm(-1)) at a contact stress of about 3 GPa likely corresponds to the reversible phase transformation of beta-eucryptite to the orthorhombic phase epsilon-eucryptite. Loading and unloading in situ Raman indentation experiments are discussed with regards to this transformation. C1 [Jochum, Timothy; Reimanis, Ivar E.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Lance, Michael J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Fuller, Edwin R., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reimanis, IE (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM reimanis@mines.edu RI Lance, Michael/I-8417-2016 OI Lance, Michael/0000-0001-5167-5452 FU National Science Foundation Ceramics Program [DMR-0746086]; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-07ER46397]; Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Program; High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; UT-Battelle LLC; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Funding is acknowledged from the National Science Foundation Ceramics Program Grant #DMR-0746086 (TJ) and the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences Grant #DE-FG02-07ER46397 (IR). HTML Research is sponsored by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Program, as part of the High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD APR PY 2009 VL 92 IS 4 BP 857 EP 863 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.02994.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 431PU UT WOS:000265076000015 ER PT J AU Collins, MJ AF Collins, Mathias J. TI EVIDENCE FOR CHANGING FLOOD RISK IN NEW ENGLAND SINCE THE LATE 20TH CENTURY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE surface water hydrology; flooding; climate variability; hydroclimatology; runoff ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; STREAMFLOW TRENDS; US STREAMFLOW; LOW FLOWS; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; FREQUENCY AB Long-term flow records for watersheds with minimal human influence have shown trends in recent decades toward increasing streamflow at regional and national scales, especially for low flow quantiles like the annual minimum and annual median flows. Trends for high flow quantiles are less clear, despite recent research showing increased precipitation in the conterminous United States over the last century that has been brought about primarily by an increased frequency and intensity of events in the upper 10th percentile of the daily precipitation distribution - particularly in the Northeast. This study investigates trends in 28 long-term annual flood series for New England watersheds with dominantly natural streamflow. The flood series are an average of 75 years in length and are continuous through 2006. Twenty-five series show upward trends via the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test, 40% (10) of which are statistically significant (p < 0.1). Moreover, an average standardized departures series for 23 of the study gages indicates that increasing flood magnitudes in New England occurred as a step change around 1970. The timing of this is broadly synchronous with a phase change in the low frequency variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation, a prominent upper atmospheric circulation pattern that is known to effect climate variability along the United States east coast. Identifiable hydroclimatic shifts should be considered when the affected flow records are used for flood frequency analyses. Special treatment of the flood series can improve the analyses and provide better estimates of flood magnitudes and frequencies under the prevailing hydroclimatic condition. C1 NOAA, Restorat Ctr, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. RP Collins, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Restorat Ctr, 55 Great Republ Dr, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. EM Mathias.Collins@noaa.gov OI Collins, Mathias/0000-0003-4238-2038 NR 37 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2009 VL 45 IS 2 BP 279 EP 290 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00277.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 424KA UT WOS:000264564400001 ER PT J AU Zurita-Gotor, P Vallis, GK AF Zurita-Gotor, Pablo Vallis, Geoffrey K. TI Equilibration of Baroclinic Turbulence in Primitive Equations and Quasigeostrophic Models SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE EDDIES; EDDY HEAT-FLUX; STATIC STABILITY; BETA-PLANE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; CLIMATE EQUILIBRIUM; LIFE-CYCLES; WAVES; ADJUSTMENT; FLOWS AB This paper investigates the equilibration of baroclinic turbulence in an idealized, primitive equation, two-level model, focusing on the relation with the phenomenology of quasigeostrophic turbulence theory. Simulations with a comparable two-layer quasigeostrophic model are presented for comparison, with the deformation radius in the quasigeostrophic model being set using the stratification from the primitive equation model. Over a fairly broad parameter range, the primitive equation and quasigeostrophic results are in qualitative and, to some degree, quantitative agreement and are consistent with the phenomenology of geostrophic turbulence. The scale, amplitude, and baroclinicity of the eddies and the degree of baroclinic instability of the mean flow all vary fairly smoothly with the imposed parameters; both models are able, in some parameter ranges, to produce supercritical flows. The criticality in the primitive equation model, which does not have any convective parameterization scheme, is fairly sensitive to the external parameters, most notably the planet size (i.e., the f/beta ratio), the forcing time scale, and the factors influencing the stratification. In some parameter settings of the models, although not those that are most realistic for the earth's atmosphere, it is possible to produce eddies that are considerably larger than the deformation scales and an inverse cascade in the barotropic flow with a -5/3 spectrum. The vertical flux of heat is found to be related to the isentropic slope. C1 [Vallis, Geoffrey K.] Princeton Univ, AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Vallis, Geoffrey K.] GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Zurita-Gotor, Pablo] Univ Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain. RP Vallis, GK (reprint author), Princeton Univ, AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM gkv@princeton.edu RI Zurita-Gotor, Pablo/A-5045-2008 OI Zurita-Gotor, Pablo/0000-0002-6873-7645 NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR PY 2009 VL 66 IS 4 BP 837 EP 863 DI 10.1175/2008JAS2848.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 439PP UT WOS:000265639800003 ER PT J AU Lorenz, VO AF Lorenz, V. O. TI Non-Markovian dynamics in a dense atomic vapor SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTON-ECHO; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; SOLVENT DYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; PROBES AB Two- and three-pulse photon echo spectroscopy in a dense potassium vapor reveals a non-Markovian correlation function of frequency fluctuations. Through comparison with calculations using an exciton picture a slowly-decaying component of the correlation function is attributed to long-range resonant interactions. A time-resolved photon echo experiment shows the photon-echo-like behavior at short timescales. C1 [Lorenz, V. O.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lorenz, V. O.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lorenz, VO (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM v.lorenz1@physics.ox.ac.uk FU NSF FX The author thanks S. T. Cundiff, S. Mukamel, and W. Zhuang for their collaboration in this work and for helpful discussions and thanks H. Green and T. Asnicar for technical assistance and the design and fabrication of the vapor cells [16]. This work was supported by the NSF. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1054-660X J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD APR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 4 BP 766 EP 768 DI 10.1134/S1054660X09040331 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 431EG UT WOS:000265043500033 ER PT J AU Hendricks, JH Mohan, P AF Hendricks, Jay H. Mohan, Pardeep TI Theme: Vacuum Metrology Preface SO MAPAN-JOURNAL OF METROLOGY SOCIETY OF INDIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hendricks, Jay H.] NIST, Pressure & Vacuum Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mohan, Pardeep] Natl Phys Lab, New Delhi 110012, India. RP Hendricks, JH (reprint author), NIST, Pressure & Vacuum Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU METROLOGY SOC INDIA PI NEW DELHI PA NPL PREMISES, DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, NEW DELHI, 110 012, INDIA SN 0970-3950 J9 MAPAN-J METROL SOC I JI MAPAN-J. Metrol. Soc. India PD APR-JUN PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 BP 75 EP 76 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 481WU UT WOS:000268844200001 ER PT J AU Mirimin, L Westgate, A Rogan, E Rosel, P Read, A Coughlan, J Cross, T AF Mirimin, Luca Westgate, Andrew Rogan, Emer Rosel, Patricia Read, Andrew Coughlan, Jamie Cross, Tom TI Population structure of short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) in the North Atlantic Ocean as revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PORPOISE PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; STENELLA-COERULEOALBA; CETACEAN POPULATIONS; GALICIAN WATERS; HUMPBACK WHALES AB The understanding of population structure and gene flow of marine pelagic species is paramount to monitoring, management and conservation studies. Such studies are often hampered by the potentially high dispersal behavior of the species, the lack of obvious geographical barriers in the marine environment and the scarce sample availability. Short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) are widespread in coastal and open-ocean habitats of the North Atlantic Ocean, nevertheless population structure and migratory patterns are poorly understood. Furthermore, concern has been raised about the status of the species because large numbers of dolphins have been taken incidentally in several fisheries throughout the North Atlantic in the past decades. In the present study, a large number of individual samples were obtained from seasonal and spatial aggregations of common dolphins from western (wNA) and eastern North Atlantic (eNA) regions, mostly using opportunistic sampling (i.e. from incidental entanglement in fishing gear or beach-cast carcasses). Genetic variability was investigated using nuclear (14 microsatellite loci) and mitochondrial (360 bp of the control region) genetic markers. Levels of genetic diversity were relatively high in all sampled areas and no evidence of recent reduction of effective population size (i.e. bottleneck) was detected at the nuclear loci. Significant population structure was detected between the two main regions (wNA and eNA) where it appeared to be more pronounced at mitochondrial (F (ST) = 0.018, P < 0.001) than nuclear markers (F (ST) = 0.005, P < 0.05), indicating the presence of at least two genetically distinct populations of common dolphins in the North Atlantic Ocean. In contrast, no significant genetic structure was detected between temporal aggregations of dolphins from within the same region, suggesting possible seasonal movement patterns at a regional scale. The observed levels of genetic differentiation between classes of markers are discussed here as a possible consequence of migratory patterns or recent population subdivision. C1 [Mirimin, Luca; Rogan, Emer; Coughlan, Jamie; Cross, Tom] Univ Coll Cork, Dept Zool Ecol & Plant Sci, Cork, Ireland. [Westgate, Andrew] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Rosel, Patricia] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Read, Andrew] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Mirimin, L (reprint author), Univ Coll Cork, Dept Zool Ecol & Plant Sci, North Mall, Cork, Ireland. EM lmirimin@gmail.com FU EU [FAIR-CT95-0523]; Irish Higher Education Authority (HEA) (Republic of Ireland); Northeast Fisheries Science Center, NMFS [43EANF030087] FX The authors would like to thank three anonymous reviewers and Dr. Sinead Murphy for proving valuable comments and elements for discussion in previous versions of the manuscript. A special thank goes to all people who provided samples, including fisheries observers who spent many days at sea collecting samples under very diYcult conditions and stranding networks workers. Samples from the English Channel were kindly provided by Dr. Simon Northridge (SMRU). Dr. Ursula Siebert greatly helped with shipment of samples between the USA and Europe. We were also able to obtain many high quality samples from numerous stranding organizations including: the Virginia Marine Science Museum, NMFS-Beaufort, Mystic Aquarium, New England Aquarium, Cape Cod Stranding Network, and the University of North Carolina Wilmington Marine Mammal Stranding Network. Anna Sellas, Sarah Kingston and Lara Adams deserve special thanks. All specimens were obtained under appropriate US government collection permits. We thank Gordon Waring for his patience in administering this contract. In Ireland, samples were collected with help from the Irish Whale and Dolphin group, and grants from the Heritage Council, National Parks and Wildlife Service, the two EU funded projects: FAIR-CT95-0523: Assessment and Reduction of the By-catch of Small Cetaceans of Small Cetaceans (BY-CARE) and EVK3-2000-00027: Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in small cetaceans in European waters: transport pathways and impact on reproduction (BIOCET). This analysis was possible thanks to financial support from the Irish Higher Education Authority (HEA) (Republic of Ireland) and from the Northeast Fisheries Science Center, NMFS ( Reference Order 43EANF030087) ( USA). NR 108 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 32 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 156 IS 5 BP 821 EP 834 DI 10.1007/s00227-008-1120-y PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 413YA UT WOS:000263829900002 ER PT J AU Mirimin, L Westgate, A Rogan, E Rosel, P Read, A Coughlan, J Cross, T AF Mirimin, Luca Westgate, Andrew Rogan, Emer Rosel, Patricia Read, Andrew Coughlan, Jamie Cross, Tom TI Population structure of short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) in the North Atlantic Ocean as revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers (vol 156, pg 821, 2009) SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Mirimin, Luca; Rogan, Emer; Coughlan, Jamie; Cross, Tom] Univ Coll Cork, Dept Zool Ecol & Plant Sci, Cork, Ireland. [Westgate, Andrew] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Rosel, Patricia] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Read, Andrew] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Mirimin, L (reprint author), Univ Coll Cork, Dept Zool Ecol & Plant Sci, North Mall, Cork, Ireland. EM lmirimin@gmail.com NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 156 IS 5 BP 1087 EP 1087 DI 10.1007/s00227-009-1147-8 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 413YA UT WOS:000263829900024 ER PT J AU Baird, RW Gorgone, AM McSweeney, DJ Ligon, AD Deakos, MH Webster, DL Schorr, GS Martien, KK Salden, DR Mahaffy, SD AF Baird, Robin W. Gorgone, Antoinette M. McSweeney, Daniel J. Ligon, Allan D. Deakos, Mark H. Webster, Daniel L. Schorr, Gregory S. Martien, Karen K. Salden, Dan R. Mahaffy, Sabre D. TI Population structure of island-associated dolphins: Evidence from photo-identification of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the main Hawaiian Islands SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bottlenose dolphin; Hawai'i; movements; population structure; Tursiops truncatus ID WHALES PSEUDORCA-CRASSIDENS; EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; SITE FIDELITY; NORTH PACIFIC; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; CYCLONIC EDDIES; DNA ANALYSES; MOVEMENTS; REPRODUCTION; PATTERNS AB Management agencies often use geopolitical boundaries as proxies for biological boundaries. In Hawaiian waters a single stock is recognized of common bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, a species that is found both in open water and near-shore among the main Hawaiian Islands. To assess population structure, we photo-identified 336 distinctive individuals from the main Hawaiian Islands, from 2000 to 2006. Their generally shallow-water distribution, and numerous within-year and between-year resightings within island areas suggest that individuals are resident to the islands, rather than part of an offshore population moving through the area. Comparisons of identifications obtained from Kaua'i/Ni'ihau, O'ahu, the "4-island area," and the island of Hawai'i showed no evidence of movements among these island groups, although movements from Kaua'i to Ni'ihau and among the "4-islands" were documented. A Bayesian analysis examining the probability of missing movements among island groups, given our sample sizes for different areas, indicates that interisland movement rates are less than 1% per year with 95% probability. Our results suggest the existence of multiple demographically independent populations of island-associated common bottlenose dolphins around the main Hawaiian islands. C1 [Baird, Robin W.; Schorr, Gregory S.; Mahaffy, Sabre D.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Gorgone, Antoinette M.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [McSweeney, Daniel J.; Mahaffy, Sabre D.] Wild Whale Res Fdn, Holualoa, HI 96725 USA. [Ligon, Allan D.] Hawaiian Isl Humpback Whale Natl Marine Sanctuary, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. [Deakos, Mark H.] Hawaii Assoc Marine Educ & Res Inc, Lahaina, HI 96761 USA. [Webster, Daniel L.] Bridger Consulting Grp, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Martien, Karen K.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Salden, Dan R.] Hawaii Whale Res Fdn, Maryville, IL 62062 USA. RP Baird, RW (reprint author), Cascadia Res Collect, 2181-2 W 4th Ave, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM rwbaird@cascadiaresearch.org FU Southwest Fisheries Science Center; U.S. Navy [N-45]; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Wild Whale Research Foundation, Dolphin Quest; Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary; Marine Mammal Commission; David Jung of the Island Marine Institute FX Dedicated field efforts were funded by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, the U.S. Navy (N-45), the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, the Wild Whale Research Foundation, Dolphin Quest, the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary, the Marine Mammal Commission, and the M. R. and Evelyn Hudson Foundation. Additional logistical support was received from David Jung of the Island Marine Institute, Hannah Bernard and Bill Gilmartin of the Hawaii Wildlife Fund, and Joe Mobley of the University of Hawai'i. MHD would like to thank the Marine Mammal Research Consultants for equipment contributions, and the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary for funding support. DRS would like to thank Whale Quest Kapalua, UFO Chuting, Central Pacific Marine, and Atlantic Submarine for support. We would like to thank Alison Stimpert/Oceanwide Science Institute and Doug Perrine for providing additional photos. A number of individuals helped in the field, but we would particularly like to thank La'Ren Antoine, Erica Busatto, Mike Christie, Amanda Cummins, Annie Douglas, Mary Grady, Sascha Hooker, Katie Jones, Saeko Kumagai, Ed Lyman, Alice Mackay, David Mattila, David Nichols, and Amy Sloan for assisting with surveys and photographing dolphins. We would like to thank Jeremy Davies for processing the depth data and Rich Cosgrove for calculating swim distances between sighting locations. Research was undertaken under NMFS Scientific Research Permits No. 587, 731, 774, and 782, and sampling within the Kaho'olawe Island Reserve was undertaken under the authorization of the Kaho'olawe Island Reserve Commission. We thank Jay Barlow, Tim Gerrodette, Aleta Hohn, Dave Johnston, Gretchen Steiger, Randy Wells, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 55 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 2 BP 251 EP 274 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00257.x PG 24 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 433TM UT WOS:000265228700001 ER PT J AU Williams, R Noren, DP AF Williams, Rob Noren, Dawn P. TI Swimming speed, respiration rate, and estimated cost of transport in adult killer whales SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE activity budget; cetacean; cost of transport; energetics; marine mammal; metabolism; whale ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; SEQUENTIAL MEGAFAUNAL COLLAPSE; STELLER SEA LIONS; ORCINUS-ORCA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MARINE MAMMALS; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; METABOLIC-RATE; MINKE WHALES; ENERGETICS AB The physiology of free-ranging cetaceans is difficult to study and as a consequence, data on the energetics of these animals are limited. To better understand the energetic cost of swimming in killer whales, total cost of transport (COT) was estimated from swimming speeds and respiration rates from wild adult northern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) and reported values of oxygen consumption in captive whales. Respiration rate (breaths per minute) was positively correlated with swimming speed (meters per second), while mass-specific COT (Joules per kilogram per meter) decreased with speed. Lack of data on very fast-swimming animals hindered assessment of the exact speed at which COT was minimal. However, minimum mass-specific COT for killer whales in the present study approached those predicted by a previously published allometric equation for marine mammals, and corresponded to "optimal" swimming speeds of 2.6-3 m/s. Interestingly, the observed average swimming speed (1.6 m/s) was lower than predicted optimal swimming speed. Finally, females with dependent calves had higher respiration rates than females without calves. These findings could be due to synchronous breathing with calves or could result from increased costs of lactation and swimming with a calf in echelon formation. Consequently, females with calves may have much greater COT at optimal swimming speeds than females without calves. C1 [Williams, Rob] Marine Mammal Res Unit, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Noren, Dawn P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Williams, R (reprint author), Marine Mammal Res Unit, Room 247,AERL,2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM r.williams@fisheries.ubc.ca OI Williams, Rob/0000-0001-7496-453X FU BC Parks; Mountain Equipment Co-op; NWFSC; Whale & Dolphin Cetacean Society FX The authors would like to thank Erin Ashe, David Briggs, Cheryl Ciccone, Colin Mahony, Anna Spong, and various volunteers for assistance with field data collection during this 9-year study, and BC Parks, Mountain Equipment Co-op, NWFSC, and Whale & Dolphin Cetacean Society for funding. RW was responsible for data collection and processing and, together with DN, designed the study. DN designed and carried out the analyses to determine COT. We thank David Bain, Volker Deecke, Birgit Kriete, David Lusseau, and Shawn Noren for assistance at the data analysis and writing stages and for reviewing earlier drafts of the manuscript, and Christel Martin for assistance with manuscript preparation. We thank Terrie Williams, David Rosen, Graeme Hays, and an anonymous reviewer for their suggestions, which improved the manuscript. The views expressed in this manuscript are ours personally and do not necessarily reflect any position of the U.S. Government or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. All data were collected non-invasively on free-ranging killer whales, in accordance with Canadian laws regarding treatment of study animals. NR 60 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 2 BP 327 EP 350 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00255.x PG 24 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 433TM UT WOS:000265228700005 ER PT J AU Alves, LCPD Andriolo, A Zerbini, AN Pizzorno, JLA Clapham, PJ AF De SA Alves, Luiz Claudio Pinto Andriolo, Artur Zerbini, Alexandre N. Altmayer Pizzorno, Jose Luis Clapham, Phillip J. TI Record of feeding by humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in tropical waters off Brazil SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; ATLANTIC C1 [De SA Alves, Luiz Claudio Pinto; Andriolo, Artur; Zerbini, Alexandre N.; Altmayer Pizzorno, Jose Luis] Inst Aqualie, Projeto Monitoramento Baleias Satelite, BR-22763010 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Andriolo, Artur] Univ Fed Juiz Fora, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Zool, BR-36036330 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.; Clapham, Phillip J.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Alves, LCPD (reprint author), Inst Aqualie, Projeto Monitoramento Baleias Satelite, Rua Edgard Werneck,428-32, BR-22763010 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM lcpsalves@yahoo.com.br RI Andriolo, Artur/K-5624-2013; Zerbini, Alexandre/G-4138-2012 OI Andriolo, Artur/0000-0002-5582-0183; NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 2 BP 416 EP 419 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00249.x PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 433TM UT WOS:000265228700010 ER PT J AU Wells, RS Manire, CA Byrd, L Smith, DR Gannon, JG Mullin, KD AF Wells, Randall S. Manire, Charles A. Byrd, Lynne Smith, David R. Gannon, Janet G. Mullin, Keith D. TI Movements and dive patterns of a rehabilitated Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus, in the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; CETACEANS C1 [Wells, Randall S.; Gannon, Janet G.] Mote Marine Lab, Ctr Marine Mammal & Sea Turtle Res, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Manire, Charles A.; Byrd, Lynne; Smith, David R.] Dolphin & Whale Hosp, Mote Marine Lab & Aquarium, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Mullin, Keith D.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. RP Wells, RS (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, Ctr Marine Mammal & Sea Turtle Res, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. EM rwells@mote.org NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 2 BP 420 EP 429 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00251.x PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 433TM UT WOS:000265228700011 ER PT J AU Patrician, MR Biedron, IS Esch, HC Wenzel, FW Cooper, LA Hamilton, PK Glass, AH Baumgartner, MF AF Patrician, Melissa R. Biedron, Ingrid S. Esch, H. Carter Wenzel, Frederick W. Cooper, Lindsay A. Hamilton, Philip K. Glass, Allison H. Baumgartner, Mark F. TI Evidence of a North Atlantic right whale calf (Eubalaena glacialis) born in northeastern US waters SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY; HABITAT; SHELF C1 [Patrician, Melissa R.; Esch, H. Carter; Baumgartner, Mark F.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Biedron, Ingrid S.] Cornell Lab Ornithol, Bioacoust Res Program, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Wenzel, Frederick W.; Glass, Allison H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Cooper, Lindsay A.; Hamilton, Philip K.] New England Aquarium, Boston, MA 02110 USA. RP Patrician, MR (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, MS 32, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM mpatrician@whoi.edu NR 43 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 2 BP 462 EP 477 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00261.x PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 433TM UT WOS:000265228700016 ER PT J AU Rick, TC DeLong, RL Erlandson, JM Braje, TJ Jones, TL Kennett, DJ Wake, TA Walker, PL AF Rick, Torben C. DeLong, Robert L. Erlandson, Jon M. Braje, Todd J. Jones, Terry L. Kennett, Douglas J. Wake, Thomas A. Walker, Phillip L. TI A trans-Holocene archaeological record of Guadalupe fur seals (Arctocephalus townsendi) on the California coast SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SAN-MIGUEL ISLAND; MAMMALS C1 [Rick, Torben C.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [DeLong, Robert L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Erlandson, Jon M.; Kennett, Douglas J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Anthropol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Erlandson, Jon M.] Univ Oregon, Museum Nat & Cultural Hist, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Braje, Todd J.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Jones, Terry L.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Social Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Wake, Thomas A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Cotsen Inst Archaeol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Walker, Phillip L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Anthropol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Rick, TC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM rickt@si.edu RI Kennett, Douglas/I-7613-2015; OI Kennett, Douglas/0000-0001-5133-9010; Erlandson, Jon/0000-0002-4705-4319 FU Channel Islands National Park FX We thank Channel Islands National Park for supporting our research. Ann Huston, Kelly Minas, Ian Williams, Mark Senning, and Steve Schwartz have been instrumental in providing logistical and other support for our work. Finally, we thank Daryl Boness, Kathryn Ono, R. Lee Lyman, and two anonymous reviewers for comments that substantially improved this manuscript. NR 70 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 2 BP 487 EP 502 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00273.x PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 433TM UT WOS:000265228700018 ER PT J AU Magni, P Tagliapietra, D Lardicci, C Balthis, L Castelli, A Como, S Frangipane, G Giordani, G Hyland, J Maltagliati, F Pessa, G Rismondo, A Tataranni, M Tomassetti, P Viaroli, P AF Magni, P. Tagliapietra, D. Lardicci, C. Balthis, L. Castelli, A. Como, S. Frangipane, G. Giordani, G. Hyland, J. Maltagliati, F. Pessa, G. Rismondo, A. Tataranni, M. Tomassetti, P. Viaroli, P. TI Animal-sediment relationships: Evaluating the 'Pearson-Rosenberg paradigm' in Mediterranean coastal lagoons SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Macrobenthos; Ecological indicators; Eutrophication; Benthic diversity; Coastal lagoons; Mediterranean Sea ID SEVERE DYSTROPHIC CRISES; BENTHIC INDICATORS; TRANSITIONAL WATERS; MACROZOOBENTHIC COMMUNITY; BIOGEOCHEMICAL INDICATORS; ORGANIC ENRICHMENT; ESTUARINE QUALITY; BIOTIC INDEXES; FRAMEWORK; SARDINIA AB We investigated the applicability of the Pearson-Rosenberg (P-R) conceptual model describing a generalized pattern of response of benthic communities in relation to organic enrichment to Mediterranean Sea coastal lagoons. Consistent with P-R model predictions, benthic diversity and abundance showed two different peaks at low (>2.5-5 mg g(-1)) and high (>25-30 mg g(-1)) total organic carbon (TOC) ranges, respectively. We identified TOC thresholds indicating that risks of reduced benthic diversity should be relatively low at TOC values < about 10 mg g(-1), high at TOC values > about 28 mg g(-1), and intermediate at values in-between. Predictive ability within these ranges was high based on results of re-sampling simulation. While not a direct measure of causality, it is anticipated that these TOC thresholds should serve as a general screening-level indicator for evaluating the likelihood of reduced sediment quality and associated bioeffects in such eutrophic systems of the Mediterranean Sea. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Magni, P.] CNR, IAMC, I-09072 Oristano, Italy. [Tagliapietra, D.; Frangipane, G.] CNR ISMAR, I-30122 Venice, Italy. [Lardicci, C.; Castelli, A.; Maltagliati, F.; Tataranni, M.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Biol, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Balthis, L.; Hyland, J.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Magni, P.; Como, S.] IMC, I-09072 Oristano, Italy. [Giordani, G.; Viaroli, P.] Univ Parma, Dipartimento Sci Ambientali, I-43100 Parma, Italy. [Pessa, G.; Rismondo, A.] SELC Soc Cooperat, I-30175 Venice, Italy. [Tomassetti, P.] ISPRA, I-00168 Rome, Italy. RP Magni, P (reprint author), CNR, IAMC, I-09072 Oristano, Italy. EM paolo.magni@cnr.it RI Giordani, Gianmarco/A-3011-2011; Magni, Paolo/F-2691-2012; Viaroli, Pierluigi/M-3762-2014; CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; OI Giordani, Gianmarco/0000-0002-5726-6470; Magni, Paolo/0000-0001-5955-6829; Viaroli, Pierluigi/0000-0002-6396-2894; CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Tagliapietra, Davide/0000-0002-3394-4089 FU EU Network of Excellence MarBEF [MPS-09001] FX This work was made possible through the collaborative effort of several scientists within the BenTOC initiative of LaguNet (Italian Network for Lagoon Research). Source data of the Venice lagoon are from the Ministry of infrastructures and Transport - Magistrato alle Acque di Venezia (Water Authority of Venice) through the Consorzio Venezia Nuova. We gratefully acknowledge an anonymous reviewer for valuable comments on an early version of this manuscript. It is contribution number MPS-09001 of the EU Network of Excellence MarBEF. NR 64 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 478 EP 486 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.12.009 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 442AN UT WOS:000265812200013 PM 19162282 ER PT J AU Kattner, UR Campbell, CE AF Kattner, U. R. Campbell, C. E. TI Modelling of thermodynamics and diffusion in multicomponent systems SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE CALPHAD; Databases; Diffusion; Phase equilibria; Thermodynamics ID FE-NI ALLOYS; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS DESIGN; REGULAR SOLUTION MODEL; PHASE-FIELD MODEL; CLUSTER/SITE APPROXIMATION; IRREVERSIBLE-PROCESSES; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; RECIPROCAL RELATIONS; NUMERICAL TREATMENT; SELF-DIFFUSION AB The availability of reliable materials data is key to the successful design of materials and manufacturing processes. Commercial alloys seldom consist of only two or three elements, but rather may contain a large number of elements for which the needed data are rarely available. The CALPHAD (calculation of phase diagrams method), as implemented in a number of software tools, enables the development of thermodynamic and diffusion databases and the extrapolation of these property data from binary and ternary systems to higher order systems. The computational methods used to calculate thermodynamic and diffusion properties can be invaluable in the design of new materials. In addition, the databases and software tools provide an efficient method of storing a wealth of data and allow efficient retrieval of the needed information. The present paper reviews the development and application of multicomponent thermodynamic and diffusion mobility databases using the CALPHAD method. C1 [Kattner, U. R.; Campbell, C. E.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kattner, UR (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8555, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ursula.kattner@nist.gov NR 183 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 43 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-0836 EI 1743-2847 J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND JI Mater. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 443 EP 459 DI 10.1179/174328408X372001 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 438XR UT WOS:000265590200003 ER PT J AU Lee, S Chung, JH Liu, XY Furdyna, JK Kirby, BJ AF Lee, Sanghoon Chung, J. -H. Liu, Xinyu Furdyna, Jacek K. Kirby, Brian J. TI Ferromagnetic semiconductor GaMnAs SO MATERIALS TODAY LA English DT Review ID III-V SEMICONDUCTORS; DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; INTERLAYER EXCHANGE; CURIE-TEMPERATURE; TRILAYER STRUCTURES; MAGNETOTRANSPORT PROPERTIES; HOLE CONCENTRATION; SUPERLATTICES; (GA; ANISOTROPY AB The newly-developing spintronics technology requires materials that allow control of both the charge and the spin degrees of freedom of the charge carriers. Ferromagnetic semiconductors (SC) are considered suitable due to simultaneous presence of magnetic order and of semiconducting properties. GaMnAs is one of the most intensively studied ferromagnetic SC. In this paper we will review recent research and accomplishments regarding two technologically important properties - magnetic anisotropy and interlayer coupling - of GaMnAs-based multilayer structures, with an eye on their potential role in practical devices. C1 [Lee, Sanghoon; Chung, J. -H.] Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Liu, Xinyu; Furdyna, Jacek K.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Kirby, Brian J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 136701, South Korea. EM slee3@korea.ac.kr FU Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) [R01-2008-000-10057-0]; Seoul RDB Program; Korea University Grant; KOSEF through the Nuclear RD Programs [M20701050003-08N0105-00311]; NSF [DMR06-03752] FX This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korean government (MEST) (No. R01-2008-000-10057-0); by the Seoul R&DB Program; by Korea University Grant; by KOSEF through the Nuclear R&D Programs (M20701050003-08N0105-00311); and by NSF Grant No. DMR06-03752. NR 92 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7021 EI 1873-4103 J9 MATER TODAY JI Mater. Today PD APR PY 2009 VL 12 IS 4 BP 14 EP 21 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 435MW UT WOS:000265349000013 ER PT J AU Kreider, KG Ripple, DC Kimes, AA AF Kreider, Kenneth G. Ripple, Dean C. Kimes, Andwilliam A. TI Thin-film resistance thermometers on silicon wafers SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE temperature measurement; platinum resistance thermometers; thin-film platinum sensors; Si wafer processing ID THERMOCOUPLES AB We have fabricated Pt thin-film resistors directly sputtered on silicon substrates to evaluate their use as resistance thermal detectors (RTDs). This technique was chosen to achieve more accurate temperature measurements of large silicon wafers during semiconductor processing. High-purity (0.999 968 mass fraction) platinum was sputter deposited on silicon test coupons using titanium and zirconium bond coats. These test coupons were annealed, and four-point resistance specimens were prepared for thermal evaluation. Their response was compared with calibrated platinum-palladium thermocouples in a tube furnace. We evaluated the effects of furnace atmosphere, thin-film thickness, bond coats, annealing temperature and peak thermal excursion of the Pt thin films. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was performed to evaluate the effect of impurities on the thermal resistance coefficient, alpha. We present typical resistance versus temperature curves, hysteresis plots versus temperature and an analysis of the causes of uncertainties in the measurement of seven test coupons. We conclude that sputtered thinfilm platinum resistors on silicon wafers can yield temperature measurements with uncertainties of less than 1 degrees C, k = 1 up to 600 degrees C. This is comparable to or better than commercially available techniques. C1 [Kreider, Kenneth G.] NIST, KT Consulting, Gaithersburg, MD 20854 USA. RP Kreider, KG (reprint author), NIST, KT Consulting, Gaithersburg, MD 20854 USA. EM kkreider@nist.gov NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 20 IS 4 AR 045206 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/20/4/045206 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 421VQ UT WOS:000264386800018 ER PT J AU Lawall, JR AF Lawall, John R. TI High resolution determination of radii of curvature using Fabry-Perot interferometry SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE radius of curvature; interferometry; Fabry-Perot; metrology ID LONG-RADIUS; FREQUENCY STABILIZATION AB A spectroscopic approach to measuring the radius of curvature of a concave mirror is presented. The mirror is incorporated into a plano-concave Fabry-Perot cavity and the radius of curvature of the concave mirror is inferred from the mode spacing of the transverse modes relative to the longitudinal modes. No mechanical displacement is entailed and the measurement is easily performed in vacuum. The spectroscopic resolution of the technique is better than 1 mu m for a nominal radius of curvature of 1 m, but the accuracy is limited by the figure of the plane mirror in the cavity to approximately 1 mm in the present work. The optical spot size on the mirror under test is of the order of 0.3 mm, so the method should allow the radius of curvature of a mirror to be mapped out spatially with very high resolution. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lawall, JR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.lawall@nist.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 20 IS 4 AR 045302 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/20/4/045302 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 421VQ UT WOS:000264386800021 ER PT J AU Pristinski, D Chastek, TQ AF Pristinski, Denis Chastek, Thomas Q. TI A versatile, low-cost approach to dynamic light scattering SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dynamic light scattering; colloids; particle sizing ID CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; SOFTWARE CORRELATOR; DIFFUSING-WAVE; FIBER-OPTICS; SIZE; SPECTROMETER; INSTRUMENT; DROPLET; PHOTON AB We describe a method for constructing a fiber-optic-based dynamic light scattering (DLS) instrument from commonly available components, without a need for custom-made parts. Details are provided that allow for academic researchers from diverse backgrounds to build this DLS instrument with minimal effort and at a low cost. This approach, while providing good sensitivity and high accuracy (e. g., measuring the size of latex standards to within 1% relative standard deviation), possesses several advantages not found, in their entirety, in existing DLS instrumentation. It was observed that, even though an arbitrary scattering angle could be selected, aligning this instrument to obtain optimal detection efficiency can be completed in as little as a few minutes. Also, complications associated with light refraction at the sample cell interface are avoided. Small volumes (< 10 mu L) can be measured, for example, by hanging a solution droplet from the fiber optic probe tips. In addition, use of fiber optic probes allows the beam path length to be as short as 1.6 mm while measuring at 90., which reduces the likelihood of multiple scattering. With minimal customization, compact submersible probes and a portable battery-operated DLS instrument were made as examples of potential implementation. Finally, this approach is versatile, and can be incorporated into a wide variety of reactors, for in situ characterization, and other instrumentation for hybrid measurements. This type of in situ measurement was conducted after mounting the DLS probes inside a standard three-neck flask. This allowed for direct monitoring of the growth of silica nanoparticles prepared via Stober synthesis. C1 [Pristinski, Denis] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chastek, Thomas Q.] Washington State Univ, Appl Sci Lab, Spokane, WA USA. RP Pristinski, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tchastek@wsu.edu NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 20 IS 4 AR 045705 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/20/4/045705 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 421VQ UT WOS:000264386800035 ER PT J AU Szczypinski, PM Sriram, RD Sriram, PVJ Reddy, DN AF Szczypinski, Piotr M. Sriram, Ram D. Sriram, Parupudi V. J. Reddy, D. Nageshwar TI A model of deformable rings for interpretation of wireless capsule endoscopic videos SO MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Model of deformable rings; Deformable models; Video analysis; Wireless capsule endoscope; Gastrointestinal system ID FEATURE-EXTRACTION; IMAGES; REGISTRATION; EXPERIENCE; TRACKING; 2-D AB Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) provides a means to obtain a detailed video of the small intestine. A single session with WCE may produce nearly 8 h of video. Its interpretation is tedious task, which requires considerable expertise and is very stressful. The Model of Deformable Rings (MDR) was developed to preprocess WCE video and aid clinicians with its interpretation. The MDR uses a simplified model of a capsule's motion to flexibly match (register) consecutive video frames. Essentially, it computes motion-descriptive characteristics and produces a two-dimensional representation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract's internal surface - a map. The motion-descriptive characteristics are used to indicate video fragments which exhibit segmentary contractions, peristalsis, refraction phases and areas of capsule retention. Within maps, certain characteristics that indicate areas of bleeding, ulceration and obscuring froth could be recognized. Therefore, the maps allow quick identification of such abnormal areas. The experimental results demonstrate that the number of discovered pathologies and gastrointestinal landmarks increases with the MDR technique. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Szczypinski, Piotr M.] Tech Univ Lodz, Inst Elect, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. [Sriram, Ram D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sriram, Parupudi V. J.] Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Internal Med Gastroenterol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. [Reddy, D. Nageshwar] Asian Inst Gastroenterol, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Szczypinski, PM (reprint author), Tech Univ Lodz, Inst Elect, Wolczanska 211-215, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. EM pms@p.lodz.pl; sriram@nist.gov FU US Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work was supported by the US Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology. Any mention of organizations, agencies, vendors or commercial products in this document is for illustration only. It does not imply sponsorship, contract, recommendation or endorsement by NIST. NR 44 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1361-8415 J9 MED IMAGE ANAL JI Med. Image Anal. PD APR PY 2009 VL 13 IS 2 BP 312 EP 324 DI 10.1016/j.media.2008.12.002 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 433RT UT WOS:000265224200010 PM 19157954 ER PT J AU Soares, CG Douysset, G Mitch, MG AF Soares, C. G. Douysset, G. Mitch, M. G. TI Primary standards and dosimetry protocols for brachytherapy sources SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID AIR-KERMA-STRENGTH; IONIZATION CHAMBERS; INTRAVASCULAR BRACHYTHERAPY; SECONDARY STANDARD; HDR BRACHYTHERAPY; RADIONUCLIDE CALIBRATOR; OPHTHALMIC APPLICATORS; PROSTATE BRACHYTHERAPY; EXTRAPOLATION CHAMBER; IR-192 SOURCES AB Current primary standards for the calibration of both photon and beta particle emitting brachytherapy sources are reviewed. Methods for quality control being used as well as methods of transferring these standards to secondary laboratories and users are also discussed. Finally, dosimetry protocols for brachytherapy sources are described. C1 [Soares, C. G.; Mitch, M. G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Douysset, G.] CEA, Lab Natl Henri Becquerel, LNE, LIST, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Soares, CG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM csoares@nist.gov NR 64 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD APR PY 2009 VL 46 IS 2 BP S80 EP S98 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/46/2/S06 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 421VK UT WOS:000264386200007 ER PT J AU Grim, JA Rauber, RM Mcfarquhar, GM Jewett, BF Jorgensen, DP AF Grim, Joseph A. Rauber, Robert M. Mcfarquhar, Greg M. Jewett, Brian F. Jorgensen, David P. TI Development and Forcing of the Rear Inflow Jet in a Rapidly Developing and Decaying Squall Line during BAMEX SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; AIRBORNE DOPPLER RADAR; LOW-LEVEL MESOVORTICES; BOW ECHOES; TRAILING REGION; MATCHING MODELS; STRATIFORM RAIN; TOGA COARE; PART II; EVOLUTION AB This study examines the development, structure, and forcing of the rear inflow jet (RIJ) through the life cycle of a small, short-lived squall line over north-central Kansas on 29 June 2003. The analyses were developed from airborne quad-Doppler tail radar data from the NOAA and NRL P-3 aircraft, obtained over a 2-h period encompassing the formation, development, and decay of the squall line during the Bow Echo and Mesoscale Convective Vortex Experiment (BAMEX). The strengthening of the system-relative rear inflow to 17 m s(-1) was concurrent with the formation of a bow echo, an increased dynamic pressure gradient beneath the rearward-tilted updraft, and two counterrotating vortices at either end of the bow. The later weakening of the RIJ to 8 m s(-1) was concurrent with the weakening of the bow, a decreased dynamic pressure gradient at midlevels behind the bow, and the weakening and spreading of the vortices. In a modeling study, Weisman quantified the forcing mechanisms responsible for the development of an RIJ. This present study is the first to quantitatively analyze these mechanisms using observational data. The forcing for the horizontal rear inflow was analyzed at different stages of system evolution by evaluating the contributions of four forcing mechanisms: 1) the horizontal pressure gradient resulting from the vertical buoyancy distribution (delta P(B)), 2) the dynamic pressure gradient induced by the circulation between the vortices (delta P(V)), 3) the dynamic irrotational pressure gradient (delta P(I)), and 4) the background synoptic-scale dynamic pressure gradient (delta P(S)). During the formative stage of the bow, delta P(I) was the strongest forcing mechanism, contributing 50% to the rear inflow. However, during the mature and weakening stages, delta P(I) switched signs and opposed the rear inflow while the combination of delta P(B) and delta P(V) accounted for at least 70% of the rear inflow. The delta P(S) forced 4%-25% of the rear inflow throughout the system evolution. C1 [Grim, Joseph A.; Rauber, Robert M.; Mcfarquhar, Greg M.; Jewett, Brian F.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Jorgensen, David P.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Grim, JA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM grim@ucar.edu OI McFarquhar, Greg/0000-0003-0950-0135; Rauber, Robert/0000-0003-2880-6148 FU National Science Foundation [NSF-ATM-0413824] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Award NSF-ATM-0413824. We thank everyone who participated in the field during BAMEX, making this research possible. We also thank Chris Davis for supplying his code for the removal of the bookend vortices. We acknowledge helpful discussions and feedback from A. Smith, M. Timlin, and B. Guarente. Finally, we appreciate the comments of the anonymous reviewers whose guidance substantially improved the analyses presented in this paper. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2009 VL 137 IS 4 BP 1206 EP 1229 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2503.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 456HF UT WOS:000266834100003 ER PT J AU Lee, JL Macdonald, AE AF Lee, Jin-Luen Macdonald, Alexander E. TI A Finite-Volume Icosahedral Shallow-Water Model on a Local Coordinate SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID BAROTROPIC VORTICITY EQUATION; POTENTIAL ENSTROPHY; SPRING DYNAMICS; SPHERE; INTEGRATION; FORM; SCHEME; DESIGN; TESTS AB An icosahedral-hexagonal shallow-water model (SWM) on the sphere is formulated on a local Cartesian coordinate based on the general stereographic projection plane. It is discretized with the third-order Adam-Bashforth time-differencing scheme and the second-order finite-volume operators for spatial derivative terms. The finite-volume operators are applied to the model variables defined on the nonstaggered grid with the edge variables interpolated using polynomial interpolation. The projected local coordinate reduces the solution space from the three-dimensional, curved, spherical surface to the two-dimensional plane and thus reduces the number of complete sets of basis functions in the Vandermonde matrix, which is the essential component of the interpolation. The use of a local Cartesian coordinate also greatly simplifies the mathematic formulation of the finite-volume operators and leads to the finite-volume integration along straight lines on the plane, rather than along curved lines on the spherical surface. The SWM is evaluated with the standard test cases of Williamson et al. Numerical results show that the icosahedral SWM is free from Pole problems. The SWM is a second-order finite-volume model as shown by the truncation error convergence test. The lee-wave numerical solutions are compared and found to be very similar to the solutions shown in other SWMs. The SWM is stably integrated for several weeks without numerical dissipation using the wavenumber 4 Rossby-Haurwitz solution as an initial condition. It is also shown that the icosahedral SWM achieves mass conservation within round-off errors as one would expect from a finite-volume model. C1 [Lee, Jin-Luen] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Lee, JL (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jin.lee@noaa.gov RI Lee, JIN-LUEN/G-5364-2015 NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2009 VL 137 IS 4 BP 1422 EP 1437 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2639.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 456HF UT WOS:000266834100014 ER PT J AU Mcfarquhar, GM Timlin, MS Rauber, RM Jewett, BF Grim, JA Jorgensen, DP AF Mcfarquhar, Greg M. Timlin, Michael S. Rauber, Robert M. Jewett, Brian F. Grim, Joseph A. Jorgensen, David P. TI Vertical variability of cloud hydrometeors in the stratiform region of mesoscale convective systems and bow echoes (vol 135, pg 3405, 2007) SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Correction C1 [Mcfarquhar, Greg M.; Timlin, Michael S.; Rauber, Robert M.; Jewett, Brian F.; Grim, Joseph A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Jorgensen, David P.] NOAA, Norman, OK USA. RP Mcfarquhar, GM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mcfarq@atmos.uiuc.edu OI McFarquhar, Greg/0000-0003-0950-0135 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2009 VL 137 IS 4 BP 1493 EP 1493 DI 10.1175/2009MWR2938.1 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 456HF UT WOS:000266834100018 ER PT J AU King, GM Carter, AR Churnside, AB Eberle, LS Perkins, TT AF King, Gavin M. Carter, Ashley R. Churnside, Allison B. Eberle, Louisa S. Perkins, Thomas T. TI Ultrastable Atomic Force Microscopy: Atomic-Scale Stability and Registration in Ambient Conditions SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; SINGLE-MOLECULE; PRECISION; TRACKING; LOCALIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; CANTILEVERS; RESOLUTION; METROLOGY; MEMBRANE AB Instrumental drift in atomic force microscopy (AFM) remains a critical, largely unaddressed issue that limits tip-sample stability, registration, and the signal-to-noise ratio during imaging. By scattering a laser off the apex of a commercial AFM tip, we locally measured and thereby actively controlled its three-dimensional position above a sample surface to <40 pm (Delta f = 0.01-10 Hz) in air at room temperature. With this enhanced stability, we overcame the traditional need to scan rapidly while imaging and achieved a 5-fold increase in the image signal-to-noise ratio. Finally, we demonstrated atomic-scale (similar to 100 pm) tip-sample stability and registration over tens of minutes with a series of AFM images on transparent substrates. The stabilization technique requires low laser power (<1 mW), imparts a minimal perturbation upon the cantilever, and is independent of the tip-sample interaction. This work extends atomic-scale tip-sample control, previously restricted to cryogenic temperatures and ultrahigh vacuum, to a wide range of perturbative operating environments. C1 [King, Gavin M.; Carter, Ashley R.; Churnside, Allison B.; Eberle, Louisa S.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Carter, Ashley R.; Churnside, Allison B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Eberle, Louisa S.] Denver Sch Sci & Technol, Denver, CO 80238 USA. RP Perkins, TT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tperkins@jila.colorado.edu OI Perkins, Thomas/0000-0003-4826-9490 FU Wellcome Fund Career Award at the Scientific Interface; National Research Council Research Associateship; Optical Science and Engineering Program NSF-IGERT; National Physical Science Consortium Fellowship; PI Nanolnnovation; NIH Molecular Biophysics Training Scholarship [T32GM-065103]; Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award in the Biomedical Sciences; National Science Foundation [0404286, Phy-1551010]; NIST FX The authors thank Alan Pattee and Hans Green for custom machining and design as well as Daniel Branton, Jene Golovchenko, and Christopher Russo for discussions. We also thank Charles Asbury, Matthew Cote, Scott Jordan, and Joshua Shaevitz for software and related assistance. This work was supported by a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award at the Scientific Interface (G.M.K.), a National Research Council Research Associateship (G.M.K.), an Optical Science and Engineering Program NSF-IGERT Grant (A.R.C.), a National Physical Science Consortium Fellowship (A.R.C.), a PI Nanolnnovation grant (A.R.C.), an NIH Molecular Biophysics Training Scholarship (A.B.C.,T32GM-065103), a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award in the Biomedical Sciences (T.T.P.), a Butcher Grant (T.T.P.), the National Science Foundation (Phy-0404286 and Phy-1551010), and NIST. Mention of commercial products is for infort-nation only; it does not imply NIST's recommendation or endorsement. T.T.P. is a staff member of NIST's Quantum Physics Division. NR 31 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2009 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1451 EP 1456 DI 10.1021/nl803298q PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 430ZB UT WOS:000265030000031 PM 19351191 ER PT J AU Guisinger, NP Rutter, GM Crain, JN First, PN Stroscio, JA AF Guisinger, Nathan P. Rutter, Gregory M. Crain, Jason N. First, Phillip. N. Stroscio, Joseph A. TI Exposure of Epitaxial Graphene on SiC(0001) to Atomic Hydrogen SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; BILAYER GRAPHENE; DANGLING BONDS; SURFACE; PASSIVATION; TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING; GRAPHITE; DEVICES; GAS AB Graphene films on SiC exhibit coherent transport properties that suggest the potential for novel carbon-based nanoelectronics applications. Recent studies suggest that the role of the interface between single layer graphene and silicon-terminated SiC can strongly influence the electronic properties of the graphene overlayer. In this study, we have exposed the graphitized SiC to atomic hydrogen in an effort to passivate dangling bonds at the interface, while investigating the results utilizing room temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. C1 [Guisinger, Nathan P.; Crain, Jason N.; Stroscio, Joseph A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rutter, Gregory M.; First, Phillip. N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Guisinger, NP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 440, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM nguisinger@anl.gov FU Office of Naval Research; NSF [ECS0404084, ECS-0521041]; National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research, and by NSF Grant Nos. ECS0404084 and ECS-0521041. One of the authors (N.P.G.) acknowledges a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship. The authors also thank Mark Stiles for valuable comments and discussions and Mike Sprinkle, Steven Blankenship, Frank Hess, and Alan Band for their technical assistance. NR 30 TC 96 Z9 99 U1 5 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2009 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1462 EP 1466 DI 10.1021/nl803331q PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 430ZB UT WOS:000265030000033 PM 19301926 ER PT J AU Yin, JJ Schlesinger, ME Stouffer, RJ AF Yin, Jianjun Schlesinger, Michael E. Stouffer, Ronald J. TI Model projections of rapid sea-level rise on the northeast coast of the United States SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; SCENARIO; IMPACTS AB Human-induced climate change could cause global sea-level rise. Through the dynamic adjustment of the sea surface in response to a possible slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(1,2), a warming climate could also affect regional sea levels, especially in the North Atlantic region(3), leading to high vulnerability for low-lying Florida and western Europe(4-6). Here we analyse climate projections from a set of state-of-the-art climate models for such regional changes, and find a rapid dynamical rise in sea level on the northeast coast of the United States during the twenty-first century. For New York City, the rise due to ocean circulation changes amounts to 15, 20 and 21 cm for scenarios with low, medium and high rates of emissions respectively, at a similar magnitude to expected global thermal expansion. Analysing one of the climate models in detail, we find that a dynamic, regional rise in sea level is induced by a weakening meridional overturning circulation in the Atlantic Ocean, and superimposed on the global mean sea-level rise. We conclude that together, future changes in sea level and ocean circulation will have a greater effect on the heavily populated northeastern United States than estimated previously(7-9). C1 [Yin, Jianjun] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Schlesinger, Michael E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Climate Res Grp, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Stouffer, Ronald J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Yin, JJ (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM yin@coaps.fsu.edu FU Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI); WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM); Office of Science; US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER64470] FX We thank T.L. Delworth, J.M.Gregory, A.Hu, T.F.Stocker, G.A.Vecchi and M.Winton for comments and suggestions. We also thank many other sat GFDL for carrying out the IPCCAR4 integrations and providing computer and model support. We acknowledge other climate modelling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI), the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) and the Office of Science, US Department of Energy. J.Y. is supported by the US Department of Energy (Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER64470) NR 29 TC 159 Z9 163 U1 10 U2 51 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD APR PY 2009 VL 2 IS 4 BP 262 EP 266 DI 10.1038/NGEO462 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 433XW UT WOS:000265240100015 ER PT J AU Sekula-Wood, E Schnetzer, A Benitez-Nelson, CR Anderson, C Berelson, WM Brzezinski, MA Burns, JM Caron, DA Cetinic, I Ferry, JL Fitzpatrick, E Jones, BH Miller, PE Morton, SL Schaffner, RA Siegel, DA Thunell, R AF Sekula-Wood, Emily Schnetzer, Astrid Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R. Anderson, Clarissa Berelson, William M. Brzezinski, Mark A. Burns, Justina M. Caron, David A. Cetinic, Ivona Ferry, John L. Fitzpatrick, Elizabeth Jones, Burton H. Miller, Peter E. Morton, Steve L. Schaffner, Rebecca A. Siegel, David A. Thunell, Robert TI Rapid downward transport of the neurotoxin domoic acid in coastal waters SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIATOM PSEUDONITZSCHIA-AUSTRALIS; PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA-AUSTRALIS; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; MONTEREY BAY; SEA LIONS; CALIFORNIA; PHOTODEGRADATION; USA; EUTROPHICATION; ABUNDANCE AB Toxic phytoplankton blooms threaten coastlines worldwide by diminishing beach quality and adversely affecting marine ecosystems and human health(1,2). The common diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia consists of several species known to produce the neurotoxin domoic acid(3). Recent studies suggest that algal blooms dominated by Pseudo-nitzschia are increasing in frequency and duration owing to changes in coastal nutrient regimes(1,4,5). However, few studies have examined the persistence or long-term biogeochemical cycling of domoic acid in marine waters(6-8). Here, we measure the concentration of domoic acid in surface waters and sediment traps-up to 800m in depth-off the coast of Southern California. We show that peaks in Pseudo-nitzschia abundance and domoic acid concentrations in surface waters coincide with peaks in diatom and toxin abundance at depth, suggesting rapid downward transport of the toxin. In some cases, the sinking particles contain over five times the United States federal limit of domoic acid. Detection of domoic acid in bottom sediments indicates that the toxin may persist long after the Pseudo-nitzschia blooms. Our results indicate that vertical fluxes of domoic acid are a substantial source of the toxin to deep-ocean food webs, and could explain high levels of domoic acid previously observed in benthic organisms(9,10). C1 [Sekula-Wood, Emily; Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R.; Thunell, Robert] Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Schnetzer, Astrid; Caron, David A.; Cetinic, Ivona; Fitzpatrick, Elizabeth; Jones, Burton H.] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Anderson, Clarissa] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Berelson, William M.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Brzezinski, Mark A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Brzezinski, Mark A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Burns, Justina M.; Ferry, John L.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Miller, Peter E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Morton, Steve L.] NOAA, NOS Marine Biotoxin Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Schaffner, Rebecca A.] So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Siegel, David A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Siegel, David A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Benitez-Nelson, CR (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM cbnelson@geol.sc.edu RI Schnetzer, Astrid/F-2527-2010; Siegel, David/C-5587-2008; Cetinic, Ivona/I-7252-2012; Ferry, John/G-8646-2013; OI Benitez-Nelson, Claudia/0000-0002-1004-5048; Ferry, John/0000-0002-1420-8406 FU NSF [OCE 0351169, OCE 0850425, EPA RD-83170501, NOAA NA160P2790]; NOAA Sea [NA06OAR4170012]; NASA [NNX08AG82G] FX We thank A. Michaels and D. Capone for the use of the SPB sediment traps; D. Hammond for help in processing SPB sediment-trap samples; E. Tappa for his help in deployments and recoveries of the SBB trap; N. Guillocheau and the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary for help with SBB water collections; R. Kudela for providing laboratory facilities for Pseud o-nitzschia and DA analyses of surface SBB water samples and J. Gully, C. Tang and the Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts for providing sediment core samples. This work was supported by NSF OCE 0351169 and OCE 0850425, EPA RD-83170501, NOAA NA160P2790, NOAA Sea Grant NA06OAR4170012 and NASA NNX08AG82G. NR 29 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 20 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD APR PY 2009 VL 2 IS 4 BP 272 EP 275 DI 10.1038/NGEO472 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 433XW UT WOS:000265240100017 ER PT J AU Akcora, P Liu, H Kumar, SK Moll, J Li, Y Benicewicz, BC Schadler, LS Acehan, D Panagiotopoulos, AZ Pryamitsyn, V Ganesan, V Ilavsky, J Thiyagarajan, P Colby, RH Douglas, JF AF Akcora, Pinar Liu, Hongjun Kumar, Sanat K. Moll, Joseph Li, Yu Benicewicz, Brian C. Schadler, Linda S. Acehan, Devrim Panagiotopoulos, Athanassios Z. Pryamitsyn, Victor Ganesan, Venkat Ilavsky, Jan Thiyagarajan, Pappanan Colby, Ralph H. Douglas, Jack F. TI Anisotropic self-assembly of spherical polymer-grafted nanoparticles SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; NANOCOMPOSITES; DISPERSION; RHEOLOGY; ORGANIZATION; AGGREGATION; STRATEGIES; MORPHOLOGY; INTERFACE; NETWORKS AB It is easy to understand the self-assembly of particles with anisotropic shapes or interactions ( for example, cobalt nanoparticles or proteins) into highly extended structures. However, there is no experimentally established strategy for creating a range of anisotropic structures from common spherical nanoparticles. We demonstrate that spherical nanoparticles uniformly grafted with macromolecules ('nanoparticle amphiphiles') robustly self-assemble into a variety of anisotropic superstructures when they are dispersed in the corresponding homopolymer matrix. Theory and simulations suggest that this self-assembly reflects a balance between the energy gain when particle cores approach and the entropy of distorting the grafted polymers. The effectively directional nature of the particle interactions is thus a many-body emergent property. Our experiments demonstrate that this approach to nanoparticle self-assembly enables considerable control for the creation of polymer nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical properties. Grafted nanoparticles are thus versatile building blocks for creating tunable and functional particle superstructures with significant practical applications. C1 [Akcora, Pinar; Liu, Hongjun; Kumar, Sanat K.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Moll, Joseph] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Li, Yu; Benicewicz, Brian C.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Schadler, Linda S.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Acehan, Devrim] New York Univ, Sch Med, Skirball Inst Biomol Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Panagiotopoulos, Athanassios Z.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Panagiotopoulos, Athanassios Z.] Princeton Univ, PRISM, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Pryamitsyn, Victor; Ganesan, Venkat] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ilavsky, Jan; Thiyagarajan, Pappanan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Colby, Ralph H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kumar, SK (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM sk2794@columbia.edu RI Li, Yu/A-3565-2011; Liu, HJ/G-6862-2011; Ganesan, Venkat/B-9912-2011; Liu, Hongjun /A-2100-2012; liu, hj/G-5772-2012; Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; Panagiotopoulos, Athanassios/K-2955-2014; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013; Pryamitsyn, Victor/J-4540-2013; OI Liu, Hongjun /0000-0003-3326-2640; Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900; Panagiotopoulos, Athanassios/0000-0002-8152-6615; Pryamitsyn, Victor/0000-0003-2128-7461; Benicewicz, Brian/0000-0003-4130-1232 NR 48 TC 446 Z9 449 U1 33 U2 444 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD APR PY 2009 VL 8 IS 4 BP 354 EP U121 DI 10.1038/NMAT2404 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 423MS UT WOS:000264501000030 PM 19305399 ER PT J AU Ma, LJ Nam, S Xu, H Baek, B Chang, TJ Slattery, O Mink, A Tang, X AF Ma, Lijun Nam, S. Xu, Hai Baek, B. Chang, Tiejun Slattery, O. Mink, A. Tang, Xiao TI 1310 nm differential-phase-shift QKD system using superconducting single-photon detectors SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION; WAVELENGTH; CRYPTOGRAPHY; FIBER AB We have implemented a differential-phase-shift (DPS) quantum key distribution (QKD) system at 1310 nm with superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs). The timing jitter of the SSPDs is very small (similar to 60 ps) and their dark counts rate is low (< 200 s(-1)). 1310 nm is an ideal quantum signal wavelength for a QKD system, where quantum signals coexist with classical communication signals at 1550 nm in one fiber. As the key element in the DPS QKD, a Michelson interferometer was designed and built using Faraday mirrors that can automatically compensate for the polarization evolution in the fiber. As the result, our DPS QKD system can be steadily operated at 2.5 GHz clock rate with a low quantum error rate of less than 4%. C1 [Ma, Lijun; Xu, Hai; Chang, Tiejun; Slattery, O.; Mink, A.; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nam, S.; Baek, B.] NIST, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tang, X (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xiao.tang@nist.gov FU NIST quantum information initiative FX We are grateful for the support from the NIST quantum information initiative. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD APR PY 2009 VL 11 AR 045020 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/11/4/045020 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 440DD UT WOS:000265678400054 ER PT J AU Mink, A Bienfang, JC Carpenter, R Ma, LJ Hershman, B Restelli, A Tang, X AF Mink, Alan Bienfang, Joshua C. Carpenter, Robert Ma, Lijun Hershman, Barry Restelli, Alessandro Tang, Xiao TI Programmable instrumentation and gigahertz signaling for single-photon quantum communication systems SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENTANGLEMENT DISTRIBUTION; KEY DISTRIBUTION; NODES AB We discuss custom time-tagging instrumentation for high-speed single-photon metrology, focusing particularly on implementations that can tag and process detection events from multiple single-photon detectors with sub-nanosecond timing resolution and at detection rates above 100 MHz. The systems we present view the detector signal as if it were a serial data stream, tagging events according to the bit period in which a rising edge from the detector occurs. We achieve sub-nanosecond resolution with serial data receivers operating up to 10 Gb s(-1). Data processing bottlenecks are avoided with pipelined algorithms and controlled data flow implemented in field-programmable gate arrays. C1 [Mink, Alan; Carpenter, Robert; Ma, Lijun; Hershman, Barry; Tang, Xiao] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bienfang, Joshua C.; Restelli, Alessandro] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bienfang, Joshua C.; Restelli, Alessandro] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mink, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amink@nist.gov RI Bienfang, Joshua/A-7285-2010; Restelli, Alessandro/A-4897-2009 OI Restelli, Alessandro/0000-0002-1289-3171 FU DARPA QuIST; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work was supported by the DARPA QuIST program, the DARPA quantum sensors program, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD APR PY 2009 VL 11 AR 045016 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/11/4/045016 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 440DD UT WOS:000265678400050 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, D Peterson, CG Harrington, JW Rice, PR Dallmann, N Tyagi, KT McCabe, KP Nam, S Baek, B Hadfield, RH Hughes, RJ Nordholt, JE AF Rosenberg, D. Peterson, C. G. Harrington, J. W. Rice, P. R. Dallmann, N. Tyagi, K. T. McCabe, K. P. Nam, S. Baek, B. Hadfield, R. H. Hughes, R. J. Nordholt, J. E. TI Practical long-distance quantum key distribution system using decoy levels SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTOR; SECURITY; CHANNEL; FIBER AB Quantum key distribution (QKD) has the potential for widespread real-world applications, but no secure long-distance experiment has demonstrated the truly practical operation needed to move QKD from the laboratory to the real world due largely to limitations in synchronization and poor detector performance. Here, we report results obtained using a fully automated, robust QKD system based on the Bennett Brassard 1984 (BB84) protocol with low-noise superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) and decoy levels to produce a secret key with unconditional security over a record 140.6 km of optical fibre, an increase of more than a factor of five compared with the previous record for unconditionally secure key generation in a practical QKD system. C1 [Rosenberg, D.; Peterson, C. G.; Harrington, J. W.; Rice, P. R.; Dallmann, N.; Tyagi, K. T.; McCabe, K. P.; Hughes, R. J.; Nordholt, J. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Nam, S.; Baek, B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Hadfield, R. H.] Heriot Watt Univ, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Rosenberg, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rosenberg@lanl.gov RI McCabe, Kevin/H-3381-2013; Hadfield, Robert/L-8081-2013 OI Hadfield, Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187 FU IARPA; Department of Commerce; NIST; Royal Society of London FX The authors thank Joe Dempsey and Corning, Inc. for the optical fibre, Thomas Chapuran and Nicholas Peters for helpful discussions and G Gol'tsman for providing the original detectors used in this work. The authors acknowledge support from IARPA, the Department of Commerce, the NIST quantum information science initiative and the Royal Society of London. NR 36 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD APR PY 2009 VL 11 AR 045009 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/11/4/045009 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 440DD UT WOS:000265678400043 ER PT J AU Cieciel, K Pyper, BJ Eckert, GL AF Cieciel, Kristin Pyper, Brian J. Eckert, Ginny L. TI Tag Retention and Effects of Tagging on Movement of the Giant Red Sea Cucumber Parastichopus californicus SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CUCUMARIA-FRONDOSA; HOLOTHURIA-SCABRA; ECHINODERMATA; GROWTH; RECRUITMENT; PATTERNS AB We examined tag retention and the effects of tagging on short-term movements of the giant red sea cucumber Parastichopus californicus. Retention rates were monitored for six different tag types (Floy banner FTSL-73. cinch FT-4C, fingerling FTF-69. garment. single T-bar FD-94, and the coded wire tag), which were applied to 30 individuals under laboratory conditions. The single T-bar and coded wire tag had the highest retention rates: 70% and 60% after 16 weeks, and 40% and 37% after 32 weeks. To assess the effects of tagging and handling on movement, a field study was conducted in Amalga Harbor. Alaska, in which giant red sea cucumbers were tagged with T-bar tags and monitored for 24 h. Tagged and handled animals moved significantly farther than control animals. The median (linear) distance moved by control animals over 24 h was 1.8 m (range, 0.2-4.2 m), whereas the median distance for tagged animals was 4.2 m (range, 0.4-22.7 m). Short-term behavior was affected by both tagging and handling; therefore. we recommend that researchers minimize handling and wait at least 24 h after tagging before monitoring giant red sea cucumber movements. C1 [Cieciel, Kristin] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Eckert, Ginny L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Cieciel, K (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM kristin.cieciel@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation REU fellowship [NSF OCE 96-102]; Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADFG) [NA06FN0385] FX We thank K. Shotwell for Arcview aid and diving, S. McMurray for diving, and M. Cieciel and D. Greenwell for topside assistance. Funding for this project was provided by a National Science Foundation REU fellowship (NSF OCE 96-102) and a Nearshore Marine Research II award from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADFG; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Agreement NA06FN0385). We extend our gratitude to the University of Alaska-Southeast and the ADFG in Juneau, Ketchikan, and Sitka for providing funding and logistical support for this project. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD APR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 2 BP 288 EP 294 DI 10.1577/M07-194.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477FW UT WOS:000268505100003 ER PT J AU Wilderbuer, TK Turnock, BJ AF Wilderbuer, Thomas K. Turnock, Benjamin J. TI Sex-Specific Natural Mortality of Arrowtooth Flounder in Alaska: Implications of a Skewed Sex Ratio on Exploitation and Management SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CRAB CHIONOECETES-OPILIO; ATHERESTHES-STOMIAS; EGG SIZE; FECUNDITY; FISH; TEMPERATURE; VIABILITY; DYNAMICS; MATURITY; JAPAN AB Conservative fisheries management in Alaskan waters typically limits harvest to maintain a target biomass of female spawners (40% of the female biomass observed in the absence of fishing). This harvest calculation does not consider the male population level for a species. If natural mortality rates (M) differ between sexes and if females outlive males, then a reduction in males relative to females could diminish the reproductive potential of the stock. This problem was examined in the present study by estimating separate sex-specific M-values for the arrowtooth flounder Atheresthes stomias in Alaska, where females are almost always found at higher proportions than males during trawl surveys. Age data indicated that females outlive males, and estimates of M ranged from 0.10 to 0.33 for females and front 0. 16 to 0.51 for males. Based on four estimation methods, male M was consistently higher than female M. Simulated harvest scenarios in which male M and selectivity were varied indicated that increasing male M and lowering the age of males at first capture skewed the sex ratio even more toward females; in the most extreme harvest scenario, the percentage of females in the population was as high as 89% (Gulf of Alaska) and 96% (Bering Sea). Because reproductive success under a skewed sex ratio is probably linked to reproductive behavior, we developed a simple conceptual model to consider three reproductive strategies that differed in the number of females (1-3) that could be paired with a single male. Although a population's reproductive potential was much more resilient to changes in sex ratio for 1:2 or 1:3 (male: female) pairings (reduced by only 15% when the population was 70% female), the fishing mortality rate (F) that corresponded to a reduction in egg fertilization was much higher than the target F (i.e., that maintained biomass at 40% of the unfished biomass) and exceeded overfishing levels when the population was over 80% female. C1 [Wilderbuer, Thomas K.; Turnock, Benjamin J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wilderbuer, TK (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM tom.wilderbuer@noaa.gov NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD APR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 2 BP 306 EP 322 DI 10.1577/M07-152.1 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477FW UT WOS:000268505100005 ER PT J AU Hook, TO Pothoven, SA AF Hoeoek, Tomas O. Pothoven, Steven A. TI Energy Content of Young Alewives in Eastern Lake Michigan and Muskegon Lake, a Connected Drowned River Mouth Lake SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; RECRUITMENT SUCCESS; BODY-SIZE; GROWTH; FISH; DYNAMICS; ONTARIO; DIET; MORTALITY; PREDATION AB Energy content is an important determinant of an individual fish's condition and a key input variable for bioenergetics applications. Energy content of young fish can change rapidly during ontogeny; given the numerical abundance and high mass-specific metabolic rates of young fish, it is particularly important to obtain detailed information on their energy content. To this end, we quantified the total body energy content and energy density of economically and ecologically important young (age-0-1) normative alewives Alosa pseudoharengus collected during 1998-2003 in eastern Lake Michigan and Muskegon Lake, a connected drowned river mouth lake. Our analysis demonstrates that energy content of young alewives varies across years, seasons, lakes, and ontogeny. Consistent with previous observations of size-dependent overwinter mortality, young alewives deplete a large amount of body energy between late fall and late spring (i.e., declines in length-specific energy content and energy density occur overwinter). Interestingly, unlike several past studies of young fish in their native range, size-specific energy content of young alewives does not appear to increase over the summer and fall (there is no evidence of increased energy storage in preparation for the resource-scarce winter period). Finally, our measured values are similar to the few previously published energy density values for age-0 alewives. The high degree of variation in the energy content of young fish emphasizes the necessity of using appropriate energy measures for bioenergetics applications to inform fisheries management. C1 [Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Hoeoek, Tomas O.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. RP Hook, TO (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marstellar St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM thook@purdue.edu OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) [1508] FX We thank Anna Harrison for assistance with laboratory analysis. This manuscript benefited from comments provided by Jim Breck and Brent Murray. This work was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL). This is NOAA-GLERL contribution 1508. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD APR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 2 BP 378 EP 387 DI 10.1577/M08-017.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477FW UT WOS:000268505100013 ER PT J AU Tatara, CP AF Tatara, Christopher P. TI Size at Implantation Affects Growth of Juvenile Steelhead Implanted with 12-mm Passive Integrated Transponders SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID YEARLING CHINOOK SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY; ATLANTIC SALMON; AGE-0 STEELHEAD; SNAKE RIVER; HABITAT USE; SURVIVAL; PREDATION; VULNERABILITY; HATCHERY AB Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags have led to greater understanding of fish growth, survival, predation, migration, behavior, and the effects of human-caused environmental manipulation. Technological advances have reduced the size of PIT tags, permitting their implantation into smaller fish. To reap the benefits of PIT tag technology, implantation must not adversely impact growth, survival, or behavior. Steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss parr rear A in a natural-like environment were implanted with 12-mm PIT tags, and implantation effects on growth rate were measured. Steelhead had fork lengths ranging from 45 to 96 mm after 4 weeks of rearing in an outdoor stream channel. Thirty (17.4%) of the 172 steelhead parr that were tinder 74 trim at the time of PIT tag implantation had instantaneous growth rates of 0 [log(e)(g)]/d or less, while all parr (n = 72) over 75 mm exhibited positive growth rates. Logistic regression indicated that fork length at implantation was significantly related to the probability of positive growth rates (P < 0.001). For steelhead parr that exceeded 74 mm at implantation, the probability of experiencing positive growth was greater than 95%. The data suggest that fork length of steelhead parr should be above 74 mm at implantation to minimize negative growth effects associated with 12-mm PIT tags. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Tatara, CP (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM chris.p.tatara@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD APR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 2 BP 417 EP 422 DI 10.1577/M07-225.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477FW UT WOS:000268505100017 ER PT J AU Gedamke, T Hoenig, JM DuPaul, WD Musick, JA AF Gedamke, Todd Hoenig, John M. DuPaul, Wllliam D. Musick, John A. TI Stock-Recruitment Dynamics and the Maximum Population Growth Rate of the Barndoor Skate on Georges Bank SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID DIPTURUS-LAEVIS; LIFE-HISTORY; NATURAL MORTALITY; INTRINSIC RATE; FISH; MATRIX; ELASMOBRANCHS; PARAMETERS; MANAGEMENT; INCREASE AB In 1998, the barndoor skate Dipturus laevis was reported to have been locally extirpated in parts of its northern range and to be potentially on the brink of extinction. Managers were faced with assessing the species with virtually no information other than a limited number of individuals observed in annual groundfish surveys. Since that time, a number of the primary life history parameters have been estimated, but the population dynamics of the species remain largely unexplored. In this study, we use information front the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) annual groundfish surveys to investigate two critical components of barndoor skate population dynamics: the relationship of recruitment to spawner abundance and the maximum population growth rate. A strong stock-recruitment relationship was found in the fall survey data.. suggesting that recruitment is closely tied to spawner abundance. The Ricker and Beverton-Holt stock-recruit models were fitted to the survey data, and estimates of the slope at the origin was generated. These parameters provided an estimate of the maximum annual reproductive rate. which was then converted to an estimate of the instantaneous maximum population growth rate of 0.37-0.38 per year. A second analysis was also conducted using a Leslie matrix and data from the NMFS survey. Observed rates of population change were used to estimate early life history parameters and incorporate density dependence into the density-independent framework of a Leslie matrix demographic model. From this method, the instantaneous maximum population growth for the barndoor skate was estimated to be 0.36-0.48 per year. Our results suggest that the species is more resilient to fishing pressure than previously believed and is capable of growing at an instantaneous rate in excess of 35% at low population sizes. C1 [Gedamke, Todd; Hoenig, John M.; DuPaul, Wllliam D.; Musick, John A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Gedamke, T (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami Lab, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM todd.gedamke@noaa.gov FU NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Center FX Work by T.G. was supported by funds from the NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Center. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD APR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 2 BP 512 EP 526 DI 10.1577/M07-058.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477FW UT WOS:000268505100028 ER PT J AU Paulter, NG Larson, DR AF Paulter, Nicholas G., Jr. Larson, Donald R. TI Reference ballistic chronograph SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ballistic chronograph; bullet; laser; uncertainty analysis; waveform analysis AB A ballistic chronograph with an expanded uncertainty of less than +/- 0.2 m/s has been designed, constructed, and tested. Because of this low uncertainty, this chronograph can be used as a reference to calibrate and/or characterize the performance of commercially available chronographs. (C) 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3116703] C1 [Paulter, Nicholas G., Jr.; Larson, Donald R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Law Enforcement Stand, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Paulter, NG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Law Enforcement Stand, Mailstop 8102,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM donald.larson@nist.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD APR PY 2009 VL 48 IS 4 AR 043602 DI 10.1117/1.3116703 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 439QN UT WOS:000265642200004 ER PT J AU Kirchner, MS Braje, DA Fortier, TM Weiner, AM Hollberg, L Diddams, SA AF Kirchner, M. S. Braje, D. A. Fortier, T. M. Weiner, A. M. Hollberg, L. Diddams, S. A. TI Generation of 20 GHz, sub-40 fs pulses at 960 nm via repetition-rate multiplication SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY COMBS; LASER; CALIBRATION AB Optical filtering of a stabilized 1 GHz optical frequency comb produces a 20 GHz comb with similar to 40 nm bandwidth (FWHM) at 960 nm. Use of a low-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity in a double-pass configuration provides a broad cavity coupling bandwidth (Delta lambda/lambda approximate to 10%) and large suppression (50 dB) of unwanted modes. Pulse durations shorter than 40 fs with less than 2% residual amplitude modulation are achieved. C1 [Kirchner, M. S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kirchner, M. S.; Braje, D. A.; Fortier, T. M.; Hollberg, L.; Diddams, S. A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Weiner, A. M.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Kirchner, MS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 2000 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mkirchne@boulder.nist.gov RI Kirchner, Matthew/F-9020-2010; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 13 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 34 IS 7 BP 872 EP 874 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 436QI UT WOS:000265429100004 PM 19340155 ER PT J AU Russell, DF Balazs, GH AF Russell, Dennis F. Balazs, George H. TI Dietary Shifts by Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Kane'ohe Bay Region of the Hawaiian Islands: A 28-Year Study SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION; SEA-TURTLES; ARCHIPELAGO AB The green turtle, Chelonia mydas, has modified its feeding behavior to include the increasing abundance of normative algae growing in the greater Kane'ohe Bay area of O'ahu in the Hawaiian Islands. Changes in diet of the green turtle are correlated with an increase in abundance of seven species of nonnative algae between 1977 and 2005. Turtles were found to be eating 130 species of marine vegetation, and the three most common were the nonnative species Acanthophora spicifera, Hypnea musciformis, and Gracilaria salicornia. These three abundant and nutritious food sources are now an important part of the turtle diet in addition to native species found in and near Kane'ohe Bay. Chelonia mydas behavior has shifted to include these new seaweeds within 10 years of their introduction to the region. The turtles have also gradually included an additional four less-prolific slow-growing nonnative algal species (Eucheuma denticulatum, Gracilaria tikvahiae, Kappaphycus striatum, and Kappaphycus alvarezii), but the time it has taken turtles to include these species has been longer, 20-30 years, after the seaweeds were introduced. During this same 28-year time period numbers of C. mydas have increased throughout the Hawaiian Islands. C1 [Russell, Dennis F.] Amer Univ Sharjah, Dept Biol Chem & Environm Sci, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. [Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Russell, DF (reprint author), Amer Univ Sharjah, Dept Biol Chem & Environm Sci, POB 26666, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. EM drussell@aus.edu NR 28 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 27 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 EI 1534-6188 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD APR PY 2009 VL 63 IS 2 BP 181 EP 192 DI 10.2984/049.063.0202 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 433ZX UT WOS:000265246100002 ER PT J AU Brida, G Degiovanni, IP Genovese, M Piacentini, F Schettini, V Gisin, N Polyakov, SV Migdall, A AF Brida, Giorgio Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro Genovese, Marco Piacentini, Fabrizio Schettini, Valentina Gisin, Nicolas Polyakov, Sergey V. Migdall, Alan TI Improved implementation of the Alicki-Van Ryn nonclassicality test for a single particle using Si detectors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE quantum theory AB Recently a test of nonclassicality for a single qubit was proposed [R. Alicki and N. Van Ryn, J. Phys, A: Math. Theor. 41, 062001 (2008)]. We present an optimized experimental realization of this test leading to a 46 standard deviation violation of classicality. This factor-of-5 improvement over our previous result was achieved by moving from the infrared to the visible where we can take advantage of higher-efficiency and lower-noise photon detectors. C1 [Brida, Giorgio; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro; Genovese, Marco; Piacentini, Fabrizio; Schettini, Valentina] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Gisin, Nicolas] Univ Geneva, Appl Phys Grp, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Polyakov, Sergey V.; Migdall, Alan] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Polyakov, Sergey V.; Migdall, Alan] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Degiovanni, IP (reprint author), Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, Str Cacce 91, I-10135 Turin, Italy. EM i.degiovanni@inrim.it RI genovese, marco/D-4862-2013; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/F-2140-2013; Piacentini, Fabrizio/N-6684-2015 OI genovese, marco/0000-0001-9186-8849; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/0000-0003-0332-3115; Piacentini, Fabrizio/0000-0002-8098-5692 FU Regione Piemonte (E14); San Paolo Foundation; MURI Center for Photonic Quantum Information Systems [DAAD19-03-1-0199]; Swiss NCCR-QP FX This work was supported in part by Regione Piemonte (E14), San Paolo Foundation, and by the MURI Center for Photonic Quantum Information Systems [Army Research Office (ARO)/Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) program Contract No. DAAD19-03-1-0199], the IARPA entangled source programs. N. G. was partially supported by the Swiss NCCR-QP. NR 6 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2009 VL 79 IS 4 AR 044102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.044102 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 443YU UT WOS:000265947500094 ER PT J AU Hanna, TM Tiesinga, E Julienne, PS AF Hanna, Thomas M. Tiesinga, Eite Julienne, Paul S. TI Prediction of Feshbach resonances from three input parameters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE lithium; potassium; resonant states; rubidium; triplet state; van der Waals forces ID QUANTUM-DEFECT THEORY; RELAXATION RATES; COLLISIONS; ATOMS AB We have developed a model of Feshbach resonances in gases of ultracold alkali-metal atoms using the ideas of multichannel quantum-defect theory. Our model requires just three parameters describing the interactions-the singlet and triplet scattering lengths, and the long-range van der Waals coefficient-in addition to known atomic properties. Without using any further details of the interactions, our approach can accurately predict the locations of resonances. It can also be used to find the singlet and triplet scattering lengths from measured resonance data. We apply our technique to Li-6-K-40 and K-40-Rb-87 scattering, obtaining good agreement with experimental results, and with the more computationally intensive coupled channels technique. C1 [Hanna, Thomas M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tiesinga, Eite; Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hanna, TM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX We gratefully acknowledge Bo Gao for supplying us with his codes for calculating the Z(E) and x(E) matrices. P.S.J acknowledges partial support by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2009 VL 79 IS 4 AR 040701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.040701 PN A PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 443YO UT WOS:000265946900008 ER PT J AU Bianchi, A Carretta, S Santini, P Amoretti, G Guidi, T Qiu, Y Copley, JRD Timco, G Muryn, C Winpenny, REP AF Bianchi, A. Carretta, S. Santini, P. Amoretti, G. Guidi, T. Qiu, Y. Copley, J. R. D. Timco, G. Muryn, C. Winpenny, R. E. P. TI Rotational bands in open antiferromagnetic rings: A neutron spectroscopy study of Cr8Zn SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE antiferromagnetic materials; chromium alloys; eigenvalues and eigenfunctions; magnetic structure; molecular magnetism; neutron diffraction; neutron spectra; rotational states; spin dynamics; spin Hamiltonians; zinc alloys ID MOLECULAR MAGNETS AB Low-lying excitations in closed antiferromagnetic rings can be described in terms of rotational bands, which reflect the peculiar internal spin structure of the corresponding eigenstates. Here we use inelastic neutron-scattering measurements on the Cr8Zn molecule to investigate the validity of the rotational band picture in magnetically open rings. We determine the parameters of the microscopic spin Hamiltonian describing each Cr8Zn molecule and we analyze how the spin dynamics changes with respect to the parent closed-ring compound Cr-8. Qualitative differences can be found not only in the energy-level diagrams but also in the internal structure of the spin eigenstates, probed through the wave-vector transfer dependence of the neutron cross section. The usual rotational bands picture fails because quantum fluctuations of the total-spin length of the two sublattices do not occur jointly due to the ring opening. C1 [Bianchi, A.; Carretta, S.; Santini, P.; Amoretti, G.] Univ Parma, Dipartimento Fis, I-43100 Parma, Italy. [Guidi, T.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Pulsed Neutron Facil, Chilton OX11 0QX, England. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Qiu, Y.; Copley, J. R. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Timco, G.; Muryn, C.; Winpenny, R. E. P.] Univ Manchester, Dept Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Bianchi, A.; Carretta, S.; Santini, P.; Amoretti, G.] S3 CNR INFM, I-41100 Modena, Italy. RP Bianchi, A (reprint author), Univ Parma, Dipartimento Fis, Viale Sci, I-43100 Parma, Italy. FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX We thank M. Bazzani for help in the analysis of INS data. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2009 VL 79 IS 14 AR 144422 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.144422 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 443XD UT WOS:000265943200084 ER PT J AU Bristow, AD Karaiskaj, D Dai, XC Mirin, RP Cundiff, ST AF Bristow, Alan D. Karaiskaj, Denis Dai, Xingcan Mirin, Richard P. Cundiff, Steven T. TI Polarization dependence of semiconductor exciton and biexciton contributions to phase-resolved optical two-dimensional Fourier-transform spectra SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE biexcitons; excitons; Fourier transform spectra; gallium arsenide; III-V semiconductors; light polarisation; semiconductor quantum wells; spectral line breadth ID GAAS QUANTUM-WELLS; FEMTOSECOND SPECTROSCOPY; 4-WAVE-MIXING SIGNALS; PHOTON-ECHO; HEAVY-HOLE; EXCITATION; SYSTEM; DECAY AB We study the coherent light-matter interactions associated with excitons, biexcitons, and many-body effects in GaAs quantum wells. For most polarization configurations the phase-resolved two-dimensional Fourier-transform (2DFT) spectra are dominated by excitonic features, where their strength and dispersive line shapes are due to many-body interactions. Cross-linear excitation suppresses many-body interactions, changing the line shape and strength of the 2DFT features. C1 [Bristow, Alan D.; Karaiskaj, Denis; Dai, Xingcan; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bristow, Alan D.; Karaiskaj, Denis; Dai, Xingcan; Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mirin, Richard P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bristow, AD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Bristow, Alan/F-9703-2013; Dai, Xingcan/B-3556-2014; OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 FU National Science Foundation; Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences, (U.S.) Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation and the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences, (U.S.) Department of Energy. NR 30 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2009 VL 79 IS 16 AR 161305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.161305 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 443XX UT WOS:000265945200009 ER PT J AU Gilmore, K Stiles, MD AF Gilmore, Keith Stiles, Mark D. TI Evaluating the locality of intrinsic precession damping in transition metals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE cobalt; cryogenics; damping; iron; magnetic domain walls; magnons; nickel; spin-orbit interactions ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; RELAXATION; SHIFT AB The Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert damping parameter is typically assumed to be a local quantity, independent of magnetic configuration. To test the validity of this assumption we calculate the precession damping rate of small amplitude nonuniform mode magnons in iron, cobalt, and nickel. At scattering rates expected near and above room temperature, little change in the damping rate is found as the magnon wavelength is decreased from infinity to a length shorter than features probed in recent experiments. This result indicates that nonlocal effects due to the presence of weakly nonuniform modes, expected in real devices, should not appreciably affect the dynamic response of the element at typical operating temperatures. Conversely, at scattering rates expected in very pure samples around cryogenic temperatures, nonlocal effects result in an order of magnitude decrease in damping rates for magnons with wavelengths commensurate with domain-wall widths. While this low-temperature result is likely of little practical importance, it provides an experimentally testable prediction of the nonlocal contribution of the spin-orbit torque-correlation model of precession damping. None of these results exhibit strong dependence on the magnon propagation direction. C1 [Gilmore, Keith; Stiles, Mark D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gilmore, Keith] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gilmore, K (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; Gilmore, Keith/D-5426-2013 OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; FU NIST-CNST/UMD-Nanocenter cooperative agreement FX This work has been supported in part through NIST-CNST/UMD-Nanocenter cooperative agreement. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2009 VL 79 IS 13 AR 132407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.132407 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 443WZ UT WOS:000265942800021 ER PT J AU Kabanov, YP Nikitenko, VI Tikhomirov, OA Egelhoff, WF Shapiro, AJ Shull, RD AF Kabanov, Yu. P. Nikitenko, V. I. Tikhomirov, O. A. Egelhoff, W. F. Shapiro, A. J. Shull, R. D. TI Unexpectedly long-range influence on thin-film magnetization reversal of a ferromagnet by a rectangular array of FeMn pinning films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE exchange interactions (electron); ferromagnetic materials; iron alloys; magnetic anisotropy; magnetic domain walls; magnetic structure; magnetic thin films; magnetisation reversal; manganese; manganese alloys; nucleation ID MAGNETOOPTICAL INDICATOR FILM; EXCHANGE SPRING FORMATION; DOMAIN-STRUCTURE; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; ANISOTROPY; BILAYERS; BIAS; MULTILAYERS; HYSTERESIS; COERCIVITY AB Exchange bias in bilayer magnetic systems is usually ascribed to the existence of transient magnetic structures at the interfaces between adjacent layers on top of each other. Here, we report the observation of a similar phenomenon in the lateral direction, indicated by an asymmetry in the magnetization reversal of a ferromagnetic film covered with a square grid of an antiferromagnetic layer. We show the antiferromagnet not only changes the properties of the ferromagnet regions immediately underneath it, but despite the large pattern period, also drastically affects the remagnetization behavior in the adjacent uncovered parts of the ferromagnet. Specifically, we demonstrate pattern-controlled nucleation of domain walls and an overall asymmetry in the reversal behavior of the uncovered ferromagnet when the polarity of the in-plane field is reversed. A canted orientation of the intrinsic anisotropy of the ferromagnet with respect to an induced exchange anisotropy and the presence of artificial topologically stable domain walls are discussed as likely origins of the effects. C1 [Kabanov, Yu. P.; Nikitenko, V. I.; Tikhomirov, O. A.] RAS, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. [Nikitenko, V. I.; Egelhoff, W. F.; Shapiro, A. J.; Shull, R. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kabanov, YP (reprint author), RAS, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. RI Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013 NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2009 VL 79 IS 14 AR 144435 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.144435 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 443XD UT WOS:000265943200097 ER PT J AU Kravtsov, E Haskel, D te Velthuis, SGE Jiang, JS Kirby, BJ AF Kravtsov, E. Haskel, D. te Velthuis, S. G. E. Jiang, J. S. Kirby, B. J. TI Complementary polarized neutron and resonant x-ray magnetic reflectometry measurements in Fe/Gd heterostructures: Case of inhomogeneous intralayer magnetic structure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE ferrimagnetic materials; gadolinium; iron; magnetic moments; magnetic multilayers; magnetic structure; magnetisation; X-ray reflection ID GD/FE MULTILAYERS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SCATTERING; SUPERLATTICES; REFLECTION; FILMS AB A unified approach combining polarized neutron and resonant x-ray magnetic reflectometry has been applied to determine the magnetic structure in an [Fe(35 A)/Gd(50 A)](5) multilayer as a function of temperature and magnetic field. Simultaneous self-consistent refinement of neutron and x-ray data made it possible to resolve the element-specific magnetization profile in the multilayer with unprecedented accuracy. It is shown that the small number of bilayer periods together with the asymmetric termination (Fe-top, Gd-bottom) lead to unique low-temperature magnetic phases characterized by significant twisting of Fe and Gd magnetic moments and nonuniform distribution of vectorial magnetization within Gd layers. A twisted magnetic state was found to be stable at small magnetic fields and at a low temperature of 20 K, which is well below the compensation temperature of this artificial ferrimagnetic system. C1 [Kravtsov, E.; Haskel, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [te Velthuis, S. G. E.; Jiang, J. S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kirby, B. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kravtsov, E (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI te Velthuis, Suzanne/I-6735-2013; Kravtsov, Evgeny/J-3593-2013 OI te Velthuis, Suzanne/0000-0002-1023-8384; Kravtsov, Evgeny/0000-0002-5663-5692 FU U. S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Work at Argonne is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank Y. Choi, J. C. Lang, and J. Borchers for help with measurements. NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2009 VL 79 IS 13 AR 134438 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.134438 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 443WZ UT WOS:000265942800099 ER PT J AU Li, JY Tian, W Chen, Y Zarestky, JL Lynn, JW Vaknin, D AF Li, Jiying Tian, Wei Chen, Ying Zarestky, Jerel L. Lynn, Jeffrey W. Vaknin, David TI Antiferromagnetism in the magnetoelectric effect single crystal LiMnPO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE antiferromagnetic materials; lithium compounds; magnetic anisotropy; magnetic transitions; magnetoelectric effects; manganese compounds; spin dynamics; spin Hamiltonians; spin waves ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; WEAK FERROMAGNETISM; LIFEPO4; LINIPO4; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; TRIPHYLITE; DOMAINS AB Elastic and inelastic neutron-scattering studies reveal details of the antiferromagnetic transition and intriguing spin dynamics in the magnetoelectric effect single crystal LiMnPO4. The elastic-scattering studies confirm that the system is antiferromagnetic below T-N=33.75 K with local magnetic moments (Mn2+; S=5/2) that are aligned along the crystallographic a axis. The spin-wave dispersion curves propagating along the three principal axes, determined by inelastic scattering, are adequately modeled in the linear spin-wave framework assuming a spin Hamiltonian that is parametrized by inter- and in-plane nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor interactions and by easy-plane anisotropy. The temperature dependence of the spin dynamics makes this an excellent model many-body spin system to address the question of the relationship between spin-wave excitations and the order parameter. C1 [Li, Jiying; Chen, Ying; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Jiying; Chen, Ying] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tian, Wei; Zarestky, Jerel L.; Vaknin, David] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Tian, Wei; Zarestky, Jerel L.; Vaknin, David] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Li, JY (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vaknin@ameslab.gov RI Tian, Wei/C-8604-2013; Vaknin, David/B-3302-2009 OI Tian, Wei/0000-0001-7735-3187; Vaknin, David/0000-0002-0899-9248 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; U.S. National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX We thank Sung Chang for the support on the SPINS cold neutron triple axis. Ames Laboratory is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. SPINS is supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation through Contract No. DMR-0454672. NR 47 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2009 VL 79 IS 14 AR 144410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.144410 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 443XD UT WOS:000265943200072 ER PT J AU Manley, ME Sievers, AJ Lynn, JW Kiselev, SA Agladze, NI Chen, Y Llobet, A Alatas, A AF Manley, M. E. Sievers, A. J. Lynn, J. W. Kiselev, S. A. Agladze, N. I. Chen, Y. Llobet, A. Alatas, A. TI Intrinsic localized modes observed in the high-temperature vibrational spectrum of NaI SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE ground states; high-temperature effects; localised modes; phonons; sodium compounds; vibrational modes; X-ray scattering ID ALKALI HALIDE CRYSTALS; LATTICE DYNAMICS; IONIC-CRYSTALS; ANTIFERROMAGNET; GENERATION; SOLITONS; ENERGY AB Inelastic neutron measurements of the high-temperature lattice excitations in NaI show that in thermal equilibrium at 555 K an intrinsic mode, localized in three dimensions, occurs at a single frequency near the center of the spectral phonon gap, polarized along [111]. At higher temperatures the intrinsic localized mode gains intensity. Higher energy inelastic neutron and x-ray scattering measurements on a room-temperature NaI crystal indicate that the creation energy of the ground state of the intrinsic localized mode is 299 meV. C1 [Manley, M. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Sievers, A. J.; Kiselev, S. A.; Agladze, N. I.] Cornell Univ, Atom & Solid State Phys Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lynn, J. W.; Chen, Y.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Llobet, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Alatas, A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Manley, ME (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Llobet, Anna/B-1672-2010; Agladze, Nikolay/L-1629-2013; Manley, Michael/N-4334-2015 OI Agladze, Nikolay/0000-0001-5871-6552; FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; DOE [FG0204ER46154]; Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-ACOZ-06CH11357] FX Work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. Cornell effort was supported by DOE Grant No. DE-FG0204ER46154. A.J.S would like to thank S. P. Love, J.B. Page, and J.P. Sethna for helpful comments. The use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-ACOZ-06CH11357. NR 23 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2009 VL 79 IS 13 AR 134304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.134304 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 443WZ UT WOS:000265942800061 ER PT J AU Ordonez-Romero, CL Kalinikos, BA Krivosik, P Tong, W Kabos, P Patton, CE AF Ordonez-Romero, Cesar L. Kalinikos, Boris A. Krivosik, Pavol Tong, Wei Kabos, Pavel Patton, Carl E. TI Three-magnon splitting and confluence processes for spin-wave excitations in yttrium iron garnet films: Wave vector selective Brillouin light scattering measurements and analysis SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE Brillouin spectra; garnets; magnetic thin films; magnons; spin waves; yttrium compounds ID ENVELOPE SOLITONS AB Brillouin light scattering (BLS) has been used to observe and confirm the existence of nonlinear three magnon splitting and confluence processes for propagating spin waves in the magnetostatic backward volume wave configuration. Wave vector and frequency selective BLS techniques were also used to provide a quantitative map of the wave vector make-up for the parametrically excited half-frequency dipole-exchange spin wave (DESW) split magnons and the confluence magnons that result from the recombination of these DESW modes. The experimental wave vector maps for the product splitting and confluence magnons matched nicely with those expected from spin-wave theory. The data were obtained with (1) a strip line excitation/detection transducer structure, (2) forward-scattering BLS optics, (3) a fixed magnetic field of 352 Oe applied along the propagation direction, (4) pumping frequencies from 2.5 down to 2.1 GHz, (5) and cw input powers from 200 mu W to 6 mW. The wave vector selective measurements utilized variable diameter circular diaphragms, rotatable slit apertures, and circular light blocks to access spin waves with wave numbers from about 100 to 3.6x10(4) rad/cm and the full 360 degrees range of propagation angles. C1 [Ordonez-Romero, Cesar L.; Kalinikos, Boris A.; Krivosik, Pavol; Tong, Wei; Patton, Carl E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ordonez-Romero, Cesar L.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Kalinikos, Boris A.] St Petersburg Electrotech Univ, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. [Krivosik, Pavol] Slovak Univ Technol Bratislava, Bratislava 81219, Slovakia. [Kabos, Pavel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ordonez-Romero, CL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU United States Army Research Office, MURI [W911NF-04-10247]; United States Office of Naval Research through Virginia Commonwealth University [N00014-07-1-0597, N00014-08-1-1050, PT103701-SC101157]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [08-02-00959] FX This work was supported in part by the United States Army Research Office, MURI, Grant No. W911NF-04-10247, the United States Office of Naval Research, Grants No. N00014-07-1-0597 and No. N00014-08-1-1050 (through sub-Award No. PT103701-SC101157 from Virginia Commonwealth University), and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Grant No. 08-02-00959. Ward L. Johnson, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, is acknowledged for a perceptive reading of the paper. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2009 VL 79 IS 14 AR 144428 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.144428 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 443XD UT WOS:000265943200090 ER PT J AU Oakleaf, M Kaske, N AF Oakleaf, Megan Kaske, Neal TI Guiding Questions for Assessing Information Literacy in Higher Education SO PORTAL-LIBRARIES AND THE ACADEMY LA English DT Article AB Librarians throughout higher education must assess information literacy; however, many are overwhelmed by the prospect of selecting the best assessment for their campus context. This article presents six questions to aid librarians in surmounting this challenge. Are we ready to conduct an information literacy assessment? Why are we conducting this assessment? What are the stakeholder needs? Will the assessment tell us what we want to know? What are the costs of this assessment? What are the institutional implications of this assessment? Armed with the answers to these questions, librarians will be well positioned to make informed assessment choices. C1 [Oakleaf, Megan] Syracuse Univ, Sch Informat Studies, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Kaske, Neal] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Cent & Reg Lib, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Oakleaf, M (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Sch Informat Studies, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM moakleaf@syr.edu; Neal.Kaske@noaa.gov RI Oakleaf, Megan/A-7033-2010; OI Oakleaf, Megan/0000-0002-2823-8163 NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 17 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1531-2542 J9 PORTAL-LIBR ACAD JI Portal-Libr. Acad PD APR PY 2009 VL 9 IS 2 BP 273 EP 286 PG 14 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 441OL UT WOS:000265778400006 ER PT J AU Neiman, PJ White, AB Ralph, FM Gottas, DJ Gutman, SI AF Neiman, P. J. White, A. B. Ralph, F. M. Gottas, D. J. Gutman, S. I. TI A water vapour flux tool for precipitation forecasting SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS-WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE hydrology & water resource; research & development; weather ID OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; SIERRA-NEVADA; PACIFIC-OCEAN; CALJET; MOUNTAINS; WINTER; RADAR; RAIN AB The skill of quantitative precipitation forecasts is poor, especially for extreme events. This paper describes a new tool that combines wind observations aloft (from wind pro. ling radars) with vertically integrated water vapour (IWV) measurements derived from global positioning system (GPS) receivers to estimate the bulk transport of water vapour. This transport strongly influences precipitation enhancement by mountains. Based on earlier research, a controlling wind layer is defined, which has maximum correlation between the horizontal component of the wind directed upslope at the coast and the rainfall measured downwind in the mountains. The altitude of the maximum correlation (similar to 1 km above sea level) often corresponds to the altitude of the low-level jet that typically resides in the region of enhanced water vapour transport ahead of an approaching cyclone's cold front (i.e. in the atmospheric river portion of the storm). The wind at this level usually differs from the wind at the surface, pointing to the need for wind measurements aloft. The upslope wind in the controlling layer is then combined with the IWV measurement to calculate hourly, layer-mean, bulk water vapour transport. Case studies and four winters of data, including rain-gauge networks, demonstrate the close relationship between bulk water vapour transport and mountain precipitation. For example, heavy rainfall capable of generating flooding (i.e. 510 mm/h) occurs at the mountain site almost exclusively when coastal observations of IWV and upslope flow exceed 2 cm and 12.5 m/s, respectively (i.e. the bulk water vapour transport surpasses 25 m/s cm). These results are integrated into a prototype real-time diagnostic tool that has the potential to improve short-term quantitative precipitation forecasts in coastal mountains. C1 [Neiman, P. J.; White, A. B.; Ralph, F. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Gottas, D. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gutman, S. I.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Neiman, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. FU NOAA's FX This study would not have been possible without the dedicated support of the talented engineering and technical team located in the Physical Sciences Division of NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory that built, deployed, and maintained the radars used in this study. In particular, the authors acknowledge Mr. James R. Jordan and Dr. Clark W. King for managing the staff and field deployments. The authors also thank Mr. Robert Mann for his ongoing generosity in providing the Cazadero coastal mountain observing site and the Bodega Bay Marine Laboratory for their cooperation in providing the coastal observing site. This research was supported by NOAA's Hydrometeorological Testbed program and NOAA's Weather-Climate Connection project. NR 49 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 11 PU ICE PUBLISHING PI WESTMINISTER PA INST CIVIL ENGINEERS, 1 GREAT GEORGE ST, WESTMINISTER SW 1P 3AA, ENGLAND SN 1741-7589 J9 P I CIVIL ENG-WAT M JI Proc. Inst. Civil. Eng.-Water Manag. PD APR PY 2009 VL 162 IS 2 BP 83 EP 94 DI 10.1680/wama.2009.162.2.83 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 452NR UT WOS:000266548100004 ER PT J AU Megrey, BA Link, JS Moksness, E AF Megrey, Bernard A. Link, Jason S. Moksness, Erlend TI Comparative marine ecosystem structure and function: Descriptors and characteristics Preface SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Megrey, Bernard A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Link, Jason S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Moksness, Erlend] Flodevigen Marine Res Stn, Inst Marine Res, N-4817 His, Norway. RP Megrey, BA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM bern.megrey@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD APR-JUN PY 2009 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2009.04.001 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 487UD UT WOS:000269301200001 ER PT J AU Megrey, BA Link, JS Hunt, GL Moksness, E AF Megrey, Bernard A. Link, Jason S. Hunt, George L., Jr. Moksness, Erlend TI Comparative marine ecosystem analysis: Applications, opportunities, and lessons learned SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICES Annual Science Conference CY 2007 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP ICES ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; STRUCTURED ENERGY-FLOW; NORTH-ATLANTIC COD; CLIMATE-CHANGE; REGIME SHIFTS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; UPWELLING ECOSYSTEMS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; GEORGES-BANK AB The papers in this special issue seek to evaluate how ecosystem structure and function interact to support fisheries production. We particularly elucidate which processes amplify or dampen spatial and temporal variation in that production within and between ecosystems. This paper attempts to assess the contribution of marine comparative ecosystem analysis to knowledge of the factors that affect the structure and function of marine ecosystems. We introduce the reader to the special volume, briefly highlighting the manuscripts in this special issue as organized by various thematic emphases. Papers in this volume are reviewed and briefly summarized with respect to current approaches, applications, opportunities, and lessons learned. Several approaches, applied to ecosystems over different spatial and temporal periods as well as the application of innovative statistical methods, facilitated comparisons and revealed basic underlying patterns that would not have been observable if only one ecosystem had been examined. Results imply that deeper eastern ocean boundary systems are more strongly influenced by bottom-up forcing; that shallower western ocean boundary systems, mainly continental shelves, are more strongly influenced by top-down forcing; and that synchronous events have taken place around the world's oceans. In many examples, it appears as if fisheries landings have shifted in emphasis from groundfish to invertebrates and that fish communities have shifted from a demersal to pelagic dominated groups. The benthos is an important, but understudied component of most ecosystems. We advocate database standardization at the onset of comparative studies as a mechanism to facilitate effective comparisons in future studies. Effective marine ecosystem comparisons require large, multi-national collaborations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Megrey, Bernard A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Link, Jason S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hunt, George L., Jr.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Moksness, Erlend] Inst Marine Res, Flodevigen Marine Res Stn, N-4817 His, Norway. RP Megrey, BA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM bern.megrey@noaa.gov OI Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697 NR 88 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD APR-JUN PY 2009 VL 81 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 2 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2009.04.002 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 487UD UT WOS:000269301200002 ER PT J AU Drinkwater, KF Mueter, F Friedland, KD Taylor, M Hunt, GL Hare, J Melle, W AF Drinkwater, K. F. Mueter, F. Friedland, K. D. Taylor, M. Hunt, G. L., Jr. Hare, J. Melle, W. TI Recent climate forcing and physical oceanographic changes in Northern Hemisphere regions: A review and comparison of four marine ecosystems SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICES Annual Science Conference CY 2007 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP ICES ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; WESTERN BARENTS SEA; ICE EXTENT; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; GEORGES BANK; POLAR FRONT; NORDIC SEAS; PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; GULF AB As part of a project comparing the structure and function of four marine ecosystems off Norway and the United States, this paper examines the oceanographic responses to climate forcing, with emphasis on recent changes. The four Northern Hemisphere ecosystems include two in the Pacific Ocean (Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska) and two in the Atlantic Ocean (Georges Bank/Gulf of Maine and the Barents/Norwegian Seas). Air temperatures, wind forcing and heat fluxes over the four regions are compared as well as ocean hydrography and sea-ice conditions where seasonal sea ice is found. The long-term interannual variability in air temperatures, winds and net heat fluxes show strong similarity between adjacent ecosystems and within subregions of an ecosystem, but no significant correlations between Pacific and Atlantic ecosystems and few across the Atlantic. In spite of the lack of correlation between climate forcing and ocean conditions between most of the ecosystems, recent years have seen record or near record highs in air and sea temperatures in all ecosystems. The apparent causes of the warming differ. In the Atlantic, they appear to be due to advection, while in the Pacific temperatures are more closely linked to air-sea heat exchanges. Advection is also responsible for the observed changes in salinity in the Atlantic ecosystems (generally increasing salinity in the Barents and Norwegian Seas and decreasing in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank) while salinity changes in the Gulf of Alaska are largely related to increased local runoff. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Drinkwater, K. F.; Melle, W.] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Drinkwater, K. F.; Melle, W.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Mueter, F.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Div Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Friedland, K. D.; Hare, J.] NOAA, NMFS, NEFSC, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Taylor, M.] NOAA, NMFS, NEFSC, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hunt, G. L., Jr.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Drinkwater, KF (reprint author), Inst Marine Res, POB 1870, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. EM ken.drinkwater@imr.no OI Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697 NR 89 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD APR-JUN PY 2009 VL 81 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 10 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2009.04.003 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 487UD UT WOS:000269301200003 ER PT J AU Link, JS Stockhausen, WT Skaret, G Overholtz, W Megrey, BA Gjosaeter, H Gaichas, S Dommasnes, A Falk-Petersen, J Kane, J Mueter, FJ Friedland, KD Hare, JA AF Link, Jason S. Stockhausen, William T. Skaret, Georg Overholtz, William Megrey, Bernard A. Gjosaeter, Harald Gaichas, Sarah Dommasnes, Are Falk-Petersen, Jannike Kane, Joseph Mueter, Franz J. Friedland, Kevin D. Hare, Jonathan A. TI A comparison of biological trends from four marine ecosystems: Synchronies, differences, and commonalities SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICES Annual Science Conference CY 2007 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP ICES ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; PHYTOPLANKTON-ZOOPLANKTON MODEL; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; NORTH-ATLANTIC COD; EASTERN BERING-SEA; BARENTS-SEA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GEORGES-BANK; REGIME SHIFTS AB Major features of four marine ecosystems were analyzed based on a broad range of fisheries-associated datasets and a suite of oceanographic surveys. The ecosystems analyzed included the Gulf of Maine/Georges Bank in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean, the Norwegian/Barents Seas in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, and the eastern Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. We examined survey trends in major fish abundances, total system fish biomass, and zooplankton biomasses. We standardized each time series and examined trends and anomalies over time, using both time series and cross-correlational statistical methods. We compared dynamics of functionally analogous species from each of these four ecosystems. Major commonalities among ecosystems included a relatively stable amount of total fish biomass and the importance of large calanoid copepods, small pelagic fishes and gadids. Some of the changes in these components were synchronous across ecosystems. Major differences between ecosystems included gradients in the magnitude of total fish biomass, commercial fish biomass, and the timing of major detected events. This work demonstrates the value of comparative analysis across a wide range of marine ecosystems, suggestive of very few but none-the-less detectable common features across all northern hemisphere ocean systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Link, Jason S.; Overholtz, William] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Stockhausen, William T.; Megrey, Bernard A.; Gaichas, Sarah] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Skaret, Georg; Gjosaeter, Harald; Dommasnes, Are] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Falk-Petersen, Jannike] Univ Tromso, Polar Environm Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Kane, Joseph; Friedland, Kevin D.; Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Mueter, Franz J.] Sigma Plus Stat Consulting, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Link, JS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Jason.Link@noaa.gov OI Gjosaeter, Harald/0000-0001-7694-6503 NR 116 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD APR-JUN PY 2009 VL 81 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 29 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2009.04.004 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 487UD UT WOS:000269301200004 ER PT J AU Gaichas, S Skaret, G Falk-Petersen, J Link, JS Overholtz, W Megrey, BA Gjosaeter, H Stockhausen, WT Dommasnes, A Friedland, KD Aydin, K AF Gaichas, Sarah Skaret, Georg Falk-Petersen, Jannike Link, Jason S. Overholtz, William Megrey, Bernard A. Gjosaeter, Harald Stockhausen, William T. Dommasnes, Are Friedland, Kevin D. Aydin, Kerim TI A comparison of community and trophic structure in five marine ecosystems based on energy budgets and system metrics SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICES Annual Science Conference CY 2007 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP ICES ID REGIME SHIFTS; FOOD-WEB; ECOPATH; MECHANISMS; INDICATORS; FISHERIES; MODELS; ECOSIM; RATES AB Energy budget models for five marine ecosystems were compared to identify differences and similarities in trophic and community structure. We examined the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank in the northwest Atlantic Ocean, the combined Norwegian/Barents Seas in the northeast Atlantic Ocean, and the eastern Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Comparable energy budgets were constructed for each ecosystem by aggregating information for similar species groups into consistent functional groups. Several ecosystem indices (e.g., functional group production, consumption and biomass ratios, cumulative biomass, food web macrodescriptors, and network metrics) were compared for each ecosystem. The comparative approach clearly identified data gaps for each ecosystem, an important outcome of this work. Commonalities across the ecosystems included overall high primary production and energy flow at low trophic levels, high production and consumption by carnivorous zooplankton, and similar proportions of apex predator to lower trophic level biomass. Major differences included distinct biomass ratios of pelagic to demersal fish, ranging from highest in the combined Norwegian/Barents ecosystem to lowest in the Alaskan systems, and notable differences in primary production per unit area, highest in the Alaskan and Georges Bank/Gulf of Maine ecosystems, and lowest in the Norwegian ecosystems. While comparing a disparate group of organisms across a wide range of marine ecosystems is challenging, this work demonstrates that standardized metrics both elucidate properties common to marine ecosystems and identify key distinctions useful for fisheries management. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gaichas, Sarah; Megrey, Bernard A.; Stockhausen, William T.; Aydin, Kerim] NMFS Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Skaret, Georg; Gjosaeter, Harald; Dommasnes, Are] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Falk-Petersen, Jannike] Univ Tromso, NCFS, Dept Econ & Management, N-9001 Tromso, Norway. [Link, Jason S.; Overholtz, William] NMFS NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Friedland, Kevin D.] NMFS NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Gaichas, S (reprint author), NMFS Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Sarah.Gaichas@noaa.gov OI Gjosaeter, Harald/0000-0001-7694-6503 NR 35 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD APR-JUN PY 2009 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 47 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2009.04.005 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 487UD UT WOS:000269301200005 ER PT J AU Megrey, BA Hare, JA Stockhausen, WT Dommasnes, A Gjosaeter, H Overholtz, W Gaichas, S Skaret, G Falk-Petersen, J Link, JS Friedland, KD AF Megrey, Bernard A. Hare, Jonathan A. Stockhausen, William T. Dommasnes, Are Gjosaeter, Harald Overholtz, William Gaichas, Sarah Skaret, Georg Falk-Petersen, Jannike Link, Jason S. Friedland, Kevin D. TI A cross-ecosystem comparison of spatial and temporal patterns of covariation in the recruitment of functionally analogous fish stocks SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICES Annual Science Conference CY 2007 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP ICES ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; REGIME SHIFTS; TIME-SERIES; EXTENDED RECONSTRUCTION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SALMON PRODUCTION; PACIFIC-SALMON; UNITED-STATES; SEA ECOSYSTEM AB Temporal and spatial patterns of recruitment (R) and spawning stock biomass (S) variability were compared among functionally analogous species and similar feeding guilds from six marine ecosystems. Data were aggregated into four regions including the Gulf of Maine/Georges Bank, the Norwegian/Barents Seas, the eastern Bering Sea, and the Gulf of Alaska. Variability was characterized by calculating coefficients of variation and anomalies for three response variables: ln(R), ln(R/S), and stock-recruit model residuals. Patterns of synchrony and asynchrony in the response variables were examined among and between ecosystems, between- and within-ocean basins and among functionally analogous species groups using pair-wise correlation analysis corrected for within-time series autocorrelation, multivariate cross-correlation analyses and regime shift detectors. Time series trends in response variables showed consistent within basin similarities and consistent and coherent differences between the Atlantic and Pacific basin ecosystems. Regime shift detection algorithms identified two broad-scale regime shift time periods for the pelagic feeding guild (1972-1976 and 1999-2002) and possibly one for the benthic feeding guild (1999-2002). No spatial patterns in response variable coefficients of variation were observed. Results from multivariate cross-correlation analysis showed similar trends. The data suggest common external factors act in synchrony on stocks within ocean basins but temporal stock patterns, often of the same species or functional group, between basins change in opposition to each other. Basin-scale results (similar within but different between) suggest that the two geographically broad areas are connected by unknown mechanisms that, depending on the year, may influence the two basins in opposite ways. This work demonstrates that commonalities and synchronies in recruitment fluctuations can be found across geographically distant ecosystems but biophysical causes of the fluctuations remain difficult to identify. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Megrey, Bernard A.; Stockhausen, William T.; Gaichas, Sarah] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hare, Jonathan A.; Overholtz, William; Link, Jason S.; Friedland, Kevin D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hare, Jonathan A.; Overholtz, William; Link, Jason S.; Friedland, Kevin D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Dommasnes, Are; Gjosaeter, Harald; Skaret, Georg; Falk-Petersen, Jannike] Inst Marine Res, N-5024 Bergen, Norway. RP Megrey, BA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM bern.megrey@noaa.gov OI Gjosaeter, Harald/0000-0001-7694-6503 NR 83 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD APR-JUN PY 2009 VL 81 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 63 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2009.04.006 PG 30 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 487UD UT WOS:000269301200006 ER PT J AU Mueter, FJ Broms, C Drinkwater, KF Friedland, KD Hare, JA Hunt, GL Melle, W Taylor, M AF Mueter, Franz J. Broms, Cecilie Drinkwater, Kenneth F. Friedland, Kevin D. Hare, Jonathan A. Hunt, George L., Jr. Melle, Webjorn Taylor, Maureen TI Ecosystem responses to recent oceanographic variability in high-latitude Northern Hemisphere ecosystems SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICES Annual Science Conference CY 2007 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP ICES ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; COD GADUS-MORHUA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BARENTS SEA; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; GEORGES-BANK; ZOOPLANKTON ABUNDANCE; MESOSCALE VARIABILITY; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; MARINE ECOSYSTEM AB As part of the international MENU collaboration, we compared and contrasted ecosystem responses to climate-forced oceanographic variability across several high latitude regions of the North Pacific (Eastern Bering Sea (EBS) and Gulf of Alaska (GOA)) and North Atlantic Oceans (Gulf of Maine/Georges Bank (GOM/GB) and the Norwegian/Barents Seas (NOR/BAR)). Differences in the nitrate content of deep source waters and incoming solar radiation largely explain differences in average primary productivity among these ecosystems. We compared trends in productivity and abundance at various trophic levels and their relationships with sea-surface temperature. Annual net primary production generally increases with annual mean sea-surface temperature between systems and within the EBS, BAR, and GOM/GB. Zooplankton biomass appears to be controlled by both top-down (predation by fish) and bottom-up forcing (advection, SST) in the BAR and NOR regions. In contrast, zooplankton in the GOM/GB region showed no evidence of top-down forcing but appeared to control production of major fish populations through bottom-up processes that are independent of temperature variability. Recruitment of several fish stocks is significantly and positively correlated with temperature in the EBS and BAR, but cod and pollock recruitment in the EBS has been negatively correlated with temperature since the 1977 shift to generally warmer conditions. In each of the ecosystems, fish species showed a general poleward movement in response to warming. In addition, the distribution of groundfish in the EBS has shown a more complex, non-linear response to warming resulting from internal community dynamics. Responses to recent warming differ across systems and appear to be more direct and more pronounced in the higher latitude systems where food webs and trophic interactions are simpler and where both zooplankton and fish species are often limited by cold temperatures. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mueter, Franz J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Broms, Cecilie; Drinkwater, Kenneth F.; Melle, Webjorn] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Friedland, Kevin D.; Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, NMFS, NEFSC, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Hunt, George L., Jr.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Taylor, Maureen] NOAA, NMFS, NEFSC, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Mueter, FJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM fmueter@alaska.edu OI Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697 NR 126 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD APR-JUN PY 2009 VL 81 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 93 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2009.04.018 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 487UD UT WOS:000269301200007 ER PT J AU Pranovi, F Link, JS AF Pranovi, Fabio Link, Jason S. TI Ecosystem exploitation and trophodynamic indicators: A comparison between the Northern Adriatic Sea and Southern New England SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICES Annual Science Conference CY 2007 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP ICES ID FOOD WEBS; TROPHIC CHARACTERISTICS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; TONGOY BAY; MODELS; STABILITY; FISHERIES; COMPLEXITY; MANAGEMENT AB In an ecosystem-based resource management context, it is crucial to assess the relationships between community structure and ecosystem function and how those relationships change with resource extraction. To elucidate how changes in resource use can affect community structure and ecosystem function, we executed a comparative analysis of two different ecosystems subjected to notable fishing pressure. We contrasted the Northern Adriatic Sea (NAS) and Southern New England (SNE) ecosystems by examining outputs from comparable steady-state models. Both ecosystems have relatively high fishing pressure and a high biomass of benthic invertebrates. The basic structure of the food webs shows differences both in the number and definition of the functional groups, as described in the models. Fisheries, on the contrary, show similarities both in terms of catches and discards. Almost all statistics summarizing the structure and flows showed values three times higher in the SNE than in the NAS ecosystem, but despite this difference the two ecosystems exhibited similar, overall properties. Biomass ratios and the Mixed Trophic Impact (MTI) analysis showed that both ecosystems are dominated by the benthic compartment. Removing the biomass effect, however, shows a clear top-down effect, with a high rank achieved by fishing activities. In general terms, the low mean trophic level of catches and the high primary production required (PPR) values result in a high overexploitation level of the ecosystem. as highlighted by the L index. We conclude by exploring how comparative studies will continue to be valuable as ecosystem-based management is further implemented. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pranovi, Fabio] Univ Venice, Dipartimento Sci Ambientali, I-30170 Venice, Italy. [Link, Jason S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Pranovi, F (reprint author), Univ Venice, Dipartimento Sci Ambientali, Castello 2737-B, I-30170 Venice, Italy. EM fpranovi@unive.it; jason.link@noaa.gov NR 123 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD APR-JUN PY 2009 VL 81 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 149 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2009.04.008 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 487UD UT WOS:000269301200010 ER PT J AU Belkin, IM Cornillon, PC Sherman, K AF Belkin, Igor M. Cornillon, Peter C. Sherman, Kenneth TI Fronts in Large Marine Ecosystems SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICES Annual Science Conference CY 2007 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP ICES ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE FRONTS; NORTHEAST US COAST; EDGE-DETECTION; SST IMAGES; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PATAGONIAN SHELF; THERMAL FRONTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OCEAN FRONTS AB Oceanic fronts shape marine ecosystems; therefore front mapping and characterization are among the most important aspects of physical oceanography. Here we report on the first global remote sensing survey of fronts in the Large Marine Ecosystems (LME). This survey is based on a unique frontal data archive assembled at the University of Rhode Island. Thermal fronts were automatically derived with the edge detection algorithm of Cayula and Cornillon (1992, 1995, 1996) from 12 years of twice-daily, global, 9-km resolution satellite sea surface temperature (SST) fields to produce synoptic (nearly instantaneous) frontal maps, and to compute the long-term mean frequency of occurrence of SST fronts and their gradients. These synoptic and long-term maps were used to identify major quasi-stationary fronts and to derive provisional frontal distribution maps for all LMEs. Since SST fronts are typically collocated with fronts in other water properties such as salinity, density and chlorophyll, digital frontal paths from SST frontal maps can be used in studies of physical-biological correlations at fronts. Frontal patterns in several exemplary LMEs are described and compared, including those for: the East and West Bering Sea LMEs, Sea of Okhotsk LME, East China Sea LME, Yellow Sea LME, North Sea LME, East and West Greenland Shelf LMEs, Newfoundland-Labrador Shelf LME, Northeast and Southeast US Continental Shelf LMEs, Gulf of Mexico LME, and Patagonian Shelf LME. Seasonal evolution of frontal patterns in major upwelling zones reveals an order-of-magnitude growth of frontal scales from summer to winter. A classification of LMEs with regard to the origin and physics of their respective dominant fronts is presented. The proposed classification lends itself to comparative studies of frontal ecosystems. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Belkin, Igor M.; Cornillon, Peter C.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Sherman, Kenneth] NOAA, NMFS, NEFSC, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Belkin, IM (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, 215 S Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM igormbelkin@gmail.com NR 54 TC 125 Z9 129 U1 10 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD APR-JUN PY 2009 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 223 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2009.04.015 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 487UD UT WOS:000269301200016 ER PT J AU Klein, SA McCoy, RB Morrison, H Ackerman, AS Avramov, A de Boer, G Chen, MX Cole, JNS Del Genio, AD Falk, M Foster, MJ Fridlind, A Golaz, JC Hashino, T Harrington, JY Hoose, C Khairoutdinov, MF Larson, VE Liu, XH Luo, YL McFarquhar, GM Menon, S Neggers, RAJ Park, S Poellot, MR Schmidt, JM Sednev, I Shipway, BJ Shupe, MD Spangenbery, DA Sud, YC Turner, DD Veron, DE von Salzen, K Walker, GK Wang, ZE Wolf, AB Xie, SC Xu, KM Yang, FL Zhang, G AF Klein, Stephen A. McCoy, Renata B. Morrison, Hugh Ackerman, Andrew S. Avramov, Alexander de Boer, Gijs Chen, Mingxuan Cole, Jason N. S. Del Genio, Anthony D. Falk, Michael Foster, Michael J. Fridlind, Ann Golaz, Jean-Christophe Hashino, Tempei Harrington, Jerry Y. Hoose, Corinna Khairoutdinov, Marat F. Larson, Vincent E. Liu, Xiaohong Luo, Yali McFarquhar, Greg M. Menon, Surabi Neggers, Roel A. J. Park, Sungsu Poellot, Michael R. Schmidt, Jerome M. Sednev, Igor Shipway, Ben J. Shupe, Matthew D. Spangenbery, Douglas A. Sud, Yogesh C. Turner, David D. Veron, Dana E. von Salzen, Knut Walker, Gregory K. Wang, Zhien Wolf, Audrey B. Xie, Shaocheng Xu, Kuan-Man Yang, Fanglin Zhang, Gong TI Intercomparison of model simulations of mixed-phase clouds observed during the ARM Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment. I: Single-layer cloud SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE mixed-phase cloud; Arctic clouds; single-column models; cloud-resolving models ID COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; MOMENT MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; LIQUID WATER PATH; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; VERSION-3 CAM3; CLIMATE MODELS; BEAUFORT SEA; PART II AB Results are presented from an intercomparison of single-column and cloud-resolving model simulations of a cold-air outbreak mixed-phase stratocumulus cloud observed during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) programme's Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment. The observed cloud occurred in a well-mixed boundary layer with a cloud-top temperature of -15 degrees C. The average liquid water path of around 160 g m(-2) was about two-thirds of the adiabatic value and far greater than the average mass of ice which when integrated from the surface to cloud top was around 15 g m(-2). Simulations of 17 single-column models (SCMs) and 9 cloud-resolving models (CRMs) are compared. While the simulated ice water path is generally consistent with observed values, the median SCM and CRM liquid water path is a factor-of-three smaller than observed. Results from a sensitivity study in which models removed ice microphysics suggest that in many models the interaction between liquid and ice-phase microphysics is responsible for the large model underestimate of liquid water path. Despite this underestimate, the simulated liquid and ice water paths of several models are consistent with observed values. Furthermore, models with more sophisticated microphysics simulate liquid and ice water paths that are in better agreement with the observed values, although considerable scatter exists. Although no single factor guarantees a good simulation, these results emphasize the need for improvement in the model representation of mixed-phase microphysics. Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Klein, Stephen A.; McCoy, Renata B.; Xie, Shaocheng] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Morrison, Hugh] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Ackerman, Andrew S.; Del Genio, Anthony D.; Fridlind, Ann; Wolf, Audrey B.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Avramov, Alexander; Harrington, Jerry Y.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [de Boer, Gijs; Hashino, Tempei; Turner, David D.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Chen, Mingxuan] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Cole, Jason N. S.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Falk, Michael; Larson, Vincent E.] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Foster, Michael J.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Golaz, Jean-Christophe] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hoose, Corinna] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Khairoutdinov, Marat F.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Liu, Xiaohong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Luo, Yali] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. [McFarquhar, Greg M.; Zhang, Gong] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Menon, Surabi; Sednev, Igor] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Neggers, Roel A. J.] KNMI, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Park, Sungsu] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Poellot, Michael R.] Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Schmidt, Jerome M.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Shipway, Ben J.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Spangenbery, Douglas A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Sud, Yogesh C.; Walker, Gregory K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Veron, Dana E.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE USA. [von Salzen, Knut] Canadian Ctr Climate, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Wang, Zhien] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Xu, Kuan-Man] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Yang, Fanglin] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Klein, SA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM klein21@llnl.gov RI Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016; Hoose, Corinna/A-4295-2009; Shipway, Ben/E-1375-2011; de Boer, Gijs/F-3949-2011; Wang, Zhien/F-4857-2011; Ackerman, Andrew/D-4433-2012; Xu, Kuan-Man/B-7557-2013; Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Del Genio, Anthony/D-4663-2012; Fridlind, Ann/E-1495-2012; Yang, Fanglin/A-1948-2013 OI Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X; Cole, Jason/0000-0003-0450-2748; McFarquhar, Greg/0000-0003-0950-0135; Hoose, Corinna/0000-0003-2827-5789; Shipway, Ben/0000-0002-7419-0789; de Boer, Gijs/0000-0003-4652-7150; Ackerman, Andrew/0000-0003-0254-6253; Xu, Kuan-Man/0000-0001-7851-2629; Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; Del Genio, Anthony/0000-0001-7450-1359; FU Office of Science of the United States (US) Department of Energy [DE-AI02-94ER61768, DE-FG02-02ER63370, DE-FG02-02ER63337, DE-FG02-03ER63539, DE-FG02-05ER63955, DE-FG02-05ER63959, DE-FG02-05ER64058, DE-FG02-05ER64069, DE-AI02-06ER64173, DE-FG02-06ER64167, DE-FG02-06ER64168, DE-AI02-06ER64183, DE-FG02-06ER64187, DE-FG02-07ER64378]; US National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) [NNG06GBB1G]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM-0415184, ATM-0442605, G-7424-1]; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Department of Defense Center for Geosciences/Atmospheric Research at Colorado State University via Cooperative [DAAD19-02-2-0005]; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research; Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences; Colorado State University under cooperative [ATM-0425247]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO-1830] FX This work is supported by the Office of Science of the United States (US) Department of Energy under grants DE-AI02-94ER61768 (Del Genio), DE-FG02-02ER63370 (Chen), DE-FG02-02ER63337 (McFarquhar), DE-FG02-03ER63539 (Morrison), DE-FG02-05ER63955 (Cole), DE-FG02-05ER63959 (Park), DE-FG02-05ER64058 (Harrington), DE-FG02-05ER64069 (Wang), DE-AI02-06ER64173 (Ackerman and Fridlind), DE-FG02-06ER64167 (Turner), DE-FG02-06ER64168 (Poellot), DE-AI02-06ER64183 (Xu), DE-FG02-06ER64187 (de Boer), and DE-FG02-07ER64378 (McFarquhar). A. Ackerman and A. Fridlind are supported by the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Radiation Sciences Program and the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division. M. Chen is supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant ATM-0415184. J. Cole is supported by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences. M. Falk and V. Larson are supported by NSF grant ATM-0442605 and subaward G-7424-1 from the Department of Defense Center for Geosciences/Atmospheric Research at Colorado State University via Cooperative Agreement DAAD19-02-2-0005 with the Army Research Laboratory. C. Hoose is supported by the climate programme of the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research. Y. Luo is supported by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences and NASA's Cloud Modeling and Analysis Initiative. H. Morrison is supported by NASA grant NNG06GBB1G and by the NSF Science and Technology Center for Multi-Scale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes, managed by Colorado State University under cooperative agreement ATM-0425247. The contribution of S. Klein, R. McCoy, and S. Xie to this work is performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO-1830. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Gratitude is expressed to A. Beljaars for providing ECMWF analysis data. Comments of R. Pincus and three anonymous reviewers are appreciated. NR 102 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2009 VL 135 IS 641 BP 979 EP 1002 DI 10.1002/qj.416 PN B PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 473QL UT WOS:000268222800013 ER PT J AU Morrison, H McCoy, RB Klein, SA Xie, SC Luo, YL Avramov, A Chen, MX Cole, JNS Falk, M Foster, MJ Del Genio, AD Harrington, JY Hoose, C Khairoutdinov, MF Larson, VE Liu, XH McFarquhar, GM Poellot, MR von Salzen, K Shipway, BJ Shupe, MD Sud, YC Turner, DD Veron, DE Walker, GK Wang, ZE Wolf, AB Xu, KM Yang, FL Zhang, G AF Morrison, Hugh McCoy, Renata B. Klein, Stephen A. Xie, Shaocheng Luo, Yali Avramov, Alexander Chen, Mingxuan Cole, Jason N. S. Falk, Michael Foster, Michael J. Del Genio, Anthony D. Harrington, Jerry Y. Hoose, Corinna Khairoutdinov, Marat F. Larson, Vincent E. Liu, Xiaohong McFarquhar, Greg M. Poellot, Michael R. von Salzen, Knut Shipway, Ben J. Shupe, Matthew D. Sud, Yogesh C. Turner, David D. Veron, Dana E. Walker, Gregory K. Wang, Zhien Wolf, Audrey B. Xu, Kuan-Man Yang, Fanglin Zhang, Gong TI Intercomparison of model simulations of mixed-phase clouds observed during the ARM Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment. II: Multilayer cloud SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE mixed-phase cloud; Arctic clouds; single-column models; cloud-resolving models ID SINGLE-COLUMN MODEL; LIQUID WATER PATH; STRATUS CLOUDS; REMOTE SENSORS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MICROPHYSICS; RADIATION; BULK; SHEBA; STRATOCUMULUS AB Results are presented from an intercomparison of single-column and cloud-resolving model simulations of a deep, multilayered, mixed-phase cloud system observed during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment. This cloud system was associated with strong surface turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes as cold air flowed over the open Arctic Ocean, combined with a low pressure system that supplied moisture at mid-levels. The simulations, performed by 13 single-column and 4 cloud-resolving models, generally overestimate liquid water path and strongly underestimate ice water path, although there is a large spread among models. This finding is in contrast with results for the single-layer, low-level mixed-phase stratocumulus case in Part I, as well as previous studies of shallow mixed-phase Arctic clouds, that showed an underprediction of liquid water path. These results suggest important differences in the ability of models to simulate deeper Arctic mixed-phase clouds versus the shallow, single-layered mixed-phase clouds in Part I. The observed liquid-ice mass ratios were much smaller than in Part I, despite the similarity of cloud temperatures. Thus, models employing microphysics schemes with temperature-based partitioning of cloud liquid and ice masses are not able to produce results consistent with observations for both cases. Models with more sophisticated, two-moment treatment of cloud microphysics produce a somewhat smaller liquid water path closer to observations. Cloud-resolving models tend to produce a larger cloud fraction than single-column models. The liquid water path and cloud fraction have a large impact on the cloud radiative forcing at the surface, which is dominated by long-wave flux. Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Morrison, Hugh] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [McCoy, Renata B.; Klein, Stephen A.; Xie, Shaocheng] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Avramov, Alexander; Harrington, Jerry Y.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Chen, Mingxuan] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Khairoutdinov, Marat F.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Liu, Xiaohong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Luo, Yali] Chinese Acad Meterol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Xu, Kuan-Man] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Hoose, Corinna] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Cole, Jason N. S.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Yang, Fanglin] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Sud, Yogesh C.; Walker, Gregory K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Del Genio, Anthony D.; Wolf, Audrey B.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Veron, Dana E.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE USA. [Shipway, Ben J.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Foster, Michael J.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Falk, Michael; Larson, Vincent E.] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [McFarquhar, Greg M.; Zhang, Gong] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Turner, David D.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Wang, Zhien] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Poellot, Michael R.] Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [von Salzen, Knut] Canadian Ctr Climate, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Morrison, H (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM morrison@ucar.edu RI Shipway, Ben/E-1375-2011; Wang, Zhien/F-4857-2011; Del Genio, Anthony/D-4663-2012; Yang, Fanglin/A-1948-2013; Xu, Kuan-Man/B-7557-2013; Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016; Hoose, Corinna/A-4295-2009 OI McFarquhar, Greg/0000-0003-0950-0135; Shipway, Ben/0000-0002-7419-0789; Del Genio, Anthony/0000-0001-7450-1359; Xu, Kuan-Man/0000-0001-7851-2629; Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X; Cole, Jason/0000-0003-0450-2748; Hoose, Corinna/0000-0003-2827-5789 FU Office of Science of the United States Department of Energy [DE-A102-94ER61768, DE-FG02-02ER63337, DE-FG02-03ER63539, DE-FG02-05ER64058, DE-FG02-05ER64069, DE-FG02-06ER64167, DE-FG02-02ER63370, DE-FG02-06ER64168, DE-AI02-06ER64183, DE-FG02-07ER64378]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0415184, ATM-0442605, G7424-1]; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Department of Defense Center for Geosciences/Atmospheric Research at Colorado State University via Cooperative Agreement [DAAD19-02-2-0005]; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research; Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Cloud Modeling and Analysis Initiative; NASA [NNG06GBBIG]; Colorado State University under cooperative agreement [ATM-0425247]; US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO-1830] FX This work is supported by the Office of Science of the United States Department of Energy under grants DE-A102-94ER61768 (Del Genio), DE-FG02-02ER63337 (McFarquhar), DE-FG02-03ER63539 (Morrison), DE-FG02-05ER64058 (Harrington), DE-FG02-05ER64069 (Wang), DE-FG02-06ER64167 (Turner), DE-FG02-02ER63370 (Chen), DE-FG02-06ER64168 (Poellot), DE-AI02-06ER64183 (Xu and Luo), and DE-FG02-07ER64378 (McFarquhar). M. Chen also is also supported by National Science Foundation grant ATM-0415184. J. Cole is supported by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences. M. Falk and V. Larson are supported by National Science Foundation grant ATM-0442605 and sub-award G7424-1 from the Department of Defense Center for Geosciences/Atmospheric Research at Colorado State University via Cooperative Agreement DAAD19-02-2-0005 with the Army Research Laboratory. C. Hoose is supported by the climate programme of the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research. Y. Luo is supported by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences and the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Cloud Modeling and Analysis Initiative. H. Morrison is supported by NASA grant NNG06GBBIG and by the NSF Science and Technology Center for MultiScale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes, managed by Colorado State University under cooperative agreement ATM-0425247. The contribution of S. Klein, R. McCoy, and S. Xie to this work is performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. X. Liu acknowledges that the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO-1830. National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Comments on the manuscript by R. Pincus and two anonymous reviewers are appreciated. NR 37 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 19 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2009 VL 135 IS 641 BP 1003 EP 1019 DI 10.1002/qj.415 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 473QL UT WOS:000268222800014 ER PT J AU Mann, JL Vocke, RD Kelly, WR AF Mann, Jacqueline L. Vocke, Robert D., Jr. Kelly, W. Robert TI Revised delta S-34 reference values for IAEA sulfur isotope reference materials S-2 and S-3 SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; MC-ICP-MS; RATIO MEASUREMENTS; ION MICROPROBE; V-CDT; SULFATE; FRACTIONATION; MINERALS; SULFIDES; COMBUSTION AB Revised delta S-34 reference values with associated expanded uncertainties (95% confidence interval (C.I.)) are presented for the sulfur isotope reference materials IAEA-S-2 (22.62 +/- 0.16 parts per thousand) and IAEA-S-3 (-32.49 +/- 0.16 parts per thousand). These revised values are determined using two relative-difference measurement techniques, gas Source isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GIRMS) and double-spike multi-collector thermal ionization mass spectrometry (MC-TIMS). Gas analyses have traditionally been considered the most robust for relative isotopic difference measurements of sulfur. The double-spike MC-TIMS technique provides all independent method for value-assignment validation and produces revised values that are both unbiased and more precise than previous value assignments. Unbiased delta S-34 values are required to anchor the positive and negative end members Of the Sulfur delta (6) scale because they are the basis for reporting both delta S-34 values an-cl the derived mass-independent Delta S-33 and Delta S-36 Values. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Mann, Jacqueline L.; Vocke, Robert D., Jr.; Kelly, W. Robert] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Inorgan Chem Metrol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mann, JL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Inorgan Chem Metrol Grp, 100 Bur Dr,MS8391, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jmann@nist.gov NR 62 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD APR PY 2009 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1116 EP 1124 DI 10.1002/rcm.3977 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 429UB UT WOS:000264944500004 PM 19288548 ER PT J AU Li, Y Wang, N Morrill, C Cheng, HY Long, H Zhao, Q AF Li, Yu Wang, Nai'ang Morrill, Carrie Cheng, Hongyi Long, Hao Zhao, Qiang TI Environmental change implied by the relationship between pollen assemblages and grain-size in NW Chinese lake sediments since the Late Glacial SO REVIEW OF PALAEOBOTANY AND PALYNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE environmental change; pollen assemblages; grain-size; lake sediments; arid conditions; monsoon ID SHIYANG RIVER DRAINAGE; NORTH CENTRAL MONGOLIA; CLIMATE CHANGES; LOESS PLATEAU; NORTHWESTERN CHINA; MILLENNIAL-SCALE; TENGGER DESERT; ASIAN MONSOON; ARID CHINA; HOLOCENE AB This paper contributes to an understanding of the relationship between pollen assemblages and grain-size in north-west China. Based on the relationship, we have reconstructed the environmental and vegetation history from sediments from Zhuye Lake. located in the marginal area of the Asian monsoon. During the Late Glacial (before similar to 13 cal ka BP), the high content of sand is correlated with low pollen concentrations, which implies an and environment and low vegetation cover in the drainage. The relatively high percentages of Pinus and Quercus pollen, derived from nearby high elevations, may indicate particularly low vegetation cover in the lower part of the watershed. Between 13 and 7.7 cal ka BP, increasing silt content is correlated with high percentages of Picea pollen. Fluvial flow and effective humidity at high elevations, as well as lake-level, all increase. Following this, an abrupt environmental change which is likely caused by some change in lake geomorphology persists for about 300 years. The Holocene Optimum is between 7.4 and 4.7 cal ka BP in this region. Pollen concentrations reach their highest values in the section. The abundant herb pollen reflects the high vegetation cover in the lower part of the watershed. The silt and the fine components in the sediments are high and stable indicating optimal moisture conditions. Between 4.7-1.5 cal ka BP the lake-level fell and silty peat was formed at the site. The pollen concentration decreased in contrast to the high pollen concentration in the Holocene Optimum. In the last 1500 years the lake-level fell while terrestrial sediments were deposited at the site. In this phase Chenopodiaceae, Nitrarla and Ephedra reach their highest values in the section reflecting an and environment. In Zhuye Lake and the surrounding area environmental changes are mainly controlled the combined effects of the East Asian monsoon and the Westerlies since the Late Glacial. In the last similar to 1.5 cal ka BP the intensive and trend may be correlated with changes in the Westerlies. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Yu; Wang, Nai'ang; Cheng, Hongyi; Long, Hao; Zhao, Qiang] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Li, Yu; Morrill, Carrie] NOAA Paleoclimatol Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Li, Yu; Morrill, Carrie] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Wang, N (reprint author), Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. EM Wangna@lzu.edu.cn OI Morrill, Carrie/0000-0002-1635-5469 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [50879033]; Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education [20050730030] FX This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50879033), Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (SRFD, NO. 20050730030). We would like to thank Prof. Xu Qinghai for assistance with pollen analyses, and also Prof. Li Yuecong for help with this work. NR 53 TC 22 Z9 40 U1 13 U2 81 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0034-6667 J9 REV PALAEOBOT PALYNO JI Rev. Palaeobot. Palynology PD APR PY 2009 VL 154 IS 1-4 BP 54 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2008.12.005 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA 435OS UT WOS:000265353800005 ER PT J AU Ahmad, F Rauch, S Hodor, M AF Ahmad, Fatima Rauch, Samuel Hodor, Mark TI Oil and Gas Development in the Arctic Ocean SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Ahmad, Fatima; Hodor, Mark] NOAA, Off Gen Counsel Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Ahmad, Fatima; Rauch, Samuel; Hodor, Mark] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Ahmad, F (reprint author), NOAA, Off Gen Counsel Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM Fatima.Ahmad@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 50 IS 4 BP 51 EP 55 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 438HF UT WOS:000265545800006 ER PT J AU Rahman, A Roytman, L Krakauer, NY Nizamuddin, M Goldberg, M AF Rahman, Atiqur Roytman, Leonid Krakauer, Nir Y. Nizamuddin, Mohammad Goldberg, Mitch TI Use of Vegetation Health Data for Estimation of Aus Rice Yield in Bangladesh SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Vegetation health indices; Correlation; Principal Component Regression ID REMOTE-SENSING DATA; INDEXES AB Rice is a vital staple crop for Bangladesh and surrounding countries, with interannual variation in yields depending on climatic conditions. We compared Bangladesh yield of aus rice, one of the main varieties grown, from official agricultural statistics with Vegetation Health (VH) Indices [Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI)] computed from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data covering a period of 15 years (19912005). A strong correlation was found between aus rice yield and VCI and VHI during the critical period of aus rice development that occurs during March-April (weeks 8-13 of the year), several months in advance of the rice harvest. Stepwise principal component regression (PCR) was used to construct a model to predict yield as a function of critical-period VHI. The model reduced the yield prediction error variance by 62% compared with a prediction of average yield for each year. Remote sensing is a valuable tool for estimating rice yields well in advance of harvest and at a low cost. C1 [Rahman, Atiqur; Roytman, Leonid; Krakauer, Nir Y.; Nizamuddin, Mohammad] CCNY, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Goldberg, Mitch] NESDIS NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Rahman, A (reprint author), CCNY, NOAA CREST, 138th St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM arahman1@ccny.cuny.edu; lroytman@optonline.net; nir@ce.ccny.cuny.edu; nizam89@gmail.com; Mitch.Goldberg@noaa.gov RI Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010 FU National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS) [NA07NES4280009] FX This study is supported by grants from National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS), award NA07NES4280009. The statements contained in this article are not the opinions of the funding agency or the USA government, but reflect the authors' opinions. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 9 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD APR PY 2009 VL 9 IS 4 BP 2968 EP 2975 DI 10.3390/s90402968 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 438BG UT WOS:000265530300048 PM 22574057 ER PT J AU Powell, CJ Conny, JM AF Powell, C. J. Conny, J. M. TI Evaluation of uncertainties in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy intensities associated with different methods and procedures for background subtraction. I. Spectra for monochromatic Al X-ray SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE XPS; peak intensities; background subtraction; Shirley background; Tougaard background; linear background ID QUANTITATIVE AES; PEAK SYNTHESIS; XPS SPECTRA; PHOTOEMISSION; QUANTIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; RESOLUTION; DATABASES AB We report uncertainties in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) intensities arising from commonly used methods and procedures for subtraction of the spectral background. These uncertainties were determined from a comparison of XPS intensities reported by volunteer analysts from 28 institutions and the corresponding intensities expected for a set of simulated XPS spectra. We analyzed peak intensities from 32 sets of data for a group of 12 spectra that had been simulated for a monochromated Al Ka source. Each reported intensity was compared with an expected intensity for the particular integration limits chosen by each analyst and known from the simulation design. We present ratios of the reported intensities to the expected intensities for the background-subtraction methods chosen by the analysts. These ratios were close to unity in most cases, as expected, but deviations were found in the results from some analysts, particularly if the main peak was asymmetrical or if shakeup was present. We showed that better results for the Shirley, Tougaard, and linear backgrounds were obtained when analysts determined peak intensities over certain energy ranges or integration limits. We then were able to recommend integration limits that should be a useful guide in the determination of peak intensities for other XPS spectra. The use of relatively narrow integration limits with the Shirley and linear backgrounds, however, will lead to measures of peak intensities that are less than the total intensities. Although these measures may be satisfactory for some quantitative analyses, errors in quantitative XPS analyses can occur if there are changes in XPS lineshapes or shakeup fractions with change of chemical state. The use of curve-fitting equations to fit an entire spectrum will generally exclude the shakeup contribution to the intensity of the main peak, and no account will be taken of any variation in the shakeup fraction with change of chemical state. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Powell, C. J.; Conny, J. M.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cedric.powell@nist.gov NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 22 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD APR PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 269 EP 294 DI 10.1002/sia.2995 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 422MB UT WOS:000264431100002 ER PT J AU Rolph, GD Draxler, RR Stein, AF Taylor, A Ruminski, MG Kondragunta, S Zeng, J Huang, HC Manikin, G Mcqueen, JT Davidson, PM AF Rolph, Glenn D. Draxler, Roland R. Stein, Ariel F. Taylor, Albion Ruminski, Mark G. Kondragunta, Shobha Zeng, Jian Huang, Ho-Chun Manikin, Geoffrey Mcqueen, Jeffery T. Davidson, Paula M. TI Description and Verification of the NOAA Smoke Forecasting System: The 2007 Fire Season SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL-AMERICAN FIRES; MODELING SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; IMPACT; DISPERSION; POLLUTION AB An overview of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) current operational Smoke Forecasting System (SFS) is presented. This system is intended as guidance to air quality forecasters and the public for fine particulate matter (<= 2.5 mu m) emitted from large wildfires and agricultural burning, which can elevate particulate concentrations to unhealthful levels. The SFS uses National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) Hazard Mapping System (HMS), which is based on satellite imagery, to establish the locations and extents of the fires. The particulate matter emission rate is computed using the emission processing portion of the U. S. Forest Service's BlueSky Framework, which includes a fuel-type database, as well as consumption and emissions models. The Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model is used to calculate the transport, dispersion, and deposition of the emitted particulate matter. The model evaluation is carried out by comparing predicted smoke levels with actual smoke detected from satellites by the HMS and the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Aerosol/Smoke Product. This overlap is expressed as the figure of merit in space (FMS), the intersection over the union of the observed and calculated smoke plumes. Results are presented for the 2007 fire season (September 2006-November 2007). While the highest FMS scores for individual events approach 60%, average values for the 1 and 5 mu g m(-3) contours for the analysis period were 8.3% and 11.6%, respectively. FMS scores for the forecast period were lower by about 25% due, in part, to the inability to forecast new fires. The HMS plumes tend to be smaller than the corresponding predictions during the winter months, suggesting that excessive emissions predicted for the smaller fires resulted in an overprediction in the smoke area. C1 [Rolph, Glenn D.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, R ARL, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Stein, Ariel F.; Taylor, Albion; Zeng, Jian] Earth Resources & Technol, Annapolis, MD USA. [Ruminski, Mark G.; Kondragunta, Shobha] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Huang, Ho-Chun] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Manikin, Geoffrey; Mcqueen, Jeffery T.] NOAA, NWS, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Davidson, Paula M.] NOAA, NWS, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Rolph, GD (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, R ARL, 1315 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM glenn.rolph@noaa.gov RI Stein, Ariel/G-1330-2012; Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014; Rolph, Glenn/P-6860-2015 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198; NR 36 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 BP 361 EP 378 DI 10.1175/2008WAF2222165.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 441RB UT WOS:000265787000001 ER PT J AU Stein, AF Rolph, GD Draxler, RR Stunder, B Ruminski, M AF Stein, Ariel F. Rolph, Glenn D. Draxler, Roland R. Stunder, Barbara Ruminski, Mark TI Verification of the NOAA Smoke Forecasting System: Model Sensitivity to the Injection Height SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID DISPERSION AB A detailed evaluation of NOAA's Smoke Forecasting System (SFS) is a fundamental part of its development and further refinement. In this work, particulate matter with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5-mu m (PM2.5) concentration levels, simulated by the SFS, have been evaluated against satellite and surface measurements. Four multiday forest fire case studies, one covering the continental United States, two in California, and one near the Georgia-Florida border, have been analyzed. The column-integrated PM2.5 concentrations for these cases compared to the satellite measurements showed a similar or better statistical performance than the mean performance of the SFS for the period covering 1 September 2006-1 November 2007. However, near the surface, the model shows a tendency to overpredict the measured PM2.5 concentrations in the western United States and underpredict concentrations for the Georgia-Florida case. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis of the model response to changes in the smoke release height shows that the simulated surface and column-integrated PM2.5 concentrations are very sensitive to variations in this parameter. Indeed, the model capability to represent the measured values is highly dependent on the accuracy of the determination of the actual injection height and in particular to whether the smoke injection actually occurred below or above the planetary boundary layer. C1 [Stein, Ariel F.] Earth Resources & Technol, Annapolis, MD USA. [Ruminski, Mark] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Stein, Ariel F.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, R ARL, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Stein, AF (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, R ARL, 1315 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM ariel.stein@noaa.gov RI Stein, Ariel/G-1330-2012; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014; Rolph, Glenn/P-6860-2015; Stunder, Barbara/C-3106-2016 OI Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198; NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 BP 379 EP 394 DI 10.1175/2008WAF2222166.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 441RB UT WOS:000265787000002 ER PT J AU Rappaport, EN Franklin, JL Avila, LA Baig, SR Beven, JL Blake, ES Burr, CA Jiing, JG Juckins, CA Knabb, RD Landsea, CW Mainelli, M Mayfield, M McAdie, CJ Pasch, RJ Sisko, C Stewart, SR Tribble, AN AF Rappaport, Edward N. Franklin, James L. Avila, Lixion A. Baig, Stephen R. Beven, John L., II Blake, Eric S. Burr, Christopher A. Jiing, Jiann-Gwo Juckins, Christopher A. Knabb, Richard D. Landsea, Christopher W. Mainelli, Michelle Mayfield, Max McAdie, Colin J. Pasch, Richard J. Sisko, Christopher Stewart, Stacy R. Tribble, Ahsha N. TI Advances and Challenges at the National Hurricane Center SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL-CYCLONE INTENSITY; MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; ATLANTIC HURRICANES; GPS DROPWINDSONDE; PREDICTION SYSTEM; CLIMATOLOGY; FORECASTS; SEASON; MODEL; PERFORMANCE AB The National Hurricane Center issues analyses, forecasts, and warnings over large parts of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and in support of many nearby countries. Advances in observational capabilities, operational numerical weather prediction, and forecaster tools and support systems over the past 15-20 yr have enabled the center to make more accurate forecasts, extend forecast lead times, and provide new products and services. Important limitations, however, persist. This paper discusses the current workings and state of the nation's hurricane warning program, and highlights recent improvements and the enabling science and technology. It concludes with a look ahead at opportunities to address challenges. C1 [Rappaport, Edward N.; Franklin, James L.; Avila, Lixion A.; Baig, Stephen R.; Beven, John L., II; Blake, Eric S.; Burr, Christopher A.; Jiing, Jiann-Gwo; Juckins, Christopher A.; Knabb, Richard D.; Landsea, Christopher W.; Mainelli, Michelle; Mayfield, Max; McAdie, Colin J.; Pasch, Richard J.; Sisko, Christopher; Stewart, Stacy R.; Tribble, Ahsha N.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL 33165 USA. RP Rappaport, EN (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Hurricane Ctr, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA. EM edward.n.rappaport@noaa.gov NR 71 TC 136 Z9 139 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 BP 395 EP 419 DI 10.1175/2008WAF2222128.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 441RB UT WOS:000265787000003 ER PT J AU Schumacher, AB DeMaria, M Knaff, JA AF Schumacher, Andrea B. DeMaria, Mark Knaff, John A. TI Objective Estimation of the 24-h Probability of Tropical Cyclone Formation SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SCALE INFLUENCES; NORTH PACIFIC; HOT TOWERS; CYCLOGENESIS; ATLANTIC; OSCILLATION; HURRICANES; DYNAMICS; GENESIS; SYSTEMS AB A new product for estimating the 24-h probability of TC formation in individual 5 degrees x 5 degrees subregions of the North Atlantic, eastern North Pacific, and western North Pacific tropical basins is developed. This product uses environmental and convective parameters computed from best-track tropical cyclone (TC) positions, National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecasting System (GFS) analysis fields, and water vapor (similar to 6.7 mu m wavelength) imagery from multiple geostationary satellite platforms. The parameters are used in a two-step algorithm applied to the developmental dataset. First, a screening step removes all data points with environmental conditions highly unfavorable to TC formation. Then, a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is applied to the screened dataset. A probabilistic prediction scheme for TC formation is developed from the results of the LDA. Coefficients computed by the LDA show that the largest contributors to TC formation probability are climatology, 850-hPa circulation, and distance to an existing TC. The product was evaluated by its Brier and relative operating characteristic skill scores and reliability diagrams. These measures show that the algorithm-generated probabilistic forecasts are skillful with respect to climatology, and that there is relatively good agreement between forecast probabilities and observed frequencies. As such, this prediction scheme has been implemented as an operational product called the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Services (NESDIS) Tropical Cyclone Formation Probability (TCFP) product. The TCFP product updates every 6 h and displays plots of TC formation probability and input parameter values on its Web site. At present, the TCFP provides real-time, objective TC formation guidance used by tropical cyclone forecast offices in the Atlantic, eastern Pacific, and western Pacific basins. C1 [Schumacher, Andrea B.] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [DeMaria, Mark; Knaff, John A.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Schumacher, AB (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Foothills Campus Delivery 1375, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM schumacher@cira.colostate.edu RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; NR 48 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 BP 456 EP 471 DI 10.1175/2008WAF2007109.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 441RB UT WOS:000265787000006 ER PT J AU Ruth, DP Glahn, B Dagostaro, V Gilbert, K AF Ruth, David P. Glahn, Bob Dagostaro, Valery Gilbert, Kathryn TI The Performance of MOS in the Digital Age SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB Model output statistics (MOS) guidance forecasts have been produced for over three decades. Until recently, MOS guidance was prepared for observing stations and formatted in text bulletins while official National Weather Service (NWS) forecasts for stations and zones were prepared by forecasters typing text. The flagship product of today's NWS is the National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD). In support of NDFD, MOS is now also produced on grids. This paper compares MOS and gridded MOS (GMOS) to the forecaster-produced NDFD at approximately 1200 station locations in the conterminous United States. Results indicate that GMOS should provide good guidance for preparing the NDFD. In those areas of the country where station observations well represent the grid, GMOS features accuracy comparable to that of NDFD. In areas of complex terrain not well represented by station observations, GMOS appears similar to NDFD in its depiction. A new score is introduced to measure convergence from a long-range forecast to the final short-range forecast. This shows good GMOS forecast continuity when compared to station MOS and NDFD. C1 [Ruth, David P.; Glahn, Bob; Dagostaro, Valery; Gilbert, Kathryn] NOAA, Meteorol Dev Lab, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Ruth, DP (reprint author), NOAA, Meteorol Dev Lab, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Weather Serv, 1325 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM david.ruth@noaa.gov NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 BP 504 EP 519 DI 10.1175/2008WAF2222158.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 441RB UT WOS:000265787000009 ER PT J AU Glahn, B Gilbert, K Cosgrove, R Ruth, DP Sheets, K AF Glahn, Bob Gilbert, Kathryn Cosgrove, Rebecca Ruth, David P. Sheets, Kari TI The Gridding of MOS SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB Model output statistics (MOS) guidance forecasts have been produced at stations and provided to National Weather Service forecasters and private entities for over three decades. As the numerical weather prediction models became more accurate, MOS followed that trend. Up until a few years ago, the MOS produced at observation locations met the basic need for guidance. With the advent of the Interactive Forecast Preparation System and the National Digital Forecast Database, gridded MOS forecasts became needed as guidance for forecasters. One method of providing such grids is to objectively analyze the MOS forecasts for points. A basic successive correction method has been extended to analyze MOS forecasts and surface weather variables. This method is being applied to MOS forecasts to provide guidance for producing grids of sensible weather elements such as temperature, clouds, and snow amount. Guidance forecasts have been implemented for the conterminous United States for most weather elements contained in routine weather forecasts. This paper describes the method applied to daytime maximum temperature over the conterminous United States and gives example results. C1 [Glahn, Bob; Gilbert, Kathryn; Cosgrove, Rebecca; Ruth, David P.; Sheets, Kari] NOAA, Meteorol Dev Lab, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Glahn, B (reprint author), NOAA, Meteorol Dev Lab, Natl Weather Serv, 1325 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM harry.glahn@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 BP 520 EP 529 DI 10.1175/2008WAF2007080.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 441RB UT WOS:000265787000010 ER PT J AU Wandishin, MS Mullen, SJ AF Wandishin, Matthew S. Mullen, Steven J. TI Multiclass ROC Analysis SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS; N-CLASS CLASSIFICATION; FORCED-CHOICE TASKS; FORECAST VERIFICATION; SIGNAL DETECTABILITY; IDEAL OBSERVERS; SKILL; AREA; FRAMEWORK; CURVE AB Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves have become a common analysis tool for evaluating forecast discrimination: the ability of a forecast system to distinguish between events and nonevents. As is implicit in that statement, application of the ROC curve is limited to forecasts involving only two possible outcomes, such as rain and no rain. However, many forecast scenarios exist for which there are multiple possible outcomes, such as rain, snow, and freezing rain. An extension of the ROC curve to multiclass forecast problems is explored. The full extension involves high-dimensional hypersurfaces that cannot be visualized and that present other problems. Therefore, several different approximations to the full extension are introduced using both artificial and actual forecast datasets. These approximations range from sets of simple two-class ROC curves to sets of three-dimensional ROC surfaces. No single approximation is superior for all forecast problems; thus, the specific aims in evaluating the forecast must be considered. C1 [Wandishin, Matthew S.; Mullen, Steven J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Wandishin, MS (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, NSSL, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73022 USA. EM matt.wandishin@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0432232] FX We thank Vit Drga for pointing us to several additional references and Harold Brooks for many helpful discussions. This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant ATM-0432232. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 BP 530 EP 547 DI 10.1175/2008WAF2222119.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 441RB UT WOS:000265787000011 ER PT J AU Auster, PJ Godfrey, J Watson, A Paquette, A McFall, G AF Auster, Peter J. Godfrey, Jeff Watson, Anya Paquette, Amy McFall, Greg TI Behavior of prey links midwater and demersal piscivorous reef fishes SO NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Habitat; Reefs; Live bottom; Prey density ID SOUTH-ATLANTIC BIGHT; COMMUNITIES; PREDATORS AB Pelagic and demersal guilds of piscivorous fishes are linked by a variety of biological and physical processes that mediate interactions with common prey species. Understanding the behaviors of predators and prey can provide insight into the conditions that make such linkages possible. Here we report on the behaviors of mid-water piscivorous fishes and the responses of prey that produce feeding opportunities for demersal piscivorous fishes associated with "live bottom" ledge habitats off the coast of Georgia (northwest Atlantic Ocean). Prey taxa reduced nearest neighbor distances and retreated towards the seafloor during predatory attacks by mid-water fishes. Demersal fishes subsequently attacked and consumed prey in these ephemeral high density patches. No predation by demersal fishes was observed when prey species were at background densities. If the predator-prey interactions of demersal piscivorous fishes are commonly mediated by the predatory behavior of midwater piscivorous fishes and their prey, such indirect facilitative behaviors may be important in terms of the population processes (e.g., prey consumption and growth rates) of these demersal fishes. C1 [Auster, Peter J.; Godfrey, Jeff; Watson, Anya; Paquette, Amy] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Auster, Peter J.; Godfrey, Jeff; Watson, Anya; Paquette, Amy] Univ Connecticut, Natl Undersea Res Ctr, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [McFall, Greg] Grays Reef Natl Marine Sanctuary, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. RP Auster, PJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM peter.auster@uconn.edu FU Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary; University of Connecticut Research Foundation FX The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary and the University of Connecticut Research Foundation provided funds for this field project. Captain Todd Recicar and Sarah Fangman provided expert diving support on the RV Joe Ferguson. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of NOAA, the University of Connecticut, or their sub-agencies. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC BRASILEIRA ICTIOLOGIA PI SAO PAULO PA UNIV SAO PAULO, DEPT FISIOLOGIA-IB, RUA DO MATAO, TRAVESSA 14 N 321, SAO PAULO, SP 05508-900, BRAZIL SN 1679-6225 J9 NEOTROP ICHTHYOL JI Neotrop. Ichthyol. PD MAR 31 PY 2009 VL 7 IS 1 BP 109 EP 112 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 434PI UT WOS:000265286200014 ER PT J AU DelRio, FW Jaye, C Fischer, DA Cook, RF AF DelRio, Frank W. Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Cook, Robert F. TI Elastic and adhesive properties of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers on gold SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE adhesion; atomic force microscopy; elastic moduli; gold; monolayers; organic compounds; self-assembly; surface structure; XANES ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT MONOLAYERS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS; AU(111); FILMS; SURFACE; DEPENDENCE AB Elastic and adhesive properties of alkanethiol [CH(3)(CH(2))(n-1)SH] self-assembled monolayers on gold are investigated by atomic force microscopy and correlated with surface structure via near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. As the chain length n decreases from 18 to 5, the elastic modulus of the monolayer film, E(film), decreases from 1.0 to 0.15 GPa and the work of adhesion, w, increases from 82.8 to 168.3 mJ m(-2). The E(film) and w trends are interpreted in terms of the dichroic ratios, R(I), which reveal distinct changes in chain orientation, order, and coverage over the range of n. C1 [DelRio, Frank W.; Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.; Cook, Robert F.] NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP DelRio, FW (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM frank.delrio@nist.gov NR 34 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 30 PY 2009 VL 94 IS 13 AR 131909 DI 10.1063/1.3111440 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 428YR UT WOS:000264888500020 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Voss, KJ AF Zhang, Hao Voss, Kenneth J. TI Bidirectional reflectance and polarization measurements on packed surfaces of benthic sediments and spherical particles SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID COHERENT BACKSCATTER; PLANETARY REGOLITHS; PARTICULATE LAYERS; OPPOSITION; MODELS; MEDIA; DRY AB Laboratory bidirectional reflectance and polarization measurements were carried out on packed layers of both natural sediments and manufactured spherical particles. The results indicate that among the natural sediments showing a strong backscattering peak ("hotspot"), the rough platelets are the only sediments with a branch of negative polarization. Measurements of circular and linear polarization ratios indicate that both smooth ooids and rough platelets are strongly depolarizing. Measurements of perfect spherical grains show both negative polarization and strong backscattering as a remnant of the single scattering process. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Zhang, Hao; Voss, Kenneth J.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 102, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Hao.Zhang@NOAA.GOV RI Voss, Kenneth /A-5328-2013; Zhang, Hao/C-1704-2009 OI Voss, Kenneth /0000-0002-7860-5080; Zhang, Hao/0000-0003-2902-1887 FU Office of Naval Research Ocean Optics Program FX We are indebted to the late Albert Chapin for help in instrumentation and measurement. We also thank the constructive comments and some clarifications by the anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research Ocean Optics Program. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 30 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 7 BP 5217 EP 5231 DI 10.1364/OE.17.005217 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 426ZM UT WOS:000264747500035 PM 19333285 ER PT J AU Martin, JW Moffitt, RB Mclaughlin, PA AF Martin, Joel W. Moffitt, Robert B. Mclaughlin, Patsy A. TI Additions to the decapod crustacean fauna of the Hawaiian Islands, II. First record of the unusual hermit crab genera Porcellanopagurus Filhol, 1885, and Solitariopagurus Turkay, 1986 (Decapoda, Anomura, Paguridae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Hawaii; hermit crabs; Porcellanopagurus; Solitariopagurus ID CARCINIZATION; MORPHOLOGY; FICTION; FACT AB The rare and unusual deep water hermit crab genera Porcellanopagurus Filhol and Solitariopagurus Turkay are reported for the first time from Hawaiian waters. Each genus is represented by a single specimen collected from Penguin Banks, off the southwest coast of Moloka'i, Hawaii. The specimen of Porcellanopagurus is identified as P. platei, a species that has not been reported since its original description in 1902 based on specimens from the Juan Fernandez Islands off southern Chile. Therefore, the record is a major range extension for the species. The specimen of P. platei from Hawaii is an ovigerous female found inhabiting a fissurellid limpet shell; the species is redescribed based on type material. The specimen of Solitariopagurus, S. tuerkayi, was found carrying (inhabiting) one half of a bivalve mollusk shell (the lucinid Ctena bella), the first confirmation of this habitat for the species. A second specimen, photographed but now missing, was associated with a different species of bivalve (a mytilid). In addition to being new records of these genera for the Hawaiian Islands, the report also marks the first record of the genus Porcellanopagurus from the central Pacific and only the second record of the genus Solitariopagurus in the northern hemisphere. C1 [Martin, Joel W.] Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles County, Res & Collect Branch, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. [Moffitt, Robert B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Mclaughlin, Patsy A.] Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Ctr, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA. RP Martin, JW (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles County, Res & Collect Branch, 900 Exposit Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. EM jmartin@nhm.org; Robert.Moffitt@noaa.gov; hermit@fidalgo.net NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAR 30 PY 2009 IS 2057 BP 53 EP 62 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 425ZZ UT WOS:000264678400003 ER PT J AU Zhao, Y Hashimoto, T Douglas, JF AF Zhao, Yue Hashimoto, Takeji Douglas, Jack F. TI Frustrating the lamellar ordering transition of polystyrene-block-polyisoprene with a C-60 additive SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE fullerenes; nanocomposites; nanoparticles; neutron diffraction; order-disorder transformations; polymer blends; X-ray diffraction ID 1ST-ORDER PHASE-TRANSITIONS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; MICROPHASE SEPARATION; DISORDER TRANSITION; TRICRITICAL BEHAVIOR; QUENCHED DISORDER; POLYMER; FULLERENE; TEMPERATURE; COMPOSITES AB Thermal fluctuations in block copolymer (BCP) materials characteristically drive the ordering phase transition order from second to first order by the well known Brazovskii mechanism and there have been many observations of jumps in x-ray and neutron scattering intensity data at the order-disorder transition (ODT) that signal this phenomenon. However, the existence of quenched disorder can either destroy the ODT or restore the second-order nature of this type of phase transition. The present work considers how the dispersion of C-60 ("buckyballs"), which is prone to clustering in polymeric media, into poly(styrene)-block-poly(isoprene) to see how this nanoparticle additive alters the qualitative character of the BCP ordering. Small angle x-ray scattering indicates that a small amount (approximate to 1 mass %) of C-60 causes the BCP to remain disordered over a wide temperature range so that a phase transition no longer exists. This phenomenon offers both technological problems and opportunities. C1 [Zhao, Yue; Hashimoto, Takeji] JAEA, ASRC, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Zhao, Yue; Hashimoto, Takeji] Kyoto Univ, Dept Polymer Chem, Grad Sch Engn, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhao, Y (reprint author), JAEA, ASRC, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM zhao.yue@jaea.go.jp; hashimoto@alloy.polym.kyoto-u.ac.jp; jack.douglas@nist.gov NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2009 VL 130 IS 12 AR 124901 DI 10.1063/1.3089667 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 427JI UT WOS:000264775200085 PM 19334883 ER PT J AU Chang, YL Wu, CR Oey, LY AF Chang, Yu-Lin Wu, Chau-Ron Oey, Lie-Yauw TI Bimodal behavior of the seasonal upwelling off the northeastern coast of Taiwan SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID KUROSHIO; TRANSPORT AB Observations over the outer shelf and shelf break off the northeastern coast of Taiwan indicate a curious seasonal variability of upwelling. At deeper levels 100 m below the surface, upwelling is most intense in summer but weaker in winter. Nearer the surface at approximately 30 m below the surface, the opposite is true and the upwelling is stronger in winter than in summer. Results from a high-resolution numerical model together with observations and simple Ekman models are used to explain the phenomenon. It is shown that the upwelling at deeper levels (similar to 100 m) is primarily induced by offshore (summer) and onshore (winter) migrations of the Kuroshio, while monsoonal change in the wind stress curl, positive in winter and negative in summer, is responsible for the reversal in the seasonal variation of the upwelling near the surface (similar to 30 m). This mechanism reconciles previous upwelling data. C1 [Chang, Yu-Lin; Wu, Chau-Ron] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Taipei 11677, Taiwan. [Wu, Chau-Ron; Oey, Lie-Yauw] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08550 USA. RP Chang, YL (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 88 Sect 4 Ting Chou Rd, Taipei 11677, Taiwan. EM cwu@ntnu.edu.tw FU National Science Council, Taiwan [NSC 95-2611-M-003-001-MY3, NSC 97-2628-M-008-001] FX The authors would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their careful review of the manuscript and detailed suggestions to improve the manuscript. Gracious thanks are extended to K.-K. Liu at National Central University and H.-F. Lu for useful discussions. Author C. R. W. was supported by the National Science Council, Taiwan, under grants NSC 95-2611-M-003-001-MY3 and NSC 97-2628-M-008-001. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 28 PY 2009 VL 114 AR C03027 DI 10.1029/2008JC005131 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 426CQ UT WOS:000264685700002 ER PT J AU Benkstein, KD Raman, B Lahr, DL Bonevich, JE Semancik, S AF Benkstein, K. D. Raman, B. Lahr, D. L. Bonevich, J. E. Semancik, S. TI Inducing analytical orthogonality in tungsten oxide-based microsensors using materials structure and dynamic temperature control SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE Chemiresistor; Microhotplate; Nanowire; Nanoparticle ID CHEMICAL SENSORS; GAS SENSORS; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; MICROHOTPLATE PLATFORMS; SNO2 NANOWIRE; THIN-FILMS; METAL; FABRICATION; NANOFIBERS; MORPHOLOGY AB The influence of material Structure and dimension on the chemical sensing performance was investigated as a function of sensor operating temperature. Polycrystalline tungsten oxides (WO(3)) were prepared both as nanowires of different diameters (d approximate to 100 nm, 175 non; l = 4-5 mu m) using a template-directed electrodeposition process, and as a continuous film through thermal decomposition of peroxytungstate solution. The WO(3) materials were integrated with microscale conductometric platforms featuring millisecond dynamic temperature control up to 500,C. The nanowires and film were assessed for efficacy as transducers in gas-phase chemical sensors using these platforms, both in a fixed-temperature operating mode and in a dynamic pulsed-temperature operating mode. Statistical analysis of the tungsten oxide chemiresistor responses to analytes at varied operating temperatures revealed that orthogonal information can be obtained from stoichiometrically similar materials; the differences were exaggerated by probing the sensor responses with different dynamic temperature programs. We conclude that nanowire sensors yield non-redundant analytical information with respect to their complementary film-based sensor. These results demonstrate that as sensors move to nanoscale Structures, unique interactions will differentiate the materials and the devices' performance from their microscale counterparts. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Benkstein, K. D.; Raman, B.; Lahr, D. L.; Semancik, S.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Raman, B.] NICHHD, Lab Cellular & Synapt Neurophysiol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Bonevich, J. E.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Benkstein, KD (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kurt.benkstein@nist.gov OI Lahr, David/0000-0001-6283-0286 FU NIH-NIST; NIST; National Research Council FX We acknowledge the technical assistance of C. B. Montgomery in preparing the microhotplate sensor platforms. We also thank Professor T. E. Mallouk, R. M. Hernandez and Y. Cao, and Professor K. J. Stevenson for useful discussions on nanowire and WO3 electrodeposition. BR was supported by a NIH-NIST joint Postdoctoral Associateship Award and DILL was supported by a NIST Postdoctoral Associateship Award, both administered through the National Research Council. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD MAR 28 PY 2009 VL 137 IS 1 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2008.10.029 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 420ZA UT WOS:000264326500009 ER PT J AU Reale, O Lau, WK Susskind, J Brin, E Liu, E Riishojgaard, LP Fuentes, M Rosenberg, R AF Reale, O. Lau, W. K. Susskind, J. Brin, E. Liu, E. Riishojgaard, L. P. Fuentes, M. Rosenberg, R. TI AIRS impact on the analysis and forecast track of tropical cyclone Nargis in a global data assimilation and forecasting system SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Tropical cyclones in the northern Indian Ocean pose serious challenges to operational weather forecasting systems, partly due to their shorter lifespan and more erratic track, compared to those in the Atlantic and the Pacific. Moreover, the automated analyses of cyclones over the northern Indian Ocean, produced by operational global data assimilation systems (DASs), are generally of inferior quality than in other basins, partly because of asymmetric data distribution and the absence of targeted observations inside cyclones. In this work it is shown that the assimilation of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) temperature retrievals under partial cloudy conditions can significantly impact the representation of the cyclone Nargis (which caused devastating loss of life in Myanmar in May 2008) in a global DAS. Forecasts produced from these improved analyses by a global model produce substantially smaller track errors. The impact of the assimilation of clear-sky radiances on the same DAS and forecasting system is positive, but smaller than the one obtained by ingestion of AIRS retrievals, probably due to poorer coverage. Citation: Reale, O., W. K. Lau, J. Susskind, E. Brin, E. Liu, L. P. Riishojgaard, M. Fuentes, and R. Rosenberg (2009), AIRS impact on the analysis and forecast track of tropical cyclone Nargis in a global data assimilation and forecasting system, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L06812, doi: 10.1029/2008GL037122. C1 [Reale, O.; Lau, W. K.; Susskind, J.; Fuentes, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Brin, E.; Rosenberg, R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Software Integrat & Visualizat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Reale, O.; Riishojgaard, L. P.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Brin, E.; Liu, E.; Rosenberg, R.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD USA. [Liu, E.; Riishojgaard, L. P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Riishojgaard, L. P.] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Fuentes, M.] Howard Univ, Program Atmospher Sci, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Reale, O (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Code 613, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM oreste.reale-1@nasa.gov RI Lau, William /E-1510-2012 OI Lau, William /0000-0002-3587-3691 FU NASA [MAP/04-0180-0070] FX The authors thank Don Anderson for support through grant MAP/04-0180-0070 and acknowledge use of NASA High-End Computing systems. Thanks are due to Bo-Wen Shen for helpful comments. NR 15 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 27 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L06812 DI 10.1029/2008GL037122 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 426AG UT WOS:000264679200003 ER PT J AU Gallagher, DT Smith, N Kim, SK Robinson, H Reddy, PT AF Gallagher, D. Travis Smith, Natasha Kim, Sook-Kyung Robinson, Howard Reddy, Prasad T. TI Profound Asymmetry in the Structure of the cAMP-free cAMP Receptor Protein (CRP) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ADENYLYL CYCLASES; FAMILY; REGULATOR AB The cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP, also called catabolite gene activator protein or CAP) plays a key role in metabolic regulation in bacteria and has become a widely studied model allosteric transcription factor. On binding its effector cAMP in the N-terminal domain, CRP undergoes a structural transition to a conformation capable of specific DNA binding in the C-terminal domain and transcription initiation. The crystal structures of Escherichia coli CRP (EcCRP) in the cAMP-bound state, both with and without DNA, are known, although its structure in the off state (cAMP-free, apoCRP) remains unknown. We describe the crystal structure at 2.0 angstrom resolution of the cAMP-free CRP homodimer from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)R(v) (MtbCRP), whose sequence is 30% identical with EcCRP, as the first reported structure of an off-state CRP. The overall structure is similar to that seen for the cAMP- bound EcCRP, but the apo MtbCRP homodimer displays a unique level of asymmetry, with a root mean square deviation of 3.5 angstrom between all C alpha positions in the two subunits. Unlike structures of on-state EcCRP and other homologs in which the C-domains are asymmetrically positioned but possess the same internal conformation, the two C-domains of apo MtbCRP differ both in hinge structure and in internal arrangement, with numerous residues that have completely different local environments and hydrogen bond interactions, especially in the hinge and DNA-binding regions. Comparison of the structures of apo MtbCRP and DNA-bound EcCRP shows how DNA binding would be inhibited in the absence of cAMP and supports a mechanism involving functional asymmetry in apoCRP. C1 [Gallagher, D. Travis; Smith, Natasha; Reddy, Prasad T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biol Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Sook-Kyung] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Div Metrol Qual Life, Ctr Bioanal, Taejon 305340, South Korea. [Robinson, Howard] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gallagher, DT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biol Sci, 100 Bur Rd,NIST Mailstop 8310, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gallaghe@umbi.umd.edu FU U. S. Department of Energy; National Institutes of Health; Northeast Collaborative Access Team (NECAT) FX We gratefully acknowledge the gift of M. tuberculosis H37Rv chromosomal DNA from Drs. John Belisle and Patrick Brennan, Colorado State University, the technical and logistical support of Darwin Diaz and Dawn Rode, the support of the U. S. Department of Energy (Biological and Environmental Research) and the National Institutes of Health (National Center for Research Resources) for data collected at NSLS beamline X29, and the support of the Northeast Collaborative Access Team (NECAT) at Argonne National Laboratories Advanced Photon Source. NR 27 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAR 27 PY 2009 VL 284 IS 13 BP 8228 EP 8232 DI 10.1074/jbc.C800215200 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 421ZW UT WOS:000264397800005 PM 19193643 ER PT J AU Liu, XM Wang, MH Shi, W AF Liu, Xiaoming Wang, Menghua Shi, Wei TI A study of a Hurricane Katrina-induced phytoplankton bloom using satellite observations and model simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID OCEAN CURRENT RESPONSE; SOUTHERN STRAITS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; FLORIDA; PERTURBATIONS; TORTUGAS; GILBERT; HYCOM; GULF; WAKE AB Satellite observations of sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a concentration from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Aqua revealed a phytoplankton bloom event in the vicinity of the Loop Current (LC) in the Gulf of Mexico after Hurricane Katrina's passage in August 2005. The sea surface height (SSH) anomaly data derived from satellite altimetry measurements indicated that the phytoplankton bloom coincided with a LC frontal eddy and thus suggested that the cold-core eddy may have played a critical role in the phytoplankton bloom event. Using the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), we have carried out numerical simulations to understand the mechanism that triggers the phytoplankton bloom after Katrina passage. The model study shows that the preexisting cold-core eddy strengthens the upper ocean dynamics and nutrient responses with significant increase of nutrient concentration after the passage of Hurricane Katrina, because of the uplift of nutrient fields within the cold-core eddy. The Hurricane Katrina-triggered phytoplankton bloom is attributed to the preexisting cold eddy as well as the slowly passing hurricane. The nutrient distribution after Hurricane Katrina indicates that the increase of nitrate concentration plays a dominant role in the development of the phytoplankton bloom. C1 [Liu, Xiaoming; Wang, Menghua; Shi, Wei] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Liu, Xiaoming] SP Syst Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Shi, Wei] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Liu, XM (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, E RA3,Room 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM menghua.wang@noaa.gov RI Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010; Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Liu, Xiaoming/F-5571-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; FU NASA; NOAA FX This research was supported by NASA (Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program) and NOAA funding and grants. MODIS Aqua SST and chlorophyll-a concentration data were acquired from the NASA/GSFC ocean color data archive. SSH data were provided and remapped from Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research (CCAR). AMSR-E data are produced by Remote Sensing Systems and sponsored by the NASA Earth Science REASON DISCOVER project and the AMSR-E science team. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U. S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 36 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 27 PY 2009 VL 114 AR C03023 DI 10.1029/2008JC004934 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 426CO UT WOS:000264685500001 ER PT J AU Cao, H Gehring, PM Devreugd, CP Rodriguez-Rivera, JA Li, J Viehland, D AF Cao, H. Gehring, P. M. Devreugd, C. P. Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A. Li, J. Viehland, D. TI Role of Nanoscale Precipitates on the Enhanced Magnetostriction of Heat-Treated Galfenol (Fe1-xGax) Alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FE-GA; MAGNETOELASTICITY AB We report neutron diffuse scattering measurements on highly magnetostrictive Fe1-xGax alloys (0.14 < x < 0.20) with different thermal treatments. This diffuse scattering scales with magnetostriction and exhibits asymmetric peaks at the (100) and (300) reciprocal lattice positions that are consistent with the coexistence of short-range ordered, coherent nanometer-scale precipitates embedded in a long-range ordered, body-centered cubic matrix. A large peak splitting is observed at (300) for x=0.19, which indicates that the nanoprecipitates are not cubic and have a large elastic strain. This implies a structural origin for the enhanced magnetostriction. C1 [Cao, H.; Devreugd, C. P.; Li, J.; Viehland, D.] Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Gehring, P. M.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cao, H (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Christopher, DeVreugd/B-8968-2009; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/A-4872-2013; OI Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-8633-8314; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-0530, N00014-06-1-0204] FX This research was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research under Grants No. MURI N00014-06-1-0530 and No. N00014-06-1-0204. The authors are grateful to Armen Khachaturyan and Sy Moss for insightful discussions. NR 14 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 27 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 12 AR 127201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.127201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 425JF UT WOS:000264632100061 PM 19392316 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Jung, S Maxwell, SE Turner, LD Tiesinga, E Lett, PD AF Liu, Y. Jung, S. Maxwell, S. E. Turner, L. D. Tiesinga, E. Lett, P. D. TI Quantum Phase Transitions and Continuous Observation of Spinor Dynamics in an Antiferromagnetic Condensate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROUND-STATE; BOSE AB Condensates of spin-1 sodium display rich spin dynamics due to the antiferromagnetic nature of the interactions in this system. We use Faraday rotation spectroscopy to make a continuous and minimally destructive measurement of the dynamics over multiple spin oscillations on a single evolving condensate. This method provides a sharp signature to locate a magnetically tuned separatrix in phase space which depends on the net magnetization. We also observe a phase transition from a two- to a three-component condensate at a low but finite temperature using a Stern-Gerlach imaging technique. This transition should be preserved as a zero-temperature quantum phase transition. C1 [Liu, Y.; Jung, S.; Maxwell, S. E.; Tiesinga, E.; Lett, P. D.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Y.; Jung, S.; Maxwell, S. E.; Tiesinga, E.; Lett, P. D.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Turner, L. D.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yingmei.liu@nist.gov; paul.lett@nist.gov RI Turner, Lincoln/D-5066-2014 OI Turner, Lincoln/0000-0003-0551-5583 FU ONR; NIST/NRC FX We thank W. D. Phillips, J. V. Porto, and E. Gomez for insightful discussions and ONR for financial support. S. M. thanks the NIST/NRC postdoctoral program. NR 23 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 27 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 12 AR 125301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.125301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 425JF UT WOS:000264632100036 ER PT J AU Makris, NC Ratilal, P Jagannathan, S Gong, Z Andrews, M Bertsatos, I Godo, OR Nero, RW Jech, JM AF Makris, Nicholas C. Ratilal, Purnima Jagannathan, Srinivasan Gong, Zheng Andrews, Mark Bertsatos, Ioannis Godo, Olav Rune Nero, Redwood W. Jech, J. Michael TI Critical Population Density Triggers Rapid Formation of Vast Oceanic Fish Shoals SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; FISHERIES ACOUSTICS; BEHAVIOR; SCHOOLS; DYNAMICS; COMPLEX; GULF AB Similarities in the behavior of diverse animal species that form large groups have motivated attempts to establish general principles governing animal group behavior. It has been difficult, however, to make quantitative measurements of the temporal and spatial behavior of extensive animal groups in the wild, such as bird flocks, fish shoals, and locust swarms. By quantifying the formation processes of vast oceanic fish shoals during spawning, we show that (i) a rapid transition from disordered to highly synchronized behavior occurs as population density reaches a critical value; (ii) organized group migration occurs after this transition; and (iii) small sets of leaders significantly influence the actions of much larger groups. Each of these findings confirms general theoretical predictions believed to apply in nature irrespective of animal species. C1 [Makris, Nicholas C.; Jagannathan, Srinivasan; Bertsatos, Ioannis] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Ratilal, Purnima; Gong, Zheng; Andrews, Mark] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Godo, Olav Rune] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Nero, Redwood W.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. [Jech, J. Michael] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Makris, NC (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM makris@mit.edu RI Gong, Zheng/K-5808-2012; OI Godo, Olav Rune/0000-0001-8826-8068 FU National Oceanographic Partnership Program; Office of Naval Research; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation FX This research was supported by the National Oceanographic Partnership Program, the Office of Naval Research, and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and is a contribution to the Census of Marine Life. We would like to thank the science parties, officers, and crew of the research vessels Oceanus, Endeavor, Delaware II, and Hugh Sharp NR 33 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 36 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 27 PY 2009 VL 323 IS 5922 BP 1734 EP 1737 DI 10.1126/science.1169441 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 424IG UT WOS:000264559800041 PM 19325116 ER PT J AU To, TT Heilweil, EJ Duke, CB Ruddick, KR Webster, CE Burkey, TJ AF To, Tung T. Heilweil, Edwin J. Duke, Charles B., III Ruddick, Kristie R. Webster, Charles Edwin Burkey, Theodore J. TI Development of Ultrafast Photochromic Organometallics and Photoinduced Linkage Isomerization of Arene Chromium Carbonyl Derivatives SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MANGANESE TRICARBONYL DERIVATIVES; FEMTOSECOND TRANSIENT ABSORPTION; OCTAHEDRAL METAL-CARBONYLS; CHELATION DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; INFRARED-ABSORPTION; PENDANT SULFIDES; COMPLEXES; PHOTOSUBSTITUTION; PHOTOCHEMISTRY AB We review recent studies of processes relevant to photoinduced linkage isomerization of organometallic systems with the goal of preparing organometallics with an efficient and ultrafast photochromic response. The organometallic system thus corresponds to two linkage isomers with different electronic environments that are responsible for different optical properties. Much of this work has focused on examining processes following irradiation of cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl derivatives (compounds 3-21) including solvent coordination, thermal relaxation, solvent displacement by tethered functional groups (chelation), dissociation of tethered functional groups, and linkage isomerization. A new platform is investigated for obtaining a photochromic response in new experiments with arene chromium dicarbonyl complexes. A photochromic response is observed for arene chromium dicarbonyl complexes with tethered pyridine and olefin functional groups based on light-driven linkage isomerization on the nanosecond time scale. Irradiation at 532 nm of 23 ([Cr{eta(6)-C(6)H(5)CH(2-Py-kN)CH(2)CH=CH(2)} (CO)(2)]) (Py = pyridine) results in the isomerization to 22 ([Cr{eta(6)-C(6)H(5)CH(2-Py)CH(2)-eta(2)-CH=CH(2))(CO)(2)]), and 355 nm irradiation isomerizes 22 to 23. The ultrafast linkage isomerization has been investigated at room temperature in n-heptane solution on the picosecond to microsecond time scale with UV- or visible-pump and IR-probe transient absorption spectroscopy by comparing the dynamics with model compounds containing only a tethered pyridine. Irradiation of 24 ([Cr{eta(6)-C(6)H(5)(CH(2))(3)(2-Py)}(CO)(3)]) and 25 ([Cr{eta(6)-C(6)H(5)(CH(2))(2)(2-Py)}(CO)(3)]) at 289 nm induces CO loss to immediately yield a Cr-heptane solvent coordinated intermediate of the unsaturated Cr fragment, which then converts to the KN(1)-pyridine chelate within 200 and 100 ns, respectively. Irradiation of 26 ([Cr{eta(6)-C(6)H(5)CH(2)(2-Py)}(CO)(3)]) also induces CO loss to immediately yield three species: the Cr-heptane solvent coordinated intermediate, a kN(1)-Py nitrogen chelate, and an agostic eta(2)-chelate in which the pyridine is coordinated to the metal center via a C-H agostic bond as opposed to the nitrogen lone pair. Both the transient Cr-heptane coordinated intermediate and the agostic pyridine chelate convert to the stable kN(1)-pyridine chelate within 50 ns. Similar reaction dynamics and transient species are observed for the chelate 33 ([Cr{eta(6)-C(6)H(5)CH(2)(2-Py)-kN}(CO)(2)]) where a Cr-Py bond, not a Cr-CO bond, initially cleaves. C1 [To, Tung T.; Heilweil, Edwin J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Duke, Charles B., III; Ruddick, Kristie R.; Webster, Charles Edwin; Burkey, Theodore J.] Univ Memphis, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Heilweil, EJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edwin.heilweil@nist.gov; cewebstr@memphis.edu; tburkey@memphis.edu OI Webster, Charles Edwin/0000-0002-6917-2957 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0227475]; NIST Scientific, Technical, and Research Services funding; University of Memphis High-Performance Computing Facility; Conoco Phillips, Inc. FX This work was partly supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CHE-0227475 (T.J.B.), internal NIST Scientific, Technical, and Research Services funding (C.B.D., T.T.T., and E.J.H.), and the University of Memphis High-Performance Computing Facility. Computational work was performed on resources at the University of Memphis High-Performance Computing Facility and Computational Research On Materials Institute at the University of Memphis (CROMIUM). Stipend support for K.R.R. was provided by a contract with Conoco Phillips, Inc. (C.E.W.). NR 62 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 26 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 12 BP 2666 EP 2676 DI 10.1021/jp8068909 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 421HA UT WOS:000264348800003 PM 19231828 ER PT J AU Zhao, YL Meot-Ner, M Gonzalez, C AF Zhao, Yi-Lei Meot-Ner, Michael (Mautner) Gonzalez, Carlos TI Ionic Hydrogen-Bond Networks and Ion Solvation. 1. An Efficient Monte Carlo/Quantum Mechanical Method for Structural Search and Energy Computations: Ammonium/Water SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL-THEORY; HYDRATION FREE-ENERGY; VIBRATIONAL CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; EXPLICIT WATER-MOLECULES; FORCE-FIELD; AB-INITIO; L-ALANINE; GAS-PHASE AB Hydrogen-bond networks about solvated ions can form many alternative structures, requiring extensive conformational searches with accurate but affordable energy computation. For this purpose we are combining Monte Carlo searches with a computationally efficient density-functional-based tight-binding (DFTB+) method. The approach is tested for the stepwise hydration energies of the ammonium ion in NH(4)(+)(H(2)O)(n) clusters (n = 1-8), for which experimental data are available. For each Cluster size n, we perform Monte Carlo searches, where for each conformation we calculate the minimized energy using the DFTB+ method (and, for comparison, using MM3 or OPLS-AA force field). The Monte Carlo/DFrB+ search identifies the lowest energy structure that can be reoptimized with other quantum mechanical methods (here with HF, B3LYP, B3PW91, MP2, DFT, and CBS-Q, CBS- QB3, and CBS-APNO methods). Calculated geometries and charge densities for the clusters are also presented. The results show that the binding energies calculated by the DFTB+ method reproduce the values measured experimentally and predicted by highly correlated, but significantly more computationally intensive, ab initio quantum chemical methods. The encouraging results suggest that the Monte Carlo/DFTB+ approach is a computationally efficient quantum chemical method for relatively large solvated systems, as demonstrated here for cluster ions. C1 [Zhao, Yi-Lei; Meot-Ner, Michael (Mautner); Gonzalez, Carlos] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Yi-Lei] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Meot-Ner, Michael (Mautner)] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Meot-Ner, Michael (Mautner)] Univ Canterbury, Dept Chem, Christchurch 8001, New Zealand. RP Zhao, YL (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yi-lei.zhao@nist.gov; carlos.gonzales@nist.gov FU IST [NB838060-8-03796] FX This study utilized the high-performance computational capabilities of the Biowulf PC/Linux cluster at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (http://biowulf.nih.gov). This work is supported by the NIST NB838060-8-03796 PWS project. The authors would like to thank the administrations of NIST and KTC-NV, and we thank Dr. James J. P. Stewart for providing MOPAC2007 program and Scienomics Sarl for providing the MNDO-module MAPS program. Certain commercial materials and equipment are identified in this paper in order to specify procedures completely, In no case does such identifications imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), nor does it imply that the material or equipment identified is necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 97 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 26 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 12 BP 2967 EP 2974 DI 10.1021/jp808486k PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 421HA UT WOS:000264348800037 PM 19243164 ER PT J AU Dudowicz, J Douglas, JF Freed, KF AF Dudowicz, Jacek Douglas, Jack F. Freed, Karl F. TI Self-Assembly in a Polymer Matrix and Its Impact on Phase Separation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL SOLUTION TEMPERATURES; PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; CRITICAL SOLUTION POINTS; LIQUID-MIXTURES; THERMOREVERSIBLE GELATION; SUPRAMOLECULAR POLYMERS; WORMLIKE MICELLES; SOLUBILITY LOOPS; METHYL ACETATE; MODEL AB Molecular self-assembly often occurs in the presence of long chain polymers, and we develop a theory to describe the competition between self-assembly and phase separation that generally occurs in these complex fluid mixtures. The theory includes a description of the particularly interesting situation where the associating "monomeric" species form high molecular mass polymeric structures and where the assembly process transforms the phase boundary from a form typical of a polymer solution to one that more resembles a polymer blend. We consider both self-assembly upon cooling and upon heating, but the van der Waals interactions are chosen so that phase separation occurs only upon cooling in the absence of association. Systems that associate upon heating prove to be particularly rich, and closed loop and ordinary (upper solution critical) phase boundaries are found to coexist over a wide range of interaction parameter values. Each critical temperature in the limit of a large polymerization index for the matrix polymers approaches its respective theta temperature. The calculations elucidate basic physical principles governing the phase behavior of these complex mixtures. C1 [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dudowicz, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. FU NSF [CHE-0749788] FX Acknowledgment. We dedicate this paper to Pierre-Gilles de Gennes who showed us how simple physical ideas can be used to explore beautiful physics. The paper is supported, in part, by NSF grant number CHE-0749788. NR 57 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 26 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 12 BP 3920 EP 3931 DI 10.1021/jp805829k PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 421HB UT WOS:000264348900039 PM 19006266 ER PT J AU Liang, XM Ignatov, A Kihai, Y AF Liang, Xing-Ming Ignatov, Alexander Kihai, Yury TI Implementation of the Community Radiative Transfer Model in Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Oceans and validation against nighttime AVHRR radiances SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSMITTANCE; VAPOR-PRESSURE; ABSORBING GAS; 4D-VAR SYSTEM; ASSIMILATION; EMISSIVITY; ECMWF; REFLECTION; RADIOMETER AB The fast Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) has been integrated into National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service's newly developed Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Oceans (ACSPO). CRTM is used in conjunction with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System atmospheric profiles and Reynolds weekly version 2 sea surface temperatures (SST) to simulate clear-sky brightness temperatures (BT). Model BTs are used to improve the ACSPO clear-sky mask, monitor quality of advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) BTs, and explore physical SST retrievals. This paper documents CRTM implementation in ACSPO version 1 and evaluates nighttime "model minus observation'' (M-O) BT biases in three bands (3.7, 11, and 12 mu m) of four AVHRR/ 3 instruments onboard NOAA-16, NOAA-17, NOAA-18, and MetOp-A. With careful treatment of input atmospheric and SST data, the agreement is generally good, showing only weak dependencies of M-O biases on view zenith angle, column water vapor, and wind speed. The agreement improves if Reynolds weekly SST is used instead of NCEP SST. Including surface reflection also reduces the M-O bias. After all optimizations, the M-O biases are within several tenths of a Kelvin. Consistency between different platforms is similar to 0.1K, except for NOAA-16 channel 3B, which is biased low compared to other platforms by similar to 0.4K. Our future plans include extending the analyses to daytime data and exploring physical SST retrievals. A web-based tool is being established to continuously monitor the M-O biases and physical SSTs. The validation methodology employed in this paper will be used to quantitatively measure the effect of each improvement on the M-O bias and physical SST. C1 [Liang, Xing-Ming; Ignatov, Alexander; Kihai, Yury] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Liang, Xing-Ming] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kihai, Yury] Perot Syst Inc, QSS Grp, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Liang, XM (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, WWB Room 603,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM xingming.liang@noaa.gov RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010; Liang, Xingming/H-7368-2014 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944; Liang, Xingming/0000-0001-5641-0509 FU GOES-R Program Office; CIRA; CRTM FX This work is conducted under the Algorithm Working Group funded by the GOES-R Program Office. X.-M. Liang also acknowledges the CIRA visiting scientist fellowship. CRTM is provided by the NESDIS Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA). Thanks go to Andrew Heidinger, Prasanjit Dash, Boris Petrenko, Yong Han, Quanhua Liu, Yong Chen, Paul Van Delst, and David Groff of NOAA/NESDIS for advice and help, and to two anonymous reviewers of this manuscript for careful reviews and useful recommendations. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 38 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 25 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D06112 DI 10.1029/2008JD010960 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 426BS UT WOS:000264683100003 ER PT J AU Lightner, KJ McMillan, WW McCann, KJ Hoff, RM Newchurch, MJ Hintsa, EJ Barnet, CD AF Lightner, K. J. McMillan, W. W. McCann, K. J. Hoff, R. M. Newchurch, M. J. Hintsa, E. J. Barnet, C. D. TI Detection of a tropospheric ozone anomaly using a newly developed ozone retrieval algorithm for an up-looking infrared interferometer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SHIFT COEFFICIENTS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; SCALE TRANSPORT; O-3 LINES; BAND; CLIMATOLOGY; RADIANCE; MODEL; CO AB On 2 June 2003, the Baltimore Bomem Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (BBAERI) recorded an infrared spectral time series indicating the presence of a tropospheric ozone anomaly. The measurements were collected during an Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) validation campaign called the 2003 AIRS BBAERI Ocean Validation Experiment (ABOVE03) conducted at the United States Coast Guard Chesapeake Light station located 14 miles due east of Virginia Beach, Virginia (36.91 degrees N, 75.71 degrees W). Ozone retrievals were performed with the Kurt Lightner Ozone BBAERI Retrieval (KLOBBER) algorithm, which retrieves tropospheric column ozone, surface to 300 mbar, from zenith-viewing atmospheric thermal emission spectra. KLOBBER is modeled after the AIRS retrieval algorithm consisting of a synthetic statistical regression followed by a physical retrieval. The physical retrieval is implemented using the k-Compressed Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Algorithm (kCARTA) to compute spectra. The time series of retrieved integrated ozone column on 2 June 2003 displays spikes of about 10 Dobson units, well above the error of the KLOBBER algorithm. Using instrumentation at Chesapeake Light, satellite imaging, trace gas retrievals from satellites, and Potential Vorticity (PV) computations, it was determined that these sudden increases in column ozone likely were caused by a combination of midtropospheric biomass burning products from forest fires in Siberia, Russia, and stratospheric intrusion by a tropopause fold occurring over central Canada and the midwestern United States. C1 [Lightner, K. J.; McMillan, W. W.; McCann, K. J.; Hoff, R. M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Newchurch, M. J.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hintsa, E. J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Barnet, C. D.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Lightner, KJ (reprint author), Appl Signal Technol Inc, 306 Sentinel Dr,Suite 100, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. EM kurt_lightner@appsig.com RI Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; Hoff, Raymond/C-6747-2012 FU NASA [NAG51156-7, NNG04GN42G, NAS7-03001] FX Special thanks go to Brent Holben for supplying AERONET data from the COVE site and to Ken Rutledge for making the use of Chesapeake Light a possibility. We would also like to thank Michele McCourt, Eric Maddy, Ray Rogers, Felicita Russo, and Jing Song for their hard work and long hours during ABOVE03. We would like to thank Lynn Sparling for supplying us with the potential vorticity figures. Finally, we gratefully thank NASA for its support through grant NAG51156-7 for AIRS Validation and grant NNG04GN42G for development of AIRS trace gas products, and through a subcontract with JPL on the AIRS Project prime contract NAS7-03001 for continuing optimization and validation of AIRS trace gas products. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 25 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D06304 DI 10.1029/2008JD010270 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 426BS UT WOS:000264683100001 ER PT J AU Rutter, N Essery, R Pomeroy, J Altimir, N Andreadis, K Baker, I Barr, A Bartlett, P Boone, A Deng, HP Douville, H Dutra, E Elder, K Ellis, C Feng, X Gelfan, A Goodbody, A Gusev, Y Gustafsson, D Hellstrom, R Hirabayashi, Y Hirota, T Jonas, T Koren, V Kuragina, A Lettenmaier, D Li, WP Luce, C Martin, E Nasonova, O Pumpanen, J Pyles, RD Samuelsson, P Sandells, M Schadler, G Shmakin, A Smirnova, TG Stahli, M Stockli, R Strasser, U Su, H Suzuki, K Takata, K Tanaka, K Thompson, E Vesala, T Viterbo, P Wiltshire, A Xia, K Xue, YK Yamazaki, T AF Rutter, Nick Essery, Richard Pomeroy, John Altimir, Nuria Andreadis, Kostas Baker, Ian Barr, Alan Bartlett, Paul Boone, Aaron Deng, Huiping Douville, Herve Dutra, Emanuel Elder, Kelly Ellis, Chad Feng, Xia Gelfan, Alexander Goodbody, Angus Gusev, Yeugeniy Gustafsson, David Hellstroem, Rob Hirabayashi, Yukiko Hirota, Tomoyoshi Jonas, Tobias Koren, Victor Kuragina, Anna Lettenmaier, Dennis Li, Wei-Ping Luce, Charlie Martin, Eric Nasonova, Olga Pumpanen, Jukka Pyles, R. David Samuelsson, Patrick Sandells, Melody Schaedler, Gerd Shmakin, Andrey Smirnova, Tatiana G. Staehli, Manfred Stoeckli, Reto Strasser, Ulrich Su, Hua Suzuki, Kazuyoshi Takata, Kumiko Tanaka, Kenji Thompson, Erin Vesala, Timo Viterbo, Pedro Wiltshire, Andrew Xia, Kun Xue, Yongkang Yamazaki, Takeshi TI Evaluation of forest snow processes models (SnowMIP2) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review ID LAND-SURFACE SCHEME; PHYSICAL SNOATACK MODEL; ENERGY-BALANCE MODELS; BOREAL FOREST; CONIFEROUS FOREST; INTERCEPTED SNOW; WATER EXCHANGE; PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; ALPINE SITE AB Thirty-three snowpack models of varying complexity and purpose were evaluated across a wide range of hydrometeorological and forest canopy conditions at five Northern Hemisphere locations, for up to two winter snow seasons. Modeled estimates of snow water equivalent (SWE) or depth were compared to observations at forest and open sites at each location. Precipitation phase and duration of above-freezing air temperatures are shown to be major influences on divergence and convergence of modeled estimates of the subcanopy snowpack. When models are considered collectively at all locations, comparisons with observations show that it is harder to model SWE at forested sites than open sites. There is no universal "best'' model for all sites or locations, but comparison of the consistency of individual model performances relative to one another at different sites shows that there is less consistency at forest sites than open sites, and even less consistency between forest and open sites in the same year. A good performance by a model at a forest site is therefore unlikely to mean a good model performance by the same model at an open site (and vice versa). Calibration of models at forest sites provides lower errors than uncalibrated models at three out of four locations. However, benefits of calibration do not translate to subsequent years, and benefits gained by models calibrated for forest snow processes are not translated to open conditions. C1 [Rutter, Nick] Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Essery, Richard] Univ Edinburgh, Grant Inst, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. [Pomeroy, John; Ellis, Chad] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geog, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada. [Altimir, Nuria; Pumpanen, Jukka; Vesala, Timo] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Div Atmospher Sci, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Andreadis, Kostas; Lettenmaier, Dennis] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Baker, Ian] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Barr, Alan; Bartlett, Paul; Thompson, Erin] Environm Canada, Climate Proc Sect, Div Climate Res, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Boone, Aaron; Douville, Herve; Martin, Eric] Meteo France, GAME, CNRM, F-31057 Toulouse, France. [Deng, Huiping; Xue, Yongkang] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Dutra, Emanuel] Univ Lisbon, CGUL, IDL, P-1250102 Lisbon, Portugal. [Elder, Kelly; Goodbody, Angus] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Feng, Xia] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. [Gelfan, Alexander; Gusev, Yeugeniy; Kuragina, Anna; Nasonova, Olga] RAS, Inst Water Problems, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Gustafsson, David] Royal Inst Technol, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Hellstroem, Rob] Bridgewater State Coll, Dept Geog, Bridgewater, MA USA. [Hirabayashi, Yukiko] Univ Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan. [Hirota, Tomoyoshi] NARO, NARCH, Climate & Land Use Change Res Team, Toyohira Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0628555, Japan. [Jonas, Tobias] Swiss Fed Inst Snow & Avalanche Res, Snow Hydrol Res Grp, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. [Koren, Victor] NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, NWS, NCEP, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Li, Wei-Ping; Xia, Kun] CMA, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Luce, Charlie] US Forest Serv, USDA, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Pyles, R. David] Univ Calif Davis, LAWR, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Samuelsson, Patrick] Rossby Ctr, Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, SE-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. [Sandells, Melody] Univ Reading, ESSC, Reading RG6 6AL, Berks, England. [Schaedler, Gerd] Karlsruhe Res Ctr, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Tropospher Res Div, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Shmakin, Andrey] RAS, Inst Geog, Moscow 119017, Russia. [Smirnova, Tatiana G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Staehli, Manfred] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Stoeckli, Reto] Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol, Climate Serv, CH-8044 Zurich, Switzerland. [Strasser, Ulrich] Univ Munich, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Su, Hua] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Suzuki, Kazuyoshi; Yamazaki, Takeshi] JAMSTEC, IORGC, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Takata, Kumiko] JAMSTEC, FRCGC, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Tanaka, Kenji] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Water Resources Res Ctr, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. [Viterbo, Pedro] Univ Lisbon, Inst Meteorol, P-1250102 Lisbon, Portugal. [Wiltshire, Andrew] Univ Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Wiltshire, Andrew] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Yamazaki, Takeshi] Tohoku Univ, Dept Geophys, Grad Sch Sci, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Smirnova, Tatiana G.] NOAA, ESRL, GSD, Boulder, CO USA. RP Rutter, N (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Winter St, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. EM n.rutter@sheffield.ac.uk RI Hirabayashi, Yukiko/E-5628-2010; gusev, yugeniy/G-4711-2014; Smirnova, Tatiana/D-3350-2015; Barr, Alan/H-9939-2014; Dutra, Emanuel/A-3774-2010; Vesala, Timo/C-3795-2017; Stahli, Manfred/E-3903-2013; Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008; Feng, Xia/K-1933-2013; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011; Nasonova, Olga/B-6093-2014; Wiltshire, Andy/C-2848-2008; Rutter, Nick/F-6998-2014; Gelfan, Alexander/E-4061-2010; Viterbo, Pedro/B-7184-2008; Pumpanen, Jukka/B-1254-2012; Gustafsson, David/G-6729-2012; Pomeroy, John/A-8589-2013; Schaedler, Gerd/A-9605-2013 OI Hirabayashi, Yukiko/0000-0001-5693-197X; gusev, yugeniy/0000-0003-3886-2143; Dutra, Emanuel/0000-0002-0643-2643; Vesala, Timo/0000-0002-4852-7464; Essery, Richard/0000-0003-1756-9095; Martin, Eric/0000-0002-1491-9590; Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662; lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327; Rutter, Nick/0000-0002-5008-3575; Viterbo, Pedro/0000-0001-6587-3062; Pumpanen, Jukka/0000-0003-4879-3663; Pomeroy, John/0000-0002-4782-7457; FU NERC [NE/C510140/1, NE/E013902/1]; iLEAPS IPO; CFCAS Network [IP3]; RFBR [08-05-00475]; [NSFATM-0353606] FX Many thanks go to all participants of SnowMIP2, whose conversations and suggestions have shaped this paper. In particular, the following are gratefully thanked for financial support to the authors; relevant authors are in parentheses: NERC grant NE/C510140/1 (Rutter, Essery), NERC Postdoctoral Fellowship NE/E013902/1 (Rutter), iLEAPS IPO (Altimir), CFCAS Network Grant for IP3 (Pomeroy), NSFATM-0353606 (Xue, Deng), and RFBR grant 08-05-00475 (Shmakin); for data collection: Yuichiro Nakai (Hitsujigaoka), Finnish Meteorological Institute (Hyytiala); and for modeling: F. Grabe (VEG) and Michael Warscher (ESC). NR 148 TC 122 Z9 122 U1 4 U2 53 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 25 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D06111 DI 10.1029/2008JD011063 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 426BS UT WOS:000264683100005 ER PT J AU Kepa, H Majkrzak, CF Sipatov, A Fedorov, AG Samburskaya, TA Giebultowicz, TM AF Kepa, H. Majkrzak, C. F. Sipatov, A. Fedorov, A. G. Samburskaya, T. A. Giebultowicz, T. M. TI Interlayer coupling in EuS/SrS, EuS/PbSe and EuS/PbTe magnetic semiconductor superlattices SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID EUS; MULTILAYERS AB Neutron reflectivity studies of EuS/SrS, EuS/PbSe and EuS/PbTe all-semiconductor superlattices were carried out in a search for exchange interlayer coupling. A relatively weak antiferromagnetic coupling was found in EuS/SrS and EuS/PbSe systems but no interlayer coupling was detected in EuS/PbTe superlattices. In EuS/SrS, where the SrS spacer is an insulator (E(g) approximate to 4 eV), a very weak and short range interlayer coupling is in agreement with the earlier theoretical predictions that the interlayer coupling strength in EuS-based magnetic semiconductor superlattices depends strongly on the energy gap of the nonmagnetic layer and should decrease with an increase of the energy gap of the spacer material. A weak coupling in EuS/PbSe and no coupling in EuS/PbTe, where both PbSe and PbTe are narrow-gap semiconductors (E(g) approximate to 0.3 eV), is in disagreement not only with the theoretical expectations but also in stark contrast with earlier results for another narrow-gap spacer system, EuS/PbS, where pronounced antiferromagnetic coupling persists even in samples with PbS layer thicknesses as large as 200 angstrom. A possible influence of the increasing lattice mismatch between EuS and the spacer materials (0.5%, 0.8%, 2.5% and 8.2% for PbS, SrS, PbSe and PbTe, respectively) on the magnetic ordering of the EuS layer near the interfaces and, consequently, on the interlayer coupling is discussed. C1 [Kepa, H.] Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Kepa, H.; Giebultowicz, T. M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Majkrzak, C. F.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sipatov, A.; Samburskaya, T. A.] Natl Tech Univ KhPI, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Fedorov, A. G.] Inst Scintillat Mat NASU, UA-61001 Kharkov, Ukraine. RP Kepa, H (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, 69 Hoza St, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. EM Henryk.Kepa@fuw.edu.pl OI Sipatov, Alexander/0000-0002-2693-2135 FU NSF [DMR-0204105, DMR-0509478]; CRDF [UKP2-2896-KV-07] FX The work was supported by NSF DMR-0204105, NSF DMR-0509478 and CRDF UKP2-2896-KV-07 grants. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAR 25 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 12 AR 124207 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/21/12/124207 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 414UE UT WOS:000263889900010 PM 21817449 ER PT J AU Sakakibara, N Schwarz, FP Kelman, Z AF Sakakibara, Nozomi Schwarz, Frederick P. Kelman, Zvi TI ATP Hydrolysis and DNA Binding Confer Thermostability on the MCM Helicase SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MINICHROMOSOME MAINTENANCE PROTEIN; REPLICATIVE HEXAMERIC HELICASE; DOMAIN; THERMOAUTOTROPHICUM; TRANSLOCATION; DENATURATION AB The minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase is the replicative helicase in archaea. The enzyme utilizes the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to translocate along one strand of the DNA and unwind the complementary strand. Here, the effect of DNA and ATP on the thermostability of the Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus MCM protein was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The MCM protein shows a single thermal transition at 67 degrees C. The stability is dramatically altered with the appearance of a second thermal transition up to 10 degrees C higher in the presence of DNA and either ATP or ADP-AlF(4)(-), a transition-state analogue of ATP, bound to MCM. In the presence of DNA and ADP or the nonhydrolyzable ATP analogues ATP gamma S and AMP-PNP, however, only a single thermal transition is observed at temperatures slightly higher than the transition temperature of MCM alone. Thus, the results suggest that ATP hydrolysis proceeds through a transition state that decouples an interaction between the N-terminal DNA binding domain and the C-terminal catalytic domain in the presence of DNA. C1 [Sakakibara, Nozomi; Schwarz, Frederick P.; Kelman, Zvi] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Schwarz, Frederick P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Kelman, Z (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM kelman@umbi.umd.edu FU American Cancer Society [RSG-04-050-01-GMC]; National Science Foundation [MCB-0815646] FX This work was supported by a Research Scholar Grant from the American Cancer Society (RSG-04-050-01-GMC) and a grant from the National Science Foundation (MCB-0815646) awarded to Z.K. Certain commercial materials, instruments, and equipment are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the materials, instruments, or equipment identified is necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAR 24 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 11 BP 2330 EP 2339 DI 10.1021/bi801921j PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 420EW UT WOS:000264272700006 PM 19243117 ER PT J AU Fiore, JL Kraemer, B Koberling, F Edmann, R Nesbitt, DJ AF Fiore, Julie L. Kraemer, Benedikt Koberling, Felix Edmann, Rainer Nesbitt, David J. TI Enthalpy-Driven RNA Folding: Single-Molecule Thermodynamics of Tetraloop-Receptor Tertiary Interaction SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; GAAA TETRALOOP; HAMMERHEAD RIBOZYME; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; HAIRPIN RIBOZYME; MOTIF; LOOP; DEPENDENCE; KINETICS AB RNA folding thermodynamics are crucial for structure prediction, which requires characterization of both enthalpic and entropic contributions of tertiary motifs to conformational stability. We explore the temperature dependence of RNA folding due to the ubiquitous GAAA tetraloop-receptor docking interaction, exploiting immobilized and freely diffusing single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) methods. The equilibrium constant for intramolecular docking is obtained as a function of temperature (T = 21-47 degrees C), from which a van't Hoff analysis yields the enthalpy (Delta H degrees) and entropy (Delta S degrees) of docking. Tetraloop-receptor docking is significantly exothermic and entropically unfavorable in 1 mM MgCl(2) and 100 mM NaCl, with excellent agreement between immobilized (Delta H degrees = -17.4 +/- 1.6 kcal/mol, and Delta S degrees = -56.2 +/- 5.4 cal mol(-1) K(-1)) and freely diffusing (Delta H degrees = -17.2 +/- 1.6 kcal/mol, and Delta S degrees = -55.9 +/- 5.2 cal mol(-1) K(-1)) species. Kinetic heterogeneity in the tetraloop-receptor construct is unaffected over the temperature range investigated, indicating a large energy barrier for interconversion between the actively docking and nondocking subpopulations. Formation of the tetraloop-receptor interaction can account for similar to 60% of the Delta H degrees and Delta S degrees of P4-P6 domain folding in the Tetrahymena ribozyme, suggesting that it may act as a thermodynamic clamp for the domain. Comparison of the isolated tetraloop-receptor and other tertiary folding thermodynamics supports a theme that enthalpy- versus entropy-driven folding is determined by the number of hydrogen bonding and base stacking interactions. C1 [Fiore, Julie L.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fiore, Julie L.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kraemer, Benedikt; Koberling, Felix; Edmann, Rainer] PicoQuant GmbH, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu FU NSF; NIST; W. M. Keck Foundation; Boulder; PicoQuant; GmbH; CU Biophysics Training [T32 GM-065103] FX This work was supported in part by the NSF, NIST, the W. M. Keck Foundation initiative in RNA sciences at the University of Colorado, Boulder, and PicoQuant, GmbH. J.L.F. was supported in part by Optical Science and Engineering Program NSF-IGERT and CU Biophysics Training (T32 GM-065103) grants. NR 58 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAR 24 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 11 BP 2550 EP 2558 DI 10.1021/bi8019788 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 420EW UT WOS:000264272700029 PM 19186984 ER PT J AU Boyer, V Marino, AM Pooser, RC Lett, PD AF Boyer, Vincent Marino, Alberto M. Pooser, Raphael C. Lett, Paul D. TI Entangling Light in its Spatial Degrees of Freedom with Four-Wave Mixing in an Atomic Vapor SO CHEMPHYSCHEM LA English DT Article DE absorption imaging; atomic vapors; entangled beams; four-wave mixing; rubidium ID CONTINUOUS VARIABLE SYSTEMS; PODOLSKY-ROSEN PARADOX; CRITERION; NOISE AB The entanglement properties of two beams of light can reside in subtle correlations that exist in the unavoidable quantum fluctuations of their amplitudes and phases. Recent advances in the generation of nonclassical light with four-wave mixing in an atomic vapor have permitted the production and the observation of entanglement that is localized in almost arbitrary transverse regions of a pair of beams. These multi-spatial-mode entangled beams may prove useful for an array of applications ranging from noise-free imaging and improved position sensing to quantum information processing. C1 [Boyer, Vincent; Marino, Alberto M.; Pooser, Raphael C.; Lett, Paul D.] Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Boyer, Vincent] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Boyer, V (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Marino, Alberto/C-7193-2013; OI Pooser, Raphael/0000-0002-2922-453X FU Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Program FX R. C. P. is supported under a grant from the Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Program. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4235 J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM JI ChemPhysChem PD MAR 23 PY 2009 VL 10 IS 5 BP 755 EP 760 DI 10.1002/cphc.200800734 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 427IZ UT WOS:000264774300002 PM 19226507 ER PT J AU Bloom, AN Gillen, G Najarro, M Windsor, E AF Bloom, Anna N. Gillen, Greg Najarro, Marcela Windsor, Eric TI Inkjet printed explosive standards SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bloom, Anna N.] Juniata Coll, Dept Chem, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. [Gillen, Greg; Najarro, Marcela; Windsor, Eric] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM blooman06@juniata.edu; eric.windsor@nist.gov NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 121-ANYL BP 204 EP 204 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857800179 ER PT J AU Richter, LJ AF Richter, Lee J. TI Nonlinear optical studies of polymer interfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Richter, Lee J.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lee.richter@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 170-ANYL BP 268 EP 268 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857800243 ER PT J AU Burkholder, JB AF Burkholder, James B. TI Halogen photochemistry and its impact on polar stratospheric ozone SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, ESRL Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 134-ANYL BP 274 EP 274 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857800249 ER PT J AU Rollins, AW Fry, JL Kiendler-Scharr, A Wooldridge, PJ Brown, SS Fuchs, H Dube, WP Mensah, A Tillmann, R Dorn, HP Brauers, T Cohen, RC AF Rollins, Andrew W. Fry, Juliane L. Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid Wooldridge, Paul J. Brown, Steven S. Fuchs, Hendrik Dube, William P. Mensah, Amewu Tillmann, Ralf Dorn, Hans-Peter Brauers, Theo Cohen, Ronald C. TI Isoprene oxidation by nitrate radical: Alkyl nitrate and secondary organic aerosol yields SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rollins, Andrew W.; Wooldridge, Paul J.; Cohen, Ronald C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fry, Juliane L.] Reed Coll, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97202 USA. [Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid; Mensah, Amewu; Tillmann, Ralf; Dorn, Hans-Peter; Brauers, Theo] Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG Troposphare 2, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Brown, Steven S.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ice@berkeley.edu; fry@reed.edu; steven.s.brown@noaa.gov; cohen@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Brauers, Theo/A-8444-2008; Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid/E-8439-2011; Tillmann, Ralf/I-9203-2012; Dube, William/I-1658-2013; Mensah, Amewu/D-2275-2015; Dorn, Hans-Peter/B-3054-2009 OI Brauers, Theo/0000-0001-6671-8566; Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid/0000-0003-3166-2253; Tillmann, Ralf/0000-0003-0648-6622; Dube, William/0000-0003-1286-4087; Dorn, Hans-Peter/0000-0001-5945-7708 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 122-ANYL BP 288 EP 288 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857800263 ER PT J AU LaFranchi, BW Wolfe, GM Thornton, JA Browne, EC Min, KE Wooldridge, PJ McKay, M Goldstein, AH Gilman, JB Welsh-Bon, D Kuster, WC deGouw, JA Mao, JQ Chen, Z Ren, XR Brune, WH Cohen, RC AF LaFranchi, Brian W. Wolfe, Glenn M. Thornton, Joel A. Browne, Eleanor C. Min, Kyung-Eun Wooldridge, Paul J. McKay, Megan Goldstein, Allen H. Gilman, Jessica B. Welsh-Bon, Daniel Kuster, William C. deGouw, Joost A. Mao, Jingqiu Chen, Zhong Ren, Xinrong Brune, William H. Cohen, Ronald C. TI Closing the peroxy acetyl (PA) radical budget: Observations of acyl peroxy nitrates (PAN, PPN and MPAN) during BEARPEX 2009 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [LaFranchi, Brian W.; Browne, Eleanor C.; Wooldridge, Paul J.; Cohen, Ronald C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wolfe, Glenn M.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thornton, Joel A.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Min, Kyung-Eun] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McKay, Megan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gilman, Jessica B.; Welsh-Bon, Daniel; Kuster, William C.; deGouw, Joost A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Mao, Jingqiu; Chen, Zhong; Ren, Xinrong; Brune, William H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM lafranchi@berkeley.edu RI Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Browne, Eleanor/J-4517-2015; OI Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Browne, Eleanor/0000-0002-8076-9455; Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 115-ANYL BP 289 EP 289 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857800264 ER PT J AU Bedner, M Phinney, KW Sander, LC AF Bedner, Mary Phinney, Karen W. Sander, Lane C. TI Determination of vitamin D metabolites in serum using LC-MS and LC-MS/MS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bedner, Mary; Phinney, Karen W.; Sander, Lane C.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mary.bedner@nist.gov; karen.phinney@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 181-ANYL BP 301 EP 301 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857800276 ER PT J AU Briggman, KA AF Briggman, Kimberly A. TI Nonlinear spectroscopic characterization of model membrane systems SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Briggman, Kimberly A.] NIST, Biophys Grp, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kbriggma@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 155-ANYL BP 332 EP 332 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857800307 ER PT J AU Ravishankara, AR Roberts, J Osthoff, H Brown, S AF Ravishankara, A. R. Roberts, James Osthoff, Hans Brown, Steven TI Chlorine activation in the troposphere via heterogeneous reactions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ravishankara, A. R.] Univ Colorado, Earth Syst Res Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ravishankara, A. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Osthoff, Hans] Univ Calgary, Dept Chem, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM a.r.ravishankara@noaa.gov; James.M.Roberts@noaa.gov; Hans.Osthoff@noaa.gov; Steven.S.Brown@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 6-ANYL BP 365 EP 365 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857800340 ER PT J AU Walker, ML Vanderah, DJ AF Walker, Marlon L. Vanderah, David J. TI Oligo(ethylene oxide)-based compounds for the control of protein adsorption SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Walker, Marlon L.; Vanderah, David J.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Marlon.Walker@NIST.GOV; djvander@.nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 60-BIOL BP 615 EP 615 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857800569 ER PT J AU Amis, EJ AF Amis, Eric J. TI Untold promise and unknown risks: Science-based decision-making for nanotechnology SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Amis, Eric J.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 1-CHAS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857801936 ER PT J AU Antonucci, J Skrtic, D AF Antonucci, Joseph Skrtic, Drago TI Effects of a methacrylic silane on some physicochemical properties of resin-based biomimetic composite SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Antonucci, Joseph] NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Skrtic, Drago] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.antonucci@nist.gov; drago.skrtic@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 398-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807697 ER PT J AU Becker, ML Roy, MD Goldner, WS West, WW AF Becker, Matthew L. Roy, Marc D. Goldner, Whitney S. West, William W. TI Multiplexed bioimaging of cancer biomarkers in human thyroid lesions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Becker, Matthew L.; Roy, Marc D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Goldner, Whitney S.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. [West, William W.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM matthew.becker@nist.gov; Marc.Roy@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 392-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807715 ER PT J AU Briggman, KA AF Briggman, Kimberly A. TI Nonlinear optical methods for monitoring biophysical interactions of drugs and nanoparticles with supported lipid membranes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Briggman, Kimberly A.] NIST, Biophys Grp, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kbriggma@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 415-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857803431 ER PT J AU Chaka, AM Iceman, CR Mason, SE Trainor, TP AF Chaka, Anne M. Iceman, Christopher R. Mason, Sara E. Trainor, Thomas P. TI Interactions of water with hematite and alumina surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chaka, Anne M.; Mason, Sara E.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Iceman, Christopher R.; Trainor, Thomas P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM anne.chaka@nist.gov; fncri@uaf.edu; sara.mason@nist.gov; fftpt@uaf.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 17-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857804379 ER PT J AU De Carlo, EH Mackenzie, FT Andersson, AJ Sabine, CL Feely, RA AF De Carlo, Eric Heinen Mackenzie, Fred T. Andersson, Andreas J. Sabine, Christopher L. Feely, Richard A. TI CO2-carbonate system dynamics in subtropical coastal reef environments under rising atmospheric CO2 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [De Carlo, Eric Heinen; Mackenzie, Fred T.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Andersson, Andreas J.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, Ferry Reach, St Geroges, Bermuda. [Sabine, Christopher L.; Feely, Richard A.] NOAA PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM edecarlo@soest.hawaii.edu; fredm@soest.hawaii.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 73-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857804319 ER PT J AU Garg, S Procar, L Butler, P Perez-Salas, U AF Garg, Sumit Procar, Lionel Butler, Paul Perez-Salas, Ursula TI Lipid nanodomains behave differently from lipid microdomains: A small angle neutron scattering study SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Garg, Sumit; Perez-Salas, Ursula] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Procar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, Large Scale Struct Grp, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Butler, Paul] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sgarg@anl.gov; porcar@ill.fr; paul.butler@nist.gov RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 50-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857803409 ER PT J AU Germack, DS Chan, C Hamadani, B Kline, RJ Gundlach, DJ Richter, LJ Fischer, DA DeLongchamp, DM AF Germack, David S. Chan, Calvin Hamadani, Behrang Kline, R. Joseph Gundlach, David J. Richter, Lee J. Fischer, Daniel A. DeLongchamp, Dean M. TI Correlation of interfacial composition and bulk morphology to device performance in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Germack, David S.; Kline, R. Joseph; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chan, Calvin; Hamadani, Behrang; Gundlach, David J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Richter, Lee J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.germack@nist.gov; calvin.chan@nist.gov; joe.kline@nist.gov; lee.richter@nist.gov; dean.delongchamp@nist.gov RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 334-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807319 ER PT J AU Hayes, CJ Burgess, DR AF Hayes, Carrigan J. Burgess, Donald R., Jr. TI Systematic exploration of hydrogen atom transfers in alkyl, alkenyl, and functionalized radicals, as predicted by composite ab initio methods SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hayes, Carrigan J.] NIST, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Burgess, Donald R., Jr.] NIST, Div Chem & Biochem Reference Data, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carrigan.hayes@nist.gov; dburgess@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 9-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857803695 ER PT J AU Heilweil, EJ Mosley, K Ruddick, KR Webster, CE Burkey, TJ AF Heilweil, Edwin J. Mosley, Karen Ruddick, Kristie R. Webster, Charles Edwin Burkey, Theodore J. TI Photochromic cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl derivatives: Studies of linkage isomerization and ultrafast time resolved infrared spectroscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mosley, Karen; Ruddick, Kristie R.; Webster, Charles Edwin; Burkey, Theodore J.] Univ Memphis, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM edwin.heilweil@nist.gov; kruddick@memphis.edu; cewebstr@memphis.edu; tburkey@memphis.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 435-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857805706 ER PT J AU Heller, SR Stein, SE Tchekhovskoi, DV Pletnev, IV McNaught, AD AF Heller, Stephen R. Stein, Stephen E. Tchekhovskoi, Dmitrii V. Pletnev, Igor V. McNaught, Alan D. TI The history, evolution, and adoption of the IUPAC InChI/InChIKey SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Heller, Stephen R.; Stein, Stephen E.; Tchekhovskoi, Dmitrii V.] NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pletnev, Igor V.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Chem, Moscow 119899, Russia. EM srheller@nist.gov; steve.stein@nist.gov; dmitrii.tchekohovskoi@nist.gov; pletnev@analyt.chem.msu.ru; mcnaught@ntlworld.com RI Tchekhovskoi, Dmitrii/J-2319-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 4-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857802625 ER PT J AU Iceman, CR Tanwar, K Mason, SE Chaka, AM Trainor, TP AF Iceman, Christopher R. Tanwar, Kunaljeet Mason, Sara E. Chaka, Anne M. Trainor, Thomas P. TI Solvated ion and explicit water contributions to the energy of the 1-102 hematite surface SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Iceman, Christopher R.; Tanwar, Kunaljeet; Trainor, Thomas P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Mason, Sara E.; Chaka, Anne M.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fncri@uaf.edu; ftkjt@uaf.edu; sara.mason@nist.gov; anne.chaka@nist.gov; fftpt@uaf.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 104-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857804380 ER PT J AU Kapteyn, HC Murnane, MM AF Kapteyn, Henry C. Murnane, Margaret M. TI PHYS 162-Harnessing attosecond science for molecular dynamics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kapteyn@jila.colorado.edu; murnane@jila.colorado.edu RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 162-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857808403 ER PT J AU Karim, A Berry, B Yager, K Bosse, A Douglas, JF Jones, RL Briber, RM Kim, HC AF Karim, Alamgir Berry, B. Yager, K. Bosse, A. Douglas, J. F. Jones, R. L. Briber, R. M. Kim, H. C. TI Directed assembly of block copolymer films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Karim, Alamgir; Berry, B.; Yager, K.; Bosse, A.; Douglas, J. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jones, R. L.; Briber, R. M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci, College Pk, MD USA. [Kim, H. C.] IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA USA. EM alamgir.karim@nist.gov RI Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011; Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012 OI Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513; Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 357-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807392 ER PT J AU Kimble-Hill, AC Singh, D Laible, PD Hanson, DK Porcar, L Butler, PD Perez-Salas, U AF Kimble-Hill, Ann Carol Singh, Divya Laible, Philip D. Hanson, Deborah K. Porcar, Lionel Butler, Paul D. Perez-Salas, Ursula TI Detergent localization in model proteo-bicelles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kimble-Hill, Ann Carol] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Laible, Philip D.; Hanson, Deborah K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Porcar, Lionel; Butler, Paul D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Perez-Salas, Ursula] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kimble-hill@anl.gov; lionel.porcar@nist.gov; butler@nist.gov RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 240-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857803049 ER PT J AU Lin-Gibson, S Sung, LP Forster, AM Hu, HQ Lin, NJ AF Lin-Gibson, Sheng Sung, Li-Piin Forster, Aaron M. Hu, Haiqing Lin, Nancy J. TI Combinatorial characterization of photopolymerizable nanocomposites: Effect of filler type and content on properties SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lin-Gibson, Sheng; Lin, Nancy J.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sung, Li-Piin; Forster, Aaron M.; Hu, Haiqing] NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM slgibson@nist.gov; lipiin@nist.gov; aaron.forster@nist.gov; haiqing.hu@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 308-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807659 ER PT J AU Mason, SE Iceman, CR Trainor, TP Chaka, AM AF Mason, Sara E. Iceman, Christopher R. Trainor, Thomas P. Chaka, Anne M. TI PHYS 88-Reactivity relationships in hydrated oxides extracted from DFT studies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mason, Sara E.; Chaka, Anne M.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Iceman, Christopher R.; Trainor, Thomas P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM sara.mason@nist.gov; fncri@uaf.edu; fftpt@uaf.edu; anne.chaka@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 88-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857808352 ER PT J AU Migler, KB Fagan, JA AF Migler, Kalman B. Fagan, Jeffrey A. TI Single walled carbon nanotube reference materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Migler, Kalman B.; Fagan, Jeffrey A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kalman.migler@nist.gov; jeffrey.fagan@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 10-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807768 ER PT J AU Morgan, AW Roskov, KE Lin-Gibson, S Kaplan, D Becker, ML Simon, CG AF Morgan, Abby W. Roskov, Kristen E. Lin-Gibson, Sheng Kaplan, David Becker, Matthew L. Simon, Carl G., Jr. TI Silk blending for osteoblastic attachment SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Morgan, Abby W.] Virginia Tech, Dept Chem Engn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Roskov, Kristen E.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng; Becker, Matthew L.; Simon, Carl G., Jr.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kaplan, David] Tufts Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM awmorgan@mse.vt.edu; kristen.roskov@nist.gov; slgibson@nist.gov; david.kaplan@tufts.edu; matthew.becker@nist.gov RI Whittington, Abby/C-7910-2013; Whittington, Abby/D-9266-2014 OI Whittington, Abby/0000-0002-9667-0089; Whittington, Abby/0000-0001-7401-7209 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 317-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807794 ER PT J AU Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC AF Murnane, Margaret M. Kapteyn, Henry C. TI PHYS 138-Probing coupled electron and nuclear dynamics in polyatomic molecules using ultrafast X-rays SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Murnane, Margaret M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM murnane@jila.colorado.edu; kapteyn@jila.colorado.edu RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 138-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857808172 ER PT J AU Pease, LF Tsai, DH Zangmeister, RA Zachariah, MR Tarlov, MJ AF Pease, Leonard F., III Tsai, De-Hao Zangmeister, Rebecca A. Zachariah, Michael R. Tarlov, Michael J. TI Use of electrospray-differential mobility analysis to characterize biologically conjugated nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pease, Leonard F., III; Zangmeister, Rebecca A.; Tarlov, Michael J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tsai, De-Hao; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM michael.tarlov@nist.gov RI Tsai, De-Hao/K-6702-2012; Zangmeister, Rebecca/D-6641-2017 OI Tsai, De-Hao/0000-0002-2669-3007; Zangmeister, Rebecca/0000-0002-0540-6240 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 436-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857803294 ER PT J AU Schuckman, AE Perez, LM Vinodu, M Tome, JPC Yu, LH Drain, CM Kushmerick, JG Batteas, JD AF Schuckman, Amanda E. Perez, Lisa M. Vinodu, Mikki Tome, Joao P. C. Yu, Lam H. Drain, Charles Michael Kushmerick, James G. Batteas, James D. TI Coulomb blockade and bias-induced switching of zinc coordinated thiol-tethered tripyridyl porphyrins on Au(111) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Schuckman, Amanda E.; Perez, Lisa M.; Batteas, James D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. [Vinodu, Mikki] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Tome, Joao P. C.; Drain, Charles Michael] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Yu, Lam H.] Univ Memphis, Dept Phys, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Drain, Charles Michael] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Kushmerick, James G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM aschuckman@mail.chem.tamu.edu; perez@tamu.edu; mvinodu@hunter.cuny.edu; jtome@ua.pt; lyu2@memphis.edu; cdrain@hunter.cuny.edu; james.kushmerick@nist.gov; batteas@mail.chem.tamu.edu RI Yu, Lam/F-9025-2012; Tome, Joao/K-6782-2014 OI Tome, Joao/0000-0001-6057-4936 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 158-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857803215 ER PT J AU Song, LY Feng, D Campbell, CG Forster, AM Zhao, DY Vogt, BD AF Song, Lingyan Feng, Dan Campbell, Casey G. Forster, Aaron M. Zhao, Dongyuan Vogt, Bryan D. TI PHYS 376-Carbon-silica composite mesoporous films: Impact of silica content on conductivity and modulus SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Song, Lingyan; Vogt, Bryan D.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Zhao, Dongyuan] Fudan Univ, Dept Chem, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Campbell, Casey G.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. [Forster, Aaron M.] NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lingyan.song@asu.edu; cgcampbe@asu.edu; aaron.forster@nist.gov; dyzhao@fudan.edu.cn; Bryan.Vogt@asu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 376-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857808096 ER PT J AU Sun, JR Ding, YF Lin, NJ Ro, HW Soles, C Cicerone, MT Lin-Gibson, S AF Sun, Jirun Ding, Yifu Lin, Nancy J. Ro, Hyun Wook Soles, Christopher Cicerone, Marcus T. Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI Monitoring of elongation and orientation of osteoblast cells directed by anisotropic nanopatterns SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sun, Jirun; Ding, Yifu; Lin, Nancy J.; Ro, Hyun Wook; Soles, Christopher; Cicerone, Marcus T.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yding@nist.gov; csoles@nist.gov; cicerone@nist.gov; slgibson@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 242-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807726 ER PT J AU Torres, JM Stafford, CM Vogt, BD AF Torres, Jessica M. Stafford, Christopher M. Vogt, Bryan D. TI Examination of thin film modulus for a series of poly (alkyl methacrylates) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Torres, Jessica M.; Vogt, Bryan D.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Tempe, AZ USA. [Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jmtorre3@asu.edu; chris.stafford@nist.gov; Bryan.Vogt@asu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 398-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807074 ER PT J AU Watson, SS Tseng, IH Sung, LP AF Watson, Stephanie S. Tseng, I-Hsiang Sung, Li-Piin TI Characterizing nano-TiO2 suspensions by photocorrelation spectroscopy to determine agglomerate effects on photoactivity response SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sung, Li-Piin] NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephanie.watson@nist.gov; ihsiang.tseng@nist.gov; lipiin@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 304-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857803222 ER PT J AU Wu, H Zhou, W AF Wu, Hui Zhou, Wei TI Structures and crystal chemistry of novel metal hydrides and chemical hydrides for hydrogen storage SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM huiwu@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 291-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857805061 ER PT J AU Yildirim, T AF Yildirim, Taner TI PHYS 53-Combined first-principles and inelastic neutron scattering study of quantum dynamics of hydrogen molecule in metal organic frameworks: A direct probe of the guest-host interaction potential surface SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yildirim, Taner] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] UPENN, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM taner@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 53-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857808284 ER PT J AU Zhang, JZ Guo, LD Fischer, C AF Zhang, Jia-Zhong Guo, Laodong Fischer, Charles TI Chemical speciation of phosphorus in Arctic sediments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zhang, Jia-Zhong; Fischer, Charles] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Guo, Laodong] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jia-zhong.zhang@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 141-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857804294 ER PT J AU Zhou, W Wu, H Yildirim, T AF Zhou, Wei Wu, Hui Yildirim, Taner TI PHYS 478-Enhanced H2 adsorption in isostructural metal-organic frameworks with open metal sites: Strong dependence of the binding strength on metal ions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zhou, Wei; Wu, Hui; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei; Wu, Hui] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM huiwu@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 478-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857808052 ER PT J AU Irikura, KK Johnson, RD Kacker, RN Kessel, R AF Irikura, Karl K. Johnson, Russell D., III Kacker, Raghu N. Kessel, Ruediger TI Uncertainties in scaling factors for ab initio vibrational zero-point energies SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; density functional theory; electron correlations; molecular configurations; organic compounds; vibrational states ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; QUADRATIC CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; ANHARMONIC-FORCE FIELD; COUPLED-CLUSTER THEORY; CONSISTENT BASIS-SETS; THERMOCHEMICAL KINETICS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY; DISSOCIATION-ENERGIES; HARMONIC FREQUENCIES; POLYATOMIC MOLECULES AB Vibrational zero-point energies (ZPEs) determined from ab initio calculations are often scaled by empirical factors. An empirical scaling factor partially compensates for the effects arising from vibrational anharmonicity and incomplete treatment of electron correlation. These effects are not random but are systematic. We report scaling factors for 32 combinations of theory and basis set, intended for predicting ZPEs from computed harmonic frequencies. An empirical scaling factor carries uncertainty. We quantify and report, for the first time, the uncertainties associated with scaling factors for ZPE. The uncertainties are larger than generally acknowledged; the scaling factors have only two significant digits. For example, the scaling factor for B3LYP/6-31G(d) is 0.9757 +/- 0.0224 (standard uncertainty). The uncertainties in the scaling factors lead to corresponding uncertainties in predicted ZPEs. The proposed method for quantifying the uncertainties associated with scaling factors is based upon the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, published by the International Organization for Standardization. We also present a new reference set of 60 diatomic and 15 polyatomic "experimental" ZPEs that includes estimated uncertainties. C1 [Irikura, Karl K.; Johnson, Russell D., III] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kacker, Raghu N.; Kessel, Ruediger] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Irikura, KK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karl.irikura@nist.gov RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 73 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 21 PY 2009 VL 130 IS 11 AR 114102 DI 10.1063/1.3086931 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 421TE UT WOS:000264380400004 PM 19317526 ER PT J AU Smirnov, A Holben, BN Slutsker, I Giles, DM McClain, CR Eck, TF Sakerin, SM Macke, A Croot, P Zibordi, G Quinn, PK Sciare, J Kinne, S Harvey, M Smyth, TJ Piketh, S Zielinski, T Proshutinsky, A Goes, JI Nelson, NB Larouche, P Radionov, VF Goloub, P Moorthy, KK Matarrese, R Robertson, EJ Jourdin, F AF Smirnov, A. Holben, B. N. Slutsker, I. Giles, D. M. McClain, C. R. Eck, T. F. Sakerin, S. M. Macke, A. Croot, P. Zibordi, G. Quinn, P. K. Sciare, J. Kinne, S. Harvey, M. Smyth, T. J. Piketh, S. Zielinski, T. Proshutinsky, A. Goes, J. I. Nelson, N. B. Larouche, P. Radionov, V. F. Goloub, P. Moorthy, K. Krishna Matarrese, R. Robertson, E. J. Jourdin, F. TI Maritime Aerosol Network as a component of Aerosol Robotic Network SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SUN PHOTOMETER MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; SEA-SALT; SATELLITE; OCEAN; DEPTH; CLIMATOLOGY; PERFORMANCE; RETRIEVALS; VALIDATION AB The paper presents the current status of the Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN), which has been developed as a component of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). MAN deploys Microtops handheld Sun photometers and utilizes the calibration procedure and data processing (Version 2) traceable to AERONET. A web site dedicated to the MAN activity is described. A brief historical perspective is given to aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements over the oceans. A short summary of the existing data, collected on board ships of opportunity during the NASA Sensor Intercomparison and Merger for Biological and Interdisciplinary Oceanic Studies (SIMBIOS) Project is presented. Globally averaged oceanic aerosol optical depth (derived from island-based AERONET measurements) at 500 nm is similar to 0.11 and Angstrom parameter (computed within spectral range 440-870 nm) is calculated to be similar to 0.6. First results from the cruises contributing to the Maritime Aerosol Network are shown. MAN ship-based aerosol optical depth compares well to simultaneous island and near-coastal AERONET site AOD. C1 [Smirnov, A.; Holben, B. N.; Slutsker, I.; Giles, D. M.; Eck, T. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Smirnov, A.; Slutsker, I.; Giles, D. M.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [McClain, C. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ocean Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Eck, T. F.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Sakerin, S. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Opt, Siberian Branch, Tomsk 634055, Russia. [Macke, A.; Croot, P.] Univ Kiel, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Zibordi, G.] Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Sciare, J.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Kinne, S.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Harvey, M.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. [Smyth, T. J.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Piketh, S.] Univ Witwatersrand, Climatol Res Grp, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Zielinski, T.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, PL-81712 Sopot, Poland. [Proshutinsky, A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Goes, J. I.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, W Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. [Nelson, N. B.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Larouche, P.] Inst Maurice Lamontagne, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. [Radionov, V. F.] Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199397, Russia. [Goloub, P.] Univ Sci & Tech Lille, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59650 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Moorthy, K. Krishna] Vikram Sarabhai Space Ctr, Space Phys Lab, Trivandrum 695022, Kerala, India. [Matarrese, R.] Univ Bari, Dept Phys, I-70122 Bari, Italy. [Robertson, E. J.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [Jourdin, F.] Serv Hydrog & Oceanog Marine, F-29228 Brest, France. RP Smirnov, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Code 614-4,Bldg 33,Room G406, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Alexander.Smirnov-1@nasa.gov RI Smirnov, Alexander/C-2121-2009; Smyth, Tim/D-2008-2012; ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Nelson, Norman/B-7343-2014; Croot, Peter/C-8460-2009; Harvey, Mike/A-5354-2010; Matarrese, Raffaella/D-5174-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; OI Smirnov, Alexander/0000-0002-8208-1304; Nelson, Norman/0000-0003-1767-7598; Croot, Peter/0000-0003-1396-0601; Harvey, Mike/0000-0002-0979-0227; Matarrese, Raffaella/0000-0002-3923-9639; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Moorthy, K. Krishna/0000-0002-7234-3868 FU Polish national grant AERONET59 FX The authors thank Hal Maring (NASA Headquarters) for his support of AERONET. The authors would like to acknowledge managerial and operational support from W. W. Newcomb, M. Sorokin, A. Scully, A. Tran, D. A. Siegel, K. Knobelspiesse, D. Hamilton, L. Rainville, A. Jayakumar, S. Schick, and D. Menzies (USA); N. T. O'Neill, C. Bourgeault- Brunelle, and M. Palmer (Canada); M. Panchenko, O. Kopelevich, S. Gulev, D. Kabanov, S. Terpugova, V. Polkin, A. Tikhomirov, A. Sinitsyn, Y. Turchinovich, and N. Vlasov (Russia); L. Blarel, J. Nicolas, S. Devidal, L. Martinon, M. Faillot, and C. Petus (France); A. Baker and C. Powell (UK); A. Herber, Y. Zoll, A. Wassmann, and M. Heller (Germany); H. Power, T. Bromley, and R. Martin (New Zealand); J. Piskozub, J. Kowalczyk, and A. Ponczkowska (Poland); D. Williams and B. Kuyper (South Africa); J. Stamnes and S. Iversen (Norway); and K. Niranjan, S. Babu, and S. K. Satheesh (India). We thank the AERONET site managers and the SIMBIOS principal investigators for maintaining the instruments and making collection of these data possible. Jean Sciare would like to thank Institut Polaire Francais (IPEV) and the IPEV-AEROTRACE observatory program for providing technical support and infrastructure. The work of Tymon Zielinski was supported by Polish national grant AERONET59. NR 41 TC 90 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 21 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D06204 DI 10.1029/2008JD011257 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 422PH UT WOS:000264439700007 ER PT J AU Powell, CJ Jablonski, A AF Powell, C. J. Jablonski, A. TI Surface sensitivity of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Effective attenuation length; Inelastic mean free path; Mean escape depth; Surface sensitivity; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ID MEAN FREE PATHS; AUGER-ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; EFFECTIVE ATTENUATION LENGTHS; ELASTIC-SCATTERING CORRECTIONS; DIOXIDE FILM THICKNESSES; LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; 50-2000 EV RANGE; SILICON DIOXIDE; EXCITATION PARAMETER; ELEMENTAL SOLIDS AB We give an overview of four terms (the inelastic mean free path (IMFP), the effective attenuation length (EAL), the mean escape depth (MED), and the information depth (ID)) that are frequently used (and sometimes misused) in statements on the surface sensitivity of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We give definitions of each term and show how each term is intended for different applications. Misunderstanding of these terms often arises when the complicating effects of elastic scattering of the signal electrons are overlooked. As a result, numerical values of the IMFP EAL, and MED for a given material and electron energy will generally be different. Values of the EAL, MED, and ID will also depend on the elastic-scattering properties of the sample and the experimental configuration. We give information on sources of data for IMFPs, EALs, and MEDs, and present simple analytical expressions from which EALs, MEDs, and IDs can be determined. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Powell, C. J.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jablonski, A.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cedric.powell@nist.gov NR 88 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 8 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 21 PY 2009 VL 601 IS 1-2 BP 54 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.12.103 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 429KC UT WOS:000264918300006 ER PT J AU McCulloch, I Heeney, M Chabinyc, ML DeLongchamp, D Kline, RJ Coelle, M Duffy, W Fischer, D Gundlach, D Hamadani, B Hamilton, R Richter, L Salleo, A Shkunov, M Sporrowe, D Tierney, S Zhong, W AF McCulloch, Iain Heeney, Martin Chabinyc, Michael L. DeLongchamp, Dean Kline, R. Joseph Coelle, Michael Duffy, Warren Fischer, Daniel Gundlach, David Hamadani, Behrong Hamilton, Rick Richter, Lee Salleo, Alberto Shkunov, Maxim Sporrowe, David Tierney, Steven Zhong, Weimin TI Semiconducting Thienothiophene Copolymers: Design, Synthesis, Morphology, and Performance in Thin-Film Organic Transistors SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; CHARGE-CARRIER MOBILITY; CROSS-COUPLING REACTION; PI-CONJUGATED POLYMERS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); LARGE-AREA; POLYTHIOPHENE; DERIVATIVES; POLY(3-ALKYLTHIOPHENES) AB Organic semiconductors are emerging as a viable alternative to amorphous silicon in a range of thin-film transistor devices. With the possibility to formulate these p-type materials as inks and subsequently print into Patterned devices, organic-based transistors offer significant commercial advantages for manufacture, with initial applications such as low performance displays and simple logic being envisaged. Previous limitations of both air stability and electrical performance are now being overcome with a range of both small molecule and polymer-based solution-processable materials, of 0.5 cm(2) V-1 which achieve charge carrier mobilities in excess s(-1) a, benchmark value for amorphous silicon semiconductors. Polymer semiconductors based on thienothiophene copolymers have achieved amongst the highest charge carrier mobilities in solution-processed transistor devices. In this Progress Report, we evaluate the advances and limitations of this class of polymer in transistor devices. C1 [McCulloch, Iain; Hamilton, Rick] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Heeney, Martin] Queen Mary Univ London, Dept Mat, London E1 4NS, England. [Chabinyc, Michael L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [DeLongchamp, Dean; Kline, R. Joseph; Fischer, Daniel; Gundlach, David; Hamadani, Behrong; Richter, Lee] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Coelle, Michael; Duffy, Warren; Sporrowe, David; Tierney, Steven; Zhong, Weimin] Merck Chem, Southampton SO16 7QD, Hants, England. [Salleo, Alberto] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA. [Shkunov, Maxim] Univ Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. RP McCulloch, I (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM iain.mcculloch@imperial.ac.uk; m.heeney@qmul.ac.uk; mchabinyc@engineering.ucsb.edu; dean.delongchamp@nist.gov RI Duffy, Warren/C-6181-2015; Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Chabinyc, Michael/E-2387-2011; Heeney, Martin/O-1916-2013 OI Duffy, Warren/0000-0002-9878-1890; Heeney, Martin/0000-0001-6879-5020 NR 101 TC 265 Z9 265 U1 7 U2 123 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD MAR 20 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 10-11 BP 1091 EP 1109 DI 10.1002/adma.200801650 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 425UN UT WOS:000264662900007 ER PT J AU Johnson, RB Cook, MA Nicklason, PM Rust, MB AF Johnson, Ronald B. Cook, Matthew A. Nicklason, Peter M. Rust, Michael B. TI Determination of apparent protein digestibility of live Artemia and a microparticulate diet in 8-week-old Atlantic cod Gadus morhua larvae SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Protein digestibility; ADC; Marine fish larvae; Microparticulate feed; Artemia nauplii ID MARINE FISH LARVAE; HALIBUT HIPPOGLOSSUS-HIPPOGLOSSUS; FED NATURAL ZOOPLANKTON; IN-VITRO DIGESTIBILITY; AMINO-ACID-METABOLISM; NUTRIENT ASSIMILATION; BRACHIONUS-PLICATILIS; BICINCHONINIC ACID; NITROGEN-EXCRETION; DECAPSULATED CYSTS AB A technique was developed to determine apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of protein in microparticulate and live feeds for marine fish larvae. The technique is analogous to methods used for larger fish and allows for an in vivo measurement of protein digestibility by employing a spectrophotometric protein assay for protein determination and rare earth oxides as inert digestibility markers. Either a microbound microparticulate diet developed in our laboratory or Artemia nauplii were fed to 8-week-old Atlantic cod as a single 30-min feeding and fecal solids collected 6 h later. Protein ADCs for the two diets were significantly different (P=0.016) with determined ranges of 47 to 58% and 76 to 86%, (Artemia and microparticulate diets, respectively). Measured ADCs are presented as a range to account for the possibility of leaching of protein from the microparticulate diet, and the evacuation (loss) of marker from the live prey during the 30-min feeding. It is suggested that this new technique will assist researchers in selecting experimental larval feeds with the most nutritive potential for extended feeding studies. Detection limits for this technique were determined to be 8.6 mu g for protein and 0.020 and 0.038 mu g for yttrium (Y2O3) and dysprosium (Dy2O3) markers, respectively, in collected fecal solids. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Johnson, Ronald B.; Rust, Michael B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Cook, Matthew A.; Nicklason, Peter M.] Univ Idaho, Inst Aquaculture Res, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Johnson, RB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Ronald.B.johnson@noaa.gov NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAR 20 PY 2009 VL 288 IS 3-4 BP 290 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.11.033 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 425FL UT WOS:000264622300018 ER PT J AU Hill, DF Ciavola, SJ Etherington, L Klaar, MJ AF Hill, D. F. Ciavola, S. J. Etherington, L. Klaar, M. J. TI Estimation of freshwater runoff into Glacier Bay, Alaska and incorporation into a tidal circulation model SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE runoff; hydrology; tidal models; circulation; Richardson number; fjord estuarine systems ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC; GULF; PATTERNS; DISCHARGE; FLOW AB Freshwater discharge is one of the most critical parameters driving water properties within fjord estuarine environments. To date, however, little attention has been paid to the issue of freshwater runoff into, Glacier Bay, a recently deglaciated fjord in southeastern Alaska. Estimates of discharge into Glacier Bay and the outlying waters of Icy Strait and Cross Sound are therefore presented. Existing regression equations for southcentral and southeastern coastal Alaska are applied to Glacier Bay to arrive at the estimates. A limited set of acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements generally support the predictions of the regression equations. The results suggest that discharge into the bay ranges from a few hundred to a few thousand m(3) s (1) during a typical year. Peak discharges can be much higher, approximately 10,000 m(3) s (1) for the 10-year flow event. Estimates of the seasonal variation of discharge are also obtained and reveal a broad peak during the summer months. The hydrologic estimates are then coupled with a barotropic tidal circulation model (ADCIRC - ADvanced CIRCulation model) of Glacier Bay waters. This Coupling is achieved by treating the entire coastline boundary as a non-zero normal-flux boundary. Numerical simulations with the inclusion of runoff allow for the estimation of parameters such as the estuarine Richardson number, which is an indicator of estuary mixing. Simulations also allow for the comparison of Lagrangian trajectories in the presence and absence of runoff. The results of the present paper are intended to complement a comprehensive and recently-published dataset on the oceanographic conditions of Glacier Bay. The results will also guide continuing efforts to model three-dimensional circulations in the bay, (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hill, D. F.; Ciavola, S. J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Etherington, L.] Cordell Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Olema, CA 94950 USA. [Klaar, M. J.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Hill, DF (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 212 Sackett Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM dfh4@psu.edu; sciavola@borton-lawson.com; lisa.etherington@noaa.gov; mjk519@bham.ac.uk RI Hill, David/C-4569-2012 NR 28 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD MAR 20 PY 2009 VL 82 IS 1 BP 95 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2008.12.019 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 423BT UT WOS:000264472100011 ER PT J AU Lee, HC AF Lee, Hyun-Chul TI Impact of atmospheric CO2 doubling on the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; NORTHWESTERN PART; GYRE; VARIABILITY; CORE AB In order to investigate responses of the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (NPSTMW) to climate change, the impact of atmospheric CO2 doubling with 1% annual increase is examined using a coupled climate model (GFDL CM2.1). Under the CO2 forcing, the surface waters in the formation region of NPSTMW and the core layer of NPSTMW become warmer and freshener. The total volume of NPSTMW increases by about 40% due to warming. The inter-annual and decadal variability of NPSTMW is significantly correlated with the variability of the Kuroshio heat transport, and less correlated with variability of sea surface temperature and winter monsoon index in comparison with the control run. Citation: Lee, H.-C. (2009), Impact of atmospheric CO2 doubling on the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L06602, doi:10.1029/2008GL037075. C1 [Lee, Hyun-Chul] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Lee, Hyun-Chul] High Performance Technology Inc, Reston, VA USA. RP Lee, HC (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM hyun-chul.lee@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 20 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L06602 DI 10.1029/2008GL037075 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 422OV UT WOS:000264438500001 ER PT J AU Eastin, B Knill, E AF Eastin, Bryan Knill, Emanuel TI Restrictions on Transversal Encoded Quantum Gate Sets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Transversal gates play an important role in the theory of fault-tolerant quantum computation due to their simplicity and robustness to noise. By definition, transversal operators do not couple physical subsystems within the same code block. Consequently, such operators do not spread errors within code blocks and are, therefore, fault tolerant. Nonetheless, other methods of ensuring fault tolerance are required, as it is invariably the case that some encoded gates cannot be implemented transversally. This observation has led to a long-standing conjecture that transversal encoded gate sets cannot be universal. Here we show that the ability of a quantum code to detect an arbitrary error on any single physical subsystem is incompatible with the existence of a universal, transversal encoded gate set for the code. C1 [Eastin, Bryan; Knill, Emanuel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Eastin, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM beastin@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [PHY-0653596] FX We thank Adam Meier, Scott Glancy, and Yanbao Zhang for their questions and comments during the development of this proof. Special thanks go to Sergio Boixo for the discussion that spawned the idea that local error detection and infinitesimal transversal gates were incompatible. Preliminary investigations on this topic were funded by National Science Foundation Grant No. PHY-0653596. This paper is a contribution by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and, as such, is not subject to U. S. copyright. NR 16 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 20 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 11 AR 110502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.110502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 421TC UT WOS:000264380200008 PM 19392181 ER PT J AU Gorshkov, AV Rey, AM Daley, AJ Boyd, MM Ye, J Zoller, P Lukin, MD AF Gorshkov, A. V. Rey, A. M. Daley, A. J. Boyd, M. M. Ye, J. Zoller, P. Lukin, M. D. TI Alkaline-Earth-Metal Atoms as Few-Qubit Quantum Registers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ULTRACOLD ATOMS; TRANSITION; DIAMOND; CALCIUM; PHASE AB We propose and analyze a novel approach to quantum information processing, in which multiple qubits can be encoded and manipulated using electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom associated with individual alkaline-earth-metal atoms trapped in an optical lattice. Specifically, we describe how the qubits within each register can be individually manipulated and measured with subwavelength optical resolution. We also show how such few-qubit registers can be coupled to each other in optical superlattices via conditional tunneling to form a scalable quantum network. Finally, potential applications to quantum computation and precision measurements are discussed. C1 [Gorshkov, A. V.; Lukin, M. D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rey, A. M.; Boyd, M. M.; Ye, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Daley, A. J.; Zoller, P.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Rey, A. M.; Boyd, M. M.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Daley, A. J.; Zoller, P.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Gorshkov, AV (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008; Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Daley, Andrew/F-5366-2014; Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014 OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421; Daley, Andrew/0000-0001-9005-7761; Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505 FU NSF; CUA; DARPA; AFOSR; MURI; NIST; Austrian Science Foundation; EU FX We thank P. Julienne for discussions on scattering properties of Sr, and E. Demler, I. Deutsch, S. Fo r lling, L. Jiang, T. Loftus, G. Pupillo, I. Reichenbach, and A. S_rensen for discussions. This work was supported by NSF, CUA, DARPA, AFOSR MURI, NIST, Austrian Science Foundation through SFB F40, and EU Network NAMEQUAM. NR 41 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 20 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 11 AR 110503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.110503 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 421TC UT WOS:000264380200009 PM 19392182 ER PT J AU Hayes, CJ Burgess, DR AF Hayes, Carrigan J. Burgess, Donald R., Jr. TI Kinetic Barriers of H-Atom Transfer Reactions in Alkyl, Allylic, and Oxoallylic Radicals as Calculated by Composite Ab Initio Methods SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID UNIMOLECULAR DECOMPOSITION; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; METHYL BUTANOATE; OXIDATION; ISOMERIZATION; SURROGATE; DENSITY; MODEL; HYDROCARBONS; ABSTRACTION AB Composite ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) methods were used to explore internal hydrogen-atom transfers in a variety of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl and functionalized radicals with implications for combustion environments. The composite ab initio method G3MP2B3 was found to achieve the most reasonable balance between accuracy and economy in modeling the energetics of these reactions. Increased alkyl substitution reduced barriers to isomerization by about 10 and 20 kJ mol(-1) for secondary and tertiary radical formation, respectively, relative to primary radical reactions and was relatively insensitive to the transition-state ring size (extent of H-atom internal shift). Reactions involving alkenyl and alkanoyl radicals were also explored. Hydrogen-atom transfers involving allylic radical formation demonstrated barrier heights that were 15-20 kJ mol(-1) lower than those in corresponding alkyl radicals, whereas those involving oxoallylic species (alpha-site radicals of aldehydes and ketones) were 20-40 kJ mol(-1) lower. In the cases of the alkyl radicals, enthalpies of activation were seen to scale with enthalpies of reaction. This correlation was not seen, however, in the cases of the allylic and oxoallylic radicals; this fact has significant implications in combustion chemistry and mechanism development, considering that such Evans-Polanyi correlations are widely used in estimating barrier heights for rate expressions. C1 [Hayes, Carrigan J.; Burgess, Donald R., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Burgess, DR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dburgess@nist.gov NR 40 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 19 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 11 BP 2473 EP 2482 DI 10.1021/jp810147z PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 417XE UT WOS:000264111000028 PM 19281146 ER PT J AU Paul, KW Hurley, MM Irikura, KK AF Paul, Kristian W. Hurley, Margaret M. Irikura, Karl K. TI Unimolecular Decomposition of 5-Aminotetrazole and its Tautomer 5-Iminotetrazole: New Insight from Isopotential Searching SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; TETRAZOLE DERIVATIVES; DENSITY; AMINOTETRAZOLES; EXPLOSIVES; CHEMISTRY; HYDROGEN AB Aminotetrazole compounds have become attractive ingredients in gas generating compositions, solid rocket propellants, and green pyrotechnics. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of their thermal decomposition mechanisms and thermodynamics is of great interest. In this study, the specular reflection isopotential searching method was used to investigate the unimolecular decomposition mechanisms of 5-iminotetrazole (5-ITZ), 1H-5-aminotetrazole (1H-5-ATZ), and 2H-5-aminotetrazole (2H-5-ATZ). Subsequent thermochemical analysis of the unimolecular decomposition pathways was performed at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level of theory. Based upon the relative reaction barriers predicted in this study, the initial gaseous products of 5-ITZ unimolecular decomposition are HN(3),, and NH(2)CN (calculated activation barrier equal to 199.5 kJ/mol). On the other hand, the initial gaseous products of 1H-5-ATZ and 2H-5-ATZ unimolecular decomposition are predicted to be N(2) and metastable CH(3)N(3) (calculated activation barriers equal to 169.2 and 153.7 kJ/mol, respectively). These predicted unimolecular decomposition products and activation barriers are in excellent agreement with thermal decomposition experiments performed by Lesnikovich et al. [Lesnikovich, A.I., Ivashkevich, O. A.; Levchik, S. V.; Balabanovich, A. I.; Gaponik, P. N.; Kulak, A. A. Thermochim, Acta 2002, 388, 233], in which the apparent activation barriers were measured to be approximately 200 and 150 kJ/mol, respectively, for 5-ITZ and 1H-5-ATZ/2H-5-ATZ. C1 [Irikura, Karl K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Paul, Kristian W.; Hurley, Margaret M.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Paul, KW (reprint author), DuPont Crop Protect, Stine Haskell Res Ctr, Newark, DE 19714 USA. EM kristian.paul@usa.dupont.com; hurley@arl.army.mil RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 FU Army Environmental Quality Technology Program; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Army Research Laboratory FX The authors are grateful to the Army Environmental Quality Technology Program for financial support. This research was performed while K.W.P. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Army Research Laboratory. All calculations were performed at the ARL and AFRL Major Shared Resource Centers of the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program. The authors also wish to thank the referees for helpful comments. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 19 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 11 BP 2483 EP 2490 DI 10.1021/jp810359t PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 417XE UT WOS:000264111000029 PM 19236036 ER PT J AU Coskuner, O Bergeron, DE Rincon, L Hudgens, JW Gonzalez, CA AF Coskuner, Orkid Bergeron, Denis E. Rincon, Luis Hudgens, Jeffrey W. Gonzalez, Carlos A. TI Identification of Active Sites of Biomolecules II: Saccharide and Transition Metal Ion in Aqueous Solution SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; GAS-PHASE; WATER-STRUCTURE; AB-INITIO; HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTIONS; FUKUI FUNCTION; FORCE-FIELD; SOLVATION; HYDRATION AB We discuss the coordination mechanism of Fe(III) and methyl-alpha-mannopyranoside in aqueous solution using a recently presented integrated approach comprising ab initio electronic structure calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, and mass spectrometric measurements. First principles Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics (CPMD) simulations find that a single Fe(III) ion interacts with specific hydroxyl groups of the saccharide in aqueous solution. Specifically, we find that one Fe(III) ion complexed to methyl-alpha-mannopyranoside also associates with two water molecules. These simulations are in accord with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry measurements involving guided ion beam hydration measurements, which reveal an optimal coordination number of four about the Fe(III) ion. CPMD simulations identified specific intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions that have an impact on the conformation of the saccharide and on the coordination with Fe(III); in contrast, classical molecular dynamics simulations were insensitive to these effects. This study illustrates the strength of A initio molecular dynamics simulations, chemical reactivity calculations, and natural partial charge analysis coupled with mass spectrometric measurements in identifying the active sites of biomolecules toward ligands and for studying the complexation and coordination chemistry associated with substrate and ligand interactions relevant to the design of biochemical syntheses, drugs, and biomarkers in medicine. C1 [Coskuner, Orkid; Bergeron, Denis E.; Rincon, Luis; Gonzalez, Carlos A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Coskuner, Orkid] George Mason Univ, Computat Mat Sci Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Rincon, Luis] Univ Los Andes, Dept Quim, Merida 5101, Venezuela. RP Coskuner, O (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Computat Chem Grp, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8380, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM orkid.coskuner@nist.gov; jeffrey.hudgens@nist.gov; carlos.gonzalez@nist.gov RI Bergeron, Denis/I-4332-2013; Rincon, Luis/A-4604-2015; Coskuner, Orkid/O-5376-2016 OI Bergeron, Denis/0000-0003-1150-7950; Coskuner, Orkid/0000-0002-0772-9350 FU National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences FX The authors thank T. C. Allison and Y. Simon-Manso for helpful discussions. D.B. thanks the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences for a postdoctoral fellowship. NR 68 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 19 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 11 BP 2491 EP 2499 DI 10.1021/jp805747f PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 417XE UT WOS:000264111000030 PM 19236000 ER PT J AU Singh, I Themistou, E Porcar, L Neelamegham, S AF Singh, Indrajeet Themistou, Efrosyni Porcar, Lionel Neelamegham, Sriram TI Fluid Shear Induces Conformation Change in Human Blood Protein von Willebrand Factor in Solution SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HUMAN VONWILLEBRAND-FACTOR; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; GLYCOPROTEIN IB-ALPHA; A1 DOMAIN; ADAMTS13; CLEAVAGE; ADHESION; PLASMA; FLOW; SUBSTRUCTURE AB Many of the physiological functions of von Willebrand Factor (VWF), including its binding interaction with blood platelets, are regulated by the magnitude of applied fluid/hydrodynamic stress. We applied two complementary strategies to study the effect of fluid forces on the solution structure of VWF. First, small-angle neutron scattering was used to measure protein conformation changes in response to laminar shear rates (G) up to 3000/s. Here, purified VWF was sheared in a quartz Couette cell and protein conformation was measured in real time over length scales from 2-140 nm. Second, changes in VWF structure up to 9600/s were quantified by measuring the binding of a fluorescent probe 1,1'-bis(anilino)-4-,4'-bis(naphtalene)-8,8'-disulfonate (bis-ANS) to hydrophobic pockets exposed in the sheared protein. Small angle neutron scattering studies, coupled with quantitative modeling, showed that VWF undergoes structural changes at G < 3000/s. These changes were most prominent at length scales <10 nm (scattering vector (q) range >0.6/nm). A mathematical model attributes these changes to the rearrangement of domain level features within the globular section of the protein. Studies with bis-ANS demonstrated marked increase in bis-ANS binding at G > 2300/s. Together, the data suggest that local rearrangements at the domain level may precede changes at larger-length scales that accompany exposure of protein hydrophobic pockets. Changes in VWF conformation reported here likely regulate protein function in response to fluid shear. C1 [Singh, Indrajeet; Themistou, Efrosyni; Neelamegham, Sriram] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Neelamegham, S (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM neel@eng.buffalo.edu RI singh, indrajeet/A-2072-2015; OI Neelamegham, Sriram/0000-0002-1371-8500 FU National Institutes of Health [HL77259, HL77261]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants HL77259 and HL77261. The NIST neutron research facility used in this work is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 33 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 17 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD MAR 18 PY 2009 VL 96 IS 6 BP 2313 EP 2320 DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.3900 PG 8 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 450BT UT WOS:000266376700027 PM 19289057 ER PT J AU Chokshi, U Selvam, P Porcar, L da Rocha, SRP AF Chokshi, Udayan Selvam, Parthiban Porcar, Lionel da Rocha, Sandro R. P. TI Reverse aqueous emulsions and microemulsions in HFA227 propellant stabilized by non-ionic ethoxylated amphiphiles SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS LA English DT Article DE Inhalation; pMDI; HFAs; Novel; Formulations; Microemulsions; Emulsions; SANS ID METERED-DOSE INHALERS; IN-FLUOROCARBON EMULSIONS; PULMONARY DRUG-DELIVERY; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; HYDROFLUOROALKANE PROPELLANTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HFC 134A; SURFACTANT MICROEMULSIONS; FLUORINATED AMPHIPHILES; HFA134A-WATER INTERFACE AB In this work we use in situ high-pressure tensiometry to screen non-ionic ethoxylated surfactants at the 1,1,12,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFA227) propellant vertical bar Water (HFA227 vertical bar W) interface. The EO(n)PO(similar to 30)EO(n) series, where EO stands for ethylene oxide and PO for propylene oxide, and n the number of repeat EO units, was selected for this study based on the favorable interactions reported between HFA propellants and the PO moiety. The surfactants used in FDA-approved pressurized metered-dose inhaler formulations were also investigated. Tension measurements provide not only information on the relative activity of the different surfactants in the series, but they also serve as a guide for selecting an appropriate candidate for the formation of reverse aggregates based on the surfactant natural curvature. Moreover, the effect of ethanol and the chemistry of the surfactant tail group on the surfactant activity were also investigated. Surfactants with hydrogenated tails are not capable of forming stable water-in-HFA227 mictoemulsions. This is true even at very low tensions observed when in the presence of ethanol, indicating the lack of affinity between HFA227 and hydrogenated moieties-the surfactant does not tend to curve about water. On the other hand, PO-based amphiphiles can significantly reduce the tension of the HFA227 vertical bar W interface. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and UV-vis spectroscopy results also reveal that a selected ethoxylated amphiphile (EO(13)PO(30)EO(13) at 1 mM concentration), when in the presence of ethanol, is capable of forming stable cylindrical reverse aqueous microemulsions. EO(13)PO(30)EO(13) is also capable of forming emulsions of water-in-HFA227 that are fairly stable against coalescence. Such dispersions are potential candidates for the delivery of small polar solutes and larger therapeutic biomolecules to and through the lungs in the form of pMDI formulations, and in other medical sprays. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chokshi, Udayan; Selvam, Parthiban; da Rocha, Sandro R. P.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP da Rocha, SRP (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM sdr@eng.wayne.edu RI da Rocha, Sandro/F-6890-2014; da Rocha, Sandro /M-2369-2016 NR 69 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-5173 J9 INT J PHARM JI Int. J. Pharm. PD MAR 18 PY 2009 VL 369 IS 1-2 BP 176 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.10.025 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 424UN UT WOS:000264593900025 PM 19028557 ER PT J AU Smith, WHF Scharroo, R AF Smith, Walter H. F. Scharroo, Remko TI Mesoscale ocean dynamics observed by satellite altimeters in non-repeat orbits SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We compare sea surface height anomalies observed by satellite altimeters in exact repeat mission orbits to anomalies observed by altimeters in geodetic or drifting orbits. One experiment compares data from the drift of TOPEX between its Tandem and Interleaved missions to repeat-orbit data from Jason-1, ERS-2 and GFO. A second experiment compares data from the ERS-1 non-repeating Geodetic Phases E and F to the repeating TOPEX data. Both studies cover the North Atlantic from 0 degrees to 82 degrees Wand 15 degrees to 55 degrees N in order to sample both the Gulf Stream and quieter regions. Height anomalies are obtained along repeat and non-repeat orbits alike by use of a mean sea surface model. Each experiment is performed twice, once with the EGM2008 and once with the DNSC08 models, showing that the results are model-independent; DNSC08 yields an insignificant 2 mm lower RMS misfit. To compare anomalies between repeat and non-repeat orbits with different spatio-temporal sampling we grid the 1-Hz along-track point data and interpolate the grid to point values. RMS differences between grids and point values are around 4 cm in quiet areas and 6 cm over the entire region, with negligible difference between misfits to repeat and non-repeat data. A mapped sea surface height anomaly grid built solely from ERS-1 geodetic data captures at least 85% of the variance in repeat-track TOPEX point data. From these results we can conclude that altimeters in suitable non-repeating orbits are as useful for mesoscale oceanographic studies as are repeat orbit missions. Citation: Smith, W. H. F., and R. Scharroo (2009), Mesoscale ocean dynamics observed by satellite altimeters in non-repeat orbits, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L06601, doi: 10.1029/ 2008GL036530. C1 [Smith, Walter H. F.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Scharroo, Remko] Altimetr LLC, Cornish, NH 03745 USA. RP Smith, WHF (reprint author), NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, E-RA31,1335 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM walter.hf.smith@noaa.gov; remko@altimetrics.com RI Scharroo, Remko/F-5623-2010; Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010 OI Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 17 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L06601 DI 10.1029/2008GL036530 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 422OS UT WOS:000264438200001 ER PT J AU Zhang, R Delworth, TL AF Zhang, Rong Delworth, Thomas L. TI A new method for attributing climate variations over the Atlantic Hurricane Basin's main development region SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; INTENSITY; RAINFALL; MODELS AB We propose a new approach to decompose observed climate variations over the Atlantic Hurricane Basin's main development region ( MDR) into components attributable to radiative forcing changes and to internal oceanic variability. Our attribution suggests that the observed multidecadal anomalies of vertical shear (Uz) and a simple index of maximum potential intensity (SIMPI) for tropical cyclones are both dominated by internal variability, consistent with multidecadal variations of Atlantic Hurricane activity; changes in radiative forcing led to increasing Uz and decreasing SIMPI since the late 50's, unfavorable for Atlantic Hurricane activity. Physically, at least for the GFDL model, sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies induced by ocean heat transport variations are more efficient in producing negative Uz anomalies than that induced by altered radiative forcing. Citation: Zhang, R., and T. L. Delworth (2009), A new method for attributing climate variations over the Atlantic Hurricane Basin's main development region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L06701, doi: 10.1029/2009GL037260. C1 [Zhang, Rong; Delworth, Thomas L.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Zhang, R (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM rong.zhang@noaa.gov RI Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014 OI Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 17 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L06701 DI 10.1029/2009GL037260 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 422OS UT WOS:000264438200004 ER PT J AU Hong, G Yang, P Baum, BA Heymsfield, AJ Weng, FZ Liu, QH Heygster, G Buehler, SA AF Hong, Gang Yang, Ping Baum, Bryan A. Heymsfield, Andrew J. Weng, Fuzhong Liu, Quanhua Heygster, Georg Buehler, Stefan A. TI Scattering database in the millimeter and submillimeter wave range of 100-1000 GHz for nonspherical ice particles SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; MICROWAVE RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; CLOUD MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; CIRRUS CLOUD; ABSORPTION PROPERTIES; WATER PATH; AMSU-B; MODIS; CRYSTALS; RETRIEVALS AB The inference of ice cloud properties from spaceborne sensors is sensitive to the retrieval algorithms and satellite sensors used. To approach a better understanding of ice cloud properties, it is necessary to combine satellite measurements from multiple platforms and sensors operating in visible, infrared, and millimeter and submillimeter-wave regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The single-scattering properties of ice particles with consistent ice particle models are the basis for estimating the optical and microphysical properties of ice clouds from multiple satellite sensors. In this study, the single-scattering properties (extinction efficiency, absorption efficiency, single-scattering albedo, asymmetry factor, and scattering phase matrix) of nonspherical ice particles, assumed to be hexagonal solid and hollow columns, hexagonal plates, 3D bullet rosettes, aggregates, and droxtals, are computed from the discrete dipole approximation method for 21 millimeter and submillimeter-wave frequencies ranging from 100 to 1000 GHz. A database of the single-scattering properties of nonspherical ice particles are developed for 38 particle sizes ranging from 2 to 2000 mm in terms of particle maximum dimension. The bulk scattering properties of ice clouds consisting of various ice particles, which are the fundamental to the radiative transfer in ice clouds, are developed on the basis of a set of 1119 particle size distributions obtained from various field campaigns. C1 [Hong, Gang; Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Baum, Bryan A.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Heymsfield, Andrew J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA NESDIS, Satellite Meteorol & Climatol Div, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Liu, Quanhua] NOAA NESDIS, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Liu, Quanhua] QSS Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Heygster, Georg] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. [Buehler, Stefan A.] Lulea Univ Technol, Dept Space Sci, SE-98128 Kiruna, Sweden. RP Hong, G (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, TAMU 3150, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM hong@ariel.met.tamu.edu RI Buehler, Stefan Alexander/A-4056-2009; Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010; Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011; Heymsfield, Andrew/E-7340-2011; Hong, Gang/A-2323-2012; Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008 OI Buehler, Stefan Alexander/0000-0001-6389-1160; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179; Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767; Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM-0239605]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [DG133E07SE3473/NEED2000-7-15205] FX The authors thank B. T. Draine and P.J. Flatau for providing their well-documented DDA. We also thank the three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. Ping Yang's work is supported by a National Science Foundation (NSF) grant (ATM-0239605) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under contract DG133E07SE3473/NEED2000-7-15205. NR 81 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 17 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D06201 DI 10.1029/2008JD010451 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 422PC UT WOS:000264439200001 ER PT J AU Chen, LJ Gu, XH Fasolka, MJ Martin, JW Nguyen, T AF Chen, Lijiang Gu, Xiaohong Fasolka, Michael J. Martin, Jonathan W. Nguyen, Tinh TI Effects of Humidity and Sample Surface Free Energy on AFM Probe-Sample Interactions and Lateral Force Microscopy Image Contrast SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; CAPILLARY FORCE; FRICTION FORCE; NANOASPERITY CONTACTS; ADHESION FORCES; TAPPING MODE; THIN-FILMS; WATER; CONDENSATION AB Contrast between hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains and probe-sample adhesion forces as a function of relative humidity (RH) and sample surface free energy have been investigated using hydrophilic and hydrophobic atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes. For hydrophobic probes, the adhesion force is low, and the AFM image contrast between hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains is poor over the 0-93% RH. For hydrophilic probes, the image contrast between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains is poor at low RH but improved at high RH. This image contrast change is related to adhesion force differences between the two domains. In turn, the enhanced adhesion and image contrasts at elevated RH are attributed to capillary forces, which are large over the hydrophilic domains but greatly diminished over the hydrophobic domains. The adhesion force increases slightly with sample surface free energy at low RH, but increases rapidly with increasing sample surface free energy at high RH. The results indicate that for AFM in air, tailoring the RH of the probe-sample environment and utilizing a hydrophilic probe can enhance imaging of materials chemical heterogeneity with nanoscale spatial resolution. C1 [Chen, Lijiang; Gu, Xiaohong; Fasolka, Michael J.; Martin, Jonathan W.; Nguyen, Tinh] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nguyen, T (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tinh.nguyen@nist.gov FU KIST Polymers Division FX The authors thank Dr. Duangrut Julthongpiput, formerly with the KIST Polymers Division, for assistance in preparing the patterned SAM specimens. NR 63 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 17 PY 2009 VL 25 IS 6 BP 3494 EP 3503 DI 10.1021/la8037928 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 418JR UT WOS:000264145000029 PM 19708241 ER PT J AU McMorran, BJ Cronin, AD AF McMorran, Benjamin J. Cronin, Alexander D. TI An electron Talbot interferometer SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GRATING INTERFEROMETER; LITHOGRAPHY; DIFFRACTION; LENS AB We report the first demonstration of a Talbot interferometer for electrons. The interferometer was used to image the Talbot carpet behind a nano-fabricated material grating. The Talbot interferometer design uses two identical gratings, and is particularly sensitive to distortions of the incident wavefronts. To illustrate this we used our interferometer to measure the curvature of concave wavefronts in a weakly focused electron beam. We describe how this wavefront curvature demagnified the Talbot revivals, and we discuss further applications for electron Talbot interferometers. C1 [McMorran, Benjamin J.; Cronin, Alexander D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP McMorran, BJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Electron Phys Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mcmorran@nist.gov RI Cronin, Alexander/C-4039-2013; McMorran, Benjamin/G-9954-2016 OI McMorran, Benjamin/0000-0001-7207-1076 FU National Science Foundation [PHY-0653623]; University of Arizona FX We acknowledge Manjul Shah at Princeton Instruments for the loan of the PIXIS imaging detector, Tim Savas at MIT for fabricating the gratings, and Mark Robertson-Tessi and Grady Weyenberg for helping to construct the electron beam apparatus. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation grant number PHY-0653623, and by the University of Arizona. NR 28 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD MAR 17 PY 2009 VL 11 AR 033021 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/11/3/033021 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 421GU UT WOS:000264348200001 ER PT J AU Karimi, S Reaney, IM Levin, I Sterianou, I AF Karimi, S. Reaney, I. M. Levin, I. Sterianou, I. TI Nd-doped BiFeO3 ceramics with antipolar order SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PEROVSKITES; DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL AB Bi1-xNdxFeO3 (0 <= x <= 0.2) ceramics have been investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron diffraction (ED). XRD patterns for x <= 0.1 were consistent with rhombohedral BiFeO3, whereas those for x=0.15 and x=0.2 exhibited peak splitting and superlattice reflections representative of orthorhombic, antiferroelectric PbZrO3. ED for the latter samples confirmed the presence of 1/4(hk0) superlattice reflections typical of a PbZrO3-like structure but additional superlattice reflections were observed at 1/4(00l) yielding a root 2a, 2 root 2a, 4a (where a is the pseudocubic lattice parameter) unit cell. The transition from rhombohedral BiFeO3 to the PbZrO3-like structure implies a modification from polar to antipolar behavior. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3097222] C1 [Karimi, S.; Reaney, I. M.; Sterianou, I.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Engn, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. [Levin, I.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Karimi, S (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Engn, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. EM i.m.reaney@sheffield.ac.uk RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 NR 15 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 3 U2 65 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2009 VL 94 IS 11 AR 112903 DI 10.1063/1.3097222 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 421TD UT WOS:000264380300056 ER PT J AU Read, JC Cha, JJ Egelhoff, WF Tseng, HW Huang, PY Li, Y Muller, DA Buhrman, RA AF Read, J. C. Cha, Judy J. Egelhoff, William F., Jr. Tseng, H. W. Huang, P. Y. Li, Y. Muller, David A. Buhrman, R. A. TI High magnetoresistance tunnel junctions with Mg-B-O barriers and Ni-Fe-B free electrodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE boron alloys; boron compounds; cobalt alloys; crystal structure; iron alloys; magnesium compounds; nickel alloys; scanning tunnelling spectroscopy; tunnelling magnetoresistance ID SPIN-TRANSFER-TORQUE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE AB The use of boron-alloyed electrodes with the radio frequency (rf) sputter deposition of MgO yields magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with Mg-B-O tunnel barriers. After annealing, such MTJs can exhibit very high tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) in the thin (similar to 1.0 nm) barrier regime. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy of Mg-B-O layers reveals a better defined, but smaller band gap in comparison to that of thin MgO. We produced Fe60Co20B20/Mg-B-O/Ni65Fe15B20 MTJs where after a 350 degrees C annealing the Ni-Fe-B free electrode crystallizes into a highly textured (001)-normal body centered cubic (bcc) crystal structure and the MTJs achieve 155% TMR. C1 [Read, J. C.; Cha, Judy J.; Tseng, H. W.; Huang, P. Y.; Li, Y.; Muller, David A.; Buhrman, R. A.] Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Egelhoff, William F., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Read, J. C.; Cha, Judy J.; Tseng, H. W.; Huang, P. Y.; Li, Y.; Muller, David A.; Buhrman, R. A.] Cornell Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Read, JC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jcr33@cornell.edu RI Cha, Judy /H-5483-2011; Muller, David/A-7745-2010 OI Muller, David/0000-0003-4129-0473 FU Cornell Center for Materials Research, a National Science Foundation (NSF) Materials Research Science and Engineering Center; Center for Nanoscale Systems; Semiconductor Research Corporation; Office of Naval Research FX The authors thank P J. Chen and Audie Castillo of NIST for assistance with CIPT measurements, Derek Stewart of the Cornell Nanoscale Facility for helpifil discussions, and Daniel Worledge and Eileen Galligan of IBM, Yorktown Heights and Phil Mather and Jon Slaughter of Everspin for helpful discussions regarding CIPT measurements and for measurements of initial MTJ structures. This research was supported by the Cornell Center for Materials Research, a National Science Foundation (NSF) Materials Research Science and Engineering Center. Support was also provided by the Center for Nanoscale Systems, which is a NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, the Semiconductor Research Corporation, and the Office of Naval Research. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2009 VL 94 IS 11 AR 112504 DI 10.1063/1.3095595 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 421TD UT WOS:000264380300048 ER PT J AU Thomann, I Bahabad, A Liu, X Trebino, R Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC AF Thomann, I. Bahabad, A. Liu, X. Trebino, R. Murnane, M. M. Kapteyn, H. C. TI Characterizing isolated attosecond pulses from hollow-core waveguides using multi-cycle driving pulses SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-HARMONIC-GENERATION; X-RAY GENERATION; NONLINEAR OPTICS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; LASER-PULSES; FIELDS; RADIATION; IONIZATION AB The generation of attosecond-duration light pulses using the high-order harmonic generation process is a rapidly evolving area of research. In this work, we combine experimental measurements with careful numerical analysis, to demonstrate that even relatively long-duration, 15 fs, carrier-envelope-phase (CEP) unstabilized near-infrared (NIR) pulses can generate isolated attosecond extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) pulses by the dynamically-changing phase matching conditions in a hollow-core waveguide geometry. The measurements are made using the laser-assisted photoelectric effect to cross-correlate the EUV pulse with the NIR pulse. A FROG CRAB analysis of the resulting traces (photoelectron signal versus photoelectron energy and EUV-NIR delay) is performed using a generalized projections (GP) algorithm, adapted for a wide-angle photoelectron detection geometry and non-CEP stabilized driving laser pulses. In addition, we performed direct FROG CRAB simulations under the same conditions. Such direct simulations allow more freedom to explore the effect of specific pulse parameters on FROG CRAB traces than is possible using the automated GP retrieval algorithm. Our analysis shows that an isolated pulse with duration of approximate to 200 attoseconds can result from CEP unstabilized, high intensity approximate to 15 fs multi-cycle driving pulses coupled into a hollow-core waveguide filled with low-pressure Argon gas. These are significantly longer driving pulses than used in other experimental implementations of isolated attosecond pulses. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Thomann, I.; Bahabad, A.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Thomann, I.; Bahabad, A.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Liu, X.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Thomann, I (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Isabell.Thomann@Colorado.edu RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Thomann, Isabell/F-1245-2014 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; FU National Science Foundation Physics Frontier Center; Engineering Research Center in EUV Science and Technology FX We thank Farhad Salmassi, Andy Aquila, and Yanwei Liu for fabricating the EUV mirror. The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation Physics Frontier Center and Engineering Research Center in EUV Science and Technology. NR 56 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 25 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 16 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 6 BP 4611 EP 4633 DI 10.1364/OE.17.004611 PG 23 WC Optics SC Optics GA 426ZK UT WOS:000264747300044 PM 19293890 ER PT J AU Connor, LN Laxon, SW Ridout, AL Krabill, WB McAdoo, DC AF Connor, Laurence N. Laxon, Seymour W. Ridout, Andrew L. Krabill, William B. McAdoo, David C. TI Comparison of Envisat radar and airborne laser altimeter measurements over Arctic sea ice SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Satellite altimetry; Radar altimeter; Laser altimetry; Sea ice thickness; Snow depth ID PROCESSING SCHEME; THICKNESS; MOTION; OCEAN; COVER; SHEET; MAPS AB Sea ice thickness is a crucial, but very undersampled cryospheric parameter of fundamental importance for climate modeling. Advances in satellite altimetry have enabled the measurement of sea ice freeboard using satellite microwave altimeters. Unfortunately, validation of these new techniques has suffered from a lack of ground truth measurements. Therefore, an airborne campaign was carried out in March 2006 using laser altimetry and photo imagery to validate sea ice elevation measurements derived from the Envisat/RA-2 microwave altimeter. We present a comparative analysis of Envisat/RA-2 sea ice elevation processing with collocated airborne measurements collected north of the Canadian Archipelago. Consistent overall relationships between block-averaged airborne laser and Envisat elevations are found, over both leads and floes, along the full 1300 km aircraft track. The fine resolution of the airborne laser altimeter data is exploited to evaluate elevation variability within the RA-2 ground footprint. Our analysis shows good agreement between RA-2 derived sea ice elevations and those measured by airborne laser altimetry, particularly over refrozen leads where the overall mean difference is about I cm. Notwithstanding this small 1 cm mean difference. we identify a larger elevation uncertainty (of order 10 cm) associated with the uncertain location of dominant radar targets within the particular RA-2 footprint. Sources of measurement uncertainty or ambiguity are identified, and include snow accumulation, tracking noise, and the limited coverage of airborne measurements. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Connor, Laurence N.; McAdoo, David C.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, SSMC1, E RA31, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Laxon, Seymour W.; Ridout, Andrew L.] UCL, Ctr Polar Observ & Modelling, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Krabill, William B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. RP Connor, LN (reprint author), NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, SSMC1, E RA31, 1335 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Laurence.Connor@noaa.gov RI Laxon, Seymour/C-1644-2008; McAdoo, Dave/F-5612-2010; Connor, Laurence/E-7930-2011 OI McAdoo, Dave/0000-0002-7533-5564; Connor, Laurence/0000-0002-5276-6257 FU NASA P-3 Aircrew; NOAA; NASA FX The authors wish to thank the NASA P-3 Aircrew for their support during the AAA 2006 Campaign and Serdar Manizade and Chreston Martin for their expertise and assistance with the ATM data processing. The March 27, 2006 AAA flight was supported by NOAA and NASA. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 26 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 16 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 3 BP 563 EP 570 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.10.015 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 406PV UT WOS:000263308300009 ER PT J AU Tomlinson, MC Wynne, TT Stumpf, RP AF Tomlinson, M. C. Wynne, T. T. Stumpf, R. P. TI An evaluation of remote sensing techniques for enhanced detection of the toxic dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Karenia brevis; Gulf of Mexico; Harmful algae; Remote sensing; Detection; SeaWiFS; MODIS ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; WEST FLORIDA SHELF; WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; OCEAN COLOR IMAGERY; RED-TIDE; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; REFLECTANCE MODEL; SENSED DATA; PHYTOPLANKTON AB Optical techniques were investigated to enhance current bloom detection capabilities in support of an operational system for forecasting harmful Karenia brevis blooms along the west coast of Florida. within the Gulf of Mexico. Algorithms pertaining to backscatter and changes in spectral shape of remote-sensing reflectance were applied to SeaWiFS and MODIS imagery during known K. brevis and non-K. brevis events. A method to remove resuspended chlorophyll in Texas showed limited use when applied to several scenes following tropical storms off the west Florida coast. This analysis suggests that an ensemble image approach, wherein a combination of a chlorophyll anomaly, spectral shape at 490 nm and a backscatter ratio product would provide an improvement in satellite detection of K. brevis blooms. For southwest Florida, the combination of these methods through an ensemble approach may lead to an increase in user accuracy by 30-50%, as a result of correctly identifying non-K. brevis features. Where available, MODIS FLH scenes were analyzed to determine their use in K. brevis detection. However, insufficient imagery was available to make a fair assessment. Similar approaches could be applied to bloom tracking and monitoring in other regions. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Tomlinson, M. C.; Stumpf, R. P.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Wynne, T. T.] IM Syst Grp Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Tomlinson, MC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Michelle.Tomlinson@noaa.gov FU NASA Earth Science Enterprise [NRA-03-OES-02 (NNH04AB401)] FX The authors would like to thank Sherwin Ladner, Juanita Sandidge and the ocean color program at NRL for assistance in processing the MODIS imagery. Without the extensive Karenia brevis and Trichodesmium spp. data maintained by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute in the "red tide historical" database (http://research.myfwc.com), and provided by Earnest Truby and Cynthia Heil, this work would not have been possible. In addition, we would like to thankJennifer Cannizzaro for providing the software and invaluable advice regarding the application of the backscattering algorithm Also, we extend thanks to our colleague, John Christensen, who provided his guidance regarding the statistics used and further improved the manuscript. Finally, thank you to our reviewers, whose extensive comments provided for a more robust manuscript. This project was partially funded by NASA Earth Science Enterprise NRA-03-OES-02 (NNH04AB401). NR 46 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 16 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 3 BP 598 EP 609 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.11.003 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 406PV UT WOS:000263308300012 ER PT J AU Wang, MH Son, S Shi, W AF Wang, Menghua Son, SeungHyun Shi, Wei TI Evaluation of MODIS SWIR and NIR-SWIR atmospheric correction algorithms using SeaBASS data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ocean color remote Sensing; Atmospheric correction for turbid waters; Algorithm validation ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; OCEAN COLOR IMAGERY; TURBID WATERS; SEAWIFS; REFLECTANCE; VALIDATION; COASTAL AB Using the NASA maintained ocean optical and biological in situ data that were collected during 2002-2005, we have evaluated the performance of atmospheric correction algorithms for the ocean color products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Aqua. Specifically, algorithms using the MODIS shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands and an approach using the near-infrared (NIR) and SWIR combined method are evaluated, compared to the match-up results from the NASA standard algorithm (using the NIR bands). The in situ data for the match-up analyses were collected mostly from non-turbid ocean waters. It is critical to assess and understand the algorithm performance for deriving MODIS ocean color products, providing science and user communities with the important data quality information. Results show that, although the SWIR method for data processing has generally reduced the bias errors, the noise errors are increased due mainly to significantly lower sensor signal-noise ratio (SNR) values for the MODIS SWIR bands, as well as the increased uncertainties using the SWIR method for the atmospheric correction. This has further demonstrated that future ocean color satellite sensors will require significantly improved sensor SNR performance for the SWIR bands. The NIR-SWIR combined method, for which the non-turbid and turbid ocean waters are processed using the NIR and SWIR method, respectively, has been shown to produce improved ocean color products. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Wang, Menghua; Son, SeungHyun; Shi, Wei] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Son, SeungHyun] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. [Shi, Wei] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,Room 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010; Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 FU NASA; NOAA FX This research was supported by the NASA and NOAA funding and grants. The authors are grateful to the all scientists who have contributed valuable data to SeaBASS database; for this study, the in situ data were contributed by Annick Bricaud, William Balch, Ken Carder, Francisco Chavez, Carlos Garcia, Greg Mitchell, Norman Nelson, David Siegel, and Rick Stumpf We also thank the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group for maintaining and distributing the SeaBASS database. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. The MODIS L1B data and Level-2 ocean color products were obtained from NASA/GSFC MODAPS Services website and Ocean Color website, respectively. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 27 TC 125 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 16 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 3 BP 635 EP 644 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.11.005 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 406PV UT WOS:000263308300015 ER PT J AU Winchester, MR Turk, GC Butler, TA Oatts, TJ Coleman, C Nadratowski, D Sud, R Hoover, MD Stefaniak, AB AF Winchester, Michael R. Turk, Gregory C. Butler, Therese A. Oatts, Thomas J. Coleman, Charles Nadratowski, Donald Sud, Ritu Hoover, Mark D. Stefaniak, Aleksandr B. TI Certification of Beryllium Mass Fraction in SRM 1877 Beryllium Oxide Powder Using High-Performance Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry with Exact Matching SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ANALYTE INTERNAL STANDARDIZATION; HIGH-ACCURACY DETERMINATION; ICP-OES; SPECTROSCOPY; DISEASE; SENSITIZATION; UNCERTAINTIES; TRACEABILITY; QUANTITATION; 0.2-PERCENT AB High-performance inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (HP-ICP-OES) was used to certify the Be mass fraction in National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1877 Beryllium Oxide Powder. The certified value and expanded uncertainty expressed at a 95% confidence level is (0.3576 +/- 0.0024) g/g. To obtain best results, the Be mass fractions, Mn (internal standard) mass fractions, and matrix compositions of the calibration solutions were carefully matched to those of the sample solutions for each individual HP-ICP-OES analysis. This "exact matching" approach was used because experience at NIST has shown that it often affords improved accuracy and precision in HP-ICP-OES analysis. NIST has never published these observations. Due to the toxicity of BeO and the difficulty of containing the very fine powder material, sets of solutions for HP-ICP-OES analysis were prepared by laboratories collaborating with NIST who have the experience and equipment needed to work with the material safely. Each laboratory utilized a unique digestion protocol(s). After preparing the sets of solutions, the collaborating laboratories shipped them to NIST for HP-ICP-OES analysis. NIST provided the collaborating laboratories with solution preparation kits and spreadsheets to help establish traceability of the HP-ICP-OES results to the International System of Units (SI) and to allow exact matching to be accomplished. ne agreement observed among the four individual Be mass fraction values determined from the sets of solutions prepared by the collaborating laboratories was 0.074% relative (1 s of mean). The excellent agreement provides a measure of confidence in the robustness of each of the digestion procedures, as well as in the certified Be mass fraction value. The analytical benefits of using exact matching for this particular certification were investigated. Results show that exactly matching the matrix compositions of the standards to the samples for each HP-ICP-OES analysis was critical to obtaining the excellent agreement observed among the individual Be mass fraction values and also helped to minimize bias and uncertainty in the certified value. Unlike previous NIST studies, exactly matching the Be and Mn mass fractions of the standards to the samples for this particular certification appears to have had little effect on the data. C1 [Winchester, Michael R.; Turk, Gregory C.; Butler, Therese A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Oatts, Thomas J.] Analyt Chem Org, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Nadratowski, Donald; Sud, Ritu] Bur Veritas N Amer Inc, Novi, MI 48375 USA. [Hoover, Mark D.; Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.] NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Winchester, MR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mrw@nist.gov RI Stefaniak, Aleksandr/I-3616-2012; Hoover, Mark/I-4201-2012 OI Hoover, Mark/0000-0002-8726-8127 FU U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration (Washington, DC) FX The authors thank L. D. Welch (Y-12 National Security Complex, Oak Ridge, TN), D. J. Weitzman (DOE, Germantown, MD), and S. D. Johnson (U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration, Washington, DC) for logistical support. The authors also acknowledge D. Sbarra (NIOSH, Morgantown, WV) for performing the characterization of the moisture behavior of the SRM 1877 material, M. Duling (NIOSH, Morgantown, WV) for performing characterization of the primary particle size distribution of SRM 1877, T. Civic and K. Kampfer (Brush Wellman, Inc., Elmore, OH) for the production and bottling of SRM 1877, R. M. Dickerson (Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM) for performing transmission electron microscopy, G. A. Day (NIOSH, Morgantown, WV) and M. P. Cronise (NIST, Gaithersburg, MD) for technical support, and S. D. Leigh (NIST Statistical Engineering Division, Gaithersburg, MD) for statistical support. The development and certification of SRM 1877 was sponsored by the U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration (Washington, DC). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 15 PY 2009 VL 81 IS 6 BP 2208 EP 2217 DI 10.1021/ac802251n PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 418IN UT WOS:000264142000023 PM 19209906 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Yang, Z Hu, YF Huang, Q Lowhorn, N Otani, M Kaduk, JA Li, Q AF Wong-Ng, W. Yang, Z. Hu, Y. F. Huang, Q. Lowhorn, N. Otani, M. Kaduk, J. A. Li, Q. TI Thermoelectric and structural characterization of Ba2Ho(Cu3-xCox)O6+y SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE barium compounds; crystal structure; electrical resistivity; high-temperature effects; holmium compounds; Seebeck effect; thermal conductivity; thermal stability ID SUBSTITUTED YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MERIT; BA2YCU3O7-DELTA; PEROVSKITE; ANOMALIES; CA3CO2O6; FIGURE; OXIDES; CHAINS AB The search for thermoelectric materials for power generation and for solid-state cooling has led to increased interest of layered cobalt-containing oxides because of their thermal stability at high temperature and their desirable thermoelectric properties. This paper examines the effect of substitution of Co in the layered pervoskite Ba2Ho(Cu3-xCox)O6+y (x=0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 1.0). Structural analysis using the neutron Rietveld refinement technique reveals that when x <= 0.4, Co substitutes mainly for Cu in the "chain sites" of the Ba2Ho(Cu3-xCox)O6+y structure. As x>0.4, Co also enters in the Cu-O "plane sites" as well. The thermoelectric properties of polycrystalline Ba2Ho(Cu3-xCox)O6+y samples were studied in the temperature range of 10-390 K. In general, as the cobalt content x increases, the resistivity and Seebeck coefficient of these samples increase while the thermal conductivity decreases. Among the five Ba2Ho(Cu3-xCox)O6+y compositions, the x=0.4 member gives the highest figure of merit ZT of approximate to 0.02 at approximately 270 K. C1 [Wong-Ng, W.; Yang, Z.; Huang, Q.; Lowhorn, N.; Otani, M.] NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hu, Y. F.; Li, Q.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kaduk, J. A.] INEOS Res Ctr, Naperville, IL 60566 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 6 AR 063706 DI 10.1063/1.3078810 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 427IW UT WOS:000264774000100 ER PT J AU Laesecke, A AF Laesecke, Arno TI Comments on "Excess molar volumes and excess viscosities for mixtures of N,N-dimethylformamide with methanol, ethanol and 2-propanol at different temperatures" by M. M. H. Bhuiyan and M. H. Uddin, J. Mol. Liquids, 138(2008)1-3, 139-146 SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS LA English DT Article ID BINARY-MIXTURES C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Laesecke, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Arno.Laesecke@Boulder.NIST.Gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7322 J9 J MOL LIQ JI J. Mol. Liq. PD MAR 15 PY 2009 VL 145 IS 1 BP 51 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.molliq.2008.12.003 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 423PS UT WOS:000264508800011 ER PT J AU Durre, I Williams, CN Yin, XG Vose, RS AF Durre, Imke Williams, Claude N., Jr. Yin, Xungang Vose, Russell S. TI Radiosonde-based trends in precipitable water over the Northern Hemisphere: An update SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE; ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; TEMPERATURE TRENDS; SURFACE HUMIDITY; CLIMATE; VAPOR; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; QUALITY; BIASES AB In an effort to update previous analyses of long-term changes in column-integrated water vapor, we have analyzed trends in surface-to-500-hPa precipitable water (PW) calculated from radiosonde measurements of dew point depression, temperature, and pressure at approximately 300 stations in the Northern Hemisphere for the period 1973-2006. Inhomogeneities were addressed by applying a homogenization algorithm that adjusts for both documented and undocumented change points. The trends of the adjusted PW time series are predominantly upward, with a statistically significant trend of 0.45 mm decade(-1) for the Northern Hemisphere land areas included in the analysis. Particularly significant increases are found in all seasons over the islands of the western tropical Pacific, and trends are also positive and statistically significant for the year as a whole and in at least one season in Japan and the United States. These results indicate that the widespread increases in tropospheric water vapor, which earlier studies had reported and shown to be physically consistent with concurrent increases in temperature and changes in moisture transport, have continued in recent years. C1 [Durre, Imke; Williams, Claude N., Jr.; Vose, Russell S.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Yin, Xungang] STG Inc, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Durre, I (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM imke.durre@noaa.gov RI Yin, Xungang/G-1334-2012 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AI02-96ER62276] FX Partial support for this work was provided by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy (grant DE-AI02-96ER62276). We thank the NCDC editorial and graphics support staff for their assistance in preparing this manuscript and the reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 38 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 13 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D05112 DI 10.1029/2008JD010989 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 419PD UT WOS:000264230700002 ER PT J AU Griffith, WC Swallows, MD Loftus, TH Romalis, MV Heckel, BR Fortson, EN AF Griffith, W. C. Swallows, M. D. Loftus, T. H. Romalis, M. V. Heckel, B. R. Fortson, E. N. TI Improved Limit on the Permanent Electric Dipole Moment of Hg-199 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; VIOLATION; ATOMS AB We report the results of a new experimental search for a permanent electric dipole moment of Hg-199 utilizing a stack of four vapor cells. We find d(Hg-199)=(0.49 +/- 1.29(stat)+/- 0.76(syst))x10(-29) e cm, and interpret this as a new upper bound, |d(Hg-199)|< 3.1x10(-29) e cm (95% C.L.). This result improves our previous Hg-199 limit by a factor of 7, and can be used to set new constraints on CP violation in physics beyond the standard model. C1 [Romalis, M. V.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Griffith, W. C.; Swallows, M. D.; Loftus, T. H.; Romalis, M. V.; Heckel, B. R.; Fortson, E. N.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Griffith, WC (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM xfortson@phys.washington.edu OI Griffith, William Clark/0000-0002-0260-1956 FU NSF [PHY-0457320]; DOE Office of Nuclear Science FX This work was supported by NSF Grant PHY-0457320 and the DOE Office of Nuclear Science. We gratefully acknowledge contributions by Laura Kogler, Eric Lindahl, David Meyer, Bob Morley, and Kristian Waedegaard. NR 27 TC 286 Z9 286 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 13 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 10 AR 101601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.101601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 418HO UT WOS:000264139500011 PM 19392101 ER PT J AU Toggweiler, JR AF Toggweiler, J. R. TI Shifting Westerlies SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID LAST GLACIAL TERMINATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; MODULATION C1 Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Toggweiler, JR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM robbie.toggweiler@noaa.gov NR 12 TC 66 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 13 PY 2009 VL 323 IS 5920 BP 1434 EP 1435 DI 10.1126/science.1169823 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 417TP UT WOS:000264101700024 PM 19286540 ER PT J AU Klimczuk, T Zandbergen, HW Huang, Q McQueen, TM Ronning, F Kusz, B Thompson, JD Cava, RJ AF Klimczuk, T. Zandbergen, H. W. Huang, Q. McQueen, T. M. Ronning, F. Kusz, B. Thompson, J. D. Cava, R. J. TI Cluster-glass behavior of a highly oxygen deficient perovskite, BaBi0.28Co0.72O2.2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on the Theoretical Calculation of Elnes and Xanes CY JUL 02-04, 2008 CL Nagoya, JAPAN ID SPIN-GLASS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; LA1-XSRXCOO3 0-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-X-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-0.5; LOW-TEMPERATURE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; LA0.5SR0.5COO3; TRANSITION; VISCOSITY; SYSTEM; PHASE AB A highly oxygen deficient perovskite, BaBi0.28Co0.72O2.2, was synthesized by solid state reaction. The crystal structure was determined by means of neutron and x-ray powder diffraction. The material exhibits semiconducting behavior with an energy gap of 1.8 eV. The electron diffraction study does not reveal long range Bi: Co ordering; instead it shows the existence of short range ordering in this phase. The AC and DC magnetic susceptibility studies reveal cluster-glass behavior, which has its origin in the interacting ferromagnetic clusters present. C1 [Klimczuk, T.; Ronning, F.; Thompson, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Klimczuk, T.; Zandbergen, H. W.; McQueen, T. M.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Zandbergen, H. W.] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Nanosci, Natl Ctr HREM, NL-2682 AL Delft, Netherlands. [Huang, Q.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kusz, B.] Gdansk Univ Technol, Fac Appl Phys & Math, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. RP Klimczuk, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Klimczuk, Tomasz/M-1716-2013; OI Klimczuk, Tomasz/0000-0003-2602-5049; Ronning, Filip/0000-0002-2679-7957 NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAR 11 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 10 AR 105801 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/21/10/105801 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 409GF UT WOS:000263493500028 PM 21817439 ER PT J AU Cuadra, J Armitage, PJ Alexander, RD Begelman, MC AF Cuadra, J. Armitage, P. J. Alexander, R. D. Begelman, M. C. TI Massive black hole binary mergers within subparsec scale gas discs SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; black hole physics; galaxies: active; galaxies: nuclei ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SGR-A-ASTERISK; GRAVITATING ACCRETION DISCS; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATION; GALAXY MERGERS; DISKS; DYNAMICS; EVOLUTION; INSTABILITY; FRAGMENTATION AB We study the efficiency and dynamics of supermassive black hole binary mergers driven by angular momentum loss to small-scale gas discs. Such binaries form after major galaxy mergers, but their fate is unclear since hardening through stellar scattering becomes very inefficient at subparsec distances. Gas discs may dominate binary dynamics on these scales, and promote mergers. Using numerical simulations, we investigate the evolution of the semimajor axis and eccentricity of binaries embedded within geometrically thin gas discs. Our simulations directly resolve angular momentum transport within the disc, which at the radii of interest is likely dominated by disc self-gravity. We show that the binary decays at a rate which is in good agreement with analytical estimates, while the eccentricity grows. Saturation of eccentricity growth is not observed up to values e greater than or similar to 0.35. Accretion on to the black holes is variable, and is roughly modulated by the binary orbital frequency. Scaling our results, we analytically estimate the maximum rate of binary decay that is possible without fragmentation occurring within the surrounding gas disc, and compare that rate to an estimate of the stellar dynamical hardening rate. For binary masses in the range 10(5) less than or similar to M less than or similar to 10(8) M(circle dot) we find that decay due to gas discs may dominate for separations below a similar to 0.01-0.1 pc, in the regime where the disc is optically thick. The minimum merger time-scale is shorter than the Hubble time for M less than or similar to 10(7) M(circle dot). This implies that gas discs could commonly attend relatively low-mass black hole mergers, and that a significant population of binaries might exist at separations of a few hundredths of a parsec, where the combined decay rate is slowest. For more massive binaries, where this mechanism fails to act quickly enough, we suggest that scattering of stars formed within a fragmenting gas disc could act as a significant additional sink of binary angular momentum. C1 [Cuadra, J.; Armitage, P. J.; Alexander, R. D.; Begelman, M. C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cuadra, J.; Armitage, P. J.; Alexander, R. D.; Begelman, M. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Armitage, P. J.; Begelman, M. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Alexander, R. D.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Cuadra, J (reprint author), Shanghai Astron Observ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. EM jcuadra@shao.ac.cn FU NASA [NNG04GL01G, NNX07AH08G, NNG05GI92G]; NSF [AST 0407040]; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) through VIDI [639.042.404, 639.042.607]; National Science Foundation, National Center for Supercomputing Applications [AST070025N, MCA08X017]; Xeon Linux Cluster (tungsten) FX We thank Volker Springel for his advice on modifying GADGET-2, Patricia Arevalo for her help analysing the accretion rate variability and Giuseppe Lodato for pointing us to the work of Ivanov et al. (1999). This research was supported by NASA under grants NNG04GL01G, NNX07AH08G and NNG05GI92G, and by the NSF under grant AST 0407040. RDA acknowledges support from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) through VIDI grants 639.042.404 and 639.042.607. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation through Tera-Grid resources provided by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications under grants AST070025N and MCA08X017, and utilized the Xeon Linux Cluster (tungsten). NR 53 TC 171 Z9 171 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAR 11 PY 2009 VL 393 IS 4 BP 1423 EP 1432 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14147.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 412XV UT WOS:000263758400025 ER PT J AU Han, JT Lee, GW Kim, S Lee, HJ Douglas, JF Karim, A AF Han, Joong Tark Lee, Geon-Woong Kim, Sangcheol Lee, Hae-Jeong douglas, Jack F. Karim, Alamgir TI Direct observation of interfacial C-60 cluster formation in polystyrene-C-60 nanocomposite films SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; DEWETTING DYNAMICS; FULLERENE C-60; THIN-FILMS; POLYMER-FILMS; BLEND FILMS; AGGREGATION; NANOPARTICLES; SUPPRESSION AB Large interfacial C-60 clusters were directly imaged at the supporting film-substrate interface in physically detached polystyrene-C-60 nanocomposite films by atomic force microscopy, confirming the stabilizing mechanism previously hypothesized for thin polymer films. Additionally, we found that the C-60 additive influences basic thermodynamic film properties such as the interfacial energy and the film thermal expansion coefficient. C1 [Kim, Sangcheol; Lee, Hae-Jeong; douglas, Jack F.; Karim, Alamgir] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Kim, Sangcheol] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jthan@keri.re.kr; jack.douglas@nist.gov NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD MAR 11 PY 2009 VL 20 IS 10 AR 105705 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/20/10/105705 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 409GI UT WOS:000263493800026 PM 19417533 ER PT J AU Freeman, AM Lamon, EC Stow, CA AF Freeman, Angelina M. Lamon, E. Conrad, III Stow, Craig A. TI Nutrient criteria for lakes, ponds, and reservoirs: A Bayesian TREED model approach SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Bayesian TREED models; Decision theory; Environmental statistics; Markov chain Monte Carlo methods; Nutrient Criteria Database; Water quality models ID WATER-QUALITY MODELS; SCALE AB We develop regional-scale eutrophication models for lakes, ponds, and reservoirs to investigate the link between nutrients and chlorophyll-a. The Bayesian TREED (BTREED) model approach allows association of multiple environmental stressors with biological responses, and quantification of uncertainty sources in the empirical water quality model. Nutrient data for lakes, ponds, and reservoirs across the United States were obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Nutrient Criteria Database. The nutrient data consist of measurements for both stressor variables (such as total nitrogen and total phosphorus), and response variables (such as chlorophyll-a), used in the BTREED model. Markov chain Monte Carlo (McMC) posterior exploration guides a stochastic search through a rich suite of candidate trees toward models that better fit the data. The Bayes factor provides a goodness of fit criterion for comparison of resultant models. We randomly split the data into training and test sets; the training data were used in model estimation, and the test data were used to evaluate out-of-sample predictive performance of the model. An average relative efficiency of 1.02 between the training and test data for the four highest log-likelihood models suggests good out-of-sample predictive performance. Reduced model uncertainty relative to over-parameterized alternative models makes the BTREED models useful for nutrient criteria development, providing the link between nutrient stressors and meaningful eutrophication response. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Freeman, Angelina M.] Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Sch Coast & Environm, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Lamon, E. Conrad, III] Duke Univ, Levine Sci Res Ctr, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Stow, Craig A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Freeman, AM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Sch Coast & Environm, Howe Russell Geosci Complex, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM afreem8@isu.edu OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program [RD-83088701-0] FX This research has been supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program. Although the research described in the article has been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency's STAR program through grant number RD-83088701-0, it has not been subjected to any EPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. We thank Song Qian for S-PLUS assistance. We also thank four anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved this paper. This paper is GLERL contribution number 1500. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAR 10 PY 2009 VL 220 IS 5 BP 630 EP 639 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.12.009 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413UL UT WOS:000263817900005 ER PT J AU Guttman, CM Flynn, KM Wallace, WE Kearsley, AJ AF Guttman, Charles M. Flynn, Kathleen M. Wallace, William E. Kearsley, Anthony J. TI Quantitative Mass Spectrometry and Polydisperse Materials: Creation of an Absolute Molecular Mass Distribution Polymer Standard SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; POLYETHYLENE SRMS 1482; SAMPLE PREPARATION; MALDI; DISCRIMINATION; WEIGHTS; ISSUES AB The certification of an absolute molecular mass distribution polymer Standard Reference Material is described. SRM 2881 is an n-octyl-initiated, proton-terminated, narrow polydispersity, low mass, atactic polystyrene. The absolute molecular mass distribution (MMD) was obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). A new Taylor's expansion method for signal-axis intensity calibration of polydisperse materials is described in detail. The certification includes estimates of uncertainties, both type A (random) and type B (systematic), for each oligomer in the sample having a concentration of at least 0.20% of the total of all oligomers on the low mass tail of the MMD and 0.34% on the high mass tail. Type A uncertainty arising from the MALDI sample preparation was found to be the greatest contributor to the overall uncertainty of the measurement. C1 [Guttman, Charles M.; Flynn, Kathleen M.; Wallace, William E.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kearsley, Anthony J.] NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wallace, WE (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM William.Wallace@nist.gov NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 10 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1695 EP 1702 DI 10.1021/ma802199r PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 414RN UT WOS:000263883000045 ER PT J AU Mofor, LA Lu, CG AF Mofor, Linus A. Lu, Chungu TI Generalized moist potential vorticity and its application in the analysis of atmospheric flows SO PROGRESS IN NATURAL SCIENCE-MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE Potential vorticity dynamics; Mesoscale meteorological dynamics; Non-uniformly saturated atmosphere; Generalized moist potential vorticity; Convective vorticity vector ID CONDITIONAL SYMMETRIC INSTABILITY; TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; HURRICANE MOVEMENT; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; SQUALL LINES; DYNAMICS; ADJUSTMENT; VORTEX; MODEL AB Potential vorticity (PV) serves as an important dynamic tracer for large-scale motions in the atmosphere and oceans. Significant progress has been made on the understanding and application of PV since the work of Hoskins et al., who introduced an "IPV thinking" of a dynamical system in a purely dry atmosphere. In particular, there has been a substantial amount of work done on the PV in a general moist atmosphere. In this paper, the generalized moist potential vorticity (GMPV) and its application in the mesoscale meteorological fields are reviewed. The GMPV is derived for a real atmosphere (neither completely dry nor saturated) by introducing a generalized potential temperature instead of the potential temperature or equivalent potential temperature. Such a generalization can depict the moist effect on PV anomaly in the non-uniformly saturated atmosphere. The effect of mass forcing induced by rainfall on the anomaly of GMPV is also reviewed and a new dynamic variable, the convective vorticity vector (CVV), is introduced in connection with GMPV. (C) 2008 National Natural Science Foundation of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier Limited and Science in China Press. All rights reserved. C1 [Lu, Chungu] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mofor, Linus A.] Univ Glamorgan, Dept Engn, Fac Adv Technol, Pontypridd CF37 1DL, M Glam, Wales. RP Lu, CG (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Chungu.Lu@noaa.gov NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1002-0071 EI 1745-5391 J9 PROG NAT SCI-MATER JI Prog. Nat. Sci. PD MAR 10 PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 285 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.pnsc.2008.07.009 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Materials Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 410DO UT WOS:000263557200002 ER PT J AU Conny, JM Norris, GA Gould, TR AF Conny, J. M. Norris, G. A. Gould, T. R. TI Factorial-based response-surface modeling with confidence intervals for optimizing thermal-optical transmission analysis of atmospheric black carbon SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric aerosol; Light-absorbing carbon; Elemental carbon; Thermal-optical analysis; Response-surface modeling ID LIGHT-ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS; ELEMENTAL CARBON; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; INTEGRATING PLATE; ORGANIC-CARBON; UNITED-STATES; FILTER; REFLECTANCE; TRANSMITTANCE; AETHALOMETER AB Thermal-optical transmission (TOT) analysis measures black carbon (BC) in atmospheric aerosol on a fibrous filter. The method pyrolyzes organic carbon (OC) and employs laser light absorption to distinguish BC from the pyrolyzed OC: however, the instrument does not necessarily separate the two physically. In addition, a comprehensive temperature protocol for the analysis based on the Beer-Lambert Law remains elusive. Here, empirical response-surface modeling was used to show how the temperature protocol in TOT analysis can be modified to distinguish pyrolyzed OC from BC based on the Beer-Lambert Law. We determined the apparent specific absorption cross sections for pyrolyzed OC (sigma(Char)) and BC (sigma(BC)), which accounted for individual absorption enhancement effects within the filter. Response-surface models of these cross sections were derived from a three-factor central-composite factorial experimental design: temperature and duration of the high-temperature step in the helium phase, and the heating increase in the helium-oxygen phase. The response surface for sigma(BC), which varied with instrument conditions. revealed a ridge indicating the correct conditions for OC pyrolysis in helium. The intersection of the sigma(BC) and sigma(Char) surfaces indicated the conditions where the cross sections were equivalent, satisfying an important assumption upon which the method relies. 95% confidence interval surfaces defined a confidence region for a range of pyrolysis conditions. Analyses of wintertime samples from Seattle, WA revealed a temperature between 830 degrees C and 850 degrees C as most suitable for the helium high-temperature step lasting 150s. However, a temperature as low as 750 degrees C could not be rejected statistically. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Conny, J. M.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Norris, G. A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gould, T. R.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Conny, JM (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8372, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.conny@nist.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [DW-13-93997301-01] FX The authors would like to thank D. Napier, J. Brown, and E. Edgerton of Atmospheric Research and Analysis, Durham, NC, and S. Biswas, B. Chakrabarti, and C. Sioutas of the Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA for assistance in collecting samples. In addition, we thank J.J. Filliben of NIST for helpful discussions on the experimental design used in this study. This work was funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under interagency agreement (IAG) contract #DW-13-93997301-01 with NIST. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S.EPA. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD MAR 9 PY 2009 VL 635 IS 2 BP 144 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2008.12.046 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 413AE UT WOS:000263764500003 PM 19216871 ER PT J AU Colman, JR Baldwin, D Johnson, LL Scholz, NL AF Colman, Jamie R. Baldwin, David Johnson, Lyndal L. Scholz, Nathaniel L. TI Effects of the synthetic estrogen, 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol, on aggression and courtship behavior in male zebrafish (Danio rerio) SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 17 alpha-Ethinylestradiol; Zebrafish; Aggression; Behavior; Courtship; GFP ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; HORMONE LEVELS; TERM EXPOSURE; FISH; 17-ALPHA-ETHYNYLESTRADIOL; TROUT; ETHYNYLESTRADIOL; ETHINYLESTRADIOL AB The synthetic estrogen, 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2), is the active component in oral contraceptive pills. It is excreted from the human body in high amounts and released via sewage treatment plant effluent into aquatic environments. In fish, estrogen receptors have strong binding affinities for EE2, and exposure raises the possibility of adverse neuroendocrine responses in aquatic animals. In the present study we explored the effects of dissolved-phase EE2 on the dynamics of male-male aggression and courtship behaviors in adult zebrafish. Further, we assessed whether the behavioral effects of EE2 result in changes in male offspring paternity. We scored the aggressive behaviors of individual unexposed males and categorized these fish as either dominant or subordinate. We then exposed dominant males to EE2 at doses of 0, 0.5. 5.0, and 50.0 ng/L for 48 h. Subsequent trials examined the agonistic behaviors of males in two testing scenarios: (1) a dyadic encounter with another male alone, and (2) a competitive spawning interaction with another male and three adult females. Competitive spawning tests were also used to assess the impacts of EE2 exposure on courtship behavior and paternity using males that were homozygous for green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression under the control of the islet-1 promoter. We found that EE2 at all exposure concentrations reduced male aggression during male-male dyadic encounters and caused a social dominance reversal in 50% of the fish at the highest exposure dose (50 ng/L EE2). The frequency of courtship-specific behavior decreased in dominant males exposed to the steroid, though this effect was only significant for the lowest dose group (0.5 ng/L EE2) In the highest exposure group (50 ng/L EE2), 50% of dominant males relinquished paternal dominance. Our results show that short-term exposure to EE2 at environmentally relevant levels can alter aggression, and shift individual social status and reproductive success in male zebrafish. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Colman, Jamie R.; Baldwin, David; Johnson, Lyndal L.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Colman, JR (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jamie.Colman@noaa.gov RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 NR 39 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 8 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD MAR 9 PY 2009 VL 91 IS 4 BP 346 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.12.001 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 424OT UT WOS:000264576700008 PM 19157579 ER PT J AU Beckers, H Willner, H Jacox, ME AF Beckers, Helmut Willner, Helge Jacox, Marilyn E. TI Conflicting Observations Resolved by a Far IR and UV/Vis Study of the NO3 Radical SO CHEMPHYSCHEM LA English DT Article DE IR spectroscopy; isomerization; isotopic labeling; matrix isolation; radicals ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; DIODE-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; STATE DYNAMICS; AB-INITIO; BAND; OXIDATION; CHEMISTRY; SPECTRUM AB By codeposition of NO/Ne and O-2/Ne mixtures at 6 K, weakly bound complexes between O-2 and NO are formed. They exhibit a strong, structured charge transfer UV bond at lambda(max) = 275 nm. The UV bond disappears during UV irradiation of the neon matrix, while the visible spectrum of the NO3 radical appears. Simultaneously, the fundamental nu(4) of the NO3 radical in the (X) over tilde (2)A(2)' ground state is observed in infrared absorption for the first time at 365.6 cm(-1). Its N-14/15 and O-16/18 isotopic shifts reveal strong couplings between the two e'-type modes of NO3, which are both active in a pseudo-John-Teller interaction with the excited (B) over tilde E-2' electronic state. The dispute on the vibrational fundamentals of the NO3 radical is now concluded by the unambiguous assignment of combination bonds associated with the fundamental nu(4), Taking into account the observed isotopic shifts and estimated anhormonicities for nu(4) and the most intense IR bond of NO3 at 1492 cm(-1) (nu(3)+nu(4)), the frequency of the so far not observed fundamental v, is estimated to be 1100 +/- 10 cm(-1). A tentative assignment of the vibronic levels in the IR spectrum in the range from 7000 to 3000 cm(-1) is given. C1 [Beckers, Helmut; Willner, Helge] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Fachgrp Chem, Math & Nat Wissensch FB C, Wuppertal, Germany. [Jacox, Marilyn E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Beckers, H (reprint author), Berg Univ Wuppertal, Fachgrp Chem, Math & Nat Wissensch FB C, Wuppertal, Germany. EM beckers@uni-wuppertal.de; willner@uni-wuppertal.de RI Young, Nigel/B-5472-2010 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); Fonds der Chemischen Industrie FX The authors are indebted to Dr. H. S. P Mijller for valuable discussions. We acknowledge support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), and the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1439-4235 J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM JI ChemPhysChem PD MAR 9 PY 2009 VL 10 IS 4 BP 706 EP 710 DI 10.1002/cphc.200800860 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 423RI UT WOS:000264513000015 PM 19185033 ER PT J AU Nagle, L Place, AR Schott, EJ Jagus, R Messick, G Pitula, JS AF Nagle, L. Place, A. R. Schott, E. J. Jagus, R. Messick, G. Pitula, J. S. TI Real-time PCR-based assay for quantitative detection of Hematodinium sp in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Callinectes sapidus; Hematodinium sp.; Quantitative real-time PCR ID PARASITIC DINOFLAGELLATE HEMATODINIUM; LOBSTER NEPHROPS-NORVEGICUS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; CHIONOECETES-BAIRDI; MOLECULAR-DETECTION; NECORA-PUBER; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; BAY AB Hematodinium sp. is a parasitic dinoflagellate infecting the blue crab Callinectes sapidus and other crustaceans. PCR-based assays are currently being used to identify infections in crabs that would have been undetectable by traditional microscopic examination. We therefore sought to define the limits of quantitative PCR (qPCR) detection within the context of field collection protocols. We present a qPCR assay based on the Hematodinium sp. 18S rRNA gene that can detect 10 copies of the gene per reaction. Analysis of a cell dilution series vs. defined numbers of a cloned Hematodinium sp. 18S rRNA gene suggests a copy number of 10 000 per parasite and predicts a sensitivity of 0.001 cell equivalents. In practice, the assays are based on analysis of 1% of the DNA extracted from 200 mu l of serum, yielding a theoretical detection limit of 5 cells ml(-1) hemolymph, assuming that 1 cell is present per sample. When applied to a limited field survey of blue crabs collected in Maryland coastal bays from May to August 2005, 24 of 128 crabs (18.8%) were identified as positive for Hematodinium sp. infection using qPCR. In comparison, only 6 of 128 crabs (4.7%) were identified as positive using traditional hemolymph microscopic examination. The qPCR method also detected the parasite in gill, muscle, heart and hepatopancreas tissues, with 17.2% of the crabs showing infection in at least one of these tissues. Importantly, it is now possible to enumerate parasites within defined quantities of crab tissue, which permits collection of more detailed information on the epizootiology of the pathogen. C1 [Nagle, L.; Pitula, J. S.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [Place, A. R.; Schott, E. J.; Jagus, R.] UMBI Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Messick, G.] CCEHBR NOAA NOS NCCOS, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. RP Pitula, JS (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, 1 Backbone Rd,3107 Carver Hall, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM jspitula@umes.edu RI Place, Allen/F-9267-2013 FU NOAA [NA17FU2841]; Blue Crab Advanced Research Consortium [NA06 NMF4570283]; NOAA-NCCOS [NA17A-E1626, NA060AR4810163] FX We thank C. Steven and K. HunterCevera for their assistance during the optimization of the qPCR assay used in this study, and W. Pecher for his crucial role in graphics and mapping. This work was funded by grants from NOAA Award #NA17FU2841 Blue Crab Advanced Research Consortium Project to A.R.P, contract NA06 NMF4570283 from NOAA-NCCOS to E.J.S., and NOAA Award #NA17A-E1626 and #NA060AR4810163 to the LMRCSC. We also thank M. Frischer and R. Lee of the Skidaway Institute for Oceanography for the gift of the cloned copy of the Hematodinium Sp. 18S rRNA gene fragment, and N. Zimmerman and J. Lotz of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory for providing Hematodinium-infected crabs from the Gulf of Mexico. This is Contribution 09-202 from the University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Center of Marine Biotechnology. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD MAR 9 PY 2009 VL 84 IS 1 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.3354/dao02027 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 427QU UT WOS:000264794600009 PM 19419009 ER PT J AU Lewis, C Bentlage, B AF Lewis, Cheryl Bentlage, Bastian TI Clarifying the identity of the Japanese Habu-kurage, Chironex yamaguchii, sp nov (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Chirodropida) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Habu-kurage; Okinawa; Chironex; Chiropsalmus quadrigatus; Chiropsoides ID CHIROPSALMUS-QUADRIGATUS; CRUDE VENOM; NEMATOCYSTS; TOXIN AB Here we describe the new species Chironex yamaguchii (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. This highly venomous cubomedusa, commonly referred to as Habu-kurage in Japan, is the culprit for several fatalities in Japanese waters. The scientific name adopted for this species in the literature is Chiropsalmus quadrigatus, but our taxonomic investigations show that this represents a case of mistaken identity. In fact, Habu-kurage is a close relative of Chironex fleckeri, which is particularly interesting because the latter has a reputation for being the most venomous animal known. Differences in the shape of the pedalial canal bend, the number of tentacles, and bell size distinguish the two species. In addition to Japan, Chironex yamaguchii is widely distributed in the Philippines. C1 [Lewis, Cheryl; Bentlage, Bastian] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Systemat Lab, NMFS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Bentlage, Bastian] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Lewis, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Systemat Lab, NMFS, MRC 153,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM amesc@si.edu; bentlage@ku.edu FU US National Science Foundation Assembling the Cnidarian Tree of Life; PADI Foundation; Japanese Government Monbukagakusho Scholarship FX We are grateful to M. Yamaguchi and Y. Araki for facilitating the first author's studies at the University of the Ryukyus and the Okinawa Prefectural Institute for Health and Environment in Okinawa, to K. Masato for providing type material, to A. G. Collins for photographs and helpful comments on this work, and to M. Ekins for facilitating the second author's investigations in the QM collections. Funding was provided through a US National Science Foundation Assembling the Cnidarian Tree of Life Grant, the PADI Foundation, and a Japanese Government Monbukagakusho Scholarship. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments that greatly improved an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAR 9 PY 2009 IS 2030 BP 59 EP 65 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 417YO UT WOS:000264114600005 ER PT J AU Stith, JL Ramanathan, V Cooper, WA Roberts, GC DeMott, PJ Carmichael, G Hatch, CD Adhikary, B Twohy, CH Rogers, DC Baumgardner, D Prenni, AJ Campos, T Gao, R Anderson, J Feng, Y AF Stith, J. L. Ramanathan, V. Cooper, W. A. Roberts, G. C. DeMott, P. J. Carmichael, G. Hatch, C. D. Adhikary, B. Twohy, C. H. Rogers, D. C. Baumgardner, D. Prenni, A. J. Campos, T. Gao, RuShan Anderson, J. Feng, Y. TI An overview of aircraft observations from the Pacific Dust Experiment campaign SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID COUNTERFLOW VIRTUAL IMPACTOR; ASIAN DUST; ICE NUCLEI; ACE-ASIA; ART.; AEROSOLS; CLOUD; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION; CLIMATE AB Fourteen research flights were conducted in the Pacific Dust Experiment (PACDEX) during April and May 2007 to sample pollution and dust outbreaks from east Asia as they traveled across the northern Pacific Ocean into North America and interacted with maritime storms. Significant concentrations of black carbon (BC, consisting of soot and other light-absorbing particles measured with a soot photometer 2 instrument) and dust were observed both in the west and east Pacific Ocean from Asian plumes of dust and pollution. BC particles were observed through much of the troposphere, but the major finding is that the percentage of these particles compared with the total number of accumulation mode particles increased significantly (by a factor of 2-4) with increasing altitude, with peak values occurring between 5 and 10 km. Dust plumes had only a small impact on total cloud condensation nuclei at the sampling supersaturations but did exhibit high concentrations of ice nuclei (IN). IN concentrations in dust plumes exceeded typical tropospheric values by 4-20 times and were similar to previous studies in the Saharan aerosol layer when differences in the number concentrations of dust are accounted for. Enhanced IN concentrations were found in the upper troposphere off the coast of North America, providing a first direct validation of the transport of high-IN-containing dust layers near the tropopause entering the North American continent from distant sources. A source-specific chemical transport model was used to predict dust and other aerosols during PACDEX. The model was able to predict several features of the in situ observations, including the general altitudes where BC was found and a peak in the ratio of BC to sulfate between 5 and 10 km. C1 [Stith, J. L.; Cooper, W. A.; Rogers, D. C.; Campos, T.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Ramanathan, V.; Feng, Y.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Clouds Chem & Climate, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [DeMott, P. J.; Prenni, A. J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Carmichael, G.; Hatch, C. D.; Adhikary, B.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Twohy, C. H.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Oceanog & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Baumgardner, D.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Campos, T.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth & Sun Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Gao, RuShan] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Anderson, J.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Stith, JL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM stith@ucar.edu RI DeMott, Paul/C-4389-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI DeMott, Paul/0000-0002-3719-1889; FU National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF [ATM-0611936, ATM-0612605, CHE503854, ATM0613124] FX NCAR is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF). PACDEX was primarily supported by the NSF. P.J.D. and A.J.P. acknowledge support under NSF grant ATM-0611936. C.H.T. acknowledges support under NSF grant ATM-0612605. C.D.H. acknowledges support from the NSF under grants CHE503854 and ATM0613124. DMT participation in PACDEX was supported by NSF grant ATM-0612605. The authors thank Barry Huebert and Jorgen Jensen for helpful comments on the manuscript. Thanks are also due to the NCAR flight crew and the staff of NCAR's Earth Observing Laboratory for excellent support of the project. NR 42 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 7 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D05207 DI 10.1029/2008JD010924 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 415QU UT WOS:000263950200002 ER PT J AU Halter, M Elliott, JT Hubbard, JB Tona, A Plant, AL AF Halter, Michael Elliott, John T. Hubbard, Joseph B. Tona, Alessandro Plant, Anne L. TI Cell volume distributions reveal cell growth rates and division times SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phenotypic variability; Biological noise; Cellular population dynamics; Growth rate; Cell cycle ID MAMMALIAN SUSPENSION CULTURES; STOCHASTIC GENE-EXPRESSION; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; THIN-FILMS; CYCLE; DYNAMICS; COLLAGEN; NOISE; ORIGINS; MODEL AB A population of cells in culture displays a range of phenotypic responses even when those cells are derived from a single cell and are exposed to a homogeneous environment. Phenotypic variability can have a number of sources including the variable rates at which individual cells within the population grow and divide. We have examined how such variations contribute to population responses by measuring cell volumes within genetically identical populations of cells where individual members of the population are continuously growing and dividing, and we have derived a function describing the stationary distribution of cell volumes that arises from these dynamics. The model includes stochastic parameters for the variability in cell cycle times and growth rates for individual cells in a proliferating cell line. We used the model to analyze the volume distributions obtained for two different cell lines and one cell line in the absence and presence of aphidicolin, a DNA polymerase inhibitor. The derivation and application of the model allows one to relate the stationary population distribution of cell volumes to extrinsic biological noise present in growing and dividing cell cultures. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Halter, Michael; Elliott, John T.; Hubbard, Joseph B.; Plant, Anne L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tona, Alessandro] SAIC, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. RP Halter, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.halter@nist.gov RI Halter, Michael/F-9795-2011 NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD MAR 7 PY 2009 VL 257 IS 1 BP 124 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.10.031 PG 7 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 414HQ UT WOS:000263854900014 PM 19068221 ER PT J AU Wang, J Zhang, JL Watanabe, E Ikeda, M Mizobata, K Walsh, JE Bai, XZ Wu, BY AF Wang, Jia Zhang, Jinlun Watanabe, Eiji Ikeda, Moto Mizobata, Kohei Walsh, John E. Bai, Xuezhi Wu, Bingyi TI Is the Dipole Anomaly a major driver to record lows in Arctic summer sea ice extent? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATION; COVER; TREND AB Recent record lows of Arctic summer sea ice extent are found to be triggered by the Arctic atmospheric Dipole Anomaly (DA) pattern. This local, second-leading mode of sea-level pressure (SLP) anomaly in the Arctic produced a strong meridional wind anomaly that drove more sea ice out of the Arctic Ocean from the western to the eastern Arctic into the northern Atlantic during the summers of 1995, 1999, 2002, 2005, and 2007. In the 2007 summer, the DA also enhanced anomalous oceanic heat flux into the Arctic Ocean via Bering Strait, which accelerated bottom and lateral melting of sea ice and amplified the ice-albedo feedback. A coupled ice-ocean model was used to confirm the historical record lows of summer sea ice extent. Citation: Wang, J., J. Zhang, E. Watanabe, M. Ikeda, K. Mizobata, J. E. Walsh, X. Bai, and B. Wu (2009), Is the Dipole Anomaly a major driver to record lows in Arctic summer sea ice extent?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L05706, doi:10.1029/2008GL036706. C1 [Wang, Jia] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Bai, Xuezhi] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Ikeda, Moto] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Sci, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Mizobata, Kohei] Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Ocean Sci, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1088477, Japan. [Watanabe, Eiji; Walsh, John E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wu, Bingyi] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Jinlun] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM jia.wang@noaa.gov RI WATANABE, EIJI/C-2797-2009; Mizobata, Kohei/D-6369-2012 OI Mizobata, Kohei/0000-0001-7531-2349 FU NOAA Office of Arctic Research; NSF [ARC-0327664, ARC0629326, ARC0629312, ARC0611967]; IARC-JAXA; Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science FX Wang was supported in part by NOAA Office of Arctic Research through RUSALCA IPY modeling project. Walsh was supported in part by NSF OPP, through grant ARC-0327664. Zhang was supported by NSF (grants ARC0629326, ARC0629312, and ARC0611967). Mizobata was supported by IARC-JAXA project and the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. Watanabe was supported by IARC-JAXA project. We want to thank anonymous reviewers for their very constructive comments, which help significantly improve this paper. Thanks also go to Cathy Darnell of GLERL for editing this paper. This is GLERL contribution 1501. NR 21 TC 138 Z9 146 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 6 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L05706 DI 10.1029/2008GL036706 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 415PT UT WOS:000263947200003 ER PT J AU Flagg, EB Robertson, JW Founta, S Ma, W Xiao, M Salamo, GJ Shih, CK AF Flagg, Edward B. Robertson, John W. Founta, Sebastien Ma, Wenquan Xiao, Min Salamo, Gregory J. Shih, Chih-Kang TI Direct Evidence of Interlevel Exciton Transitions Mediated by Single Phonons in a Semiconductor Quantum Dot Using Resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; OPTICAL PHONONS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB Using resonance fluorescence, we investigate how acoustic phonons mediate couplings between multiple electronic levels in a semiconductor quantum dot. We show the first direct evidence of population up-conversion in a single quantum dot, which we attribute to absorption of single acoustic phonons. Moreover, through a rate equation analysis, we find that below 20 K such single-phonon mediated couplings between the exciton ground state and the first excited state are primarily responsible for decoherence of the exciton quantum state. C1 [Flagg, Edward B.; Robertson, John W.; Founta, Sebastien; Shih, Chih-Kang] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ma, Wenquan; Xiao, Min; Salamo, Gregory J.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Flagg, EB (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edward.flagg@nist.gov RI Flagg, Edward/G-2897-2013; Xiao, Min/F-6184-2013 OI Flagg, Edward/0000-0002-8065-4092; FU NSF-FRG [DMR-0606485]; NSF-IGERT [DGE-0549417]; Texas Advanced Research Program FX This work was funded by NSF-FRG Grant No. DMR-0606485, NSF-IGERT Grant No. DGE-0549417, and the Texas Advanced Research Program. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 6 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 9 AR 097402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.097402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 415CM UT WOS:000263911900066 PM 19392564 ER PT J AU Rakher, MT Stoltz, NG Coldren, LA Petroff, PM Bouwmeester, D AF Rakher, M. T. Stoltz, N. G. Coldren, L. A. Petroff, P. M. Bouwmeester, D. TI Externally Mode-Matched Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Charge-Tunable Quantum Dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENTANGLEMENT; SPIN; SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON; EMISSION; SYSTEM AB We present coherent reflection spectroscopy on a charge and dc Stark tunable quantum dot embedded in a high-quality and externally mode-matched microcavity. The addition of an exciton to a single-electron-charged quantum dot forms a trion that interacts with the microcavity just below the strong-coupling regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics. Such an integrated, monolithic system is a crucial step towards the implementation of scalable hybrid quantum-information schemes that are based on an efficient interaction between a single photon and a confined electron spin. C1 [Rakher, M. T.; Bouwmeester, D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Stoltz, N. G.; Coldren, L. A.; Petroff, P. M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Coldren, L. A.; Petroff, P. M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, ECE Dept, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Bouwmeester, D.] Leiden Univ, Huygens Lab, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Rakher, MT (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mrakher@nist.gov RI Rakher, Matthew/C-2287-2011 OI Rakher, Matthew/0000-0002-4490-4197 FU NSF NIRT [0304678]; DARPA [MDA 972-01-10027]; Marie-Curie [EXT-CT-2006-042580] FX The authors would like to thank M. P. Van Exter and W. Yao for useful discussions. This work was supported by NSF NIRT No. 0304678, DARPA No. MDA 972-01-10027, and Marie-Curie EXT-CT-2006-042580. NR 34 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 6 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 9 AR 097403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.097403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 415CM UT WOS:000263911900067 PM 19392565 ER PT J AU White, JS Hinkov, V Heslop, RW Lycett, RJ Forgan, EM Bowell, C Strassle, S Abrahamsen, AB Laver, M Dewhurst, CD Kohlbrecher, J Gavilano, JL Mesot, J Keimer, B Erb, A AF White, J. S. Hinkov, V. Heslop, R. W. Lycett, R. J. Forgan, E. M. Bowell, C. Straessle, S. Abrahamsen, A. B. Laver, M. Dewhurst, C. D. Kohlbrecher, J. Gavilano, J. L. Mesot, J. Keimer, B. Erb, A. TI Fermi Surface and Order Parameter Driven Vortex Lattice Structure Transitions in Twin-Free YBa2Cu3O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID D-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTORS; UNIAXIAL SUPERCONDUCTORS; S-WAVE; SYMMETRY AB We report on small-angle neutron scattering studies of the intrinsic vortex lattice (VL) structure in detwinned YBa2Cu3O7 at 2 K, and in fields up to 10.8 T. Because of the suppressed pinning to twin-domain boundaries, a new distorted hexagonal VL structure phase is stabilized at intermediate fields. It is separated from a low-field hexagonal phase of different orientation and distortion by a first-order transition at 2.0(2) T that is probably driven by Fermi surface effects. We argue that another first-order transition at 6.7(2) T, into a rhombic structure with a distortion of opposite sign, marks a crossover from a regime where Fermi surface anisotropy is dominant, to one where the VL structure and distortion is controlled by the order-parameter anisotropy. C1 [White, J. S.; Heslop, R. W.; Lycett, R. J.; Forgan, E. M.; Bowell, C.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Hinkov, V.; Keimer, B.] Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Straessle, S.] Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Abrahamsen, A. B.] DTU, Riso Natl Lab Sustainable Energy, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Laver, M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dewhurst, C. D.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Kohlbrecher, J.; Gavilano, J. L.; Mesot, J.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Kohlbrecher, J.; Gavilano, J. L.; Mesot, J.] EPF Lausanne, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Erb, A.] BAdW, Walther Meissner Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP White, JS (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RI Erb, Andreas/F-2210-2010; Kohlbrecher, Joachim/C-8790-2011; Gavilano, Jorge/H-4910-2012; White, Jonathan/G-2742-2010; Hinkov, Vladimir/D-1495-2016 OI Kohlbrecher, Joachim/0000-0001-5879-6943; White, Jonathan/0000-0001-7738-0150; FU UK EPSRC; DFG; SNF; European Commission Key Action; Strengthening the European Research Area; Research Infrastructures [RII3-CT-2003-505925] FX The experiments were performed using the D11 instrument at Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France, and the SANS-I and SANS-II instruments at the Swiss spallation neutron source SINQ, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland. We acknowledge financial support by the UK EPSRC, the DFG in the consortium FOR538, the SNF, and from the European Commission under the 6th Framework Programme through the Key Action: Strengthening the European Research Area, Research Infrastructures, Contract No. RII3-CT-2003-505925. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 6 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 9 AR 097001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.097001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 415CM UT WOS:000263911900056 PM 19392554 ER PT J AU Luo, ZZ Liu, GY Stephens, GL Johnson, RH AF Luo, Zhengzhao Liu, G. Y. Stephens, Graeme L. Johnson, Richard H. TI Terminal versus transient cumulus congestus: A CloudSat perspective SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CONVECTION; SYSTEMS AB While cumulus congestus as an important mode of tropical convection has been established, many of the previous studies that rely on radar observations usually capture them as snapshots. A logical question to consider is: are the statistics gathered from snapshot observations of cumulus congestus really reflective of this mode of convection that ceases its growth at these intermediate levels (terminal cumulus congestus), or will the convection being observed continue to ascend to greater altitudes to become deep convection at a later time (transient cumulus congestus)? This short article strives to answer this question by analyzing simultaneous, independent measurements of CTH and CTT from CloudSat and MODIS, together with CloudSat radar profile and collocated ECMWF analysis. It is found, based on analysis of one year of data, that a significant fraction (similar to 30-40%) of the tropical cumulus congestus observed by the snapshot views are in transient mode that will ascend to greater altitude at a later time. The analysis concept used in this study, which gives "static'' snapshot observations some "dynamic'' context, can be applied to analyze convection of all types. Citation: Luo, Z., G. Y. Liu, G. L. Stephens, and R. H. Johnson (2009), Terminal versus transient cumulus congestus: A CloudSat perspective, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L05808, doi: 10.1029/2008GL036927. C1 [Luo, Zhengzhao; Liu, G. Y.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Luo, Zhengzhao; Liu, G. Y.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Stephens, Graeme L.; Johnson, Richard H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Luo, ZZ (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM luo@sci.ccny.cuny.edu FU CCNY faculty startup fund; NASA CloudSat mission FX This study was supported by CCNY faculty startup fund and by NASA CloudSat mission. The senior author (Luo) would like to acknowledge William B. Rossow for helpful discussion. NR 15 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L05808 DI 10.1029/2008GL036927 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 415PR UT WOS:000263947000006 ER PT J AU Wu, SL Duncan, BN Jacob, DJ Fiore, AM Wild, O AF Wu, Shiliang Duncan, Bryan N. Jacob, Daniel J. Fiore, Arlene M. Wild, Oliver TI Chemical nonlinearities in relating intercontinental ozone pollution to anthropogenic emissions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; ASIAN EMISSIONS; NORTH-AMERICA; TRANSPORT; NOX; SENSITIVITY; EPISODES; HYDROCARBONS; PRECURSORS; EUROPE AB Model studies typically estimate intercontinental influence on surface ozone by perturbing emissions from a source continent and diagnosing the ozone response in the receptor continent. Since the response to perturbations is non-linear due to chemistry, conclusions drawn from different studies may depend on the magnitude of the applied perturbation. We investigate this issue for intercontinental transport between North America, Europe, and Asia with sensitivity simulations in three global chemical transport models. In each region, we decrease anthropogenic emissions of NO(x) and nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) by 20% and 100%. We find strong nonlinearity in the response to NO(x) perturbations outside summer, reflecting transitions in the chemical regime for ozone production. In contrast, we find no significant nonlinearity to NO(x) perturbations in summer or to NMVOC perturbations year-round. The relative benefit of decreasing NO(x) vs. NMVOC from current levels to abate intercontinental pollution increases with the magnitude of emission reductions. Citation: Wu, S., B. N. Duncan, D. J. Jacob, A. M. Fiore, and O. Wild (2009), Chemical nonlinearities in relating intercontinental ozone pollution to anthropogenic emissions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L05806, doi: 10.1029/2008GL036607. C1 [Wu, Shiliang] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Atmospher Sci Program, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Wu, Shiliang; Jacob, Daniel J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02318 USA. [Wu, Shiliang; Jacob, Daniel J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02318 USA. [Wu, Shiliang] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Duncan, Bryan N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Duncan, Bryan N.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Wild, Oliver] Univ Lancaster, Dept Environm Sci, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. RP Wu, SL (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Atmospher Sci Program, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RI Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011 OI Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; FU NASA FX This work was supported by the NASA Modeling and Analysis Program. This work was inspired by the HTAP activities. NR 34 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L05806 DI 10.1029/2008GL036607 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 415PR UT WOS:000263947000003 ER PT J AU Parker, DE Jones, P Peterson, TC Kennedy, J AF Parker, David E. Jones, Phil Peterson, Thomas C. Kennedy, John TI Comment on "Unresolved issues with the assessment of multidecadal global land surface temperature trends" by Roger A. Pielke Sr. et al. SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SCALE; RECONSTRUCTION C1 [Parker, David E.; Kennedy, John] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Jones, Phil] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Peterson, Thomas C.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Parker, DE (reprint author), Met Off Hadley Ctr, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. EM david.parker@metoffice.gov.uk RI Jones, Philip/C-8718-2009 OI Jones, Philip/0000-0001-5032-5493 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 5 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D05104 DI 10.1029/2008JD010450 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 415QL UT WOS:000263949300001 ER PT J AU Pielke, RA Davey, CA Niyogi, D Fall, S Steinweg-Woods, J Hubbard, K Lin, XM Cai, M Lim, YK Li, H Nielsen-Gammon, J Gallo, K Hale, R Mahmood, R Foster, S McNider, RT Blanken, P AF Pielke, Roger A., Sr. Davey, Christopher A. Niyogi, Dev Fall, Souleymane Steinweg-Woods, Jesse Hubbard, Ken Lin, Xiaomao Cai, Ming Lim, Young-Kwon Li, Hong Nielsen-Gammon, John Gallo, Kevin Hale, Robert Mahmood, Rezaul Foster, Stuart McNider, Richard T. Blanken, Peter TI Reply to comment by David E. Parker et al. on "Unresolved issues with the assessment of multidecadal global land surface temperature trends" SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Editorial Material ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; URBANIZATION; IRRIGATION; CALIFORNIA; MINIMUM; NETWORK; MAXIMUM; COVER C1 [Pielke, Roger A., Sr.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, ATOC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Blanken, Peter] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80501 USA. [Cai, Ming] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Davey, Christopher A.] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Niyogi, Dev; Fall, Souleymane; Steinweg-Woods, Jesse] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Niyogi, Dev; Fall, Souleymane; Steinweg-Woods, Jesse] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Mahmood, Rezaul; Foster, Stuart] Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [Gallo, Kevin] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Hale, Robert] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hubbard, Ken] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Li, Hong] Shanghai Typhoon Inst, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Lim, Young-Kwon] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Lin, Xiaomao] Campbell Sci Inc, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [McNider, Richard T.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Nielsen-Gammon, John] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Pielke, RA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, ATOC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010; Nielsen-Gammon, John/G-9771-2012; Pielke, Roger/A-5015-2009; OI Nielsen-Gammon, John/0000-0001-5336-2409; BLANKEN, PETER/0000-0002-7405-2220 NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 5 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D05105 DI 10.1029/2008JD010938 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 415QL UT WOS:000263949300003 ER PT J AU de Gouw, JA Warneke, C Montzka, SA Holloway, JS Parrish, DD Fehsenfeld, FC Atlas, EL Weber, RJ Flocke, M AF de Gouw, J. A. Warneke, C. Montzka, S. A. Holloway, J. S. Parrish, D. D. Fehsenfeld, F. C. Atlas, E. L. Weber, R. J. Flocke, M. TI Carbonyl sulfide as an inverse tracer for biogenic organic carbon in gas and aerosol phases SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ISOPRENE AB Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is a long-lived trace gas in the atmosphere with an oceanic source and a surface sink through the uptake by vegetation and soils. We demonstrate the use of COS as an inverse tracer for the impact of biogenic emissions on an air mass including the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Using airborne data from the summer of 2004 over the northeastern U. S., we find that air masses with reduced COS in the continental boundary layer had on average higher mixing ratios of biogenic VOCs (isoprene, monoterpenes, methanol) and their photo- oxidation products (methacrolein, methyl vinyl ketone, methyl furan and MPAN, a peroxyacyl nitrate derived from isoprene). Measurements of water-soluble organic carbon were only weakly correlated with COS, indicating that SOA formation from biogenic precursors was a small contribution to the total. Citation: de Gouw, J. A., C. Warneke, S. A. Montzka, J. S. Holloway, D. D. Parrish, F. C. Fehsenfeld, E. L. Atlas, R. J. Weber, and F. M. Flocke (2009), Carbonyl sulfide as an inverse tracer for biogenic organic carbon in gas and aerosol phases, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L05804, doi: 10.1029/2008GL036910. C1 [de Gouw, J. A.; Warneke, C.; Montzka, S. A.; Holloway, J. S.; Parrish, D. D.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Atlas, E. L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Flocke, M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Weber, R. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [de Gouw, J. A.; Warneke, C.; Holloway, J. S.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP de Gouw, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM joost.degouw@noaa.gov RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L05804 DI 10.1029/2008GL036910 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 415PM UT WOS:000263946500006 ER PT J AU Pol, SSV Becker, PR Ellisor, MB Moors, AJ Pugh, RS Roseneau, DG AF Pol, Stacy S. Vander Becker, Paul R. Ellisor, Michael B. Moors, Amanda J. Pugh, Rebecca S. Roseneau, David G. TI Monitoring organic contaminants in eggs of glaucous and glaucous-winged gulls (Larus hyperboreus and Larus glaucescens) from Alaska SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Organic contaminant; Glaucous gull; Glaucous-winged gull; Seabird egg; Subsistence food ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; FLAME RETARDANTS; SPATIAL TRENDS; SEABIRD EGGS; BARENTS SEA; LONG-TERM; POLLUTANTS; METABOLITES; RESIDUES AB Gull eggs have been used to monitor contaminants in many parts of the world. The Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project (STAMP) is a long-term program designed to track trends in pollutants in northern marine environments using seabird eggs. Glaucous and glaucous-winged gull (Larus hyperboreus and Larus glaucescens) eggs collected in 2005 from seven Alaskan colonies were analyzed for organic contaminants. Concentrations ranged from below detection limits to 322 ng g(-1) wet mass in one egg for 4,4'-DDE and differed among the samples collected in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering and Chukchi Seas. Chick growth and survival rates may be affected by the contaminant levels found in the eggs, but the eggs should be safe for human consumption if they are eaten in small quantities. STAMP plans to continue collecting and banking gull eggs for future real-time and retrospective analyses. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pol, Stacy S. Vander; Becker, Paul R.; Ellisor, Michael B.; Moors, Amanda J.; Pugh, Rebecca S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Roseneau, David G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Homer, AK 99603 USA. RP Pol, SSV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM stacy.vanderpof@nist.gov FU Glenn Chen of the Bureau of Indian Affairs; North Pacific Research Board FX We would like to thank Austin Ahmasuk, D. Doderer, Peter Lockuk Sr., Jack Lorrigan, Rob MacDonald, Enoch Shiedt, Albert Simon, and A. Ramey for collecting the eggs, and Kristin Simac and Lesley Chappel for helping to process them. We would also like to thank Glenn Chen of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the North Pacific Research Board for providing supplemental funding and support that allowed STAMP to conduct some of this work (NPRB Project 0534). This paper is NPRB publication No. 192. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAR 3 PY 2009 VL 157 IS 3 BP 755 EP 762 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.11.026 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 408SB UT WOS:000263454100007 PM 19110348 ER PT J AU Casal, TGD Beal, LM Lumpkin, R Johns, WE AF Casal, Tania G. D. Beal, Lisa M. Lumpkin, Rick Johns, William E. TI Structure and downstream evolution of the Agulhas Current system during a quasi-synoptic survey in February-March 2003 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; INDIAN-OCEAN; NORTH-ATLANTIC; INDONESIAN THROUGHFLOW; NATAL PULSES; GULF-STREAM; DEEP-WATER; TRANSPORT; VELOCITY; RECIRCULATION AB The Agulhas Undercurrent Experiment took place in February - March 2003 off the east coast of South Africa and consisted of four sections of hydrographic and velocity data across the Agulhas Current between 30 and 36 degrees S and connecting offshore sections that formed three closed boxes. An inverse model was applied to the quasi-synoptic data, and results show that the net mass transport at the historical 32 degrees S section had a considerably higher transport of 100 +/- 9 Sv than earlier estimates. This high transport falls within the peak-to-peak variability obtained previously from a current meter time series. Several mesoscale cyclonic eddies extending down to intermediate depths were sampled during the survey; in particular, a strong, locally formed shear edge eddy was found inshore of the Agulhas Current at 36 degrees S. Offshore eddies were found to drive considerable onshore-offshore fluxes, resulting in highly variable Agulhas transports from one section to another. After attempting to account for and remove the influence of these eddies on the Agulhas transport, the downstream growth of the Agulhas Current is found to be consistent with the Sverdrup transport variation, within errors. To account for the total magnitude of the Agulhas transport, fluxes from both the Indonesian Throughflow and Indian Ocean overturning must also be taken into account. There is no clear evidence from this study for a significant contribution of inertial recirculation to the Agulhas within this latitude range. C1 [Casal, Tania G. D.] Univ Miami, RSMAS, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Beal, Lisa M.; Johns, William E.] Univ Miami, RSMAS, MPO, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Casal, TGD (reprint author), Univ Miami, RSMAS, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM tania.casal@noaa.gov RI Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009; OI Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704; Beal, Lisa/0000-0003-3678-5367 FU EU [EVK2-CT2001-00117]; CNES; National Science Foundation [OCE-664041]; Portuguese Science Foundation [SFRH/BD/788/2000]; Fulbright and Mary Roche fellowships FX The authors would like to thank Gustavo Goni, Joaquin Trinanes, and Pedro DiNezio for their expert knowledge on the altimetry data and CERSAT, at IFREMER, for the wind data. Additional altimeter products were produced by the CLS Space Oceanography Division as part of the Environment and Climate EU ENACT project (EVK2-CT2001-00117) and with support from CNES. We are grateful to Rana Fine, Kevin Leaman, and Teresa Chereskin for their helpful comments. We thank the officers and crew of the R/V Melville for their support. Thanks to the anonymous reviewer and E. van Sebille's comments, this manuscript was greatly improved. This work was supported by a National Science Foundation grant (OCE-664041), the Portuguese Science Foundation (SFRH/BD/788/2000), and Fulbright and Mary Roche fellowships. NR 56 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 3 PY 2009 VL 114 AR C03001 DI 10.1029/2008JC004954 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 415RV UT WOS:000263953200001 ER PT J AU Meiser, D Holland, MJ AF Meiser, D. Holland, M. J. TI Robustness of Heisenberg-limited interferometry with balanced Fock states SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE CLOCK; QUANTUM; ENTANGLEMENT AB Interferometry with Heisenberg-limited phase resolution may play an important role in the next generation of atomic clocks, gravitational wave detectors and in quantum information science. For experimental implementations the robustness of the phase resolution is crucial since any experimental realization will be subject to imperfections. In this paper, we study the robustness of phase reconstruction with two number states as input subject to fluctuations in the state preparation. We find that the phase resolution is insensitive to fluctuations in the total number of particles and robust against noise in the number difference at the input. The phase resolution depends on the uncertainty in the number difference in a universal way that has a clear physical interpretation: fundamental noise due to the Heisenberg limit and noise due to state preparation imperfection contribute essentially independently to the total uncertainty in the phase. For number difference uncertainties less than one the first noise source is dominant and the phase resolution is essentially Heisenberg limited. For number difference uncertainties greater than one the noise due to state preparation imperfection is dominant and the phase resolution deteriorates linearly with the number difference uncertainty. C1 [Meiser, D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Meiser, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM dmeiser@jila.colorado.edu FU DAAD; DFG; NSF FX We gratefully acknowledge stimulating discussions with H Uys and R Pepino. This work has been supported by DAAD, DFG and NSF. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD MAR 3 PY 2009 VL 11 AR 033002 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/11/3/033002 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 412SM UT WOS:000263744500002 ER PT J AU Arai, K Liang, XM AF Arai, K. Liang, X. M. TI Sensitivity analysis for air temperature profile estimation methods around the tropopause using simulated Aqua/AIRS data SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bayesian optimal theory; Sensitivity analysis; Weighting function; Temperature profile; Brightness temperature; Inverse technique AB A sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate potential improvements to the accuracy of air temperature profile retrievals near the tropopause. A simple inversion method is employed to identify and remove redundant spectral channels from the retrievals using simulated data for the high-spectral resolution sounder AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) on the Aqua satellite. Bayesian optimal theory and inverse technique are applied for the atmospheric temperature profile retrievals, and the 15 mu m CO2 absorption bands (620 750 cm(-1)) are chosen for this study. Sequentially elimination of redundant channels is directly integrated into the inverse scheme for the temperature profile, in order to accurately retain the valuable channels and remove all the redundant channels, for accurate retrieval of the temperature profile. Also, the tropopause and troposphere are treated differently in the inverse scheme to improve the retrieval accuracy in the tropopause. Results of it sensitivity analysis based oil this method, for the Tropical and Middle-Latitude Summer models simulated by MODTRAN4.0, show that the estimated accuracies are improved by 2 K around the tropopause, and are only changed by less than 0.2 K in the troposphere. (C) 2008 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liang, X. M.] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Arai, K.] Saga Univ, Dept Informat Sci, Saga 840, Japan. [Liang, X. M.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Liang, XM (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, World Weather Bldg, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM XingMing.liang@noaa.gov RI Liang, Xingming/H-7368-2014 OI Liang, Xingming/0000-0001-5641-0509 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD MAR 2 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 5 BP 845 EP 851 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2008.06.010 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 420PL UT WOS:000264301600011 ER PT J AU Ganany-Padowicz, A Juwiler, I Gayer, O Bahabad, A Arie, A AF Ganany-Padowicz, Ayelet Juwiler, Irit Gayer, Ofer Bahabad, Alon Arie, Ady TI All-optical polarization switch in a quadratic nonlinear photonic quasicrystal SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE lithium compounds; multiwave mixing; optical phase matching; optical switches; photonic crystals; polarisation; quasicrystals ID GENERATION; SOLITONS; GATE AB We present an all-optical intensity-dependent polarization switch based on cascaded three-wave-mixing interactions in a quasiperiodic quadratic nonlinear photonic crystal. The polarization switching is realized by simultaneous quasiphase matching of upconversion and downconversion processes in LiNbO(3) and achieves three orders of magnitude better efficiency than previous devices based on cascaded cubic nonlinearities. The switch allows extending mode-cleaning and mode-locking techniques to considerably lower input power. We demonstrate experimentally that a single linearly polarized 1550 nm fundamental wave generates a new fundamental wave of orthogonal polarization. C1 [Ganany-Padowicz, Ayelet; Gayer, Ofer; Arie, Ady] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Phys Elect, Fleischman Fac Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Juwiler, Irit] Sami Shamoon Coll Engn, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, IL-77245 Ashdod, Israel. [Bahabad, Alon] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bahabad, Alon] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bahabad, Alon] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ganany-Padowicz, A (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Phys Elect, Fleischman Fac Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM ayeletga@eng.tau.ac.il FU Israel Science Foundation [960/05]; Israeli Ministry of Science, Culture, and Sport FX We thank Professor S. M. Saltiel of Sofia University for fruitful discussions. This work was supported by the Israel Science Foundation Grant No. 960/05 and by the Israeli Ministry of Science, Culture, and Sport. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 2 PY 2009 VL 94 IS 9 AR 091108 DI 10.1063/1.3090488 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 423VF UT WOS:000264523100008 ER PT J AU Diddams, SA Kirchner, M Fortier, T Braje, D Weiner, AM Hollberg, L AF Diddams, S. A. Kirchner, M. Fortier, T. Braje, D. Weiner, A. M. Hollberg, L. TI Improved signal-to-noise ratio of 10 GHz microwave signals generated with a mode-filtered femtosecond laser frequency comb SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID REPETITION RATE; WAVE-FORMS; PHOTODETECTORS AB We use a Fabry-Perot cavity to optically filter the output of a Ti: sapphire frequency comb to integer multiples of the original 1 GHz mode spacing. This effectively increases the pulse repetition rate, which is useful for several applications. In the case of low-noise microwave signal generation, such filtering leads to improved linearity of the high-speed photodiodes that detect the mode-locked laser pulse train. The result is significantly improved signal-to-noise ratio at the 10 GHz harmonic with the potential for a shot-noise limited single sideband phase noise floor near -168 dBc/Hz. (c) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Diddams, S. A.; Kirchner, M.; Fortier, T.; Braje, D.; Hollberg, L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Weiner, A. M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Diddams, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov RI Kirchner, Matthew/F-9020-2010; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 25 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 2 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 5 BP 3331 EP 3340 DI 10.1364/OE.17.003331 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 417QJ UT WOS:000264090900033 PM 19259170 ER PT J AU Wong, Y Sin, D Yip, Y Valiente, L Toervenyi, A Wang, J Labarraque, G Gupta, P Soni, D Surmadi Hwang, E Yafa, C Cankur, O Uysal, E Turk, G Huertas, R AF Wong, Y. C. Sin, D. W. M. Yip, Y. C. Valiente, L. Toervenyi, A. Wang, J. Labarraque, G. Gupta, P. Soni, D. Surmadi Hwang, E. Yafa, C. Cankur, O. Uysal, E. Turk, G. Huertas, R. TI International comparison of the determination of cadmium and lead in herb: the Comit, Consultatif pour la Quantit, de MatiSre (CCQM) pilot study CCQM-P97 SO ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE LA English DT Article DE Cadmium; Lead; Herb sample; CCQM; Inter-laboratory comparison ID DILUTION ICP-MS; MICROWAVE DIGESTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CONSTITUENTS; PRODUCTS; ELEMENTS; METALS; PLANT; FLOUR; IDMS AB A Comit, Consultatif pour la Quantit, de MatiSre (CCQM) inter-laboratory comparison program, CCQM-P97, for the analysis of cadmium and lead in Herba Demodii Styracifolii was organized by the Hong Kong Government Laboratory. The objective of the program was to establish comparability of trace metals analysis in herbal matrices amongst the participating national metrology institutes. The arithmetic mean values of the 13 participants were 0.3186 mg kg(-1) (RSD = 11.3%) and 1.650 mg kg(-1) (RSD = 11.0%) for cadmium and lead, respectively. The participants using double-isotope dilution mass spectrometry technique for their quantification were found to provide similar mean values to those of non-isotope dilution mass spectrometry users. The observation indicated that trace metal analysis in herbal matrices was not method-dependent, but the use of the highest metrological IDMS approach gave a better precision than other routine calibration methods. C1 [Wong, Y. C.; Sin, D. W. M.; Yip, Y. C.] Govt Lab, Homantin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Valiente, L.] Inst Nacl Tecnol Ind, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Toervenyi, A.] IAEA, Int Atom Energy Agcy, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Wang, J.] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Labarraque, G.] Lab Natl Metrol & Essais, Paris, France. [Gupta, P.; Soni, D.] Natl Phys Lab India, New Delhi, India. [Surmadi] Indonesian Inst Sci, Bandung, Indonesia. [Hwang, E.] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon, South Korea. [Yafa, C.] Natl Inst Metrol Thailand, Pathum Thani, Thailand. [Cankur, O.; Uysal, E.] Tubitak Natl Metrol Inst, Gebze, Turkey. [Turk, G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Huertas, R.] Lab Tecnol Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay. RP Wong, Y (reprint author), Govt Lab, Homantin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM ycwong@govtlab.gov.hk NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-1775 J9 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR JI Accredit. Qual. Assur. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 14 IS 3 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1007/s00769-009-0491-1 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 414MP UT WOS:000263868400005 ER PT J AU Forster, AM Michaels, CA Sung, LP Lucas, J AF Forster, Aaron M. Michaels, Chris A. Sung, Lipiin Lucas, Justin TI Modulus and Chemical Mapping of Multilayer Coatings SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE nanoindentation; polyester acrylic; melamine; modulus; thermoplastic polyolefin; confocal Raman microscopy; chlorinated polyolefin; adhesion promoter ID THERMOPLASTIC POLYOLEFINS TPO; INSTRUMENTED INDENTATION; ADHESION; SURFACE; POLY(OLEFINS); FLUORESCENCE; DEFORMATION; PERFORMANCE; MICROSCOPY; MORPHOLOGY AB Thermoplastic olefins (TPOs) are polymeric materials utilized for interior and exterior automotive parts. These materials are often painted to protect and enhance their appearance. TPO materials possess a low surface energy because of the aliphatic backbone, and adhesion promoters (APs), such as chlorinated polyolefins, are used to increase paint adhesion and improve paint performance. The impact of the AP structure and processing conditions on the mechanical properties and degree of interpenetration was investigated on cross sectioned coatings. The AP structure was varied by the chlorine content and molecular weight for the same TPO and polyester acrylic, melamine-cured paint system. Two different processing conditions were investigated. Mechanical properties were measured using depth-sensing indentation. Long-range diffusion of coating components across each interface was verified with confocal Raman microscopy. The AP interfaces, AP/base coat and AP/TPO, were chemically and mechanically sharp at the 1 mu m lateral resolution of both techniques. Depth-sensing indentation measured a modulus gradient across the top coating cross section. The free air surface of the top coat had a higher modulus than the interior. Processing conditions and polishing to prepare the cross section for measurements were found to affect only the control AP. C1 [Forster, Aaron M.; Michaels, Chris A.; Sung, Lipiin; Lucas, Justin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM aaron.forster@nist.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD MAR PY 2009 VL 1 IS 3 BP 597 EP 603 DI 10.1021/am800152x PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 464VL UT WOS:000267535900012 PM 20355981 ER PT J AU McMahon, MD Berglund, AJ Carmichael, P McClelland, JJ Liddle, JA AF McMahon, Matthew D. Berglund, Andrew J. Carmichael, Peter McClelland, Jabez J. Liddle, J. Alexander TI 3D Particle Trajectories Observed by Orthogonal Tracking Microscopy SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE orthogonal tracking microscopy; particle tracking; three-dimensional microscopy; optical microscopy; digital video microscopy; multiple vantage point microscopy ID 3-DIMENSIONAL TRACKING; SINGLE; LOCALIZATION; RESOLUTION; SILICON; PROBES AB We demonstrate high-resolution, high-speed 3D nanoparticle tracking using angled micromirrors. When angled micromirrors are introduced into the field of view of an optical microscope, reflected side-on views of a diffusing nanoparticle are projected alongside the usual direct image. The experimental design allows us to find the 3D particle trajectory using fast, centroid-based image processing, with no nonlinear computing operations. We have tracked polystyrene particles of 190 nm diameter with position measurement precision < 20 nm in 3D with 3 ms frame duration (i.e., at an imaging rate >330 frames per second). Because the image processing requires only approximate to 1 ms per frame, this technique could enable real-time feedback-controlled nanoparticle assembly applications with nanometer precision. C1 [McMahon, Matthew D.; Berglund, Andrew J.; Carmichael, Peter; McClelland, Jabez J.; Liddle, J. Alexander] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McMahon, MD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matthew.mcmahon@nist.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; McMahon, Matthew/F-2986-2013; McClelland, Jabez/A-2358-2015 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; McClelland, Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965 FU NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology; National Research Council FX This research was performed at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. A.J.B. was supported by the National Research Council. The authors thank G. Stein and the CNST NanoFab staff for fabrication advice and assistance and S. Stavis and L. Whitman for helpful discussions. NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD MAR PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 609 EP 614 DI 10.1021/nn8008036 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 423ZL UT WOS:000264535200018 PM 19309171 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Barbero, A Suarez, IJ Sierra-Martin, B Fernandez-Nieves, A de las Nieves, FJ Marquez, M Rubio-Retama, J Lopez-Cabarcos, E AF Fernandez-Barbero, Antonio Suarez, Ivan J. Sierra-Martin, B. Fernandez-Nieves, A. Javier de las Nieves, F. Marquez, Manuel Rubio-Retama, J. Lopez-Cabarcos, Enrique TI Gels and microgels for nanotechnological applications SO ADVANCES IN COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID IMPRINTED POLYMER MEMBRANES; CROSS-LINK DENSITY; CDTE NANOCRYSTALS; POLYACRYLAMIDE MICROGELS; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; POLY(N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE) MICROGELS; MINIEMULSION POLYMERIZATION; EMULSION POLYMERIZATION AB In recent years, "smart" materials have been the focus of considerable interest, from both fundamental and applied perspectives. Polymer gels are within this category; they respond to specific environmental stimuli by changing their size. Thus, the internal structure, the refractive index, and the mechanical properties of the polymer network change. They are considered super absorbent materials, as they can absorb solvent up to several hundred times their own weight. They respond rapidly to local environmental variations. an important fact in device miniaturization and microsensor developments. As size changes are accompanied by changes in internal dimensions, microgels have found application as carriers of therapeutic drugs and as diagnostic agents. They have also been used as microreactors, optically active materials, for template synthesis of nanoparticles or fabrication of artificial muscle. In this paper we review a set of application based on the special features associated to this systems. Basic concepts on the physical-chemistry of gel swelling is first described, followed by different applications covering drug delivery, composite materials using polymer gels to modulate optical or magnetic and electrical properties. molecular imprinting, gel-based biosensors and polymer sensors and actuators used in the field of artificial muscles. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fernandez-Barbero, Antonio; Suarez, Ivan J.; Sierra-Martin, B.; Javier de las Nieves, F.] Univ Almeria, Dept Appl Phys, Grp Complex Fluids Phys, Almeria 04120, Spain. [Fernandez-Nieves, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Marquez, Manuel] NIST, Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Marquez, Manuel] Arizona State Univ, Harrington Dept Bioengn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Marquez, Manuel] Los Alamos Natl Lab K771, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Rubio-Retama, J.; Lopez-Cabarcos, Enrique] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Pharmaceut Chem Phys, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Fernandez-Barbero, A (reprint author), Univ Almeria, Dept Appl Phys, Grp Complex Fluids Phys, Almeria 04120, Spain. EM afernand@ual.es; isuarez@ual.es; bsierra@ual.es; alberto.fernandez@physics.gatech.edu; fjnieves@ual.es; mmsammy@aol.com; bjrubio@farm.ucm.es; cabarcos@farm.ucm.es RI Suarez, Ivan/B-9022-2011; Rubio-Retama, Jorge/L-4262-2014; Lopez Cabarcos, Enrique /L-5802-2014; OI Suarez, Ivan/0000-0002-6327-2914; Rubio-Retama, Jorge/0000-0002-1785-5844; Lopez Cabarcos, Enrique /0000-0003-2939-4130; de las Nieves Lopez, Francisco Javier/0000-0003-1128-6123 FU Ministerio de Educacion, Ciencia y Deporte (Spain) [MAT-2006-13646-C03-01, MAT-2006-13646-C03-02]; Junta de Andalucia [FQM-02353] FX This work was supported by Ministerio de Educacion, Ciencia y Deporte (Spain) under projects MAT-2006-13646-C03-01 and MAT-2006-13646-C03-02 as well as Junta de Andalucia under "Excellence Project": FQM-02353. We thank Prof. Dr. Toribio Fernandez Otero for the help in writing and correcting the section about artificial muscles. NR 140 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 110 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-8686 J9 ADV COLLOID INTERFAC JI Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. PD MAR-JUN PY 2009 VL 147-48 BP 88 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.cis.2008.12.004 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 426ZB UT WOS:000264746300009 PM 19217018 ER PT J AU Pack, AA Herman, LM Spitz, SS Hakala, S Deakos, MH Herman, EYK AF Pack, Adam A. Herman, Louis M. Spitz, Scott S. Hakala, Siri Deakos, Mark H. Herman, Elia Y. K. TI Male humpback whales in the Hawaiian breeding grounds preferentially associate with larger females SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE body size; humpback whale; male choice; Megaptera novaeangliae; videogrammetry ID MALE MATE CHOICE; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; NORTH PACIFIC; MALE COMPETITION; SEX-DIFFERENCES; MIGRATION; MAMMALS; SIZES; ROLES; AGE AB The competitive group appears to be a major component of the mating system of the humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae, bringing together a single female (nuclear animal or NA) and multiple males (escorts) that compete for physical proximity to her. We examined the relation of body size of the NA to the number of attending escorts and, separately, we determined the relation of a female's body size to the size of her calf. Using underwater videogrammetry in Maui waters during 1997-2002, we measured the body length of the NA in each of 42 competitive groups. We also measured the lengths of the mother and her calf in each of 92 mother-calf groups. The number of initial escorts in a competitive group was positively correlated with NA body length. Longer mothers were associated with longer calves, even after accounting for seasonal differences in calf length. We conclude that male humpback whales prefer to associate with larger females and that larger females produce larger calves. Theoretically, larger calves have a greater chance of survival than do smaller calves. The choice of a larger female may therefore increase the reproductive success of an escort that succeeds in mating. (C) 2008 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pack, Adam A.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Psychol, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Pack, Adam A.; Herman, Louis M.; Spitz, Scott S.; Herman, Elia Y. K.] Dolphin Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. [Pack, Adam A.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Biol, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Herman, Louis M.; Deakos, Mark H.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Psychol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hakala, Siri] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. [Herman, Elia Y. K.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC USA. RP Pack, AA (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Psychol, 200 W Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM pack@hawaii.edu FU Hawaii IACUC [93-052-4, 93-052-9, 99-002]; The Dolphin Institute (TDI); TDI participants; Earthwatch volunteers; LeBurta Atherton; Homeland Foundation; Robles Foundation; Seto Foundation; LeBurta Atherton Foundation; Jeff Stone and the Resort Group; Apple Computer Inc FX The data used in this paper were collected under National Marine Fisheries Service Permit nos 223, 576, 810, 941, 707 and 107 as well as annual State of Hawaii Scientific Permits. The research was approved under University of Hawaii IACUC protocol nos 93-052-4 through 93-052-9 as well as 99-002. We are grateful to Alison Craig as well as all of our interns for their assistance in fieldwork during the period of data collection for this study. Laura McCue, Aliza Milette, James Gibbon, Joel Barkan, Juliana Bonilla, Catherine Clark, Guilian Buhl Peres, Anna Soderlind and Peter Solomon were of great assistance in matching fluke photographs and processing behavioural data. We also thank Brian Branstetter for his assistance with generating the curve associated with the whaling data. We appreciate the comments of several anonymous referees and Janet Mann on an earlier version of this manuscript. This work was supported through contributions from members of The Dolphin Institute (TDI), TDI participants, Earthwatch volunteers, LeBurta Atherton, the Homeland Foundation, the Robles Foundation, the Seto Foundation, the LeBurta Atherton Foundation, Jeff Stone and the Resort Group, and Apple Computer Inc. NR 62 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 77 IS 3 BP 653 EP 662 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.11.015 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 407LQ UT WOS:000263366100011 ER PT J AU Kim, M Payne, WV Domanski, PA Yoon, SH Hermes, CJL AF Kim, Minsung Payne, W. Vance Domanski, Piotr A. Yoon, Seok Ho Hermes, Christian J. L. TI Performance of a residential heat pump operating in the cooling mode with single faults imposed SO APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Heat pump; Fault detection and diagnosis; Rule-based decision chart; Thermostatic expansion valve ID DIAGNOSIS AB The system behavior of a R410A residential unitary split heat pump operating in the cooling mode was investigated. Seven artificial faults were implemented: compressor/reversing valve leakage, improper outdoor air flow, improper indoor air flow, liquid line restriction, refrigerant undercharge, refrigerant overcharge, and presence of non-condensable gas in the refrigerant. This study monitored eight fault detection features and identified the most sensitive features for each fault. The effect of the various fault levels on energy efficiency ratio (EER) was also estimated. Since the studied system employed a thermostatic expansion valve (TXV) as an expansion device, it could adapt to some faults making the fault less detectable. The distinctiveness of the fault depended on the TXV status (fully open or not). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Payne, W. Vance; Domanski, Piotr A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Minsung] Korea Inst Energy Res, Geothermal Energy Res Ctr, Taejon 305343, South Korea. [Yoon, Seok Ho] Korea Inst Machinery & Mat, Energy Syst Res Div, Taejon 305343, South Korea. [Hermes, Christian J. L.] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, POLO Res Labs Cooling & Thermophys, BR-88040970 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. RP Payne, WV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vance.payne@nist.gov FU Korean Government [KRF-2005-214-D00240]; CAPES Agency, Government of Brazil FX Lennox Industries in Carrollton, Texas donated the heat pump system used in this study. The authors also thank Mr. Robert Uselton and all of his co-workers at Lennox for giving us their time and advice during several meetings. Seok Ho Yoon's research at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, was supported by a Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD, KRF-2005-214-D00240). CJ.L. Hermes duly acknowledges the CAPES Agency, Government of Brazil, for supporting his sabbatical stay at NIST. NR 14 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-4311 J9 APPL THERM ENG JI Appl. Therm. Eng. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 4 BP 770 EP 778 DI 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2008.04.009 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mechanics GA 423JL UT WOS:000264492500020 ER PT J AU Mast, N Liao, WL Pikuleva, IA Turko, IV AF Mast, Natalia Liao, Wei-Li Pikuleva, Irina A. Turko, Illarion V. TI Combined use of mass spectrometry and heterologous expression for identification of membrane-interacting peptides in cytochrome P450 46A1 and NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE CYP46A1; CPR; Crystal structure; MALDI; Membrane topology; Cholesterol; Mass spectrometry; Missed cleavage; Brain; Active site ID RAT-LIVER CYTOCHROME-P-450; ANTLEY-BIXLER-SYNDROME; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; DISORDERED STEROIDOGENESIS; CHOLESTEROL HOMEOSTASIS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; P-450 REDUCTASE; PROTEINS; BINDING AB Cytochrome P450 46A1 (CYP46A1) and NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CPR) are the components of the brain microsomal mixed-function monooxygenase system that catalyzes the conversion of cholesterol to 24-hydroxycholesterol. Both CYP46A1 and CPR are monotopic membrane proteins that are anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum via the N-terminal transmembrane domain. The exact mode of peripheral association of CYP46A1 and CPR with the membrane is unknown. Therefore, we Studied their membrane topology by using an approach in which solution-exposed portion of heterologously expressed membrane-bound CYP46A1 or CPR was removed by digestion with either trypsin or chymotrypsin followed by extraction of the residual peptides and their identification by mass spectrometry. The identified Putative membrane-interacting peptides were mapped onto available crystal Structures of CYP46A1 and CPR and the proteins were positioned in the membrane considering spatial location of the missed cleavage sites located within these peptide as well as the flanking residues whose cleavage produced these peptides. Experiments were then carried Out to validate the inference from our studies that the substrate, cholesterol, enters CYP46A1 from the membrane. As for CPR, its Putative membrane topology indicates that the Q153R and R316W missense mutations found in patients with disordered steroidogenesis are located within the membrane-associated regions. This information may provide insight in the deleterious nature of these Mutations. Published by Elsevier Inc, C1 [Mast, Natalia; Pikuleva, Irina A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Mast, Natalia; Pikuleva, Irina A.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Liao, Wei-Li; Turko, Illarion V.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Turko, IV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM turko@umbi.umd.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [K02 AG024336-04, K02 AG024336]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM062882, R01 GM062882-06A2] NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 483 IS 1 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.abb.2009.01.002 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 414HL UT WOS:000263854400011 PM 19161969 ER PT J AU Perri, MJ Seitzinger, S Turpin, BJ AF Perri, Mark J. Seitzinger, Sybil Turpin, Barbara J. TI Secondary organic aerosol production from aqueous photooxidation of glycolaldehyde: Laboratory experiments SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Secondary organic aerosol; Cloud processing; Glycolaldehyde; Oligomer; Particulate matter; Oxalic acid; Glycolic acid; Malonic acid; Succinic acid; Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry; Isoprene ID RADICAL-INITIATED OXIDATION; SOLUBLE DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; MARINE ATMOSPHERE; ARCTIC AEROSOLS; RATE CONSTANTS; OXALIC-ACID; CLOUD; MECHANISMS AB Organic particulate matter (PM) formed in the atmosphere (secondary organic aerosol; SOA) is a substantial yet poorly understood contributor to atmospheric PM. Aqueous photooxidation in clouds, fogs and aerosols is a newly recognized SOA formation pathway. This study investigates the potential for aqueous glycolaldehyde oxidation to produce low volatility products that contribute SOA mass. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmation that aqueous oxidation of glycolaldehyde via the hydroxyl radical forms glyoxal and glycolic acid, as previously assumed. Subsequent reactions form formic acid, glyoxylic acid, and oxalic acid as expected. Unexpected products include malonic acid, succinic acid, and higher molecular weight compounds, including oligomers. Due to (1) the large source strength of glycolaldehyde from precursors such as isoprene and ethene, (2) its water solubility, and (3) the aqueous formation of low volatility products (organic acids and oligomers), we predict that aqueous photooxidation of glycolaldehyde and other aldehydes in cloud, fog, and aerosol water is an important source of SOA and that incorporation of this SOA formation pathway in chemical transport models will help explain the current under-prediction of organic PM concentrations. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Perri, Mark J.; Turpin, Barbara J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Seitzinger, Sybil] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, NOAA CMER Program, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Perri, MJ (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM mperri@rutgers.edu RI Perri, Mark/E-9176-2010; Turpin, Barbara /D-8346-2012 FU US Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA07OAR4310279]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0630298, OCE-0619608]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX This research was supported in part by grants from the US Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (NA07OAR4310279) and the National Science Foundation (ATM-0630298). The authors acknowledge Dr Melissa Soule and Dr Elizabeth Kujawinski and the funding sources of the WHOI FT-MS Users' Facility (National Science Foundation OCE-0619608 and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation). MJP would like to thank Katye Altieri, Ron Lauck, and Yi Tan for invaluable discussions and laboratory assistance. NR 75 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 8 U2 73 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1487 EP 1497 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.11.037 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 417IX UT WOS:000264070800001 ER PT J AU Knaff, JA Sampson, CR AF Knaff, John A. Sampson, Charles R. TI Southern hemisphere tropical cyclone intensity forecast methods used at the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, Part I: control forecasts based on climatology and persistence SO AUSTRALIAN METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB The development of a simple statistical tropical cyclone (TC) intensity forecast model is described. The primary purpose of this model, called southern hemisphere five-day statistical typhoon intensity forecast scheme (SH ST5D), is to provide a skill/no-skill control forecast for verifying other TC intensity forecasts. However, it also provides useful and always-available forecasts of TC intensity in the southern hemisphere. The model is created by fitting an optimal combination of factors related to climatology and persistence (or CLIPER) using multiple linear regression. These CLIPER factors are determined from the best track tropical cyclone dataset produced by the United States of America's Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) in the years 1980-2002. In 2004 the SH ST5D) model became part of the operational suite of tropical cyclone intensity guidance run at JTWC. The forecasts from the model since that time have outperformed both climatology (i.e. a constant 65 knots or 33 ms(-1) forecast) and the persistence of initial conditions in a statistically significant manner in independent testing during 2004-2007. This documentation is provided to promote the use of this model's output and provide adequate background for the development of similar models. C1 [Knaff, John A.] Colorado State Univ, NOAA, NESDIS, CIRA,Ctr Satellite Res & Applicat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sampson, Charles R.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Knaff, JA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NOAA, NESDIS, CIRA,Ctr Satellite Res & Applicat, Campus Delivery 1375, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM John.Knaff@noaa.gov RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; Sampson, Charles/F-5684-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; FU ONR; NOAA [NA17RJ1228] FX This research was supported by ONR and NOAA (NA17RJ1228) grants. The authors thank the reviewers, Noel Davidson and Joe Courtney, as well as Andrea Schumacher and Dan Lindsey for their constructive comments on this paper. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AUSTRALIAN BUREAU METEOROLOGY PI MELBOURNE PA GPO BOX 1289, MELBOURNE, VIC 3001, AUSTRALIA SN 1836-716X J9 AUST METEOROL OCEAN JI Aust. Meteorol. Oceanogr. J. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 483IF UT WOS:000268956100002 ER PT J AU Knaff, JA Sampson, CR AF Knaff, John A. Sampson, Charles R. TI Southern hemisphere tropical cyclone intensity forecast methods used at the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, Part II: statistical - dynamical forecasts SO AUSTRALIAN METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SIZE ESTIMATION ALGORITHMS; PREDICTION SCHEME SHIPS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; NORTH PACIFIC; OBJECTIVE SCHEME; HURRICANES; ATLANTIC; OCEAN; SHEAR AB The development and performance of a statistical - dynamical tropical cyclone intensity forecast model, which was developed for the United States of America's Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), is described. This model, called the Southern Hemisphere Statistical Typhoon Intensity Prediction Scheme (SH STIPS), mirrors similar capabilities created for use in the western North Pacific and North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone basins. The model is created by fitting an optimal combination of factors related to climatology and persistence, intensification potential, vertical wind shear, dynamic size/intensity forecasts and atmospheric stability. All of these factors except the climatology and persistence information are derived from global forecast model analyses and forecasts. In July 2005 the SH STIPS model began a real-time evaluation period. The forecasts from the SH STIPS model have outperformed the combined climatology and persistence based forecast and thus are skillful in independent testing since that time. Since October 2006, SH STIPS has been the primary member in an operational consensus forecast of tropical cyclone intensity change provided to the JTWC. Documentation is provided for potential users of forecasts based on this methodology and for researchers interested in developing similar capabilities in the future. C1 [Knaff, John A.] Colorado State Univ, NOAA, NESDIS, CIRA,Ctr Satellite Res & Applicat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sampson, Charles R.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Knaff, JA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NOAA, NESDIS, CIRA,Ctr Satellite Res & Applicat, Campus Delivery 1375, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM John.Knaff@noaa.gov RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; Sampson, Charles/F-5684-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; FU ONR; NOAA [NA17RJ1228] FX This research was supported by ONR and NOAA (NA17RJ1228) grants. The authors would like to thank the reviewers Andrew Burton and Noel Davidson for their constructive comments. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy or decision. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AUSTRALIAN BUREAU METEOROLOGY PI MELBOURNE PA GPO BOX 1289, MELBOURNE, VIC 3001, AUSTRALIA SN 1836-716X J9 AUST METEOROL OCEAN JI Aust. Meteorol. Oceanogr. J. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 1 BP 9 EP 18 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 483IF UT WOS:000268956100003 ER PT J AU Sampson, CR Knaff, JA AF Sampson, Charles R. Knaff, John A. TI Southern hemisphere tropical cyclone intensity forecast methods used at the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, Part III: forecasts based on a multi-model consensus approach SO AUSTRALIAN METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; PREDICTION; SYSTEM AB Consensus forecasts aids, those derived from forecasts from several models, and ensemble forecasts aids, those derived from several forecast created by a single model, have become commonplace. Consensus forecast aids are now an integral part of operational tropical cyclone forecasting at the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). These consensus aids generally have lower average errors than individual forecast aids and benefit from the skill and independence of their members. This paper discusses the performance of one ensemble forecast aid and one consensus forecast aid run in real-time and made available to JTWC during the 2007 and 2008 southern hemisphere tropical cyclone seasons. The ensemble Forecast aid is shown to be as skillful as the top performing ensemble member at each forecast time. The consensus forecast aid is shown to be the most skillful aid available to JTWC during the 2007 and 2008 seasons. Further experiments indicate that adding more forecast aids to the intensity consensus may marginally improve both skill and forecast availability of the consensus forecast aid. C1 [Sampson, Charles R.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Knaff, John A.] Ctr Satellite Res & Applicat, NOAA, NESDIS, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Sampson, CR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sampson@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; Sampson, Charles/F-5684-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AUSTRALIAN BUREAU METEOROLOGY PI MELBOURNE PA GPO BOX 1289, MELBOURNE, VIC 3001, AUSTRALIA SN 1836-716X J9 AUST METEOROL OCEAN JI Aust. Meteorol. Oceanogr. J. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 483IF UT WOS:000268956100004 ER PT J AU Harrison, JA Maranger, RJ Alexander, RB Giblin, AE Jacinthe, PA Mayorga, E Seitzinger, SP Sobota, DJ Wollheim, WM AF Harrison, John A. Maranger, Roxane J. Alexander, Richard B. Giblin, Anne E. Jacinthe, Pierre-Andre Mayorga, Emilio Seitzinger, Sybil P. Sobota, Daniel J. Wollheim, Wilfred M. TI The regional and global significance of nitrogen removal in lakes and reservoirs SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Denitrification Modeling Across Terrestrial, Freshwater and Marine Systems CY NOV 28-30, 2006 CL Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Dentirificat Res Coordinat Network HO Inst Ecosyst Studies DE Nitrogen; Lakes; Reservoirs; Denitrification; Global limnology; Nitrogen removal ID SHALLOW DANISH LAKES; EUTROPHIC LAKES; MASS-BALANCE; FRESH-WATER; RETENTION; DENITRIFICATION; PHOSPHORUS; BUDGETS; SEDIMENTS; RIVERS AB Human activities have greatly increased the transport of biologically available nitrogen (N) through watersheds to potentially sensitive coastal ecosystems. Lentic water bodies (lakes and reservoirs) have the potential to act as important sinks for this reactive N as it is transported across the landscape because they offer ideal conditions for N burial in sediments or permanent loss via denitrification. However, the patterns and controls on lentic N removal have not been explored in great detail at large regional to global scales. In this paper we describe, evaluate, and apply a new, spatially explicit, annual-scale, global model of lentic N removal called NiRReLa (Nitrogen Retention in Reservoirs and Lakes). The NiRReLa model incorporates small lakes and reservoirs than have been included in previous global analyses, and also allows for separate treatment and analysis of reservoirs and natural lakes. Model runs for the mid-1990s indicate that lentic systems are indeed important sinks for N and are conservatively estimated to remove 19.7 Tg N year(-1) from watersheds globally. Small lakes (< 50 km(2)) were critical in the analysis, retaining almost half (9.3 Tg N year(-1)) of the global total. In model runs, capacity of lakes and reservoirs to remove watershed N varied substantially at the half-degree scale (0-100%) both as a function of climate and the density of lentic systems. Although reservoirs occupy just 6% of the global lentic surface area, we estimate they retain similar to 33% of the total N removed by lentic systems, due to a combination of higher drainage ratios (catchment surface area:lake or reservoir surface area), higher apparent settling velocities for N, and greater average N loading rates in reservoirs than in lakes. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of NiRReLa suggests that, on-average, N removal within lentic systems will respond more strongly to changes in land use and N loading than to changes in climate at the global scale. C1 [Harrison, John A.; Sobota, Daniel J.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Maranger, Roxane J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Alexander, Richard B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Giblin, Anne E.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Jacinthe, Pierre-Andre] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Mayorga, Emilio; Seitzinger, Sybil P.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers NOAA, CMER Program, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Wollheim, Wilfred M.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Water Syst Anal Grp, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Harrison, JA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. EM harrisoj@vancouver.wsu.edu RI Harrison, John/F-2280-2011; OI Giblin, Anne/0000-0003-3851-2178; Mayorga, Emilio/0000-0003-2574-4623 NR 52 TC 122 Z9 124 U1 13 U2 102 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD MAR PY 2009 VL 93 IS 1-2 BP 143 EP 157 DI 10.1007/s10533-008-9272-x PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 416CD UT WOS:000263981900008 ER PT J AU Fennel, K Brady, D DiToro, D Fulweiler, RW Gardner, WS Giblin, A McCarthy, MJ Rao, A Seitzinger, S Thouvenot-Korppoo, M Tobias, C AF Fennel, Katja Brady, Damian DiToro, Dominic Fulweiler, Robinson W. Gardner, Wayne S. Giblin, Anne McCarthy, Mark J. Rao, Alexandra Seitzinger, Sybil Thouvenot-Korppoo, Marie Tobias, Craig TI Modeling denitrification in aquatic sediments SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Denitrification Modeling Across Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Marine Systems CY NOV 28-30, 2006 CL Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Dentirificat Res Coordinat Network HO Inst Ecosyst Studies DE Denitrification; Diagenetic model; Sediment ID ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION; INLET MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOUTH ATLANTIC BIGHT; DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; RIVERSTRAHLER MODEL; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; WATER INTERFACE; ORGANIC-MATTER AB Sediment denitrification is a major pathway of fixed nitrogen loss from aquatic systems. Due to technical difficulties in measuring this process and its spatial and temporal variability, estimates of local, regional and global denitrification have to rely on a combination of measurements and models. Here we review approaches to describing denitrification in aquatic sediments, ranging from mechanistic diagenetic models to empirical parameterizations of nitrogen fluxes across the sediment-water interface. We also present a compilation of denitrification measurements and ancillary data for different aquatic systems, ranging from freshwater to marine. Based on this data compilation we reevaluate published parameterizations of denitrification. We recommend that future models of denitrification use (1) a combination of mechanistic diagenetic models and measurements where bottom-waters are temporally hypoxic or anoxic, and (2) the much simpler correlations between denitrification and sediment oxygen consumption for oxic bottom waters. For our data set, inclusion of bottom water oxygen and nitrate concentrations in a multivariate regression did not improve the statistical fit. C1 [Fennel, Katja] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [Brady, Damian; DiToro, Dominic] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE USA. [Fulweiler, Robinson W.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Gardner, Wayne S.; McCarthy, Mark J.] Univ Texas Austin Port, Inst Marine Sci, Aransas, TX USA. [Giblin, Anne] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Rao, Alexandra] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Seitzinger, Sybil] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers NOAA, CMER Program, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Thouvenot-Korppoo, Marie] Helsinki Univ Technol, Helsinki, Finland. [Tobias, Craig] Univ N Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. RP Fennel, K (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, 1355 Oxford St, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. EM katja.fennel@dal.ca RI Fennel, Katja/A-7470-2009; Fulweiler, Robinson/A-3806-2010; McCarthy, Mark/E-3071-2015; OI Fennel, Katja/0000-0003-3170-2331; Fulweiler, Robinson/0000-0003-0871-4246; McCarthy, Mark/0000-0002-2246-5947; Giblin, Anne/0000-0003-3851-2178 NR 78 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 63 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD MAR PY 2009 VL 93 IS 1-2 BP 159 EP 178 DI 10.1007/s10533-008-9270-z PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 416CD UT WOS:000263981900009 ER PT J AU Fewster, RM Buckland, ST Burnham, KP Borchers, DL Jupp, PE Laake, JL Thomas, L AF Fewster, Rachel M. Buckland, Stephen T. Burnham, Kenneth P. Borchers, David L. Jupp, Peter E. Laake, Jeffrey L. Thomas, Len TI Estimating the Encounter Rate Variance in Distance Sampling SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Distance sampling; Encounter rate; Line transect sampling; Point transect sampling; Stratified variance estimators; Systematic sampling; Variance estimation AB The dominant source of variance in line transect sampling is usually the encounter rate variance. Systematic survey designs are often used to reduce the true variability among different realizations of the design, but estimating the variance is difficult and estimators typically approximate the variance by treating the design as a simple random sample of lines. We explore the properties of different encounter rate variance estimators under random and systematic designs. We show that a design-based variance estimator improves upon the model-based estimator of Buckland et al. (2001, Introduction to Distance Sampling. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 79) when transects are positioned at random. However, if populations exhibit strong spatial trends, both estimators can have substantial positive bias under systematic designs. We show that poststratification is effective in reducing this bias. C1 [Fewster, Rachel M.] Univ Auckland, Dept Stat, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Buckland, Stephen T.; Borchers, David L.; Thomas, Len] Univ St Andrews, CREEM, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Burnham, Kenneth P.] Colorado State Univ, CCFWRU, USGS, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jupp, Peter E.] Univ St Andrews, Math Inst, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Laake, Jeffrey L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, AFSC, NMFS, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fewster, RM (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Dept Stat, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1, New Zealand. EM r.fewster@auckland.ac.nz RI Buckland, Stephen/A-1998-2012; OI Thomas, Len/0000-0002-7436-067X NR 15 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-341X EI 1541-0420 J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD MAR PY 2009 VL 65 IS 1 BP 225 EP 236 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2008.01018.x PG 12 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 420RS UT WOS:000264307500025 PM 18363772 ER PT J AU Sanderson, BL Barnas, KA Rub, AMW AF Sanderson, Beth L. Barnas, Katie A. Rub, A. Michelle Wargo TI Nonindigenous Species of the Pacific Northwest: An Overlooked Risk to Endangered Salmon? SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nonindigenous species; predation impacts; Pacific Northwest salmonids; Columbia River; Endangered Species Act ID JOHN-DAY-RESERVOIR; FRESH-WATER FAUNAS; COLUMBIA RIVER; UNITED-STATES; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; SMALLMOUTH BASS; POTAMOPYRGUS-ANTIPODARUM; BROOK TROUT; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH AB Nonindigenous species, which are associated with the decline of many threatened and endangered species, are a major threat to global diversity. This risk extends to salmonids, the most widespread threatened and endangered species in the Pacific Northwest. Pacific salmonids traverse large geographic areas that include freshwater, estuarine, and ocean habitats in which they encounter numerous nonnative species. For this article, we examined the extent to which introduced species are a risk to threatened and endangered salmon. We identified all documented nonindigenous species in the Pacific Northwest, including fish, invertebrates, birds, plants, and amphibians. Where data exist, we quantified the impact of nonindigenous species on threatened and endangered salmonids. The results indicate that the effect of nonindigenous species on salmon could equal or exceed that of four commonly addressed causes of adverse impacts - habitat alteration, harvest, hatcheries, and the hydrosystem; we suggest that managing nonindigenous species may be imperative for salmon recovery. C1 [Sanderson, Beth L.; Barnas, Katie A.; Rub, A. Michelle Wargo] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Sanderson, BL (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. EM Beth.Sanderson@noaa.gov NR 68 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAR PY 2009 VL 59 IS 3 BP 245 EP 256 DI 10.1525/bio.2009.59.3.9 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 414KV UT WOS:000263863400009 ER PT J AU Clark, R Jeffrey, C Woody, K Hillis-Starr, Z Monaco, M AF Clark, Randall Jeffrey, Christopher Woody, Kimberly Hillis-Starr, Zandy Monaco, Mark TI SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF CORAL BLEACHING AROUND BUCK ISLAND REEF NATIONAL MONUMENT, ST. CROIX, US VIRGIN ISLANDS SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STRESS; EVENT; CONSERVATION; THRESHOLDS; ECOSYSTEMS; SYMBIONTS; MORTALITY; DECLINE; INDEXES; DISEASE AB Since 2001, biannual fish and habitat monitoring has been conducted for the shallow (> 30 m), colonized pavement and gorgonian dominated Buck Island Reef National Monument (BIRNM) St. Croix, USVI and adjacent waters. During October, 2005, widespread coral bleaching was observed within the similar to 50 km(2) study area that was preceded by 10 wks of higher than average water temperatures (28.9-30.1 degrees C). Random transects (100 m(2)) were conducted on linear reefs, patch reefs, bedrock, pavement, and scattered coral/rock habitats during October 2005, and April and October 2006, and species specific bleaching patterns were documented. During October 2005 approximately 51% of live coral cover was bleached. Nineteen of 23 coral species within 16 genera and two hydrocoral species exhibited signs of bleaching. Coral cover for Montastraea annularis and species of the genus Agaricia were the most affected, while other species exhibited variability in their susceptibility to bleaching. Bleaching was evident at all depths (1.5-28 m), was negatively correlated with depth, and positively correlated with habitat complexity. Bleaching was less prevalent at all depths and habitat types upon subsequent monitoring during April (15%) and October (3%) 2006. Four species and one genus did not exhibit signs of bleaching throughout the study period (Dendrogyra cylindrus, Eusmilia fastigata, Mussa angulosa, Mycetophyllia aliciae, Scolymia spp.). C1 [Clark, Randall; Jeffrey, Christopher; Woody, Kimberly; Monaco, Mark] NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, CCMA,Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Clark, R (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, CCMA,Biogeog Branch, 1305 EW Hwy,SSMC4,Suite 9224, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM randy.clark@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 84 IS 2 BP 167 EP 182 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 419KX UT WOS:000264219500003 ER PT J AU Gray, KN McDowell, JR Collette, BB Graves, JE AF Gray, Kurtis N. McDowell, Jan R. Collette, Bruce B. Graves, John E. TI A MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE REMORAS AND THEIR RELATIVES SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; FISHES TELEOSTEI; DNA-SEQUENCES; NORTHERN GULF; MITOCHONDRIAL; GENES; PERCIFORMES; FAMILY AB The Echeneoidea comprise three families of cosmopolitan tropical/subtropical marine fishes: the Echeneidae (remoras), Coryphaenidae (dolphin fishes), and Rachycentridae (cobia). Complete nucleotide sequences from the mitochondrial 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, protein-coding ND2, and nuclear ITS-1 gene regions were used to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of these fishes. Parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analyses of combined data sets resolved trees of similar topology. Congruent with evolutionary hypotheses based on larval morphology, a monophyletic Rachycentridae + Coryphaenidae was resolved with high support. Within a monophyletic Echeneidae, the subfamilies Echeneinae and Remorinae were monophyletic. In agreement with recent morphological analyses, the genus Remora was paraphyletic based on the position of Remorina albescens Temminck and Schlegel, 1850. Consistent resolution within the Remorinae using parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference was not achieved with the gene regions surveyed in this study. C1 [Gray, Kurtis N.; McDowell, Jan R.; Graves, John E.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Collette, Bruce B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Systemat Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Graves, JE (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM graves@vims.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Marine Education and Research Program [NA03NMF4550382] FX Specimens were kindly provided by J. Pepperell, D. Kerstetter, W. Davis, H. Okamoto, L. Natanson, and M. Ohwada. H. Kinoshita (Japanese Fishery Agency), H. Okamoto, and K. Yokawa (Far Seas Fisheries, Shimizu) provided permission to collect specimens aboard tile longline vessel SHOYO MARu. G. D. Johnson provided comments on phylogeny. This study was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Marine Education and Research Program award No. NA03NMF4550382. VIMS Contribution No. 2995. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 84 IS 2 BP 183 EP 197 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 419KX UT WOS:000264219500004 ER PT J AU Kenyon, JC Aeby, GS AF Kenyon, Jean C. Aeby, Greta S. TI LOCALIZED OUTBREAK AND FEEDING PREFERENCES OF THE CROWN-OF-THORNS SEASTAR ACANTHASTER PLANCI (ECHINODERMATA, ASTEROIDEA) ON REEFS OFF OAHU, HAWAII SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; HERMATYPIC CORALS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STARFISH; DESTRUCTION; PERSPECTIVE; POPULATION; SELECTION; COVERAGE; RECOVERY C1 [Kenyon, Jean C.] NOAA, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Kenyon, Jean C.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Aeby, Greta S.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. RP Kenyon, JC (reprint author), NOAA, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1125B Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM Jean.Kenyon@noaa.gov FU NOAA; Coral Reef Conservation Program through the NOAA Fisheries Service FX Field support was provided by the officers and crew of the NOAA Ship HI'IALAKAI. Overall project and logistical support was provided by the NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (R. Brainard, Chief). Funding was provided by the NOAA, Coral Reef Conservation Program through the NOAA Fisheries Service, Office of Habitat Conservation. M. Dunlap, R. Brainard, J. Chojnacki, M. Timmers, C. Wilkinson, E. Keenan, and J. Asher conducted towed-diver surveys reported in Table 1, for which data were assembled by M. Timmers. A. Griesemer and A. Mooney analyzed imagery from towed-diver surveys. R. Hoeke acquired rainfall data frorn the NOAA, National Climatic Data Center. R. Brainard, B. Vargas-Angel, M. Timmers, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 25 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 84 IS 2 BP 199 EP 209 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 419KX UT WOS:000264219500005 ER PT J AU Vargas-Angel, B AF Vargas-Angel, Bernardo TI CORAL HEALTH AND DISEASE ASSESSMENT IN THE US PACIFIC REMOTE ISLAND AREAS SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BLACK BAND DISEASE; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; OCEAN; SEDIMENTATION; DYNAMICS; BIOLOGY; HOST; LINE AB During 2006 and 2007, the first comprehensive, quantitative coral disease assessment was conducted at seven coral islands and atolls in the central Pacific: Johnston, Palmyra, Kingman, and Wake Atolls, and Howland, Baker, and Jarvis Islands. Collectively, they are referred to as Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIA), spanning over 4000 km and nearly 20 degrees latitude. Distribution and prevalence of disease were determined from 25-m belt transects at 80 sites, covering an area of over 22,000 m(2) of reef habitat. Six broad disease categories were recognized affecting 12 different scleractinian genera; prevalence was computed based on the estimated total number of coral colonies per survey site. The most geographically and taxonomically widespread disease was skeletal growth anomalies detected at nearly 40% of sites and on six different anthozoan genera. In contrast, the most prevalent disease was acute tissue loss (or white syndrome) which was hosted by four scleractinian genera, including Acropora, Montipora, Goniastrea, and Platygyra. Pigmentation response and other sublethal lesions, such as algal and cyanophyte infections, and tube-worm infestations, were infrequent and occurred in low prevalences. The overall abundance of coral diseases in the U.S. PRIA was low; however, patterns of prevalence varied among coral genera and indicated a few taxa were disproportionately affected by disease, namely the Acroporidae and Poritidae. Of potential concern is white syndrome, which results in severe and rapid tissue loss, particularly on the tabular Acropora cytherea (Dana, 1846) at Johnston Atoll. C1 Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm,Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Pacific Fisheries Sci, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Vargas-Angel, B (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm,Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Pacific Fisheries Sci, 1125 B Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM Bernardo.VargasAngel@noaa.gov FU NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center's Coral Reef Ecosystem Division FX This work was supported by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, Institutional, logistic, and financial support were provided by the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center's Coral Reef Ecosystem Division. Institutional and logistical assistance were also provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Howland, Baker, Jarvis, Palmyra, and Kingman National Wildlife Refuges) and the U.S. Air Force (Wake Atoll). The officers and crew of the NOAA Ship HfIALAKAi are gratefully acknowledged for support with dive and small boat operations. J. Maragos and J. Kenyon conducted field colony counts, B. Dejoseph assisted with the computation of coral generic densities, and J. Helyer with the preparation of site maps. The author also wants to thank R. Schroeder, A. Hall, P. Vroom, R. Brainard, and two anonymous reviewers, whose comments substantially improved this manuscript. NR 48 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 18 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 84 IS 2 BP 211 EP 227 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 419KX UT WOS:000264219500006 ER PT J AU Lamptey, BL Pandya, RE Warner, TT Boger, R Bruintjes, RT Kucera, PA Laing, A Moncrieff, MW Ramamurthy, MK Spangler, TC Weingroff, M AF Lamptey, Benjamin L. Pandya, Rajul E. Warner, Thomas T. Boger, Rebecca Bruintjes, Roelof T. Kucera, Paul A. Laing, Arlene Moncrieff, Mitchell W. Ramamurthy, Mohan K. Spangler, Timothy C. Weingroff, Marianne TI THE UCAR AFRICA INITIATIVE SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Pandya, Rajul E.] UCAR, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lamptey, Benjamin L.] Int Water Management Inst, Accra, Ghana. [Warner, Thomas T.; Bruintjes, Roelof T.; Kucera, Paul A.; Laing, Arlene; Moncrieff, Mitchell W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Warner, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Boger, Rebecca] CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. [Ramamurthy, Mohan K.] Unidata Program Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Spangler, Timothy C.; Weingroff, Marianne] COMET Program, Boulder, CO USA. RP Pandya, RE (reprint author), UCAR, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM pandya@ucar.edu FU UCAR; NCAR FX Author Benjamin Lamptey gratefully acknowledges UCAR and NCAR for supporting his Advanced Study Program Postdoctoral Fellowship. Additionally, UCAR is grateful to Shirley Malcom (American Association for the Advancement of Science) and other UCAR board members for the discussions which helped direct UCAR attention to African needs in the atmospheric sciences. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 90 IS 3 BP 299 EP 303 DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2452.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 430ZT UT WOS:000265031800002 ER PT J AU Guilyardi, E Wittenberg, A Fedorov, A Collins, M Wang, CZ Capotondi, A van Oldenborgh, GJ Stockdale, T AF Guilyardi, Eric Wittenberg, Andrew Fedorov, Alexey Collins, Mat Wang, Chunzai Capotondi, Antonietta van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan Stockdale, Tim TI UNDERSTANDING EL NINO IN OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS Progress and Challenges SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; TROPICAL PACIFIC CLIMATE; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE; SEASONAL CYCLE; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; INTERDECADAL CHANGES AB Determining how El Nino and its impacts may change over the next 10 to 100 years remains a difficult scientific challenge. Ocean-atmosphere coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) are routinely used both to analyze El Nino mechanisms and teleconnections and to predict its evolution on broad range of time scales, from seasonal to centennial. The ability to simulate El Nino as an emergent property of these models has largely improved over the last few years. Nevertheless, the diversity of model simulations of present-day El Nino indicates current limitations in our ability to model this climate phenomenon and to anticipate changes in its characteristics. A review of the several factors that contribute to this diversity, as well as potential means to improve the simulation of El Nino, is presented. C1 [Guilyardi, Eric] Univ Paris 06, LOCEAN IPSL, CNRS, IRD, F-75252 Paris, France. [Guilyardi, Eric] Univ Reading, Walker Inst, Reading, Berks, England. [Wittenberg, Andrew] GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Fedorov, Alexey] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. [Collins, Mat] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Capotondi, Antonietta] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan] KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Stockdale, Tim] ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. RP Guilyardi, E (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, LOCEAN IPSL, CNRS, IRD, Case 100,4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France. EM eric.guilyardi@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; fedorov, alexey/F-1879-2010; Guilyardi, Eric/D-4868-2011; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Collins, Matthew/F-8473-2011; van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan/A-4176-2011 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Guilyardi, Eric/0000-0002-2255-8625; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Collins, Matthew/0000-0003-3785-6008; van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan/0000-0002-6898-9535 FU European Community ENSEMBLES [COCE-CT-2003-505539]; DYNAMITE [003903-GOCE]; NSF; DOE Office of Science; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; CNRS; U. K. Department of the Environment; Food and Rural Affairs [PECD/7/12/37]; NOAA; NOAA/Climate Program Office; NOAA/AOML FX Fruitful discussions with Julia Slingo, Axel Timmermann, Peter Gleckler, Ben Kirtman, Magdalena Balmaseda, Fei-Fei Jin, and the participants of the ENSO in IPCC meeting held in 2006 in Paris are acknowledged. Ken Sperber provided the initial version of Fig. 3. This work was partly funded by the European Community ENSEMBLES (COCE-CT-2003-505539) and DYNAMITE (003903-GOCE) projects under the Sixth Framework Programme and by the CNRS PICS CORDIAL. EG is indebted to SOEST/University of Hawaii at Manoa for providing support for a research sabbatical during the course of this study. AVF is indebted for funding support form NSF, DOE Office of Science, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, and CNRS. MC was supported by the U. K. Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs under Contract PECD/7/12/37. AC was supported by NOAA through a CMIP grant. CW is supported by a grant from NOAA/Climate Program Office and by the base funding of NOAA/AOML. We also thank Jerry Meehl and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that significantly helped to improve the initial manuscript. NR 122 TC 247 Z9 249 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 90 IS 3 BP 325 EP + DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2387.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 430ZT UT WOS:000265031800004 ER PT J AU Seidel, DJ Berger, FH Diamond, HJ Dykema, J Goodrich, D Immler, F Murray, W Peterson, T Sisterson, D Sommer, M Thorne, P Vomel, H Wang, J AF Seidel, Dian J. Berger, Franz H. Diamond, Howard J. Dykema, John Goodrich, David Immler, Franz Murray, William Peterson, Thomas Sisterson, Douglas Sommer, Michael Thorne, Peter Voemel, Holger Wang, Junhong TI REFERENCE UPPER-AIR OBSERVATIONS FOR CLIMATE Rationale, Progress, and Plans SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RADIOSONDE TEMPERATURE RECORDS; TRENDS; POINT AB While the global upper-air observing network has provided useful observations for operational weather forecasting for decades, its measurements lack the accuracy and long-term continuity needed for understanding climate change. Consequently, the scientific community faces uncertainty on key climate issues, such as the nature of temperature trends in the troposphere and stratosphere; the climatology, radiative effects, and hydrological role of water vapor in the upper troposphere and stratosphere; and the vertical profile of changes in atmospheric ozone, aerosols, and other trace constituents. Radiosonde data provide adequate vertical resolution to address these issues, but they have questionable accuracy and time-varying biases due to changing instrumentation and techniques. Although satellite systems provide global coverage, their vertical resolution is sometimes inadequate and they require independent reference observations for sensor and data product validation, and for merging observations from different platforms into homogeneous climate records. To address these shortcomings, and to ensure that future climate records will be more useful than the records to date, the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) program is initiating a GCOS Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) to provide high-quality observations using specialized radiosondes and complementary remote sensing profiling instrumentation that can be used for validation. This paper outlines the scientific rationale for GRUAN, its role in the Global Earth Observation System of Systems, network requirements and likely instrumentation, management structure, current status, and future plans. It also illustrates the value of prototype reference upper-air observations in constructing climate records and their potential contribution to the Global Space-Based Inter-Calibration System. We invite constructive feedback on the GRUAN concept and the engagement of the scientific community. C1 [Seidel, Dian J.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Berger, Franz H.; Immler, Franz; Sommer, Michael; Voemel, Holger] Meteorol Observatorium Lindenberg, Lindenberg, Germany. [Diamond, Howard J.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Center, World Data Ctr Meteorol, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Dykema, John] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Goodrich, David] WMO, Global Climate Observing Programme, Geneva, Switzerland. [Murray, William] STG Inc, NOAA, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Peterson, Thomas] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Sisterson, Douglas] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Thorne, Peter] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Wang, Junhong] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Seidel, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, 1315 E W Highway R ARL, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM dian.seidel@noaa.gov RI Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014 OI Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798 FU Joint Defra and MoD Programme, (Defra) [GA01101 (MoD), CBC/2B/0417_Annex C5] FX . We thank Jim Angell and Kirk Clawson (NOAA), David Parker (Met Office), and an anonymous referee for constructive reviews of this manuscript. NOAA, GCOS, and Deutscher Wetterdienst provided support for GRUAN workshops. Stephanie Lorenz (GCOS Secretariat) assisted in preparing the references, and Deborah Riddle (NOAA) helped in drafting figures. PWT was supported by the Joint Defra and MoD Programme, (Defra) GA01101 (MoD) CBC/2B/0417_Annex C5. NR 40 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 90 IS 3 BP 361 EP 369 DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2540.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 430ZT UT WOS:000265031800006 ER PT J AU Weadon, M Heinselman, P Forsyth, D Benner, WE Torok, GS Kimpel, J AF Weadon, Mark Heinselman, Pamela Forsyth, Douglas Benner, William E. Torok, Garth S. Kimpel, James TI MULTIFUNCTION PHASED ARRAY RADAR SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Heinselman, Pamela] Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Heinselman, Pamela; Forsyth, Douglas; Kimpel, James] NSSL, Norman, OK USA. [Weadon, Mark] NOAA, Off Fed Coordinator Meteorol, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Benner, William E.; Torok, Garth S.] FAA, Washington, DC USA. RP Heinselman, P (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 2100, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM pam.heinselman@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 90 IS 3 BP 385 EP 389 DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2666.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 430ZT UT WOS:000265031800009 ER PT J AU Lee, YW Megrey, BA Macklin, SA AF Lee, Yong-Woo Megrey, Bernard A. Macklin, S. Allen TI Evaluating the performance of Gulf of Alaska walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) recruitment forecasting models using a Monte Carlo resampling strategy SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; SHELIKOF-STRAIT; STOCK-RECRUITMENT; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; BERING-SEA; FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; NEURAL-NETWORKS AB Multiple linear regressions (MLRs), generalized additive models (GAMs), and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were compared as methods to forecast recruitment of Gulf of Alaska walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma). Each model, based oil a conceptual model, was applied to a 41-year time series of recruitment, spawner biomass. and environmental covariates. A Subset of the available time series, all in-sample data set consisting of 35 of the 41 data points, was used to fit an environment-dependent recruitment model. Influential covariates were identified through statistical variable selection methods to build the best explanatory recruitment model. Ail out-of-sample set of six data points was retained for model Validation. We tested tell model's ability to forecast recruitment by applying them to an out-of-sample data set. For a more robust evaluation of forecast accuracy. models were tested with Monte Carlo resampling trials. The ANNs outperformed the other techniques during file model fitting process. For forecasting, the ANNs were not statistically different front MLRs or GAMs. The results indicated that more complex models lend to lie more susceptible to an overparameterization problem. The procedures described in this Study show promise for building and testing recruitment forecasting models for other fish species. C1 [Lee, Yong-Woo] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Megrey, Bernard A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Macklin, S. Allen] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, OAR, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lee, YW (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM YongWoo.Lee@dfw.wa.gov FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO), University of Washington [NA17RJ1232] FX This publication was funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO), University of Washington, under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA17RJ1232, Contribution No. 1417. This is contribution No. EcoFOCI-L610 to NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries - Oceanography Coordinated Investigations and contribution No. 2968 to the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. Y.-W. Lee was funded by the NOAA Steller Sea Lion Research Initiative. We thank Mick Spillane at JISAO for assembling the environmental data for analysis. We also thank two anonymous reviewers and an associate editor, Stephen Smith, for their constructive review comments. Y.-W. Lee thanks Wan-Ying Chang at the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife for the insightful discussions on the statistics during the review processes. NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 66 IS 3 BP 367 EP 381 DI 10.1139/F08-203 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 429ZD UT WOS:000264957700002 ER PT J AU Morgan, MJ Murua, H Kraus, G Lambert, Y Marteinsdottir, G Marshall, CT O'Brien, L Tomkiewicz, J AF Morgan, M. J. Murua, H. Kraus, G. Lambert, Y. Marteinsdottir, G. Marshall, C. T. O'Brien, L. Tomkiewicz, J. TI The evaluation of reference points and stock productivity in the context of alternative indices of stock reproductive potential SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; NORTHEAST ARCTIC COD; EGG-PRODUCTION; RECRUITMENT; MANAGEMENT; FECUNDITY; AGE; MATURITY AB In this study, we explore the impact of four alternative indices of reproductive potential (RP) on perceptions of population productivity for eight fish populations across the North Atlantic. The four indices of RP included increasing biological complexity, adding variation in maturation, sex ratio, and fecundity. Perceptions of stock productivity were greatly affected by the choice of index of RP. population status relative to reference points, RP per recruit, and projections of population size all varied when alternative indices of RP were used. There was no consistency in which index of RP gave the highest or lowest estimate of population productivity. but rather, this varied depending on how much variation there was in the reproductive biology of the population and the age composition. Estimates of sustainable harvest levels and recovery time for depleted populations call vary greatly depending on the index of RP. C1 [Morgan, M. J.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, St John, NF A1A 4V7, Canada. [Murua, H.] AZTI Tecnalia, Pasaia 20110, Spain. [Kraus, G.] Fed Res Inst Rural Areas Forestry & Fisheries, Johann Heinrich von Thunen Inst, Inst Sea Fisheries, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. [Lambert, Y.] Inst Maurice Lamontagne, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. [Marteinsdottir, G.] Univ Iceland, Dept Biol, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Marshall, C. T.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland. [O'Brien, L.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Tomkiewicz, J.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Rresources, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. RP Morgan, MJ (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, POB 5667, St John, NF A1A 4V7, Canada. EM joanne.morgan@dfo-mpo.gc.ca RI Marshall, C. Tara/I-7930-2014 NR 31 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 66 IS 3 BP 404 EP 414 DI 10.1139/F09-009 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 429ZD UT WOS:000264957700005 ER PT J AU Wood, RJ Austin, HM AF Wood, Robert J. Austin, Herbert M. TI Synchronous multidecadal fish recruitment patterns in Chesapeake Bay, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BASS MORONE-SAXATILIS; STRIPED BASS; VIRGINIA RIVERS; LARVAL FISH; ATLANTIC; CLIMATE; FISHERIES; STOCKS; SURVIVAL; MARINE AB Multispecies fish recruitment patterns within Chesapeake Bay were investigated in four fishery-independent survey data sets (one primary and three ancillary data sets) that together span the years 1968-2004. These independently conducted surveys record interannual recruitment variability for 15 ecologically and economically important fish species of the Northeast US Continental Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem. Principal component analyses revealed that the strongest multispecies recruitment pattern (first principal component) present in each data set describes a negative recruitment relationship between anadromous and coastal shelf-spawning species. Among the data sets, the first principal component accounted for 31%-42% of multispecies variance. Locally weighted regression modeling revealed that the decadal-scale variability accounted for 62% of the variance in the primary data set's first principal component's (annual) scores, whereas interannual variability accounted for only 38%. Despite strong differences in sampling methods, sampled habitats, and sampling locations, this pattern of antagonistic recruitment between Chesapeake Bay anadromous and shelf-spawning (CBASS) species was Synchronously correlated among data sets at both decadal and interannual scales. The CBASS pattern has tended to persist in one mode for periods lasting longer than a decade and tends to reverse sign rather within only 2-3 years. A statistically significant regime shift occurred in 1992, when recruitment in anadromous fishes became favored at the expense of recruitment of shelf-spawning estuarine-dependant fishes. C1 [Wood, Robert J.; Austin, Herbert M.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Wood, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Natl Ocean Serv, NCCOS,CCEHBR, 904 S Morris St, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. EM Bob.Wood@noaa.gov FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; Virginia Marine Resources Commission [F-104]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science FX Initial funding for this work was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Virginia Marine Resources Commission (grant No. F-104) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. We are grateful to Edward Houde. John Hoenig, Hugh Ducklow, Carl Friedrichs, Xinsheng Zhang, Bill Connelly, and Ed Martino for their suggestions during the Course of this investigation. NR 70 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 66 IS 3 BP 496 EP 508 DI 10.1139/F09-013 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 429ZD UT WOS:000264957700013 ER PT J AU Jacobson, LD Bograd, SJ Parrish, RH Mendelssohn, R Schwing, FB AF Jacobson, Larry D. Bograd, Steven J. Parrish, Richard H. Mendelssohn, Roy Schwing, Franklin B. TI An ecosystem-based hypothesis for climatic effects on surplus production in California sardine (Sardinops sagax) and environmentally dependent surplus production models (vol 62, pg 1782, 2005) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Correction C1 [Jacobson, Larry D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bograd, Steven J.; Parrish, Richard H.; Mendelssohn, Roy; Schwing, Franklin B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Jacobson, LD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM larry.jacobson@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 66 IS 3 BP 510 EP 511 DI 10.1139/F09-018 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 429ZD UT WOS:000264957700015 ER PT J AU Davis, JM Newbury, DE Rangaraju, PR Soundrapanian, S Giebson, C AF Davis, Jeffrey M. Newbury, Dale E. Rangaraju, Prasada Rao Soundrapanian, Senthil Giebson, Colin TI Milli X-ray fluorescence X-ray spectrum imaging for measuring potassium ion intrusion into concrete samples SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Article AB Of particular interest when studying the effects of deicing solutions on concrete is the depth of penetration of ions from deicing salts. To determine the limits of positive ion infiltration, a method based on milli X-ray fluorescence (mXRF) has been developed. This method combines traditional energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) with stage movement X-ray mapping to analyze comparatively large areas of concrete. The result is the ability to determine the depth of ion infiltration over a distance of tens of millimeters. The technique also requires minimal preparation of the sample, and due to the nature of the X-ray beam, concrete samples do not have to be coated to reduce charging. This paper describes in detail the method of mXRF with X-ray spectrum imaging (XSI) for concrete applications and shows two examples where potassium ion infiltration was measured with mXRF-XSI as part of broader studies in pavement durability. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Davis, Jeffrey M.; Newbury, Dale E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Microanal Res Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rangaraju, Prasada Rao; Soundrapanian, Senthil] Clemson Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Giebson, Colin] Bauhaus Univ Weimar, Finger Inst Baustoffkunde, D-99421 Weimar, Germany. RP Davis, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Microanal Res Grp, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeff.davis@nist.gov OI Rangaraju, Prasada Rao/0000-0003-4285-1252 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-9465 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 31 IS 3 BP 171 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.12.005 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 430AE UT WOS:000264960400004 ER PT J AU Raman, B Joseph, J Tang, J Stopfer, M AF Raman, Baranidharan Joseph, Joby Tang, Jeff Stopfer, Mark TI Olfactory Receptor Neurons and Odor Coding SO CHEMICAL SENSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Congress of the European-Chemoreception-Research-Organization CY SEP 03-07, 2008 CL Univ Lyubljana, Bernardin, SLOVENIA SP European Chemorecep Res Org, Slovenian Physiol Soc HO Univ Lyubljana C1 [Raman, Baranidharan; Joseph, Joby; Tang, Jeff; Stopfer, Mark] NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Raman, Baranidharan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0379-864X J9 CHEM SENSES JI Chem. Senses PD MAR PY 2009 VL 34 IS 3 BP E1 EP E1 PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 408BN UT WOS:000263408400010 ER PT J AU Capo, TR Bardales, AT Gillette, PR Lara, MR Schmale, MC Serafy, JE AF Capo, Thomas R. Bardales, Ana T. Gillette, Phillip R. Lara, Monica R. Schmale, Michael C. Serafy, Joseph E. TI Larval growth, development, and survival of laboratory-reared Aplysia californica: Effects of diet and veliger density SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Aquatic Animal Models of Human Disease CY JAN 31-FEB 03, 2008 CL Duke Univ, Durham, NC SP Nicholas Sch Environm HO Duke Univ DE Aplysia californica; Diet; Density; Development; Growth; Survival; Veliger larvae ID HERMISSENDA-CRASSICORNIS ESCHSCHOLTZ; GASTROPODA-OPISTHOBRANCHIA; BRASILIANA RANG; NATURAL-HISTORY; OSTREA-EDULIS; METAMORPHOSIS; NUDIBRANCH; CULTURE; REPRODUCTION; TEMPERATURE AB Over the last three decades, the California sea hare, Aplysia californica, has played an increasingly important role as a model organism in the neurosciences. Since 1995, the National Resource for Aplysia has supported a growing research community by providing a consistent supply of laboratory-reared individuals of known age, reproductive status, and environmental history. The purpose of the present study was to resolve the key biological factors necessary for successful culture of large numbers of high quality larval Aplysia. Data from a sequence of five experiments demonstrated that algal diet, food concentration, and veliger density significantly affected growth, attainment of metamorphic competency, and survival of Aplysia larvae. The highest growth and survival were achieved with a mixed algal diet of 1: 1 Isochrysis sp (TISO) and Chaetoceros muelleri (CHGRA) at a total concentration of 250 X 10(3) cells/ml. and a larval density of 0.5-1.0 per mL Rapid growth was always correlated with faster attainment of developmental milestones and increased survival, indicating that the more rapidly growing larvae were healthier. Trials conducted with our improved protocol resulted in larval growth rates of >14 mu m/day, which yielded metamorphically competent animals within 21 days with survival rates in excess of 90%. These data indicate the important effects of biotic factors on the critical larval growth period in the laboratory and show the advantages of developing optimized protocols for culture of such marine invertebrates. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Capo, Thomas R.; Bardales, Ana T.; Gillette, Phillip R.; Lara, Monica R.; Schmale, Michael C.; Serafy, Joseph E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Serafy, Joseph E.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Capo, TR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM tcapo@rsmas.miami.edu FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute; NCRR NIH HHS [P40 RR010294, P40 RR010294-12, P40 RR010294-14, RR10294, P40 RR010294-11, P40 RR010294-13]; NIH HHS [P40 OD010952] NR 51 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 149 IS 2 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.10.104 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 419NG UT WOS:000264225700013 PM 19000779 ER PT J AU Vargas-Angel, B Godwin, LS Asher, J Brainard, RE AF Vargas-Angel, B. Godwin, L. S. Asher, J. Brainard, R. E. TI Invasive didemnid tunicate spreading across coral reefs at remote Swains Island, American SÄautmoa SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Vargas-Angel, B.; Asher, J.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Godwin, L. S.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Brainard, R. E.] Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Vargas-Angel, B (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1125 B Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM Bernardo.VargasAngel@noaa.gov RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 6 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD MAR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1 BP 53 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s00338-008-0428-x PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 403GT UT WOS:000263071800007 ER PT J AU Manzello, D Warner, M Stabenau, E Hendee, J Lesser, M Jankulak, M AF Manzello, D. Warner, M. Stabenau, E. Hendee, J. Lesser, M. Jankulak, M. TI Remote monitoring of chlorophyll fluorescence in two reef corals during the 2005 bleaching event at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Coral bleaching alerts; PAM fluorometry; Hurricane cooling; Environmental monitoring ID THRESHOLDS AB Zooxanthellae fluorescence was measured in situ, remotely, and in near real-time with a pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometer for a colony of Siderastrea siderea and Agaricia tenuifolia at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas during the Caribbean-wide 2005 bleaching event. These colonies displayed evidence of photosystem II (PS II) inactivation coincident with thermal stress and seasonally high doses of solar radiation. Hurricane-associated declines in temperature and light appear to have facilitated the recovery of maximum quantum yield of PS II within these two colonies, although both corals responded differently to individual storms. PAM fluorometry, coupled with long-term measurement of in situ light and temperature, provides much more detail of coral photobiology on a seasonal time scale and during possible bleaching conditions than sporadic, subjective, and qualitative observations. S. siderea displayed evidence of PS II inactivation over a month prior to the issuing of a satellite-based, sea surface temperature (SST) bleaching alert by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). In fact, recovery had already begun in S. siderea when the bleaching alert was issued. Fluorescence data for A. tenuifolia were difficult to interpret because the shaded parts of a colony were monitored and thus did not perfectly coincide with thermal stress and seasonally high doses of solar radiation as in S. siderea. These results further emphasize the limitations of solely monitoring SST (satellite or in situ) as a bleaching indicator without considering the physiological status of coral-zooxanthellae symbioses. C1 [Manzello, D.; Hendee, J.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Manzello, D.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Warner, M.] Univ Delaware, Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. [Stabenau, E.] Natl Pk Serv, Everglades Natl Pk, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. [Lesser, M.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mol Cellular & Biomed Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Jankulak, M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Manzello, D (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Derek.Manzello@noaa.gov RI Hendee, James/E-6358-2010; Warner, Mark/J-6241-2013; Manzello, Derek/A-8661-2014; Stabenau, Erik/C-6224-2015; Jankulak, Michael/A-3015-2017 OI Hendee, James/0000-0002-4799-5354; Manzello, Derek/0000-0002-0720-3041; Jankulak, Michael/0000-0003-4071-1344 FU ICON; Perry Institute of Marine Science Caribbean Marine Research Center (CMRC) FX NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program is thanked for supporting ICON. B. Gadd and K. Buch of the Perry Institute of Marine Science Caribbean Marine Research Center (CMRC) provided logistical support. M. Shoemaker, L. Florit, E. Mueller, and J. Craynock helped with this project. R. Dunne and two anonymous reviewers provided feedback that substantially improved this manuscript. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD MAR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1 BP 209 EP 214 DI 10.1007/s00338-008-0455-7 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 403GT UT WOS:000263071800027 ER PT J AU Breuer, ER Law, GTW Woulds, C Cowie, GL Shimmield, GB Peppe, O Schwartz, M McKinlay, S AF Breuer, Eric R. Law, Gareth T. W. Woulds, Clare Cowie, Greg L. Shimmield, Graham B. Peppe, Oli Schwartz, Matt McKinlay, Susan TI Sedimentary oxygen consumption and microdistribution at sites across the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone (Pakistan margin) SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Geochemistry; Porewater; Microelectrodes; Oxygen; Sediment; OMZ ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF SEDIMENTS; IN-SITU; ORGANIC-MATTER; CONCENTRATION PROFILES; MOLECULAR-DIFFUSION; DEFICIENT ZONE; PORE-WATER; CARBON; MICROELECTRODE; PRESERVATION AB Biogeochemical processes and fluxes occurring across the sediment-water interface on continental margins impacted by oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are important to bioelement cycles, ocean inventories, and productivity. The nature and magnitude of these processes depend heavily on spatial and temporal variability in dissolved O(2) concentrations in bottom waters and porewaters. In 2003, four research cruises to the Indus margin of the Arabian Sea (Pakistan) were undertaken to survey the benthic biogeochemical processes in the resident OMZ before and after the southwest monsoon. Sediment O(2) microdistribution and consumption rates were measured at five stations along a depth transect (140-1850 m) across the OMZ, during the spring intermonsoon and the late-to-post southwest monsoon periods, using in situ benthic research platforms (landers). Lander O(2) electrode data show that the intermonsoon and late-to-postmonsoon bottom-water O(2) levels had little to no variation (300 m, no change; 940 m, 1.7-2.8 mu M; 1200 m, 10.2-12.6 mu M; and 1850 m, 82-80 mu M). In contrast, at the shallowest station (140 m), a large fluctuation occurred between the intermonsoon (O(2) = 44.5 mu M) and the late-to-postmonsoon (O(2) = 1 mu M), due to monsoon-forced shoaling of the upper OMZ boundary. Oxygen did not penetrate into the sediments at the 300-m site during either sampling season. During the intermonsoon season at the 140-m site, O(2) penetrated to a depth of similar to 3 mm, but no measurable O(2) penetration occurred after the monsoon. At the 940 and 1200-m sites, O(2) penetration into the sediments was small (ca. 1-2 mm at both sites) and did not measurably change between the two sampling seasons. In contrast, at the 1850-m site, O(2) penetration decreased after the monsoon (18-12 mm). Calculated late-to-postmonsoon O(2) consumption rates were generally similar to or lower than intermonsoon values (0 vs. 2.22 mmol m(-2) d(-1) at 140 m, 0.37 vs. 0.31 mmol m(-2) d(-1) at 1200 m, and 0.73 vs. 1.01 mmol m(-2) d(-1) at 1850 m). The relatively small seasonal signal suggests that organic matter delivered during the monsoon period may have already been largely remineralized by the late-to-postmonsoon sampling period. Modelling of porewater O(2) profiles indicates that subsurface O(2) consumption associated oxidation of reduced inorganic species makes a significant contribution to total O(2) consumption at some sites. Similarly, differences in O(2) consumption rates determined by porewater profile modelling and whole-core incubations at some sites indicate significant contributions associated with bioturbation and bioirrigation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Breuer, Eric R.; Law, Gareth T. W.; Shimmield, Graham B.; Peppe, Oli; McKinlay, Susan] Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Dunstaffnage Marine Lab, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. [Breuer, Eric R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20911 USA. [Woulds, Clare; Cowie, Greg L.; Schwartz, Matt] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Breuer, ER (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Sci & Technol, 1315 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM eric.breuer@noaa.gov; c.woulds@leeds.ac.uk RI Woulds, Clare/C-4876-2009; OI Woulds, Clare/0000-0002-3681-1468 FU UK Natural Environment Research Council [NER/A/S/2000/01280] FX We thank the captain, crew, and scientific party of the RRS Charles Darwin cruises CD 146 and CD 151 for their assistance during sampling. We also thank Lisa Levin and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This work was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (Grant no. NER/A/S/2000/01280). NR 51 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 56 IS 6-7 BP 296 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.06.010 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 467YV UT WOS:000267780700004 ER PT J AU Sun, J Eidelman, N Lin-Gibson, S AF Sun, Jirun Eidelman, Naomi Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI 3D mapping of polymerization shrinkage using X-ray micro-computed tomography to predict microleakage SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Composites; Dental restorative material; FTIR microspectroscopy; Microleakage; Photopolymerization; Polymerization shrinkage; X-ray micro-computed tomography ID MICROCOMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; RESIN COMPOSITE; RESTORATIONS; DENTIN; CT; SCAFFOLDS; POLYMERS; TEETH AB Objectives. The objectives of this study were to (1) demonstrate X-ray micro-computed tomography (mu CT) as a viable method for determining the polymerization shrinkage and microleakage on the same sample accurately and non-destructively, and (2) investigate the effect of sample geometry (e.g., C-factor and volume) on polymerization shrinkage and microleakage. Methods. Composites placed in a series of model cavities of controlled C-factors and volumes were imaged using mu CT to determine their precise location and volume before and after photopolymerization. Shrinkage was calculated by comparing the volume of composites before and after polymerization and leakage was predicted based on gap formation between composites and cavity walls as a function of position. Dye penetration experiments were used to validate mu CT results. Results. The degree of conversion (DC) of composites measured using FTIR microspectroscopy in reflectance mode was nearly identical for composites filled in all model cavity geometries. The shrinkage of composites calculated based on mu CT results was statistically identical regardless of sample geometry. Microleakage, on the other hand, was highly dependent on the C-factor as well as the composite volume, with higher C-factors and larger volumes leading to a greater probability of microleakage. Spatial distribution of microleakage determined by mu CT agreed well with results determined by dye penetration. Significance. mu CT has proven to be a powerful technique in quantifying polymerization shrinkage and corresponding microleakage for clinically relevant cavity geometries. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Academy of Dental Materials. C1 [Sun, Jirun; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Eidelman, Naomi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin-Gibson, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM slgibson@nist.gov FU NIDCR/NIST Interagency Agreement [Y1-DE-7005-01] FX Financial support was provided through an NIDCR/NIST Interagency Agreement Y1-DE-7005-01. We would like to thank Drs. Gary E. Schumacher, Joseph M. Antonucci, Marcus T. Cicerone, Martin Chiang, Diana N. Zeiger, and Nancy J. Lin for their helpful discussions. NR 24 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 314 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2008.07.010 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 416JB UT WOS:000264001000005 PM 18762335 ER PT J AU Schaefer, AM Goldstein, JD Reif, JS Fair, PA Bossart, GD AF Schaefer, Adam M. Goldstein, Juli D. Reif, John S. Fair, Patricia A. Bossart, Gregory D. TI Antibiotic-Resistant Organisms Cultured from Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) Inhabiting Estuarine Waters of Charleston, SC and Indian River Lagoon, FL SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus); Antibiotic-resistant organisms; Indian River Lagoon; Charleston Harbor ID ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; SOUTH-CAROLINA; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; FECAL STREPTOCOCCI; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UNITED-STATES; PATTERNS; BACTERIA; POLLUTION AB Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from estuarine waters of Indian River Lagoon, FL (IRL) and Charleston, SC (CHS) were cultured to screen for microorganism colonization and to assess antibiotic sensitivity. Swabs (n = 909) were collected from the blowhole, gastric fluid, and feces of 171 individual dolphins The most frequently cultured organisms were Plesiomonas shigelloides (n = 161), Aeromonas hydrophila (n = 144), Escherichia coli (n = 85), and Pseudomonas fluorescens (n = 82). In descending frequency, organisms demonstrated resistance to erythromycin, ampicillin, and cephalothin. Human and animal pathogens resistant to antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine were cultured. Escherichia coli (E. coli) more often was resistant in IRL dolphins. Three cases of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were found at CHS. Emergence of antibiotic resistance is not confined to humans. Bottlenose dolphins may serve as sentinels for transfer of resistance from humans and animals or indicate that antibiotics are reaching the marine environment and causing resistance to emerge through selective pressure and genetic adaptation. C1 [Schaefer, Adam M.; Goldstein, Juli D.; Bossart, Gregory D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch, Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Reif, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fair, Patricia A.] NOS, NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. RP Schaefer, AM (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch, Oceanog Inst, 5600 US 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM aschaefer@hboi.fau.edu NR 38 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD MAR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 1 BP 33 EP 41 DI 10.1007/s10393-009-0221-5 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 507FK UT WOS:000270837100007 PM 19415386 ER PT J AU Kaplan, DM Botsford, LW O'Farrell, MR Gaines, SD Jorgensen, S AF Kaplan, David M. Botsford, Louis W. O'Farrell, Michael R. Gaines, Steven D. Jorgensen, Salvador TI Model-based assessment of persistence in proposed marine protected area designs SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE California coastline, USA; fisheries management; fishing; habitat distributions; larval dispersal; marine conservation; marine protected areas; metapopulations; modeling; persistence; rockfish; Sebastes spp. ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; PROPAGULE DISPERSAL; RESERVE DESIGN; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; LARVAL DISPERSAL; SUSTAINABILITY; YIELD; ENVIRONMENTS; BIODIVERSITY; PERSPECTIVE AB Assessment of marine protected areas (MPAs) requires the ability to quantify the effects of proposed MPA size and placement, habitat distribution, larval dispersal, and fishing on the persistence of protected populations. Here we describe a model-based approach to assessment of the contribution of a network of marine protected areas to the persistence of populations with a sedentary adult phase and a dispersing larval phase. The model integrates the effects of a patchy spatial distribution of habitat, the spatial scale of larval dispersal, and the level of fishing outside of reserves into a calculation of the spatial distribution of equilibrium settlement. We use the amount of coastline predicted to have equilibrium settlement rates that saturate post-settlement habitat as a response variable for the assessment and comparison of MPA network designs. We apply this model to a set of recently proposed MPA networks for the central coast of California, USA. Results show that the area of habitat set aside is a good predictor of the area over which population levels will be high for short-distance dispersers. However, persistence of longer distance dispersers depends critically on the spatial distribution of habitat and reserves, ranging from not persistent anywhere to persistent over a greater area than that set aside in reserves. These results depend on the mechanisms of persistence, with self-replacement supporting short-distance dispersers and network effects supporting long-distance dispersers. Persistence also depends critically on fishery status outside the MPAs, as well as how fishing effort is redistributed after MPA implementation. This assessment method provides important benchmarks, as well as a transparent modeling approach, for improving initial MPA configurations that may result from less-comprehensive rule- or habitat-based methods of designing MPAs. C1 [Kaplan, David M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Botsford, Louis W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [O'Farrell, Michael R.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 94920 USA. [Gaines, Steven D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Gaines, Steven D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Jorgensen, Salvador] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Tuna Res & Conservat Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Jorgensen, Salvador] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Kaplan, DM (reprint author), Inst Rech Dev, Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneenne & Trop, Av Jean Monnet,BP 171, F-34203 Sete, France. EM David.Kaplan@ird.fr RI Kaplan, David M./G-5230-2010 OI Kaplan, David M./0000-0001-6087-359X FU Resource Legacy Fund Foundation FX This work was supported by a grant from the Resource Legacy Fund Foundation. The authors thank the science advisory team to the California MLPA process, Steve Ralston, and two anonymous reviewers for all of their many helpful comments and suggestions. NR 48 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 21 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 2 BP 433 EP 448 DI 10.1890/07-1705.1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 412IV UT WOS:000263719400013 PM 19323201 ER PT J AU Hart, DR Sissenwine, MP AF Hart, Deborah R. Sissenwine, Michael P. TI Marine reserve effects on fishery profits: a comment on White et al. (2008) SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Marine reserves; marine protected areas; density dependence; fisheries management; bioeconomics ID YIELD; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; JUVENILE; ATLANTIC; DYNAMICS; GROWTH AB A recent study (White et al. 2008) claimed that fishery profits will often be higher with management that employs no-take marine reserves than conventional fisheries management alone. However, this conclusion was based on the erroneous assumption that all landed fish have equal value regardless of size, and questionable assumptions regarding density-dependence. Examination of an age-structured version of theWhite et al. (2008) model demonstrates that their results are not robust to these assumptions. Models with more realistic assumptions generally do not indicate increased fishery yield or profits from marine reserves except for overfished stocks. C1 [Hart, Deborah R.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Sissenwine, Michael P.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Hart, DR (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM deborah.hart@noaa.gov NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 12 IS 3 BP E9 EP E11 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01272.x PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 409QE UT WOS:000263520100003 PM 19245586 ER PT J AU Semmens, BX Moore, JW Ward, EJ AF Semmens, Brice X. Moore, Jonathan W. Ward, Eric J. TI Improving Bayesian isotope mixing models: a response to Jackson et al. (2009) SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Mixing model; MixSIR; model selection; stable isotope AB We recently described a Bayesian framework for stable isotope mixing models and provided a software tool, MixSIR, for conducting such analyses (Ecol. Lett., 2008; 11:470). Jackson et al. (Ecol. Lett., 2009; 12:E1) criticized the performance of our software based on tests using simulated data. However, their simulation data were flawed, rendering claims of erroneous behaviour inaccurate. A re-evaluation of the MixSIR source code did, however, uncover two minor coding errors, which we have fixed. When data are correctly simulated according to eqns (1)-(4) in Jackson et al. (2009), MixSIR consistently and accurately estimated the proportional contribution of prey to a predator diet, and was surprisingly robust to additional unquantified error. Jackson et al. (2009) also suggested we use a Dirichlet prior on the source proportion parameters, which we agree with. Finally, Jackson et al. (2009) propose adding additional error parameters to our mixing model framework. We caution that such increases in model complexity should be evaluated based on data support. C1 [Semmens, Brice X.; Ward, Eric J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Moore, Jonathan W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Semmens, BX (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM brice.semmens@noaa.gov NR 7 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 12 IS 3 BP E6 EP E8 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01283.x PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 409QE UT WOS:000263520100002 PM 19245585 ER PT J AU Boughton, DA Fish, H Pope, J Holt, G AF Boughton, D. A. Fish, H. Pope, J. Holt, G. TI Spatial patterning of habitat for Oncorhynchus mykiss in a system of intermittent and perennial streams SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE steelhead trout; self-fining; Mediterranean climate; California ID JUVENILE STEELHEAD TROUT; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; MOUNTAIN DRAINAGE BASINS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POPULATION-SIZE; SALMO-TRUTTA; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CHANNEL NETWORKS; FISH ASSEMBLAGE AB The salmonid Oncorhynchus mykiss tends to inhabit forested or snow-fed streams having cold reliable flows, but in the California chaparral they inhabit rain-fed stream networks with extensive areas of intermittent flow. We hypothesised that hydrological mechanisms in such watersheds tend to spatially segregate spawning and over-summering habitats, and tested the hypothesis using observations from a series of tributaries in a pristine watershed. Consistent with the hypothesis, reaches with suitably sized spawning gravels tended to occur in intermittent tributaries, and also the perennial mainstem (which was too warm for over-summering). In early summer, juvenile O. mykiss (< 10 cm) occurred at similar densities in the intermittent and perennial tributaries, but larger fish had greater densities in perennial tributaries. Large wood debris would be expected to mitigate the spatial segregation of habitats somewhat, but was scarce, though stream-side outcrops appeared to partially compensate by forcing gravel bars in high-gradient channels. C1 [Boughton, D. A.; Fish, H.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Pope, J.; Holt, G.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Joint Inst Marine Observat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Boughton, DA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM David.Boughton@noaa.gov FU SW Fisheries Science Center FX We thank W. Cotton, H. Williams, C. Fischer, L. Smith, L. Gould, L. Borzini, K. Malengo and the San Francisco Zen Center for providing access to field sites. NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Science Center funded the work. S.T. Lindley, D. Rundio, P. Adams, and E. Danner provided helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 86 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD MAR PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 92 EP 105 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2008.00328.x PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 408RB UT WOS:000263451300012 ER PT J AU Outcalt, S Laesecke, A Freund, MB AF Outcalt, Stephanie Laesecke, Arno Freund, Malte Brian TI Density and Speed of Sound Measurements of Jet A and S-8 Aviation Turbine Fuels SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article AB The density and speed of sound were measured for three samples of aviation jet fuel A and a synthetic fuel (S-8) derived from the Fischer-Tropsch process. Measurements of density and speed of sound were carried out at ambient pressure (83 kPa) with a rapid characterization instrument from 278.15 to 343.15 K. Density measurements of the compressed liquids ranged from 270 to 470 K with pressures to 30 MPa. A total of 529 experimental points are reported. The density measurements are correlated within 0.1% with a modified Tait equation, and adiabatic compressibilities are derived from the density and speed of sound data at ambient pressure. C1 [Outcalt, Stephanie; Laesecke, Arno; Freund, Malte Brian] NIST, Expt Properties Fluids Grp, Thermophys Properties Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Outcalt, S (reprint author), NIST, Expt Properties Fluids Grp, Thermophys Properties Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM outcalt@boulder.nist.gov FU Air Force Research Laboratory [F4FBEY5102G001]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [MIPR FIATA06004G004] FX We acknowledge the financial support of the Air Force Research Laboratory (MIPR F4FBEY5102G001) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (MIPR FIATA06004G004). We also acknowledge Tim Edwards for suggestions that improved the manuscript. NR 7 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 23 BP 1626 EP 1633 DI 10.1021/ef800888q PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 436TM UT WOS:000265439000064 ER PT J AU Lovestead, TM Bruno, TJ AF Lovestead, Tara M. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Application of the Advanced Distillation Curve Method to the Aviation Fuel Avgas 100LL SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID SURROGATE MIXTURE MODEL; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; IMPROVEMENTS; COMBUSTION; ENTHALPY; GASOLINE; FLUIDS; S-8; CUT AB We have recently introduced several important improvements in the measurement of distillation curves for complex fluids. First, we incorporate a composition explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for qualitative, quantitative, and trace analysis). Moreover, the temperature, volume, and pressure measurements are of low uncertainty, and the temperatures are true thermodynamic state points that can be modeled with an equation of state. These two features make the measurements suitable for equation of state development. The approach also provides consistency with a century of historical data, an assessment of the energy content of each distillate fraction, and, where needed, a corrosivity assessment of each distillate fraction. The most significant modification is achieved with a new on-the-fly sampling approach that allows precise qualitative identification as well as quantitative analyses of each fraction. We have applied this new method, the advanced distillation curve method, to the measurement of rocket propellant, diesel fuels, gasoline, and jet fuels. In this paper, we apply this method to low-lead aviation gasoline, avgas 100LL, and compare the results with those for 91 AI (antiknock index) motor gasoline. We present the distillation curves and track the composite enthalpy of combustion and the molar concentration of tetraethyl lead throughout the distillation. C1 [Lovestead, Tara M.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU Professional Research Experiences Program (PREP) postdoctoral fellowship at NIST FX Contribution of the United States government; not subject to copyright in the United States. T.M.L. acknowledges a Professional Research Experiences Program (PREP) postdoctoral fellowship at NIST. NR 39 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 23 BP 2176 EP 2183 DI 10.1021/ef8011189 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 436TM UT WOS:000265439000138 ER PT J AU Bruno, TJ Wolk, A Naydich, A AF Bruno, Thomas J. Wolk, Arron Naydich, Alexander TI Composition-Explicit Distillation Curves for Mixtures of Gasoline with Four-Carbon Alcohols (Butanols) SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID DECREASED PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; DIESEL FUEL; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; AVIATION FUEL; IMPROVEMENTS; ETHANOL; BIOMASS; MODEL; ENTHALPY; BLENDS AB Interest in the domestic production of bioderived fuels, sparked by the high cost of petroleum crude oil, has led to consideration of fluids to replace or extend conventional petroleum-derived fuels. While ethanol as a gasoline extender has received a great deal of attention, this fluid has numerous problems, such as aggressive behavior toward engine components and a relatively low energy content. For these and other reasons, the butanols have been studied as gasoline extenders. For any extender to be designed or adopted, a suitable knowledge base of thermophysical properties is a critical requirement. In this paper, we provide volatility measurements of mixtures of a typical gasoline with n-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutanol, and t-butanol, performed with the advanced distillation curve metrology. This recently introduced technique is an improvement of classical approaches, featuring (1) a composition-explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for both qualitative and quantitative analyses), (2) temperature measurements that are true thermodynamic state points that can be modeled with an equation of state, (3) temperature, volume, and pressure measurements of low uncertainty suitable for equation of state development, (4) consistency with a century of historical data, (5) an assessment of the energy content of each distillate fraction, (6) trace chemical analysis of each distillate fraction, and (7) corrosivity assessment of each distillate fraction. We have applied the new method to fundamental work with hydrocarbon mixtures and azeotropic mixtures and also to real fuels. The fuels that we have measured include rocket propellants, gasolines, jet fuels, diesel fuels (including oxygenated diesel fuel and biodiesel fuels), and crude oils. C1 [Bruno, Thomas J.; Wolk, Arron; Naydich, Alexander] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov RI Wolk, Arron/G-8968-2013 OI Wolk, Arron/0000-0002-5269-7319 NR 58 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 23 BP 2295 EP 2306 DI 10.1021/ef801117c PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 436TM UT WOS:000265439000156 ER PT J AU Heublein, JC Kelly, JT Crocker, CE Klimley, AP Lindley, ST AF Heublein, Joseph C. Kelly, John T. Crocker, Carlos E. Klimley, A. Peter Lindley, Steven T. TI Migration of green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris, in the Sacramento River SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Ultrasonic telemetry; Acipenserids; Migration; Movement; Behavior ID ROGUE RIVER; CALIFORNIA; MOVEMENT; PATTERNS; KLAMATH; OREGON; USA AB Adult green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris, were collected in San Pablo Bay, California, and surgically implanted with ultrasonic acoustic tags from 2004 to 2006. An array of automated acoustic monitors was maintained in the Sacramento River to record movements of these fish. We presumed movements to known spawning areas (based on previous green sturgeon egg collections) or areas with potential spawning habitat (characterized by substrate, flow, and temperature criteria) represented a "spawning migration." Three separate annual "spawning migrations" were recorded involving 15 individuals. The majority of the Sacramento River migrants entered the system in the months of March and April. Two different patterns of "spawning migration" and out-migration were observed. Six individuals potentially spawned, over-summered and moved out of the river with the first fall flow event. This is believed to be the common behavior of the green sturgeon. Alternatively, nine individuals promptly moved out of the Sacramento River before 1 September, and any known flow or temperature cue. Some green sturgeon appeared to be impeded on their upstream movement by the 15 May closure of the Red Bluff Diversion Dam, and at least five passed under the dam gates during downstream migration. A delay in the closure of the Red Bluff Diversion Dam would likely allow upstream passage of spawning green sturgeon, further, the potential mortality affects of downstream passage beneath the Red Bluff Diversion Dam should be assessed. Specific protection should be also given to the large aggregation of green sturgeon located in the reach of the Sacramento River adjacent to the Glen Colusa Irrigation District pumping facility. C1 [Heublein, Joseph C.; Kelly, John T.; Klimley, A. Peter] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Crocker, Carlos E.] Western Univ Hlth Sci, Coll Vet Med, Pomona, CA 91766 USA. [Lindley, Steven T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Heublein, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jcheublein@yahoo.com RI Lindley, Steven/G-3997-2014 OI Lindley, Steven/0000-0001-9556-0411 FU CALFED Science Program; NOAA Fisheries Species of Concern Program FX This research was supported by the CALFED Science Program (JCH, JTK, CEC, APK), and the NOAA Fisheries Species of Concern Program (STL). M. Moser (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center) and O. Langness, B. James, M. Howell, S. West, E. Evans, C. Black, B. Pickering, D. Farrer and B. Cady (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife) tagged green sturgeon in southwestern Washington. M. Holm, M. Fontes, and M. Manual captured fish in San Pablo Bay and the Sacramento River. Egg testing was carried out by Joel Vaneenanaam University of California, Davis, Center for Aquatic Biology and Aquaculture). R. Null (United States Fish and Wildlife Service) provided monitor array assistance. A. Ammann, H. Fish and D. Rundio (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center) helped operate the Golden Gate array. NR 14 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAR PY 2009 VL 84 IS 3 BP 245 EP 258 DI 10.1007/s10641-008-9432-9 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 408EI UT WOS:000263417900002 ER PT J AU Laetz, CA Baldwin, DH Collier, TK Hebert, V Stark, JD Scholz, NL AF Laetz, Cathy A. Baldwin, David H. Collier, Tracy K. Hebert, Vincent Stark, John D. Scholz, Nathaniel L. TI The Synergistic Toxicity of Pesticide Mixtures: Implications for Risk Assessment and the Conservation of Endangered Pacific Salmon SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE acetylcholinesterase; carbamates; conservation; organophosphates; pesticides; risk assessment; salmon; synergy; toxicity ID CHINOOK SALMON; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; CHLORPYRIFOS; INSECTICIDES; TOXICOLOGY; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; STREAMS; MODE; FISH AB BACKGROUND: Mixtures of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides are commonly detected in freshwater habitats that support threatened and endangered species of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.). These pesticides inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and thus have potential to interfere with behaviors that may be essential for salmon survival. Although the effects of individual anticholinesterase insecticides on aquatic species have been studied for decades, the neurotoxicity of mixtures is still poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: We assessed whether chemicals in a mixture act in isolation (resulting in additive AChE inhibition) or whether components interact to produce either antagonistic or synergistic toxicity. METHODS: We measured brain AChE inhibition in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) exposed to sublethal concentrations of the organophosphates diazinon, malathion, and chlorpyrifos, as well as the carbamates carbaryl and carbofuran. Concentrations of individual chemicals were normalized to their respective median effective concentrations (EC(50)) and collectively fit to a nonlinear regression. We used this curve to determine whether toxicologic responses to binary mixtures were additive, antagonistic, or synergistic. RESULTS: We observed addition and synergism, with a greater degree of synergism at higher exposure concentrations. Several combinations of organophosphates were lethal at concentrations that were sublethal in single-chemical trials. CONCLUSION: Single-chemical risk assessments are likely to underestimate the impacts of these insecticides on salmon in river systems where mixtures occur. Moreover, mixtures of pesticides that have been commonly reported in salmon habitats may pose a more important challenge for species recovery than previously anticipated. C1 [Laetz, Cathy A.; Baldwin, David H.; Collier, Tracy K.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hebert, Vincent] Washington State Univ, Food & Environm Qual Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Stark, John D.] Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ecotoxicol Program, Puyallup, WA USA. RP Scholz, NL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM nathaniel.scholz@noaa.gov RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Protected Resources; Coastal Storms Program FX The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Protected Resources and Coastal Storms Program provided financial support for this research. NR 48 TC 107 Z9 112 U1 8 U2 103 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 117 IS 3 BP 348 EP 353 DI 10.1289/ehp.0800096 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 415KV UT WOS:000263933600020 PM 19337507 ER PT J AU Lovell, SJ Drake, LA AF Lovell, Sabrina J. Drake, Lisa A. TI Tiny Stowaways: Analyzing the Economic Benefits of a US Environmental Protection Agency Permit Regulating Ballast Water Discharges SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aquatic invasive species; US Environmental Protection Agency; Economic impacts; Harmful algal bloom; Invasive microorganisms; Viral hemorrhagic septicemia ID ALGA AUREOCOCCUS-ANOPHAGEFFERENS; HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; BROWN TIDE; OCEAN EXCHANGE; GREAT-LAKES; SHIPS; BLOOMS; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE-O1; MORTALITY AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has proposed permitting ballast water discharges-a benefit of which would be to reduce the economic damages associated with the introduction and spread of aquatic invasive species. Research on ship-borne aquatic invasive species has been conducted in earnest for decades, but determining the economic damages they cause remains troublesome. Furthermore, with the exception of harmful algal blooms, the economic consequences of microscopic invaders have not been studied, despite their potentially great negative effects. In this paper, we show how to estimate the economic benefits of preventing the introduction and spread of harmful bacteria, microalgae, and viruses delivered in U.S. waters. Our calculations of net social welfare show the damages from a localized incident, cholera-causing bacteria found in shellfish in the Gulf of Mexico, to be approximately $706,000 (2006$). On a larger scale, harmful algal species have the potential to be transported in ships' ballast tanks, and their effects in the United States have been to reduce commercial fisheries landings and impair water quality. We examine the economic repercussions of one bloom-forming species. Finally, we consider the possible translocation within the Great Lakes of a virus that has the potential to harm commercial and recreational fisheries. These calculations illustrate an approach to quantifying the benefits of preventing invasive aquatic microorganisms from controls on ballast water discharges. C1 [Lovell, Sabrina J.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Drake, Lisa A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Naval Res Lab, Key West, FL 33041 USA. RP Lovell, SJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Sabrina.Lovell@noaa.gov FU U.S. EPA; U.S. Coast Guard Academy FX We appreciate Steve Heath, Alabama Department of Environmental Management, and Lewis Byrd, Alabama Health Department, for providing the oyster landing data for Mobile Bay. Thanks are due to Philip Jenkins, of Philip T. Jenkins and Associates Limited, and Glen Nekvasil, of the Lakes Carriers' Association, for their assistance in estimating the Great Lakes vessels' transit time. Gary Whelan of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources generously provided data regarding viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus fish kills. David Simpson, Joel Corona, and Ryan Albert of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provided insightful comments. This work received no financial support by the U.S. EPA, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, or other organizations. This work was conducted while Sabrina Lovell was employed by the U.S. EPA and Lisa Drake was employed at the U.S. Coast Guard Academy. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 43 IS 3 BP 546 EP 555 DI 10.1007/s00267-008-9215-2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 409YM UT WOS:000263541700016 PM 18853223 ER PT J AU Brooks, R McKenney-Easterling, M Brinson, M Rheinhardt, R Havens, K O'Brien, D Bishop, J Rubbo, J Armstrong, B Hite, J AF Brooks, R. McKenney-Easterling, M. Brinson, M. Rheinhardt, R. Havens, K. O'Brien, D. Bishop, J. Rubbo, J. Armstrong, B. Hite, J. TI A Stream-Wetland-Riparian (SWR) index for assessing condition of aquatic ecosystems in small watersheds along the Atlantic slope of the eastern US SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article CT 8th Symposium of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Washington, DC DE Assessment; Ecological indicators; Mid-Atlantic; Riparian; Streams; Wetlands ID MID-ATLANTIC; LAND-COVER; RIVERINE LANDSCAPES; ECOLOGY; BIODIVERSITY; PENNSYLVANIA; DISTURBANCE; INTEGRITY; EXAMPLE AB As part of a regional study by the Atlantic Slope Consortium (ASC) to develop ecological and socioeconomic indicators of aquatic ecosystem condition, we developed and tested a protocol for rapidly assessing condition of the stream, wetland, and riparian components of freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Aspects of hydrology, vegetation, in-stream and wetland characteristics, and on-site stressors were measured in the field. The resulting metrics were used to develop an index of overall condition, termed the Stream Wetland-Riparian (SWR) Index. Values of this Index were compared to existing biotic indices and chemical measures, and to a Landscape Index created using satellite-based land cover data and a geographic information system (GIS). Comparisons were made at several levels of spatial aggregation and resolution, from site to small watershed. The SWR Index and associated Landscape Indices were shown to correlate highly with biological indicators of stream condition at the site level and for small contributing areas. The landscape patterns prevalent throughout the entire watershed do not necessarily match the patterns found adjacent to the stream network. We suggest a top-down approach that managers can use to sequentially apply these methods, to first prioritize watersheds based on a relative condition measure provided by the Landscape Index, and then assess condition and diagnose stressors of aquatic resources at the subwatershed and site level. C1 [Brooks, R.; McKenney-Easterling, M.; Bishop, J.; Rubbo, J.; Armstrong, B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, Penn State Cooperat Wetlands Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Brinson, M.; Rheinhardt, R.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Havens, K.; O'Brien, D.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [O'Brien, D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Habitat Conservat Div, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Rubbo, J.] Hudson River Sloop Clearwater Inc, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601 USA. [Armstrong, B.] Wallace & Pancher Inc, Hermitage, PA 16148 USA. [Hite, J.] Rettew, Lancaster, PA 17603 USA. RP Brooks, R (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, Penn State Cooperat Wetlands Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM rpb2@psu.edu; O'Brien@noaa.gov; jrubbo@gmail.com; barmstrong@wallacepancher.com; jhite@rettew.com NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 101 EP 117 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0673-z PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 404NM UT WOS:000263159900010 PM 19082749 ER PT J AU DiDonato, GT DiDonato, EM Smith, LM Harwell, LC Summers, JK AF DiDonato, Guy T. DiDonato, Eva M. Smith, Lisa M. Harwell, Linda C. Summers, J. Kevin TI Assessing coastal waters of American Samoa: territory-wide water quality data provide a critical "big-picture" view for this tropical archipelago SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article CT 8th Symposium of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Washington, DC DE American Samoa; Coastal water quality; Probabilistic design; South Pacific ID CORAL-REEFS; COMMUNITIES; ESTUARIES; FLORIDA AB The coastal waters of American Samoa's five high islands (Tutuila, Aunu'u, Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'u) were surveyed in 2004 using a probabilistic design. Water quality data were collected from the near-shore coastal habitat, defined as all near-shore coastal waters including embayments, extending out to 1/4 mile off-shore. Hydrography and water column samples were collected, and water quality data were compared to the Territorial water quality standards for pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), Enterococcus, chlorophyll a, water clarity, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. All station measurements for pH, DO, and Enterococcus satisfied the local water quality standards, although some fraction of the Territory could not be assessed for either DO or Enterococcus. With respect to chlorophyll a, 66 +/- 18% of Territory coastal waters complied with the standard, while 34 +/- 18% failed to comply with the standard. For water clarity, 54 +/- 18% of the Territorial waters complied with the standard while 42 +/- 7% failed to comply. Territorial waters satisfied the standards for total nitrogen and phosphorus 72 +/- 17% and 92 +/- 10%, respectively. These data provide the first "big-picture" view of water quality in the near shore region around the high islands of American Samoa. While the picture is encouraging, these data suggest emerging water quality concerns. C1 [DiDonato, Guy T.] Amer Samoa Environm Protect Agcy, Pago Pago, AS 96799 USA. [DiDonato, Eva M.] Natl Pk Amer Samoa, Pago Pago, AS 96799 USA. [Smith, Lisa M.; Harwell, Linda C.; Summers, J. Kevin] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RP DiDonato, GT (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM guy.didonato@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0674-y PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 404NM UT WOS:000263159900014 PM 19082748 ER PT J AU Engle, VD Hyland, JL Cooksey, C AF Engle, V. D. Hyland, Jeffrey L. Cooksey, Cynthia TI Effects of Hurricane Katrina on benthic macroinvertebrate communities along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article CT 8th Symposium of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Washington, DC DE Hurricane effects; Benthos Estuarine dynamics; Salinity effects; Gulf of Mexico ID LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN; MULTIPLE HURRICANES; LOUISIANA; SEDIMENTS; IMPACTS; MARINE; STRESS; ESTUARIES; RESPONSES; QUALITY AB The effects of Hurricane Katrina on benthic fauna and habitat quality in coastal waters of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, USA, were assessed in October, 2005, 2 months after the hurricane made landfall between New Orleans, LA and Biloxi, MS. Benthic macrofaunal samples, sediment chemical concentrations, and water quality measurements from 60 sites in Lake Pontchartrain and Mississippi Sound were compared with pre-hurricane conditions from 2000-2004. Post-hurricane benthic communities had significant reductions in numbers of taxa, H' diversity, and abundance as well as shifts in composition and ranking of dominant taxa. These effects were not associated with changes in chemical contamination, organic enrichment of sediments, or hypoxia and were likely due to hurricane-related scouring and changes in salinity. C1 [Engle, V. D.] US EPA, ORD NHEERL Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Hyland, Jeffrey L.; Cooksey, Cynthia] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Engle, VD (reprint author), US EPA, ORD NHEERL Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM engle.virginia@epa.gov NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 193 EP 209 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0677-8 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 404NM UT WOS:000263159900017 PM 19052887 ER PT J AU Johnson, WE Kimbrough, KL Lauenstein, GG Christensen, J AF Johnson, W. E. Kimbrough, K. L. Lauenstein, G. G. Christensen, J. TI Chemical contamination assessment of Gulf of Mexico oysters in response to hurricanes Katrina and Rita SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article CT 8th Symposium of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Washington, DC DE Chemical contamination; Hurricane Katrina; Storms; Oyster tissue ID AMERICAN OYSTERS; WATER-QUALITY; TRACE-METALS; SEDIMENT; DISTRIBUTIONS; ESTUARIES; CHEMISTRY; SALINITY; BIVALVES; CAROLINA AB Hurricane Katrina made landfall on August 29, 2005 and caused widespread devastation along the central Gulf Coast states. Less than a month later Hurricane Rita followed a similar track slightly west of Katrina's. A coordinated multi-agency response followed to collect water, sediment and tissue samples for a variety of chemical, biological and toxicological indicators. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Status and Trends Program (NS&T) participated in this effort by measuring chemical contamination in sediment and oyster tissue as part of the Mussel Watch Program, a long-term monitoring program to assess spatial and temporal trends in a wide range of coastal pollutants. This paper describes results for contaminants measured in oyster tissue collected between September 29 and October 10, 2005 and discusses the results in the context of Mussel Watch and its 20-year record of chemical contamination in the region and the nation. In general, levels of metals in oyster tissue were higher then pre- hurricane levels while organic contaminants were at or near record lows. No contaminant reported here exceeded the FDA action level for food safety. C1 [Johnson, W. E.; Lauenstein, G. G.; Christensen, J.] NOAA NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kimbrough, K. L.] IM Syst Grp Inc, Kensington, MD USA. RP Johnson, WE (reprint author), NOAA NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, 1305 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM ed.johnson@noaa.gov RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 NR 41 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 211 EP 225 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0676-9 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 404NM UT WOS:000263159900018 PM 19051046 ER PT J AU White, DL Wolf, D Porter, DE Sanger, DM Riekerk, GHM DiDonato, G Holland, AF Dabney, D AF White, David L. Wolf, Danna Porter, Dwayne E. Sanger, Denise M. Riekerk, George H. M. DiDonato, Guy Holland, A. Fred Dabney, David TI Development of a data management framework in support of southeastern tidal creek research SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Washington, DC DE Database; Contaminants; Human dimensions; Southeast; Tidal creek; Southeast; Water quality ID CAROLINA COASTAL ESTUARIES; SALT-MARSH SEDIMENTS AB The NOAA Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health Initiative (OHHI) at the Hollings Marine Laboratory (HML) is developing a data management framework that supports an integrated research program across scientific disciplines. The primary focus of the database is to support environmental research focused on tidal creek watershed systems. Specifically, the current data holdings include physical water quality parameters, nutrients, pathogens, chemical contaminants, benthic and nekton species abundances and human dimensions data from Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina dating to 1994. These data are not from a single long-term research project but are derived from several state and federal research programs and integrated into a common database model to support current research being conducted under the OHHI program at HML. The Tidal Creek database was developed with the intent to support a well documented and open system, thus metadata elements from common metadata standards including the Dublin Core ISO 15836: 2003 and Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC-STD-001-1998) are components of the database model. The result is a semantic database frame-work with descriptive ancillary data at the record level including methods, investigator names, date, locations and other descriptive elements. The primary users of the database are project personnel to meet analytical needs. The database is also available through a number of web-based applications that are designed to give users the necessary information to evaluate and access data. In addition, data can be accessed with Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards, and species records and abundances are being made available to the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS). Overall, the Tidal Creek database summarizes the response of tidal creeks and watersheds to coastal development, and serves as a repository for environmental, demographic, and socioeconomic data in the Southeast. C1 [Wolf, Danna; DiDonato, Guy; Holland, A. Fred; Dabney, David] NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [White, David L.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Porter, Dwayne E.] Univ S Carolina, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Porter, Dwayne E.] Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Sanger, Denise M.] S Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. [Riekerk, George H. M.] Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Wolf, D (reprint author), NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM danna.wolf@noaa.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 323 EP 331 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0233-6 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 404NM UT WOS:000263159900027 PM 18418722 ER PT J AU Ogburn, MB Forward, RB AF Ogburn, Matthew B. Forward, Richard B., Jr. TI Ingress of Brachyuran Crab Post-larvae to the Newport River Estuary SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Coastal inlets; Larval transport; Behavior; Callinectes sapidus; Uca spp.; Pachygrapsus transversus ID FLOOD-TIDE TRANSPORT; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS RATHBUN; BLUE-CRAB; CHESAPEAKE BAY; ARTIFICIAL COLLECTORS; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; STREAM TRANSPORT; SOUTH-CAROLINA; YORK-RIVER; MEGALOPAE AB Planktonic larvae of estuarine species often develop in the coastal ocean and return to estuaries using favorable currents. This study investigated spatial distributions of brachyuran crab post-larvae during ingress to the Newport River estuary, North Carolina, USA (34A degrees 41' N, 76A degrees 40' W). Nearshore plankton tows were conducted across the inlet to the estuary. Settlement on passive 'hog's hair' collectors was simultaneously monitored in each of four estuarine channels. Callinectes sapidus density was highest east of the inlet, whereas relative estuarine abundance was higher in western channels. In separate sampling with collectors at coastal and estuarine locations, spatial distributions of post-larvae were consistent through time but differed for C. sapidus, Uca spp., and Pachygrapsus transversus. The diel timing of C. sapidus settlement on collectors was determined at the coast and compared to previous studies of settlement in the estuary. Behavioral responses to environmental cues may alter transport pathways from those predicted by hydrodynamic models. C1 [Ogburn, Matthew B.; Forward, Richard B., Jr.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Ogburn, MB (reprint author), NOAA Sponsored Programs, Box 20228,3219 Coll St, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. EM ogburnm@savstate.edu OI Ogburn, Matthew/0000-0001-5417-555X FU North Carolina [2004-1772-01/33/43] FX This material is based on research supported by North Carolina Sea Grants 2004-1772-01/33/43. We thank Dr. H. Diaz, Z. Darnell, E. LaBrecque, and the crew of the R/V Susan Hudson for technical support and R. Luettich, D. Rittschof, Z. Darnell, T. Ziegler and two anonymous reviewers for comments that have greatly improved the manuscript. We would also like to thank Cape Lookout National Seashore, Portside Marina, Radio Island Yacht Club, Triple S fishing pier, and Sportsman's fishing pier for allowing us to conduct sampling from their facilities. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2009 VL 32 IS 2 BP 309 EP 318 DI 10.1007/s12237-009-9136-1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 407KJ UT WOS:000263361700008 ER PT J AU Nanez-James, SE Stunz, GW Holt, SA AF Nanez-James, Suraida E. Stunz, Gregory W. Holt, Scott A. TI Habitat Use Patterns of Newly Settled Southern Flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, in Aransas-Copano Bay, Texas SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Southern flounder; Nekton; Nursery habitat; EFH; Settlement; Recruitment ID NORTH-CAROLINA; SALT-MARSH; ESTUARINE NURSERY; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; SEAGRASS MEADOWS; LOUISIANA ESTUARY; MICROHABITAT USE; GALVESTON BAY; FISHES; FLATFISHES AB Southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma populations have been declining in Texas during the past 25 years. Despite their economic importance, little is known about their juvenile habitat requirements. We examined habitat use patterns of newly settled southern flounder in three zones at varying distances from the Aransas Pass inlet in Aransas-Copano Bay by measuring densities using a beam trawl in replicate estuarine habitat types in each zone. Highest abundance occurred near the inlet in vegetated sandy areas and was lowest in nonvegetated muddy bottom in regions furthest from the inlet. We also examined a 25-year fisheries data set from Texas Parks and Wildlife Department to evaluate long-term spatiotemporal recruitment patterns in Aransas-Copano Bay. These data showed generally low recruitment during the past 25 years with highest abundance near the inlets. Our results support the importance of vegetated habitat types, especially those near tidal passes, and suggest a long-term decline in recruitment densities of southern flounder. C1 [Nanez-James, Suraida E.] NOAA Fisheries, SEFC Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Stunz, Gregory W.] Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Harte Res Inst Gulf Mexico Studies, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Holt, Scott A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. RP Stunz, GW (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SEFC Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, 646 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM suraida.nanez-james@noaa.gov; greg.stunz@tamucc.edu; sholt@utmsi.edu FU Coastal Conservation Association and Texas A& M University-Corpus Christi [NA16RG078] FX We gratefully acknowledge Texas Sea Grant (Grant no. NA16RG078), Coastal Conservation Association and Texas A& M University-Corpus Christi for funding this project. We would also like to thank UTMSI, particularly Dr. Paul Montagna and Rick Kalke, for their assistance with sediment analysis, as well as Cameron Pratt and Jason Williams for their extensive work in the field and the lab. A special thank you to Dr. Mark Fisher, TPWD, for aiding us in obtaining monitoring data and John Wood, HRI, for helping with the spatial analysis. We greatly appreciate the time and effort, comments, suggestions, and advice from the editors and anonymous reviewers that substantially improved this manuscript. Finally, many thanks to the Fisheries Ecology Lab, especially Megan Reese, John Froeschke, Bridgette Froeschke, and Jason James along with many other undergraduates, graduates, and volunteers for their invaluable assistance in the field and laboratory. NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2009 VL 32 IS 2 BP 350 EP 359 DI 10.1007/s12237-008-9107-y PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 407KJ UT WOS:000263361700012 ER PT J AU Burke, JS Kenworthy, WJ Wood, LL AF Burke, John Selden Kenworthy, W. Judson Wood, Lisa L. TI Ontogenetic patterns of concentration indicate lagoon nurseries are essential to common grunts stocks in a Puerto Rican bay SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Haemulon; life history; migration; nursery area; insular shelf; Caribbean ID CORAL-REEF FISHES; HAEMULON-FLAVOLINEATUM; FRENCH GRUNTS; RECRUITMENT PATTERNS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MIGRATION PATTERNS; CALIFORNIA HALIBUT; FAMILY HAEMULIDAE; MARINE NURSERIES; PROTECTED AREAS AB Estimates of abundance and size of three commercially exploited grunt species indicate ontogenetic changes in habitat utilization concentrate their juveniles within the lagoon of the Bay of La Parguera, Puerto Rico. Eleven biotopes, defined by four benthic structures (reef, mangrove, vegetation beds and unconsolidated sediments) and three geographic zones (inner lagoon, outer lagoon and bank shelf) were sampled randomly by visual surveys. French, bluestriped and white grunt (Haemulon flavolineatum, Haemulon sciurus and Haemulon plumeri) were common in the bay and appeared to exhibit similar life history patterns of cross-shelf migration and habitat selection. Recently settled grunts were dispersed over vegetated and unconsolidated soft-bottom sediments of the bay. The juvenile stage occurred in highest densities in shallow lagoon biotopes among the submerged prop-roots of mangrove stands and on inshore reefs. Length data indicates that grunts migrate offshore to adult habitat via increasingly deep reefs. Indices of biotope nursery function based on standing stock estimates of juveniles identified three biotopes, all within the inner lagoon as essential habitat for juveniles of 5-10 cm length interval. This concentration of juveniles within biotopes of the lagoon could represent a bottleneck to recruitment for grunt stocks. Evidence that quantity and quality of lagoon nurseries may limit recruitment indicates that these areas represent a key component of a marine protected area designed to restore fisheries within the bay. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Burke, John Selden; Kenworthy, W. Judson; Wood, Lisa L.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Burke, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM john.burke@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Coastal Center for Fisheries and Habitat and Research (CCFHR); Coastal Center for Monitoring and Assessment (CCMA). FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and teams from Coastal Center for Fisheries and Habitat and Research (CCFHR) and Coastal Center for Monitoring and Assessment (CCMA). We are grateful to Captain Angel Nazario for his thoughtful advise and steady command, our colleagues from CCFHR, Craig Bonn, Pete Parker and Mark Fonseca, CCMA; Chris Caldow, John Christensen, Chris Jeffries, Matt Kendall and Mark Monaco, and the University of Puerto Rico; Richard Appeldoorn and Kim Foley for assistance in many aspects of this study. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 81 IS 4 BP 533 EP 543 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2008.11.023 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 411KM UT WOS:000263648500010 ER PT J AU Bernshtam, VA Ralchenko, Y Maron, Y AF Bernshtam, V. A. Ralchenko, Yu. Maron, Y. TI "Electron impact ionization of helium isoelectronic systems" SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Editorial Material AB We show that the criticism [Eur. Phys. J. D 49, 167 (2008)] of our empirical formula for electron-impact ionization of atomic ions [J. Phys B. 33, 5025 (2000)] is unjustified. C1 [Ralchenko, Yu.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bernshtam, V. A.; Maron, Y.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Bernshtam, VA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yuri.ralchenko@nist.gov RI Ralchenko, Yuri/B-7687-2011; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6060 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD MAR PY 2009 VL 51 IS 3 BP 319 EP 320 DI 10.1140/epjd/e2009-00002-4 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 442IQ UT WOS:000265835300004 ER PT J AU Jach, T Ullom, JN Elam, WT AF Jach, T. Ullom, J. N. Elam, W. T. TI The microcalorimeter X-ray detector: A true paradigm shift in X-ray spectroscopy SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Review ID EDGE SENSOR MICROCALORIMETER; ELECTROTHERMAL FEEDBACK; EMISSION LINES; MICROANALYSIS; CALORIMETER AB The microcalorimeter x-ray detector registers the heat deposited in an absorber from individual x-ray photons by means of a sensitive thermometer. It combines advantages of wavelength-dispersive and energy-dispersive detectors: relatively high energy resolution over a broad energy spectrum. Operating at very low temperatures reduces the noise, making the high energy resolution possible. The absorber can be tailored to any energy range, from soft x-rays to gamma rays. After many years of development, several designs have reached a level of performance and reliability that makes them competitive x-ray detectors for many kinds of experiment. We survey current microcalorimeter detectors using several different thermometers. Their applications already run from chemical analysis to plasma physics and x-ray astronomy. We describe two examples of how the microcalorimeter detector can enable novel determinations in x-ray physics. C1 [Jach, T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ullom, J. N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Elam, W. T.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Jach, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM terrence.jach@nist.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We acknowledge the assistance of J.Denlinger and other staff of the Advanced Light Source. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1951-6355 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 169 BP 237 EP 242 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2009-00998-3 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 424IR UT WOS:000264560900035 ER PT J AU Szabo, CI Indelicato, P Gumberidze, A Holland, GE Seely, JF Hudson, LT Henins, A Audebert, P Bastiani-Ceccotti, S Tabakhoff, E Brambrink, E AF Szabo, C. I. Indelicato, P. Gumberidze, A. Holland, G. E. Seely, J. F. Hudson, L. T. Henins, A. Audebert, P. Bastiani-Ceccotti, S. Tabakhoff, E. Brambrink, E. TI X-ray measurements at high-power lasers Relative conversion efficiencies of short pulse laser light into K X-ray radiation in medium to high Z elements SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER; TRANSMISSION; IGNITION AB Conversion efficiencies of laser light into K x-ray radiation are used to characterize laser-solid interactions e. g. in measurements with back-lighter targets in Inertial Confinement Fusion research or in ultra short x-ray science where ultra short laser pulses are used to create x-rays for investigation of dynamic processes. In our measurements we observed high energy (few tens of keV) K x-ray radiation of element pairs created upon impact of a 1 ps, 100 J laser pulse on the target surface. The high-energy electrons created in this interaction ionise and excite the target material. We have used high purity alloy foils of Pd and Ag, as well as In and Sn and crystals of CsI and rare earth molybdates as target materials. Both constituents of these targets were simultaneously excited in one shot. The K x-ray radiation was dispersed and detected with the LCS (LULI Crystal Spectrometer), a Cauchois-type cylindrically bent transmission-crystal spectrometer. Measuring ratios in the x-ray spectra permits determination of relative conversion efficiencies for pairs of elements under identical laser-target interaction conditions. C1 [Szabo, C. I.; Indelicato, P.; Gumberidze, A.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Lab Kastler Brossel, ENS, Paris, France. [Holland, G. E.; Seely, J. F.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hudson, L. T.; Henins, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Audebert, P.; Bastiani-Ceccotti, S.; Tabakhoff, E.; Brambrink, E.] Ecole Polytech, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Szabo, CI (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Lab Kastler Brossel, ENS, Paris, France. EM szabo@spectro.jussieu.fr RI Indelicato, Paul/D-7636-2011 OI Indelicato, Paul/0000-0003-4668-8958 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1951-6355 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 169 BP 243 EP 248 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2009-00999-2 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 424IR UT WOS:000264560900036 ER PT J AU Rose, JM Gast, RJ Bogomolni, A Ellis, JC Lentell, BJ Touhey, K Moore, M AF Rose, Julie M. Gast, Rebecca J. Bogomolni, Andrea Ellis, Julie C. Lentell, Betty J. Touhey, Kathleen Moore, Michael TI Occurrence and patterns of antibiotic resistance in vertebrates off the Northeastern United States coast SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antibiotic resistance; marine; coastal; mammals; seabirds; vertebrates ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; FECAL CONTAMINATION; SURFACE WATERS; GENES; PERSISTENCE; INTEGRONS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ENTEROCOCCI AB The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the marine environment is a growing concern, but the degree to which marine mammals, seabirds and fish harbor these organisms is not well documented. This project sought to identify the occurrence and patterns of antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from vertebrates of coastal waters in the northeastern United States. Four hundred and seventy-two isolates of clinical interest were tested for resistance to a suite of 16 antibiotics. Fifty-eight percent were resistant to at least one antibiotic, while 43% were resistant to multiple antibiotics. A multiple antibiotic resistance index value >= 0.2 was observed in 38% of the resistant pathogens, suggesting exposure of the animals to bacteria from significantly contaminated sites. Groups of antibiotics were identified for which bacterial resistance commonly co-occurred. Antibiotic resistance was more widespread in bacteria isolated from seabirds than marine mammals, and was more widespread in stranded or bycaught marine mammals than live marine mammals. Structuring of resistance patterns based on sample type (live/stranded/bycaught) but not animal group (mammal/bird/fish) was observed. These data indicate that antibiotic resistance is widespread in marine vertebrates, and they may be important reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the marine environment. C1 [Rose, Julie M.; Gast, Rebecca J.; Bogomolni, Andrea; Moore, Michael] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ellis, Julie C.] Tufts Univ, Cummings Sch Vet Med, North Grafton, MA USA. [Lentell, Betty J.] NE Fisheries Observer Program, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Touhey, Kathleen] Project IFAW, Cape Cod Stranding Network, Yarmouth Port, MA USA. RP Rose, JM (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, MS 32 Redfield 324, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jrose@whoi.edu RI Moore, Michael/E-1707-2015; OI Moore, Michael/0000-0003-3074-6631; Gast, Rebecca J/0000-0003-3875-3975 FU NOAA Coastal Ocean Program [NA05NOS4781247]; NOAA John H. Prescott Program [NA05NMF4391165, NAO6NMF4390130]; International Fund for Animal Welfare to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; NSF [OCE-0430724]; NIEHS [P50ES012742]; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Coastal Ocean Institute FX This paper is a result of research funded by the NOAA Coastal Ocean Program under award NA05NOS4781247, the NOAA John H. Prescott Program NA05NMF4391165 and NAO6NMF4390130 and the International Fund for Animal Welfare to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Support was also provided by awards NSF OCE-0430724 and NIEHS P50ES012742 to the Woods Hole Center for Ocean and Human Health, and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Coastal Ocean Institute. Research was conducted in compliance with a US Fish and Wildlife Service special purpose salvage permit, Massachusetts state permit to salvage-027.04SAL, IUCAC-# MB804639-0, IUCAC-# G87207 and NMFS Permit No. 775-1600-10. The authors are grateful to: NOAA NEFSC Protected Species and Observer Program, B. Hayward, and the many observers and captains for collection of fishery bycaught animals; R. Cook, National Park Service; Cape Cod Commercial Hook Fishermen's Association; B. Harris, Massachusetts Audubon Coastal Bird Program; Massachusetts Audubon, Wellfleet; L. Dunn, R. Rolland, G. Skomal, K. Ampela, C. Blachly, D. Rotstein, M. Garner, M. Pokras and H. Ip; M. Brady and M. Williams, Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge; and staff of the Shoals Marine Laboratory. NR 48 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 67 IS 3 BP 421 EP 431 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00648.x PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 401OZ UT WOS:000262952300008 PM 19187217 ER PT J AU Bukowski, R Nuzzolese, V AF Bukowski, Richard W. Nuzzolese, Vincenzo TI Performance-based Fire Protection of Historical Structures SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE performance-based design; historical buildings; fire protection AB Performance-based regulatory Systems (PBRS) are being implemented in many countries, replacing the traditional prescriptive systems. These PBRS are especially attractive for addressing in a rational way the special needs of unique buildings, and there are no more unique buildings than those of historical or cultural significance. Thus, performance approaches are well suited to finding the balance between the need to protect often-irreplaceable buildings and their contents and the desire to preserve the significant historical or cultural aspects of the building. In this article the authors will discuss some important considerations in using performance approaches in the development of a fire protection strategy for historical structures and will cite examples of how this was done in a recent restoration design of a historic theater in Bari, Italy. C1 [Nuzzolese, Vincenzo] Polytech Univ, Dept Architecture & Urban Planning, Bari, Italy. [Bukowski, Richard W.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nuzzolese, V (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Dept Architecture & Urban Planning, Bari, Italy. EM v.nuzzolese@poliba.it NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 23 EP 42 DI 10.1007/s10694-008-0044-x PG 20 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 403CH UT WOS:000263059100002 ER PT J AU Butry, DT AF Butry, David T. TI Economic Performance of Residential Fire Sprinkler Systems SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE building economics; benefit-cost analysis; cost-effective decision; economic analysis; fire sprinkler; life-cycle cost AB A benefit-cost analysis is performed to measure the expected present value net benefits (PVNB) resulting from the installation of a residential fire sprinkler system in a newly constructed, single-family house. The benefits and costs associated with installation and use of a fire sprinkler system are compared across three prototypical single-family house types: colonial, townhouse, and ranch. Each of the house types varies by design, size, and fire sprinkler affordability. Six fire sprinkler system designs are evaluated: a multipurpose network system, three stand-alone systems, and two stand-alone systems equipped with a backflow preventer. The sprinkler designs vary by installation cost (materials and labor cost) and required annual maintenance, but all were designed to meet the NFPA 13D standard. The estimated benefits of fire sprinklers include reductions in the following: the risk of civilian fatalities and injuries, homeowner insurance premiums, uninsured direct property losses, and uninsured indirect costs. Results show that residential sprinkler systems not requiring expensive annual upkeep or maintenance are economical. The expected PVNB in 2005 dollars is estimated as $2,967 for the colonial-style house, $3,099 for the townhouse, and $4,166 for the ranch-style house, given installation of the lowest life-cycle cost sprinkler system in each of the house types. A sensitivity analysis that measures the variability of the results to changes in the modeling assumptions confirms the robustness of the baseline analysis. C1 NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Off Appl Econ, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Butry, DT (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Off Appl Econ, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8603, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.butry@nist.gov FU U. S. Fire Administration (USFA); Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA); NISTIR [7451]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 2007 FX This study was funded by the U. S. Fire Administration (USFA) of the Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA) and extends the analysis found in D. T. Butry, M. H. Brown, and S. K. Fuller, `` Benefit-Cost Analysis of Residential Fire Sprinkler Systems,'' NISTIR 7451, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 2007. The author would like to thank the following: Larry Maruskin of the U. S. Fire Administration for supporting this project. Dan Madrzykowski, Harold Marshall, Robert Chapman, and Douglas Thomas of the National Institute of Standards and Technology for their many helpful comments and suggestions. John R. Hall, Jr., of the National Fire Protection Association, for providing invaluable assistance in analyzing the. re data; without it, this study could not have been written. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 117 EP 143 DI 10.1007/s10694-008-0054-8 PG 27 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 403CH UT WOS:000263059100006 ER PT J AU Link, JS Bogstad, B Sparholt, H Lilly, GR AF Link, Jason S. Bogstad, Bjarte Sparholt, Henrik Lilly, George R. TI Trophic role of Atlantic cod in the ecosystem SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE Competitor; ecological function; Gadus morhua; North Atlantic; predator; prey ID CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; NORTHEAST ARCTIC COD; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; CENTRAL BALTIC SEA; GADUS-MORHUA L.; HALIBUT REINHARDTIUS-HIPPOGLOSSOIDES; WHALES BALAENOPTERA-ACUTOROSTRATA; US CONTINENTAL-SHELF; BANK FISH COMMUNITY; BARENTS SEA AB As the world's oceans continue to undergo drastic changes, understanding the role of key species therein will become increasingly important. To explore the role of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua Gadidae) in the ecosystem, we reviewed biological interactions between cod and its prey, predators and competitors within six ecosystems taken from a broad geographic range: three are cod-capelin (Mallotus villosus Osmeridae) systems towards cod's northern Atlantic limit (Barents Sea, Iceland and Newfoundland-Labrador), two are more diverse systems towards the southern end of the range (North Sea and Georges Bank-Gulf of Maine), and one is a species-poor system with an unusual physical and biotic environment (Baltic Sea). We attempt a synthesis of the role of cod in these six ecosystems and speculate on how it might change in response to a variety of influences, particularly climate change, in a fashion that may apply to a wide range of species. We find cod prey, predators and competitors functionally similar in all six ecosystems. Conversely, we estimate different magnitudes for the role of cod in an ecosystem, with consequently different effects on cod, their prey and predator populations. Fishing has generally diminished the ecological role of cod. What remains unclear is how additional climate variability will alter cod stocks, and thus its role in the ecosystem. C1 [Link, Jason S.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bogstad, Bjarte] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Sparholt, Henrik] Int Council Exploitat Sea, DK-1553 Copenhagen V, Denmark. [Lilly, George R.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, NW Atlantic Fisheries Ctr, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. RP Link, JS (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jlink@mercury.wh.whoi.edu NR 214 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 11 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 EI 1467-2979 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 10 IS 1 BP 58 EP 87 DI 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2008.00295.x PG 30 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 409QG UT WOS:000263520300004 ER PT J AU von Szalay, PG Somerton, DA AF von Szalay, Paul G. Somerton, David A. TI A comparison of acoustic backscatter between a trawling and a free-running vessel for eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fish reactions; Trawling; Free-running; Bottom trawl surveys; Acoustic backscatter ID BUBBLE LAYER; FISH; TRACKING; SURFACE AB High-quality acoustic backscatter is continuously collected with Simrad ES-60 echosounders; during the annual eastern Bering Sea (EBS) bottom trawl survey. Scientists at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center are examining the potential of combining the acoustic backscatter data collected between trawl stations with the trawl catch data to improve the precision of the survey index of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) abundance. A previous study we conducted [von Szalay, P.G., Somerton, D.A., Kotwicki, S., 2007. Correlating trawl and acoustic data in the eastern Bering Sea: a first step toward improving biomass estimates of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus)? Fish. Res. 86, 77-83.1 showed a high correlation between walleye pollock trawl catches and simultaneously collected acoustic backscatter; in this study. we compared walleye pollock acoustic backscatter collected while trawling at 3 knots with that of a free-running vessel traveling at 10 knots. Acoustic data were collected by two vessels during the 2006 and 2007 EBS bottom trawl Surveys in a pair-wise fashion at 134 trawl stations. The free-running transects were conducted either immediately before or immediately after the trawl hauls and were parallel to the trawl paths but offset by approximately 250 m. The pollock acoustic backscatter was significantly greater for the trawling vessel in both the layer below the headrope and in the layer above the headrope, and was independent of the order in which the trawling and free-running transects were performed. A comparison of the seabed echo between trawling and free-running did not show a significant difference, suggesting that the discrepancy in the pollock backscatter is due to differences in fish behavior and not to differences in vessel attitude between the two operational modes. The higher backscatter values associated with trawling may be due to reactions of fish within a school that produce a coordinated swimming response, which has the potential to increase the average target strength. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [von Szalay, Paul G.; Somerton, David A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP von Szalay, PG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM paul.von.szalay@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 96 IS 2-3 BP 223 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2008.11.009 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 417PF UT WOS:000264087800013 ER PT J AU Beverly, S Curran, D Musyl, M Molony, B AF Beverly, Steve Curran, Daniel Musyl, Michael Molony, Brett TI Effects of eliminating shallow hooks from tuna longline sets on target and non-target species in the Hawaii-based pelagic tuna fishery SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bigeye tuna; Target species; Bycatch; Incidental catch; Non-target species; Lead weights; Longline; Mitigation; Sea turtles ID CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; OLIVACEA SEA-TURTLES; LEPIDOCHELYS-OLIVACEA; DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; CARETTA-CARETTA; FISHING METHODS; BY-CATCH; MORTALITY; GEAR; MOVEMENTS AB A longline experiment consisting of 45 paired sets (90 sets total) was carried out to evaluate a technique which maintains target catch rates while reducing non-target catch rates. Control sets were compared to experimental sets which eliminates the shallowest hooks (similar to less than 100 m depth). Researchers hypothesized that by eliminating shallow hooks, target catch of deeper dwelling species such as bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) would be maximized while incidental catch of many other non-target, but marketable epi-pelagic species (e.g, billfish), bycatch (discards) of other fishes and elasmobranchs, and protected sea turtles and marine mammals would be simultaneously reduced. To control for differences in fishing power, gear, and deployment techniques: a single vessel was contracted to perform all 90 paired longline sets (45 experimental sets using no-shallow-hooks and 45 control sets using standard methods). Control sets consisted of longlines that were suspended by floats on typical 30m long floatlines in catenary-type shapes that fished a range of depths. determined by temperature-depth recorders (TDRs) to be 44-211 m (27.5-11.2 C). By contrast, elimination of shallow hooks in the upper 100m of the water column (hereinafter referred to as experimental sets) was achieved by suspending the fishing portion of the mainline on 75-m long, 3 kg weighted vertical sections of mainline suspended by floats on 30 m floatlines. As determined by TDRs, this arrangement ensured that all hooks fished at depths >100 m (103-248 m: 24.8-11.3 C). Thirty percent of hooks in control sets fished at depths less than 100 in while all hooks on experimental gear fished greater than 100 m. Because many factors influence catchability, longline sets are by nature multivariate, and statistical comparisons were made between the two set types using canonical discriminant analysis (CDA). Except for the depth of shallow hooks, operational characteristics between experimental and control sets were the same. The catch rates of bigeye tuna were similar on the two sets types but the catch rate of sickle pomfret (Taractichthys steindachneri) was significantly higher (p = 0.011) in the experimental sets as compared to control sets. However, statistically fewer wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri, p = 0.019), dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus, p = 0.008), blue marlin (Makaira nigricans, p = 0.001), striped marlin (Kajikia audax, p = 0.018) and shortbill spearfish (Tetrapturus angustirostris, p = 0.006) were captured on the experimental sets; thus longline interactions and impacts on these species were reduced with the experimental gear. The reason for the differences in catch rates between gear types is likely due to the vertical habitat preferences of the species involved; interactions with epi-pelagic species with shallow distributions in the uniform mixed layer were reduced by deploying hooks greater than 100 m. By logical extension, the experimental gear will also likely reduce interactions with sea turtles. Except for additional lead weights, floats, and floatlines, only slight modification of existing longline fishing gear and methods were required to deploy the experimental gear. The main drawback of this method was the increase in time to both deploy (approximate to 0.5 h) and retrieve (approximate to 2 h) the gear. Knowledge of species vertical distribution patterns can play an important role in modifying fishing gear to reduce bycatch and can also assist managers in regulating fishing practices with a higher degree of likelihood of predicting catch rates and species captured in different gea types. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Musyl, Michael] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Kewalo Res Facil, NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Beverly, Steve; Molony, Brett] Secretariat Pacific Community, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. [Curran, Daniel] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Musyl, M (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Kewalo Res Facil, NOAA, 1125B Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM Michael.Musyl@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 96 IS 2-3 BP 281 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2008.12.010 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 417PF UT WOS:000264087800021 ER PT J AU Nalepa, TF Fanslow, DL Lang, GA AF Nalepa, Thomas F. Fanslow, David L. Lang, Gregory A. TI Transformation of the offshore benthic community in Lake Michigan: recent shift from the native amphipod Diporeia spp. to the invasive mussel Dreissena rostriformis bugensis SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE benthos; food webs; invasive species; lakes; populations ID MONOPOREIA-AFFINIS LINDSTROM; GREAT-LAKES; PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; LIPID-CONTENT; ZEBRA MUSSEL; MACROINVERTEBRATE POPULATIONS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; BALTIC SEA; FOOD-WEB; POLYMORPHA AB 1. The native amphipod Diporeia spp. was once the dominant benthic organism in Lake Michigan and served as an important pathway of energy flow from lower to upper trophic levels. Lake-wide surveys were conducted in 1994/1995, 2000 and 2005, and abundances of Diporeia and the invasive bivalves Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel) and Dreissena rostriformis bugensis (quagga mussel) were assessed. In addition, more frequent surveys were conducted in the southern region of the lake between 1980 and 2007 to augment trend interpretation. 2. Between 1994/1995 and 2005, lake-wide density of Diporeia declined from 5365 to 329 m(-2), and biomass (dry weight, DW) declined from 3.9 to 0.4 g DW m(-2). The percentage of all sites with no Diporeia increased over time: 1.1% in 1994/1995, 21.7% in 2000 and 66.9% in 2005. On the other hand, total dreissenid density increased from 173 to 8816 m(-2), and total biomass increased from 0.4 to 28.6 g DW m(-2). Over this 10-year time period, D. r. bugensis displaced D. polymorpha as the dominant dreissenid, comprising 97.7% of the total population in 2005. In 2007, Diporeia was rarely found at depths shallower than 90 m and continued to decline at greater depths, whereas densities of D. r. bugensis continued to increase at depths greater than 50 m. 3. The decline in Diporeia occurred progressively from shallow to deep regions, and was temporally coincident with the expansion of D. polymorpha in nearshore waters followed by the expansion of D. r. bugensis in offshore waters. In addition, Diporeia density was negatively related to dreissenid density within and across depth intervals; the latter result indicated that dreissenids in shallow waters remotely influenced Diporeia in deep waters. 4. With the loss of Diporeia and increase in D. r. bugensis, the benthic community has become a major energy sink rather that a pathway to upper trophic levels. With this replacement of dominant taxa, we estimate that the relative benthic energy pool increased from 17 to 109 kcal m(-2) between 1994/1995 and 2005, and to 342 kcal m(-2) by 2007. We project that previously observed impacts on fish populations will continue and become more pronounced as the D. r. bugensis population continues to expand in deeper waters. C1 [Nalepa, Thomas F.; Fanslow, David L.; Lang, Gregory A.] Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. RP Nalepa, TF (reprint author), Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. EM thomas.nalepa@noaa.gov NR 67 TC 143 Z9 143 U1 10 U2 71 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 54 IS 3 BP 466 EP 479 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02123.x PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 405SR UT WOS:000263245000003 ER PT J AU Schwarz, C Snay, R Soler, T AF Schwarz, Charles R. Snay, Richard A. Soler, Tomas TI Accuracy assessment of the National Geodetic Survey's OPUS-RS utility SO GPS SOLUTIONS LA English DT Article DE GPS; Geodesy; Rapid static techniques ID AMBIGUITY RESOLUTION; GPS AB OPUS-RS is a rapid static form of the National Geodetic Survey's On-line Positioning User Service (OPUS). Like OPUS, OPUS-RS accepts a user's GPS tracking data and uses corresponding data from the U.S. Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) network to compute the 3-D positional coordinates of the user's data-collection point called the rover. OPUS-RS uses a new processing engine, called RSGPS, which can generate coordinates with an accuracy of a few centimeters for data sets spanning as little as 15 min of time. OPUS-RS achieves such results by interpolating (or extrapolating) the atmospheric delays, measured at several CORS located within 250 km of the rover, to predict the atmospheric delays experienced at the rover. Consequently, standard errors of computed coordinates depend highly on the local geometry of the CORS network and on the distances between the rover and the local CORS. We introduce a unitless parameter called the interpolative dilution of precision (IDOP) to quantify the local geometry of the CORS network relative to the rover, and we quantify the standard errors of the coordinates, obtained via OPUS-RS, by using functions of the form sigma(IDOP, RMSD) = root(alpha.IDOP)(2) + (beta.RMSD)(2) here alpha and beta are empirically determined constants, and RMSD is the root-mean-square distance between the rover and the individual CORS involved in the OPUS-RS computations. We found that alpha = 6.7 +/- 0.7 cm and beta = 0.15 +/- 0.03 ppm in the vertical dimension and alpha = 1.8 +/- 0.2 cm and beta = 0.05 +/- 0.01 ppm in either the east-west or north-south dimension. C1 [Schwarz, Charles R.] Dept Geodesy, Bethesda, MD 20816 USA. [Snay, Richard A.; Soler, Tomas] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Schwarz, C (reprint author), Dept Geodesy, 5320 Wehawken Rd, Bethesda, MD 20816 USA. EM charlies2@earthlink.net RI Soler, Tomas/F-6386-2010 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1080-5370 J9 GPS SOLUT JI GPS Solut. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 13 IS 2 BP 119 EP 132 DI 10.1007/s10291-008-0105-0 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 423ER UT WOS:000264479900004 ER PT J AU Dortch, Q AF Dortch, Quay TI Progress in understanding the causes and impacts of the Florida red tide and improving management and response Preface SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Ctr Sponsored Coastal Ocean Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Dortch, Q (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Sponsored Coastal Ocean Res, N-SC12,1305 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Quay.Dortch@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD MAR PY 2009 VL 8 IS 4 SI SI BP 547 EP 548 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2008.11.001 PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 425QG UT WOS:000264651600001 ER PT J AU Van Dolah, FM Lidie, KB Monroe, EA Bhattacharya, D Campbell, L Doucette, GJ Kamykowski, D AF Van Dolah, Frances M. Lidie, Kristy B. Monroe, Emily A. Bhattacharya, Debashish Campbell, Lisa Doucette, Gregory J. Kamykowski, Daniel TI The Florida red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis: New insights into cellular and molecular processes underlying bloom dynamics SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scientific Workshop on State of the Research on Red Tide in the Gulf of Mexico CY JUL 17-20, 2006 CL Sarasota, FL SP Mote Marine Lab, Natl Oceanic & Atmospher Adm, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss Fish, Wildlife Res Inst DE Bacterial-algal interactions; Cell cycle; Dinoflagellate; Florida red tide; Genome; Harmful algal bloom; Horizontal gene transfer; Karenia brevis; Population genetics; Vertical migration ID CIRCADIAN-REGULATED GENES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; GYMNODINIUM-BREVE; ALGICIDAL BACTERIA; TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE; PHOTOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; PHOTOSYNTHETIC EUKARYOTES; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASES; CONCERTED EVOLUTION AB The dinoflagellate Karenia brevis is responsible for nearly annual red tides in the Gulf of Mexico that cause extensive marine mortalities and human illness due to the production of brevetoxins. Although the mechanisms regulating its bloom dynamics and toxicity have received considerable attention, investigation into these processes at the cellular and molecular level has only begun in earnest during the past decade. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in our understanding of the cellular and molecular biology on K. brevis. Several molecular resources developed for K. brevis, including cDNA and genomic DNA libraries, DNA microarrays, metagenomic libraries, and probes for population genetics, have revolutionized our ability to investigate fundamental questions about K. brevis biology. Two cellular processes have received particular attention, the vegetative cell cycle and vertical migration behavior, which are of key importance due to their roles in the development of both surface populations that constitute blooms and subsurface cell aggregations that may serve to initiate them. High throughput sequencing of cDNA libraries has provided the first glimpse of the gene repertoire in K. brevis, with approximately 12,000 unique genes identified to date. Phylogenomic analysis of these genes has revealed a high rate of horizontal gene transfer in K. brevis, which has resulted in a chimeric chloroplast through the selective retention of genes of red, green, and haptophyte origin, whose adaptive significance is not yet clear. Gene expression studies using DNA microarrays have demonstrated a prevalence of post-transcriptional gene regulation in K. brevis and led to the discovery of an unusual spliced leader trans-splicing mechanism. Among the trans-spliced gene transcripts are type I polyketicle synthases (PKSs), implicated in brevetoxin biosynthesis, which are unique among type I PKSs in that each transcript encodes an individual catalytic domain, suggesting a novel gene structure in this dinoflagellate. Clone libraries of 16S ribosomal DNA sequences developed from bloom waters have unveiled the temporal and spatial complexity of the microbial soup that coexists with K. brevis and its active involvement in both bloom growth and termination processes. Finally, the development and application of population genetic markers has revealed a surprisingly high genetic diversity in K brevis blooms, long assumed to consist of essentially clonal populations. With these foundations in place, our understanding of K brevis bloom dynamics is likely to grow exponentially in the next few years. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Van Dolah, Frances M.; Lidie, Kristy B.; Monroe, Emily A.; Doucette, Gregory J.] NOAA, CCEHBR, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Bhattacharya, Debashish] Univ Iowa, Dept Biol Sci, Iowa City, IA USA. [Bhattacharya, Debashish] Univ Iowa, Roy J Carver Ctr Comparat Genom, Iowa City, IA USA. [Campbell, Lisa] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Kamykowski, Daniel] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Van Dolah, FM (reprint author), NOAA, CCEHBR, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM fran.vandolah@noaa.gov RI Campbell, Lisa/E-6587-2011; Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013 OI Campbell, Lisa/0000-0003-2756-2743; NR 103 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD MAR PY 2009 VL 8 IS 4 SI SI BP 562 EP 572 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2008.11.004 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 425QG UT WOS:000264651600003 ER PT J AU Rundio, DE AF Rundio, David E. TI Community-habitat relationships in coastal streams in Big Sur, California, USA: travertine influences macroinvertebrate abundance and community structure SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Macroinvertebrates; Stream; Community structure; Habitat; Travertine; Multivariate analysis ID DRY MASS; MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE; RIVER; FOOD; MORPHOLOGY; CATCHMENT; ALGAL; BROOK AB Travertine deposition occurs in streams worldwide but its effects on stream communities are poorly understood. I sampled benthic macroinvertebrates, periphyton, and reach-scale environmental variables in coastal streams in Big Sur, central California, USA, to determine the specific effects of travertine that occurred at some sites as well as to provide a broader assessment of community-habitat relationships. Total density and biomass of macroinvertebrates varied 6- and 9-fold across sites, respectively, and chlorophyll a concentrations varied 10-fold, but invertebrate and periphyton abundances were not correlated. Baetis tricaudatus (Ephemeroptera), Simuliidae (Diptera), and Chironomidae (Diptera) dominated macroinvertebrate communities across all sites, although differences in the relative abundances of these and other taxa produced moderate variation in community structure among sites (Bray-Curtis similarity coefficients of 47-84). Variation in community structure was related to a number of habitat features, notably travertine but also including variables reflecting channel morphology, flow, substrate size, and riparian tree type. Median density and biomass of macroinvertebrates were more than twice as high at sites without travertine than sites with travertine. Taxa richness also was higher at sites without travertine, and community structure differed moderately between sites with and without travertine, although there were no particular assemblages associated with either group. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) and cluster analysis of similarities in community structure appeared to separate sites with either travertine or high fines from sites without those conditions. These results demonstrate that travertine can have strong effects on stream communities, and additional studies are needed to identify the full range of effects on ecosystems and to evaluate the potential consequences of travertine for conservation efforts such as biomonitoring programs and threatened species management. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Rundio, DE (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM dave.rundio@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAR PY 2009 VL 620 BP 91 EP 108 DI 10.1007/s10750-008-9617-4 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 387YQ UT WOS:000261987900008 ER PT J AU Guttormsen, MA Wilson, CD AF Guttormsen, Michael A. Wilson, Christopher D. TI In situ measurements of capelin (Mallotus villosus) target strength in the North Pacific Ocean SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE capelin; target strength ID FISH; ALASKA; GULF; SIZE AB In situ measurements of capelin (Mallotus villosus) target strength (TS) were collected during summer 2001 -2003 near Kodiak Island in the Gulf of Alaska, using a calibrated EK500 echosounder with 38 and 120 kHz split-beam transducers. Targets were detected over dispersed, night-time aggregations using standard acoustic methods, then filtered using a quality-control algorithm to reject invalid targets. The 38 kHz-based, fitted model estimate was TS = 20 log(10)L - 70.3 (r(2) = 0.30), where L is total length of fish. Compared with other studies, the TS-fitted model at 38 kHz was similar to that calculated from swimbladder morphology measurements from St Lawrence estuary capelin (TS = 20 log(10)L - 69.3), but resulted in greater estimates than models based on in situ measurements of capelin TS in the Barents Sea (TS = 19.1 log(10) L - 74.0) and northern Atlantic Ocean (TS = 20 log(10)L - 73.1). The large intraspecific variability exhibited in the fitted TS - L models for this species suggests the use of TS measurements from the geographic region where the data were collected. C1 [Guttormsen, Michael A.; Wilson, Christopher D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Guttormsen, MA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mike.guttormsen@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 66 IS 2 BP 258 EP 263 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsn205 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 404OX UT WOS:000263164000004 ER PT J AU Friedland, KD MacLean, JC Hansen, LP Peyronnet, AJ Karlsson, L Reddin, DG Maoileidigh, NO McCarthy, JL AF Friedland, Kevin D. MacLean, Julian C. Hansen, Lars P. Peyronnet, Arnaud J. Karlsson, Lars Reddin, David G. Maoileidigh, Niall O. McCarthy, Jennifer L. TI The recruitment of Atlantic salmon in Europe SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation; Atlantic salmon; ocean climate; recruitment ID POST-SMOLT GROWTH; LONG-TERM CHANGES; CONTINUOUS PLANKTON RECORDER; SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SALAR L.; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-SEA; MARINE GROWTH; EXTENDED RECONSTRUCTION AB The stock complex of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, in Europe has experienced a multidecadal decline in recruitment, resulting in the lowest stock abundances observed since 1970. Here, physical forcing, biological interactions, and the resultant growth response of postsmolt salmon are examined with a view to understanding the mechanism controlling recruitment. Sea surface temperature (SST) has increased in the Northeast Atlantic, with the pattern and seasonal change in SST negatively correlated with post-smolt survival during summer and in a region that spatially matches the post-smolt nursery. Constituents of the pelagic foodweb, including potential postsmolt food and plankton that may affect post-smolt forage, have changed on a decadal scale and correlate with salmon survival. Retrospective growth analyses of eight stock/sea age components show that post-smolt growth during summer is positively correlated with salmon survival and recruitment. The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation appears to be a more closely aligned climate forcing index than the North Atlantic Oscillation with respect to salmon recruitment. European Atlantic salmon recruitment appears to be governed by factors that affect the growth of post-smolts during their first summer at sea, including SST and forage abundances; growth appears to mediate survival by the functional relationship between post-smolts and their predators. C1 [Friedland, Kevin D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [MacLean, Julian C.] Fisheries Res Serv, Freshwater Lab, Field Stn, Ferryden DD10 9SL, Montrose, Scotland. [Hansen, Lars P.] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway. [Peyronnet, Arnaud J.; McCarthy, Jennifer L.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Karlsson, Lars] Swedish Board Fisheries, SE-81494 Brobacken, Alvkarleby, Sweden. [Reddin, David G.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. [Maoileidigh, Niall O.] Inst Marine, Newport, Cty Mayo, Ireland. RP Friedland, KD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM kevin.friedland@noaa.gov NR 65 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 32 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 66 IS 2 BP 289 EP 304 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsn210 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 404OX UT WOS:000263164000008 ER PT J AU Ormseth, OA Norcross, BL AF Ormseth, Olav A. Norcross, Brenda L. TI Causes and consequences of life-history variation in North American stocks of Pacific cod SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Early Career Scientists Conference on New Frontiers in Marine Science CY JUN 26-29, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD DE fishing; fitness; Gadus macrocephalus; Gadus morhua; latitude; life history; lifetime reproductive success; Pacific ID GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; GROWTH-RATES; BERING-SEA; ARCTIC COD; STRATEGIES; EVOLUTION; FISH; TEMPERATURE; RECRUITMENT AB Life-history strategies of four Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) stocks in the eastern North Pacific Ocean are outlined. Southern stocks grew and matured quicker, but reached smaller maximum size and had shorter lifespans than northern stocks. The tradeoffs resulted in similar lifetime reproductive success among all stocks. Growth was highly dependent on latitude, but not on temperature, possibly because of differences in the duration of the growing season. Comparisons with Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) revealed similar latitude/growth relationships among Atlantic cod stocks grouped by geographic region. In Pacific cod, greater size and longevity in the north appeared to be adaptations to overcome environmental constraints on growth and to maintain fitness. An egg production-per-recruit model suggested that the life-history strategy of northern Pacific cod stocks made them less resilient to fishing activity and age truncation than southern stocks. C1 [Ormseth, Olav A.; Norcross, Brenda L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Ormseth, OA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM olav.ormseth@noaa.gov NR 53 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 66 IS 2 BP 349 EP 357 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsn156 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 404OX UT WOS:000263164000014 ER PT J AU Jiao, Y Hayes, C Cortes, E AF Jiao, Yan Hayes, Christopher Cortes, Enric TI Hierarchical Bayesian approach for population dynamics modelling of fish complexes without species-specific data SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Early Career Scientists Conference on New Frontiers in Marine Science CY JUN 26-29, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD DE Bayesian hierarchical model; fish complex; hammerhead sharks; multilevel prior; uncertainty ID RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; SHARK POPULATIONS; EXTINCTION RISK; UNCERTAINTY; DEMOGRAPHY; TRENDS; GROWTH; SALMON; NOISE; CONSERVATION AB Modelling the population dynamics of fish complexes is challenging, and many species have been assessed and managed as a complex that was treated as a single species. Two Bayesian state-space surplus production models with multilevel priors (hierarchical models) were developed to simulate variability in population growth rates of species in a complex, using the hammerhead shark complex (Sphyrna spp.) of the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts of the US as an example. The complex consists of three species: scalloped (Sphyrna lewini), great (Sphyrna mokarran), and smooth hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena). Bayesian state-space surplus production models with multilevel priors fitted the hammerhead data better than a model based on single-level priors. The hierarchical Bayesian approach represents an intermediate strategy between traditional models that do not include variability among species, and highly parameterized models that assign an estimate of parameters to each species. By ignoring the variability among species, confidence intervals of the estimates of stock status indicators can be unrealistically narrow, possibly leading to high-risk management strategies being adopted. Use of multilevel priors in a hierarchical Bayesian approach is suggested for future hammerhead shark stock assessments and for modelling fish complexes lacking species-specific data. C1 [Jiao, Yan; Hayes, Christopher] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Cortes, Enric] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Jiao, Y (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM yjiao@vt.edu RI Cortes, Enric/H-2700-2013 NR 48 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 66 IS 2 BP 367 EP 377 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsn162 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 404OX UT WOS:000263164000016 ER PT J AU Zhou, GQ Ambrosia, V Gasiewski, AJ Bland, G AF Zhou, Guoqing Ambrosia, Vince Gasiewski, Albin J. Bland, Geoff TI Foreword to the Special Issue on Unmanned Airborne Vehicle (UAV) Sensing Systems for Earth Observations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Zhou, Guoqing] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Ambrosia, Vince] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Gasiewski, Albin J.] Univ Colorado, CU Ctr Environm Technol, NOAA, UCB 0425, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bland, Geoff] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. RP Zhou, GQ (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2009 VL 47 IS 3 BP 687 EP 689 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2013059 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 415JA UT WOS:000263928900001 ER PT J AU Yu, YY Tarpley, D Privette, JL Goldberg, MD Raja, MKRV Vinnikov, KY Xu, H AF Yu, Yunyue Tarpley, Dan Privette, Jeffrey L. Goldberg, Mitchell D. Raja, M. K. Rama Varma Vinnikov, Konstantin Y. Xu, Hui TI Developing Algorithm for Operational GOES-R Land Surface Temperature Product SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI); Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES); land surface temperature (LST); split window (SW) ID RADIATION BUDGET NETWORK; EMISSIVITY; SPACE; RETRIEVAL; SURFRAD; AFRICA AB The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) program is developing the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI), a new generation sensor to be carried onboard the GEOS-R satellite (launch expected in 2014). Compared to the current GOES Imager, ABI will have significant advantages for retrieving land surface temperature (LST) as well as providing qualitative and quantitative data for a wide range of applications. The infrared bands of the ABI sensor are designed to achieve a spatial resolution of 2 kin at nadir and a noise equivalent temperature of 0.1 K. These improve the imager specifications and compare well with those of polar-orbiting sensors (e.g., Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). In this paper, we discuss the development of a split window LST algorithm for the ABI sensor. First, we simulate ABI sensor data using the MODTRAN radiative transfer model and NOAA88 atmospheric profiles. To model land conditions, we developed emissivity data for 78 virtual surface types using the surface emissivity library from Snyder et al. Using the simulation results, we performed regression analyses with the candidate LST algorithms. Algorithm coefficients were stratified for dry and moist atmospheres as well as for daytime and nighttime conditions. We estimated the accuracy and sensitivity of each algorithm for different sun-view geometries, emissivity errors, and atmospheric assessments. Finally, we evaluated the most promising algorithm using real data from the GOES-8 Imager and SURFace RADiation Network. The results indicate that the optimized LST algorithm meets the required accuracy (2.3 K) of the GOES-R mission. C1 [Yu, Yunyue; Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Tarpley, Dan] Short & Associates, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Privette, Jeffrey L.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Raja, M. K. Rama Varma; Xu, Hui] IM Syst Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Vinnikov, Konstantin Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Yu, YY (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Yunyue.Yu@noaa.gov; Dan.Tarpley@noaa.gov; jeff.privette@noaa.gov; Mitch.Goldberg@noaa.gov; Rama.Mundakkara@noaa.gov; kostya@atmos.umd.edu; Hui.Xu@noaa.gov RI Vinnikov, Konstantin/F-9348-2010; Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Privette, Jeffrey/G-7807-2011; Xu, Hui/F-5635-2010; Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010 OI Privette, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8267-9894; Xu, Hui/0000-0002-0917-6526; FU NOAA GOES-R AWG FX This study was supported through the NOAA GOES-R AWG. The authors would like to thank Dr. F. Weng and Dr. T. Zhu of the GOES-R AWG Proxy Data Team for providing the GOES-8 data and Dr. J. Augustine of the SURFRAD program for providing support in using the SURFRAD data. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2009 VL 47 IS 3 BP 936 EP 951 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2006180 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 415JA UT WOS:000263928900022 ER PT J AU Hale, PD Wang, CMJ AF Hale, Paul D. Wang, C. M. Jack TI Calculation of Pulse Parameters and Propagation of Uncertainty SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Covariance analysis; metrology; oscilloscopes; pulse measurements; uncertainty ID COMPLEX-VALUED QUANTITIES AB The fundamental starting point for the analysis of all two-state waveforms is the determination of the low- and high-state levels. This is a two-step process. First, the data are grouped into points belonging to each state, and second, the value of each state is determined from the group mean, the mode, the median, or some other statistic. Once the state levels are determined, pulse parameters such as transition duration, amplitude, overshoot, and undershoot can be calculated. The IEEE 181-2003 Standard on Transitions, Pulses, and Related Waveforms recommends methods for grouping the data, determining the state levels, and determining pulse parameters, but gives no guidance for propagation of uncertainty, particularly in the presence of systematic and/or correlated sources of error. Correlations are important because certain pulse parameters, such as transition duration and pulse duration, are invariant with respect to, e.g., multiplicative error, which is correlated highly. We propose a new procedure for determining the pulse states that involves clustering the data and then using a robust location estimator to determine the state level. This technique allows the propagation of uncertainty from the covariance of a sampled waveform representation all the way to the calculation of pulse parameters. dire use Monte Carlo simulations to verify the proposed procedure for some canonical pulse waveforms. C1 [Hale, Paul D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wang, C. M. Jack] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hale, PD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hale@boulder.nist.gov RI Hale, Paul/B-1737-2013 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work is a contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and is not subject to copyright in the USA. The Associate Editor coordinating the review process for this paper was Dr. Jerome Blair. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 3 BP 639 EP 648 DI 10.1109/TIM.2008.2005560 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 406LW UT WOS:000263298000019 ER PT J AU Della Torre, E Jin, Y AF Della Torre, Edward Jin, Yi TI Comparison of the DEMAM and DEAM Accommodation Models SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation CY MAY 11-15, 2008 CL Athens, GREECE SP IEEE DE Accommodation; hysteresis; physical modeling; Preisach modeling AB Magnetic accommodation is observed in a rate-independent drift of minor loops towards a limit cycle. Several phenomenological models have been proposed that are not based upon physical reasons. Recently, two versions of physically based differential equation models were introduced. The differences between these two models are discussed here. C1 [Della Torre, Edward; Jin, Yi] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Della Torre, Edward] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Della Torre, E (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20006 USA. EM edt@gwu.edu NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 45 IS 3 BP 1198 EP 1201 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2012557 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 416PW UT WOS:000264019000064 ER PT J AU Han, J Awad, G Sutherland, A AF Han, J. Awad, G. Sutherland, A. TI Automatic skin segmentation and tracking in sign language recognition SO IET COMPUTER VISION LA English DT Article ID HAND GESTURE RECOGNITION; REAL-TIME TRACKING; COLOR; MODELS; VIDEO; ILLUMINATION AB Skin segmentation and tracking play an important role in sign language recognition. A framework for segmenting and tracking skin objects from signing videos is described. It mainly consists of two parts: a skin colour model and a skin object tracking system. The skin colour model is first built based on the combination of support vector machine active learning and region segmentation. Then, the obtained skin colour model is integrated with the motion and position information to perform segmentation and tracking. The tracking system is able to predict occlusions among any of the skin objects using a Kalman filter (KF). Moreover, the skin colour model can be updated with the help of tracking to handle illumination variation. Experimental evaluations using real-world gesture videos and comparison with other existing algorithms demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed work. C1 [Han, J.] Univ Dundee, Sch Comp, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. [Awad, G.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sutherland, A.] Dublin City Univ, Sch Comp, Dublin 9, Ireland. RP Han, J (reprint author), Univ Dundee, Sch Comp, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. EM jeffhan@computing.dundee.ac.uk FU Dublin City University, Ireland; EU Marie Curie Incoming International Fellowship [509477] FX This work was performed in Dublin City University, Ireland. It was partially supported by the EU Marie Curie Incoming International Fellowship, project 509477. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-9632 EI 1751-9640 J9 IET COMPUT VIS JI IET Comput. Vis. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 3 IS 1 BP 24 EP 35 DI 10.1049/iet-cvi:20080006 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 417BB UT WOS:000264048400003 ER PT J AU Vizcaino, MI Moeller, PDR Morris, PJ AF Vizcaino, Maria I. Moeller, Peter D. R. Morris, Pamela J. TI Determining the Antimicrobial Activity of Bacteria Associated with a Caribbean Coral SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vizcaino, Maria I.; Moeller, Peter D. R.; Morris, Pamela J.] Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Vizcaino, Maria I.; Moeller, Peter D. R.; Morris, Pamela J.] Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Morris, Pamela J.] Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, NOAA, Charleston, SC USA. [Morris, Pamela J.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Cell Biol & Anat, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM vizcain@musc.edu; morrisp@musc.edu RI Johnson, Selena/K-3541-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 45 BP S12 EP S12 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 481ZS UT WOS:000268853400031 ER PT J AU Smith, RL Mecholsky, JJ Freiman, SW AF Smith, Robert L., III Mecholsky, John J., Jr. Freiman, Stephen W. TI Estimation of fracture energy from the work of fracture and fracture surface area: I. Stable crack growth SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Article DE Fracture surface; Fracture energy; Work of fracture; Critical strain energy release rate ID BRITTLE MATERIALS; OF-FRACTURE; GLASS; GEOMETRY AB Past attempts to determine fracture energy by the work of fracture (gamma WOF) technique, in most cases, have resulted in greater estimates due to the use of the cross-sectional area rather than the actual area of the fracture surface in calculations. The actual fracture surface area A(F) of soda-lime-silica glass chevron-notch flexure specimens was estimated using atomic force microscopy. An equation for A(F) was developed using the data from these tests. The use of A(F) in the equation for gamma WOF resulted in gamma WOF values less than values reported from traditional fracture mechanics tests and from those obtained using the cross-sectional area. The implication is that the tortuosity of the fracture surface contributes to the energy expended during fracture and should be accounted for in the calculation of the fracture energy. These calculations provide an estimate for the minimum energy required to break bonds in the fracture process. C1 [Smith, Robert L., III; Mecholsky, John J., Jr.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Freiman, Stephen W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Smith, RL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM r_smith3030@yahoo.com RI Smith, Robert/A-2990-2009 FU South East Alliance for Graduate Education and the Professoriate (SEAGEP) FX We would like to thank Andrew Gerger (Major Analytical Instrumentation Center, University of Florida) for help with the atomic force microscopy experiments. We would like to thank Ben Lee for his help in setting up the flexure test. We thank the South East Alliance for Graduate Education and the Professoriate (SEAGEP) for their support. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 156 IS 1 BP 97 EP 102 DI 10.1007/s10704-009-9350-7 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 457IU UT WOS:000266922500007 ER PT J AU Kassner, ME Geantil, P Levine, LE Larson, BC AF Kassner, M. E. Geantil, P. Levine, L. E. Larson, B. C. TI Long-range internal stresses in monotonically and cyclically deformed metallic single crystals SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Physics of Materials (ISPMA) CY AUG 24-28, 2008 CL Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC HO Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys DE Long-range internal stress; Backstress; Synchrotron; Microdiffraction ID LATTICE PLANE MISORIENTATIONS; BEAM ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; RAY STRUCTURAL MICROSCOPY; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; DISLOCATION MICROSTRUCTURE; PART II; COPPER; STRAIN; CREEP; CELL AB Selected experimental measurements and theoretical predictions for the magnitude of long-range internal stress in monotonically and cyclically deformed metals are assessed and recently developed, spatially-resolved X-ray microbeam techniques for direct measurements of long-range internal stress are discussed. The results of previously reported differential-aperture X-ray microscopy spatially-resolved measurements of long-range internal stress in dislocation-cell interiors in monotonically deformed copper are compared with predictions and analyses associated with the composite model of deformation. In addition, the results of volume-integrating X-ray line-profile measurements and spatially-resolved differential-aperture X-ray microscopy measurements of strains in (100) oriented copper single crystals that were cyclically deformed to pre-saturation (without persistent slip bands) are presented. C1 [Kassner, M. E.; Geantil, P.] Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Levine, L. E.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Larson, B. C.] ORNL, Mater Sci Tech Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Kassner, ME (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM kassner@usc.edu NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 1862-5282 J9 INT J MATER RES JI Int. J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 100 IS 3 BP 333 EP 339 DI 10.3139/146.110050 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 428SR UT WOS:000264870600014 ER PT J AU Keles, D Kirkali, G Canda, AE Cavdar, Z Terzi, C Fuzun, M Dizdaroglu, M Oktay, G AF Keles, Didem Kirkali, Guldal Canda, Aras Emre Cavdar, Zahide Terzi, Cent Fuzun, Mehmet Dizdaroglu, Mira Oktay, Gulgun TI OXIDATIVELY INDUCED DNA BASE DAMAGE: POOR PROGNOSTIC MARKER IN COLORECTAL CARCINOMA SO IUBMB LIFE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Keles, Didem; Kirkali, Guldal; Cavdar, Zahide; Oktay, Gulgun] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Dept Biochem, Fac Med, Izmir, Turkey. [Canda, Aras Emre; Terzi, Cent; Fuzun, Mehmet] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Dept Surg, Fac Med, Izmir, Turkey. [Dizdaroglu, Mira] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI KELES, DIDEM/F-1643-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1521-6543 J9 IUBMB LIFE JI IUBMB Life PD MAR PY 2009 VL 61 IS 3 BP 335 EP 336 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 417PV UT WOS:000264089500208 ER PT J AU Hankin, DG Mohr, MS Voight, H AF Hankin, David G. Mohr, Michael S. Voight, Hans TI Estimating the Proportions of Closely Related Species: Performance of the Two-Phase Ratio Estimator SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Double sampling; Proportion; Ratio estimation; Sensitivity; Species classification; Specificity; Two-phase sampling ID COASTAL CUTTHROAT TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS-IRIDEUS; CLARKI-CLARKI; RAINBOW-TROUT; SMALL STREAMS; HYBRIDIZATION; STEELHEAD; HYBRIDS; EFFICIENCY; DESIGNS AB In many ecological field contexts, accurately classifying closely related species based on phenotypic characteristics may be difficult. In such cases, definitive classification of species may require expensive genetic analysis of tissues or extensive quantitative measurements. If inexpensive phenotype-based species classifications are highly correlated with expensive but definitive classifications, however, then estimating the proportion of a target species in a mixed species complex using a two-phase ratio estimator may prove cost-efficient. In two-phase ratio estimation, a first-phase sample is randomly selected, and phenotype is used to classify all individuals in the sample. A smaller, second-phase sample is then randomly selected from the first-phase sample, and a definitive method is used to classify the individuals in this subsample. Net relative efficiency (i.e., cost-effectiveness) of the optimally allocated two-phase ratio estimator of a proportion depends on the relative costs of classification at the first and second phases, on the phenotypic classification accuracy for the target species (sensitivity) and nontarget species (specificity), and on the magnitude of the target species proportion. Results are presented that allow assessment of the circumstances in which this two-phase estimation approach can be recommended over an equal-cost single-phase approach based only on expensive but definitive classification. An illustrative application of these methods is provided using an example of two closely related, sympatric, anadromous salmonid species: steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and coastal cutthroat trout (O. clarki clarki). C1 [Hankin, David G.; Voight, Hans] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Mohr, Michael S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Hankin, DG (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM dgh1@humboldt.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC & INT BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 I ST NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 14 IS 1 BP 15 EP 32 DI 10.1198/jabes.2009.0002 PG 18 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 435NG UT WOS:000265350000002 ER PT J AU Huang, CJ Lin, YL Kaplan, ML Charney, JJ AF Huang, Chenjie Lin, Y. -L. Kaplan, M. L. Charney, J. J. TI Synoptic-Scale and Mesoscale Environments Conducive to Forest Fires during the October 2003 Extreme Fire Event in Southern California SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOWNSLOPE WINDS AB This study has employed both observational data and numerical simulation results to diagnose the synoptic-scale and mesoscale environments conducive to forest fires during the October 2003 extreme fire event in southern California. A three-stage process is proposed to illustrate the coupling of the synoptic-scale forcing that is evident from the observations, specifically the high pressure ridge and the upper-level jet streak, which leads to meso-alpha-scale subsidence in its exit region, and the mesoscale forcing that is simulated by the numerical model, specifically the wave breaking and turbulence as well as the wave-induced critical level, which leads to severe downslope (Santa Ana) winds. Two surges of dry air were found to reach the surface in southern California as revealed in the numerical simulation. The first dry air surge arrived as a result of moisture divergence and isallobaric adjustments behind a surface cold front. The second dry air surge reached southern California as the meso-alpha-to meso-beta-scale subsidence and the wave-induced critical level over the coastal ranges phased to transport the dry air from the upper-level jet streak exit region toward the surface and mix the dry air down to the planetary boundary layer on the lee side of the coastal ranges in southern California. The wave-breaking region on the lee side acted as an internal boundary to reflect the mountain wave energy back to the ground and created severe downslope winds through partial resonance with the upward-propagating mountain waves. C1 [Huang, Chenjie] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Lin, Y. -L.] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Phys, Greensboro, NC USA. [Kaplan, M. L.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Charney, J. J.] US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Huang, CJ (reprint author), NOAA, CPC, 1651 Old Meadow Rd, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM chenjie.huang@noaa.gov FU USDA Forest Service [02-JV-112313000-051] FX This research was funded by the USDA Forest Service under Cooperative Agreement 02-JV-112313000-051. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 48 IS 3 BP 553 EP 579 DI 10.1175/2008JAMC1818.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 429SH UT WOS:000264939900008 ER PT J AU Hershberger, PK Elder, NE Grady, CA Gregg, JL Pacheco, CA Greene, C Rice, C Meyers, TR AF Hershberger, P. K. Elder, N. E. Grady, C. A. Gregg, J. L. Pacheco, C. A. Greene, C. Rice, C. Meyers, T. R. TI Prevalence of Viral Erythrocytic Necrosis in Pacific Herring and Epizootics in Skagit Bay, Puget Sound, Washington SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; VEN; TRANSMISSION AB Epizootics of viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) occurred among juvenile Pacific herring Clupea pallasii in Skagit Bay, Puget Sound, Washington, during 2005-2007 and were characterized by high prevalences and intensities of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies within circulating erythrocytes. The prevalence of VEN peaked at 67% during the first epizootic in October 2005 and waned to 0% by August 2006. A second VEN epizootic occurred throughout the summer of 2007; this was characterized by disease initiation and perpetuation in the age-1, 2006 year-class, followed by involvement of the age-0, 2007 year-class shortly after the tatter's metamorphosis to the juvenile stage. The disease was detected in other populations of juvenile Pacific herring throughout Puget Sound and Prince William Sound, Alaska, where the prevalences and intensities typically did not correspond to those observed in Skagit Bay. The persistence and recurrence of VEN epizootics indicate that the disease is probably common among juvenile Pacific herring throughout the eastern North Pacific Ocean, and although population-level impacts probably occur they are typically covert and not easily detected. C1 [Hershberger, P. K.; Elder, N. E.; Grady, C. A.; Gregg, J. L.; Pacheco, C. A.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. [Greene, C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Rice, C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Admn Fisheries, Mukilteo Res Stn, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. [Meyers, T. R.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Fish Pathol Sect, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. RP Hershberger, PK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, 616 Marrowstone Point Rd, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. EM phershberger@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Students; USGS's Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Program; Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [070819] FX Pacific herring from Skagit Bay were collected in cooperation with K. Fresh and J. Chamberlin of NOAA-Fisheries. Herring from Cherry Point were provided by K. Stick as part of the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife's herring stock assessment surveys. Herring from Prince William Sound were provided by S. Moffitt and R. Brenner of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Additional field samples were provided by P. Dorn of the Suquamish Tribe. Technical assistance was provided by C. Jones, with funding from the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Students in Support of Native American Relations Program. Additional funding was provided by the USGS's Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Program and the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, project 070819. We gratefully acknowledge the insightful comments provided by anonymous reviewers assigned by USGS, NOAA-Fisheries, and this journal. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2009 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1577/H08-035.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 477FY UT WOS:000268505400001 PM 19485119 ER PT J AU Melnikov, VM Doviak, RJ AF Melnikov, Valery M. Doviak, Richard J. TI Turbulence and Wind Shear in Layers of Large Doppler Spectrum Width in Stratiform Precipitation SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EDDY DISSIPATION RATES; ENERGY DISSIPATION; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; FRONTAL ZONES; PARAMETERS; MESOSPHERE AB Weather radar observations of stratiform precipitation often reveal regions having very large measured Doppler spectrum widths, exceeding 7, and sometimes 10, m s(-1). These widths are larger than those typically found in thunderstorms; widths larger than 4 m s(-1) are associated with moderate or severe turbulence in thunderstorms. In this work, stratiform precipitation has been found to have layers of widths larger than 4 m s(-1) in more than 80% of cases studied, wherein the shear of the wind on scales that are large compared to the dimensions of the radar resolution volume is the dominant contributor to spectrum width. Analyzed data show that if width <= 7 m s(-1), and if the layers are not wavy or patchy, these layers have weak turbulence. On the other hand, regions having widths >4 m s(-1) in patches or in wavelike structures are likely to have moderate to severe turbulence with the potential to be a hazard to safe flight. To separate the contributions to spectrum width from wind shear and turbulence and to evaluate the errors in turbulence estimates, data have been collected with elevation increments much less than a beamwidth. Despite beamwidth limitations, the small elevation increments reveal impressive structures in the fields. For example, the "cat's eye'' structure associated with Kelvin-Helmholtz waves is clearly exhibited in the fields of spectrum width observed at low-elevation angles, but not in the reflectivity or velocity fields. Reflectivity fields in stratiform precipitation are featureless compared to spectrum width fields. C1 [Melnikov, Valery M.] Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Doviak, Richard J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Melnikov, VM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, 120 David Boren Blvd,Rm 4919, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM valery.melnikov@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 26 IS 3 BP 430 EP 443 DI 10.1175/2008JTECHA1108.1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 424PE UT WOS:000264577800002 ER PT J AU Proud, JL Droegemeier, KK Wood, VT Brown, RA AF Proud, Jessica L. Droegemeier, Kelvin K. Wood, Vincent T. Brown, Rodger A. TI Sampling Strategies for Tornado and Mesocyclone Detection Using Dynamically Adaptive Doppler Radars: A Simulation Study SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WSR-88D; SIGNATURES AB Increasing tornado and severe storm warning lead time (lead time is defined here as the elapsed time between the issuance of a watch or warning and the time at which the anticipated weather event first impacts the specified region) through the use of radar observations has long been a challenge for researchers and operational forecasters. To improve lead time and the probability of detecting tornadoes while decreasing the false alarm ratio, a greater understanding, obtained in part by more complete observations, is needed about the region of storms within which tornadoes form and persist. Driven in large part by this need, but also by the goal of using numerical models to explicitly predict intense local weather such as thunderstorms, the National Science Foundation established, in fall 2003, the Engineering Research Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA). CASA is developing a revolutionary new paradigm of using a network of small, closely spaced, inexpensive, low-power dual-polarization Doppler weather radars to overcome the inability of widely spaced, high-power radars to sample large regions of the lower atmosphere owing to the curvature of earth given that zero or negative beam elevation angles are not allowed. Also, current radar technology operates mostly independently of the weather and end-user needs, thus producing valuable information on storms as a whole but not focused on any specific phenomenon or need. Conversely, CASA utilizes a dynamically adaptive sensing paradigm to identify, and optimally sample, multiple targets based upon their observed characteristics in order to meet a variety of often competing end-user needs. The goal of this study is to evaluate a variety of adaptive sampling strategies for CASA radars to assess their effectiveness in identifying intense low-altitude vortices. Such identification, for the purposes of this study, is defined as achieving a best fit of simulated observations to an analytic model of a tornado or mesocyclone. Several parameters are varied in this study including the size of the vortex, azimuthal sampling interval, distance of the vortex from the radar, and radar beamwidth. Results show that, in the case of small vortices, adaptively decreasing the azimuthal sampling interval (i.e., overlapping beams) is beneficial in comparison to conventional azimuthal sampling that is approximately equal to the beamwidth. However, the benefit is limited to factors of 2 in overlapping. When simulating the performance of a CASA radar in comparison to that of a Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) at close range, with both operating in the conventional nonoverlapping mode, the WSR-88D (with a beamwidth about half that of a CASA radar) performs better. However, when overlapping is applied to the CASA radar, for which little additional processing time is required, the results are comparable. In effect, the sampling resolution of a radar can be increased simply by decreasing the azimuthal sampling interval as opposed to installing a larger antenna. C1 [Proud, Jessica L.; Droegemeier, Kelvin K.] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Proud, Jessica L.; Droegemeier, Kelvin K.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wood, Vincent T.; Brown, Rodger A.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Proud, JL (reprint author), Renaissance Comp Inst, 100 Europa Dr,Suite 540, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. EM jproud@renci.org NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 26 IS 3 BP 492 EP 507 DI 10.1175/2008JTECHA1087.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 424PE UT WOS:000264577800006 ER PT J AU Lakshmanan, V Hondl, K Rabin, R AF Lakshmanan, Valliappa Hondl, Kurt Rabin, Robert TI An Efficient, General-Purpose Technique for Identifying Storm Cells in Geospatial Images SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADAR; IDENTIFICATION; TRACKING; REFLECTIVITY; ALGORITHM AB Existing techniques for identifying, associating, and tracking storms rely on heuristics and are not transferrable between different types of geospatial images. Yet, with the multitude of remote sensing instruments and the number of channels and data types increasing, it is necessary to develop a principled and generally applicable technique. In this paper, an efficient, sequential, morphological technique called the watershed transform is adapted and extended so that it can be used for identifying storms. The parameters available in the technique and the effects of these parameters are also explained. The method is demonstrated on different types of geospatial radar and satellite images. Pointers are provided on the effective choice of parameters to handle the resolutions, data quality constraints, and dynamic ranges found in observational datasets. C1 [Lakshmanan, Valliappa] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Hondl, Kurt; Rabin, Robert] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Lakshmanan, V (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM lakshman@ou.edu NR 23 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 26 IS 3 BP 523 EP 537 DI 10.1175/2008JTECHA1153.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 424PE UT WOS:000264577800008 ER PT J AU Merchant, CJ Harris, AR Maturi, E Embury, O MacCallum, SN Mittaz, J Old, CP AF Merchant, C. J. Harris, A. R. Maturi, E. Embury, O. MacCallum, S. N. Mittaz, J. Old, C. P. TI Sea Surface Temperature Estimation from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-12 (GOES-12) SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFRARED IMAGERY; RETRIEVAL AB This paper describes the techniques used to obtain sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 12 (GOES-12) at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Satellite Data Processing and Distribution. Previous SST retrieval techniques relying on channels at 11 and 12 mm are not applicable because GOES-12 lacks the latter channel. Cloud detection is performed using a Bayesian method exploiting fast-forward modeling of prior clear-sky radiances using numerical weather predictions. The basic retrieval algorithm used at nighttime is based on a linear combination of brightness temperatures at 3.9 and 11 mu m. In comparison with traditional split window SSTs (using 11- and 12-mu m channels), simulations show that this combination has maximum scatter when observing drier colder scenes, with a comparable overall performance. For daytime retrieval, the same algorithm is applied after estimating and removing the contribution to brightness temperature in the 3.9-mu m channel from solar irradiance. The correction is based on radiative transfer simulations and comprises a parameterization for atmospheric scattering and a calculation of ocean surface reflected radiance. Potential use of the 13-mu m channel for SST is shown in a simulation study: in conjunction with the 3.9-mu m channel, it can reduce the retrieval error by 30%. Some validation results are shown while a companion paper by Maturi et al. shows a detailed analysis of the validation results for the operational algorithms described in this present article. C1 [Merchant, C. J.; Embury, O.; MacCallum, S. N.; Old, C. P.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. [Harris, A. R.; Maturi, E.; Mittaz, J.] NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Ocean Res & Applicat Div, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Merchant, CJ (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Crew Bldg,Kings Bldg, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. EM chris@staffmail.ed.ac.uk RI Maturi, Eileen/F-5611-2010; Merchant, Christopher/E-1180-2014 OI Merchant, Christopher/0000-0003-4687-9850 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 26 IS 3 BP 570 EP 581 DI 10.1175/2008JTECHO596.1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 424PE UT WOS:000264577800011 ER PT J AU Weingartner, T Eisner, L Eckert, GL Danielson, S AF Weingartner, Thomas Eisner, Lisa Eckert, Ginny L. Danielson, Seth TI Southeast Alaska: oceanographic habitats and linkages SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Southeast Alaska Marine Biology and Oceanography CY MAR 30-31, 2005 CL Univ Alaska SE, Juneau, AK SP N Pacific Res Board HO Univ Alaska SE DE Geology; marine habitats; meteorology; ocean circulation; ocean mixing; Southeast Alaska ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC-OCEAN; CONTINENTAL-SHELF WAVES; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; SPRING BLOOM; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HECATE STRAIT; BARRIER JETS; LARVAL FISH; SEA-LEVEL; AUKE BAY AB We provide an overview of the physical oceanographic and geological processes that affect marine biological habitats and production in the marine waters throughout the archipelago and continental shelf of Southeast Alaska. Given the paucity of regional data, our overview summarizes work done in adjacent regions of the Gulf of Alaska shelf and basin, and draws on research carried out in similar settings elsewhere. The geological setting, which critically influences the regional meteorology and oceanography, includes a narrow continental shelf, deep channels that permeate the archipelago, fjords, glaciers and a rugged, mountainous coast. The large-scale meteorology is influenced primarily by seasonal variations in the intensity and position of the Aleutian Low. Winds, freshwater runoff, tides and cross-shelf exchange control the regional oceanography. The large-scale flow field advects mass, heat, salt, nutrients and planktonic organisms northward from British Columbia (and even further south) to the northern Gulf of Alaska along the slope, shelf, and within the channels of Southeast Alaska. The deep channels permeating the island archipelago and narrow continental shelf facilitate communication between basin and interior waters. Water properties and flow fields are subject to large annual variations in response to similarly large variations in winds and coastal freshwater discharge. The complex geological setting leads to large spatial heterogeneity in the physical processes controlling the local circulation fields and mixing, thereby creating numerous and diverse marine biological habitats. These various circulation and mixing processes modify substantially Southeast Alaska water masses and thus influence marine ecosystem processes downstream over the northern and western Gulf of Alaska shelf. C1 [Weingartner, Thomas; Danielson, Seth] Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Eisner, Lisa] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK USA. [Eckert, Ginny L.] Univ Alaska, Biol Program, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Eckert, Ginny L.] Univ Alaska, Div Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99775 USA. RP Weingartner, T (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM weingart@ims.uaf.edu NR 74 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 36 IS 3 BP 387 EP 400 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01994.x PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 407CD UT WOS:000263340300002 ER PT J AU Dahlheim, ME White, PA Waite, JM AF Dahlheim, Marilyn E. White, Paula A. Waite, Janice M. TI Cetaceans of Southeast Alaska: distribution and seasonal occurrence SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Southeast Alaska Marine Biology and Oceanography CY MAR 30-31, 2005 CL Univ Alaska SE, Juneau, AK SP N Pacific Res Board HO Univ Alaska SE DE Annual trends; cetaceans; distribution; group size; multi-year investigations; seasonal occurrence; Southeast Alaska ID WHALES ORCINUS-ORCA; EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; HUMPBACK WHALES; POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WASHINGTON STATE; HARBOR PORPOISE AB Aim To assess the distribution, group size, seasonal occurrence and annual trends of cetaceans. Location The study area included all major inland waters of Southeast Alaska. Methods Between 1991 and 2007, cetacean surveys were conducted by observers who kept a constant watch when the vessel was underway and recorded all cetaceans encountered. For each species, we examined distributional patterns, group size, seasonal occurrence and annual trends. Analysis of variance (ANOVA F) was used to test for differences in group sizes between multiple means, and Student's t-test was used to detect differences between pairwise means. Cetacean seasonal occurrence and annual trends were investigated using a generalized linear model framework. Results Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) were seen throughout the region, with numbers lowest in spring and highest in the fall. Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) and minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) distributions were more restricted than that reported for humpback whales, and the low number of sightings precluded evaluating seasonal trends. Three killer whale (Orcinus orca) eco-types were documented with distributions occurring throughout inland waters. Seasonal patterns were not detected or could not be evaluated for resident and offshore killer whales, respectively; however, the transient eco-type was more abundant in the summer. Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli) were distributed throughout the region, with more sightings in spring and summer than in fall. Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) distribution was clumped, with concentrations occurring in the Icy Strait/Glacier Bay and Wrangell areas and with no evidence of seasonality. Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) were observed only occasionally, with more sightings in the spring. For most species, group size varied on both an annual and seasonal basis. Main conclusions Seven cetacean species occupy the inland waters of Southeast Alaska, with distribution, group size, seasonal occurrence and annual trends varying by species. Future studies that compare spatial and temporal patterns with other features (e. g. oceanography, prey resources) may help in identifying the key factors that support the high density and biodiversity of cetaceans found in this region. An increased understanding of the region's marine ecology is an essential step towards ensuring the long-term conservation of cetaceans in Southeast Alaska. C1 [Dahlheim, Marilyn E.; Waite, Janice M.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [White, Paula A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dahlheim, ME (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM marilyn.dahlheim@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 36 IS 3 BP 410 EP 426 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.02007.x PG 17 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 407CD UT WOS:000263340300004 ER PT J AU Womble, JN Sigler, MF Willson, MF AF Womble, Jamie N. Sigler, Michael F. Willson, Mary F. TI Linking seasonal distribution patterns with prey availability in a central-place forager, the Steller sea lion SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Southeast Alaska Marine Biology and Oceanography CY MAR 30-31, 2005 CL Univ Alaska SE, Juneau, AK SP N Pacific Res Board HO Univ Alaska SE DE Central-place forager; distribution; Eumetopias jubatus; otariid; pinniped; prey availability; seasonal; Southeast Alaska ID ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; MARINE PREDATOR; HAUL-OUT; ABUNDANCE; DISPERSAL; DIET; CONSEQUENCES AB We used a novel approach to infer foraging areas of a central-place forager, the Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus), by assessing changes in the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of sea lions at terrestrial sites. Specifically, our objectives were (1) to classify seasonal distribution patterns of Steller sea lions and (2) to determine to what extent the seasonal distribution of Steller sea lions is explained by seasonal concentrations of prey. Southeast Alaska, USA. Steller sea lions of all age classes were counted monthly (2001-04) by aerial surveys at 28 terrestrial sites. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal components analysis were used to classify seasonal distribution patterns of Steller sea lions at these terrestrial sites. We estimated the proportion of sea lions in the study area that were associated with each seasonal distribution pattern. Multivariate ordination techniques revealed four distinct seasonal distributional patterns. During December, 55% of the sea lions in the study area were found at Type 1 sites, located near over-wintering herring aggregations. During May, 56% of sea lions were found at Type 2 sites, near aggregations of spring-spawning forage fish. In July, 78% of sea lions were found at Type 3 sites, near summer migratory corridors of salmon. During September, 44% of sea lions were found at Type 4 sites, near autumn migratory corridors of salmon. Seasonal attendance patterns of sea lions were commonly associated with the seasonal availability of prey species near terrestrial sites and reflected seasonal foraging patterns of Steller sea lions in Southeast Alaska. A reasonable annual foraging strategy for Steller sea lions is to forage on herring (Clupea pallasii) aggregations in winter, spawning aggregations of forage fish in spring, salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in summer and autumn, and pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) throughout the year. The seasonal use of haulouts by sea lions and ultimately haulout-specific foraging patterns of Steller sea lions depend in part upon seasonally available prey species in each region. C1 [Womble, Jamie N.] Natl Pk Serv, Coastal Program, Glacier Bay Field Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Womble, Jamie N.; Willson, Mary F.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Womble, Jamie N.; Sigler, Michael F.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Womble, JN (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Coastal Program, Glacier Bay Field Stn, 3100 Natl Pk Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Jamie_Womble@nps.gov NR 80 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 36 IS 3 BP 439 EP 451 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01873.x PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 407CD UT WOS:000263340300006 ER PT J AU Chirico, RD Steele, WV AF Chirico, Robert D. Steele, William V. TI Thermodynamic properties of tert-butylbenzene and 1,4-di-tert-butylbenzene SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE 1,4-Di-tert-butylbenzene; Entropy; Group contribution; Heat capacity; Ideal gas properties; Phase transition; Plastic crystal; Tert-butylbenzene; Vapor pressure ID SATURATED HEAT-CAPACITIES; 12 AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; 3RD VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; VAPOR-PRESSURES; ALKYLBENZENES; CYCLOHEXANOL; TEMPERATURES; BENZENES; SPECTRA; DENSITY AB Heat capacities, enthalpies of phase transitions, and derived thermodynamic properties over the temperature range 5 < (T/K) < 442 were determined with adiabatic calorimetry for tert-butylbenzene (TBB) {Chemical Abstracts Service registry number (CASRN) [98-06-6]} and 1,4-di-tert-butylbenzene (DTBB) {CASRN [1012-72-2]}. A crystal to plastic crystal transition very near the triple-point temperature of DTBB was observed. New vapor pressures near the triple-point temperature are also reported for DTBB for the liquid and crystal states. These new measurements, when combined with published results. allow calculation of the thermodynamic properties for the ideal gas state for both compounds. The contribution of the tert-butyl group to the entropy of the ideal gas is determined quantitatively here for the first time based on the calorimetric results over the temperature range 298.15 < (T/K) < 600. Comparisons with literature values are shown for all measured and derived properties, including entropies for the ideal gas derived from quantum chemical calculations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chirico, Robert D.] NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Steele, William V.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Phys Properties Res Facil, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Steele, William V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chirico, RD (reprint author), NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chirico@boulder.nist.gov; wsteele13@comcast.net FU Office of Fossil Energy of the US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC22-94C91008, DE-AC05-000R22725, DE-AI26-02NT15338]; Advanced Oil Recovery (AOR) FX We acknowledge the contributions of An (Andy) Nguyen for the vapor-pressure measurements, and Aaron P. Rau for vapor-transfer of the samples prior to the property measurements. The authors thank Dr. Ala Bazyleva (Belaruisian State University, Minsk, Belarus) for providing details of the quantum chemical and statistical calculations, as well as for additional statistical calculations used in this article for the tert-butyl benzenes. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Office of Fossil Energy of the US Department of Energy (DOE). This research was funded within the Processing and Downstream Operations section of the Advanced Oil Recovery (AOR) program. The Bartlesville portion of the experiments was completed through BDM-Oklahoma under its contract with DOE for Management and Operations of the National Oil and Related Programs (NORP), Contract Number DE-AC22-94C91008. Manuscript preparation at Oak Ridge National Laboratory was completed under DOE Contract Number DE-AC05-000R22725 with ORNL, which is managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. Preparation of the manuscript at the National Institute of Standards and Technology of the US Department of Commerce in Boulder, Colorado was supported by the National Petroleum Technology Office of DOE, Interagency Agreement number DE-AI26-02NT15338. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 41 IS 3 BP 392 EP 401 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2008.10.008 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 404ZS UT WOS:000263192200015 ER PT J AU Sardeshmukh, PD Sura, P AF Sardeshmukh, Prashant D. Sura, Philip TI Reconciling Non-Gaussian Climate Statistics with Linear Dynamics SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; STOCHASTIC MODE REDUCTION; LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; WAVE DYNAMICS; REGIMES; NONLINEARITY; OSCILLATION; ENSO AB Linear stochastically forced models have been found to be competitive with comprehensive nonlinear weather and climate models at representing many features of the observed covariance statistics and at predictions beyond a week. Their success seems at odds with the fact that the observed statistics can be significantly non-Gaussian, which is often attributed to nonlinear dynamics. The stochastic noise in the linear models can be a mixture of state-independent ("additive'') and linearly state-dependent ("multiplicative'') Gaussian white noises. It is shown here that such mixtures can produce not only symmetric but also skewed non-Gaussian probability distributions if the additive and multiplicative noises are correlated. Such correlations are readily anticipated from first principles. A generic stochastically generated skewed (SGS) distribution can be analytically derived from the Fokker-Planck equation for a single-component system. In addition to skew, all such SGS distributions have power-law tails, as well as a striking property that the (excess) kurtosis K is always greater than 1.5 times the square of the skew S. Remarkably, this K-S inequality is found to be satisfied by circulation variables even in the observed multicomponent climate system. A principle of "diagonal dominance'' in the multicomponent moment equations is introduced to understand this behavior. To clarify the nature of the stochastic noises (turbulent adiabatic versus diabatic fluctuations) responsible for the observed non-Gaussian statistics, a long 1200-winter simulation of the northern winter climate is generated using a dry adiabatic atmospheric general circulation model forced only with the observed long-term winter-mean diabatic forcing as a constant forcing. Despite the complete neglect of diabatic variations, the model reproduces the observed K-S relationships and also the spatial patterns of the skew and kurtosis of the daily tropospheric circulation anomalies. This suggests that the stochastic generators of these higher moments are mostly associated with local adiabatic turbulent fluxes. The model also simulates fifth moments that are approximately 10 times the skew, and probability densities with power-law tails, as predicted by the linear theory. C1 NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.] Univ Colorado, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sardeshmukh, PD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, R PSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM prashant.d.sardeshmukh@noaa.gov FU NOAA FX Discussions with our colleagues at the Climate Diagnostics Center, especially C. Penland and G. P. Compo, are gratefully acknowledged. This research was partly supported by funding from NOAA's Climate Program Office. NR 49 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1193 EP 1207 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2358.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 426AZ UT WOS:000264681100008 ER PT J AU Sun, DZ Yu, YQ Zhang, T AF Sun, De-Zheng Yu, Yongqiang Zhang, Tao TI Tropical Water Vapor and Cloud Feedbacks in Climate Models: A Further Assessment Using Coupled Simulations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM MODEL; DYNAMICAL FEEDBACKS; COLD-TONGUE; VERSION; BUDGET; GCMS AB By comparing the response of clouds and water vapor to ENSO forcing in nature with that in Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulations by some leading climate models, an earlier evaluation of tropical cloud and water vapor feedbacks has revealed the following two common biases in the models: 1) an underestimate of the strength of the negative cloud albedo feedback and 2) an overestimate of the positive feedback from the greenhouse effect of water vapor. Extending the same analysis to the fully coupled simulations of these models as well as other Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) coupled models, it is found that these two biases persist. Relative to the earlier estimates from AMIP simulations, the overestimate of the positive feedback from water vapor is alleviated somewhat for most of the coupled simulations. Improvements in the simulation of the cloud albedo feedback are only found in the models whose AMIP runs suggest either a positive or nearly positive cloud albedo feedback. The strength of the negative cloud albedo feedback in all other models is found to be substantially weaker than that estimated from the corresponding AMIP simulations. Consequently, although additional models are found to have a cloud albedo feedback in their AMIP simulations that is as strong as in the observations, all coupled simulations analyzed in this study have a weaker negative feedback from the cloud albedo and therefore a weaker negative feedback from the net surface heating than that indicated in observations. The weakening in the cloud albedo feedback is apparently linked to a reduced response of deep convection over the equatorial Pacific, which is in turn linked to the excessive cold tongue in the mean climate of these models. The results highlight that the feedbacks of water vapor and clouds-the cloud albedo feedback in particular-may depend on the mean intensity of the hydrological cycle. Whether the intermodel variations in the feedback from cloud albedo (water vapor) in the ENSO variability are correlated with the intermodel variations of the feedback from cloud albedo (water vapor) in global warming has also been examined. While a weak positive correlation between the intermodel variations in the feedback of water vapor during ENSO and the intermodel variations in the water vapor feedback during global warming was found, there is no significant correlation found between the intermodel variations in the cloud albedo feedback during ENSO and the intermodel variations in the cloud albedo feedback during global warming. The results suggest that the two common biases revealed in the simulated ENSO variability may not necessarily be carried over to the simulated global warming. These biases, however, highlight the continuing difficulty that models have in simulating accurately the feedbacks of water vapor and clouds on a time scale of the observations available. C1 [Sun, De-Zheng] NOAA, ESRL, PSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sun, De-Zheng; Zhang, Tao] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yu, Yongqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Sun, DZ (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, PSD, PSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dezheng.sun@noaa.gov RI Yu, Yongqiang /K-7808-2012 OI Yu, Yongqiang /0000-0001-8596-3583 FU NOAA; Climate Dynamics Program and Experimental Prediction Program (CDEP); NSF [ATM-9912434, ATM-0331760, ATM-0553111, NSFC-40675049]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [W-7405Eng- 48]; National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB411806] FX This research was supported partially by NOAA's Office of Global Programs, the Climate Dynamics Program and Experimental Prediction Program (CDEP), and partially by the NSF Climate Dynamics Program (ATM-9912434, ATM-0331760, and ATM-0553111). Using data from IPCC AR4 models, this work was also partially supported under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, at the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405Eng- 48. Dr. Y. Yu was partially supported by a grant from National Science Foundation of China (NSFC-40675049) and a grant from the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB411806). We are grateful to the editor Dr. Anthony D. Del Genio, and to the two anonymous reviewers, for their comments and suggestions. We also would like to thank Drs. William Collins, Curt Covey, James Hack, Isaac Held, Jeffrey Kiehl, Steve Klein, Jerry Meehl, and Roger Pielke for their encouragement and advice in this research. NR 27 TC 46 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1287 EP 1304 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2267.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 426AZ UT WOS:000264681100014 ER PT J AU Ming, Y Ramaswamy, V AF Ming, Yi Ramaswamy, V. TI Nonlinear Climate and Hydrological Responses to Aerosol Effects SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE; GLOBAL CLIMATE; PART I; SENSITIVITY; ATMOSPHERE; CLOUDS; ALBEDO; PERTURBATIONS; FEEDBACKS AB The equilibrium temperature and hydrological responses to the total aerosol effects (i.e., direct, semidirect, and indirect effects) are studied using a modified version of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory atmosphere general circulation model (AM2.1) coupled to a mixed layer ocean model. The treatment of aerosol-liquid cloud interactions and associated indirect effects is based upon a prognostic scheme of cloud droplet number concentration, with an explicit representation of cloud condensation nuclei activation involving sulfate, organic carbon, and sea salt aerosols. Increasing aerosols from preindustrial (1860) to present-day (1990) levels leads to a decrease of 1.9 K in the global annual mean surface temperature. The cooling is relatively strong over the Northern Hemisphere midlatitude land owing to the high aerosol burden there, while being amplified at high latitudes. When being subject to aerosols and radiatively active gases (i.e., well-mixed greenhouse gases and ozone) simultaneously, the model climate behaves nonlinearly; the simulated increase in surface temperature (0.55 K) is considerably less than the arithmetic sum of separate aerosol and gas effects (0.86 K). The thermal responses are accompanied by the nonlinear changes in cloud fields, which are amplified owing to the surface albedo feedback at high latitudes. The two effects completely offset each other in the Northern Hemisphere, while gas effect is dominant in the Southern Hemisphere. Both factors are crucial in shaping the regional responses. Interhemispheric asymmetry in aerosol-induced cooling yields a southward shift of the intertropical convergence zone, thus giving rise to a significant reduction in precipitation north of the equator, and an increase to the south. The simulations show that the change of precipitation in response to the simultaneous increases in aerosols and gases not only largely follows the same pattern as that for aerosols alone, but that it is also substantially strengthened in terms of magnitude south of 10 degrees N. This is quite different from the damping expected from adding up individual responses, and further indicates the nonlinearity in the model's hydrological response. C1 [Ming, Yi] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Ming, Y (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM Yi.Ming@noaa.gov RI Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012 NR 47 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1329 EP 1339 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2362.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 431ZT UT WOS:000265104000001 ER PT J AU Jha, B Kumar, A AF Jha, Bhaskar Kumar, Arun TI A Comparative Analysis of Change in the First and Second Moment of the PDF of Seasonal Mean 200-mb Heights with ENSO SSTs SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC VARIABILITY; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; GCM SIMULATIONS; NORTH PACIFIC; EL-NINO; ENSEMBLE; PREDICTABILITY; PREDICTIONS; IMPACT AB Based on simulations from nine different atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs), a comparative assessment of the influence of ENSO SST variability on the first and second moment of the probability density function (PDF) of 200-mb seasonal mean height is made. This comparison is quantified by regressing the interannual variability in the mean and the spread of the seasonal means against the Nino-3.4 SSTs. Based on the analysis of simulations from multiple AGCMs, it is concluded that the relative impact of interannual variability of SSTs is larger, and more systematic, on the mean of the PDF of 200-mb heights than on its spread. This result implies that seasonal predictability due to SSTs is predominantly a function of its influence on the seasonal mean. Further, for the practice of seasonal predictions, it might be pragmatic to assume that spread of seasonal means stays constant and that the seasonal forecast information resides entirely in the shift of the seasonal mean PDF. C1 [Jha, Bhaskar] Climate Predict Ctr, WYLE Informat Syst, Washington, DC USA. [Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Jha, B (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 800, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM arun.kumar@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1412 EP 1423 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2495.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 431ZT UT WOS:000265104000006 ER PT J AU Janicot, S Mounier, F Hall, NMJ Leroux, S Sultan, B Kiladis, GN AF Janicot, Serge Mounier, Flore Hall, Nicholas M. J. Leroux, Stephanie Sultan, Benjamin Kiladis, George N. TI Dynamics of the West African Monsoon. Part IV: Analysis of 25-90-Day Variability of Convection and the Role of the Indian Monsoon SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; SURFACE CIRCULATION PATTERNS; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE SUMMER; SAHARAN WEATHER ANOMALIES; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; COUPLED EQUATORIAL WAVES; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; EASTERLY WAVES; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE AB This paper is part of a series of studies addressing the dynamics of the West African summer monsoon at intraseasonal time scales between 10 and 90 days. The dominant mode of 25-90-day convective variability in the African monsoon was investigated, starting from previous results involving the excitation of dry equatorial Kelvin and Rossby waves by a negative diabatic heat source located over the warm pool. This evolution is consistent with a significant contribution by a convectively coupled equatorial Rossby wave and the MJO. On the other hand, convectively coupled Kelvin waves as well as the dry Kelvin wave signal have a very weak impact. However, there is more to the global control of the African summer monsoon than convectively coupled wave dynamics. The active/break cycle of the Indian monsoon, controlled by a northward-moving dipole of diabatic heating in the Indian sector, can also influence the African monsoon through atmospheric teleconnections. Simulations performed with a dry primitive equation model show that this influence may be transferred through the northern Indian heat source, which excites a Rossby cyclonic circulation propagating westward over North Africa that is cut off by the northward arrival of the equatorial Indian heat source and the associated intrusion of an anticyclonic ridge. Low-level westerly winds and moisture advection within the ITCZ consequently increase over Africa. The mean time lag between an active phase over India and over Africa is about 15-20 days. C1 [Janicot, Serge; Sultan, Benjamin] Univ Paris 06, LOCEAN, IPSL, IRD, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Mounier, Flore] EQECAT, Paris, France. [Hall, Nicholas M. J.] UPS, LEGOS, Toulouse, France. [Leroux, Stephanie] UJF, LTIIE, Grenoble, France. [Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Janicot, S (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, LOCEAN, IPSL, IRD, Boite 100,4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. EM serge.janicot@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr RI Sultan, Benjamin/C-8957-2012; Janicot, Serge/E-8493-2012; Hall, Nicholas/M-4837-2015 FU France, the UK, the US, and Africa; European Community's Sixth Framework Research Programme FX We are thankful to the NOAACIRES Climate Diagnostics Center ( Boulder, CO) for providing the NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis dataset and the Interpolated OLR dataset from their Web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/. We thank H. Annamalai and the other reviewer for their contribution to help clarify this paper. Based on French initiative, AMMA was built by an international scientific group and is currently funded by a large number of agencies, especially from France, the UK, the US, and Africa. It has been the beneficiary of a major financial contribution from the European Community's Sixth Framework Research Programme. Detailed information on scientific coordination and funding is available on the AMMA International website (http://www.amma-international.org). NR 64 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1541 EP 1565 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2314.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 431ZT UT WOS:000265104000014 ER PT J AU Gu, XH Sung, L Kidah, B Oudina, M Clerici, C Hu, HQ Stanley, D Byrd, WE Jean, JYC Nguyen, T Martin, JW AF Gu, Xiaohong Sung, Lipiin Kidah, Bouchra Oudina, Mounira Clerici, Cyril Hu, Haiqing Stanley, Debbie Byrd, Walter E. Jean, Jerry Y. C. Nguyen, Tinh Martin, Jonathan W. TI Multiscale physical characterization of an outdoor-exposed polymeric coating system SO JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Morphology; Roughness; AFM; Confocal microscopy; Gloss; Optical scattering ID SURFACE-TOPOGRAPHY; DEGRADATION; MICROSCOPY; MORPHOLOGY AB Surface topography and gloss are two related properties affecting the appearance of a polymeric coating system. Upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the surface topography of a coating becomes more pronounced and, correspondingly, its gloss generally decreases. However, the surface factors affecting gloss and appearance are difficult to ascertain. In this article, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) measurements have been performed on an amine-cured epoxy coating system exposed to outdoor environments in Gaithersburg, Maryland. The formation of the protuberances is observed at the early degradation stages, followed by the appearance of circular pits as exposure continues. At long exposure times, the circular features enlarge and deepen, resulting in a rough surface topography and crack formation. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) study indicates that the oxidation and chain scission reactions are likely the origins of the surface morphological changes. The relationship between changes in surface roughness and gloss has been analyzed. The root mean square (RMS) roughness of the coating is related to nanoscale and microscale morphological changes in the surface of the coating as well as to the gloss retention. A near-linear dependence of RMS roughness with the measurement length scale (L) is found on a double logarithmic scale, i.e., RMS similar to L (f). The scaling factor, f, decreases with exposure time. The relationship between surface topography, on nano- to microscales, and the macroscale optical properties such as gloss retention is discussed. Moreover, a recent development in using an angle-resolved light scattering technique for the measurement of the specular and off-specular reflectance of the UV-exposed specimens is also demonstrated, and the optical scattering data are compared to the gloss and the roughness results. C1 [Gu, Xiaohong; Sung, Lipiin; Kidah, Bouchra; Oudina, Mounira; Clerici, Cyril; Hu, Haiqing; Stanley, Debbie; Byrd, Walter E.; Nguyen, Tinh; Martin, Jonathan W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jean, Jerry Y. C.] Univ Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP Gu, XH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xiaohong.gu@nist.gov FU Federal Highway Administration; Wright Patterson AFB; Forest Products Laboratory FX This research is part of a Government/Industry consortium on Service Life Prediction of Coatings at NIST. Companies involved in this consortium include Akzo Nobel, Arkema Inc., Atlas Material Testing Technologies LLC, Dow Chemical, and Sherwin-Williams. Federal Highway Administration, Wright Patterson AFB, and Forest Products Laboratory also provided additional funds for this research. We thank DOW Chemical for providing the epoxy resin, and Sherwin-Williams for providing the urethane resin. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1547-0091 J9 J COAT TECHNOL RES JI J. Coat. Technol. Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 1 BP 67 EP 79 DI 10.1007/s11998-008-9108-6 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 411JU UT WOS:000263646600006 ER PT J AU Khandelwal, K El-Tawil, S Sadek, F AF Khandelwal, Kapil El-Tawil, Sherif Sadek, Fahim TI Progressive collapse analysis of seismically designed steel braced frames SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Progressive collapse; Seismic detailing; Steel frames; Eccentrically braced frames; Special concentrically braced frames; Finite element; Macro-model AB The progressive collapse resistance of seismically designed steel braced frames is investigated using validated computational simulation models. Two types of braced systems are considered: namely, special concentrically braced frames and eccentrically braced frames. The study is conducted on previously designed 10-story prototype buildings by applying the alternate path method. In this methodology, critical columns and adjacent braces, if present, are instantaneously removed from an analysis model and the ability of the model to successfully absorb member loss is investigated. Member removal in this manner is intended to represent a situation where an extreme event or abnormal load destroys the member. The simulation results show that while both systems benefit from placement of the seismically designed frames on the perimeter of the building, the eccentrically braced frame is less vulnerable to progressive collapse than the special concentrically braced frame. Improvement in behavior is clue to improved system and member layouts in the former compared to the latter rather than the use of more stringent seismic detailing. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Khandelwal, Kapil; El-Tawil, Sherif] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Env Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Sadek, Fahim] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP El-Tawil, S (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Env Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM kapilk@umich.edu; eltawil@umich.edu; fahim.sadek@nist.gov RI khandelwal, kapil/E-4037-2012; Khandelwal, Kapil/B-9181-2017; OI Khandelwal, Kapil/0000-0002-5748-6019; El-Tawil, Sherif/0000-0001-6437-5176 FU Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Michigan; National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMS-0408243, CMMI-0726493]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX The presented work was supported in part by the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Michigan, the National Science Foundation (NSF) through grants CMS-0408243, CMMI-0726493 and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. Certain commercial products, software, or materials are identified in this paper to describe a procedure or concept adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation, endorsement, or implication by NIST that the, products, software, or materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 20 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-974X J9 J CONSTR STEEL RES JI J. Constr. Steel. Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 65 IS 3 BP 699 EP 708 DI 10.1016/j.jcsr.2008.02.007 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 405AU UT WOS:000263195300020 ER PT J AU Lee, JJW Kwon, JY Chai, H Lucas, PW Thompson, VP Lawn, BR AF Lee, J. J. -W. Kwon, J. -Y. Chai, H. Lucas, P. W. Thompson, V. P. Lawn, B. R. TI Fracture Modes in Human Teeth SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dental enamel; fracture modes; median cracks; margin cracks; occlusal loading ID LAYER STRUCTURES; DENTAL CROWNS; HUMAN ENAMEL; INDENTATION DAMAGE; MARGIN FAILURES; CERAMICS; COATINGS; FATIGUE; DESIGN AB The structural integrity of teeth under stress is vital to functional longevity. We tested the hypothesis that this integrity is limited by fracture of the enamel. Experiments were conducted on molar teeth, with a metal rod loaded onto individual cusps. Fracture during testing was tracked with a video camera. Two longitudinal modes of cracking were observed: median cracking from the contact zone, and margin cracking along side walls. Median cracks initiated from plastic damage at the contact site, at first growing slowly and then accelerating to the tooth margin. Margin cracks appeared to originate from the cementoenamel junction, and traversed the tooth wall adjacent to the loaded cusp from the gingival to the occlusal surface. All cracks remained confined within the enamel shell up to about 550 N. At higher loads, additional crack modes-such as enamel chipping and delamination-began to manifest themselves, leading to more comprehensive failure of the tooth structure. C1 [Lee, J. J. -W.; Lawn, B. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kwon, J. -Y.] Changwon Natl Univ, Sch Nano & Adv Mat Engn, Chang Won, Kyung Nam, South Korea. [Chai, H.] Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Sch Mech Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Lucas, P. W.] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Thompson, V. P.] NYU, Coll Dent, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Lee, JJW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM james.lee@nist.gov OI Thompson, Van P/0000-0003-0033-0344 FU GWU Strategic Plan for Academic Excellence; NSF/IGERT [9987590] FX Funding from the GWU Strategic Plan for Academic Excellence and support of GWU Vice-President Lehman are gratefully acknowledged, as is support from an NSF/IGERT grant (no. 9987590). Extracted human teeth were supplied by the American Dental Association at NIST. NR 32 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0022-0345 EI 1544-0591 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 88 IS 3 BP 224 EP 228 DI 10.1177/0022034508330055 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 424KP UT WOS:000264565900006 PM 19329454 ER PT J AU Griffiths, J Ray, JR AF Griffiths, Jake Ray, Jim R. TI On the precision and accuracy of IGS orbits SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY LA English DT Article DE GPS; IGS; Satellite orbit; Accuracy; Positional discontinuity; Precision AB In order to explore the precision and accuracy of International GNSS Service (IGS) orbits, we difference geocentric satellite positions midway between successive daily Final orbits for the period starting 5 November 2006, when the IGS switched its method of antenna calibration, through 31 December 2007. This yields a time series of orbit repeatabilities analogous to the classical geodetic test for position determinations. If we compare our average positional discontinuities to the official IGS accuracy codes, root-sum-squared (RSS) for each pair of days, we find the discontinuities are not well correlated with the predicted performance values. If instead the IGS weighted root-mean-square (WRMS) values from the Final combination long-arc analyses are taken as the measure of IGS accuracy, we find the position differences and long-arc values are correlated, but the long-arc values are exaggerated, particularly around eclipses, despite the fact that our day-boundary position differences apply to a single epoch each day and the long-arc analyses consider variations over a week. Our method is not well suited to probe the extent to which systematic effects dominate over random orbit errors, as indicated by satellite laser ranging residuals, but eclipsing satellites often display the most problematic behavior. A better metric than the current IGS orbit accuracy codes would probably be one based on the orbit discontinuities between successive days. C1 [Griffiths, Jake; Ray, Jim R.] NOAA Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Griffiths, J (reprint author), NOAA Natl Geodet Survey, 1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM jake.griffiths@noaa.gov; jim.ray@noaa.gov NR 10 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-7714 EI 1432-1394 J9 J GEODESY JI J. Geodesy PD MAR PY 2009 VL 83 IS 3-4 BP 277 EP 287 DI 10.1007/s00190-008-0237-6 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA 409RX UT WOS:000263524600010 ER PT J AU Kass, WG Dulaney, RL Griffiths, J Hilla, S Ray, J Rohde, J AF Kass, William G. Dulaney, Robert L. Griffiths, Jake Hilla, Stephen Ray, Jim Rohde, James TI Global GPS data analysis at the National Geodetic Survey SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS); Global Positioning System (GPS); National Geodetic Survey (NGS); International GNSS Service (IGS); Analysis Centers (ACs) ID MODEL AB NOAA's National Geodetic Survey (NGS) has been one of the Analysis Centers (ACs) of the International GNSS Service (IGS) since its inception in 1994. Solutions for daily GPS orbits and Earth orientation parameters are regularly contributed to the IGS Rapid and Final products, as well as solutions of weekly station positions. These solutions are combined with those of the other ACs and then the resultant IGS products are distributed to users. To perform these tasks, NGS has developed and refined the Program for the Adjustment of GPS EphemerideS (PAGES) software. Although PAGES has continuously evolved over the past 15 years, recent efforts have focused mostly on updating models and procedures to conform more closely to IGS and the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) conventions. Details of our processing updates and demonstrations of the improvements will be provided. C1 [Kass, William G.; Dulaney, Robert L.; Griffiths, Jake; Hilla, Stephen; Ray, Jim; Rohde, James] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kass, WG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, 1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Bill.Kass@noaa.gov; Bob.Dulaney@noaa.gov; Jake.Griffiths@noaa.gov; Steve.Hilla@noaa.gov; Jim.Ray@noaa.gov; Jim.Rohde@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-7714 J9 J GEODESY JI J. Geodesy PD MAR PY 2009 VL 83 IS 3-4 BP 289 EP 295 DI 10.1007/s00190-008-0255-4 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA 409RX UT WOS:000263524600011 ER PT J AU Schwab, DJ Beletsky, D DePinto, J Dolan, DM AF Schwab, David J. Beletsky, Dmitry DePinto, Joseph Dolan, David M. TI A hydrodynamic approach to modeling phosphorus distribution in Lake Erie SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Erie; Phosphorus; Modeling ID GREAT-LAKES; POST AUDIT; CURRENTS; CIRCULATION AB The purpose of this paper is to show how a high-resolution numerical circulation model of Lake Erie can be used to gain insight into the spatial and temporal variability of phosphorus (and by inference, other components of the lower food web) in the lake. The computer model simulates the detailed spatial and temporal distribution of total phosphorus in Lake Erie during 1994 based on tributary and atmospheric loading, hydrodynamic transport, and basin-dependent net apparent settling. Phosphorus loads to the lake in 1994 were relatively low, about 30% lower than the average loads for the past 30 years. Results of the model simulations are presented in terms of maps of 1) annually averaged phosphorus concentration, 2) temporal variability of phosphorus concentration, and 3) relative contribution of annual phosphorus load from specific tributaries. Model results illustrate that significant nearshore to offshore gradients occur in the vicinity of tributary mouths and their along-shore plumes. For instance, the annually averaged phosphorus concentration can vary by a factor of 10 from one end of the lake to the other. Phosphorus levels at some points in the lake can change by a factor of 10 in a matter of hours. Variance in phosphorus levels is up to 100 times higher near major tributary mouths than it is in offshore waters. The model is also used to estimate the spatial distribution of phosphorus variability and to produce maps of the relative contribution of individual tributaries to the annual average concentration at each point in the lake. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Schwab, David J.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Beletsky, Dmitry] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecol Res, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [DePinto, Joseph] LimnoTech, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Dolan, David M.] Univ Wisconsin, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. RP Schwab, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM david.schwab@noaa.gov; dima.beletsky@noaa.gov; jdepinto@limno.com; doland@uwgb.edu RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012; OI Beletsky, Dmitry/0000-0003-4532-0588 NR 30 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 5 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 35 IS 1 BP 50 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2008.09.003 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 432TU UT WOS:000265157900007 ER PT J AU Ma, L Morris, DJ Jennerjohn, SL Bahr, DF Levine, L AF Ma, Li Morris, Dylan J. Jennerjohn, Stefhanni L. Bahr, David F. Levine, Lyle TI Finite element analysis and experimental investigation of the Hertzian assumption on the characterization of initial plastic yield SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SPHERICAL INDENTATION; INSTRUMENTED INDENTATION; DISLOCATION NUCLEATION; INCIPIENT PLASTICITY; AREA FUNCTION; NANOINDENTATION; DEFORMATION; CONTACT; INDENTERS; SHAPE AB Sudden displacement excursions during load-controlled nanoindentation of relatively dislocation-free Surfaces of metals are frequently associated with dislocation nucleation, multiplication, and propagation. Insight into the nanomechanical origins of plasticity in metallic crystals may be gained through estimation of the stresses that nucleate dislocations. An assessment of the potential errors in the experimental measurement of nucleation stresses, especially in materials that exhibit the elastic-plastic transition at small indentation depths, is critical. In this work, the near-apex shape of a Berkovich probe was measured by scanning probe microscopy. This shape was then used as a "virtual" indentation probe in a 3-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) of indentation on < 100 >-oriented single-crystal tungsten. Simultaneously, experiments were carried Out With the real indenter, also on < 100 >-oriented single-crystal tungsten. There is good agreement between the FEA and experimental load-displacement Curves. The Hertzian estimate of the radius of Curvature was significantly larger than that directly Measured from the scanning probe experiments. This effect was replicated in FEA simulation of indentation by a sphere. These results Suggest that Hertzian estimates of the maximum shear stresses in the target material Lit the point of dislocation nucleation are a conservative lower bound. Stress estimates obtained from the experimental data using the Hertzian approximation were over 30% smaller than those determined from FEA. C1 [Ma, Li; Morris, Dylan J.; Levine, Lyle] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ma, Li] Kent State Univ, Dept Chem Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Jennerjohn, Stefhanni L.; Bahr, David F.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Morris, DJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dylan.morris@nist.gov RI Bahr, David/A-6521-2012 OI Bahr, David/0000-0003-2893-967X NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 24 IS 3 BP 1059 EP 1068 DI 10.1557/JMR.2009.0134 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 460ST UT WOS:000267208100052 ER PT J AU Gerbig, YB Stranick, SJ Morris, DJ Vaudin, MD Cook, RF AF Gerbig, Y. B. Stranick, S. J. Morris, D. J. Vaudin, M. D. Cook, R. F. TI Effect of crystallographic orientation on phase transformations during indentation of silicon SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MONO-CRYSTALLINE SILICON; MONOCRYSTALLINE SILICON; SPHERICAL INDENTATION; NANOINDENTATION; MICROINDENTATION; DEFORMATION; SIMULATION; INDENTERS; BEHAVIOR AB In a statistical nanoindentation study using a spherical probe, the effect of crystallographic orientation on the phase transformation of silicon (Si) was investigated. The occurrence and the contact pressures at which events associated with phase transformation occur, for an indentation force range from 20 to 200 mN, were analyzed and compared for the orientations Si(001), Si(110), and Si(111). It was found that plastic deformation combined with phase transformation during loading was initiated at lower forces (contact pressures) for Si(110) and Si(111) than for Si(001). Also, the contact pressure at which the phase transformation Occurred during unloading was strongly influenced by the crystallographic orientation, with up to 38% greater values for Si(110) and Si(111) compared to Si(001). Mapping the residual stress field around indentations by confocal Raman microscopy revealed significant differences in the stress pattern for the three orientations. C1 [Gerbig, Y. B.; Morris, D. J.; Vaudin, M. D.; Cook, R. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stranick, S. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gerbig, YB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yvonne.gerbig@nist.gov NR 41 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 17 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 24 IS 3 BP 1172 EP 1183 DI 10.1557/JMR.2009.0122 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 460ST UT WOS:000267208100065 ER PT J AU DiNezio, PN Gramer, LJ Johns, WE Meinen, CS Baringer, MO AF DiNezio, Pedro N. Gramer, Lewis J. Johns, William E. Meinen, Christopher S. Baringer, Molly O. TI Observed Interannual Variability of the Florida Current: Wind Forcing and the North Atlantic Oscillation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID BAROCLINIC ROSSBY WAVES; SEASONAL TRANSPORT VARIATIONS; DECADAL VARIABILITY; PLANETARY-WAVES; APRIL 1982; OCEAN; MODEL; CIRCULATION; STRAITS; PACIFIC AB The role of wind stress curl (WSC) forcing in the observed interannual variability of the Florida Current (FC) transport is investigated. Evidence is provided for baroclinic adjustment as a physical mechanism linking interannual changes in WSC forcing and changes in the circulation of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. A continuous monthly time series of FC transport is constructed using daily transports estimated from undersea telephone cables near 27 degrees N in the Straits of Florida. This 25-yr-long time series is linearly regressed against interannual WSC variability derived from the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis. The results indicate that a substantial fraction of the FC transport variability at 3-12-yr periods is explained by low-frequency WSC variations. A lagged regression analysis is performed to explore hypothetical adjustment times of the wind-driven circulation. The estimated lag times are at least 2 times faster than those predicted by linear beta-plane planetary wave theory. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed within the context of recent observational and theoretical developments. The results are then linked with earlier findings of a low-frequency anticorrelation between FC transport and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, showing that this relationship could result from the positive (negative) WSC anomalies that develop between 208 and 30 degrees N in the western North Atlantic during high (low) NAO phases. Ultimately, the observed role of wind forcing on the interannual variability of the FC could represent a benchmark for current efforts to monitor and predict the North Atlantic circulation. C1 [DiNezio, Pedro N.; Gramer, Lewis J.] Univ Miami, CIMAS, RSMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Meinen, Christopher S.; Baringer, Molly O.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP DiNezio, PN (reprint author), Univ Miami, CIMAS, RSMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM pdinezio@rsmas.miami.edu RI Gramer, Lewis/A-5620-2010; Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012 OI Gramer, Lewis/0000-0003-4772-1991; Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194 FU CIMAS; University of Miami; NOAA [NA17RJ1226]; NOAA/AOML; NSF [OCE-0241438] FX This research was carried out in part under the auspices of CIMAS, a join institute of the University of Miami and NOAA (Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1226). PD and LW were supported by NOAA/AOML and CIMAS, WJ was supported by NSF Grant OCE-0241438, and CM and MB were supported by the NOAA Western Boundary Time Series project. NR 53 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 39 IS 3 BP 721 EP 736 DI 10.1175/2008JPO4001.1 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 431ZV UT WOS:000265104200014 ER PT J AU Kane, J AF Kane, Joseph TI A comparison of two zooplankton time series data collected in the Gulf of Maine SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS PLANKTON RECORDER; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; METRIDIA-LUCENS; CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; ABUNDANCE TRENDS; SHELF ECOSYSTEM; GEORGES-BANK; CPR; COPEPODS; ATLANTIC AB Interannual and seasonal trends of zooplankton abundance and species composition were compared between the Bongo net and Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) time series in the Gulf of Maine. Data from 5799 Bongo and 3118 CPR samples were compared from the years 1978-2006. The two programs use different sampling methods, with the Bongo time series composed of bimonthly vertically integrated samples from locations throughout the region, while the CPR was towed monthly at 10 m depth on a transect that bisects the region. It was found that there was a significant correlation between the interannual (r = 0.67, P < 0.01) and seasonal (r = 0.95, P < 0.01) variability of total zooplankton counts. Abundance rankings of individual taxa were highly correlated and temporal trends of dominant copepods were similar between samplers. Multivariate analysis also showed that both time series equally detected major shifts in community structure through time. However, absolute abundance levels were higher in the Bongo and temporal patterns for many of the less abundant taxa groups were not similar between the two devices. The different mesh sizes of the samplers probably caused some of the discrepancies; but diel migration patterns, damage to soft bodied animals and avoidance of the small CPR aperture by some taxa likely contributed to the catch differences between the two devices. Nonetheless, Bongo data presented here confirm the previously published patterns found in the CPR data set, and both show that the abundance increase of the 1990s has been followed by average to below average levels from 2002 to 06. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Kane, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM joe.kane@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 31 IS 3 BP 249 EP 259 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbn119 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 404PP UT WOS:000263165800002 ER PT J AU Gaigalas, AK He, HJ Wang, LL AF Gaigalas, A. K. He, Hua-Jun Wang, Lili TI Measurement of Absorption and Scattering With an Integrating Sphere Detector: Application to Microalgae SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE absorbance; integrating sphere detector; microalgae; scattering ID SELECTIVE SCATTERING; AQUATIC PARTICLES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; FLUORESCENCE; CHLOROPHYLL; WATER; SUSPENSIONS; PLANTS AB A spectrometer with an integrating sphere (IS) detector was used to measure the absorbance due to scattering and absorption. Analysis of the measurement process showed that two measurements of the absorbance, one with the cuvette placed in the normal spectrometer position, and the second with the cuvette placed next to the entrance aperture of the IS detector, provide enough information to separate the contributions from scattering and molecular absorption. Measurements were carried out with mixtures of microsphere and chromophore solutions. Two cases were examined: microspheres suspended in an aqueous fluorescein solution, and microspheres suspended in an aqueous holmium oxide solution. In both cases, the proposed measurement model gave results which were in good agreement with the expected response. Measurements on microalgae suspensions yielded a molecular absorption contribution and a scattering contribution. The scattering contribution had significant spectral structure which was inversely related to the molecular absorption contribution. The absorption and scattering contributions may provide independent information on the status of chlorophyll molecules and the structure of chloroplasts in microalgae. C1 [Gaigalas, A. K.; He, Hua-Jun; Wang, Lili] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gaigalas, AK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM adolfas.gaigalas@nist.gov; hua-jun.he@nist.gov; lili.wang@nist.gov NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 114 IS 2 BP 69 EP 81 DI 10.6028/jres.114.006 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 461JS UT WOS:000267262600001 PM 27504214 ER PT J AU Mielenz, KD AF Mielenz, Klaus D. TI Issues in Optical Diffraction Theory SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bidirectional scalar diffraction; continuously differentiable field components; Fresnel; Kirchhoff; near-field; partial coherence; plane apertures; polarization; pseudo-vectorial theories; Rayleigh; Sommerfeld; transmission coefficients ID APERTURES AB This paper focuses on unresolved or poorly documented issues pertaining to Fresnel's scalar diffraction theory and its modifications. In Sec. 2 it is pointed out that all thermal sources used in practice are finite in size and errors can result from insufficient coherence of the optical field. A quarter-wave criterion is applied to show how such errors can be avoided by placing the source at a large distance from the aperture plane, and it is found that in many cases it may be necessary to use collimated light as on the source side of a Fraunhofer experiment. If these precautions are not taken the theory of partial coherence may have to be used for the computations. In Sec. 3 it is recalled that for near-zone computations the Kirchhoff or Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integrals are applicable, but fail to correctly describe the energy flux across the aperture plane because they are not continuously differentiable with respect to the assumed geometrical field on the source side. This is remedied by formulating an improved theory in which the field on either side of a semi-reflecting screen is expressed as the superposition of mutually incoherent components which propagate in the opposite directions of the incident and reflected light. These components are defined as linear combinations of the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integrals, so that they are rigorous solutions of the wave equation as well as continuously differentiable in the aperture plane. Algorithms for using the new theory for computing the diffraction patterns of circular apertures and slits at arbitrary distances z from either side of the aperture (down to z = +/- 0.0003 lambda) are presented, and numerical examples of the results are given. These results show that the incident geometrical field is modulated by diffraction before it reaches the aperture plane while the reflected field is spilled into the dark space. At distances from the aperture which are large compared to the wavelength. these field expressions are reduced to the usual ones specified by Fresnel's theory. In the specific case of a diffracting half plane the numerical results obtained were practically the same as those given by Sommerfeld's rigorous theory. The modified theory developed in this paper is based on the explicit assumption that the scalar theory of light cannot explain plolarization effects. This premise is justified in Sec. 4, where it is shown that previous attempts to do so have produced dubious results. C1 [Mielenz, Klaus D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radiometr Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kmielenz@wildblue.net NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 114 IS 2 BP 83 EP 97 DI 10.6028/jres.114.007 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 461JS UT WOS:000267262600002 PM 27504215 ER PT J AU Bennett, HS Andres, H Pellegrino, J Kwok, W Fabricius, N Chapin, JT AF Bennett, Herbert S. Andres, Howard Pellegrino, Joan Kwok, Winnie Fabricius, Norbert Chapin, J. Thomas TI Priorities for Standards and Measurements to Accelerate Innovations in Nano-Electrotechnologies: Analysis of the NIST-Energetics-IEC TC 113 Survey SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Borda count method; confidence interval; median method; nano-electrotechnologies; priorities; rankings; standards; statistical significance ID M RANKINGS AB In 2008, the National Institute of Standards and Technology and Energetics Incorporated collaborated with the International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Committee 113 (IEC TC 113) on nano-electrotechnologies to survey members of the international nanotechnologies community about priorities for standards and measurements to accelerate innovations in nano-electrotechnologies. In this paper, we analyze the 459 survey responses from 45 countries as one means to begin building a consensus on a framework leading to nano-electrotechnologies standards development by standards organizations and national measurement institutes. The distributions of priority rankings from all 459 respondents are such that there are perceived distinctions with statistical confidence between the relative international priorities for the several items ranked in each of the following five Survey category types: 1) Nano-electrotechnology Properties, 2) Nano-electrotechnology Taxonomy: Products, 3) Nano-electrotechnology Taxonomy: Cross-Cutting Technologies, 4) IEC General Discipline Areas, and 5) Stages of the Linear Economic Model. The global consensus prioritizations for ranked items in the above five category types suggest that the IEC TC 113 should focus initially on standards and measurements for electronic and electrical properties of sensors and fabrication tools that support performance assessments of nano-technology enabled sub-assemblies used in energy, medical, and computer products. C1 [Bennett, Herbert S.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Andres, Howard; Pellegrino, Joan; Kwok, Winnie] Energetics Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Fabricius, Norbert] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76344 Leoppoldshafen, Germany. [Chapin, J. Thomas] Underwriters Labs Inc, Northbrook, IL 60062 USA. RP Bennett, HS (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM herbert.bennett@nist.gov NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 114 IS 2 BP 99 EP 135 DI 10.6028/jres.114.008 PG 37 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 461JS UT WOS:000267262600003 PM 27504216 ER PT J AU Liberatore, MW Nettesheim, F Vasquez, PA Helgeson, ME Wagner, NJ Kaler, EW Cook, LP Porcar, L Hu, YT AF Liberatore, Matthew W. Nettesheim, Florian Vasquez, Paula A. Helgeson, Matthew E. Wagner, Norman J. Kaler, Eric W. Cook, L. Pamela Porcar, Lionel Hu, Y. Thomas TI Microstructure and shear rheology of entangled wormlike micelles in solution SO JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE colloids; Couette flow; neutron diffraction; non-Newtonian flow; non-Newtonian fluids; rheology; shear flow; viscoelasticity ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; INDUCED PHASE-SEPARATION; LONG UNSATURATED TAILS; CATIONIC SURFACTANTS; LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE; LIVING POLYMERS; BEHAVIOR; TRANSITION; FLUIDS; BIREFRINGENCE AB The shear rheology of a model wormlike micellar solution exhibits moderate shear thinning and curved flow velocity profiles without discontinuity (nonbanding case). The shear rheology and the flow kinematics are analyzed within the framework of the Giesekus constitutive equation. Macroscopically, the steady state flow curve of the solution exhibits shear thinning with a shear exponent < 1 without hysteresis, indicative of a sample that does not shear band. The microstructure of the micellar network is probed by the combination of dynamic rheology, rheo-optics, and SANS. Flow kinematics in a Couette geometry are measured by particle tracking velocimetry and found to be consistent with predictions of the Giesekus constitutive equation fit to the bulk shear rheology. 1-2 plane SANS measurements of the segmental alignment under shear are also found to be in agreement with predictions of the constitutive equation, providing a coherent picture of the mechanisms by which wormlike micelles flow and shear thin. The degree of segmental alignment is found to lag behind predictions of the model, which is postulated to be a consequence of the long, branched topology of the wormlike micelles. C1 [Liberatore, Matthew W.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Nettesheim, Florian] DuPont Co Inc, Cent Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. [Vasquez, Paula A.; Helgeson, Matthew E.; Wagner, Norman J.; Kaler, Eric W.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Cook, L. Pamela] Univ Delaware, Dept Math, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Hu, Y. Thomas] Unilever Res Labs, Trumbull, CT 06611 USA. RP Liberatore, MW (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM mliberat@mines.edu RI Wagner, Norman/B-6558-2012; Helgeson, Matthew/B-9134-2013; Liberatore, Matthew/B-6828-2008 OI Wagner, Norman/0000-0001-9565-619X; NR 41 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 51 PU JOURNAL RHEOLOGY AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0148-6055 J9 J RHEOL JI J. Rheol. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 2 BP 441 EP 458 DI 10.1122/1.3072077 PG 18 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 410SU UT WOS:000263599400010 ER PT J AU McGraw, KA AF McGraw, Katherine A. TI THE OLYMPIA OYSTER, OSTREA LURIDA CARPENTER 1864 ALONG THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Restorat Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP McGraw, KA (reprint author), NOAA, Restorat Ctr, 1315 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Kay.McGraw@noaa.gov NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 15 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1 BP 5 EP 10 DI 10.2983/035.028.0110 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 433BA UT WOS:000265177200001 ER PT J AU Buhle, ER Ruesink, JL AF Buhle, Eric R. Ruesink, Jennifer L. TI IMPACTS OF INVASIVE OYSTER DRILLS ON OLYMPIA OYSTER (OSTREA LURIDA CARPENTER 1864) RECOVERY IN WILLAPA BAY, WASHINGTON, UNITED STATES SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Olympia oyster; Ostrea lurida; invasion; predator-prey; indirect effect; Ocinebrina inornata; Urosalpinx cinerea; Crassostrea gigas ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PREY SELECTION; PREDATION; CONSEQUENCES; CONSERVATION; EMARGINATA; THAIS AB The Olympia oyster (Ostrea lurida)double dagger was historically abundant in Willapa Bay, WA, but populations were decimated by overexploitation in the mid to late-1800s and have failed to recover. We investigated the potential role of two introduced predatory gastropods, the Japanese drill (Ocinebrina inornata) and the eastern drill (Urosalpinx cinerea), in limiting Olympia oyster recovery. We quantified the bay-wide distribution, local abundance, and per capita effects of drills, and asked how each of these three components of total invasion impact might be influenced by another dominant introduced species, the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea g gas). Bay-wide sampling revealed differences in spatial distribution of the two drill species, with U. cinerea more abundant toward the head of the estuary and O. inornata more abundant toward the Mouth. Individual feeding trials indicated that both drill species preferred Pacific oysters to Olympia oysters of similar size, and preferentially attacked smaller oysters. We used field enclosures to quantify the direct effects of Japanese drill predation on Olympia and Pacific oysters, intra and interspecific competition, and indirect effects mediated by the shared predator. Predation reduced the survival of both oyster species, but the per capita impact of Japanese drills declined with increasing density of either Olympia or Pacific oysters, consistent with a type I I functional response. This positive indirect effect of Pacific oysters oil Olympia oysters was offset by asymmetric competition, in which Pacific oysters reduced Olympia oyster growth and survival but not vice versa. Despite the large drill impacts seen in these experiments, Olympia oysters transplanted to intertidal sites throughout the bay experienced low and variable rates of drill predation compared with other mortality sources. Introduced drills may be only one of a suite of factors that prevent rebuilding of Olympia oysters in the intertidal zone in Willapa Bay. C1 [Buhle, Eric R.; Ruesink, Jennifer L.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Buhle, ER (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM eric.buhle@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to Washington Sea Grant Program, University of Washington [9NA16RG1044]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research fellowship; Achievement Rewards for College Scientists fellowship FX The authors thank the organizers of the 2006 West Coast Native Oyster Restoration Workshop for coordinating this Special Issue. Lee McCoy, Nehemiah Richardson, Jon Adler, Heather Tallis, Brice Sernincils, and Geoff Hosack provided invaluable help with the field work. This research was supported by grant 9NA16RG1044 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to Washington Sea Grant Program, University of Washington, and by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research fellowship and an Achievement Rewards for College Scientists fellowship to ERB. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA Or its Subagencies. NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 39 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.2983/035.028.0115 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 433BA UT WOS:000265177200010 ER PT J AU Delarue, J Todd, SK Van Parijs, SM Iorio, L AF Delarue, Julien Todd, Sean K. Van Parijs, Sofie M. Di Iorio, Lucia TI Geographic variation in Northwest Atlantic fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) song: Implications for stock structure assessment SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE acoustic signal processing; biocommunications; environmental factors; underwater sound ID POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; HUMPBACK WHALE; VOCAL DIALECTS; BALEEN WHALES; ST-LAWRENCE; GULF; CANADA; VOCALIZATIONS; DIVERGENCE AB Passive acoustic data are increasingly being used as a tool for helping to define marine mammal populations and stocks. Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) songs present a unique opportunity to determine interstock differences. Their highly stereotyped interpulse interval has been shown to vary between geographic areas and to remain stable over time in some areas. In this study the structure of songs recorded at two geographically close feeding aggregations in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL) and Gulf of Maine (GoM) was compared. Recordings were made from September 2005 through February 2006 in the GSL and intermittently between January 2006 and September 2007 at two locations in the GoM. 6257 pulse intervals corresponding to 19 GSL and 29 GoM songs were measured to characterize songs from both areas. Classification trees showed that GSL songs differ significantly from those in the GoM. The results are consistent with those derived from other stock structure assessment methodologies, such as chemical signature and photoidentification analysis, suggesting that fin whales in these areas may form separate management stocks. Song structure analysis could therefore provide a useful and cost-efficient tool for defining conservation units over temporal and geographical scales relevant to management objectives in fin whales. C1 [Delarue, Julien] Coll Atlantic, Halifax, NS B3L 3S9, Canada. [Todd, Sean K.] Coll Atlantic, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. [Van Parijs, Sofie M.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Di Iorio, Lucia] Univ Zurich, Inst Zool, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Delarue, J (reprint author), Coll Atlantic, 3078 George Dauphinee Ave, Halifax, NS B3L 3S9, Canada. EM juldel30@hotmail.com FU Marisla Foundation; Northeast Fisheries Science Center; Northeast Regional Fisheries Office; Forschungskommission der Universitat Zurich; Zurich Tierschutz; Schweizerische Akademie der Naturwissenschaften; Basler Stiftung fur biologische Forschung FX The authors would like to thank Leila Hatch as well as two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper. They are also thankful to the staff and volunteers at Allied Whale and Cornell Bioacoustics Research Laboratory and more particularly to Chris Tremblay, Dan DenDanto, and Toby Stephenson for their assistance in the deployment and retrieval of pop-up buoys at MDR. Funding for MDR data collection was provided by the Marisla Foundation. For the SBNMS data collection, David Wiley, Chris Clark, Leila Hatch, and Michael Thompson provided helpful support. Funding was provided by the Northeast Fisheries Science Center, the Northeast Regional Fisheries Office, and the SBNMS. Funding for the GSL data collection was provided by Forschungskommission der Universitat Zurich, Zurich Tierschutz, Schweizerische Akademie der Naturwissenschaften, and Basler Stiftung fur biologische Forschung. NR 52 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 31 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 125 IS 3 BP 1774 EP 1782 DI 10.1121/1.3068454 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 415CL UT WOS:000263911800056 PM 19275334 ER PT J AU Kyritsis, K Hall, C Bentz, DP Meller, N Wilsonz, MA AF Kyritsis, Konstantinos Hall, Christopher Bentz, Dale P. Meller, Nicola Wilsonz, Moira A. TI Relationship Between Engineering Properties, Mineralogy, and Microstructure in Cement-Based Hydroceramic Materials Cured at 200 degrees-350 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GEOTHERMAL-WELL CEMENTS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; SILICA FLOUR; PERMEABILITY; 200-DEGREES-C; TRUSCOTTITE; XONOTLITE; PRESSURE; CONCRETE; SCAWTITE AB Cement-based materials used to seal geothermal or deep oil wells are exposed to severe conditions. Optimizing engineering properties such as strength and permeability is therefore very important. We have synthesized hydroceramic materials for such applications based on the CaO-Al(2)O(3)-SiO(2)-H(2)O (CASH) system and cured them over a range of temperatures (200 degrees-350 degrees C). Depending on initial composition and curing temperature, hydroceramics of complex and diverse mineralogy and microstructure are formed. The minerals found include portlandite, jaffeite, xonotlite, gyrolite, 11 angstrom tobermorite, truscottite, hydrogarnet, and calcium aluminum silicate hydrate. These cement-based hydroceramic materials develop complicated pore structures, which strongly affect bulk properties. We report the compressive strength and permeability of these materials and show how these bulk engineering properties are related to microstructure. The compressive strength was found to be in the range 2-52 MPa and the intrinsic permeability in the range 0.5 x 10(-17) to 3300 x 10(-17) m(2). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for imaging the hydroceramic microstructures. Further, we have computed the intrinsic permeability from 2-D SEM images by using the Stokes equation solver, Permsolver, applied to reconstructed 3-D images and the results are shown to be in good agreement with experimentally determined values. C1 [Kyritsis, Konstantinos; Hall, Christopher; Meller, Nicola] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Sci Extreme Condit, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Bentz, Dale P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kyritsis, Konstantinos; Hall, Christopher; Meller, Nicola] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn & Elect, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Wilsonz, Moira A.] Univ Manchester, Sch Mech Aerosp & Civil Engn, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. RP Kyritsis, K (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Sci Extreme Condit, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, Midlothian, Scotland. EM k.kyritsis@ed.ac.uk RI Kyritsis, Konstantinos/C-7293-2008; Hall, Christopher/F-4694-2011 FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, U. K., [GR/T18998/01] FX This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, U. K., under Grant No. GR/T18998/01 NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 92 IS 3 BP 694 EP 701 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02914.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 419SY UT WOS:000264241200021 ER PT J AU Neta, P Simon-Manso, Y Yang, XY Stein, SE AF Neta, Pedatsur Simon-Manso, Yamil Yang, Xiaoyu Stein, Stephen E. TI Collisional Energy Dependence of Peptide Ion Fragmentation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID CLEAVAGE; ACID AB The energy dependence of fragmentation in a collision cell was measured for 2400 protonated peptide ions derived from the digestion of 24 proteins. The collision voltage at which the sum of the fragment ion abundances was equal to the remaining parent ion (V(1/2)) was the principal measure of fragmentation effectiveness. Each class of peptides was characterized by a linear relation between V(1/2) and m/z whose slope depended on the peptide class and, with little adjustment, intersected the origin. Peptide ions. where the number of protons is no greater than the number of arginine residues show the greatest slope, V(1/2)/(m/z) = 0.0472 (all slopes in units of V Da(-1) e). For peptides where the number of protons is greater than the number of arginines, but not greater than the total number of basic residues, the slope decreases to 0.0414 for singly charged ions, 0.0382 for doubly charged, 0.0346 for triply charged, and 0.0308 for more highly charged ions. With one mobile proton, the slope is about 0.029 for singly and doubly charged ions and slightly lower for more highly charged ions. With two or more mobile protons the slope is 0.0207. By removing m/z dependence, the deviation of V(1/2) from a line provides a relative measure of the ease of fragmentation of an ion in each class. This information can guide the selection of optimal conditions for tandem mass spectrometry studies in collision cells for selected peptide ions as well as aid in comparing the reactivity of ions differing in m/z and charge state. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2009, 20, 469-476) (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Mass Spectrometry C1 [Stein, Stephen E.] NIST, Mass Spectral Data Ctr, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stein, SE (reprint author), NIST, Mass Spectral Data Ctr, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, A260-222, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steve.stein@nist.gov NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 20 IS 3 BP 469 EP 476 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.11.005 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 417NG UT WOS:000264082200016 PM 19056297 ER PT J AU Mendelssohn, R AF Mendelssohn, Roy TI A Spatio-Temporal Model for Mean, Anomaly, and Trend Fields of North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature Comment SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID IDENTIFICATION C1 NOAA, NMFS, SWFSC, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Mendelssohn, R (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, SWFSC, Div Environm Res, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM roy.mendelssohn@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 104 IS 485 BP 20 EP 22 DI 10.1198/jasa.2009.0028 PG 3 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 425PI UT WOS:000264649200004 ER PT J AU Kumjian, MR Ryzhkov, AV AF Kumjian, Matthew R. Ryzhkov, Alexander V. TI Storm-Relative Helicity Revealed from Polarimetric Radar Measurements SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED CONVECTIVE STORMS; RAINDROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION; REAR-FLANK DOWNDRAFTS; VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; DUAL-POLARIZATION; DOPPLER RADAR; SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORM; PRECIPITATION FORMATION; MULTIPARAMETER RADAR; VIDEO DISDROMETER AB The dual-polarization radar variables are especially sensitive to the microphysical processes of melting and size sorting of precipitation particles. In deep convective storms, polarimetric measurements of such processes can provide information about the airflow in and around the storm that may be used to elucidate storm behavior and evolution. Size sorting mechanisms include differential sedimentation, vertical transport, strong rotation, and wind shear. In particular, winds that veer with increasing height typical of supercell environments cause size sorting that is manifested as an enhancement of differential reflectivity (Z(DR)) along the right or inflow edge of the forward-flank downdraft precipitation echo, which has been called the Z(DR) arc signature. In some cases, this shear profile can be augmented by the storm inflow. It is argued that the magnitude of this enhancement is related to the low-level storm-relative environmental helicity (SRH) in the storm inflow. To test this hypothesis, a simple numerical model is constructed that calculates trajectories for raindrops based on their individual sizes, which allows size sorting to occur. The modeling results indicate a strong positive correlation between the maximum Z(DR) in the arc signature and the low-level SRH, regardless of the initial drop size distribution aloft. Additional observational evidence in support of the conceptual model is presented. Potential changes in the Z(DR) arc signature as the supercell evolves and the low-level mesocyclone occludes are described. C1 [Kumjian, Matthew R.] Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, NSSL, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Kumjian, MR (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, NSSL, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM matthew.kumjian@noaa.gov FU NSF [ATM-0532107]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX This work evolved from part of an M. S. thesis at the University of Oklahoma and is supported under NSF Grant ATM-0532107. Additional funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. The authors thank the NSSL/CIMMS scientists and engineers who maintain and operate the KOUN polarimetric radar and signal processing software for research-grade applications. We also acknowledge useful discussions with Scott Giangrande. Robert Davies-Jones, Dusan Zrnic, and Evgeni Fedorovich reviewed earlier versions of the manuscript and provided very useful comments and suggestions that improved the paper. Additionally, comments from an anonymous reviewer helped clarify aspects of our work. NR 86 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 66 IS 3 BP 667 EP 685 DI 10.1175/2008JAS2815.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 426BB UT WOS:000264681300006 ER PT J AU Wang, NY Liu, CT Ferraro, R Wolff, D Zipser, E Kummerow, C AF Wang, Nai-Yu Liu, Chuntao Ferraro, Ralph Wolff, Dave Zipser, Ed Kummerow, Chris TI TRMM 2A12 Land Precipitation Product - Status and Future Plans SO JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article ID RAIN-PROFILING ALGORITHM; SENSOR MICROWAVE IMAGER; MEASURING MISSION TRMM; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS; GROUND VALIDATION; COMBINED RADAR; SATELLITE; ICE AB The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) 2A12 product consists of unique components configured for land and oceanic precipitation retrievals. This design was based on the vastly different physical characteristics of the retrieval, involving primarily emission over ocean and entirely scattering over land. This paper describes the current status of the TRMM Version 6 (V6) 2A12 product over land and envisioned improvements for TRMM TMI V7 and GPM GMI VI. On a global scale, the 2A12 land algorithm exhibits biases when compared with the TRMM 2A25 (Precipitation Radar (PR) based) and rain gauges. These range from 6 percent for GPCC to 20 percent for 2A25. Closer comparison also reveals regional and seasonal biases, with the largest positive biases found in warm-season convective zones and over semi-arid regions. Some negative biases are found in warm-rain precipitation regimes where scattering at 85 GHz is unable to detect a precipitation signal. On an instantaneous time scale, 2A12 land also produces a positive bias when compared with high-quality radar data from Melbourne, Florida, a TRMM ground validation site. The largest discrepancies occur for rain rates of less than 2 mm h(-1). A number of known "anomalies" are highlighted, including overestimation of rainfall in deep convective systems, underestimation in warm-rain regimes, and a number of features associated with the screening component of the algorithm (e.g., snow cover, deserts, etc.). Future improvements for TRMM TMI V7 are described and include the use of ancillary data to determine the underlying surface characteristics and the development of improved brightness-temperature to rain-rate relationships with a more robust data set of TMI and PR matchups, stratified by atmospheric parameters (i.e., surface temperature, atmospheric moisture, etc.) obtained from Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model fields. Finally, the promise of an improved land algorithm through the use of high-frequency microwave measurements is described. This will form the basis for the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Global Microwave Imager (GMI) VI algorithm. C1 [Wang, Nai-Yu] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Chuntao; Zipser, Ed] Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Ferraro, Ralph] NOAA NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA. [Wolff, Dave] NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Kummerow, Chris] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, NY (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM Nai-Yu.Wang@noaa.gov RI Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Wang, Nai-Yu/E-5303-2016; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015 OI Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; FU NASA; NOAA FX The authors would like to thank our colleagues on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Precipitation Measurement Missions' Science Team for their collaboration over the past several years. We are also grateful for the support we received from NASA (R. Kakar) and NOAA (G. Dittberner and C. Miller). In addition, we would like to thank the Climate Rainfall Data Center at Colorado State University for the use of the data provided in Figs. 2 and 3. This work was partially supported through a grant between NOAA and the University of Maryland/ Cooperative Institute for Climate Studies. NR 51 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 7 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA C/O JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100-0004, JAPAN SN 0026-1165 EI 2186-9057 J9 J METEOROL SOC JPN JI J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 87A SI SI BP 237 EP 253 DI 10.2151/jmsj.87A.237 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 467CK UT WOS:000267713900016 ER PT J AU Inoue, T Vila, D Rajendran, K Hamada, A Wu, XQ Machado, LAT AF Inoue, Toshiro Vila, Daniel Rajendran, Kavirajan Hamada, Atsushi Wu, Xiangqian Machado, Luiz A. T. TI Life Cycle of Deep Convective Systems over the Eastern Tropical Pacific Observed by TRMM and GOES-W SO JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article ID SPLIT-WINDOW MEASUREMENTS; WESTERN PACIFIC; CLOUD CLUSTERS; DIURNAL-VARIATION; WARM POOL; FEATURES; ASIA AB The life cycle of deep convective systems over the eastern tropical Pacific (30 degrees N to 30 degrees S, 180 to 90 degrees W) was studied in terms of cloud types, as classified by a split window (11 mu m and 12 mu m). Hourly split window image data of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-W) from January 2001 to December 2002 was used in this study. Deep convective systems consist mostly of optically thick cumulus type clouds in the earlier stage and a cirrus type cloud area that increases with time in the later stage. During this analysis period and over the analysis area, the life stage of deep convective system, to a large extent, can be identified by computing the percentage of cirrus type clouds within the deep convective system from a single snap shot of the split window image. Coincident Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) observations were used to study the relationship between the percentage of cirrus type clouds within a deep convective system (i.e., its life stage) and the rainfall rate. It was found that the rainfall rate tends to be larger in the earlier stage of the life cycle when a smaller percentage of cirrus type cloud is present within the deep convection. C1 [Inoue, Toshiro] Univ Tokyo, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Inoue, Toshiro] Meteorol Res Inst, JMA, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Vila, Daniel] Univ Maryland, CICS ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rajendran, Kavirajan] Natl Aerosp Labs, CSIR, Ctr Math Modeling & Comp Simulat, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [Hamada, Atsushi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Kyoto, Japan. [Wu, Xiangqian] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Machado, Luiz A. T.] INPE CPTEC, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil. RP Inoue, T (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Ctr Climate Syst Res, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Chiba 2778568, Japan. EM toshiro@ccsr.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Rajendran, Kavirajan/C-3334-2009; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; CMMACS, CSIR/A-2491-2011; Vila, Daniel/G-8379-2012; INOUE, Toshiro/C-9597-2014; Machado, Luiz/C-4314-2012 OI Rajendran, Kavirajan/0000-0002-9437-4729; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650; Vila, Daniel/0000-0002-1015-5650; Machado, Luiz/0000-0002-8243-1706 FU Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA); Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) FX This study was supported in part by the TRMM program of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and by the program of Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) under the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST). NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA C/O JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100-0004, JAPAN SN 0026-1165 EI 2186-9057 J9 J METEOROL SOC JPN JI J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 87A SI SI BP 381 EP 391 DI 10.2151/jmsj.87A.381 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 467CK UT WOS:000267713900025 ER PT J AU Honea, JM Gara, RI AF Honea, Jonathan M. Gara, Robert I. TI Macroinvertebrate community dynamics: strong negative response to salmon redd construction and weak response to salmon-derived nutrient uptake SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE marine-derived nutrients; disturbance; Oncorhynchus keta; stable isotopes; functional feeding groups; Pacific Northwest; Kennedy Creek ID STABLE-ISOTOPE RATIOS; EGG BURIAL DEPTHS; PACIFIC SALMON; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; SPAWNING SALMON; SMALL-STREAM; FRESH-WATER; BENTHIC COMMUNITY; MIXING MODELS; DISTURBANCE AB Densely spawning salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) affect macroinvertebrates negatively through redd construction and positively through nutrients released during spawning and carcass decomposition. We investigated the long-term characteristics of this interaction by measuring density, biomass, and C and N sources in benthic macroinvertebrates over 1 y. Total macroinvertebrate community biomass decreased during spawning and redd. construction. However, the percentage of macroinvertebrate biomass derived from salmon increased. The highest percentage (56%) and biomass (2.71 g/m(2)) of salmon-derived tissue in the macroinvertebrate community occurred 3 mo after spawning. Shredders accumulated the most salmon-derived biomass per individual; however, collector-filterers, scrapers, and predators accumulated the most salmon-derived biomass at the population level, a result that suggests multiple pathways of salmon nutrient acquisition. Salmon-derived macroinvertebrate biomass was never <22% of macroinvertebrate community biomass in the spawning reach, but 6 mo after spawning, no clear density or biomass difference,; were found between reaches with and without salmon. This pattern held true at all scales examined, from whole community to functional feeding group to individual taxa in prespawning samples from both years. These results suggest that increased macroinvertebrate production from the nutrient and energy subsidy from salmon was restricted to the recovery period following the disturbance of redd construction and might have been obscured by emergence and transfer to higher trophic levels. C1 [Honea, Jonathan M.; Gara, Robert I.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Honea, JM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jon.henea@noaa.gov; garar@u.washington.edu NR 64 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1 BP 207 EP 219 DI 10.1899/08-030.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 409BN UT WOS:000263481300018 ER PT J AU Jablonski, A Powell, CJ AF Jablonski, A. Powell, C. J. TI Practical expressions for the mean escape depth, the information depth, and the effective attenuation length in Auger-electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article DE Auger electron spectra; copper; hafnium compounds; silicon; silver; tungsten; X-ray photoelectron spectra; zirconium compounds ID DIOXIDE FILM THICKNESSES; FREE PATHS; SILICON DIOXIDE; SIGNAL PHOTOELECTRONS; CORRECTION FORMULA; ATOMIC POTENTIALS; SCATTERING; XPS; SOLIDS; AES AB The authors report new calculations of mean escape depths (MEDs), information depths (IDs), and effective attenuation lengths (EALs) for 16 photoelectron lines and 9 Auger-electron lines of five elemental solids (Si, Cu, Ag, W, and Au) and four inorganic compounds (ZrO(2), ZrSiO(4), HfO(2), and HfSiO(4)). These calculations were made to update similar previous calculations with improved data for the transport mean free path (TMFP) that are now available. Ratios of averages of the new MEDs, IDs, and EALs to the inelastic mean free path for electron emission angles between 0 degrees and 50 degrees varied linearly with the single-scattering albedo, a simple function of the inelastic mean free path and TMFP. The slopes of the linear relations depend only weakly on the atomic potential used in calculations of differential elastic-scattering cross sections (from which TMFPs are derived). The new linear relations are simple practical expressions for determining the MED, ID, and EAL for any solid in conventional Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. C1 [Jablonski, A.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. [Powell, C. J.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jablonski, A (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, Ul Kasprzaka 44-52, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. EM jablo@ichf.edu.pl; cedric.powell@nist.gov FU Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [N N204 0769 33] FX One of the authors (A.J.) wishes to acknowledge partial support by the grant of the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education No. N N204 0769 33. NR 38 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 9 U2 38 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD MAR PY 2009 VL 27 IS 2 BP 253 EP 261 DI 10.1116/1.3071947 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 416PH UT WOS:000264017500014 ER PT J AU Faradzhev, N Sidorkin, V AF Faradzhev, Nadir Sidorkin, Vadim TI Hydrogen mediated transport of Sn to Ru film surface SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article DE adsorption; grain boundaries; hydrogen; ion-surface impact; nucleation; oxidation; photoelectron spectra; ruthenium; scanning electron microscopy; thin films; tin; tin compounds; wetting ID ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION; ION-SCATTERING; OXIDE-FILMS; THIN-FILMS; ADSORPTION; RU(001); RUTHENIUM; DEPOSITION; CATALYSTS AB The authors report on the interaction of atomic hydrogen with Sn and thin Ru film at room temperature. The study is done using a combination of photoelectron and low energy ion scattering spectroscopies as well as scanning electron microscopy. The adsorption of hydrogen on a Sn surface leads to the formation of stannane (SnH(4)), which dissociatively adsorbs on the surface of polycrystalline Ru film. In the range of effective Sn coverages studied (up to 1 ML), the resulting overlayer consists of randomly distributed three-dimensional islands with average size below 40 nm occupying up to several percent of the surface area. Nucleation of Sn is observed presumably at defect sites (e.g., grain boundaries). Ion scattering data are found consistent with Volmer-Weber growth mode: no initial transition wetting layer formation is detected. Oxidation of Sn islands on a Ru surface at room temperature results in the formation of SnO. Neither metallic nor oxidation states of Sn higher than Sn(2+) are observed by photoelectron spectroscopy. C1 [Faradzhev, Nadir] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Sidorkin, Vadim] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Sci Appl, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. [Faradzhev, Nadir] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Faradzhev, N (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, 136 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM nadir.faradzhev@nist.gov NR 80 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD MAR PY 2009 VL 27 IS 2 BP 306 EP 314 DI 10.1116/1.3081968 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 416PH UT WOS:000264017500021 ER PT J AU Lombardo, FT Main, JA Simiu, E AF Lombardo, Franklin T. Main, Joseph A. Simiu, Emil TI Automated extraction and classification of thunderstorm and non-thunderstorm wind data for extreme-value analysis SO JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Extreme wind speeds; Thunderstorms; Wind climatology; Meteorological data; Statistics; Wind loads; Structural design ID PEAK-GUST MAP; SPEEDS; FILLIBEN,JAMES,J; WILCOX,ROSEANNE; SADEK,FAHIM; SIMIU,EMIL; SINGAPORE; CLIMATES; AREA AB Design wind loads are partly based on extreme value analyses of historical wind data, and limitations on the quantity and spatial resolution of wind data pose a significant challenge in such analyses. A promising source of recent wind speed and direction data is the automated surface observing system (ASOS), a network of about 1000 standardized US weather stations. To facilitate the use of ASOS data for structural engineering purposes, procedures and software are presented for (a) extraction of peak gust wind data and thunderstorm observations from archived ASOS reports, (b) classification of wind data as thunderstorm or non-thunderstorm to enable separate analyses, and (c) construction of data sets separated by specified minimum time intervals to ensure statistical independence. The procedures are illustrated using approximately 20-year datasets from three ASOS stations near New York City. it is shown that for these stations thunderstorm wind speeds dominate the extreme wind climate at long return periods. Also presented are estimates based on commingled data sets (i.e., sets containing, indiscriminately, both non-thunderstorm and thunderstorm wind speeds), which until now have been used almost exclusively for extreme wind speed estimates in the US. Analyses at additional stations will be needed to check whether these results are typical for locations with both thunderstorm and non-thunderstorm winds. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Main, Joseph A.; Simiu, Emil] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lombardo, Franklin T.] Texas Tech Univ, Wind Sci & Engn Res Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79414 USA. RP Main, JA (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.main@nist.gov NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6105 J9 J WIND ENG IND AEROD JI J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 97 IS 3-4 BP 120 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.jweia.2009.03.001 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 465YF UT WOS:000267625900002 ER PT J AU Perkins, TT AF Perkins, Thomas T. TI Optical traps for single molecule biophysics: a primer SO LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Single molecule; optical trap; optical tweezers; biophysics; DNA ID RNA-POLYMERASE MOLECULES; DNA-MOLECULES; KINESIN MOLECULES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INDIVIDUAL NUCLEOSOMES; TRANSCRIPT ELONGATION; MICROSCOPIC OBJECTS; BACKSCATTERED LIGHT; PICONEWTON FORCES; HIGH-RESOLUTION AB Optical trapping experiments of different complexities are making a significant impact in biology. This review seeks to highlight design choices for scientists entering the field or building new instruments and to discuss making calibrated measurements with optical traps. For specificity, this review focuses oil nucleic acid-based assays, but the discussion reflects the general experimental design considerations of developing a biological assay and an optical trap to measure it. C1 [Perkins, Thomas T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Perkins, TT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tperkins@jila.colorado.edu OI Perkins, Thomas/0000-0003-4826-9490 NR 121 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 32 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1863-8880 J9 LASER PHOTONICS REV JI Laser Photon. Rev. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 3 IS 1-2 BP 203 EP 220 DI 10.1002/lpor.200810014 PG 18 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA 422IL UT WOS:000264420800014 ER PT J AU Kariya, T Igarashi, M Wada, K Burkanov, VN Koyama, S Hoshino, H Oshida, T AF Kariya, Tatsuya Igarashi, Makoto Wada, Kazuo Burkanov, Vladimir N. Koyama, Satoshi Hoshino, Hiroshi Oshida, Tatsuo TI Lack of sequence variation of Y chromosome-linked loci in Steller's sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) from Iony Island and the Kuril Islands SO MAMMAL STUDY LA English DT Article ID CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES; ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION; GENE; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; FIDELITY; CHOICE; MALES C1 [Oshida, Tatsuo] Obihiro Univ Agr & Vet Med, Lab Wildlife Ecol, Obihiro, Hokkaido 0808555, Japan. [Kariya, Tatsuya; Igarashi, Makoto] Obihiro Univ Agr & Vet Med, Natl Res Ctr Protozoan Dis, Obihiro, Hokkaido 0808555, Japan. [Wada, Kazuo] Kyoto Univ, Primate Res Inst, Inuyama, Aichi 4848506, Japan. [Burkanov, Vladimir N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, AFSC, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Koyama, Satoshi] Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Fac Agr, Dept Vet Med, Fuchu, Tokyo 1838509, Japan. [Hoshino, Hiroshi] Hokkaido Univ, Div Marine Environm & Resources, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. RP Oshida, T (reprint author), Obihiro Univ Agr & Vet Med, Lab Wildlife Ecol, Obihiro, Hokkaido 0808555, Japan. EM oshidata@obihiro.ac.jp RI Koyama, Satoshi/C-8369-2013 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU MAMMALOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI KYOTO PA C/O NAKANISHI PRINTING CO, LTD, KAMIGYO-KU, KYOTO, 602-8048, JAPAN SN 1343-4152 EI 1348-6160 J9 MAMM STUDY JI Mamm. Study PD MAR PY 2009 VL 34 IS 1 BP 33 EP 36 DI 10.3106/041.034.0105 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 455WD UT WOS:000266797600005 ER PT J AU Jefferson, TA Hung, SK Wursig, B AF Jefferson, Thomas A. Hung, Samuel K. Wursig, Bernd TI Protecting small cetaceans from coastal development: Impact assessment and mitigation experience in Hong Kong SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE EIA; Dolphin; Porpoise; Management; Conservation; Infrastructure ID PACIFIC HUMPBACK DOLPHINS; TERRITORIAL WATERS; SOUSA-CHINENSIS; STRANDINGS; PORPOISES; NOISE; AIR AB Since the early 1990s, there has been an active program in Hong Kong to manage and protect local populations of small cetaceans from the effects of massive development in the area. This paper reviews the progress that has been made. Only two species regularly occur there: the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin and the finless porpoise. Because most development has occurred in the western waters of Hong Kong, where generally only the humpback dolphin occurs, most of the work has been conducted on that species. Development of large infrastructure projects (such as airports, bridges, expressways, power plants, fuel facilities, and container ports) in Hong Kong often results in land reclamation, dredging and dumping of spoils, pipe and cable laying, percussive and bored piling work, underwater blasting, large increases in vessel traffic, and other impacts. Several mitigation measures have been used with varying levels of success, including bubble curtains/jackets, exclusion zones, ramping up of piling hammers, acoustic decoupling of noisy equipment, vessel speed limits, no-dumping policies, and silt curtains. Baseline, construction-phase, and operational-phase cetacean monitoring is often conducted to evaluate the success of conservation measures put into place. The Environmental Impact Assessment process in Hong Kong has involved cetaceans to a degree perhaps higher than anywhere else in the world, and much can be learned from studying the successes and failures of this situation. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jefferson, Thomas A.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Hung, Samuel K.] Hong Kong Dolphin Conservat Soc, Bay, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Wursig, Bernd] Texas A&M Univ, Marine Mammal Res Program, Galveston, TX USA. RP Jefferson, TA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM sclymene@aol.com NR 45 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 33 IS 2 BP 305 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2008.07.011 PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 391PH UT WOS:000262244700016 ER PT J AU Crout, RL AF Crout, Richard L. TI Oil and Gas Platform Ocean Current Profile Data from the Northern Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Loop Current; Loop Eddies; Oil and Gas Platforms; National Data Buoy Center; Northern Gulf of Mexico AB Approximately 40 deep water oil production platforms and drilling rigs continue to provide real-time current profile data to NOAA's National Data Buoy Center (NDBC). The NDBC receives and quality controls the data and transmits it over the Global Telecommunications System. The NDBC stores the raw binary current profile data where it can be extracted in order to forecast the Loop Current and Loop Eddies for oil and transportation concerns in the Gulf of Mexico and to investigate the oceanography of the northern Gulf of Mexico. After quality control, the NDBC also stores the processed data. In addition to aiding the oil and gas industry to understand and design for the forces in the water column generated by strong currents in the Gulf of Mexico, the three years of ocean profile data show a number of oceanographic phenomena. This paper presents an examination of the Loop Current and associated eddies based on the oil and gas industry data. The high currents of the Loop Current that extend to several hundred meters depth are present and generally impact oil platforms as it moves into the northern Gulf of Mexico. Loop Eddies exhibit many of the same characteristics as the Loop Current, then move into the western Gulf of Mexico to impact oil platforms there before currents diminish. Cyclonic eddies formed from interactions between the Loop Current and topographic or land features are also present. Five-day plots of the current profiles show the passage of eddies. Wind-driven inertial currents propagate throughout the water column in all regions of the Gulf. The current profiles from delayed-mode, bottom-mounted profilers show that hurricane-generated near-inertial currents reach great depths. C1 NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Crout, RL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 43 IS 2 BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 459WO UT WOS:000267143600003 ER PT J AU Keener-Chavis, P Hotaling, L Haynes, S AF Keener-Chavis, Paula Hotaling, Liesl Haynes, Susan TI The NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer: Continuing to Unfold the President's Panel on Ocean Exploration Recommendation for Ocean Literacy SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Okeanos Explorer; Ocean Science Literacy AB The NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer, commissioned as the first federal vessel dedicated solely to ocean exploration, will offer unparalleled opportunities to the scientific and education communities for "reaching out in new ways to stake-holders to improve the literacy of learners of all ages with respect to ocean issues" (The President's Panel on Ocean Exploration, 2000) and for enhancing awareness of Ocean Literacy Essential Principle #7 - "The ocean is little explored." Using a systematically mission-driven exploration protocol and advanced technological instrumentation and systems to explore little-known or unknown regions of the ocean, the ship will employ an integrated telepresence system that will provide broadband satellite transmission of data and discoveries in real time for science, education, and outreach. This paper describes the capabilities and assets of the ship, begins to address some of the opportunities that the ship will offer for "learning in new ways," describes the Okeanos Explorer Education Forum held in the summer of 2008, and addresses some of the issues that will be taken into consideration in using real-time data in a variety of learning environments as the education program for the ship unfolds. C1 [Keener-Chavis, Paula; Haynes, Susan] NOAA, Ocean Explorat & Res Program, Washington, DC USA. [Hotaling, Liesl] Beacon Inst Rivers & Estuaries, Beacon, NY USA. RP Keener-Chavis, P (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Explorat & Res Program, Washington, DC USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 43 IS 2 BP 73 EP 80 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 459WO UT WOS:000267143600008 ER PT J AU Antonucci, JM Giuseppetti, AA O'Donnell, JNR Schumacher, GE Skrtic, D AF Antonucci, Joseph M. Giuseppetti, Anthony A. O'Donnell, Justin N. R. Schumacher, Gary E. Skrtic, Drago TI Polymerization Stress Development in Dental Composites: Effect of Cavity Design Factor SO MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Amorphous calcium phosphate; cavity design factor; composite; resin; polymerization stress; tensometry AB The objective of the study was to assess the effect of the cavity design factor (C-factor) on polymerization stress development (PSD) in resin composites. An experimental resin (BT resin) was prepared, which contained 2,2-bis[p-(2'-hydroxy-3'-methacryloxypropoxy) phenylene]propane (B) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (T) in 1:1 mass ratio, and an activator for visible light polymerization. An experimental composite with demonstrated remineralizing potential was also formulated by inclusion into the BT resin of zirconia-hybridized amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) filler at a mass fraction of 40 % (BT/ACP composite). A commercial glass-filled composite (TPH) was used as a control. To assess the effect of the test geometry on PSD, C-factor was systematically varied between 0.8 and 6.0 by varying the height of the cylindrical composite specimens. The measured PSD values obtained by cantilever beam tensometry for specimens with variable C-factors were normalized for mass to specimens with a C-factor of 1.33 (h=2.25 mm) as controls to give calculated PSD values. Degrees of vinyl conversions (DC) attained in the TPH control and in the experimental BT/ACP composites were measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. In both the TPH and BT/ACP composite series, PSD(calc) increased with the increasing C-factor, confirming the hypothesis that the C-factor value influences PSD values. The higher PSD(meas) and PSD(calc) values for the experimental BT/ACP composite compared to the commercial TPH composite probably reflect differences in the type and mass of the resin and filler phases in the two types of composite. These differences also account for the observed variation (21 %) in DC attained in a BT/ACP composite 2 h after cure (69.5 %) and in the DC of the TPH composite (57.5 %) having the same C-factor. The cavity design factor seems to play a key role in influencing the PSD of bonded composites, but other factors such as composite mass and composition also must be considered for their effects on PSD. C1 [Giuseppetti, Anthony A.; O'Donnell, Justin N. R.; Schumacher, Gary E.; Skrtic, Drago] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Antonucci, Joseph M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Skrtic, D (reprint author), Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joe.antonucci@nist.gov; tony.giuseppetti@nist.gov; justin.odonnell@nist.gov; gary.schumacher@nist.gov; drago.skrtic@nist.gov FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)/National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [YI-DE-7005-01]; ADAF; NIST; [DE 13169] FX Reported work was supported by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)/National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Interagency Agreement YI-DE-7005-01 and a grant DE 13169 to the American Dental Association Foundation (ADAF). It is a part of the dental research program conducted by NIST in cooperation with ADAF and was also supported by both NIST and ADAF. Generous contribution of the monomers utilized in this study from Esstech, Essington, PA, USA is gratefully acknowledged. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1944 J9 MATERIALS JI Materials PD MAR PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP 169 EP 180 DI 10.3390/ma2010169 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA V20KS UT WOS:000208139500010 PM 26413236 ER PT J AU Vassilakos, D Natoli, A Dahlheim, M Hoelzel, AR AF Vassilakos, Demetrios Natoli, Ada Dahlheim, Marilyn Hoelzel, A. Rus TI Balancing and Directional Selection at Exon-2 of the MHC DQB1 Locus among Populations of Odontocete Cetaceans SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE evolution; population genetics; marine mammal; MHC; immune system ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; CANINE-DISTEMPER VIRUS; BOTTLE-NOSED-DOLPHIN; WHALES ORCINUS-ORCA; TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; T-CELL CLONE; GENETIC-VARIATION; KILLER WHALE; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI AB The diversity of exon-2 (peptide-binding region) of the DQB1 locus (Class II, major histocompatibility complex, MHC) was investigated on an extended sample of populations of three focal cetacean species (two sibling delphinid species and another in the same family). We tested the hypothesis that dolphin populations with a worldwide distribution across different habitats and geographic regions will be under differential selective pressure by comparing DQB1 variation with variation at neutral markers and by investigating putative functional residues within the exon-2 sequence at the population level. Variation at the DQB1 locus was not correlated to neutral differentiation (assessed by comparison with microsatellite DNA markers), and overall F(ST) values were significantly lower for the MHC locus, consistent with expectations for balancing selection. Measures of heterozygosity and d(n)/d(s) ratios were also consistent with balancing selection. However, outliers in the F(ST) comparisons and the analysis of putative functional residues suggested incidences of directional selection in local populations. C1 [Vassilakos, Demetrios; Natoli, Ada; Hoelzel, A. Rus] Univ Durham, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham DH1 3HP, England. [Dahlheim, Marilyn] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Vassilakos, D (reprint author), Univ Durham, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham DH1 3HP, England. EM a.r.hoelzel@dur.ac.uk FU US National Marine Fisheries Service and Ocean Futures FX We thank Elena Politi, Giovanni Bearzi, Caterina Fortuna, Letizia Marsili, Michela Podesta, Giusy Buscaino, Bob Reid, Robert Deaville, Charlie Potter, Jim Mead, and the Natal Sharks Board for Tursiops samples. We thank David Bain, Ken Balcomb, Mike Bigg, Andy Dizon, Nancy Black, Dave Ellifrit, Mike Ford, Jeff Foster, Rich Osborne, Jen Schorr, Johann Sigurjonsson, Jon Stern, Greg Stone, Jim Thomason, Porter Turnbull, Miami Seaquarium, the New England Aquarium, Sea World USA, the Vancouver Aquarium, and Windsor Seafari Park for providing killer whale samples. We thank the US National Marine Fisheries Service and Ocean Futures for funding. We thank Colin Nicholson, Courtney Nichols, Stefania Gaspari for assistance in the laboratory, and Marina Kolokonte for her support. NR 85 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 26 IS 3 BP 681 EP 689 DI 10.1093/molbev/msn296 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 408FM UT WOS:000263420900019 PM 19126865 ER PT J AU Wilson, AB AF Wilson, Anthony B. TI Fecundity selection predicts Bergmann's rule in syngnathid fishes SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genetic mating system; life-history optimization; male pregnancy; polygyny; sexual selection ID ROLE REVERSED PIPEFISH; POTENTIAL REPRODUCTIVE RATES; SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; HIPPOCAMPUS-ABDOMINALIS; GENETIC BENEFITS; DEVELOPMENT TIME; BODY-SIZE; SEAHORSES; EVOLUTION; TEMPERATURE AB The study of latitudinal increases in organismal body size (Bergmann's rule) predates even Darwin's evolutionary theory. While research has long concentrated on identifying general evolutionary explanations for this phenomenon, recent work suggests that different factors operating on local evolutionary timescales may be the cause of this widespread trend. Bergmann's rule explains body size variation in a diversity of warm-blooded organisms and there is increasing evidence that Bergmann's rule is also widespread in ectotherms. Bergmann's rule acts differentially in species of the Syngnathidae, a family of teleost fishes noted for extreme adaptations for male parental care. While variation in body size of polygamous Syngnathus pipefish is consistent with Bergmann's rule, body size is uncorrelated with latitude in monogamous Hippocampus seahorses. A study of populations of Syngnathus leptorhynchus along a natural latitudinal and thermal gradient indicates that increases in body size with latitude maintain the potential reproductive rate of males despite significant decreases in ambient temperatures. Polygyny is necessary in order to maximize male reproductive success in S. leptorhynchus, suggesting a possible a link between fecundity selection and Bergmann's rule in this species. C1 [Wilson, Anthony B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Genet & Evolut Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Wilson, Anthony B.] Univ Zurich, Zool Museum, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Wilson, AB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Genet & Evolut Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM tony.wilson@zm.uzh.ch RI Wilson, Anthony/D-2907-2011 FU National Research Council Research Associateship; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Swiss National Science Foundation; University of Zurich FX Many thanks to S. Johnston, A. Kagley, T. Lundrigan, K. Musolf, J. Rhydderch and H.J. Walker for assistance with collections and to B. Nietlispach and A. Roellin for statistical feedback. Special thanks to I. Ahnesjo, W. Blanckenhorn, L. Bussiere and M. Ford for constructive discussions on the manuscript and to R. Freckleton for feedback on the implementation of PGLS models in r. This work was funded by a National Research Council Research Associateship to A.B.W. and supported with funding from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, the Swiss National Science Foundation and the University of Zurich. NR 49 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1263 EP 1272 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04084.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 414HD UT WOS:000263853600020 PM 19226323 ER PT J AU Morin, PA Leduc, RG Archer, FI Martien, KK Huebinger, R Bickham, JW Taylor, BL AF Morin, Phillip A. Leduc, Richard G. Archer, Frederick I. Martien, Karen K. Huebinger, Ryan Bickham, John W. Taylor, Barbara L. TI Significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium caused by low levels of microsatellite genotyping errors SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE bowhead whales; error rates; Hardy-Weinberg; microsatellite; population structure ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; DNA; INFERENCE; GENETICS; SAMPLES; RATES; LOCI AB Microsatellite genotyping from samples with varying quality can result in an uneven distribution of errors. Previous studies reporting error rates have focused on estimating the effects of both randomly distributed and locus-specific errors. Sample-specific errors, however, can also significantly affect results in population studies despite a large sample size. From two studies including six microsatellite markers genotyped from 272 sperm whale DNA samples, and 33 microsatellites genotyped from 213 bowhead whales, we investigated the effects of sample- and locus-specific errors on calculations of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The results of a jackknife analysis in these two studies identified seven individuals that were highly influential on estimates of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for six different markers. In each case, the influential individual was homozygous for a rare allele. Our results demonstrate that Hardy-Weinberg P values are very sensitive to homozygosity in rare alleles for single individuals, and that > 50% of these cases involved genotype errors likely due to low sample quality. This raises the possibility that even small, normal levels of laboratory errors can result in an overestimate of the degree to which markers are out of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and hence overestimate population structure. To avoid such bias, we recommend routine identification of influential individuals and multiple replications of those samples. C1 [Morin, Phillip A.; Leduc, Richard G.; Archer, Frederick I.; Martien, Karen K.; Taylor, Barbara L.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Huebinger, Ryan; Bickham, John W.] Purdue Univ, Ctr Environm, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Morin, PA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3333 N,Torrey Pines Ct, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM phillip.morin@noaa.gov FU The North Slope Borough; National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration; Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission FX We are grateful to Geof Givens, Robert Suydam, Craig George, Nick Kellar, Tomo Eguchi, Lisette Waits, Kim Parsons, and four anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions on the manuscript. The North Slope Borough, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, and the Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission provided funding for this study. We thank the whaling captains, their crew, and the Eskimo villages that provided invaluable samples for this study. NR 28 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 9 IS 2 BP 498 EP 504 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02502.x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 406ZJ UT WOS:000263333100007 PM 21564679 ER PT J AU Han, M Braun, SA Persson, POG Bao, JW AF Han, Mei Braun, Scott A. Persson, P. Ola G. Bao, Jian-Wen TI Alongfront Variability of Precipitation Associated with a Midlatitude Frontal Zone: TRMM Observations and MM5 Simulation SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MOIST SYMMETRIC STABILITY; PART I; LIGHTNING CHARACTERISTICS; EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONES; MESOSCALE RAINBANDS; HURRICANE EYEWALLS; WINTER CYCLONES; ICE SCATTERING; UNITED-STATES; CLOUD MODEL AB On 19 February 2001, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite observed complex alongfront variability in the precipitation structure of an intense cold-frontal rainband. The TRMM Microwave Imager brightness temperatures suggested that, compared to the northern and southern ends of the rainband, a greater amount of precipitation ice was concentrated in the middle portion of the rainband where the front bowed out. A model simulation conducted using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU-NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) is examined to explain the distribution of precipitation associated with the cold-frontal rainband. The simulation reveals that the enhanced precipitation ice production and the implied mean ascent along the central part of the front were associated with a synergistic interaction between a low-level front and an upper-level front associated with an intrusion of high-PV stratospheric air. The low-level front contributed to an intense bow-shaped narrow cold-frontal rainband (NCFR). The upper-level front was dynamically active only along the central to northern portion of the NCFR, where the upper-level PV advection and Q-vector convergence were most prominent. The enhanced mean ascent associated with the upper-level front contributed to a wide cold-frontal rainband (WCFR) that trailed or overlapped with the NCFR along its central to northern segments. Because of the combination of the forcing from both lower- and upper-level fronts, the ascent was deepest and most intense along the central portion of the front. Thus, a large concentration of precipitation ice, attributed to both the NCFR and WCFR, was produced. C1 [Han, Mei; Braun, Scott A.] NASA, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Branch, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Han, Mei] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Persson, P. Ola G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Persson, P. Ola G.; Bao, Jian-Wen] NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Han, M (reprint author), NASA, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Branch, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM mei.han-1@nasa.gov RI Han, Mei/H-2344-2012 FU NASA Headquarters FX The authors gratefully thank two anonymous reviewers and the editor, Dr. James D. Doyle, for their valuable comments, which led to significant improvements of the paper. This work was supported by Dr. Ramesh Kakar at NASA Headquarters with funds from the NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission science program. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 137 IS 3 BP 1008 EP 1028 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2465.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 435TS UT WOS:000265366800013 ER PT J AU Kleist, DT Parrish, DF Derber, JC Treadon, R Errico, RM Yang, RH AF Kleist, Daryl T. Parrish, David F. Derber, John C. Treadon, Russ Errico, Ronald M. Yang, Runhua TI Improving Incremental Balance in the GSI 3DVAR Analysis System SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NORMAL MODE INITIALIZATION; DATA-ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; WEAK CONSTRAINT; DIGITAL-FILTER; INTERPOLATION; ADJOINT; IMPACT; 4DVAR AB The gridpoint statistical interpolation (GSI) analysis system is a unified global/regional three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) analysis code that has been under development for several years at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/Environmental Modeling Center. It has recently been implemented into operations at NCEP in both the global and North American data assimilation systems (GDAS and NDAS, respectively). An important aspect of this development has been improving the balance of the analysis produced by GSI. The improved balance between variables has been achieved through the inclusion of a tangent-linear normal-mode constraint (TLNMC). The TLNMC method has proven to be very robust and effective. The TLNMC as part of the global GSI system has resulted in substantial improvement in data assimilation at NCEP. RP Kleist, DT (reprint author), NOAA, Sci Ctr 207, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM daryl.kleist@noaa.gov RI Kleist, Daryl /C-7771-2016 NR 28 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 137 IS 3 BP 1046 EP 1060 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2623.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 435TS UT WOS:000265366800015 ER PT J AU Ackerman, AS Vanzanten, MC Stevens, B Savic-Jovcic, V Bretherton, CS Chlond, A Golaz, JC Jiang, HL Khairoutdinov, M Krueger, SK Lewellen, DC Lock, A Moeng, CH Nakamura, K Petters, MD Snider, JR Weinbrecht, S Zulauf, M AF Ackerman, Andrew S. vanZanten, Margreet C. Stevens, Bjorn Savic-Jovcic, Verica Bretherton, Christopher S. Chlond, Andreas Golaz, Jean-Christophe Jiang, Hongli Khairoutdinov, Marat Krueger, Steven K. Lewellen, David C. Lock, Adrian Moeng, Chin-Hoh Nakamura, Kozo Petters, Markus D. Snider, Jefferson R. Weinbrecht, Sonja Zulauf, Mike TI Large-Eddy Simulations of a Drizzling, Stratocumulus-Topped Marine Boundary Layer SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ICE-PHASE MICROPHYSICS; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; SHIP TRACKS; STOCHASTIC BACKSCATTER; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; MODEL DESCRIPTION; PART I; PARAMETERIZATION; ENTRAINMENT AB Cloud water sedimentation and drizzle in a stratocumulus-topped boundary layer are the focus of an intercomparison of large-eddy simulations. The context is an idealized case study of nocturnal stratocumulus under a dry inversion, with embedded pockets of heavily drizzling open cellular convection. Results from 11 groups are used. Two models resolve the size distributions of cloud particles, and the others parameterize cloud water sedimentation and drizzle. For the ensemble of simulations with drizzle and cloud water sedimentation, the mean liquid water path (LWP) is remarkably steady and consistent with the measurements, the mean entrainment rate is at the low end of the measured range, and the ensemble-average maximum vertical wind variance is roughly half that measured. On average, precipitation at the surface and at cloud base is smaller, and the rate of precipitation evaporation greater, than measured. Including drizzle in the simulations reduces convective intensity, increases boundary layer stratification, and decreases LWP for nearly all models. Including cloud water sedimentation substantially decreases entrainment, decreases convective intensity, and increases LWP for most models. In nearly all cases, LWP responds more strongly to cloud water sedimentation than to drizzle. The omission of cloud water sedimentation in simulations is strongly discouraged, regardless of whether or not precipitation is present below cloud base. C1 [Ackerman, Andrew S.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [vanZanten, Margreet C.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Stevens, Bjorn; Savic-Jovcic, Verica] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Bretherton, Christopher S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Chlond, Andreas] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Golaz, Jean-Christophe] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, UCAR Visiting Scientist Program, Princeton, NJ USA. [Jiang, Hongli] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Khairoutdinov, Marat] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Krueger, Steven K.; Zulauf, Mike] Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Lewellen, David C.] W Virginia Univ, MAE Dept, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Lock, Adrian] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Moeng, Chin-Hoh] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Nakamura, Kozo] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Yokohama, Japan. [Petters, Markus D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Snider, Jefferson R.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Weinbrecht, Sonja] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. RP Ackerman, AS (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM andrew.ackerman@nasa.gov RI Petters, Markus/D-2144-2009; Ackerman, Andrew/D-4433-2012; Stevens, Bjorn/A-1757-2013; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014; Jiang, Hongli/N-3281-2014; Snider, Jefferson/F-9175-2016 OI Petters, Markus/0000-0002-4082-1693; Ackerman, Andrew/0000-0003-0254-6253; Stevens, Bjorn/0000-0003-3795-0475; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435; Snider, Jefferson/0000-0002-9318-1343 NR 75 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 137 IS 3 BP 1083 EP 1110 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2582.1 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 435TS UT WOS:000265366800017 ER PT J AU Wen, M Yang, S Kumar, A Zhang, PQ AF Wen, Min Yang, Song Kumar, Arun Zhang, Peiqun TI An Analysis of the Large-Scale Climate Anomalies Associated with the Snowstorms Affecting China in January 2008 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ASIAN WINTER MONSOON; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; EAST-ASIA; ARCTIC-OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; SUMMER MONSOON; COLD SURGE; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION AB Extraordinarily frequent and long-lasting snowstorms affected China in January 2008, causing above-normal precipitation, below-normal temperature, and severe icing conditions over central-southern China. These snowstorms were closely linked to the change in the Middle East jet stream (MEJS), which intensified and shifted southeastward. The change in MEJS was accompanied by southeastward shifts of the ridge and the trough over Europe and western Asia. The intensified MEJS also strengthened the trough embedded in the southern branch of the subtropical westerlies over the southern Tibetan Plateau, enhancing the water vapor transport from western Asia and the Bay of Bengal to China. In the meantime, the subtropical western Pacific high (SWPH) was stronger and its ridgeline was farther north than normal. The anomalous high slowed down the eastward propagation of weather systems to the Pacific and favored convergence of water vapor over central-southern China. The MEJS is usually strong when the Arctic Oscillation (AO) is positive and the SWPH is farther north than normal in La Nina winters. Compared to the SWPH and the Nino-3.4 sea surface temperature (SST), the MEJS and the AO exert stronger influences on the temperature and the precipitation over central-southern China, despite the fact that these possible impacting factors are not completely independent from each other. Although the La Nina event might contribute to the climate anomalies through its relation with the SWPH in January 2008, an analysis of historical events indicates that La Nina conditions alone can hardly cause severe and persistent snow conditions over central-southern China. In addition, compared to the Nino-3.4 SST and the SWPH, the conditions of December MEJS and AO exhibit stronger precursory signals of the variability of January temperature over central-southern China. C1 [Yang, Song; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Wen, Min] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Peiqun] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Yang, S (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 605, Camp Springs, MD USA. EM song.yang@noaa.gov RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009 FU China's National Key Program for Developing Basic Sciences [2004CB418302]; Independent Research Project of LaSW [2008LASWZI04]; NOAA-China Meteorological Administration FX The authors thank Prof. Huibang Luo of the Zhongshan University, China, for his useful suggestion on Fig. 17 and Philip Pegion of NOAA's Climate Prediction Center for his improvement of the readability of the manuscript. The comments by four anonymous reviewers improved the overall quality of the paper. This study was supported by China's National Key Program for Developing Basic Sciences under Grant 2004CB418302, the Independent Research Project of LaSW (2008LASWZI04), and the NOAA-China Meteorological Administration bilateral program. NR 35 TC 76 Z9 103 U1 7 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 137 IS 3 BP 1111 EP 1131 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2638.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 435TS UT WOS:000265366800018 ER PT J AU Schwartz, LH AF Schwartz, Lyle H. TI Faculty Versus Student Turnover Rate Left Out of Gender Equity Analysis SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Letter C1 [Schwartz, Lyle H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schwartz, Lyle H.] Northwestern Univ, Mat Res Ctr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 34 IS 3 BP 150 EP 150 DI 10.1557/mrs2009.39 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 420YM UT WOS:000264325100002 ER PT J AU Felthoven, RG Paul, CJM Torres, M AF Felthoven, Ronald G. Paul, Catherine J. Morrison Torres, Marcelo TI MEASURING PRODUCTIVITY AND ITS COMPONENTS FOR FISHERIES: THE CASE OF THE ALASKAN POLLOCK FISHERY, 1994-2003 SO NATURAL RESOURCE MODELING LA English DT Article DE Fisheries productivity; regulatory impacts; bycatch; climate; primal production model ID CAPACITY UTILIZATION; EXCESS CAPACITY; TRAWL FISHERY; INDUSTRIES; RESOURCE AB Traditional productivity measures have been much less prevalent in fisheries economics than other measures of economic and biological performance. It has been increasingly recognized, however, that modeling and measuring fisheries' production relationships is central to understanding and ultimately correcting the repercussions of externalities and poorly designed regulations. We use a transformation function production model to estimate productivity and its components for catcher-processors in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands pollock fishery, before and after the introduction of a cooperative system that grants exclusive harvesting privileges and allows quota exchange. We also recognize the roles of externalities from pollock harvesting by incorporating data on climate, bycatch, and fish biomass. We find that productivity has been increasing over time, that many productive contributions and interactions of climate, bycatch, and fishing strategies are statistically significant, and that regulatory changes have had both direct and indirect impacts on catch patterns and productivity. C1 [Felthoven, Ronald G.] US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Paul, Catherine J. Morrison; Torres, Marcelo] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Paul, Catherine J. Morrison] Univ Calif Davis, Giannini Fdn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Felthoven, RG (reprint author), US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM ron.felthoven@noaa.gov; cjmpaul@primal.ucdavis.edu; torres@primal.ucdavis.edu FU National Marine Fisheries Service FX The authors thank the National Marine Fisheries Service for support and access to the data. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0890-8575 J9 NAT RESOUR MODEL JI Nat. Resour. Model. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 22 IS 1 BP 105 EP 136 DI 10.1111/j.1939-7445.2008.00031.x PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 400WX UT WOS:000262901200006 ER PT J AU Flagg, EB Muller, A Robertson, JW Founta, S Deppe, DG Xiao, M Ma, W Salamo, GJ Shih, CK AF Flagg, E. B. Muller, A. Robertson, J. W. Founta, S. Deppe, D. G. Xiao, M. Ma, W. Salamo, G. J. Shih, C. K. TI Resonantly driven coherent oscillations in a solid-state quantum emitter SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; DOT; FLUORESCENCE; PHOTONS; MICROCAVITY; MOLECULE; DEVICE AB Single-quantum emitters emit only one photon at a time(1,2), but the properties of the photon depend on how the emitter is excited(3). Incoherent excitation is simple and broadly used with solid-state emitters such as quantum dots, but does not allow direct manipulation of the quantum state. Coherent, resonant excitation on the other hand is used in pump-probe techniques to examine the quantum state of the emitter(4), but does not permit collection of the single-photon emission. Coherent control with simultaneous generation of photons has been an elusive goal in solid-state approaches, where, because of strong laser scattering at the detection wavelength, measurement of resonant emission has been limited to cross-polarized detection(5) or Stokes-shift techniques(6,7). Here we demonstrate that a semiconductor quantum dot in a microcavity can be resonantly driven and its single-photon emission extracted background free. Under strong continuous-wave excitation, the dot undergoes several Rabi oscillations before emitting, which are visible as oscillations in the second-order correlation function. The quantum-dot states are therefore 'dressed', resulting in a Mollow-triplet emission spectrum. Such coherent control will be necessary for future high-efficiency sources of indistinguishable single photons(3,8), which can be used for quantum key distribution(9) or through post-selection(10) to generate entangled photon pairs(11,12). C1 [Flagg, E. B.; Robertson, J. W.; Founta, S.; Shih, C. K.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Muller, A.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Muller, A.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Deppe, D. G.] Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon CREOL, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Xiao, M.; Ma, W.; Salamo, G. J.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Flagg, EB (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM ebflagg@physics.utexas.edu; shih@physics.utexas.edu RI Xiao, Min/F-6184-2013; Flagg, Edward/G-2897-2013 OI Flagg, Edward/0000-0002-8065-4092 FU National Science Foundation NSF-FRG [DMR-0606485]; NSF-IGERT [DGE-0549417]; Texas Advanced Research Program FX We gratefully acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation NSF-FRG grant number DMR-0606485, NSF-IGERT grant number DGE-0549417 and the Texas Advanced Research Program, and thank W. Yao for fruitful discussions. NR 30 TC 183 Z9 185 U1 9 U2 57 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 5 IS 3 BP 203 EP 207 DI 10.1038/NPHYS1184 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 422RY UT WOS:000264446600015 ER PT J AU Poulter, B Feldman, RL Brinson, MM Horton, BP Orbach, MK Pearsall, SH Reyes, E Riggs, SR Whitehead, JC AF Poulter, Benjamin Feldman, Rebecca L. Brinson, Mark M. Horton, Benjamin P. Orbach, Michael K. Pearsall, Samuel H. Reyes, Enrique Riggs, Stanley R. Whitehead, John C. TI Sea-level rise research and dialogue in North Carolina: Creating windows for policy change SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE; SCENARIOS; ACCRETION; RESPONSES; ATLANTIC; WETLANDS; ESTUARY; STATES; MODEL AB Coastal areas are among the world's most vulnerable landscapes to impacts related to climate change, including inundation from sea-level rise (SLR), increased exposure to shoreline erosion, and greater frequency and intensity of storms. The status of research on the physical, ecological, and socio-economic effects of vulnerability to SLR and progress toward planning for its consequences varies from region to region worldwide. Here, we synthesize the results of three decades of SLR research and the development of coastal management policies in North Carolina, USA. We identify the major factors responsible for opening new policy 'windows' that address SLR, including how stakeholders have developed an increased understanding of the risks, the extent of public dialogue about potential response strategies, and advances in political receptivity to policy change. Research and policy progress in North Carolina continue to provide a model for other regions to help guide and evaluate the development of coastal policies. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Poulter, Benjamin] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany. [Feldman, Rebecca L.; Orbach, Michael K.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Beaufort, NC USA. [Feldman, Rebecca L.] Dean John A Knauss Marine Policy Fellowship Progr, NOAA Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Brinson, Mark M.; Horton, Benjamin P.; Reyes, Enrique; Riggs, Stanley R.] E Carolina Univ, Coastal Resources Management Program, Greenville, NC USA. [Brinson, Mark M.; Reyes, Enrique; Riggs, Stanley R.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC USA. [Brinson, Mark M.; Reyes, Enrique; Riggs, Stanley R.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Greenville, NC USA. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Pearsall, Samuel H.] Nature Conservancy, N Carolina Chapter, Durham, NC USA. [Whitehead, John C.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Econ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. RP Poulter, B (reprint author), Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, Telegrafenberg A62, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany. EM ben.poulter@pik-potsdam.de OI Poulter, Benjamin/0000-0002-9493-8600 FU North Carolina Sea Grant Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NGT5-30472]; Environmental Protection Agency; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; United States Geological Survey FX We would like to acknowledge financial support from the North Carolina Sea Grant Program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NGT5-30472), the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the United States Geological Survey. NR 55 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 52 IS 3-4 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2008.09.010 PG 7 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA 423YV UT WOS:000264533600001 ER PT J AU Viehman, S Thur, SM Piniak, GA AF Viehman, Shay Thur, Steven M. Piniak, Gregory A. TI Coral reef metrics and habitat equivalency analysis SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SIZE-FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS; RESOURCE DAMAGE ASSESSMENTS; NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY; REPLACEMENT COST METHOD; US VIRGIN-ISLANDS; FLORIDA-KEYS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; BENTHIC COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; PARTIAL MORTALITY AB When coral reefs held in United States public trust are injured by incidents such as vessel groundings or oil spills, a natural resource damage assessment (NRDA) process may be conducted to quantify the resource service loss. Coral cover has been used as an indicator metric to represent lost services in habitat equivalency analyses for determination of compensatory restoration. Depending on the injury and habitat, however, lost services may be more comprehensively represented by alternative approaches such as composite metrics which incorporate other coral reef community characteristics, or a resource-scale approach utilizing size-frequency distributions of injured organisms. We describe the evolving state of practice for capturing coral reef ecosystem services within the natural resources damage assessment context, explore applications and limitations of current metrics, and suggest future directions that may increase the likelihood that NRDA metrics more fully address ecosystem services affected by an injury. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Viehman, Shay; Piniak, Gregory A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Thur, Steven M.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Off Ocean & Coastal Resources Management, Coral Reef Conservat Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Viehman, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Island Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM shay.viehman@noaa.gov RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 FU NOAA's Office of Response; Restoration during manuscript development FX We thank K. Barry, C. Beaver, CJ. Beegle-Krause, J. Cubit, S. Donahue, B. Goodwin, M. Fonseca, W. Jaap, J. Schittone, and S. Shutler for helpful discussion during a 2005 working group. Thanks to T. Penn, K. Pease, J. Schittone, and especially to Mark Fonseca for extensive comments which have improved the manuscript. S.T. was supported by NOAA's Office of Response and Restoration during manuscript development. The opinions are those of the authors, who are solely responsible for the content. NR 81 TC 5 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 52 IS 3-4 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2008.12.004 PG 8 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA 423YV UT WOS:000264533600005 ER PT J AU Churnside, J Ostrovsky, L Veenstra, T AF Churnside, James Ostrovsky, Lev Veenstra, Tim TI THERMAL FOOTPRINTS OF WHALES SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article C1 [Churnside, James] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Ostrovsky, Lev] Zel Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Veenstra, Tim] Airborne Technol Inc, Wasilla, AK USA. RP Churnside, J (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM James.H.Churnside@noaa.gov RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Ostrovsky, Lev/0000-0003-2233-1305 FU NOAA NMFS Steller Sea Lion Research Initiative; Exxon Valdez Trustee Council FX Thanks to Peter Duley of the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service for providing Figure 1. Wayne Cummings was the pilot for these flights. The work was partially supported by the NOAA NMFS Steller Sea Lion Research Initiative and the Exxon Valdez Trustee Council. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2009 VL 22 IS 1 BP 206 EP 209 PG 4 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 413EP UT WOS:000263776000023 ER PT J AU Baumann, E Giorgetta, FR Nicholson, JW Swann, WC Coddington, I Newbury, NR AF Baumann, Esther Giorgetta, Fabrizio R. Nicholson, Jetlrey W. Swann, William C. Coddington, Ian Newbury, Nathan R. TI High-performance, vibration-immune, fiber-laser frequency comb SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REFERENCE CAVITY; TIMING JITTER; NOBEL LECTURE; LINEWIDTHS; SYSTEM AB We demonstrate an environmentally robust optical frequency comb based on a polarization-maintaining, all-fiber, figure-eight laser. The comb is phase locked to a cavity-stabilized cw laser by use of an intracavity electro-optic phase modulator yielding 1.6 MHz feedback bandwidth. This high bandwidth provides close to shot-noise-limited residual phase noise between the comb and cw reference laser of -94 dBc/Hz from 20 Hz to 200 kHz and an integrated in-loop phase noise of 32 mrad from 1 Hz to 1 MHz. Moreover, the comb remains phase locked under significant mechanical vibrations of over 1 g. This level of environmental robustness is an important step toward a fieldable fiber frequency comb. C1 [Baumann, Esther; Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.; Swann, William C.; Coddington, Ian; Newbury, Nathan R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Nicholson, Jetlrey W.] OFS Labs, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. RP Baumann, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM esther.baumann@nist.gov RI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014; Baumann, Esther/P-1315-2015 OI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912; Baumann, Esther/0000-0002-6569-2090 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). FX We thank A. Hati, C. Nelson, and D. Howe for technical assistance. This work was funded by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). NR 18 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 23 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 34 IS 5 BP 638 EP 640 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 423UY UT WOS:000264522400030 PM 19252577 ER PT J AU Abdulaev, NG Mao, X Ramon, E Ngo, T Mysliwy, J Marino, JP Ridge, KD AF Abdulaev, Najmoutin G. Mao, Xiang Ramon, Eva Ngo, Tony Mysliwy, Justyna Marino, John P. Ridge, Kevin D. TI Designing Point Mutants to Detect Structural Coupling in a Heterotrimeric G Protein alpha-subunit by NMR Spectroscopy SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Retinal Proteins CY JUN 15-19, 2008 CL Barcelona, SPAIN ID GUANINE-NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; EFFECTOR-BINDING; RECEPTOR; TRANSDUCIN; FLUORESCENCE; PURIFICATION; ACTIVATION; SWITCH; SITES AB To better understand the mechanism by which the activating signal is transmitted from the receptor-interacting regions on the G protein alpha-subunit (G(alpha)) to the guanine nucleotide-binding pocket, we generated and characterized mutant forms of G(alpha) with alterations in switch II (Trp-207 -> Phe) and the carboxyl-terminus (Phe-350 -> Ala). Previously reported bacterial expression methods for the high-level production of a uniformly isotope-labeled G(t alpha)/G(i1 alpha) chimera, ChiT, were successfully used to isolate milligram quantities of (15)N-labeled mutant protein. NMR analysis showed that while the GDP/Mg(2+)-bound state of both mutants shared an overall conformation similar to that of the GDP/Mg(2+)-bound state of ChiT, formation of the "transition/activated'' state in the presence of aluminum fluoride (AlF(4)(-)) revealed distinct differences between the wild-type and mutant Ga subunits, particularly in the response of the (1)HN, (15)N cross-peak for the Trp-254 indole in the Trp-207 -> Phe mutant and the (1)HN, (15)N cross-peak for Ala-350 in the Phe-350 -> Ala mutant. Consistent with the NMR data, the F350 -> Ala mutant showed an increase in intrinsic fluorescence that was similar to G(t alpha) and ChiT upon formation of the "transition/activated'' state in the presence of AlF(4)(-), whereas the intrinsic fluorescence of the Trp-207 -> Phe mutant decreased. These results show that the substitution of key amino acid positions in G(alpha) can effect structural changes that may compromise receptor interactions and GDP/GTP exchange. C1 [Mao, Xiang; Ramon, Eva; Ngo, Tony; Ridge, Kevin D.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Ctr Membrane Biol, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Houston, TX USA. [Abdulaev, Najmoutin G.; Mysliwy, Justyna; Marino, John P.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Abdulaev, Najmoutin G.; Mysliwy, Justyna; Marino, John P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Rockville, MD USA. RP Ridge, KD (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Ctr Membrane Biol, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Houston, TX USA. EM kevin.d.ridge@uth.tmc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR015744]; NEI NIH HHS [EY016493] NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 85 IS 2 BP 431 EP 436 DI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00522.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 445FG UT WOS:000266034900004 PM 19222798 ER PT J AU Bernshtam, VA Zarnitsky, Y Ralchenko, Y Vainshtein, LA Weingarten, L Maron, Y AF Bernshtam, V. A. Zarnitsky, Yu Ralchenko, Yu Vainshtein, L. A. Weingarten, L. Maron, Y. TI Effect of radiative cascades on intensities of dielectronic satellites to He-alpha SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID SPECTRA; RECOMBINATION; LINES; IONS AB Radiative cascades into autoionizing states 1s2121' in Li-like ions are studied. The correction function that describes the effect of cascades on level populations is calculated using the 1/Z-expansion method for the range of nuclear charges Z = 10-30. It is shown that for the q-satellite, which is often used in hot plasmas for diagnostic purposes, the contribution of radiative cascades may be three orders of magnitude larger than the direct dielectronic capture. Time-dependent collisional-radiative modeling is used to calculate satellite intensities and determine spectra modifications due to radiative cascades. C1 [Bernshtam, V. A.; Zarnitsky, Yu; Ralchenko, Yu; Weingarten, L.; Maron, Y.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Vainshtein, L. A.] Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. [Ralchenko, Yu] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bernshtam, VA (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM vladimir.bernshtam@weizmann.ac.il RI Ralchenko, Yuri/B-7687-2011; Vainshtein, Leonid/N-5038-2015; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 79 IS 3 AR 035303 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/79/03/035303 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 414UP UT WOS:000263891000010 ER PT J AU Gurell, J Wahlgren, GM Nave, G Wyart, JF AF Gurell, J. Wahlgren, G. M. Nave, G. Wyart, J-F TI Wavelengths, energy levels and hyperfine structure constants in Ho II SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID HOLLOW-CATHODE; METAL-POOR; HOLMIUM; SPECTRA; CONFIGURATIONS; ABUNDANCE; LIFETIMES; SUN; 6P AB We recorded spectra of Ho II emitted by hollow-cathode lamps, using the ultraviolet Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) at Lund Observatory and the 2-m FTS at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The combined wavenumber coverage spans the interval from 8000 to 49 600 cm(-1) (12 500 to 2016 angstrom). We measured 303 lines in these spectra and used them to determine energies and hyperfine structure constants of 100 levels. Of these, 41 energy levels have not been reported previously and hyperfine structure constants have not been reported previously for 83 levels. Comparisons between the hyperfine structure constants and energy levels presented in this article and those previously determined from other studies are included and discrepancies are discussed. A theoretical study of the odd-parity levels leads to hyperfine structure parameters and to predictions for unknown excited levels of the ground-state configuration. C1 [Gurell, J.] Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Gurell, J.; Wahlgren, G. M.] Lund Observ, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Wahlgren, G. M.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Wahlgren, G. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Nave, G.] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wyart, J-F] CNRS, UPR3321, Aime Cotton Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Wyart, J-F] CNRS, LERMA, UMR 8112, Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. RP Gurell, J (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM jonas.gurell@physto.se FU NASA [NNG06GJ29G] FX GMW acknowledges financial support from NASA grant NNG06GJ29G. We acknowledge the help of U Litzen, H Nilsson and K Oberg. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 79 IS 3 AR 035306 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/79/03/035306 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 414UP UT WOS:000263891000013 ER PT J AU O'Hara, MJ O'Leary, DP AF O'Hara, Michael J. O'Leary, Dianne P. TI Quadratic fermionic interactions yield Hamiltonians with large ground-state energy gaps SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE energy gap; fermion systems; ground states; Ising model; many-body problems; polynomials; quantum computing ID QUANTUM; ALGORITHM AB Polynomially large ground-state energy gaps are rare in many-body quantum systems, but useful in quantum information and an interesting feature of the one-dimensional quantum Ising model. We show analytically that the gap is generically polynomially large not just for the quantum Ising model, but for one-, two-, and three-dimensional interaction lattices and Hamiltonians with certain random interactions. We extend the analysis to Hamiltonian evolutions and we use the Jordan-Wigner transformation and a related transformation for spin-3/2 particles to show that our results can be restated using spin operators in a surprisingly simple manner. These results also yield a new perspective on the one-dimensional cluster state. C1 [O'Hara, Michael J.] Univ Maryland, Program Appl Math, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [O'Leary, Dianne P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [O'Leary, Dianne P.] Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [O'Leary, Dianne P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP O'Hara, MJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Program Appl Math, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mjohara@gmail.com; oleary@cs.umd.edu FU National Science Foundation [CCF 0514213] FX This research is supported in part by National Science Foundation under Grant No. CCF 0514213. The authors would like to thank Stephen Bullock, Gavin Brennen, William Kaminsky, Charles Clark, Ana Maria Rey, E. "Manny" Knill, Eite Tiesinga, and the anonymous referee for helpful comments and feedback. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2009 VL 79 IS 3 AR 032331 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.032331 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 427HK UT WOS:000264770200060 ER PT J AU Satija, II Balakrishnan, R Naudus, P Heward, J Edwards, M Clark, CW AF Satija, Indubala I. Balakrishnan, Radha Naudus, Phillip Heward, Jeffrey Edwards, Mark Clark, Charles W. TI Symmetry-breaking and symmetry-restoring dynamics of a mixture of Bose-Einstein condensates in a double well SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE Bose-Einstein condensation; rubidium; tunnelling ID ATOMS; GAS AB We study the coherent nonlinear tunneling dynamics of a binary mixture of Bose-Einstein condensates in a double-well potential. We demonstrate the existence of a type of mode associated with the "swapping" of the two species in the two wells of the potential. In contrast to the symmetry-breaking macroscopic quantum self-trapping (MQST) solutions, the swapping modes correspond to the tunneling dynamics that preserves the symmetry of the double-well potential. As a consequence of two distinct types of broken-symmetry MQST phases where the two species localize in different potential wells or coexist in the same well, the corresponding symmetry-restoring swapping modes result in dynamics where the two species either avoid or chase each other. In view of the possibility to control the interaction between the species, the binary mixture offers a very robust system to observe these novel effects as well as the phenomena of Josephson oscillations and pi modes. C1 [Satija, Indubala I.; Naudus, Phillip] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Satija, Indubala I.; Edwards, Mark; Clark, Charles W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Balakrishnan, Radha] Inst Math Sci, Madras 600113, Tamil Nadu, India. [Heward, Jeffrey; Edwards, Mark] Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RP Satija, II (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Edwards, Mark/0000-0002-3149-2402 FU Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India FX R. B. thanks the council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India for financial support. NR 21 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2009 VL 79 IS 3 AR 033616 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.033616 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 427HK UT WOS:000264770200146 ER PT J AU Willis, RT Becerra, FE Orozco, LA Rolston, SL AF Willis, R. T. Becerra, F. E. Orozco, L. A. Rolston, S. L. TI Four-wave mixing in the diamond configuration in an atomic vapor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE atom-photon collisions; Doppler shift; Maxwell equations; multiwave mixing; quantum optics; resonant states; rubidium; spectral line narrowing AB We present measurements of the resonance structure for nondegenerate four-wave mixing (4WM) in the diamond configuration in a warm atomic vapor of rubidium. We show that a narrow sub-Doppler feature exists and can be understood as a result of velocity-class selection. We measure the efficiency of the 4WM process and show it to be on the order of 1x10(-4). Our observations are consistent with the results of a theoretical treatment based on the semiclassical Maxwell-Bloch equations for the system with the appropriate coupling values derived from the experimental values in Rb. C1 [Willis, R. T.; Becerra, F. E.; Orozco, L. A.; Rolston, S. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Willis, R. T.; Becerra, F. E.; Orozco, L. A.; Rolston, S. L.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Becerra, F. E.] CINVESTAV, Dept Fis, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. RP Willis, RT (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM tommyw@physics.umd.edu RI Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD/H-4494-2011; rolston, steven/L-5175-2013 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190 NR 13 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2009 VL 79 IS 3 AR 033814 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.033814 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 427HK UT WOS:000264770200175 ER PT J AU Yuan, CH Lu, CP Zhang, WP Deng, L AF Yuan, Chun-Hua Lu, Cui-Ping Zhang, Weiping Deng, L. TI Generating correlated (2+1)-photon pairs in an active-Raman-gain medium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE photons; Raman spectra ID SINGLE PHOTONS; ONE-ATOM; STATES; LIGHT; CAVITY AB A scheme of generating controllable (2+1) photons in a double-Lambda atomic system based on active Raman gain is presented in this paper. Such (2+1) photons can be a potential candidate to generate a correlated photon pair as one photon of "2" photons acts as a trigger. Our proposal is an alternative approach to generate photon pairs where the frequencies are tunable for subsequent atomic system experiments compared to spontaneous parametric down-conversion case. Compared to other schemes of generating correlated photon pairs, our scheme exhibits several features due to the exploit of the stimulated Raman process and injection-seeding mechanism. C1 [Yuan, Chun-Hua; Lu, Cui-Ping; Zhang, Weiping] E China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, State Key Lab Precis Spect, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Deng, L.] NIST, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, WP (reprint author), E China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, State Key Lab Precis Spect, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. EM wpzhang@phy.ecnu.edu.cn RI Deng, Lu/B-3997-2012; Yuan, Chun-Hua/L-9948-2013; Zhang, Weiping/L-7020-2014; Zhang, Weiping/E-1076-2017 OI Yuan, Chun-Hua/0000-0002-9860-6275; Zhang, Weiping/0000-0001-5098-4042 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [10588402, 10474055]; National Basic Research Program of China [2006CB921104]; Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality [06JC14026, 05PJ14038]; Program of Shanghai Subject Chief Scientist [08XD14017]; Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University; Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project [B480]; Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education [20040003101]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [44021200]; Shanghai Postdoctoral Scientific Program [44034560] FX The authors would like to thank Professor Z.Y. Ou and Professor L. You for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No. 10588402 and No. 10474055, the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under Grant No. 2006CB921104, the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality under Grants No. 06JC14026 and No. 05PJ14038, the Program of Shanghai Subject Chief Scientist under Grant No. 08XD14017, the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University, Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project under Grant No. B480, the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education under Grant No. 20040003101. C. H. Y. was supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 44021200) and Shanghai Postdoctoral Scientific Program (Grant No. 44034560). NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2009 VL 79 IS 3 AR 033804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.033804 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 427HK UT WOS:000264770200165 ER PT J AU Bao, W Gasparovic, YC Lynn, JW Ronning, F Bauer, ED Thompson, JD Fisk, Z AF Bao, Wei Gasparovic, Y. C. Lynn, J. W. Ronning, F. Bauer, E. D. Thompson, J. D. Fisk, Z. TI Commensurate magnetic structure of CeRhIn4.85Hg0.15 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE antiferromagnetic materials; cerium alloys; heavy fermion superconductors; indium alloys; magnetic structure; mercury alloys; neutron diffraction; rhodium alloys ID HEAVY-FERMION MATERIALS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CERHIN5; CEIRIN5; IR; RH AB We show using neutron diffraction that the magnetic structure of CeRhIn4.85Hg0.15 is characterized by a commensurate propagation vector (1/2,1/2,1/2). This is different from the magnetic structure in the parent compound CeRhIn5, which orders with an incommensurate propagation vector (1/2,1/2,0.297). The special relation between the commensurate magnetic mode and unconventional superconductivity has been shown previously for this class of heavy fermion superconductors. This work provides further evidence for the ubiquity of this antiferromagnetic mode. C1 [Bao, Wei; Ronning, F.; Bauer, E. D.; Thompson, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bao, Wei; Ronning, F.; Bauer, E. D.; Thompson, J. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gasparovic, Y. C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fisk, Z.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Bao, W (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Bao, Wei/E-9988-2011; OI Bao, Wei/0000-0002-2105-461X; Ronning, Filip/0000-0002-2679-7957; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 FU U.S. DOE; UC Irvine; NSF [DMR-053360] FX Work at LANL was supported by U.S. DOE and at UC Irvine by NSF under Grant No. DMR-053360. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2009 VL 79 IS 9 AR 092415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.092415 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 427GQ UT WOS:000264768200018 ER PT J AU Garate, I Gilmore, K Stiles, MD MacDonald, AH AF Garate, Ion Gilmore, K. Stiles, M. D. MacDonald, A. H. TI Nonadiabatic spin-transfer torque in real materials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE band structure; damping; Fermi surface; ferromagnetic materials; gallium arsenide; magnetic domain walls; magnetic semiconductors; manganese; spin-orbit interactions ID MAGNETIC TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; DOMAIN DRAG; DYNAMICS; FERROMAGNETS; METALS; FIELD AB The motion of simple domain walls and of more complex magnetic textures in the presence of a transport current is described by the Landau-Lifshitz-Slonczewski (LLS) equations. Predictions of the LLS equations depend sensitively on the ratio between the dimensionless material parameter beta which characterizes nonadiabatic spin-transfer torques and the Gilbert damping parameter alpha. This ratio has been variously estimated to be close to zero, close to one, and large compared to one. By identifying beta as the influence of a transport current on alpha, we derive a concise, explicit, and relatively simple expression which relates beta to the band structure and Bloch state lifetimes of a magnetic metal. Using this expression we demonstrate that intrinsic spin-orbit interactions lead to intraband contributions to beta which are often dominant, and can be (i) estimated with some confidence and (ii) interpreted using the "breathing Fermi-surface" model. C1 [Garate, Ion; MacDonald, A. H.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Gilmore, K.; Stiles, M. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gilmore, K.] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Garate, I (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; Gilmore, Keith/D-5426-2013 OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; NR 41 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2009 VL 79 IS 10 AR 104416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.104416 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 427GU UT WOS:000264768600072 ER PT J AU Junkermeier, CE Lewis, JP Bryant, GW AF Junkermeier, Chad E. Lewis, James P. Bryant, Garnett W. TI Amorphous nature of small CdS nanoparticles: Molecular dynamics simulations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CADMIUM-SULFIDE NANOPARTICLES; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; TIGHT-BINDING; CLUSTERS; NANOCRYSTALLITES; SIZE AB The semiconductor CdS is generally found in the wurtzite structure. Prior experimental and theoretical results confirm that the semiconductor CdS nanoparticles maintain a wurtzite structure for diameters greater than 6 nm. There is disagreement in the literature for sizes smaller than 6 nm. We use the density-functional theory FIREBALL code and perform finite-temperature molecular dynamics simulations on nanoparticles that are approximately 2 nm in diameter, considering different sized structures and different simulation temperatures. To determine the structure of the nanoparticles we analyze the radial distribution of the atoms about the center of the nanoparticle, the nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor bond lengths, and the radial distribution function about individual atoms. Comparing the molecular dynamics simulations of relaxed nanocrystals against bulklike wurtzite and zinc-blende nanocrystals, we find that small uncapped CdS nanoparticles are not nanocrystals but are amorphous. C1 [Junkermeier, Chad E.; Lewis, James P.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Bryant, Garnett W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Junkermeier, Chad E.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Junkermeier, CE (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM chad.junkermeier@mail.wvu.edu NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2009 VL 79 IS 12 AR 125323 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.125323 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 427HB UT WOS:000264769300074 ER PT J AU Levin, I Krayzman, V Woicik, JC Karapetrova, J Proffen, T Tucker, MG Reaney, IM AF Levin, Igor Krayzman, Victor Woicik, Joseph C. Karapetrova, Jenia Proffen, Thomas Tucker, Matthew G. Reaney, Ian M. TI Structural changes underlying the diffuse dielectric response in AgNbO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE crystal symmetry; dielectric materials; dielectric relaxation; EXAFS; lattice constants; neutron diffraction; silver compounds; X-ray diffraction ID X-RAY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; PHASE; SCATTERING; SYSTEM; PEROVSKITES; MICROWAVE; SPECTRA; KNBO3 AB Structural differences in the so-called M polymorphs of AgNbO3 were analyzed using combined high-resolution x-ray diffraction, neutron total scattering, electron diffraction, and x-ray absorption fine-structure measurements. These polymorphs all crystallize with Pbcm symmetry and lattice parameters root 2a(c)x root 2a(c)x4a(c) (where a(c)approximate to 4 A corresponds to the lattice parameter of an ideal cubic perovskite) which are determined by a complex octahedral tilt system (a(-)b(-)c(-))/(a(-)b(-)c(+)) involving a sequence of two in-phase and two antiphase rotations around the c axis. Our results revealed that, similar to KNbO3, the Nb cations in AgNbO3 exhibit local off-center displacements correlated along Nb-Nb-Nb chains. The displacements appear to be present even in the high-temperature AgNbO3 polymorphs where the Nb cations, on average, reside on the ideal fixed-coordinate sites. The onset of the (a(-)b(-)c(-))/(a(-)b(-)c(+)) tilting in the M polymorphs lifts the symmetry restrictions on the Nb positions and promotes ordering of the local Nb displacements into a long-range antipolarlike array. This ordering preserves the average Pbcm symmetry but is manifested in electron diffuse scattering and corroborated by other local-structure sensitive techniques. Structural states previously identified as the M-3 and M-2 phases represent different stages of displacive ordering rather than distinct thermodynamic phases. Rietveld refinements indicated intimate coupling between the displacive behavior on the oxygen, Nb, and Ag sublattices. The Pbcm symmetry of the octahedral framework precludes a complete ordering of Nb displacements so that some positional disorder is retained. This partial disorder likely gives a source to the dielectric relaxation which, according to previous spectroscopic studies, is the origin of the diffuse dielectric response exhibited by M-type AgNbO3 at approximate to 250 degrees C. C1 [Levin, Igor; Krayzman, Victor; Woicik, Joseph C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Karapetrova, Jenia] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Proffen, Thomas] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Neutron Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Tucker, Matthew G.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Reaney, Ian M.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Engn, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. RP Levin, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009; Tucker, Matt/C-9867-2016 OI Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031; Tucker, Matt/0000-0002-2891-7086 FU Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Los Alamos National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG-36]; Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX The work was made possible by national user facilities: (1) the Lujan Center at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center funded by the Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-36, and (2) the Advanced Photon Source supported by the Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. Experiments at the ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source were supported by a beam-time allocation from the Science and Technology Facilities Council. NR 24 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2009 VL 79 IS 10 AR 104113 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.104113 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 427GU UT WOS:000264768600040 ER PT J AU Phelan, D Louca, D Ancona, SN Rosenkranz, S Zheng, H Mitchell, JF AF Phelan, D. Louca, Despina Ancona, S. N. Rosenkranz, S. Zheng, H. Mitchell, J. F. TI Neutron scattering study of the competing magnetic correlations in La0.85Sr0.15CoO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE ferromagnetic materials; lanthanum compounds; long-range order; magnetic structure; magnetic susceptibility; neutron diffraction; short-range order; spin glasses; strontium compounds ID PHASE-SEPARATION; LA1-XSRXCOO3 AB The nature of the competing ferromagnetic and incommensurate spin correlations in the spin-glass phase of La0.85Sr0.15CoO3 has been investigated by various neutron scattering techniques. Spin-polarized scattering indicates that the observed incommensurate peaks are dominantly magnetic in nature. Magnetic field experiments show that a field applied perpendicular to the short-range ordering wave vector destroys the incommensurate correlations and induces long-range ferromagnetic order. However, even for fields up to 7 T, short-range ferromagnetic correlations still coexist with the long-range ordered regions. C1 [Phelan, D.; Louca, Despina] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Phelan, D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ancona, S. N.; Rosenkranz, S.; Zheng, H.; Mitchell, J. F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Phelan, D (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RI Rosenkranz, Stephan/E-4672-2011 OI Rosenkranz, Stephan/0000-0002-5659-0383 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-01ER45927, DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U. S. DOC [NIST-70NANB5H1152]; NSF [DMR-9986442, DMR-0086210.] FX The authors would like to acknowledge fruitful discussions with C. Leighton and thank him for discussing his unpublished data. They would also like to thank W. Ratcliff, C. F. Majkrzak, and B. J. Kirby of the NCNR for their assistance in the neutron scattering experiments and S. McKinney, E. Fitzgerald, and D. Dender of the NCNR for their assistance operating the superconducting magnet. This work is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contracts No. DE-FG02-01ER45927 and No. DE-AC02-06CH11357, and the U. S. DOC through Contract No. NIST-70NANB5H1152. The use of the neutron scattering facilities at NIST was supported in part through NSF Grants No. DMR-9986442 and No. DMR-0086210. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2009 VL 79 IS 9 AR 094420 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.094420 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 427GQ UT WOS:000264768200077 ER PT J AU Tewary, VK Yang, B AF Tewary, V. K. Yang, B. TI Singular behavior of the Debye-Waller factor of graphene SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE Debye temperature; Debye-Waller factors; graphene; mean square error methods; phonons ID GRAPHITE INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS AB It is shown that the mean-square displacement or the exponent of the Debye-Waller factor of graphene has a singularity except at zero temperature. The zero-temperature values of the mean-square displacement are calculated separately for planar and out-of-plane phonon modes for graphene. These values give the Debye-Waller factor that can be used to model various scattering processes at temperatures much lower than the Debye temperature of graphene. Since the Debye temperature of graphene is about 2300 K for planar modes, the calculated values should provide a useful estimate of the Debye-Waller factor at temperatures of practical interest. Finally, it is shown qualitatively that the singularity can be removed by accounting for the finite size of real graphene crystals. C1 [Tewary, V. K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yang, B.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Tewary, VK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tewary@boulder.nist.gov RI Yang, Bo/A-5716-2010 NR 15 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2009 VL 79 IS 12 AR 125416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.125416 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 427HB UT WOS:000264769300097 ER PT J AU Massillon-JL, G Minniti, R Mitch, MG Maryanski, MJ Soares, CG AF Massillon-JL, G. Minniti, R. Mitch, M. G. Maryanski, M. J. Soares, C. G. TI The use of gel dosimetry to measure the 3D dose distribution of a Sr-90/Y-90 intravascular brachytherapy seed SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO CALCULATION; IN-STENT RESTENOSIS; RADIATION-THERAPY; BETA-RADIATION; ANGIOPLASTY; PARAMETERS AB Absorbed dose distributions in 3D imparted by a single Sr-90/Y-90 beta particle seed source of the type used for intravascular brachytherapy were investigated. A polymer gel dosimetry medium was used as a dosemeter and phantom, while a special high-resolution laser CT scanner with a spatial resolution of 100 mu m in all dimensions was used to quantify the data. We have measured the radial dose function, g(L)(r), observing that gL(r) increases to a maximum value and then decreases as the distance from the seed increases. This is in good agreement with previous data obtained with radiochromic film and thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLDs), even if the TLDs underestimate the dose at distances very close to the seed. Contrary to the measurements, gL(r) calculated through Monte Carlo simulations and reported previously steadily decreases without a local maximum as a function of the distance from the seed. At distances less than 1.5 mm, differences of more than 20% are observed between the measurements and the Monte Carlo calculations. This difference could be due to a possible underestimation of the energy absorbed into the seed core and encapsulation in the Monte Carlo simulation, as a consequence of the unknown precise chemical composition of the core and its respective density for this seed. The results suggest that gL( r) can be measured very close to the seed with a relative uncertainty of about 1% to 2%. The dose distribution is isotropic only at distances greater than or equal to 2 mm from the seed and is almost symmetric, independent of the depth. This study indicates that polymer gel coupled with the special small format laser CT scanner are valid and accurate methods for measuring the dose distribution at distances close to an intravascular brachytherapy seed. C1 [Massillon-JL, G.; Minniti, R.; Mitch, M. G.; Soares, C. G.] NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Massillon-JL, G.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. [Maryanski, M. J.] MGS Res Inc, Madison, CT 06443 USA. RP Massillon-JL, G (reprint author), NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM massillon@fisica.unam.mx RI Massillon-JL, Guerda/E-9052-2013 NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1661 EP 1672 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/54/6/017 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 414ZH UT WOS:000263903600018 PM 19242054 ER PT J AU McFadden, GB Coriell, SR AF McFadden, G. B. Coriell, S. R. TI Onset of oscillatory convection in two liquid layers with phase change SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE convection; flow instability; fluid oscillations; liquid-vapour transformations; stratified flow; surface tension; two-phase flow ID THERMOCAPILLARY INSTABILITIES; INTERFACE AB We perform linear stability calculations for horizontal fluid bilayers that can undergo a phase transformation in the presence of a vertical temperature gradient. We reconsider the oscillatory instability calculated by Huang and Joseph [J. Fluid Mech. 242, 235 (1992)] for the water-steam system cooled from below at temperatures near 100 degrees C, where there is a large difference in the densities of the two fluids. We find that buoyancy and surface tension gradients are unimportant for this instability. Numerical solutions demonstrate that the properties of the vapor and liquid systems at these temperatures are sufficiently different that an approximate treatment is possible in which the equations for the vapor phase can be eliminated from the overall governing equations. Further analytical approximations suggested by the numerical solution are also presented, and the results are in good agreement with the numerical solution for the full set of governing equations. A simple model of the oscillatory instability is developed which gives insight into its origins. C1 [McFadden, G. B.; Coriell, S. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McFadden, GB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAR PY 2009 VL 21 IS 3 AR 034101 DI 10.1063/1.3083345 PG 8 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 427LZ UT WOS:000264782100023 ER PT J AU Betz, JM Saldanha, LG Fisher, KD Coates, PM Klein, M Engel, J Pho, AN Sharpless, KE Sander, LC Wise, SA Rimmer, CA Phinney, KW AF Betz, J. M. Saldanha, L. G. Fisher, K. D. Coates, P. M. Klein, M. Engel, J. Pho, Nguyen A. Sharpless, K. E. Sander, L. C. Wise, S. A. Rimmer, C. A. Phinney, K. W. TI The NIH/ODS Analytical Methods and Reference Materials Program for Dietary Supplements: Five-Year Accomplishments and Future Directions SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Annual Oxford International Conference on Science of Botanicals CY APR 06, 2009 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP NCNPR, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Food & Drug Adm, CFSAN/FDA, Shanghai Inst Mat Plant Res, Inst Indigenous Med, Sri Lanka, Amer Soc Pharmocognosy C1 [Betz, J. M.; Saldanha, L. G.; Fisher, K. D.; Coates, P. M.; Klein, M.; Engel, J.] US Natl Inst Hlth, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Pho, Nguyen A.] US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Sharpless, K. E.; Sander, L. C.; Wise, S. A.; Rimmer, C. A.; Phinney, K. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 75 IS 4 BP 435 EP 435 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 429BF UT WOS:000264895100135 ER PT J AU Sagarin, R Carlsson, J Duval, M Freshwater, W Godfrey, MH Litaker, W Munoz, R Noble, R Schultz, T Wynne, B AF Sagarin, Raphael Carlsson, Jens Duval, Michelle Freshwater, Wilson Godfrey, Matthew H. Litaker, Wayne Munoz, Roldan Noble, Rachel Schultz, Tom Wynne, Bennett TI Bringing Molecular Tools into Environmental Resource Management: Untangling the Molecules to Policy Pathway SO PLOS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECREATIONAL WATER-QUALITY; ILLNESS C1 [Sagarin, Raphael] Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Sagarin, Raphael] Duke Univ, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Durham, NC USA. [Carlsson, Jens; Schultz, Tom] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Duval, Michelle] N Carolina Div Marine Fisheries, Morehead City, NC USA. [Freshwater, Wilson] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. [Godfrey, Matthew H.] N Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Raleigh, NC USA. [Litaker, Wayne] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC USA. [Munoz, Roldan] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC USA. [Noble, Rachel] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC USA. [Wynne, Bennett] N Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Kinston, NC USA. RP Sagarin, R (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM rafe.sagarin@duke.edu OI Schultz, Thomas/0000-0001-9694-9920; Carlsson, Jens/0000-0002-9262-5627 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1544-9173 J9 PLOS BIOL JI PLoS. Biol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 7 IS 3 BP 426 EP 430 AR e1000069 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000069 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 436KI UT WOS:000265412600002 PM 19338385 ER PT J AU Pack, S Si, M Koo, J Sokolov, JC Koga, T Kashiwagi, T Rafailovich, MH AF Pack, Seongchan Si, Mayu Koo, Jaseung Sokolov, Jonathan C. Koga, Tadanori Kashiwagi, Takashi Rafailovich, Miriam H. TI Mode-of-action of self-extinguishing polymer blends containing organoclays SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE Nanocomposites; Compatibilization; Clay tubes; Flame retardants ID LAYERED-SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; COMPATIBILIZATION EFFICIENCY; MELT INTERCALATION; FIRE PROPERTIES; POLYSTYRENE; FLAMMABILITY; POLYPROPYLENE; DYNAMICS; RHEOLOGY AB We have shown that the addition of nanoclays is an effective means for enhancing the flame retardant proper-ties of polymer blends. Polymer blends are difficult to render flame retardant even with the addition of flame retardant agents due to dispersion and phase segregation during the heating process. We show that the addition of 5% functionalized Cloisite 20A clays in combination with 15% decabromodiphenyl ether and 4% antimony trioxide to a polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) blend can render the compound flame resistant within the UL-94-V0 standard. Using a variety of micro-characterization methods, we show that the clays are concentrated at the interfaces between the polymers in this blend and completely suppress phase segregation. The flame retardant (FR) is absorbed onto the clay surfaces, and the exfoliation of the clays also distributes the FR agent uniformly within the matrix. TGA of the nanocomposite indicates that prior to the addition of clay, the dissociation times of the individual components varied by more than 20 degrees C, which complicated the gas-phase kinetics. Addition of the clays causes all the components to have a single dissociation temperature, which enhanced the efficacy of the FR formula in the gas phase. Cone calorimetry also indicated that the clays decreased the heat release rate (HRR) and the mass loss rate (MLR), due to the formation of a robust char. In contrast, minimal charring occurred in blends containing just the FR. SEM examination of the chars showed that the clay platelets were curved and in some cases tightly folded into nanotube-like structures. These features were only apparent in blends, indicating that they might be associated with thermal gradients across the polymer phase interface. SEM and SAXS examinations of the nanocomposites after partial exposure to the flame indicated that the clays aggregated into ribbon-like structures, approximately microns in length, after the surfactant thermally decomposed. Thermal modeling indicated that these ribbons might partially explain the synergy due to better distribution of the heat and improve the mechanical properties of the melt at high temperatures, in a manner similar to the one reported for carbon nanotubes. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pack, Seongchan; Koo, Jaseung; Sokolov, Jonathan C.; Koga, Tadanori; Rafailovich, Miriam H.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Koga, Tadanori; Rafailovich, Miriam H.] SUNY Stony Brook, Chem & Mol Engn Program, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Kashiwagi, Takashi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Si, Mayu] Goodyear Tech Ctr, Engineered Prod Res Ctr, Akron, OH 44309 USA. RP Rafailovich, MH (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM spack@ic.sunysb.edu; mrafailovich@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Koga, Tadanori/A-4007-2010; zhang, lei/D-1818-2012 FU NSF-MRSEC FX The authors thanks Ms. Susan C. Van Horn from Central Microscopy Imaging Center (C-MIC) at Stony Brook University for taking TEM images. The authors also thank Prof. Edward Weil of Polytechnic University for reviewing and editing our initial manuscript. This work was supported by the NSF-MRSEC program. NR 38 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 94 IS 3 BP 306 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.12.008 PG 21 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 416MP UT WOS:000264010500004 ER PT J AU Doyle, MJ Picquelle, SJ Mier, KL Spillane, MC Bond, NA AF Doyle, Miriam J. Picquelle, Susan J. Mier, Kathryn L. Spillane, Michael C. Bond, Nicholas A. TI Larval fish abundance and physical forcing in the Gulf of Alaska, 1981-2003 SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE Gulf of Alaska; Fish larvae; Abundance; Physical oceanography; Generalized additive modeling; Early life history ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; CLIMATE REGIME SHIFTS; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; LONG-TERM TRENDS; WALLEYE POLLOCK; SHELIKOF-STRAIT; WESTERN GULF; MARINE FISH; CALIFORNIA CURRENT AB The present study investigates ecological patterns and relationships to environmental variables among a time-series of larval fish species abundance from late spring surveys (1981-2003) in the northwest Gulf of Alaska (GOA). Links between interannual variation in species abundance and the physical environment were explored using generalized additive modeling (GAM). Trends in larval abundance and connections with physical variables displayed patterns that indicate unique and complex responses among species to environmental forcing during the larval period. In particular, the observed patterns suggest that ontogenetic-specific responses, representing sub-intervals of early life, are important. In addition, a notable degree of synchrony in larval abundance trends, and similarity in links with physical variables, were observed among species with common early life history patterns. The deepwater spawners, northern lampfish, arrowtooth flounder, and Pacific halibut, were most abundant in the study area during the 1990s, in association with enhanced wind-driven onshore and alongshore transport. Years of high abundance for Pacific cod, walleye pollock, and northern rock sole were associated with cooler winters and enhanced alongshore winds during spring. High larval abundance for spring-summer spawning rockfish species and southern rock sole seemed to be favored by warmer spring temperatures later in the time-series. This apparent exposure-response coupling seems to be connected to both local-scale and basin-scale environmental signals, to varying degrees depending on specific early life history characteristics. Understanding such ecological connections contributes to the evaluation of vulnerability and resilience among GOA species' early life history patterns to fluctuating climate and oceanographic conditions. This investigation also provides crucial information for the identification of "environmental indicators" that may have a broad-spectrum effect on multiple species early life history stages, as well as those that may be more species-specific in exerting control on early life history survival. Of particular interest was the emergence of the EP-NP (East Pacific-North Pacific) teleconnection index as the top-ranked variable in the CAM models exploring the connections between late spring larval abundance and the physical environment. The EP-NP index represents an important and often primary mode of spring-summer atmospheric variability in the northeast Pacific, with a strong expression in the GOA, and its connection with species in this study implies that it may be a climate mode of significant ecological importance. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Doyle, Miriam J.; Spillane, Michael C.; Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Picquelle, Susan J.; Mier, Kathryn L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Doyle, MJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, POB 355672, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM miriam.doyle@noaa.gov RI Spillane, Michael/I-7870-2015 OI Spillane, Michael/0000-0003-0794-5675 NR 90 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 80 IS 3-4 BP 163 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2009.03.002 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 457CY UT WOS:000266904600004 ER PT J AU Lakhankar, T Ghedira, H Temimi, M Sengupta, M Khanbilvardi, R Blake, R AF Lakhankar, Tarendra Ghedira, Hosni Temimi, Marouane Sengupta, Manajit Khanbilvardi, Reza Blake, Reginald TI Non-parametric Methods for Soil Moisture Retrieval from Satellite Remote Sensing Data SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Soil moisture; Remote Sensing; Neural Network; Fuzzy Logic AB Satellite remote sensing observations have the potential for efficient and reliable mapping of spatial soil moisture distributions. However, soil moisture retrievals from active microwave remote sensing data are typically complex due to inherent difficulty in characterizing interactions among land surface parameters that contribute to the retrieval process. Therefore, adequate physical mathematical descriptions of microwave backscatter interaction with parameters such as land cover, vegetation density, and soil characteristics are not readily available. In such condition, non-parametric models could be used as possible alternative for better understanding the impact of variables in the retrieval process and relating it in the absence of exact formulation. In this study, non-parametric methods such as neural networks, fuzzy logic are used to retrieve soil moisture from active microwave remote sensing data. The inclusion of soil characteristics and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from infrared and visible measurement, have significantly improved soil moisture retrievals and reduced root mean square error (RMSE) by around 30% in the retrievals. Soil moisture derived from these methods was compared with ESTAR soil moisture (RMSE similar to 4.0%) and field soil moisture measurements (RMSE similar to 6.5%). Additionally, the study showed that soil moisture retrievals from highly vegetated areas are less accurate than bare soil areas. C1 [Lakhankar, Tarendra; Temimi, Marouane; Khanbilvardi, Reza; Blake, Reginald] CUNY, NOAA Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr NO, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Ghedira, Hosni] Amer Univ Dubai, Dubai, U Arab Emirates. [Sengupta, Manajit] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Lakhankar, T (reprint author), CUNY, NOAA Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr NO, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM tlakhankar@ccny.cuny.edu; hghedira@aud.edu; temimi@ce.ccny.cuny.edu; Sengupta@cira.colostate.edu; khanbilvardi@ccny.cuny.edu; rblake@citytech.cuny.edu RI Lakhankar, Tarendra/F-9490-2011 OI Lakhankar, Tarendra/0000-0002-4759-2141 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA06OAR4810162] FX This study was supported and monitored by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under Grant NA06OAR4810162. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 3 EP 21 DI 10.3390/rs1010003 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V24HA UT WOS:000208400300002 ER PT J AU Smith, DT Pratt, JR Howard, LP AF Smith, D. T. Pratt, J. R. Howard, L. P. TI A fiber-optic interferometer with subpicometer resolution for dc and low-frequency displacement measurement SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article DE displacement measurement; heterodyne detection; light interferometers; measurement by laser beam; optical fibres ID OPTIC INTERFEROMETER; NOISE; SENSITIVITY; SENSOR AB We have developed a fiber-optic interferometer optimized for best performance in the frequency range from dc to 1 kHz, with displacement linearity of 1% over a range of +/- 25 nm, and noise-limited resolution of 2 pm. The interferometer uses a tunable infrared laser source (nominal 1550 nm wavelength) with high amplitude and wavelength stability, low spontaneous self-emission noise, high sideband suppression, and a coherence control feature that broadens the laser linewidth and dramatically lowers the low-frequency noise in the system. The amplitude stability of the source, combined with the use of specially manufactured "bend-insensitive" fiber and all-spliced fiber construction, results in a robust homodyne interferometer system, which achieves resolution of 40 fm Hz(-1/2) above 20 Hz and approaches the shot-noise-limit of 20 fm Hz(-1/2) at 1 kHz for an optical power of 10 mu W, without the need for differential detection. Here we describe the design and construction of the interferometer, as well as modes of operation, and demonstrate its performance. C1 [Smith, D. T.; Pratt, J. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Howard, L. P.] Precera Inc, Damascus, MD 20872 USA. RP Smith, DT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Smith, Douglas/I-4403-2016 OI Smith, Douglas/0000-0002-9358-3449 NR 25 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 80 IS 3 AR 035105 DI 10.1063/1.3097187 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 427JW UT WOS:000264776600050 PM 19334950 ER PT J AU Botsford, LW Brumbaugh, DR Grimes, C Kellner, JB Largier, J O'Farrell, MR Ralston, S Soulanille, E Wespestad, V AF Botsford, Louis W. Brumbaugh, Daniel R. Grimes, Churchill Kellner, Julie B. Largier, John O'Farrell, Michael R. Ralston, Stephen Soulanille, Elaine Wespestad, Vidar TI Connectivity, sustainability, and yield: bridging the gap between conventional fisheries management and marine protected areas SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE Connectivity; Marine reserve; Metapopulation; Fisheries management; Dispersal; Home range ID CORAL-REEF FISH; HOME-RANGE SIZE; CALIFORNIA UPWELLING SYSTEM; ROCKFISH SEBASTES-MELANOPS; LINGCOD OPHIODON-ELONGATUS; SNAPPER PAGRUS-AURATUS; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; HABITAT UTILIZATION; LARVAL DISPERSAL; POPULATION-STRUCTURE AB A substantial shift toward use of marine protected areas (MPAs) for conservation and fisheries management is currently underway. This shift to explicit spatial management presents new challenges and uncertainties for ecologists and resource managers. In particular, the potential for MPAs to change population sustainability, fishery yield, and ecosystem properties depends on the poorly understood consequences of three critical forms of connectivity over space: larval dispersal, juvenile and adult swimming, and movement of fishermen. Conventional fishery management describes the dynamics and current status of fish populations, with increasing recent emphasis on sustainability, often through reference points that reflect individual replacement. These compare lifetime egg production (LEP) to a critical replacement threshold (CRT) whose value is uncertain. Sustainability of spatially distributed populations also depends on individual replacement, but through all possible paths created by larval dispersal and LEP at each location. Model calculations of spatial replacement considering larval connectivity alone indicate sustainability and yield depend on species dispersal distance and the distribution of LEP created by species habitat distribution and fishing mortality. Adding MPAs creates areas with high LEP, increasing sustainability, but not necessarily yield. Generally, short distance dispersers will persist in almost all MPAs, while sustainability of long distance dispersers requires a specific density of MPAs along the coast. The value of that density also depends on the uncertain CRT, as well as fishing rate. MPAs can increase yield in areas with previously low LEP but for short distance dispersers, high yields will require many small MPAs. The paucity of information on larval dispersal distances, especially in cases with strong advection, renders these projections uncertain. Adding juvenile and adult movement to these calculations reduces LEP near the edges in MPAs, if movement is within a home-range, but more broadly over space if movement is diffusive. Adding movement of fishermen shifts effort on the basis of anticipated revenues and fishing costs, leading to lower LEP near ports, for example. Our evolving understanding of connectivity in spatial management could form the basis for a new, spatially oriented replacement reference point for sustainability, with associated new uncertainties. C1 [Botsford, Louis W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Brumbaugh, Daniel R.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Grimes, Churchill; O'Farrell, Michael R.; Ralston, Stephen; Soulanille, Elaine] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Kellner, Julie B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Largier, John] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Wespestad, Vidar] Resource Analysts Int, Lynnwood, WA 98036 USA. RP Botsford, LW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lwbotsford@ucdavis.edu FU NOAA Fisheries; Southwest Fisheries Science Center; National Marine Protected Areas Center FX This manuscript is a product of an effort to integrate the science of marine protected areas and fisheries management, sponsored by NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Science Center and the National Marine Protected Areas Center. We thank Lisa Wooninck and other working group participants for their guidance and feedback. NR 152 TC 132 Z9 133 U1 15 U2 120 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 BP 69 EP 95 DI 10.1007/s11160-008-9092-z PG 27 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 403EL UT WOS:000263065800005 ER PT J AU Li, XQ Zhang, TH Mukamel, S Mirin, RP Cundiff, ST AF Li, Xiaoqin Zhang, Tianhao Mukamel, Shaul Mirin, Richard P. Cundiff, Steven T. TI Investigation of electronic coupling in semiconductor double quantum wells using coherent optical two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Semiconductors; Quantum wells; Optical properties; Nonlinear optics ID INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTON-ECHO; HEAVY-HOLE; BEATS; PEPTIDES; EXCITONS; OSCILLATIONS; DYNAMICS; WATER; DOT AB We investigate electronic coupling in asymmetric semiconductor double quantum wells using a new spectroscopy method, optical two-dimensional Fourier transform (2D-FT) spectroscopy. Measurements on two samples with different barrier thicknesses show drastically different 2D-FT spectra. We compare these measurements to conventional one-dimensional four-wave-mixing measurements, highlighting the unique advantages of the 2D-FT spectroscopy. An oscillatory behavior in the intensity of the cross peaks as a function of the mixing time is observed. This oscillation is attributed to interference between different quantum mechanical pathways, and its features are determined by the non-radiative Raman coherence between dipole-forbidden states. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Xiaoqin; Zhang, Tianhao; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Xiaoqin; Zhang, Tianhao; Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Xiaoqin] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Zhang, Tianhao] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mirin, Richard P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mukamel, Shaul] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 FU U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation; ARO; Welch Foundation FX We would like to thank Martin Koch for helpful discussions. The work at JILA and UCI was supported by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Energy Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation. S.T.C. is a staff member in the NIST Quantum Physics Division. X. Li gratefully acknowledges funding from ARO, NSF, and the Welch Foundation. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 149 IS 9-10 BP 361 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2008.12.021 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 409GG UT WOS:000263493600006 ER PT J AU McCright, B Dang, JM Hursh, DA Kaplan, DS Ballica, R Benton, KA Plant, AL AF McCright, Brent Dang, Jiyoung M. Hursh, Deborah A. Kaplan, David S. Ballica, Rabia Benton, Kimberly A. Plant, Anne L. TI Synopsis of the Food and Drug Administration-National Institute of Standards and Technology Co-Sponsored "In Vitro Analyses of Cell/Scaffold Products" Workshop SO TISSUE ENGINEERING PART A LA English DT Article ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; BIOARTIFICIAL LIVER; TISSUE; BIOMATERIALS; BIOREACTOR; RESPONSES; SYSTEMS; GROWTH; MODEL; VIVO C1 [McCright, Brent; Hursh, Deborah A.; Ballica, Rabia; Benton, Kimberly A.] US FDA, Off Cellular Tissue & Gene Therapy, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD USA. [Dang, Jiyoung M.] US FDA, Off Device Evaluat, Rockville, MD USA. [Kaplan, David S.] US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Sci & Engn Labs, Rockville, MD USA. [Plant, Anne L.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP McCright, B (reprint author), US FDA, Off Cellular Tissue & Gene Therapy, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD USA. EM brenton.mccright@fda.hhs.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1937-3341 J9 TISSUE ENG PT A JI Tissue Eng. Part A PD MAR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 455 EP 460 PG 6 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 415DG UT WOS:000263913900194 PM 19215220 ER PT J AU Chiang, MYM Landis, FA Wang, XF Smith, JR Cicerone, MT Dunkers, J Luo, YF AF Chiang, Martin Y. M. Landis, Forrest A. Wang, Xianfeng Smith, Jack R. Cicerone, Marcus T. Dunkers, Joy Luo, Yanfeng TI Local Thickness and Anisotropy Approaches to Characterize Pore Size Distribution of Three-Dimensional Porous Networks SO TISSUE ENGINEERING PART C-METHODS LA English DT Article ID ANNIHILATION LIFETIME; THIN-FILMS; SCAFFOLDS; SPECTROSCOPY; MORPHOLOGY; ADHESION; IMAGES; NMR AB Two image-analysis approaches for pore size distribution (PSD) of porous media are proposed. The methods are based on the skeleton representation of a porous object. One approach gives the local thickness of the pore object to represent the pore size corresponding to a lower limit of PSD. The other gives the pore size taking into account the anisotropy of pore object and corresponds to an upper limit of PSD. These two approaches can be incorporated into a computer program without computationally intensive and complex mathematical operations. In this study, these two approaches are applied to a two-dimensional (2D) synthetic image and 3D natural images of tissue scaffolds with various porosities and tortuosities. The scaffolds were prepared by removing the water-soluble poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) component of the polycaprolactone (PCL)/PEO blend, leaving a porous PCL scaffold. Extracting quantitative PSD information for materials with an interconnected porous network rather than discrete voids (such as tissue scaffolds) is inevitably subjective without a universally accepted definition of "pore size.'' Therefore, the proposed lower and upper limits of PSD can come into play when considering mass transfer and scaffold surface area for cell-matrix interaction. C1 [Chiang, Martin Y. M.; Landis, Forrest A.; Wang, Xianfeng; Smith, Jack R.; Cicerone, Marcus T.; Dunkers, Joy] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Luo, Yanfeng] Chongqing Univ, Dept Bioengn, Chongqing 630044, Peoples R China. RP Chiang, MYM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM martin.chiang@nist.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1937-3384 J9 TISSUE ENG PART C-ME JI Tissue Eng. Part C-Methods PD MAR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 1 BP 65 EP 76 DI 10.1089/ten.tec.2008.0298 PG 12 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 415DE UT WOS:000263913700007 PM 19061384 ER PT J AU O'Neill, BE Vo, H Angstadt, M Li, KPC Quinn, T Frenkel, V AF O'Neill, Brian E. Vo, Howard Angstadt, Mary Li, King P. C. Quinn, Tim Frenkel, Victor TI PULSED HIGH INTENSITY FOCUSED ULTRASOUND MEDIATED NANOPARTICLE DELIVERY: MECHANISMS AND EFFICACY IN MURINE MUSCLE SO ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pulsed-high intensity focused ultrasound; Nanoparticle delivery; Hyperthermia; Cavitation; Radiation force ID IN-VIVO; MODEL; TUMOR; HYPERTHERMIA; THROMBOLYSIS; CAVITATION; THERAPY; BRAIN; VITRO; BEAM AB High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is generally thought to interact with biological tissues in two ways: hyperthermia (heat) and acoustic cavitation. Pulsed mode HIFU has recently been demonstrated to increase the efficacy of a variety of drug therapies. Generally, it is presumed that the treatment acts to temporarily increase the permeability of the tissue to the therapeutic agent, however, the precise mechanism remains in dispute. In this article, we present evidence precluding hyperthermia as a principal mechanism for enhancing delivery, using a quantitative analysis of systemically administered fluorescent nanoparticles delivered to muscle in the calves of mice. Comparisons were carried out on the degree of enhancement between an equivalent heat treatment, delivered without ultrasound, and that of the pulsed-HIFU itself. In the murine calf muscle, Pulsed-RIFU treatment resulted in a significant increase in distribution of 200 nm particles (p < 0.016, n = 6), while the equivalent thermal (lose showed no significant increase. Additional studies using this tissue/agent model also demonstrated that the pulsed HIFU enhancing effects persist for more than 24 h, which is longer than that of hyperthermia and acoustic cavitation, and offers the possibility of a novel third mechanism for mediating delivery. (E-mail: vfrenkel@cc.nih.gov) Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology. C1 [O'Neill, Brian E.; Vo, Howard; Angstadt, Mary; Li, King P. C.; Frenkel, Victor] NIH, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [O'Neill, Brian E.; Quinn, Tim] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Frenkel, V (reprint author), NIH, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Ctr Clin, Bldg 10,Room 1N306A,10 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM vfrenkel@cc.nih.gov FU National Institutes of Health FX The authors thank Dr. Matthew R. Dreher for thoughtfully providing insights into the complexities of drug delivery, some of which are addressed in this manuscript and Dr. Bradford J. Wood for support of this work. We also thank Ms. Hilary Hancock for editing the manuscript and providing helpful editorial suggestions. The work was done under the auspices of the Research Associateship Program of the National Academies of Sciences, and was supported in part by the intra-mural research program of the Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health. NR 30 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0301-5629 J9 ULTRASOUND MED BIOL JI Ultrasound Med. Biol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 35 IS 3 BP 416 EP 424 DI 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2008.09.021 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 413RW UT WOS:000263811200009 PM 19081668 ER PT J AU White, SN Alber, M AF White, Susan N. Alber, Merryl TI DROUGHT-ASSOCIATED SHIFTS IN SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA AND S-CYNOSUROIDES IN THE ALTAMAHA RIVER ESTUARY SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE coastal indicators; freshwater inflow; salinity; vegetation; water resource management ID SALT-MARSH DIEBACK; FRESH-WATER MARSH; PLANT ZONATION; GEORGIA; VEGETATION; SALINITY; IMPACT AB In estuarine systems, informed water resource management decisions rely, in part, on evaluating how changes in freshwater inflow and salinity affect a selected management target (i.e., habitat or organismal changes). This study examined the distribution or Spartina alterniflora and S. cynosuriodes species along the Altamaha River estuary in Georgia in association with an extensive drought, during which time freshwater inflow decreased considerably and salty water encroached into previously brackish areas. Bankside vegetation was surveyed along the length of the estuary at the beginning and end of the drought (2000, 2002), and again in 2004 after flows had increased. In addition, a removal experiment, in which one or the other plant was removed from naturally mixed communities, was conducted the drought (2001-2002). In all surveys, S. cynosuroides densities decreased at a location that corresponded to where average high tide salinities were > 14 psu, such that the downstream border shifted from approximately 3 to 6 kill from the mouth of the river between 2000 and 2002 and then back to 3 kill ill 2004. Although the peak density of S. alterniflora also shifted upstream between 2000 and 2002, upstream densities were high in 2004 and plant distribution did not correspond with salinity. Ill the removal experiment. densities and relative % cover of S. alterniflora increased in all treatments (including controls), whereas densities of'S. cynosuroides remained relatively constant except ill treatments where it was purposely removed. We interpret these results to suggest that S. alterniflora is a strong invader that can expand into new habitat under stressful (increased salinity, low flow) conditions. and that once it is established it call co-exist with S. cynosuroides. The more rapid response of S. cynosuroides (shifts occured within 2 years) suggests that its downstream limit is a potential indicator of changes in inflow conditions in this system. C1 [White, Susan N.; Alber, Merryl] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP White, SN (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Human Hlth Risk, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Susan.White@noaa.gov FU Georgia Coastal Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research [OCE 99-82133, OCE-0620959] FX We thank the following people for their assistance in conducting this research: G. Albers. T. Bishop. J. Carpenter, L. Cloci, J. Flory. S. Franks. B. Girl. K. Helm, C. McFarlin, M. Palta, C. Richards. S. Pennings, W. Sheldon, J. Sheldon, and M. Watkins and research staff from the Georgia Department of Natural Resources including B. Good, D. Guadagnoli, J. Huntington, and J. MacKinnon. and P. Christian from the University of Georgia Marine Extension Service. Funding for this project was provided by the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research Program (NSF Awards OCE 99-82133 and OCE-0620959). NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 215 EP 224 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 434SN UT WOS:000265294500022 ER PT J AU Hanks, LM Barbour, JD Kratz, K Webb, WC AF Hanks, Lawrence M. Barbour, James D. Kratz, Kim Webb, William C. TI Ad Libitum Water Source for a Common Raven SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DESERT; DRINKING; BEHAVIOR; ARIZONA; BIRDS AB We report a Common Raven (Corvus coral) that learned to turn on a water faucet in a camp-ground at Death Valley National Park, lily County, California, USA, and drink from it. Ad libitum availability of water has important implications for survival and reproductive success of desert birds. Ravens commonly exploit anthropogenic sources of water and food; these behaviors are of interest because ravens can be important predators of the federally-threatened desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). Our observation is further evidence of the resourcefulness of ravens and challenges involved in limiting access to anthropogenic resources for an intelligent, subsidized predator. Received 14 January 2008. Accepted 6 June 2008. C1 [Hanks, Lawrence M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Barbour, James D.] Univ Idaho, SW Idaho Res & Extens Ctr, Parma, ID 83660 USA. [Kratz, Kim] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Webb, William C.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hanks, LM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM hanks@life.uiuc.edu NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 121 IS 1 BP 210 EP 212 DI 10.1676/08-004.1 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 585DB UT WOS:000276803400032 ER PT J AU Dudowicz, J Douglas, JF Freed, KF AF Dudowicz, Jacek Douglas, Jack F. Freed, Karl F. TI Competition between self-assembly and surface adsorption SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE adsorption; biochemistry; enthalpy; heat of adsorption; molecular biophysics; polymerisation; self-assembly; thermochemistry ID PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; AMYLOID FIBRIL FORMATION; LATTICE MODEL; LIVING POLYMERIZATION; EQUILIBRIUM POLYMERIZATION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN; FIBRILLOGENESIS; PEPTIDE; FTSZ AB We investigate a minimal equilibrium polymerization model for the competition between self-assembly on a boundary and in solution that arises when an assembling system is in the presence of an adsorbing interface. Adsorption generally occurs upon cooling, but assembly (equilibrium polymerization) may arise either upon cooling or heating. Both cases are shown to exhibit a coupling between adsorption and self-assembly. When both assembly and adsorption proceed upon cooling, a change in the ratio of the enthalpy of adsorption to the enthalpy of assembly in solution can switch the system between a predominance of self-assembly in solution to assembly on the substrate. If assembly is promoted by heating and adsorption by cooling, as in many self-assembling proteins in aqueous solution, then a self-assembly analog of a closed loop phase boundary is found. In particular, the order parameter for assembly on the surface exhibits a peak as a function of temperature. As demonstrated by illustrative examples, the coupling between surface adsorption and self-assembly provides a powerful means of switching self-assembly processes on and off. Understanding and controlling this switching phenomenon will be useful in designing and directing self-assembly processes on surfaces for applications to nanomanufacturing and in developing treatments for diseases arising from pathological adsorption-induced assembly. C1 [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dudowicz, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM dudowicz@jfi.uchicago.edu; jack.douglas@nist.gov; freed@uchicago.edu FU NSF [CHE-0749788.] FX This paper was supported, in part, by the NSF under Grant No. CHE-0749788. NR 62 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 28 PY 2009 VL 130 IS 8 AR 084903 DI 10.1063/1.3077866 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 413PE UT WOS:000263804200038 PM 19256623 ER PT J AU Biber, PD Kenworthy, WJ Paerl, HW AF Biber, Patrick D. Kenworthy, W. Judson Paerl, Hans W. TI Experimental analysis of the response and recovery of Zostera marina (L.) and Halodule wrightii (Ascher.) to repeated light-limitation stress SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chlorophyll fluorescence; Halodule wrightii; Light; Recovery; Seagrass; Stress; Zostera marina ID SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION; CULTURED HALOPHILA-OVALIS; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS; HABITAT REQUIREMENTS; DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; GROWTH DYNAMICS; WATER-QUALITY; L EELGRASS AB Seagrasses are considered important indicators of decline in water quality resulting in increased light attenuation that negatively influences their growth and survival. Chronic light-limitation interspersed with unpredictable acute attenuation events have had poorly understood effects on seagrass recovery dynamics. Zostera marina (eelgrass) and Halodule wrightii (shoalgrass) were subject to a matrix of light-deprivation events followed by recovery periods to mimic repeated acute shading events. Plant survival, morphology, biomass, chlorophyll content, and Fv/Fm were assessed over time to determine recovery. At the end of the experiment, all plants were harvested and species-specific treatment effects were determined. Significant differences due to treatments were noted in all parameters measured. In general, responses were similar for both life-stages and between species, suggesting similar physiological tolerance to repeated acute light-attenuation events. Only plants in treatments where light-deprivation was followed by a recovery interval of at least the same duration showed signs of long-term survival. Chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) was an important metric for assessing recovery, but it failed to detect the onset of mortality in many plants. Other metrics of plant condition need to be assessed and coupled with chlorophyll fluorescence data to assess seagrass "health". This is of particular importance in field studies, where the history of the plants is largely unknown. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Biber, Patrick D.; Paerl, Hans W.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Kenworthy, W. Judson] NOAA, NOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Biber, PD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Gulf Coast Res Lab, 703 E Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. EM patrick.biber@usm.edu OI Biber, Patrick/0000-0002-6358-0976 FU EPA-STAR [R82867701]; ACE-INC EaGLes Center FX Thanks to staff at the Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, NCCOS, NOS, NOAA for assistance and use of facilities, and the Institute of Marine Sciences at UNC-Chapel Hill for assistance with data collection. Inspiration for this manuscript came whilst on Stradbroke Isl, QLD, near the site of the stress-recovery studies by BJ Longstaff and WC Dennison. This research was funded by EPA-STAR (R82867701) grant to the investigators and the ACE-INC EaGLes Center (www.aceinc.org). [SS] NR 54 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD FEB 28 PY 2009 VL 369 IS 2 BP 110 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2008.10.031 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 412SQ UT WOS:000263744900005 ER PT J AU Guerry, AD Menge, BA Dunmore, RA AF Guerry, Anne D. Menge, Bruce A. Dunmore, Robyn A. TI Effects of consumers and enrichment on abundance and diversity of benthic algae in a rocky intertidal community SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bottom-up; Grazing; Limpet; New Zealand; Species richness; Top-down ID FUNCTIONAL-GROUP APPROACH; BOTTOM-UP CONTROL; TOP-DOWN CONTROL; NEW-ZEALAND; SHORE COMMUNITIES; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; NITROGEN STATUS; MACROALGAE; POPULATIONS AB Human alteration of nutrient cycling and the densities of important consumers have intensified the importance of understanding how nutrients and consumers influence the structure of ecological systems. We examined the effects of both grazing and nutrient enrichment on algal abundance and diversity in a high-intertidal limpet-macroalgal community on the South Island of New Zealand, a relatively nutrient-poor environment. We used a fully factorial design with three levels each of grazing (manipulations of limpet and snail densities) and nutrients (nutrient-diffusers attached to the rock). Top-down control by grazers appears to be the driving organizing mechanism for algal communities in this system, with strong negative effects of grazing on algal diversity and abundance across all levels of nutrient enrichment. However, in contrast to the conclusions drawn from the analysis of the whole algal community, there was an interactive effect of grazing and enrichment on foliose algae, an important component of the algal system. When herbivory was reduced to very low levels, enrichment generated increases in the abundance and biomass of foliose algae. As expected, top-down control was the primary determinant of algal community structure in this system, controlling abundance and diversity of macrophytes on the upper shore. Contrary to expectations, however, increased nutrients had no community-wide effects, although foliose algal abundance increases were greatest with high nutrients and reduced grazing. It seems likely that most of the corticated algal species have limited capacity to respond to nutrient pulses in this nutrient-poor environment. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Guerry, Anne D.; Menge, Bruce A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Dunmore, Robyn A.] Univ Canterbury, Edward Percival Field Stn, Dept Biol Sci, The Esplanade, Kaikoura, New Zealand. RP Guerry, AD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM anne.guerry@noaa.gov RI Menge, Bruce/I-6571-2012 FU U.S. National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship; A.W. Mellon Foundation; Wayne and Gladys Valley Foundation FX This work would not have been possible without able assistance in the field and lab from numerous individuals. In particular, we would like to thank R. Russell, and S. Lilley. We thank A. Milligan for running the C: N samples. D. Schiel, and J. Van Berkel provided logistical assistance. J. Lubchenco, J. Lawler, R. Russell, and F. Chan were all essential intellectual sounding-boards. For financial support, we thank the U.S. National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship program (to A.D.G.), the A.W. Mellon Foundation (grants to B.A.M., J. Lubchenco, and D. Schiel), and funds from the endowment of the Wayne and Gladys Valley Foundation to B.A.M. [SS] NR 73 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD FEB 28 PY 2009 VL 369 IS 2 BP 155 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2008.11.011 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 412SQ UT WOS:000263744900011 ER PT J AU Li, HB Luo, LF Wood, EF Schaake, J AF Li, Haibin Luo, Lifeng Wood, Eric F. Schaake, John TI The role of initial conditions and forcing uncertainties in seasonal hydrologic forecasting SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SYSTEM; MODEL; PREDICTABILITY; PREDICTION; FLOW AB A series of hydrologic forecasts with lead times up to 6 months are conducted to investigate the relative contributions of atmospheric forcing and hydrologic initial conditions (IC) to the overall errors in hydrologic forecasting during cold and warm seasons. These experiments are known as the ensemble streamflow prediction (ESP) and the reverse-ESP (R-ESP). Analysis of these hindcasts suggests that IC uncertainties outweigh forcing uncertainties thus dominating forecast errors in a short lead time up to about 1 month; at longer lead times, forcing uncertainties become a more important contributor. Further investigation shows that forecast errors at short lead times due to uncertain ICs are mainly determined by the prescribed IC variability, while the evolution of forecast errors due to imperfect atmospheric forcings mainly corresponds to the interannual variability of precipitation. With respect to difference in forecasts initialized in winter and summer times, ICs tend to have longer impacts on warm season forecasts than on cold season ones, due mainly to drier initial moisture state in the summer time. As far as the basin size is concerned, we find that the larger the basin, the stronger the impacts from ICs at short lead times. Small basins are more sensitive to forcing fields. Regardless of basin size, forcing uncertainties dominate relative forecast errors for long lead times. In order to see whether statistically downscaled forcing fields from dynamic climate models are more skillful than traditional ESP, we conducted additional ESP-type experiments using the statistically downscaled climate forecast system (CFS) fields to drive the hydrological model. In comparison to traditional ESP, the IC errors show a larger impact on the forecasts when forced by the CFS fields, which suggests that the latter contains more skill than the traditional ESP approach. C1 [Li, Haibin; Luo, Lifeng; Wood, Eric F.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Schaake, John] NOAA, NWS, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Li, HB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM haibinli@princeton.edu RI Luo, Lifeng/C-8734-2009; Li, Haibin/A-5675-2012 FU NOAA Climate Program Office [NA17RJ2612] FX The research conducted in Princeton University is supported by NOAA Climate Program Office grant NA17RJ2612 "A Hydrologic Ensemble Seasonal Forecast System over the Eastern U.S.'' under the Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA) program. NR 31 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 27 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D04114 DI 10.1029/2008JD010969 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 412OC UT WOS:000263733100005 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Barron, CN Boyer, TP AF Kara, A. B. Barron, C. N. Boyer, T. P. TI Evaluations of SST climatologies in the tropical Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DECADAL VARIABILITY; NORTH PACIFIC; ANNUAL CYCLE; PERFORMANCE; SATELLITE; CLIMATE; SYSTEM; LAYER; SITU AB Accuracies of a total of six sea surface temperature (SST) climatologies are investigated in the tropical Pacific Ocean, spanning latitudes from 30 degrees N to 30 degrees S. Observation-based climatologies are directly obtained from their original sources and typically formed from satellite measurements, in situ data, or a combination of both. Other SST climatologies are constructed from reanalyses of a numerical weather prediction center. All products have different features, each with its own data sources, grid resolutions, interpolation methods, sampling periods, and biases. Even though time periods during which climatologies were formed differ, all products have good agreement with each other, with basin-averaged mean bias values of almost zero and RMS SST differences typically < 0.3 degrees C over the annual cycle. Nondimensional skill scores between the pairs of SST products are close to 1, indicating almost perfect agreement everywhere except in the western equatorial Pacific. Comparisons against an ensemble climatology based on the average of all SST climatologies further reveal the weaknesses and strengths of each product. Additional validations are performed by forming climatologies using SSTs from moored buoys of the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) array during 1986-2005. Overall, very small cold biases of approximate to 0.2 degrees C and near-perfect skill scores are found for all SST climatologies when comparing them with 408-month-long SST time series from 34 buoys. In general, all SST products are generally accurate enough to be used for various climate applications. C1 [Kara, A. B.; Barron, C. N.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Boyer, T. P.] NOAA Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kara, AB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7320,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM birol.kara@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008 FU Multisensor Improved Sea Surface Temperature (MISST); Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE); NRL/JA/7320/08/8257 FX We acknowledge J. Metzger of NRL for his help in archiving SST products. Numerous discussions with A. Wallcraft of NRL and Wei-Yin Loh of Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, are acknowledged. The TAO project office is thanked for providing daily buoy SSTs used for evaluations of climatological products. Additional thanks go to the reviewers for their thoughtful and constructive suggestions. This research is funded by Multisensor Improved Sea Surface Temperature (MISST) for Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) project. This paper is contribution NRL/JA/7320/08/8257 and has been approved for public release. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 27 PY 2009 VL 114 AR C02021 DI 10.1029/2008JC004909 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 412PH UT WOS:000263736200002 ER PT J AU Peterson, AW Halter, M Tona, A Bhadriraju, K Plant, AL AF Peterson, Alexander W. Halter, Michael Tona, Alessandro Bhadriraju, Kiran Plant, Anne L. TI Surface plasmon resonance imaging of cells and surface-associated fibronectin SO BMC CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; REAL-TIME; MICROSCOPY; ADHESION; DNA; HYBRIDIZATION; MICROARRAYS; ADSORPTION; ATTACHMENT; MONOLAYERS AB Background: A critical challenge in cell biology is quantifying the interactions of cells with their extracellular matrix (ECM) environment and the active remodeling by cells of their ECM. Fluorescence microscopy is a commonly employed technique for examining cell-matrix interactions. A label-free imaging method would provide an alternative that would eliminate the requirement of transfected cells and modified biological molecules, and if collected nondestructively, would allow long term observation and analysis of live cells. Results: Using surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI), the deposition of protein by vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMC) cultured on fibronectin was quantified as a function of cell density and distance from the cell periphery. We observed that as much as 120 ng/cm(2) of protein was deposited by cells in 24 h. Conclusion: SPRI is a real-time, low-light-level, label-free imaging technique that allows the simultaneous observation and quantification of protein layers and cellular features. This technique is compatible with live cells such that it is possible to monitor cellular modifications to the extracellular matrix in real-time. C1 [Peterson, Alexander W.; Halter, Michael; Plant, Anne L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Cell & Tissue Measurements Grp, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tona, Alessandro; Bhadriraju, Kiran] SAIC, Arlington, VA USA. RP Peterson, AW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Cell & Tissue Measurements Grp, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alexander.peterson@nist.gov; michael.halter@nist.gov; alex.tona@nist.gov; kiran.bhadriraju@nist.gov; anne.plant@nist.gov RI Halter, Michael/F-9795-2011 NR 45 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 32 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2121 J9 BMC CELL BIOL JI BMC Cell Biol. PD FEB 26 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 16 DI 10.1186/1471-2121-10-16 PG 17 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 429JG UT WOS:000264916100002 PM 19245706 ER PT J AU Leuliette, EW Miller, L AF Leuliette, Eric W. Miller, Laury TI Closing the sea level rise budget with altimetry, Argo, and GRACE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB An analysis of the steric and ocean mass components of sea level shows that the sea level rise budget for the period January 2004 to December 2007 can be closed. Using corrected and verified Jason-1 and Envisat altimetry observations of total sea level, upper ocean steric sea level from the Argo array, and ocean mass variations inferred from GRACE gravity mission observations, we find that the sum of steric sea level and the ocean mass component has a trend of 1.5 +/- 1.0 mm/a over the period, in agreement with the total sea level rise observed by either Jason-1 (2.4 +/- 1.1 mm/a) or Envisat (2.7 +/- 1.5 mm/a) within a 95% confidence interval. Citation: Leuliette, E. W., and L. Miller ( 2009), Closing the sea level rise budget with altimetry, Argo, and GRACE, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L04608, doi: 10.1029/2008GL036010. C1 [Leuliette, Eric W.; Miller, Laury] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Leuliette, EW (reprint author), NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, 1335 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM eric.leuliette@noaa.gov RI Leuliette, Eric/D-1527-2010; Miller, Laury/B-8305-2011 OI Leuliette, Eric/0000-0002-3425-4039; Miller, Laury/0000-0003-3095-5804 NR 20 TC 103 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 25 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L04608 DI 10.1029/2008GL036010 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 412MY UT WOS:000263730100001 ER PT J AU Parrington, M Jones, DBA Bowman, KW Thompson, AM Tarasick, DW Merrill, J Oltmans, SJ Leblanc, T Witte, JC Millet, DB AF Parrington, M. Jones, D. B. A. Bowman, K. W. Thompson, A. M. Tarasick, D. W. Merrill, J. Oltmans, S. J. Leblanc, T. Witte, J. C. Millet, D. B. TI Impact of the assimilation of ozone from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer on surface ozone across North America SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB We examine the impact of assimilating ozone observations from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) on North American surface ozone abundances in the GEOS-Chem model in August 2006. The assimilation reduces the negative bias in the modeled free tropospheric ozone, which enhances the ozone flux into the boundary layer. Surface ozone abundances increased by as much as 9 ppb in western North America and by less than 2 ppb in the southeast, resulting in a total background source of ozone of 20-40 ppb. The enhanced ozone in the model reduced the model bias with respect to surface ozone observations in the western USA, but exacerbated it in the east. This increase in the bias in the boundary layer in the east, despite the agreement between the assimilation and ozonesonde measurements in the free troposphere, suggests errors in the ozone sources or sinks or in boundary layer mixing in the model. Citation: Parrington, M., D. B. A. Jones, K. W. Bowman, A. M. Thompson, D. W. Tarasick, J. Merrill, S. J. Oltmans, T. Leblanc, J. C. Witte, and D. B. Millet ( 2009), Impact of the assimilation of ozone from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer on surface ozone across North America, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L04802, doi: 10.1029/2008GL036935. C1 [Parrington, M.; Jones, D. B. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Bowman, K. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Thompson, A. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Tarasick, D. W.] Meteorol Serv Ctr, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Merrill, J.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02881 USA. [Oltmans, S. J.] NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Leblanc, T.] CALTECH, Table Mt Facil, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA. [Witte, J. C.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Millet, D. B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Parrington, M (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. EM mark.parrington@utoronto.ca RI Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Parrington, Mark/E-7148-2013; Jones, Dylan/O-2475-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014; OI Parrington, Mark/0000-0003-4313-6218; Jones, Dylan/0000-0002-1935-3725; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692 FU Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; NASA FX This work was supported by funding from the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council. We thank an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments. The GEOS-Chem model is maintained at Harvard University with support from the NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program. The IONS-06 ozonesondes were sponsored by NASA ( Tropospheric Chemistry Program), NOAA/ESRL Global Monitoring Division, and Environment Canada/MSC Ozone group. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 25 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L04802 DI 10.1029/2008GL036935 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 412MY UT WOS:000263730100006 ER PT J AU Schmit, TJ Rabin, RM Bachmeier, AS Li, J Gunshor, MM Steigerwaldt, H Schreiner, AJ Aune, RM Wade, GS AF Schmit, Timothy J. Rabin, Robert M. Bachmeier, A. Scott Li, Jun Gunshor, Mathew M. Steigerwaldt, Henry Schreiner, Anthony J. Aune, Robert M. Wade, Gary S. TI Many uses of the geostationary operational environmental satellite-10 sounder and imager during a high inclination state SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE rapid scan; imager; sounder; remap; fog; convection ID GENERATION AB Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-10 was the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) operational GOES-West satellite for approximately eight years until it was retired as an operational satellite due to an ever increasing inclination in its orbit. Since its retirement, GOES-10 has been used for a number of applications, such as, special 1-minute imagery over parts of North America during its move to 60 degrees West longitude, routine imagery of the Southern Hemisphere, the first operational Sounder coverage over South America, initialization of regional numerical weather prediction models, and even temporary recalled as the operational GOES-East satellite during a major GOES-12 anomaly. Products from the GOES-10 Sounder and/or Imager include: imagery, cloud-top parameters, atmospheric stability indices, total precipitable water vapor, motion vector winds, volcanic ash detection, fire detection and characterization, and precipitation. As the mission of GOES-10 has continued beyond its retirement as an official operational US satellite, already lasting more than double its five-year life expectancy, many countries have been afforded the opportunity to benefit from ongoing GOES-10 measurements. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the history of GOES-10, especially the unique situation of GOES-10 operating in support of central and South America after its operational use. C1 [Schmit, Timothy J.; Aune, Robert M.; Wade, Gary S.] NOAA, NESDIS Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Adv Satellite Prod Branch, Madison, WI USA. [Rabin, Robert M.] NOAA, NSSL, Norman, OK USA. [Bachmeier, A. Scott; Li, Jun; Gunshor, Mathew M.; Schreiner, Anthony J.] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI USA. [Steigerwaldt, Henry] NOAA, NWS, Nashville, TN USA. RP Schmit, TJ (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Adv Satellite Prod Branch, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI USA. EM tim.j.schmit@noaa.gov; bob.rabin@ssec.wisc.edu; scott.bachmeier@ssec.wisc.edu; jun.li@ssec.wisc.edu; matg@ssec.wisc.edu; henry.steigerwaldt@noaa.gov; tonys@ssec.wisc.edu; robert.aune@noaa.gov; gary.s.wade@noa.gov RI Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010; Aune, Robert/F-5572-2010; Wade, Gary S./F-5630-2010; Li, Jun/H-3579-2015 OI Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627 FU NOAA [NA06NES4400002] FX The authors would like to thank the many that contributed to the generation of the GOES-10 Imager and Sounder data streams. Drs. Jim Purdom and W. Paul Menzel are especially thanked as advocates for the central GOES 'StormSat' concept. NOAA is thanked for the production of the GVAR data. Special thanks go to Dee Wade and her SSEC Data Center staff who acquired the GOES-10 data at SSEC, to Dave Jones who reconfigured the antennas on very short notice, and to others who helped 'peak' the antenna on weekends before a tracking antenna was acquired. T. Schott and the NOAA/NESDIS Office of Systems Development are thanked for the support for a tracking antenna and the Sounder processing system. The authors would also like to thank the entire XGOHI team: Keith McKenzie, Jim Carr, Shahram Tehranian, and Chris Schmidt. The GOES-10 operational committee, lead by Cindy Hampton of the NOAA/NESDIS Office of Satellite Operations (OSO) is thanked. James P. Nelson III and Zhenglong Li of the Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS) are thanked for their efforts with the GOES-10 Sounder retrieval processing. Gregg Gallina, NOAA, is acknowledged for his expertise on the Tungurahua eruption. The SSEC Man computer Interactive Data Access System (McIDAS) was used to create each image, with the exception of Video 9. This study was partially supported by NOAA grant (NA06NES4400002). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD FEB 25 PY 2009 VL 3 AR 033514 DI 10.1117/1.3099709 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 520SQ UT WOS:000271868700001 ER PT J AU Lack, DA Corbett, JJ Onasch, T Lerner, B Massoli, P Quinn, PK Bates, TS Covert, DS Coffman, D Sierau, B Herndon, S Allan, J Baynard, T Lovejoy, E Ravishankara, AR Williams, E AF Lack, Daniel A. Corbett, James J. Onasch, Timothy Lerner, Brian Massoli, Paola Quinn, Patricia K. Bates, Timothy S. Covert, David S. Coffman, Derek Sierau, Berko Herndon, Scott Allan, James Baynard, Tahllee Lovejoy, Edward Ravishankara, A. R. Williams, Eric TI Particulate emissions from commercial shipping: Chemical, physical, and optical properties SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; FUEL OILS; PARTICLES; SHIPS; CLOUDS; IMPACT; OCEAN; CALIBRATION AB We characterize particulate emissions on the basis of chemical, physical, and optical properties from commercial vessels. Observations during the Texas Air Quality Study/Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study 2006 field campaign provide chemical and physical characteristics including sulfate (SO42-) mass, organic matter (OM) mass, black carbon (BC) mass, particulate matter (PM) mass, number concentrations (condensation nuclei (CN) > 5 nm), and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Optical characterization included multiple wavelength visible light absorption and extinction, extinction relative humidity dependence, and single scatter albedo (SSA). The global contribution of shipping PM was calculated to be 0.90 Tg a(-1), in good agreement with previous inventories (0.91 and 1.13 Tg a(-1) from Eyring et al. (2005a) and Wang et al. [ 2008]). Observed PM composition was 46% SO42-, 39% OM, and 15% BC and differs from inventories that used 81%, 14%, and 5% and 31%, 63%, and 6% SO42-, OM, and BC, respectively. SO42- and OM mass were found to be dependent on fuel sulfur content as were SSA, hygroscopicity, and CCN concentrations. BC mass was dependent on engine type and combustion efficiency. A plume evolution study conducted on one vessel showed conservation of particle light absorption, decrease in CN > 5 nm, increase in particle hygroscopicity, and an increase in average particle size with distance from emission. These results suggest emission of small nucleation mode particles that subsequently coagulate/condense onto larger BC and OM. This work contributes to an improved understanding of the impacts of ship emissions on climate and air quality and will also assist in determining potential effects of altering fuel standards. C1 [Lack, Daniel A.; Lerner, Brian; Massoli, Paola; Baynard, Tahllee; Lovejoy, Edward; Ravishankara, A. R.; Williams, Eric] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Corbett, James J.] Univ Delaware, Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Covert, David S.; Sierau, Berko] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Onasch, Timothy; Herndon, Scott] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Lack, Daniel A.; Lerner, Brian; Massoli, Paola; Baynard, Tahllee; Williams, Eric] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Quinn, Patricia K.; Bates, Timothy S.; Coffman, Derek] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lack, DA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. EM daniel.-lack@noaa.gov RI Corbett, James/B-3321-2009; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Allan, James/B-1160-2010; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Corbett, James/0000-0002-2588-3474; Allan, James/0000-0001-6492-4876; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; FU NOAA climate program FX This work was funded by the NOAA climate program. Thanks to the crew of the Ronald H. Brown and to Charles Brock, Daniel Murphy, and Lindy Johnson for helpful discussions. NR 67 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 39 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 25 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D00F04 DI 10.1029/2008JD011300 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 412NZ UT WOS:000263732800004 ER PT J AU Li, B Luo, ZQ Shi, L Zhou, JP Rabenberg, L Ho, PS Allen, RA Cresswell, MW AF Li, Bin Luo, Zhiquan Shi, Li Zhou, JiPing Rabenberg, Lew Ho, Paul S. Allen, Richard A. Cresswell, Michael W. TI Controlled formation and resistivity scaling of nickel silicide nanolines SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; FUSI GATES; NANOWIRE; NISI; CMOS; PERFORMANCE; TECHNOLOGY AB We demonstrate a top-down method for fabricating nickel mono-silicide (NiSi) nanolines (also referred to as nanowires) with smooth sidewalls and line widths down to 15 nm. Four-probe electrical measurements reveal that the room temperature electrical resistivity of the NiSi nanolines remains constant as the line widths are reduced to 23 nm. The resistivity at cryogenic temperatures is found to increase with decreasing line width. This finding can be attributed to electron scattering at the sidewalls and is used to deduce an electron mean free path of 6.3 nm for NiSi at room temperature. The results suggest that NiSi nanolines with smooth sidewalls are able to meet the requirements for implementation at the 22 nm technology node without degradation of device performance. C1 [Li, Bin; Luo, Zhiquan; Ho, Paul S.] Univ Texas Austin, Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Shi, Li; Zhou, JiPing; Rabenberg, Lew] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Shi, Li; Rabenberg, Lew] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Allen, Richard A.; Cresswell, Michael W.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, B (reprint author), Intel Corp, 5000 W Chandler Blvd, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. RI Shi, Li/C-8123-2013 OI Shi, Li/0000-0002-5401-6839 FU Microelectronic Research Center (MER); Center of Nano and Molecular Science and Technology (CNM); National Institute of Standards and Technology, Office of Microelectronics Programs FX The fabrication and characterization experiments were carried out in the Microelectronic Research Center (MER) and the Center of Nano and Molecular Science and Technology (CNM) at The University of Texas at Austin. This work is supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Office of Microelectronics Programs. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD FEB 25 PY 2009 VL 20 IS 8 AR 085304 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/20/8/085304 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 403GM UT WOS:000263071100012 PM 19417448 ER PT J AU Fogt, RL Perlwitz, J Pawson, S Olsen, MA AF Fogt, Ryan L. Perlwitz, Judith Pawson, Steven Olsen, Mark A. TI Intra-annual relationships between polar ozone and the SAM SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRENDS AB Observed co-variations between polar total column ozone and the Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode (SAM) during 1962-2004 are presented and evaluated in a chemistry-climate model (CCM). Results show that austral spring total column ozone variability at South Pole is significantly related to the SAM, perhaps up to four months later; this relationship is only seen in simulations that include ozone depletion. The austral spring SAM also is linked to following late spring - early summer total column ozone over the polar cap, since both respond to the wave-driving of the stratosphere. Overall, the CCM captures many of the observed ozone-SAM links, but over-predicts the relationship between spring ozone and austral summer SAM, as a consequence of the delayed breakdown of the polar vortex in the CCM. Citation: Fogt, R. L., J. Perlwitz, S. Pawson, and M. A. Olsen (2009), Intra-annual relationships between polar ozone and the SAM, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L04707, doi: 10.1029/2008GL036627. C1 [Fogt, Ryan L.; Perlwitz, Judith] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Olsen, Mark A.] NASA, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pawson, Steven] NASA, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Perlwitz, Judith] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Fogt, RL (reprint author), NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ryan.fogt@noaa.gov RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008; Fogt, Ryan/B-6989-2008; Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014 OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442; Fogt, Ryan/0000-0002-5398-3990; Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X FU NASA; National Research Council FX This work was supported by the NASA Modeling and Analysis Program and used high-end computational resources provided by NASA's Columbia Project. R. Fogt's contribution was supported by the National Research Council Research Associateship Programs. We thank Sam Oltmans of NOAA's Global Monitoring Division for kindly providing the total column ozone data for the South Pole. Ozone data for Syowa were obtained through the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre. Discussions with Susan Solomon and the comments from two anonymous reviewers helped to improve the manuscript in several places and are greatly appreciated. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 24 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L04707 DI 10.1029/2008GL036627 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 412MV UT WOS:000263729800004 ER PT J AU des Roziers, EB Li, X Baker, DN Fritz, TA Friedel, R Onsager, TG Dandouras, I AF des Roziers, E. Burin Li, X. Baker, D. N. Fritz, T. A. Friedel, R. Onsager, T. G. Dandouras, I. TI Energetic plasma sheet electrons and their relationship with the solar wind: A Cluster and Geotail study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ADVANCED COMPOSITION EXPLORER; EARTHS MAGNETOTAIL; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; ION COMPOSITION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS; GEOMAGNETIC CONDITIONS; ALPHA MONITOR; DISTANT TAIL AB The statistical relationship between tens of kiloelectron volts plasma sheet electrons and the solar wind, as well as > 2 MeV geosynchronous electrons, is investigated using plasma sheet measurements from Cluster (2001-2005) and Geotail (1998-2005) and concurrent solar wind measurements from ACE. Plasma sheet selection criteria from previous studies are compared, and this study selects a new combination of criteria that are valid for both polar-orbiting and equatorial-orbiting satellites. Plasma sheet measurements are mapped to the point of minimum vertical bar B vertical bar, using the Tsyganenko T96 magnetic field model, to remove measurements taken on open field lines, which reduces the scatter in the results. Statistically, plasma sheet electron flux variations are compared to solar wind velocity, density, dynamic pressure, interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) B(z), and solar wind energetic electrons, as well as > 2 MeV electrons at geosynchronous orbit. Several new results are revealed: (1) There is a strong positive correlation between energetic plasma sheet electrons and solar wind velocity, (2) this correlation is valid throughout the plasma sheet and extends to distances of X(GSM) = -30 R(E),, (3) there is evidence of a weak negative correlation between energetic plasma sheet electrons and solar wind density, (4) energetic plasma sheet electrons are enhanced during times of southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), (5) there is no clear correlation between energetic plasma sheet electrons and solar wind electrons of comparable energies, and (6) there is a strong correlation between energetic electrons (> 38 keV) in the plasma sheet and > 2 MeV electrons at geosynchronous orbit measured 2 days later. C1 [des Roziers, E. Burin; Li, X.; Baker, D. N.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Onsager, T. G.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fritz, T. A.] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, CAS Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Friedel, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dandouras, I.] Univ Toulouse 3, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. RP des Roziers, EB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, 1234 Innovat Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM burindes@colorado.edu RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012; OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281; Dandouras, Iannis/0000-0002-7121-1118 FU Cluster/RAPID FX We thank N.A. Tsyganenko for providing access to his T96 magnetic field model, S. Elkington for helpful discussion, and S. Monk for assistance in programming. This study was mainly supported by Cluster/RAPID funding. NR 62 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 24 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A02220 DI 10.1029/2008JA013696 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 412PY UT WOS:000263737900003 ER PT J AU Aamer, KA Stafford, CM Richter, LJ Kohn, J Becker, ML AF Aamer, Khaled A. Stafford, Christopher M. Richter, Lee J. Kohn, Joachim Becker, Matthew L. TI Thin Film Elastic Modulus of Degradable Tyrosine-Derived Polycarbonate Biomaterials and Their Blends SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED DEPOLARIZATION CURRENTS; BUCKLING-BASED METROLOGY; ULTRATHIN POLYMER-FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RELAXATION MECHANISMS; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); GLASS-TRANSITION; POLYARYLATES; NANOSTRUCTURES; SCAFFOLDS AB The integrity, function, and performance of biomedical devices having thin polymeric coatings are critically dependent on the mechanical properties of the film, including the elastic modulus. In this report, the elastic moduli of several tyrosine-derived polycarbonate thin films, specifically desaminotyrosyl ethyl tyrosine polycarbonates p(DTE carbonate), an iodinated derivative P(I(2)-DTE carbonate), and several discrete blends are measured using a method based on surface wrinkling. The data shows that the elastic modulus does not vary significantly with the blend composition as the weight percentage Of P(I(2)-DTE carbonate) increases for films of uniform thickness in the range of 67 to 200 nm. As a function of film thickness, the observed elastic moduli of p(DTE carbonate), p(I(2)-DTE carbonate) and their 50:50 by mass blend show little variation over the range 30 to 200 nm. C1 [Aamer, Khaled A.; Stafford, Christopher M.; Becker, Matthew L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Richter, Lee J.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kohn, Joachim] Rutgers State Univ, New Jersy Ctr Biomat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Aamer, KA (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM khaled.aamer@nist.gov; mlbecker@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 FU NIH [P41 EB001046] FX The polymers were synthesized at the New Jersey Center for Biomaterials supported by "RESBIO"-the Integrated Resource for Polymeric Biomaterials (NIH Grant P41 EB001046). NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD FEB 24 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 4 BP 1212 EP 1218 DI 10.1021/ma802115b PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 408IW UT WOS:000263429700046 PM 21572899 ER PT J AU Lee, S Tirumala, VR Nagao, M Tominaga, T Lin, EK Gong, JP Wu, WL AF Lee, Sanghun Tirumala, Vijay R. Nagao, Michihiro Tominaga, Taiki Lin, Eric K. Gong, Jian Ping Wu, Wen-li TI Dynamics in Multicomponent Polyelectrolyte Solutions SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-NETWORK HYDROGELS; NEUTRON SPIN-ECHO; TERNARY POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; HIGH MECHANICAL STRENGTH; WEAKLY CHARGED POLYMERS; HYDRODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS; ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS; SCATTERING PROPERTIES; MIXTURES; SURFACES AB Double-network hydrogels (DN-gels) prepared from the combination of a moderately cross-linked anionic polyelectrolyte (poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid), PAMPS) and an un-cross-linked linear polymer (polyacrylamide, PAAm) Solution show strong mechanical properties far superior to that of their individual Constituents. To determine the origin of the superior properties of DN-gels, we investigated the structure and the chain dynamics of model PAMPS/PAAm solution blends using small-angle neutron scattering and neutron spin-echo measurements. Akcasu's dynamic scattering theory fora multicomponent System is modified to include polyelectrolytes, and the resulting equation describes well the neutron spin-echo results over the entire wavevector ran,ye covered in our experiments, Parameters such as effective solvent viscosity were deduced from the measured data using the modified Akcasu equation. Both the relaxation time at large length scales (10-100 nm) and the segmental diffusion coefficient at short length scales (1-10 A) or the effective solvent viscosity show good accordance with the macroscopic rheological behavior of the solution blends. C1 [Lee, Sanghun; Tirumala, Vijay R.; Tominaga, Taiki; Lin, Eric K.; Wu, Wen-li] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Nagao, Michihiro] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, WL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wenli@nist.gov RI Gong, Jian Ping/B-7019-2009; OI Gong, Jian Ping/0000-0003-2228-2750; Tominaga, Taiki/0000-0002-6782-6005 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan FX All the neutron measurements were conducted at the NIST Center for Neutron Research some of the neutron facilities used are supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0454672. J.P.G. acknowledges a Grant-in-Aid for fundamental research and a Grant-in-Aid for Creative Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD FEB 24 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 4 BP 1293 EP 1299 DI 10.1021/ma802217m PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 408IW UT WOS:000263429700057 ER PT J AU Rahatekar, SS Koziol, KK Kline, SR Hobbie, EK Gilman, JW Windle, AH AF Rahatekar, Sameer S. Koziol, Krzysztof K. Kline, Steven R. Hobbie, Erik K. Gilman, Jeffrey W. Windle, Alan H. TI Length-Dependent Mechanics of Carbon-Nanotube Networks SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ACTIN NETWORKS; NANOCOMPOSITES; GELS; CONDUCTIVITY; FLAMMABILITY; ELASTICITY; BEHAVIOR; STRESS; FIBER AB The microstructure and deformation mechanics of carbon-nantotube networks are measured, and demonstrate a crossover from strain-induced deformation, dominated by aggregates of short rigid nanorods, to deformation dominated by individual long semi-flexible nanotubes. Our results suggest that short nanotubes provide the same network attributes as long ones at modestly higher concentrations, but with a significantly lower network yield stress, which implies better processability. C1 [Rahatekar, Sameer S.; Kline, Steven R.; Hobbie, Erik K.; Gilman, Jeffrey W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Koziol, Krzysztof K.; Windle, Alan H.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. RP Hobbie, EK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM erik.hobbie@nist.gov; jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov RI Koziol, Krzysztof/E-3626-2010; Rahatekar, Sameer/A-6008-2012; Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013 OI Koziol, Krzysztof/0000-0002-8360-1121; NR 35 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 30 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD FEB 23 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 8 BP 874 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200802670 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 416WC UT WOS:000264035200003 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DE Sheiko, BA AF Stevenson, Duane E. Sheiko, Boris A. TI Clarification of the Lycodes diapterus Species Complex (Perciformes: Zoarcidae), with Comments on the Subgenus Furcimanus SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; TELEOSTEI; ALASKA; SEA AB Lycodes diapterus, the type species of Furcimanus, has been divided Into as many as three subspecies (L. diapterus diapterus, L. d. beringi, and L. d. nakamurae). Although L. d. nakamurae has been broadly recognized as a distinct species by recent authors, the status of L. d. beringi Is unresolved, and several authors have noted the need for a comprehensive morphological study of L. diapterus. Based on an examination of nearly 500 specimens collected from Kamchatka to California, we herein recognize Lycodes beringi as a valid species distinguished from L. diapterus by meristics and squamation. Lycodes beringi is distributed from southeastern Kamchatka through the Bering Sea, Commander and Aleutian Islands, Gulf of Alaska, and south along the North American west coast to Puget Sound, while L. diapterus ranges from the Pacific coast of Vancouver Island south along the U.S. west coast to southern California. In this report we document the morphological variation present in L. diapterus and L. beringi and designate a lectotype for L. beringi. We also provide diagnoses, descriptions, and distribution information for both forms, and compare them with closely related congeners, providing comments on the subgenus Furcimanus. C1 [Stevenson, Duane E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Sheiko, Boris A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. RP Stevenson, DE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM duane.stevenson@noaa.gov; bsheiko@mail.ru NR 29 TC 2 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD FEB 23 PY 2009 IS 1 BP 125 EP 137 DI 10.1643/CI-08-069 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 412TV UT WOS:000263748000017 ER PT J AU Doyle, AD Wang, FW Matsumoto, K Yamada, KM AF Doyle, Andrew D. Wang, Francis W. Matsumoto, Kazue Yamada, Kenneth M. TI One-dimensional topography underlies three-dimensional fibrillar cell migration SO JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE STABILIZATION; FIBROBLAST MOVEMENT; FOCAL ADHESIONS; MATRIX; 3D; MICROTUBULES; ATTACHMENT; LOCOMOTION; ACTOMYOSIN; SUBSTRATE AB Current concepts of cell migration were established in regular two-dimensional (2D) cell culture, but the roles of topography are poorly understood for cells migrating in an oriented 3D fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM). We use a novel micropatterning technique termed microphotopatterning (mu PP) to identify functions for 1D fibrillar patterns in 3D cell migration. In striking contrast to 2D, cell migration in both 1D and 3D is rapid, uniaxial, independent of ECM ligand density, and dependent on myosin II contractility and microtubules (MTs). 1D and 3D migration are also characterized by an anterior MT bundle with a posterior centrosome. We propose that cells migrate rapidly through 3D fibrillar matrices by a 1D migratory mechanism not mimicked by 2D matrices. C1 [Doyle, Andrew D.; Matsumoto, Kazue; Yamada, Kenneth M.] Natl Inst Dental & Craniofacial Res, Lab Cell & Dev Biol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Wang, Francis W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Doyle, AD (reprint author), Natl Inst Dental & Craniofacial Res, Lab Cell & Dev Biol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM adoyle@mail.nih.gov; kyamada@mail.nih.gov OI Yamada, Kenneth/0000-0003-1512-6805 FU National Institute of Dental; National Institutes of Health FX Support was provided by the intramural research program of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research at the National Institutes of Health. NR 26 TC 323 Z9 325 U1 3 U2 53 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0021-9525 J9 J CELL BIOL JI J. Cell Biol. PD FEB 23 PY 2009 VL 184 IS 4 BP 481 EP 490 DI 10.1083/jcb.200810041 PG 10 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 416OY UT WOS:000264016600004 PM 19221195 ER PT J AU Yue, RJ Niu, YH Wang, ZG Douglas, JF Zhu, XQ Chen, EQ AF Yue, Ruijuan Niu, Yanhua Wang, Zhigang Douglas, Jack F. Zhu, Xingqi Chen, Erqiang TI Suppression of crystallization in a plastic crystal electrolyte (SN/LiClO4) by a polymeric additive (polyethylene oxide) for battery applications SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Crystallization; Plastic crystal electrolyte; Polyethylene oxide ID FAST-ION CONDUCTION; SOLID ELECTROLYTES; LITHIUM BATTERIES; GEL POINT; PEO; SUCCINONITRILE; MORPHOLOGY; PARTICLES; BEHAVIOR; PHASES AB A basic problem with many promising solid electrolyte materials for battery applications is that crystallization in these materials at room temperature makes ionic mobilities plummet, thus compromising battery function. In the present work, we consider the use of a polymer additive (polyethylene oxide, PEO) to inhibit the crystallization of a promising battery electrolyte material, the organic crystal forming molecule succinonitrile (SN) mixed with a salt (LiClO4). While SN spherulite formation still occurs at low PEO concentrations, the SN spherulites become progressively irregular and smaller with an increasing PEO concentration until a 'critical' PEO concentration (20% molar fraction PEO) is reached where SN crystallization is no longer observable by optical microscopy at room temperature. Increasing the PEO concentration further to 70% (molar fraction PEO) leads to a high PEO concentration regime where PEO spherulites become readily apparent by optical microscopy. Additional diffraction and thermodynamic measurements establish the predominantly amorphous nature of our electrolyte-polymer mixtures at intermediate PEO concentrations (20-60% molar fraction PEO) and electrical conductivity measurements confirm that these complex mixtures exhibit the phenomenology of glass-forming liquids. Importantly, the intermediate PEO concentration electrolyte-polymer mixtures retain a relatively high conductivity at room temperature in comparison to the semicrystalline materials that are obtained at low and high PEO concentrations. We have thus demonstrated an effective strategy for creating highly conductive and stable conductive polymer-electrolyte materials at room temperature that are promising for battery applications. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yue, Ruijuan; Niu, Yanhua; Wang, Zhigang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci, CAS Key Lab Engn Plast, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Yue, Ruijuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhu, Xingqi; Chen, Erqiang] Peking Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, Key Lab Polymer Chem & Phys, Minist Educ,Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Wang, ZG (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci, CAS Key Lab Engn Plast, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM zgwang@iccas.ac.cn RI Wang, Zhigang/F-6136-2010 FU National Science Foundation of China [10590355] FX ZG Wang thanks financial support from National Science Foundation of China with grant number 10590355 for the Key Project on Evolution of Structure and Morphology during Polymer Processing. We also thank Prof. Shibi Fang ill our institute for his helpful suggestions and for offering us the use of an AC impedance device, and Prof. Jerold Schultz of the University of Delaware for his comments oil an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD FEB 23 PY 2009 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1288 EP 1296 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.01.022 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 415SR UT WOS:000263955800028 ER PT J AU Martin, JW Godwin, S Moffitt, R AF Martin, Joel W. Godwin, Scott Moffitt, Robert TI Additions to the decapod crustacean fauna of the Hawaiian Islands, I. A review of the genus Sakaila Manning and Holthuis, 1981 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Aethridae), with the description of a new species from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Review DE Sakaila; Brachyura; Aethridae; Hawaii; French Frigate Shoals ID CALAPPIDAE; CRABS; PARTHENOPIDAE; LEUCOSIIDAE; FAMILY AB The brachyuran crab genus Sakaila, currently considered a member of the family Aethridae, is reviewed and revised. Illustrations are provided for all of the known species, and a new species, the fourth in the genus, is described based on one female from French Frigate Shoals, one male from Maro Reef, both in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, and a second male from Johnston Atoll. Previous species are known only from the eastern Atlantic off the west coast of Africa (S. africana Manning and Holthuis, 1981) and from the far western Pacific off Japan (S. japonica Sakai, 1963, and S. imperialis Sakai, 1963). The new species differs from its congeners mostly in the overall spination of the carapace and legs, which is more pronounced in the new species. A key to the known species is provided and the current status of each species is discussed. C1 [Martin, Joel W.] Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Res & Collect Branch, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. [Godwin, Scott] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Moffitt, Robert] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Martin, JW (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Res & Collect Branch, 900 Exposit Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. EM jmartin@nhm.org; lgodwin@hawaii.edu; Robert.Moffitt@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD FEB 23 PY 2009 IS 2018 BP 25 EP 44 PG 20 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 412IO UT WOS:000263718700002 ER PT J AU Adams, CL Schneider, H Ervin, KM Weber, JM AF Adams, Christopher L. Schneider, Holger Ervin, Kent M. Weber, J. Mathias TI Low-energy photoelectron imaging spectroscopy of nitromethane anions: Electron affinity, vibrational features, anisotropies, and the dipole-bound state SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; bound states; electron affinity; electron detachment; Franck-Condon factors; molecular moments; negative ions; organic compounds; photoelectron spectra; vibrational states ID CORE-CONTRIBUTION CALCULATION; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; NEGATIVE-IONS; CLUSTER ANIONS; PHOTODETACHMENT SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; CROSS-SECTIONS; TRIPLET-STATES; DYNAMICS AB We present low-energy velocity map photoelectron imaging results for nitromethane anions. The photoelectron spectrum is interpreted with the aid of ab initio theory and Franck-Condon factor calculations. We obtain a new value for the adiabatic electron affinity of nitromethane of (172 +/- 6) meV and observe the dipole-bound state of nitromethane. The photoelectron angular distributions of the observed features are discussed in the context of threshold laws for photodetachment. C1 [Weber, J. Mathias] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ervin, Kent M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Weber, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM weberjm@jila.colorado.edu RI Weber, J. Mathias/B-1618-2009 OI Weber, J. Mathias/0000-0002-5493-5886 FU National Science Foundation through the JILA Physics Frontier Center (NSF) [PHY-0551010]; Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Biosciences and Geosciences Division; JILA Visiting Fellowship; University of Nevada, Reno FX We gratefully acknowledge the National Science Foundation for financial support through the JILA Physics Frontier Center (NSF Grant No. PHY-0551010). We thank K.H. Bowen for providing the PE spectrum of CH3NO2- in digital form. We thank W.C. Lineberger, L. Sheps, E.M. Miller, M.A. Johnson, and L.R. McCunn for helpful discussion. K.M.E. acknowledges funding from the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Biosciences and Geosciences Division, a JILA Visiting Fellowship, and sabbatical support from the University of Nevada, Reno. NR 62 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 21 PY 2009 VL 130 IS 7 AR 074307 DI 10.1063/1.3076892 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 410ST UT WOS:000263599300018 PM 19239294 ER PT J AU Ikedo, Y Nozaki, H Harada, M Sugiyama, J Sato, TJ Matsuo, Y Nishiyama, K Lord, JS Qiu, YM Copley, JRD AF Ikedo, Yutaka Nozaki, Hiroshi Harada, Masashi Sugiyama, Jun Sato, Taku J. Matsuo, Yasumitsu Nishiyama, Kusuo Lord, James S. Qiu, Yiming Copley, John R. D. TI Study of hydrogen diffusion in superprotonic ionic conductors, MHXO4, by mu+SR and QENS SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Proton diffusion; Superprotonic conductors; Muon spin rotation/relaxation; Quasi-elastic neutron scattering ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CSHSO4; PHASE AB In order to clarify the mechanism of high proton conductivity (sigma(H+)) for superprotonic ionic conductors, MHXO4, where M=Cs and Rb, X=S and Se, muon-spin rotation and relaxation (mu+SR) and quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) measurements have been performed at temperatures mainly in the vicinity of Tc, at which MHXO4 undergoes a structural phase transition from a low-T orthorhombic phase (Phase II) to a high-T tetragonal phase (Phase I). The mu+SR experiment shows the presence of muonium (Mu) state even in Phase I only for CsHSO4 (CHS), while no Mu state was found in Phase I of CsHSeO4 (CHSe). Considering the fact that the sigma(H+) in Phase I of CHS is more than 10 times larger that of CHSe, this implies a relationship between the presence of the atomic hydrogen (Mu) state and high sigma(H+) in Phase I of CHS. According to the QENS measurements using a single crystal of CHSe, line shapes of the energy spectra along three crystallographic directions are found to be slightly anisotropic in Phase I, in contrast to the isotropic conductivity reported by AC conductivity measurements. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ikedo, Yutaka; Nozaki, Hiroshi; Harada, Masashi; Sugiyama, Jun] Toyota Cent Res & Dev Labs Inc, Nagakute, Aichi 4801192, Japan. [Sato, Taku J.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Matsuo, Yasumitsu] Setsunan Univ, Fac Engn, Neyagawa, Osaka 5728508, Japan. [Nishiyama, Kusuo] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Mat Struct Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Lord, James S.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Qiu, Yiming; Copley, John R. D.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Yiming] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sugiyama, J (reprint author), Toyota Cent Res & Dev Labs Inc, Nagakute, Aichi 4801192, Japan. EM e0589@mosk.tytlabs.co.jp RI Sato, Taku/I-7664-2015; Sugiyama, Jun/M-6535-2015 OI Sato, Taku/0000-0003-2511-4998; Sugiyama, Jun/0000-0002-0916-5333 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement no. DMR-0454672. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 21 PY 2009 VL 600 IS 1 BP 316 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.11.052 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 416VO UT WOS:000264033800097 ER PT J AU Watabe, K Ikegami, T Takamizawa, A Yanagimachi, S Ohshima, S Knappe, S AF Watabe, Ken-ichi Ikegami, Takeshi Takamizawa, Akifumi Yanagimachi, Shinya Ohshima, Shin-ichi Knappe, Svenja TI High-contrast dark resonances with linearly polarized light on the D-1 line of alkali atoms with large nuclear spin SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID POPULATION TRAPPING RESONANCES; VAPOR; RB-87 AB High-contrast coherent population trapping signals were observed on the Cs D-1 line by use of a bichromatic linear polarized light (lin vertical bar vertical bar lin field). A maximum absorption contrast of about 10% was obtained. This was nearly twice as high as that measured with the standard configuration of bichromatic circularly polarized light (sigma - sigma field). The results are compared with density matrix calculations of 4 and 5 level systems. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Watabe, Ken-ichi; Ikegami, Takeshi; Takamizawa, Akifumi; Yanagimachi, Shinya; Ohshima, Shin-ichi] Adv Ind Sci & Technol, NMIJ, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. [Knappe, Svenja] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Watabe, K (reprint author), Adv Ind Sci & Technol, NMIJ, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. EM k.watabe@aist.go.jp FU Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan FX This work was partially supported by the Strategic Information and Communications R&D Promotion Programme (SCOPE) from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 20 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1098 EP 1103 DI 10.1364/AO.48.001098 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 421VV UT WOS:000264387300010 PM 23567569 ER PT J AU Beekman, M Kaduk, JA Gryko, J Wong-Ng, W Shapiro, A Nolas, GS AF Beekman, M. Kaduk, J. A. Gryko, J. Wong-Ng, W. Shapiro, A. Nolas, G. S. TI Synthesis and characterization of framework-substituted Cs8Na16Cu5Ge131 SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Intermetallics; Transition metal alloys and compounds; Inorganic materials; Thermoelectric ID THERMOELECTRIC APPLICATIONS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CLATHRATE-II; SILICON; GERMANIUM; TEMPERATURE; SI AB We report the synthesis and temperature-dependent transport properties of a new type 11 germanium clathrate,Cs8Na16Cu5Ge131 (space group Fd (3) over barm; a = 15.42000(9)angstrom). In comparison to the parent compound Cs8Na16Ge136, Cu substitution for Ge on the clathrate framework was found to increase in magnitude the electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient, while reducing the thermal conductivity. The results are consistent with partial charge compensation due to Cu substitution for Ge. In addition to presenting possibilities for new compositions, framework substitution in type II clathrates may offer a route to control the transport properties of these materials, and could offer potential candidates for thermoelectric applications. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Beekman, M.; Nolas, G. S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Kaduk, J. A.] INEOS Technol, Naperville, IL 60563 USA. [Gryko, J.] Jacksonville State Univ, Dept Phys & Earth Sci, Jacksonville, AL 36265 USA. [Wong-Ng, W.; Shapiro, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nolas, GS (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM gnolas@cas.usf.edu RI Beekman, Matt/I-4470-2014 OI Beekman, Matt/0000-0001-9694-2286 FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER46145]; University of South Florida Presidential Doctoral Fellowship FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy under Grant number DE-FG02-04ER46145. MB gratefully acknowledges support from the University of South Florida Presidential Doctoral Fellowship. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD FEB 20 PY 2009 VL 470 IS 1-2 BP 365 EP 368 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.02.072 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 415ZN UT WOS:000263975100077 ER PT J AU Stow, CA Jolliff, J McGillicuddy, DJ Doney, SC Allen, JI Friedrichs, MAM Rose, KA Wallheadg, P AF Stow, Craig A. Jolliff, Jason McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Doney, Scott C. Allen, J. Icarus Friedrichs, Marjorie A. M. Rose, Kenneth A. Wallheadg, Philip TI Skill assessment for coupled biological/physical models of marine systems SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Goodness-of-fit; Skill metric; Skill assessment; Model uncertainty ID WATER-QUALITY MODELS; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; DATA ASSIMILATION; DECISION-MAKING; CURRENT STATE; OCEAN MODEL; NORTH-SEA; UNCERTAINTY; QUANTIFICATION; VARIABILITY AB Coupled biological/physical models of marine systems serve many purposes including the synthesis of information, hypothesis generation, and as a tool for numerical experimentation. However, marine system models are increasingly used for prediction to support high-stakes decision-making. In such applications it is imperative that a rigorous model skill assessment is conducted so that the model's capabilities are tested and understood. Herein, we review several metrics and approaches useful to evaluate model skill. The definition of skill and the determination of the skill level necessary for a given application is context specific and no single metric is likely to reveal all aspects of model skill. Thus, we recommend the use of several metrics, in concert, to provide a more thorough appraisal. The routine application and presentation of rigorous skill assessment metrics will also serve the broader interests of the modeling community, ultimately resulting in improved forecasting abilities as well as helping us recognize our limitations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Jolliff, Jason] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr.; Doney, Scott C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Allen, J. Icarus] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Friedrichs, Marjorie A. M.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Wallheadg, Philip] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. RP Stow, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM craig.stow@noaa.gov; jolliff@nrissc.navy.mil; dmcgillicuddy@whoi.edu; sdoney@whoi.edu; jia@pml.ac.uk; marjy@vims.edu; karose@lsu.edu; pjw5@noc.soton.ac.uk RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855; Friedrichs, Marjorie/0000-0003-2828-7595 FU NERC core strategic Oceans2025 program; NOAA; NSF; NIEHS; ECOHAB FX JIA was funded by theme 9 of the NERC core strategic Oceans2025 program. This manuscript is GLERL contribution number 1464. DJM gratefully acknowledges support from NOAA, NSF, and NIEHS; this is ECOHAB contribution number 281. NR 59 TC 159 Z9 161 U1 3 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD FEB 20 PY 2009 VL 76 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 4 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.03.011 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 414GD UT WOS:000263851000002 PM 28366997 ER PT J AU Friedrichs, MAM Carr, ME Barber, RT Scardi, M Antoine, D Armstrong, RA Asanuma, I Behrenfeld, MJ Buitenhuis, ET Chai, F Christian, JR Ciotti, AM Doney, SC Dowell, M Dunne, J Gentili, B Gregg, W Hoepffner, N Ishizaka, J Kameda, T Lima, I Marra, J Melin, F Moore, JK Morel, A O'Malley, RT O'Reilly, J Saba, VS Schmeltz, M Smyth, TJ Tjiputra, J Waters, K Westberry, TK Winguth, A AF Friedrichs, Marjorie A. M. Carr, Mary-Elena Barber, Richard T. Scardi, Michele Antoine, David Armstrong, Robert A. Asanuma, Ichio Behrenfeld, Michael J. Buitenhuis, Erik T. Chai, Fei Christian, James R. Ciotti, Aurea M. Doney, Scott C. Dowell, Mark Dunne, John Gentili, Bernard Gregg, Watson Hoepffner, Nicolas Ishizaka, Joji Kameda, Takahiko Lima, Ivan Marra, John Melin, Frederic Moore, J. Keith Morel, Andre O'Malley, Robert T. O'Reilly, Jay Saba, Vincent S. Schmeltz, Marjorie Smyth, Tim J. Tjiputra, Jerry Waters, Kirk Westberry, Toby K. Winguth, Arne TI Assessing the uncertainties of model estimates of primary productivity in the tropical Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Primary production; Modeling; Remote sensing; Satellite ocean color; Statistical analysis; Tropical Pacific Ocean (15 degrees N to 15 degrees S and 125 degrees E; to 95 degrees W) ID CENTRAL EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MARINE ECOSYSTEM MODEL; SKILL ASSESSMENT; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SATELLITE CHLOROPHYLL; METAL CONTAMINATION; REGIONAL SCALES; ARABIAN SEA; COLOR AB Depth-integrated primary productivity (PP) estimates obtained from satellite ocean color-based models (SatPPMs) and those generated from biogeochemical ocean general circulation models (BCGCMs) represent a key resource for biogeochemical and ecological studies at global as well as regional scales. Calibration and validation of these PP models are not straightforward, however, and comparative studies show large differences between model estimates. The goal of this paper is to compare PP estimates obtained from 30 different models (21 SatPPMs and 9 BOGCMs) to a tropical Pacific PP database consisting of similar to 1000 C-14 measurements spanning more than a decade (1983-1996). Primary findings include: skill varied significantly between models, but performance was not a function of model complexity or type (i.e. SatPPM vs. BOGCM); nearly all models underestimated the observed variance of PR specifically yielding too few low PP (< 0.2 g Cm-2 d(-1)) values; more than half of the total root-mean-squared model-data differences associated with the satellite-based PP models might be accounted for by uncertainties in the input variables and/or the PP data; and the tropical Pacific database captures a broad scale shift from low biomassnormalized productivity in the 1980s to higher biomass-normalized productivity in the 1990s, which was not successfully captured by any of the models. This latter result suggests that interdecadal and global changes will be a significant challenge for both SatPPMs and BOGCMs. Finally, average root-mean-squared differences between in situ PP data on the equator at 140 degrees W and PP estimates from the satellite-based productivity models were 58% lower than analogous values computed in a previous PP model comparison 6 years ago. The success of these types of comparison exercises is illustrated by the continual modification and improvement of the participating models and the resulting increase in model skill. (C) 2008 Elsevier BY. All rights reserved. C1 [Friedrichs, Marjorie A. M.; Saba, Vincent S.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Carr, Mary-Elena; Schmeltz, Marjorie] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Barber, Richard T.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Scardi, Michele] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Biol, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Antoine, David; Gentili, Bernard; Morel, Andre] Univ Paris 06, Paris 6, France. [Antoine, David; Gentili, Bernard; Morel, Andre] CNRS, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, Paris, France. [Armstrong, Robert A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Asanuma, Ichio] Tokyo Univ Informat Sci, Wakaba Ku, Chiba 2658501, Japan. [Behrenfeld, Michael J.; O'Malley, Robert T.; Westberry, Toby K.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Buitenhuis, Erik T.] Univ E Anglia, Lab Global Marine & Atmospher Chem, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Chai, Fei] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Christian, James R.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Ciotti, Aurea M.] Univ Estadual Paulista, BR-11330900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Doney, Scott C.; Lima, Ivan] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Dowell, Mark; Hoepffner, Nicolas; Melin, Frederic] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Dunne, John] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Gregg, Watson] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ishizaka, Joji] Nagasaki Univ, Fac Fisheries, Nagasaki 8528521, Japan. [Kameda, Takahiko] Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Grp Oceanog, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan. [Marra, John] CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Geol, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. [Moore, J. Keith] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [O'Reilly, Jay] NOAA NMFS Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02887 USA. [Smyth, Tim J.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Tjiputra, Jerry] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Waters, Kirk] NOAA Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. [Winguth, Arne] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Friedrichs, MAM (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM mady@vims.edu; mcarr@ei.columbia.edu; rbarber@duke.edu; mscardi@mclink.it; antoine@obs-vlfr.fr; rarmstrong@notes.cc.sunysb.edu; asanuma@rsch.tuis.ac.jp; mjb@science.oregonstate.edu; martinburo@email.com; fchai@umaine.edu; Jim.Christian@ec.gc.ca; ciotti@csv.unesp.br; sdoney@whoi.edu; mark.dowell@jrc.it; jpd@gfdl.noaa.gov; gentili@obs-vlfr.fr; watson.gregg@nasa.gov; nicolas.hoepffner@jrc.it; ishizaka@nagasaki-u.ac.jp; takukame@affrc.go.jp; ilima@whoi.edu; jfm7780@brooklyn.cuny.edu; frederic.melin@jrc.it; jkmoore@uci.edu; morel@obs-vifr.fr; omalleyr@science.oregonstate.edu; jay.oreiliy@noaa.gov; vssaba@vims.edu; tjsm@pml.ac.uk; jtj061@bjerknes.uib.no; kirk.waters@noaa.gov; toby.westberry@sdence.oregonstate.edu; awinguth@uta.edu RI Armstrong, Robert/C-9086-2009; Ciotti, Aurea Maria/B-7188-2011; Buitenhuis, Erik/A-7692-2012; Smyth, Tim/D-2008-2012; Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Westberry, Toby/A-9871-2013; Antoine, David/C-3817-2013; Lima, Ivan/A-6823-2016; OI Friedrichs, Marjorie/0000-0003-2828-7595; Ciotti, Aurea Maria/0000-0001-7163-8819; Buitenhuis, Erik/0000-0001-6274-5583; Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Antoine, David/0000-0002-9082-2395; Lima, Ivan/0000-0001-5345-0652; Tjiputra, Jerry/0000-0002-4600-2453 NR 99 TC 109 Z9 111 U1 4 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD FEB 20 PY 2009 VL 76 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 113 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.05.010 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 414GD UT WOS:000263851000009 ER EF