FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU KURIHARA, Y AF KURIHARA, Y BE Aki, K Dmowska, R TI HURRICANES AND ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES SO RELATING GEOPHYSICAL STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES: THE JEFFREYS VOLUME SE GEOPHYSICAL MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Union Symposium - Jeffreys Symposium: Interrelation Between Geophysical Structures and Processes, at the Meeting of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics CY AUG, 1991 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP INT UNION GEODESY & GEOPHYS, AMER GEOPHYS UNION C1 PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0065-8448 BN 0-87590-467-X J9 GEOPH MONOG SERIES PY 1993 VL 76 BP 19 EP 26 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BA42L UT WOS:A1993BA42L00003 ER PT S AU KOGAN, F SULLIVAN, J AF KOGAN, F SULLIVAN, J BE Gower, JFR Salomonson, VV Engman, ET Ormsby, JP Gupta, RK TI DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL DROUGHT-WATCH SYSTEM USING NOAA AVHRR DATA SO REMOTE SENSING FOR OCEANOGRAPHY, HYDROLOGY AND AGRICULTURE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON REMOTE SENSING FOR OCEANOGRAPHY, HYDROLOGY AND AGRICULTURE, AT THE COSPAR 29TH PLENARY MEETING CY AUG 28-SEP 05, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP COMM SPACE RES, EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY, SCI COMM OCEAN RES, WORLD METEOROL ORG, INT UNION GEODESY & GEOPHYS, INT ASSOC HYDROL SCI, INT ASTRONAUT FEDERAT, UN ENVIRONM PROGRAMME RP KOGAN, F (reprint author), NOAA,NESDIS,ORA,SATELLITE RES LAB,RM 712,WORLD WEATHER BLDG,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X NR 0 TC 32 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA OXFORD SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042201-2 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1993 VL 13 BP 219 EP 222 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(93)90548-P PG 4 WC Agronomy; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Water Resources GA BY02T UT WOS:A1993BY02T00025 ER PT S AU BATES, JJ AF BATES, JJ BE Kahle, AB Njoku, EJ Palluconi, FD Gillespie, AR Hook, SJ Hayden, CM Tsuchiya, K Dozier, J TI A DECADE OF MULTISPECTRAL SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE OBSERVATIONS FROM SPACE SO REMOTE SENSING OF EARTHS SURFACE AND ATMOSPHERE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT COSPAR Interdisciplinary Scientific Commission A of the COSPAR 29th Plenary Meeting CY AUG 28-SEP 05, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP COMM SPACE RES, NASA, WORLD METEOROL ORG, SCI COMM OCEAN RES, INT ASTRON FED, CTR NATL ETUDES SPATIALES, UNESCO ID EMPIRICAL ORTHOGONAL ANALYSIS; PACIFIC OCEAN; ATMOSPHERE AB The National Environmental Satellite and Data Information Service (NESDIS) of NOAA has been producing estimates of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) using high resolution, multispectral infrared data from satellites operationally for over 10 years. This dataset is one of the largest and longest available for studies of a primary climate variable. However, the utility of this dataset for studies of Climate and Global Change remains only marginal because of large biases during volcanic aerosol episodes. In this paper, three criteria are critically examined to assess the quality of the operational multi-spectral SST (MCSST) method. These include: 1) the basic physics of the method, 2) mean differences between satellite and in situ SSTs, and 3) an examination of the time/space variability of the satellite dataset. These criteria are fundamental in the evaluation of data derived from satellite observations for global climate monitoring. RP BATES, JJ (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Bates, John/D-1012-2009 OI Bates, John/0000-0002-8124-0406 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042477-5 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1993 VL 14 IS 3 BP 5 EP 14 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BZ78D UT WOS:A1993BZ78D00001 ER PT S AU GUTMAN, GG AF GUTMAN, GG BE Kahle, AB Njoku, EJ Palluconi, FD Gillespie, AR Hook, SJ Hayden, CM Tsuchiya, K Dozier, J TI MULTIANNUAL TIME-SERIES OF AVHRR-DERIVED LAND-SURFACE TEMPERATURE SO REMOTE SENSING OF EARTHS SURFACE AND ATMOSPHERE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT COSPAR Interdisciplinary Scientific Commission A of the COSPAR 29th Plenary Meeting CY AUG 28-SEP 05, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP COMM SPACE RES, NASA, WORLD METEOROL ORG, SCI COMM OCEAN RES, INT ASTRON FED, CTR NATL ETUDES SPATIALES, UNESCO AB Seven years of daytime sampled Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) global data from the NOAA afternoon satellites were analyzed. Surface temperature in cloud-free conditions was derived using a split-window formulation with emissivity dependent upon vegetation cover. Results are demonstrated on diverse land surfaces in different climatic conditions. Monthly anomalies of satellite-derived surface temperature are in reasonable agreement with those obtained from conventional air temperature measurements. Impact of satellite orbit drift on derived land temperatures from the afternoon satellites is discussed. RP GUTMAN, GG (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,SATELLITE RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042477-5 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1993 VL 14 IS 3 BP 27 EP 30 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BZ78D UT WOS:A1993BZ78D00003 ER PT S AU HAYDEN, CM MENZEL, WP NIEMAN, SJ SCHMIT, TJ VELDEN, CS AF HAYDEN, CM MENZEL, WP NIEMAN, SJ SCHMIT, TJ VELDEN, CS BE Kahle, AB Njoku, EJ Palluconi, FD Gillespie, AR Hook, SJ Hayden, CM Tsuchiya, K Dozier, J TI RECENT PROGRESS IN METHODS FOR DERIVING WINDS FROM SATELLITE DATA AT NESDIS/CIMSS SO REMOTE SENSING OF EARTHS SURFACE AND ATMOSPHERE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT COSPAR Interdisciplinary Scientific Commission A of the COSPAR 29th Plenary Meeting CY AUG 28-SEP 05, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP COMM SPACE RES, NASA, WORLD METEOROL ORG, SCI COMM OCEAN RES, INT ASTRON FED, CTR NATL ETUDES SPATIALES, UNESCO AB The first six months of operation with the new automatic cloud motion wind (CMW) processing at NESDIS is evaluated. Improved vector accuracy is shown, but a slow bias to upper level winds persists. Research development of infrared window and water vapor winds using the METEOSAT-3 are discussed. With the METEOSAT data, C02 height assignment cannot be used, and the infrared window CMW are slightly inferior to those from GOES-7. METEOSAT-3 water vapor winds are quite encouraging and appear to offer the long-sought useful information at middle levels, although the quality is marginal for improving on the NMC forecasts. Operational gradient winds generated from VAS temperature profiles are also explored, and shown to offer positive information on the geopotential gradients. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,COOPERAT INST METEOROL SATELLITE STUDIES,MADISON,WI 53706. RP HAYDEN, CM (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,SYST DESIGN & APPLICAT BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011; Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201; NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042477-5 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1993 VL 14 IS 3 BP 99 EP 110 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BZ78D UT WOS:A1993BZ78D00014 ER PT J AU HANSON, DR SPETZLER, HA GETTING, IC AF HANSON, DR SPETZLER, HA GETTING, IC TI DEFORMATION APPARATUS FOR USE IN HIGH-RESOLUTION, HIGH-TEMPERATURE STUDIES OF MANTLE RHEOLOGY SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID OLIVINE AB A uniaxial dead weight creep apparatus has been designed to investigate the low stress, low strain-rate rheologic behavior of refractory minerals. Displacement and displacement rate resolutions of 0.5 mum and 0.1 nm/s, respectively, on samples of 1.5-mm cross section and 3.0-mm length at temperatures up to 1900 K have been achieved. Oxygen fugacity is controlled to 0.1 log unit, load to 0.1 N, and temperature to 5 K. Maximum stresses applied were between 25 and 30 MPa. Use of this apparatus has allowed the investigation of the transient creep regime in olivine, an important mineral in the Earth's mantle. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP HANSON, DR (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOL SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 64 IS 1 BP 211 EP 217 DI 10.1063/1.1144437 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA KG744 UT WOS:A1993KG74400033 ER PT B AU FRIEDLAND, KD REDDIN, DG AF FRIEDLAND, KD REDDIN, DG BE Mills, D TI MARINE SURVIVAL OF ATLANTIC SALMON FROM INDEXES OF POST-SMOLT GROWTH AND SEA TEMPERATURE SO SALMON IN THE SEA AND NEW ENHANCEMENT STRATEGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Atlantic Salmon Symposium CY JUN, 1992 CL ST ANDREWS, CANADA SP ATLANTIC SALMON TRUST, ATLANTIC SALMON FEDERAT, DEPT FISHERIES & OCEANS, CANADA RP FRIEDLAND, KD (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,166 WATER ST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU FISHING NEWS BOOKS LTD PI FARNHAM PA FARNHAM, SURREY, ENGLAND BN 0-85238-199-9 PY 1993 BP 119 EP 138 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BA90C UT WOS:A1993BA90C00006 ER PT J AU Pertierra, JP Perrotta, RG AF Pablo Pertierra, Juan Perrotta, Ricardo G. TI On the population dynamics of sardine, Sardina pilchardus Walbaum, 1792, from the Catalan sea (northwestern Mediterranean) SO SCIENTIA MARINA LA English DT Article DE Sardine; Sardina pilchardus; northwestern Mediterranean; population dynamics; analytical models; biomass estimates AB In this paper, the sardine resources of Catalan coastal waters are analyzed, The period studied covers the years between 1988 and 1991. The resource has a stable biomass and the fish stock is under exploited, Current fishing gear seems to he adequate in selectivity. The natural mortality rate and fishing mortality are estimated. C1 [Pablo Pertierra, Juan] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Mar, E-08039 Barcelona, Spain. [Perrotta, Ricardo G.] Inst Nacl Invest & Desarrollo Pesquero, RA-7600 Mar Del Plata, Argentina. RP Pertierra, JP (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, POB 271, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. FU General Directorate of the European Community Comission [XIV-B-1] FX The material used in the present paper was collected as part of the research project: "La Pesqueria de Cataluna, descripcion global y planteamiento de las bases para so seguimiento", sponsored under Programme XIV-B-1, General Directorate of the European Community Comission. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST CIENCIAS MAR BARCELONA PI BARCELONA PA PG MARITIM DE LA BARCELONETA, 37-49, 08003 BARCELONA, SPAIN SN 0214-8358 J9 SCI MAR JI Sci. Mar. PY 1993 VL 57 IS 2-3 BP 235 EP 241 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V25WW UT WOS:000208509100017 ER PT J AU LITTLER, CL SONG, XN YU, Z ELKIND, JL LOWNEY, JR SEILER, DG AF LITTLER, CL SONG, XN YU, Z ELKIND, JL LOWNEY, JR SEILER, DG TI RII SPECTROSCOPY OF TRAP LEVELS IN BULK AND LPE HG1-XCDXTE SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NARROW GAP SEMICONDUCTORS CY JUL 19-23, 1992 CL SOUTHAMPTON, ENGLAND SP BRIT ASSOC CRYSTAL GROWTH, USA, EUROPEAN OFF, GEC, MARCONI MAT TECHNOL, GEC, SENSORS, LEICA CAMBRIDGE, MCP, WATER TECHNOL, PHILIPS INFRARED, ROCKWELL INT SCI CTR, SAT, FRANCE ID HGCDTE ALLOYS; LUMINESCENCE; GAP AB Resonant impact ionization (RII) Spectroscopy, a new technique for studying low concentrations of trap levels in narrow-gap Hg1-xCdxTe, has been used to investigate impurity and defect levels in both bulk and liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) crystals of this ternary material. Mercury interstitials, deliberately introduced into bulk samples with x almost-equal-to 0.22 and x almost-equal-to 0.24, provide direct evidence for the formation of trap levels near 45 and 61 meV above the valence band edge for these x-value samples. The 61 meV level in the x almost-equal-to 0.24 (E(g) = 121 meV at 5 K) sample is seen to enhance the transition strength of resonant two-photon magneto-absorption (TPMA) observed at high fields by acting as a near-resonant intermediate state for the two-photon process. In the LPE material, samples which have received just a post-anneal in an Hg-saturated atmosphere show strong RII structure due to defect levels at almost-equal-to 60 meV above the valence band, whereas samples which are both doped with indium and post-annealed show only intrinsic one-photon magneto-absorption structure. C1 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INC,DALLAS,TX 75265. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP LITTLER, CL (reprint author), UNIV N TEXAS,DEPT PHYS,DENTON,TX 76203, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 8 IS 1 SU S BP S317 EP S321 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/8/1S/070 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA KM535 UT WOS:A1993KM53500071 ER PT B AU LIVINGSTON, RA STUTZMAN, PE AF LIVINGSTON, RA STUTZMAN, PE BE Hamid, AA Harris, HG TI MATERIALS SCIENCE OF THE MASONRY OF THE HAGIA-SOPHIA BASILICA, ISTANBUL SO SIXTH NORTH AMERICAN MASONRY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th North American Masonry Conference CY JUN 06-09, 1993 CL DREXEL UNIV, PHILADELPHIA, PA SP MASONRY SOC, DREXEL UNIV, NATL SCI FDN, BRICK INST AMER, DELAWARE VALLEY MASONRY INST, INT MASONRY INST, MASONRY INST AMER, NATL CONCRETE MASONRY ASSOC, PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOC, PENNSYLVANIA CONCRETE MASONRY ASSOC, W STATES CLAY PROD ASSOC HO DREXEL UNIV C1 NIST,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,DIV 862,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MASONRY SOC PI BOULDER PA 2619 SPRUCE ST, BOULDER, CO 80302 BN 0-8407-5159-1 PY 1993 BP 49 EP 59 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BA66T UT WOS:A1993BA66T00005 ER PT S AU FOX, R TURK, G MACKIE, N ZIBROVA, T WALTMAN, S SASSI, MP MARQUARDT, J ZIBROV, AS WEIMER, C HOLLBERG, L AF FOX, R TURK, G MACKIE, N ZIBROVA, T WALTMAN, S SASSI, MP MARQUARDT, J ZIBROV, AS WEIMER, C HOLLBERG, L BE Inguscio, M Wallenstein, R TI DIODE-LASERS AND METROLOGY SO SOLID STATE LASERS: NEW DEVELOPMENTS AND APPLICATIONS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES B, PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Solid State Lasers: New Developments and Applications CY AUG 31-SEP 11, 1992 CL ELBA INT PHYS CTR, ELBA ISL, ITALY SP NATO, EUROPEAN PHYS SOC, QUANTUM ELECTR DIV. HO ELBA INT PHYS CTR C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RI Zibrov, Alexander/G-7419-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0258-1221 BN 0-306-44598-0 J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1993 VL 317 BP 279 EP 286 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BZ73T UT WOS:A1993BZ73T00019 ER PT J AU FOX, RW WEIMER, CS HOLLBERG, L TURK, GC AF FOX, RW WEIMER, CS HOLLBERG, L TURK, GC TI THE DIODE-LASER AS A SPECTROSCOPIC TOOL SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID ENHANCED IONIZATION SPECTROMETRY; FREQUENCY-MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY; CAVITY SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER; CONTINUOUS TUNING RANGE; CHANNEL WAVE-GUIDE; EXTERNAL-CAVITY; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; BLUE-LIGHT; HETERODYNE SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE AB The properties of diode lasers that make them attractive as spectroscopic sources are discussed, along with the use of extended cavities to enhance their tuning range and reduce their linewidths. Semiconductors can now provide efficient, tunable, narrow linewidth laser light over much of the red and near-i.r. region of the spectrum. The progress in using nonlinear optics to extend the useful wavelength range of diodes lasers is also considered. Our recent analytical work with diode laser spectroscopy provides examples of their application. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP FOX, RW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 76 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0958-319X J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA REV PY 1993 VL 15 IS 5 BP 291 EP 299 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA MR061 UT WOS:A1993MR06100001 ER PT B AU BALDOCCHI, DD AF BALDOCCHI, DD BE DeKok, LJ Stulen, I Rennenberg, H Brunold, C Rauser, WE TI DEPOSITION OF GASEOUS SULFUR-COMPOUNDS TO VEGETATION SO SULFUR NUTRITION AND ASSIMILATION IN HIGHER PLANTS: REGULATORY AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Sulfur Metabolism in Higher Plants CY APR 21-25, 1992 CL GARMISCH PARTENKIR, GERMANY SP FRAUNHOFER INST ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM RES, UNIV BERN, UNIV GUELPH, UNIV GRONINGEN C1 NOAA,ARL,DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU S P B ACADEMIC PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 11188, 1001 GD AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5103-084-3 PY 1993 BP 271 EP 293 PG 23 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA BZ76V UT WOS:A1993BZ76V00020 ER PT S AU MIES, FH GIUSTISUZOR, A KULANDER, KC SCHAFER, KJ AF MIES, FH GIUSTISUZOR, A KULANDER, KC SCHAFER, KJ BE Piraux, B LHuillier, A Rzazewski, K TI IONIZATION OF H-2(+) IN INTENSE LASER FIELDS SO SUPER-INTENSE LASER-ATOM PHYSICS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES B, PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on SILAP (Super-Intense Laser-Atom Physics) CY JAN 08-14, 1993 CL HAN-SUR-LESSE, BELGIUM SP NATO, SCI AFFAIRS DIV C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0258-1221 BN 0-306-44587-5 J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1993 VL 316 BP 329 EP 339 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BZ91G UT WOS:A1993BZ91G00028 ER PT S AU BLODGETTFORD, S PARKER, J CLARK, CW AF BLODGETTFORD, S PARKER, J CLARK, CW BE Piraux, B LHuillier, A Rzazewski, K TI SEQUENTIAL VS SIMULTANEOUS IONIZATION OF 2-ELECTRON ATOMS BY INTENSE LASER-RADIATION SO SUPER-INTENSE LASER-ATOM PHYSICS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES B, PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on SILAP (Super-Intense Laser-Atom Physics) CY JAN 08-14, 1993 CL HAN-SUR-LESSE, BELGIUM SP NATO, SCI AFFAIRS DIV C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTRON & OPT PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0258-1221 BN 0-306-44587-5 J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1993 VL 316 BP 391 EP 401 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BZ91G UT WOS:A1993BZ91G00033 ER PT B AU SOULEN, RJ FOGLE, WE COLWELL, JH AF SOULEN, RJ FOGLE, WE COLWELL, JH BE Koch, H Lubbig, H TI USE OF A RESISTIVE SQUID FOR NOISE THERMOMETRY SO SUPERCONDUCTING DEVICES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE SPRINGER PROCEEDINGS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE on Superconducting and Quantum Effect Devices and Their Applications (SQUID 91) CY JUN 18-21, 1991 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP DR WILHELM HEINRICH HERAEUS & ELSE HERAEUS STIFT, JAPANESE GERMAN CTR BERLIN, PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY BN 3-540-55396-7 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 1993 VL 64 BP 451 EP 459 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BA73R UT WOS:A1993BA73R00080 ER PT J AU TANUMA, S POWELL, CJ PENN, DR AF TANUMA, S POWELL, CJ PENN, DR TI CALCULATIONS OF ELECTRON INELASTIC MEAN FREE PATHS (IMFPS) .4. EVALUATION OF CALCULATED IMFPS AND OF THE PREDICTIVE IMFP FORMULA TPP-2 FOR ELECTRON ENERGIES BETWEEN 50 AND 2000 EV SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING CROSS-SECTIONS; ATTENUATION LENGTHS; ANALYTICAL EXPRESSION; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; QUANTITATIVE AES; STOPPING POWERS; OPTICAL-DATA; SPECTROSCOPY; SOLIDS; PHOTOELECTRONS AB We have made additional evaluations of the electron inelastic mean free paths (IMFPs) and of the predictive IMFP formula TPP-2 presented in papers II and III of this series. Comparisons have been made with other formulae for the IMFPs and electron attenuation lengths (ALs). We find substantial differences between our IMFP results for 27 elements and 15 inorganic compounds and the AL formulae of Seah and Dench; these differences include different dependences on electron energy and on material parameters. We present IMFP calculations for Al2O3 and GaAs from TPP-2 in which each parameter of the formula is varied in some physically reasonable range about the true value for each compound; these results show the sensitivity of the computed IMFPs to the choices of parameter values. Finally, we give a summary of sources of uncertainty in the IMFP algorithm, in the experimental optical data from which IMFPs are calculated, and of the TPP-2 formula. We conclude that TPP-2 is robust and useful for predicting IMFPs for electron energies and material parameter values in ranges for which the formula was developed and tested. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP TANUMA, S (reprint author), NIPPON MIN CO LTD,ANAL RES CTR,3-17-35 NIIZO MINAMI,TODA,SAITAMA 335,JAPAN. RI Tanuma, Shigeo/H-2681-2011 NR 45 TC 305 Z9 306 U1 6 U2 54 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 20 IS 1 BP 77 EP 89 DI 10.1002/sia.740200112 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA KJ557 UT WOS:A1993KJ55700011 ER PT J AU STANGEL, I DICKENS, S POULIN, S SACHER, E AF STANGEL, I DICKENS, S POULIN, S SACHER, E GP SURFACES BIOMAT FDN TI MICROSCOPIC AND XPS CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN DENTIN SO SURFACES IN BIOMATERIALS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Surfaces in Biomaterials Symposium CY SEP 13-15, 1993 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP SURFACES BIOMAT FDN INC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,PAFFENBARGAR RES CTR,AMER DENT ASSOC,HLTH FDN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SURFACES BIOMATERIALS FDN PI MINNEAPOLIS PA PO BOX 26111, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55426-0111 PY 1993 BP 129 EP 135 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Materials Science GA BA72K UT WOS:A1993BA72K00025 ER PT B AU TESTER, PA GEESEY, ME VUKOVICH, FM AF TESTER, PA GEESEY, ME VUKOVICH, FM BE Smayda, TJ Shimizu, Y TI GYMNODINIUM-BREVE AND GLOBAL WARMING - WHAT ARE THE POSSIBILITIES SO TOXIC PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS IN THE SEA SE DEVELOPMENTS IN MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON TOXIC MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 1991 CL UNIV RHODE ISLAND, GRAD SCH OCEANOG, NEWPORT, RI SP UNESCO, INTERGOVT OCEANOG COMMISS, SCI COMM OCEANIC RES, US EPA, OFF WETLANDS OCEAN & WATERSHEDS, US EPA, GLOBAL CHANGE RES PROGRAM, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB NARRAGANSETT, NOAA, COASTAL OCEAN PROGRAM, NOAA, NATL SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM, RHODE ISLAND SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM, UN ENVIRONM PROGRAMME, US FDA HO UNIV RHODE ISLAND, GRAD SCH OCEANOG RP TESTER, PA (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA AMSTERDAM BN 0-444-89719-4 J9 DEV MAR BIO PY 1993 VL 3 BP 67 EP 72 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography; Toxicology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography; Toxicology GA BY50D UT WOS:A1993BY50D00009 ER PT B AU GEESEY, M TESTER, PA AF GEESEY, M TESTER, PA BE Smayda, TJ Shimizu, Y TI GYMNODINIUM-BREVE - UBIQUITOUS IN GULF-OF-MEXICO WATERS SO TOXIC PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS IN THE SEA SE DEVELOPMENTS IN MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON TOXIC MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 1991 CL UNIV RHODE ISLAND, GRAD SCH OCEANOG, NEWPORT, RI SP UNESCO, INTERGOVT OCEANOG COMMISS, SCI COMM OCEANIC RES, US EPA, OFF WETLANDS OCEAN & WATERSHEDS, US EPA, GLOBAL CHANGE RES PROGRAM, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB NARRAGANSETT, NOAA, COASTAL OCEAN PROGRAM, NOAA, NATL SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM, RHODE ISLAND SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM, UN ENVIRONM PROGRAMME, US FDA HO UNIV RHODE ISLAND, GRAD SCH OCEANOG RP GEESEY, M (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. NR 0 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA AMSTERDAM BN 0-444-89719-4 J9 DEV MAR BIO PY 1993 VL 3 BP 251 EP 255 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography; Toxicology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography; Toxicology GA BY50D UT WOS:A1993BY50D00039 ER PT B AU WHITE, AW NASSIF, J SHUMWAY, SE WHITTAKER, DK AF WHITE, AW NASSIF, J SHUMWAY, SE WHITTAKER, DK BE Smayda, TJ Shimizu, Y TI RECENT OCCURRENCE OF PARALYTIC SHELLFISH TOXINS IN OFFSHORE SHELLFISH IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES SO TOXIC PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS IN THE SEA SE DEVELOPMENTS IN MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON TOXIC MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 1991 CL UNIV RHODE ISLAND, GRAD SCH OCEANOG, NEWPORT, RI SP UNESCO, INTERGOVT OCEANOG COMMISS, SCI COMM OCEANIC RES, US EPA, OFF WETLANDS OCEAN & WATERSHEDS, US EPA, GLOBAL CHANGE RES PROGRAM, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB NARRAGANSETT, NOAA, COASTAL OCEAN PROGRAM, NOAA, NATL SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM, RHODE ISLAND SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM, UN ENVIRONM PROGRAMME, US FDA HO UNIV RHODE ISLAND, GRAD SCH OCEANOG RP WHITE, AW (reprint author), NOAA,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA AMSTERDAM BN 0-444-89719-4 J9 DEV MAR BIO PY 1993 VL 3 BP 435 EP 440 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography; Toxicology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography; Toxicology GA BY50D UT WOS:A1993BY50D00070 ER PT B AU WHITE, AW SHUMWAY, SE NASSIF, J WHITTAKER, DK AF WHITE, AW SHUMWAY, SE NASSIF, J WHITTAKER, DK BE Smayda, TJ Shimizu, Y TI VARIATION IN LEVELS OF PARALYTIC SHELLFISH TOXINS AMONG INDIVIDUAL SHELLFISH SO TOXIC PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS IN THE SEA SE DEVELOPMENTS IN MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON TOXIC MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 1991 CL UNIV RHODE ISLAND, GRAD SCH OCEANOG, NEWPORT, RI SP UNESCO, INTERGOVT OCEANOG COMMISS, SCI COMM OCEANIC RES, US EPA, OFF WETLANDS OCEAN & WATERSHEDS, US EPA, GLOBAL CHANGE RES PROGRAM, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB NARRAGANSETT, NOAA, COASTAL OCEAN PROGRAM, NOAA, NATL SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM, RHODE ISLAND SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM, UN ENVIRONM PROGRAMME, US FDA HO UNIV RHODE ISLAND, GRAD SCH OCEANOG RP WHITE, AW (reprint author), NOAA,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA AMSTERDAM BN 0-444-89719-4 J9 DEV MAR BIO PY 1993 VL 3 BP 441 EP 446 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography; Toxicology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography; Toxicology GA BY50D UT WOS:A1993BY50D00071 ER PT B AU WIKFORS, GH SMOLOWITZ, RM AF WIKFORS, GH SMOLOWITZ, RM BE Smayda, TJ Shimizu, Y TI DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF A PROROCENTRUM ISOLATE UPON HARD CLAMS AND BAY SCALLOPS IN LABORATORY FEEDING STUDIES SO TOXIC PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS IN THE SEA SE DEVELOPMENTS IN MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON TOXIC MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 1991 CL UNIV RHODE ISLAND, GRAD SCH OCEANOG, NEWPORT, RI SP UNESCO, INTERGOVT OCEANOG COMMISS, SCI COMM OCEANIC RES, US EPA, OFF WETLANDS OCEAN & WATERSHEDS, US EPA, GLOBAL CHANGE RES PROGRAM, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB NARRAGANSETT, NOAA, COASTAL OCEAN PROGRAM, NOAA, NATL SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM, RHODE ISLAND SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM, UN ENVIRONM PROGRAMME, US FDA HO UNIV RHODE ISLAND, GRAD SCH OCEANOG RP WIKFORS, GH (reprint author), NOAA,NE FISHERIES CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,212 ROGERS AVE,MILFORD,CT 06460, USA. NR 0 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA AMSTERDAM BN 0-444-89719-4 J9 DEV MAR BIO PY 1993 VL 3 BP 447 EP 452 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography; Toxicology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography; Toxicology GA BY50D UT WOS:A1993BY50D00072 ER PT B AU MAHONEY, JB MCGHEE, JA MCNULTY, JK AF MAHONEY, JB MCGHEE, JA MCNULTY, JK BE Smayda, TJ Shimizu, Y TI POSSIBLE CHEMICAL EXCLUSION OF ALEXANDRIUM-TAMARENSE FROM GREAT BAY, NEW-JERSEY SO TOXIC PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS IN THE SEA SE DEVELOPMENTS IN MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON TOXIC MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 1991 CL UNIV RHODE ISLAND, GRAD SCH OCEANOG, NEWPORT, RI SP UNESCO, INTERGOVT OCEANOG COMMISS, SCI COMM OCEANIC RES, US EPA, OFF WETLANDS OCEAN & WATERSHEDS, US EPA, GLOBAL CHANGE RES PROGRAM, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB NARRAGANSETT, NOAA, COASTAL OCEAN PROGRAM, NOAA, NATL SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM, RHODE ISLAND SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM, UN ENVIRONM PROGRAMME, US FDA HO UNIV RHODE ISLAND, GRAD SCH OCEANOG RP MAHONEY, JB (reprint author), US DEP COMMERCE,NOAA,NMFS,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,SANDY HOOK LAB,HIGHLANDS,NJ 07732, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA AMSTERDAM BN 0-444-89719-4 J9 DEV MAR BIO PY 1993 VL 3 BP 783 EP 788 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography; Toxicology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography; Toxicology GA BY50D UT WOS:A1993BY50D00126 ER PT J AU FOSTER, N AF FOSTER, N BE McCabe, RE Glidden, KA TI MARINE FISHERIES - OUR NATIONAL RESOURCE, OUR NATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE FIFTY-EIGHTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - Our Conservation Legacy: Gift or Gaff CY MAR 19-24, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST C1 US DEPT COMMERCE,NOAA,WASHINGTON,DC 20230. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1993 BP 10 EP 16 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BA16U UT WOS:A1993BA16U00003 ER PT J AU VARANASI, U MCCAIN, BB STEIN, JE CHAN, SL AF VARANASI, U MCCAIN, BB STEIN, JE CHAN, SL BE McCabe, RE Glidden, KA TI EFFECTS OF COASTAL POLLUTION ON LIVING MARINE RESOURCES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE FIFTY-EIGHTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - Our Conservation Legacy: Gift or Gaff CY MAR 19-24, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,SEATTLE,WA 98112. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1993 BP 271 EP 286 PG 16 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BA16U UT WOS:A1993BA16U00039 ER PT B AU KIM, MS MULROY, WJ DIDION, DA AF KIM, MS MULROY, WJ DIDION, DA BE Lee, JS Chung, SH Kim, KH TI AN EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE FLAMMABILITY AND PERFORMANCE POTENTIALS OF 2 AZEOTROPIC REFRIGERANT MIXTURES SO TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN THERMAL ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena in Thermal Engineering (ISTP-VI) CY MAY 09-13, 1993 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA SP PACIFIC CTR THERMAL FLUIDS ENGN C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BLDG ENVIRONM,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,THERMAL MACHINERY GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEGELL HOUSE, INC PI NEW YORK PA 79 MADISON AVE, SUITE 1106, NEW YORK, NY 10016 BN 1-56700-015-0 PY 1993 BP 446 EP 451 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BA70Z UT WOS:A1993BA70Z00072 ER PT B AU KEDZIERSKI, MA KAUL, MP AF KEDZIERSKI, MA KAUL, MP BE Lee, JS Chung, SH Kim, KH TI HORIZONTAL NUCLEATE FLOW BOILING HEAT-TRANSFER COEFFICIENT MEASUREMENTS AND VISUAL OBSERVATIONS FOR R12, R134A AND R134A ESTER LUBRICANT MIXTURES SO TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN THERMAL ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena in Thermal Engineering (ISTP-VI) CY MAY 09-13, 1993 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA SP PACIFIC CTR THERMAL FLUIDS ENGN C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEGELL HOUSE, INC PI NEW YORK PA 79 MADISON AVE, SUITE 1106, NEW YORK, NY 10016 BN 1-56700-015-0 PY 1993 BP 508 EP 513 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BA70Z UT WOS:A1993BA70Z00082 ER PT S AU RUFF, AW BAYER, RG AF RUFF, AW BAYER, RG BE Ruff, AW Bayer, RG TI TRIBOLOGY - WEAR TEST SELECTION FOR DESIGN AND APPLICATION - OVERVIEW SO TRIBOLOGY: WEAR TEST SELECTION FOR DESIGN AND APPLICATION SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Tribology: Wear Test Selection for Design and Application CY DEC 09, 1992 CL MIAMI, FL SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM WEAR & EROS C1 NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-1856-2 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1993 VL 1199 BP R7 EP R8 PG 2 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BZ48Q UT WOS:A1993BZ48Q00001 ER PT B AU BLACK, PG AF BLACK, PG BE Lighthill, J Holland, G Zheng, ZM Emanuel, K TI EVOLUTION OF MAXIMUM WIND ESTIMATES IN TYPHOONS SO TROPICAL CYCLONE DISASTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ICSU/WMO International Symposium on Tropical Cyclone Disasters CY OCT 12-16, 1992 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP INT COUNCIL SCI UNIONS, WORLD METEOROL ORG, WORLD FEDERAT ENGN ORG, UNION ASSOC TECH INT, INT UNION GEODESY & GEOPHYS, SCI COMM OCEANIC RES, INT CTR THEORET PHYS, CHINA ASSOC SCI & TECHNOL, CHINESE SOC THEORET & APPL MECH, CHINESE METEOROL SOC, CHINESE SOC OCEANOG, CHINESE SOC HYDRAUL ENGN, CHINESE ACAD SCI, STATE METEOROL ADM, STATE OCEAN ADM, NATL NAT SCI FDN CHINA, ACAD WATER CONSERVANCY & HYDROELECT POWER, CHINA NATL COMM IDNDR C1 NOAA,DIV HURRICANE RES,MIAMI,FL 33149. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PEKING UNIV PRESS PI BEIJING PA HAIDIANQU, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-301-02086-4 PY 1993 BP 104 EP 115 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BC86Q UT WOS:A1993BC86Q00009 ER PT B AU MONTGOMERY, MT AF MONTGOMERY, MT BE Lighthill, J Holland, G Zheng, ZM Emanuel, K TI STUDIES IN TROPICAL CYCLONE FORMATION SO TROPICAL CYCLONE DISASTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ICSU/WMO International Symposium on Tropical Cyclone Disasters CY OCT 12-16, 1992 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP INT COUNCIL SCI UNIONS, WORLD METEOROL ORG, WORLD FEDERAT ENGN ORG, UNION ASSOC TECH INT, INT UNION GEODESY & GEOPHYS, SCI COMM OCEANIC RES, INT CTR THEORET PHYS, CHINA ASSOC SCI & TECHNOL, CHINESE SOC THEORET & APPL MECH, CHINESE METEOROL SOC, CHINESE SOC OCEANOG, CHINESE SOC HYDRAUL ENGN, CHINESE ACAD SCI, STATE METEOROL ADM, STATE OCEAN ADM, NATL NAT SCI FDN CHINA, ACAD WATER CONSERVANCY & HYDROELECT POWER, CHINA NATL COMM IDNDR C1 NOAA,AOML,DIV HURRICANE RES,MIAMI,FL 33149. 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NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PEKING UNIV PRESS PI BEIJING PA HAIDIANQU, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-301-02086-4 PY 1993 BP 190 EP 201 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BC86Q UT WOS:A1993BC86Q00017 ER PT B AU DEMARIA, M AF DEMARIA, M BE Lighthill, J Holland, G Zheng, ZM Emanuel, K TI TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY PREDICTION SO TROPICAL CYCLONE DISASTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ICSU/WMO International Symposium on Tropical Cyclone Disasters CY OCT 12-16, 1992 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP INT COUNCIL SCI UNIONS, WORLD METEOROL ORG, WORLD FEDERAT ENGN ORG, UNION ASSOC TECH INT, INT UNION GEODESY & GEOPHYS, SCI COMM OCEANIC RES, INT CTR THEORET PHYS, CHINA ASSOC SCI & TECHNOL, CHINESE SOC THEORET & APPL MECH, CHINESE METEOROL SOC, CHINESE SOC OCEANOG, CHINESE SOC HYDRAUL ENGN, CHINESE ACAD SCI, STATE METEOROL ADM, STATE OCEAN ADM, NATL NAT SCI FDN CHINA, ACAD WATER CONSERVANCY & HYDROELECT POWER, CHINA NATL COMM IDNDR C1 NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,DIV HURRICANE RES,MIAMI,FL 33149. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PEKING UNIV PRESS PI BEIJING PA HAIDIANQU, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-301-02086-4 PY 1993 BP 318 EP 327 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BC86Q UT WOS:A1993BC86Q00029 ER PT B AU GINIS, I BENDER, MA KURIHARA, Y AF GINIS, I BENDER, MA KURIHARA, Y BE Lighthill, J Holland, G Zheng, ZM Emanuel, K TI A NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE TROPICAL CYCLONE OCEAN INTERACTION SO TROPICAL CYCLONE DISASTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ICSU/WMO International Symposium on Tropical Cyclone Disasters CY OCT 12-16, 1992 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP INT COUNCIL SCI UNIONS, WORLD METEOROL ORG, WORLD FEDERAT ENGN ORG, UNION ASSOC TECH INT, INT UNION GEODESY & GEOPHYS, SCI COMM OCEANIC RES, INT CTR THEORET PHYS, CHINA ASSOC SCI & TECHNOL, CHINESE SOC THEORET & APPL MECH, CHINESE METEOROL SOC, CHINESE SOC OCEANOG, CHINESE SOC HYDRAUL ENGN, CHINESE ACAD SCI, STATE METEOROL ADM, STATE OCEAN ADM, NATL NAT SCI FDN CHINA, ACAD WATER CONSERVANCY & HYDROELECT POWER, CHINA NATL COMM IDNDR C1 PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08542. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PEKING UNIV PRESS PI BEIJING PA HAIDIANQU, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-301-02086-4 PY 1993 BP 343 EP 355 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BC86Q UT WOS:A1993BC86Q00032 ER PT B AU GONZALEZ, FI KULIKOV, YA AF GONZALEZ, FI KULIKOV, YA BE Tinti, S TI TSUNAMI DISPERSION OBSERVED IN THE DEEP-OCEAN SO TSUNAMIS IN THE WORLD: FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL TSUNAMI SYMPOSIUM, 1991 SE ADVANCES IN NATURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15TH International Tsunami Symposium held during the XX General Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics CY AUG 19-20, 1991 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP INT UNION GEODESY & GEOPHYS, TSUNAMI COMMISS, INT ASSOC SEISMOL & PHYS EARTHS INTERIORS, INT ASSOC PHYS SCI OCEAN C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. NR 0 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2316-5 J9 ADV NAT TECHNOL HAZ PY 1993 VL 1 BP 7 EP 16 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA BZ98W UT WOS:A1993BZ98W00001 ER PT J AU SMITH, NE AF SMITH, NE GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC TI DSV SEA CLIFF - 1992 HAWAIIAN SCIENCE CRUISE SO UNDERWATER INTERVENTION '93 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Underwater Intervention 1993 Conference: Man and Machine Underwater CY JAN 18-21, 1993 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP MARINE TECHNOL, ROV COMM, ASSOC DIVING CONTRACTORS C1 NOAA,NATL OCEAN & ATMOSPHER ADM,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 PY 1993 BP 16 EP 16 PG 1 WC Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA BA12P UT WOS:A1993BA12P00004 ER PT J AU AUSTER, PJ AF AUSTER, PJ GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC TI UNDERWATER RESEARCH - SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY GO HAND IN HAND SO UNDERWATER INTERVENTION '93 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Underwater Intervention 1993 Conference: Man and Machine Underwater CY JAN 18-21, 1993 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP MARINE TECHNOL, ROV COMM, ASSOC DIVING CONTRACTORS C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,NATL UNDERSEA RES CTR,NOAA,GROTON,CT 06340. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 PY 1993 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA BA12P UT WOS:A1993BA12P00005 ER PT B AU HULBERT, AW DINSMORE, DA AF HULBERT, AW DINSMORE, DA GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC TI ROV AND ENRICHED AIR DIVING TECHNOLOGY AT THE NATIONAL UNDERSEA RESEARCH-CENTER AT THE UNIVERSITY-OF-NORTH-CAROLINA AT WILMINGTON SO UNDERWATER INTERVENTION '93 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Underwater Intervention 1993 Conference: Man and Machine Underwater CY JAN 18-21, 1993 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP MARINE TECHNOL, ROV COMM, ASSOC DIVING CONTRACTORS C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,NATL UNDERSEA RES CTR,NOAA,WILMINGTON,NC 28401. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 PY 1993 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA BA12P UT WOS:A1993BA12P00006 ER PT J AU EMBLEY, R FRANKLIN, JM TUNNICLIFFE, V JUNIPER, K SHEPHERD, K AF EMBLEY, R FRANKLIN, JM TUNNICLIFFE, V JUNIPER, K SHEPHERD, K GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC TI THE GREAT ROPOS ADVENTURE - VENTS-92 SO UNDERWATER INTERVENTION '93 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Underwater Intervention 1993 Conference: Man and Machine Underwater CY JAN 18-21, 1993 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP MARINE TECHNOL, ROV COMM, ASSOC DIVING CONTRACTORS C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,NEWPORT,OR. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 PY 1993 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA BA12P UT WOS:A1993BA12P00007 ER PT B AU POLK, WT AF POLK, WT GP USENIX ASSOC TI APPROXIMATING CLARK-WILSON ACCESS TRIPLES WITH BASIC UNIX CONTROLS SO UNIX SECURITY SYMPOSIUM IV PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th UNIX Security Symposium CY OCT 04-06, 1993 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP USENIX ASSOC, COMP EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM, ACM, SIGSAC C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USENIX ASSOC PI BERKELEY PA SUITE 215, 2560 NINTH ST, BERKELEY, CA 94710 BN 1-880446-55-3 PY 1993 BP 145 EP 154 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BZ57Y UT WOS:A1993BZ57Y00013 ER PT S AU WEETALL, HH AF WEETALL, HH BE Guilbault, GG Mascini, M TI THE BIOSENSOR TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM AT THE NATIONAL-INSTITUTE-OF-STANDARDS-AND-TECHNOLOGY (NIST) SO USES OF IMMOBILIZED BIOLOGICAL COMPOUNDS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES E, APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Uses of Immobilized Biological Compounds CY MAY 09-14, 1993 CL BRIXEN, ITALY SP NATO C1 NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,BIOSENSOR TECHNOL GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-132X BN 0-7923-2529-X J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1993 VL 252 BP 397 EP 414 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA BA36D UT WOS:A1993BA36D00038 ER PT S AU BOREMAN, J CORREIA, SJ WITHERELL, DB AF BOREMAN, J CORREIA, SJ WITHERELL, DB BE Fuiman, LA TI EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN AGE-0 SURVIVAL AND FISHING MORTALITY ON EGG-PRODUCTION OF WINTER FLOUNDER IN CAPE-COD BAY SO WATER QUALITY AND THE EARLY LIFE STAGES OF FISHES SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Larval Fish Conference on Environmental Quality and the Early Life Stages of Fishes CY JUN 16-20, 1992 CL KINGSTON, RI SP UNIV RHODE ISLAND C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,NOAA,CMER PROGRAM,AMHERST,MA 01003. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-86-5 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1993 VL 14 BP 39 EP 45 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BZ63H UT WOS:A1993BZ63H00004 ER PT S AU MACLEAN, SA AF MACLEAN, SA BE Fuiman, LA TI PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF NARRAGANSETT BAY YOUNG-OF-THE-YEAR WINTER FLOUNDER SO WATER QUALITY AND THE EARLY LIFE STAGES OF FISHES SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Larval Fish Conference on Environmental Quality and the Early Life Stages of Fishes CY JUN 16-20, 1992 CL KINGSTON, RI SP UNIV RHODE ISLAND C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-86-5 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1993 VL 14 BP 47 EP 54 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BZ63H UT WOS:A1993BZ63H00005 ER PT S AU BODAMMER, JE AF BODAMMER, JE BE Fuiman, LA TI THE TERATOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CONTAMINANTS ON EMBRYONIC AND LARVAL FISHES EXPOSED AS EMBRYOS - A BRIEF REVIEW SO WATER QUALITY AND THE EARLY LIFE STAGES OF FISHES SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Larval Fish Conference on Environmental Quality and the Early Life Stages of Fishes CY JUN 16-20, 1992 CL KINGSTON, RI SP UNIV RHODE ISLAND C1 UNIV RHODE ISL,COLL RESOURCE DEV,DEPT FISHERIES ANIM & VET SCI,NOAA,KINGSTON,RI 02881. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-86-5 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1993 VL 14 BP 77 EP 84 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BZ63H UT WOS:A1993BZ63H00008 ER PT S AU THEILACKER, GH SHEN, W AF THEILACKER, GH SHEN, W BE Fuiman, LA TI CALIBRATING STARVATION-INDUCED STRESS IN LARVAL FISH USING FLOW-CYTOMETRY SO WATER QUALITY AND THE EARLY LIFE STAGES OF FISHES SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Larval Fish Conference on Environmental Quality and the Early Life Stages of Fishes CY JUN 16-20, 1992 CL KINGSTON, RI SP UNIV RHODE ISLAND C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98115. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-86-5 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1993 VL 14 BP 85 EP 94 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BZ63H UT WOS:A1993BZ63H00009 ER PT S AU LANDAHL, JT JOHNSON, LL AF LANDAHL, JT JOHNSON, LL BE Fuiman, LA TI CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE AND POPULATION-GROWTH OF ENGLISH SOLE IN PUGET-SOUND - THE NEED FOR BETTER EARLY LIFE-HISTORY DATA SO WATER QUALITY AND THE EARLY LIFE STAGES OF FISHES SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Larval Fish Conference on Environmental Quality and the Early Life Stages of Fishes CY JUN 16-20, 1992 CL KINGSTON, RI SP UNIV RHODE ISLAND C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,SEATTLE,WA 98112. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-86-5 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1993 VL 14 BP 117 EP 123 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BZ63H UT WOS:A1993BZ63H00012 ER PT S AU HOSS, DE THAYER, GW AF HOSS, DE THAYER, GW BE Fuiman, LA TI THE IMPORTANCE OF HABITAT TO THE EARLY-LIFE HISTORY OF ESTUARINE DEPENDENT FISHES SO WATER QUALITY AND THE EARLY LIFE STAGES OF FISHES SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Larval Fish Conference on Environmental Quality and the Early Life Stages of Fishes CY JUN 16-20, 1992 CL KINGSTON, RI SP UNIV RHODE ISLAND C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516. NR 0 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-86-5 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1993 VL 14 BP 147 EP 158 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BZ63H UT WOS:A1993BZ63H00014 ER PT J AU LANKOSZ, M HOLYNSKA, B PELLA, PA AF LANKOSZ, M HOLYNSKA, B PELLA, PA TI EXPERIMENTAL-VERIFICATION OF A MONTE-CARLO METHOD FOR X-RAY MICROFLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS OF SMALL PARTICLES SO X-RAY SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article AB A Monte Carlo method for the simulation of matrix and particle size effects in the x-ray microfluorescence analysis of individual particles was tested experimentally. Two procedures for experimental measurement of calcium and iron K x-rays from spherical glass particles were developed and evaluated. The results of Monte Carlo simulation are in agreement with experimental data within 10% relative, and are considered satisfactory as a first step in performing quantitative microfluorescence analysis of particles having diameters less than 200 mum. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP LANKOSZ, M (reprint author), STANISLAW STASZIC UNIV MIN & MET,INST PHYS & NUCL TECHNIQUES,AL MICKIEWICZA 30,PL-30059 KRAKOW,POLAND. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0049-8246 J9 X-RAY SPECTROM JI X-Ray Spectrom. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 22 IS 1 BP 54 EP 57 DI 10.1002/xrs.1300220112 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA KJ580 UT WOS:A1993KJ58000010 ER PT J AU GYGAX, FN AMATO, A ANDERSON, IS RUSH, JJ SCHENCK, A AF GYGAX, FN AMATO, A ANDERSON, IS RUSH, JJ SCHENCK, A TI STUDY OF MU+ LOCALIZATION AND DIFFUSION IN SC AND SCH0.05 SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Metal-Hydrogen Systems: Fundamentals and Applications CY JUN 08-12, 1992 CL UPPSALA, SWEDEN DE POSITIVE MUON (H) LOCATION IN SC; DIFFUSION; ISOTOPE EFFECT (MUON, H); MUON SPIN ROTATION ID HYDROGEN; METALS AB The location and diffusion of positive muons in single crystal samples of Sc and ScH0.05 have been studied. Low temperature results clearly show that, as in the case of hydrogen, the muons occupy the tetrahedral sites in the hcp lattice and produce a slightly anisotropic local expansion of the surrounding metal atoms. At higher temperatures motional narrowing is observed due to the onset of mu+ diffusion and the deduced correlation times follow an Arrhenius behaviour above 100 K. The corresponding activation energies are 0.025 eV for Sc and 0.054 eV for ScH0.05. A significant deviation from Arrhenius behaviour was observed for the ScH0.05 sample below 100 K and may be related to muon trapping by H. C1 INST LAUE LANGEVIN,F-38042 GRENOBLE 9,FRANCE. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP GYGAX, FN (reprint author), ETHZ,INST MITTELENERGIEPHYS,CH-5232 VILLIGEN,SWITZERLAND. RI Amato, Alex/H-7674-2013 OI Amato, Alex/0000-0001-9963-7498 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH 80 PA ROSENHEIMER STR 145 POSTFACH 801360, W-8000 MUNICH 80, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 1993 VL 181 BP 119 EP 123 PN 1-2 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA NB576 UT WOS:A1993NB57600016 ER PT J AU UDOVIC, TJ RUSH, JJ BERK, NF ANDERSON, IS DAOU, JN VAJDA, P BLASCHKO, O AF UDOVIC, TJ RUSH, JJ BERK, NF ANDERSON, IS DAOU, JN VAJDA, P BLASCHKO, O TI NEUTRON SPECTROSCOPIC COMPARISON OF RARE-EARTH HYDROGEN ALPHA-PHASE SYSTEMS SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Metal-Hydrogen Systems, Fundamentals and Applications CY JUN 08-12, 1992 CL UPPSALA, SWEDEN DE RARE EARTH METALS; HYDROGEN SOLUTION; INELASTIC NEUTRON SCATTERING; SHORT-RANGE ORDER ID PHONON-DISPERSION; EXCITATIONS; SCATTERING; YTTRIUM AB incoherent inelastic neutron scattering was used to study the vibrational spectroscopy of hydrogen (and deuterium) in alpha-phase solid solution with Sc, Lu, and Y. Low-resolution spectra of the tetrahedrally-bound H (and D) in the three rare-earth metals exhibit similar behavior: a soft c-axis-polarized vibration approximately 25 - 30% lower in energy than the doubly-degenerate vibrations polarized along the basal plane. Previous diffuse elastic neutron scattering studies of these systems indicate the existence of short-range ordering of metal-atom-bridged hydrogen pairs into c-axis directed chains. High-resolution spectra of the broad c-axis vibrations reveal a temperature- and H-concentration-dependent splitting believed to represent local ''optic'' and ''acoustic'' bands associated with the dynamical coupling of these hydrogen pairs. The shape and width of these bands at low temperature near the alpha/beta-phase boundary vary among the three metals, becoming sharper in the order of increasing atomic volume (Sc-->Lu-->Y), and suggesting an increasing extent of short-range order of hydrogen pairs. C1 INST MAX VON LAUE PAUL LANGEVIN,F-38042 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. UNIV PARIS 11,CNRS,SPECT ATOM & ION LAB,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. ECOLE POLYTECH,SOLIDES IRRADIES LAB,F-91128 PALAISEAU,FRANCE. UNIV VIENNA,INST EXPTL PHYS,A-1090 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. RP UDOVIC, TJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH 80 PA ROSENHEIMER STR 145 POSTFACH 801360, W-8000 MUNICH 80, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 1993 VL 179 BP 349 EP 357 PN 1-2 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA MN765 UT WOS:A1993MN76500044 ER PT J AU KNELL, U HEID, C WIPF, H UDOVIC, TJ RUSH, JJ LAUTER, HJ AF KNELL, U HEID, C WIPF, H UDOVIC, TJ RUSH, JJ LAUTER, HJ TI HYDROGEN IN YBA2CU3OX - A NEUTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND A NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE STUDY SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Metal-Hydrogen Systems, Fundamentals and Applications CY JUN 08-12, 1992 CL UPPSALA, SWEDEN DE HYDROGEN IN YBA2CU3OX; WATER IN YBA2CU3OX; NEUTRON SPECTROSCOPY; NMR STUDY ID HXYBA2CU3O7; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB The high temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3Ox absorbs considerable amounts of hydrogen if it is kept at elevated temperatures in a hydrogen gas atmosphere. In parallel neutron spectroscopic and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, we studied the vibrational spectra and the spin lattice relaxation time of the protons in YBa2Cu3Ox samples that were doped with hydrogen due to the absorption of hydrogen gas. Both, the vibrational spectra and the spin lattice relaxation time are a sensitive probe for the local environment of the protons. We carried out analogous measurements on samples with a similar proton concentration due to the uptake of water vapour. These experiments demonstrated a totally different local environment of the protons. This fact is a strong indication that the protons absorbed from the hydrogen gas atmosphere did not react with the oxygen of the sample under formation of molecular water. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. INST MAX VON LAUE PAUL LANGEVIN,F-38042 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. RP KNELL, U (reprint author), TECH HSCH DARMSTADT,INST FESTKORPERPHYS,HSCH STR 6,D-64289 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH 80 PA ROSENHEIMER STR 145 POSTFACH 801360, W-8000 MUNICH 80, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 1993 VL 179 BP 397 EP 401 PN 1-2 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA MN765 UT WOS:A1993MN76500050 ER PT J AU HANSON, MB BLEDSOE, LJ KIRKEVOLD, BC CASSON, CJ NIGHTINGALE, JW AF HANSON, MB BLEDSOE, LJ KIRKEVOLD, BC CASSON, CJ NIGHTINGALE, JW TI BEHAVIORAL BUDGETS OF CAPTIVE SEA OTTER MOTHER PUP PAIRS DURING PUP DEVELOPMENT SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; MATERNAL CARE; BEHAVIORAL ONTOGENY; SCAN SAMPLING AB Instantaneous sampling of eight behavior categories for a captive mother sea otter (Enhydra lutris) and her four pups was conducted continuously during the first three months following each pup's birth. Initially, pup-grooming and rest occupied the largest proportion of the mother's time. Despite a steady decline in the amount of time the mother spent pup-grooming, the mother continued to groom the pup a substantial amount of time three months after the pup's birth. The proportion of time the mother spent resting, self-grooming, or swimming did not change significantly over the study period, suggesting that these behaviors are important to the mother's self-maintenance. The newborn pups' behaviors were initially limited to rest, active, and nursing, with large proportions of time spent resting and nursing. A significant increase in self-grooming occurred regularly by week 2, followed by increases in swimming (week 3), diving (week 6), and feeding (week 7). Three months after birth, the pups' behavior budgets were similar to their mother, with the exception that pups self-groomed substantially less than their mother self-groomed. The lower proportion of pup self-grooming may be due to the continued close proximity to their mother in captivity, which afforded extended association, and allowed the mother to continue to perform this complex behavior for the pup. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP HANSON, MB (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,BLDG 4,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PY 1993 VL 12 IS 5 BP 459 EP 477 DI 10.1002/zoo.1430120508 PG 19 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA MD416 UT WOS:A1993MD41600007 ER PT J AU SENGERS, JMHL HARVEY, AH CROVETTO, R GALLAGHER, JS AF SENGERS, JMHL HARVEY, AH CROVETTO, R GALLAGHER, JS TI STANDARD STATES, REFERENCE STATES AND FINITE-CONCENTRATION EFFECTS IN NEAR-CRITICAL MIXTURES WITH APPLICATIONS TO AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS; ASYMMETRIC CONVENTION; CRITICAL POINT; DEBYE-HUCKEL SLOPE; INFINITE DILUTION; PARTIAL MOLAR PROPERTIES; HELMHOLTZ FREE ENERGY ID SOLVENTS CRITICAL-POINT; APPARENT MOLAR VOLUMES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; HEAT-CAPACITIES; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; DILUTE MIXTURES; NACL SOLUTIONS; TEMPERATURES; EQUATIONS AB The excess Gibbs free energy reference states of both solvent and solute, as commonly used for aqueous solutions, behave anomalously near the critical point of water. This leads to a concentration-dependence of the partial and apparent molar properties that is stronger than usually assumed for nonelectrolyte as well as for electrolyte solutions, and affects a large range of pressure-temperature space where water is highly compressible. As a consequence, extrapolation techniques developed for extracting infinite-dilution properties from data at finite concentration will fail. Examples from various experimental sources, including recent volume measurements in supercritical dilute aqueous CO2, will be used to make this point. The anomalous initial concentration dependence of apparent molar properties interferes with the determination of the Debye-Huckel slopes as currently practiced. Even more seriously, the Debye-Huckel limiting law description, conventionally incorporated in the excess Gibbs free energy, fails when the compressibility of the solvent changes rapidly. A more appropriate frame of reference will be proposed. C1 SIMULAT SCI INC,FULLERTON,CA 92633. PENN STATE UNIV,CTR ADV MAT,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP SENGERS, JMHL (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,TECHNOL ADM,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD DEC 31 PY 1992 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 107 DI 10.1016/0378-3812(92)85145-X PG 23 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA KN272 UT WOS:A1992KN27200004 ER PT J AU DEFIBAUGH, DR GILLIS, KA MOLDOVER, MR MORRISON, G SCHMIDT, JW AF DEFIBAUGH, DR GILLIS, KA MOLDOVER, MR MORRISON, G SCHMIDT, JW TI THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CHF2-O-CHF2, BIS(DIFLUOROMETHYL) ETHER SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article AB We have measured the thermodynamic properties of bis(difluoromethyl) ether, CHF2-O-CHF2, a candidate alternative refrigerant that is also known as E134. From the data we obtained the coefficients of a Camahan-Starling-DeSantis equation of state and a polynomial representation of the ideal-gas heat capacity. This representation of the thermodynamic properties of E134 is consistent with the computer package REFPROP distributed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology to represent the properties of many candidate refrigerants. The representation is based on measurements of the refractive index of the saturated liquid and vapor, and the speed of sound of the dilute vapor. These measurements provide the boiling point, critical parameters, and the ideal-gas heat capacity of E134. Measurements on less pure samples were used to estimate the density of saturated liquid E134 and compressed liquid E134, and the interfacial tension. The pure samples appeared to be stable during the measurements; under similar conditions impure samples were not. Azeotropy in mixtures of E134 with CHF2CH2F (also known as R143) was discovered. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013 NR 9 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD DEC 31 PY 1992 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 285 EP 305 DI 10.1016/0378-3812(92)85158-5 PG 21 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA KN272 UT WOS:A1992KN27200017 ER PT J AU BARTSCHAT, K THUMM, U NORCROSS, DW AF BARTSCHAT, K THUMM, U NORCROSS, DW TI CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGHT-EMISSION AFTER LOW-ENERGY ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION OF CESIUM ATOMS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID SCATTERING AB Results of a recent calculation for e-Cs scattering, carried out in a fully relativistic (Dirac R-matrix) framework, are used to calculate the polarization of the light emitted by excited caesium atoms in an energy range from threshold to 2.7 eV. They are compared with previous semirelativistic Breit-Pauli calculations and the available experimental data. The results indicate that the Percival-Seaton theory approximating relativistic scattering amplitudes by recoupling amplitudes from a non-relativistic LS calculation is not valid for low-energy e-Cs scattering. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV QUANTUM PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP BARTSCHAT, K (reprint author), DRAKE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,DES MOINES,IA 50311, USA. RI Bartschat, Klaus/I-2527-2012; OI Thumm, Uwe/0000-0001-9378-6601 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD DEC 28 PY 1992 VL 25 IS 24 BP L641 EP L646 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/25/24/004 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA KH150 UT WOS:A1992KH15000004 ER PT J AU BUDZINSKI, H RADKE, M GARRIGUES, P WISE, SA BELLOCQ, J WILLSCH, H AF BUDZINSKI, H RADKE, M GARRIGUES, P WISE, SA BELLOCQ, J WILLSCH, H TI GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC RETENTION BEHAVIOR OF ALKYLATED PHENANTHRENES ON A SMECTIC LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE PHASE - APPLICATION TO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CRUDE OILS; STATIONARY PHASES; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; DISTRIBUTION PATTERN; ANCIENT SEDIMENTS; MAHAKAM-DELTA; MATURITY; TRIMETHYLNAPHTHALENES; IDENTIFICATION AB The retention indices for the 30 C2 phenanthrenes and 33 trimethylphenanthrenes were determined by gas chromatography on a smectic liquid crystalline phase. The retention behaviour of these alkylated phenanthrenes was related to molecular shape considerations: length-to-breadth ratio, dihedral angle and substitution pattern. In addition, the influence on the retention behaviour of the arc-like shape of the phenanthrene molecule was investigated. Based on these results, 12 C2 phenanthrenes and 25 trimethylphenanthrenes were identified in natural samples, such as crude oils and rock extracts. C1 UNIV BORDEAUX 1, CNRS, URA 348, F-33405 TALENCE, FRANCE. FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, RES CTR, INST PETR & ORGAN GEOCHEM, W-5170 JULICH 1, GERMANY. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV ORGAN ANALYT CHEM, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 39 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD DEC 25 PY 1992 VL 627 IS 1-2 BP 227 EP 239 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(92)87202-J PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA KG146 UT WOS:A1992KG14600022 ER PT J AU ZHANG, ZY SAINI, RD KURYLO, MJ HUIE, RE AF ZHANG, ZY SAINI, RD KURYLO, MJ HUIE, RE TI A TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT KINETIC-STUDY OF THE REACTION OF THE HYDROXYL RADICAL WITH CH3BR SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OZONE DEPLETION; RATE CONSTANTS; OH; HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; STRATOSPHERE; BRO AB Rate constants have been measured for the gas phase reaction of the hydroxyl radical (OH) with CH3Br over the temperature range 250 to 400 K. The Arrhenius expression k = 5.79 x 10(-12) exp(-1560/T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 was derived from the kinetic data. From the rate constant at 277 K, the tropospheric lifetime of CH3Br with respect to reaction with OH is estimated to be 2.2 years and the overall atmospheric lifetime to be 2.1 years. RP ZHANG, ZY (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Huie, Robert/A-5645-2010; Kurylo, Michael/H-2201-2012 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 24 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 24 BP 2413 EP 2416 DI 10.1029/92GL02929 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KG677 UT WOS:A1992KG67700014 ER PT J AU CHRISTENSEN, RG MALONE, W AF CHRISTENSEN, RG MALONE, W TI DETERMINATION OF OLTIPRAZ IN SERUM BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH OPTICAL ABSORBENCY AND MASS-SPECTROMETRIC DETECTION SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Three methods have been developed for the analysis of Oltipraz in serum. A method suitable for routine use employs spiking with a homologous internal standard, off-line solid-phase extraction. high-performance liquid chromatographic separation, and optical absorbance detection at 450 nm. Method detection limit is about 1 ng/ml. A second method, less susceptible to bias from co-eluting interferences, uses a stable isotope-labeled internal standard, similar extraction and separation, and detection by thermospray mass spectrometry. Method detection limit is about 0.2 ng/ml. A third method was developed which can be used without specially synthesized internal standards. It uses on-line solid-phase extraction, with quantification by comparison with external standards. Method detection limit is about 3 ng/ml. Good agreement was observed between these methods and with similar and different methods run in other laboratories. Calibration curves were linear over the entire range which was investigated, i.e., up to 500 ng/ml. Coefficients of variation were similar for all three methods, being about 5%. C1 NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,CHEMOPREVENT BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP CHRISTENSEN, RG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV ORGAN ANALYT RES,222-B158,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [Y01-CN-80655] NR 3 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR-BIOMED JI J. Chromatogr.-Biomed. Appl. PD DEC 23 PY 1992 VL 584 IS 2 BP 207 EP 212 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(92)80577-D PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA KD797 UT WOS:A1992KD79700009 PM 1484105 ER PT J AU STELLA, AL ORLANDINI, E BEICHL, I SULLIVAN, F TESI, MC EINSTEIN, TL AF STELLA, AL ORLANDINI, E BEICHL, I SULLIVAN, F TESI, MC EINSTEIN, TL TI SELF-AVOIDING SURFACES, TOPOLOGY, AND LATTICE ANIMALS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BRANCHED POLYMERS; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; 2-DIMENSIONAL VESICLES; MONTE-CARLO; UNIVERSALITY AB With Monte Carlo simulation we study closed self-avoiding surfaces (SAS) of arbitrary genus on a cubic lattice. The gyration radius and entropic exponents are nu=0.506 +/- 0.005 and theta=1.50 +/- 0.06, respectively. Thus, SAS behave like lattice animals (LA) or branched polymers at criticality. This result, contradicting previous conjectures, is due to a mechanism of geometrical redundancy, which is tested by exact renormalization on a hierarchical vesicle model. By mapping SAS into restricted interacting site LA, we conjecture nu(THETA)=1/2 , phi(THETA)=1, and theta(THETA)=3/2 at the LA theta point. C1 CONSORZIO IST NAZL FIS MAT,UNITA PADOVA,I-35131 PADUA,ITALY. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,COMP & APPL MATH LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP STELLA, AL (reprint author), IST NAZL FIS NUCL BOLOGNA,DIPARTIMENTO FIS & SEZ,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. OI Einstein, Theodore L./0000-0001-6031-4923 NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 21 PY 1992 VL 69 IS 25 BP 3650 EP 3653 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.3650 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA KC931 UT WOS:A1992KC93100015 ER PT J AU ZHAO, YZ HARDESTY, RM POST, MJ AF ZHAO, YZ HARDESTY, RM POST, MJ TI MULTIBEAM TRANSMITTER FOR SIGNAL DYNAMIC-RANGE REDUCTION IN INCOHERENT LIDAR SYSTEMS SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID RETURN SIGNALS; OZONE AB A multibeam transmitter provides the flexibility to change the overlap function and range response function of monostatic incoherent lidar systems. A nearly flat range response and a close near-range coverage can be achieved simultaneously, even under different atmospheric conditions. Such a significant improvement in range response will solve the problem of detector overexposure by near-range atmosphere-backscattered radiation (which leads to nonlinear response, saturation, or even damage of the detector), and will significantly reduce the dynamic range of the detector output signal, thus reducing quantization error of the digitizer. Consequently, the accuracy of lidar measurements, especially that of differential absorption lidar measurements, will be improved. RP ZHAO, YZ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, NOAA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 36 BP 7623 EP 7632 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA KF520 UT WOS:A1992KF52000018 PM 20802643 ER PT J AU ZAVOROTNY, VU AF ZAVOROTNY, VU TI REMOTE PROBING OF A DISTANT TURBULENT LAYER USING VARIOUS SPATIAL-FILTERING METHODS SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SCINTILLATION; PROFILES AB A theoretical analysis of short-exposure, spatial power spectra of defocused images viewed through a thin scattering layer is given. Information about the position of the layer can be recovered from these spectra by using a class of quasi-one-dimensional incoherent sources and a spatial filter on the aperture plane. The same approach can be used to obtain refractive turbulent profiles with high spatial resolution in an extended medium. RP ZAVOROTNY, VU (reprint author), NOAA, ENVIRONM RES LABS, R E WP1, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 36 BP 7660 EP 7668 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA KF520 UT WOS:A1992KF52000022 PM 20802647 ER PT J AU DELABEAUJARDIERE, JF KIPLINGER, AL CANFIELD, RC AF DELABEAUJARDIERE, JF KIPLINGER, AL CANFIELD, RC TI COORDINATED SPECTRAL AND TEMPORAL H-ALPHA OBSERVATIONS OF A SOLAR-FLARE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE LINE, PROFILES; SUN, CHROMOSPHERE; SUN, FLARES ID NONTHERMAL ELECTRONS AB We report simultaneous observations of a flare (1991 January 11 18:25 UT) with a combination of spectra and high time resolution images in Halpha. The Mees Solar Observatory CCD Imaging Spectrograph obtains spectra and spectroheliograms with a repetition rate of 14 s. These data permit the identification of sites of nonthermal electron precipitation or of high coronal pressure. The NASA/GSFC High-Speed Halpha Camera obtains line-center and blue-wing (- 1.3 angstrom) images with 0.1 s time resolution. These time-resolved data can show the presence or absence of impulsive behavior. We observe extremely strong electron precipitation in this flare; we find reasonable agreement between the observed profiles and theoretical precipitation spectra. We discuss the possibility that the spectra classed as precipitation signatures are in fact the result of a projection effect, and we indicate limitations of the one-dimensional theoretical models. We also observe redshifted emission which may be the signature of a chromospheric condensation, and we compare the downflow velocity with that predicted by the numerical model of Fisher. The slowing-down time of the observed downflow is about 4 times longer than in the model, perhaps because of the superposition of several unresolved condensations. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP DELABEAUJARDIERE, JF (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII,INST ASTRON,2680 WOODLAWN DR,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. RI de La Beaujardiere, Jeff/D-9579-2012 OI de La Beaujardiere, Jeff/0000-0002-1001-9210 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 1992 VL 401 IS 2 BP 761 EP 767 DI 10.1086/172104 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA KD149 UT WOS:A1992KD14900031 ER PT J AU COVERT, DS KAPUSTIN, VN QUINN, PK BATES, TS AF COVERT, DS KAPUSTIN, VN QUINN, PK BATES, TS TI NEW PARTICLE FORMATION IN THE MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MOBILITY ANALYZER TSI; DIFFERENT FLOW-RATES; AEROSOL CONCENTRATIONS; MODEL 3071; NUCLEATION; PACIFIC; CYCLES; SULFUR AB Aerosol measurements were made in the marine boundary layer along the coast of Washington State during the Pacific Stratus sulfur Investigation. On April 22 the particle concentration increased to levels much higher than usual for the clean marine boundary layer. The total particulate number concentration greater than 3 nm diameter increased rapidly from about 250 cm-3 to 3200 cm-3, remained near that level for 7 hours, and then decreased over the next 2 hours to less than 400 cm-3. The change could not be attributed to either local of distant contamination. Immediately before the increase particulate surface area concentration dropped from 25 mum2 cm-3 to less than 5 mum2 cm-3. The SO2 concentration increased from about 20 pptv to 40-60 pptv just before the increase in particle concentration. While these measurements cannot distinguish between changes in number concentration caused by particle nucleation versus advection or vertical mixing, clearly there was recent or continuing particle production on a mesoscale in the air mass. Related aircraft measurements and model results support the hypothesis of new particle formation. These data provide evidence that at times high concentrations of new, ultrafine particles are formed at low SO2 concentrations under marine conditions. This homogeneous nucleation, as opposed to heterogeneous condensation on existing particles, is strongly and inversely dependent on the concentration of existing particles. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. ACAD SCI MOSCOW, INST ATMOSPHER PHYS, MOSCOW, RUSSIA. NOAA, PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA. RP COVERT, DS (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 19 TC 169 Z9 172 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D18 BP 20581 EP 20589 DI 10.1029/92JD02074 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KF923 UT WOS:A1992KF92300020 ER PT J AU CANTRELL, CA LIND, JA SHETTER, RE CALVERT, JG GOLDAN, PD KUSTER, W FEHSENFELD, FC MONTZKA, SA PARRISH, DD WILLIAMS, EJ BUHR, MP WESTBERG, HH ALLWINE, G MARTIN, R AF CANTRELL, CA LIND, JA SHETTER, RE CALVERT, JG GOLDAN, PD KUSTER, W FEHSENFELD, FC MONTZKA, SA PARRISH, DD WILLIAMS, EJ BUHR, MP WESTBERG, HH ALLWINE, G MARTIN, R TI PEROXY-RADICALS IN THE ROSE EXPERIMENT - MEASUREMENT AND THEORY SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; ALKYL NITRATE FORMATION; METHYL VINYL KETONE; NATURAL HYDROCARBONS; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MATRIX-ISOLATION; NO3 RADICALS; ISOPRENE AB The concentrations of the HO2-RO2 species measured during July 11, 1990. in the ROSE (Rural Oxidants in the Southern Environment) study m Alabama are compared to those expected in theory from calculations based upon detailed hourly measurements of a variety of trace gases including the hydrocarbons, NO. NO2, carbonyl -pounds. CO, PAN (peroxyacetylnitrate) and calculated j(O3) values. The measurements are also compared with the [HO2] + [RO2] as estimated from deviations from the NO2+ hv (+02) reversible NO + 03 photostationary state. Within the error of the measurements all of the data appear to be in reasonable accord. C1 NOAA,AERONOMY LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. CHEM ENGN LAB ATMOSPHER RES,PULLMAN,WA. RP CANTRELL, CA (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,DIV ATMOSPHER CHEM,BOULDER,CO 80307, USA. RI Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013 OI Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; NR 51 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D18 BP 20671 EP 20686 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KF923 UT WOS:A1992KF92300026 ER PT J AU NOVELLI, PC STEELE, LP TANS, PP AF NOVELLI, PC STEELE, LP TANS, PP TI MIXING RATIOS OF CARBON-MONOXIDE IN THE TROPOSPHERE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID 1985 DRY SEASON; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS; LATITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION; EARTHS ATMOSPHERE; AMAZON BASIN; CAPE POINT; CO; METHANE; TRENDS AB Carbon monoxide (CO) mixing ratios were measured in air samples collected weekly at eight locations. The air was collected as part of the CMDL/NOAA cooperative flask sampling program (Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, formerly Geophysical Monitoring for Climatic Change, Air Resources Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) at Point Barrow, Alaska (71-degrees-N). Niwot Ridge, Colorado (40-degrees-N), Mauna Loa and Cape Kumakahi, Hawaii (19-degrees-N), Guam, Marianas Islands (13-degrees-N), Christmas Island (2-degrees-N), Ascension Island (8-degrees-S) and American Samoa (14-degrees-S). Half-liter or 3-L glass flasks fitted with glass piston stopcocks holding teflon 0 rings were used for sample collection. CO levels were determined within several weeks of collection using gas chromatography followed by mercuric oxide reduction detection, and mixing ratios were referenced against the CMDL/NOAA carbon monoxide standard scale. During the period of study (mid-1988 through December 1990) CO levels were greatest in the high latitudes of the northern hemisphere (mean mixing ratio from January 1989 to December 1990 at Point Barrow was approximately 154 ppb) and decreased towards the south (mean mixing ratio at Samoa over a similar period was 65 ppb). Mixing ratios varied seasonally, the amplitude of the seasonal cycle was greatest in the north and decreased to the south. Carbon monoxide levels were affected by both local and regional scale processes. The difference in CO levels between northern and southern latitudes also varied seasonally. The greatest difference in CO mixing ratios between Barrow and Samoa was observed during the northern winter (about 150 ppb). The smallest difference, 40 ppb, occurred during the austral winter. The annually averaged CO difference between 71-degrees-N and 14-degrees-S was approximately 90 ppb in both 1989 and 1990; the annually averaged interhemispheric gradient from 71-degrees-N to 41-degrees-S is estimated as approximately 95 ppb. C1 NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP NOVELLI, PC (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009 OI Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730 NR 66 TC 181 Z9 186 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D18 BP 20731 EP 20750 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KF923 UT WOS:A1992KF92300030 ER PT J AU LIU, X BLATHERWICK, RD MURCRAY, FJ KEYS, JG SOLOMON, S AF LIU, X BLATHERWICK, RD MURCRAY, FJ KEYS, JG SOLOMON, S TI MEASUREMENTS AND MODEL-CALCULATIONS OF HCL COLUMN AMOUNTS AND RELATED PARAMETERS OVER MCMURDO DURING THE AUSTRAL SPRING IN 1989 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY; POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS; ANTARCTIC OZONE EXPERIMENT; INFRARED MEASUREMENTS; FUNDAMENTAL BANDS; TRACE GASES; STATION; NITROGEN; CONDENSATION; ATMOSPHERE AB Solar spectra obtained from a ground-based Fourier transform infrared instrument at McMurdo, Antarctica in the spring of 1989 have been analyzed to determine total HCl column amounts. A one-dimensional photochemical model was used to simulate the rate of recovery of HCl in the springtime. Low column amounts (about 1 X 10(15) molecules Cm-2) were observed in early september and may be attributed to the heterogeneous conversion of HCl to active chlorine species during the polar night. The rate of recovery of HCl is consistent with its production by chlorine atoms reacting with methane and is dependent on concentrations of active chlorine species and NO molecules in the altitude region from 12 to 22 km. High HCl column amounts (about 7 x 10(15) molecules cm-2) were observed following recovery in late October, suggesting that the lower stratosphere in the polar region had descended relative to mid-latitudes and that the degree of dechlorination of the transported air was very small. C1 NATL INST WATER & ATMOSPHER RES,LAUDER,NEW ZEALAND. NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,AERONOMY LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP LIU, X (reprint author), UNIV DENVER,DEPT PHYS,DENVER,CO 80210, USA. NR 46 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D18 BP 20795 EP 20804 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KF923 UT WOS:A1992KF92300034 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, CR AVERY, SK AF WILLIAMS, CR AVERY, SK TI ANALYSIS OF LONG-PERIOD WAVES USING THE MESOSPHERE-STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE RADAR AT POKER FLAT, ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MST RADAR; METEOR RADAR; PLANETARY-WAVES; WIND-FIELD; 2-DAY WAVE; OSCILLATIONS; SCALE AB Using the mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere radar at Poker Flat. Alaska. the long-Period waves (greater than 1.5 but less than 36 days) in the troposphere/lower stratosphere and mesosphere were analyzed for the first 340 days of 1984. A 16-day wave was significant the whole year in all regions resolved by the radar and had maxima in the winter lower stratosphere, consistent with the (1,3) Rossby normal mode. Contrary to the theory of the (1,3) normal mode, the observed 16-day wave had a maximum in the Summer mesosphere Two possible explanations are given: (1) The 16-day wave was generated in the winter hemisphere, then propagated vertically and toward the summer pole following the westerly mean winds and (2) gravity waves fro n the summer troposphere modulated by the 16-day tropospheric wave propagated vertically into the mesosphere where the resulting momentum deposition varied in a 16-day cycle The period of the 16-day wave varied from 12 to 19 days in the summer mesosphere. The quasi 2-day period in the high summer mesosphere migrated from about 51 to 47 hours over midsummer to midautumn. RP WILLIAMS, CR (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015 OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850 NR 22 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D18 BP 20855 EP 20861 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KF923 UT WOS:A1992KF92300038 ER PT J AU ROSOV, N LYNN, JW CAO, G OREILLY, JW PERNAMBUCOWISE, P CROW, JE AF ROSOV, N LYNN, JW CAO, G OREILLY, JW PERNAMBUCOWISE, P CROW, JE TI MAGNETIC-ORDERING OF THE CU SPINS IN PRBA2CU3O6+X SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article ID ANTIFERROMAGNETIC ORDER; PR; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA AB Neutron diffraction has been employed to investigate the magnetic ordering of the Cu spins in a single crystal of PrBa2Cu3O6+x. At small x we have observed a Neel temperature T(N) of 370 K, where both the chain and plane Cu spins order simultaneously. For x approximately 0.6, the Cu planes still order at T(N) approximately 370 K; however, the ordering temperature of the chain spins has decreased to approximately 160 K. The observed intensities of the magnetic reflections cannot be explained by keeping the chain layer Cu spin direction in the ab plane; rather, the chain moments must have a component along the c direction. We dicuss these results in light of recent optical reflectivity measurements on PrBa2Cu3O6+x by Takenaka et al. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,CTR SUPERCONDUCT RES,COLL PK,MD 20742. FLORIDA STATE UNIV,NATL HIGH MAGNET FIELD LAB,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. RP ROSOV, N (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 18 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC 20 PY 1992 VL 204 IS 1-2 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(92)90587-3 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA KF572 UT WOS:A1992KF57200023 ER PT J AU VECCHIONE, M ROBISON, BH ROPER, CFE AF VECCHIONE, M ROBISON, BH ROPER, CFE TI A TALE OF 2 SPECIES - TAIL MORPHOLOGY IN PARALARVAL CHIROTEUTHIS (CEPHALOPODA, CHIROTEUTHIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB ''Doratopsis'' paralarvae of Chiroteuthis were observed in-situ and collected intact using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) in the eastern North Pacific and a manned submersible in the western North Atlantic. These specimens, the first with complete tails, show remarkable interspecific differences in tail morphology but little intraspecific variability. Eleven Pacific specimens had very long rigid tails characterized by pairs of large, fluid-inflated, lateral pouches separated by 4-6 flat, rounded, lateral lobes of tissue (referred to here as flaps, not finlets). The single Atlantic specimen had a long, rigid tail with long, pointed flaps staggered along its sides, each separated by 4-6 short, pointed flaps; when alive, it had what appeared to be very small pouches at the tips of the long flaps. We attribute the Pacific specimens to Chiroteuthis calyx Young. Of the species known from the western North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic specimen probably is not C. veranyi Ferrusac, C. lacertosa Verrill, nor C joubini Voss. It most likely is C capensis Voss or an undescribed species. C1 MONTEREY BAY AQUARIUM RES INST,PACIFIC GROVE,CA 93950. NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL MOLLUSKS,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP VECCHIONE, M (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,NMFS SYSTEMAT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 18 PY 1992 VL 105 IS 4 BP 683 EP 692 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA KD795 UT WOS:A1992KD79500004 ER PT J AU SNYDER, KA GARBOCZI, EJ DAY, AR AF SNYDER, KA GARBOCZI, EJ DAY, AR TI THE ELASTIC-MODULI OF SIMPLE 2-DIMENSIONAL ISOTROPIC COMPOSITES - COMPUTER-SIMULATION AND EFFECTIVE MEDIUM THEORY SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LONG-WAVELENGTH PROPAGATION; INTERFACIAL ZONE; INCLUSIONS; PERCOLATION; DIMENSIONS; FRACTURE; NETWORKS; MODEL AB An algorithm, combining digital-image with spring network techniques, has been developed that enables computation of the elastic moduli of random two-dimensional multiphase composites. This algorithm is used to study the case of isotropic, randomly centered, overlapping circular inclusions in an isotropic elastic matrix. The results of the algorithm for the few-inclusion limit, as well as the case where both phases have the same shear moduli, agree well with the exact results for these two problems. The case where the two phases have the same Poisson's ratio, but different Young's moduli, is also studied, and it is shown that the effective medium theory developed by Thorpe and Sen agrees well with the numerical results. A surprising result is that the effective moduli of systems with nonoverlapping circular inclusions are almost identical with the overlapping inclusion case, up to an inclusion area fraction of 50%. Using the validated effective medium theory, we illustrate how the effective Poisson's ratio nu behaves as a function of nu0, the pure phase Poisson's ratio, and the stiffness ratio between the two components. Two distinct regions of behavior are found, defined by nu0 > nu* and nu0 < nu*, where nu* is approximately 1/3 for the geometry of this model. C1 MARQUETTE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,MILWAUKEE,WI 53233. RP SNYDER, KA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BLDG MAT,226-B348,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 30 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 72 IS 12 BP 5948 EP 5955 DI 10.1063/1.351903 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA KC850 UT WOS:A1992KC85000060 ER PT J AU CHRISTENSEN, DH PELLEGRINO, JG HICKERNELL, RK CROCHIERE, SM PARSONS, CA RAI, RS AF CHRISTENSEN, DH PELLEGRINO, JG HICKERNELL, RK CROCHIERE, SM PARSONS, CA RAI, RS TI CHARACTERIZATION OF VERTICAL-CAVITY SEMICONDUCTOR STRUCTURES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; EPITAXIAL LAYERS; MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY; ALUMINUM CONCENTRATION; ROCKING CURVES; GAAS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; GROWTH AB Several analytical tools are applied to characterize vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser structures grown on GaAs wafers. These epitaxial structures are amenable to x-ray, electron-beam, and optical metrologies. Cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to measure layer thicknesses and uniformity. Photoluminescence wafer mapping was used to determine alloy composition uniformity across the wafer. Photoreflectance was also used to determine alloy composition. Cross-sectional microphotoluminescence was used to measure average alloy compositions in the top and bottom mirrors. Reflectance spectroscopy was used to characterize the cavity resonances and mirror layers. Double-crystal x-ray diffractometry (DCXRD) was used to characterize mirror layer dimensions, uniformity, and average alloy composition. Excellent agreement was found among these measurement techniques and between simulations and measurements. The results demonstrate the accuracy of the device simulation tools and the applicability of DCXRD in analyzing these structures. C1 BANDGAP TECHNOL CORP,BROOMFIELD,CO 80021. RP CHRISTENSEN, DH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,OPT ELECTR METROL GRP,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 72 IS 12 BP 5982 EP 5989 DI 10.1063/1.351908 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA KC850 UT WOS:A1992KC85000065 ER PT J AU XI, D VANDOLAH, FM RAMSDELL, JS AF XI, D VANDOLAH, FM RAMSDELL, JS TI MAITOTOXIN INDUCES A CALCIUM-DEPENDENT MEMBRANE DEPOLARIZATION IN GH4C1 PITUITARY-CELLS VIA ACTIVATION OF TYPE-L VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT CALCIUM CHANNELS SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHOINOSITIDE BREAKDOWN; GAMBIERDISCUS-TOXICUS; CA-2+ TRANSPORT; BETA-SUBUNIT; DINOFLAGELLATE; MECHANISMS; RELEASE; SYNAPTOSOMES; CURRENTS; AGONIST AB Maitotoxin (MTX) is a water-soluble polyether, isolated from the marine dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus, that stimulates hormone release and Ca2+ influx. We have investigated the action by which MTX induces Ca2+ influx and stimulates prolactin (PRL) release from GH4C1 rat pituitary cells. PRL release elicited by MTX is abolished in a concentration-dependent manner by nimodipine, a dihydropyridine (DHP) antagonist of type L voltage-dependent calcium channels (L-VDCC), indicating that MTX-enhanced PRL release occurs via activation of type L-VDCC. As an initial approach to determine whether MTX interacts directly with VDCC, we examined whether MTX affects the binding of [H-3]PN 200-110, a DHP class antagonist, in intact GH4C1 cells. MTX increased the B(max) of [H-3]PN 200-110 binding to intact GH4C1 cells from 4.6 +/- 0.03 to 12.5 +/- 2.2 fmol/10(6) cells, without changing the K(d). This indicates that MTX does not bind to the DHP site, but rather suggests that MTX may have an allosteric interaction with the DHP binding site. The effect of MTX on DHP binding was largely (65%) calcium-dependent. We next examined whether MTX alters the membrane potential of GH4C1 cells using the potential sensitive fluorescent dye bisoxonol. Addition of 100 ng/ml MTX to GH4C1 cells caused a membrane depolarization within 2.5 min which reached a plateau at 5 min. The MTX-induced depolarization was not prevented by substitution of impermeant choline ions for Na+. It was similarly unaffected by K+ channel blockers or by depleting the K+ chemical concentration gradient with gramicidin, a monovalent cation pore-forming agent. By contrast, low extracellular Ca2+ totally abolished the depolarization response, and nimodipine at 100 nM substantially reduced the MTX-induced membrane depolarization. These results indicate that the predominant effect of MTX on depolarization is Ca2+ influx through L-VDCC. Taken together, our results indicate that MTX-enhanced PRL release occurs exclusively via activation of type L-VDCC in GH4C1 Cells. We suggest that MTX induces an initial slow calcium conductance, possibly via an allosteric interaction with a component of the VDCC complex, which, in turn, initiates a positive feedback mechanism involving calcium-dependent membrane depolarization and voltage-dependent activation of calcium channels. C1 MED UNIV S CAROLINA,221 FT JOHNSON RD,CHARLESTON,SC 29412. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,CHARLESTON LAB,CHARLESTON,SC 29412. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 43107] NR 32 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 35 BP 25025 EP 25031 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA KB603 UT WOS:A1992KB60300020 PM 1334077 ER PT J AU DEARDEN, DV JOHNSON, RD HUDGENS, JW AF DEARDEN, DV JOHNSON, RD HUDGENS, JW TI DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GAS-PHASE GACL USING RESONANCE ENHANCED MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRUM; GAAS AB We report resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectra of gas-phase gallium monochloride (GaCl) produced with laser light tuned between 330 and 430 nm. The spectra originate from one, two, and three photon resonances with electronic states that reside between 29 500 and 80 000 cm-1. We have assigned five Rydberg series comprised of 20 new electronic states. Each state exhibits a short vibrational progression. A least-squares fit of the unperturbed Rydberg state origins yields the adiabatic ionization potential, IPa(GaCl) = 80 540 +/- 10 cm-1. We have also identified bands that originate from one-photon resonances with the previously known a 3PI state. We conservatively estimate the REMPI detection sensitivity for GaCl to be 109 molecules cm-3 (laser pulse)-1. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS 12 BP 8880 EP 8885 DI 10.1063/1.463362 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA KE637 UT WOS:A1992KE63700005 ER PT J AU POLAK, ML GERBER, G HO, J LINEBERGER, WC AF POLAK, ML GERBER, G HO, J LINEBERGER, WC TI PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY OF SMALL ANTIMONY CLUSTER ANIONS - SB-, SB-2(-), SB-3(-), AND SB-4(-) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GROUP-V ELEMENTS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY CURVES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; BISMUTH CLUSTERS; STATES; PHOTODETACHMENT; TETRAMERS; TRIMERS; AS-4(+); DIMERS AB We report the 351 nm photoelectron spectra of Sb-, Sb2-, Sb3-, and Sb4-. The electron affinity of atomic Sb is measured to be 1.046(5) eV. The Sb2- photoelectron spectrum displays rich vibrational and electronic structure. Low-lying electronically excited states are observed for both the anion and the neutral. Several features in both the 351 and 364 nm photoelectron spectra of Sb2- cannot be explained as Franck-Condon processes, indicating that we are accessing autodetaching resonances of the negative ion at these wavelengths. The adiabatic electron affinity of Sb2 is determined to be 1.282(8) eV. For the photoelectron spectra of Sb3- and Sb4-, the observed electronic structure is explained in terms of recently reported ab initio calculations. The adiabatic electron affinity of Sb3 is estimated to be 1.85(3) eV, and an upper bound on the electron affinity of Sb4 is reported, EA(Sb4) < 1.00(10) eV. The vertical detachment energies of Sb3- and Sb4- to the neutral ground states are determined to be 1.90(2) and 1.57(5) eV, respectively. We report photoelectron angular distributions for all the observed spectra, and find that the autodetaching resonance causes unusual angular distributions for Sb2- photodetachment. Finally, electron affinity trends for group V atoms, dimers, and small clusters are discussed in light of the present study. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV FRIBOURG,FAK PHYS,CH-1700 FRIBOURG,SWITZERLAND. RP POLAK, ML (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 39 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS 12 BP 8990 EP 9000 DI 10.1063/1.463326 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA KE637 UT WOS:A1992KE63700018 ER PT J AU BAND, YB JULIENNE, PS AF BAND, YB JULIENNE, PS TI MOLECULAR POPULATION TRANSFER, ALIGNMENT, AND ORIENTATION USING CHIRPED PULSE ABSORPTION SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED RAMAN-SCATTERING; VIBRATIONAL LEVELS; RAPID-PASSAGE; LASER-PULSES; INVERSION; BEAMS; DISSOCIATION; SYSTEMS; NA-2 AB We describe a technique for totally transferring the population of a molecular vibronic level to another optically accessible level by chirped pulse absorption. The method can be applied even for nonvanishing angular momentum states where the Rabi frequencies for the transitions depend on the magnetic quantum number M of the states. The population of a large J initial state can be totally transferred to a J'= J + 1 state by R branch transitions with linearly or circularly polarized light pulses with negative or positive frequency chirp if the bandwidth of the chirped pulse is sufficiently small. For an initial state with small J, having P(Q) and R transitions that are closely spaced in energy and within the chirped pulse bandwidth, the situation is complicated by the presence of transitions involving additional nearby J states which can participate in transitions induced by the chirped pulse. For positive frequency chirp, population can be totally transferred to the excited electronic state, whereas for the negative frequency chirp case the population distribution depends on the details of the energy levels and laser pulse. The technique can be employed to align and orient states in which not all the M states of the initial level are transferred to the same branch, but each M state is totally transferred from the initial state. Criteria for this type of population transfer and alignment and orientation are described and the conditions under which adiabatic passage is maintained are discussed. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, INST THEORET ATOM & MOLEC PHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV MOLEC PHYS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP BAND, YB (reprint author), BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV, DEPT CHEM, IL-84105 BEER SHEVA, ISRAEL. RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 21 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS 12 BP 9107 EP 9115 DI 10.1063/1.463338 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA KE637 UT WOS:A1992KE63700030 ER PT J AU OEY, LY CHEN, P AF OEY, LY CHEN, P TI A NESTED-GRID OCEAN MODEL - WITH APPLICATION TO THE SIMULATION OF MEANDERS AND EDDIES IN THE NORWEGIAN COASTAL CURRENT SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID FRONTAL INSTABILITIES; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; GULF-STREAM; CIRCULATION; REFINEMENT AB Oceanic flow phenomena vary in such large ranges of time and spatial scales that even with the fastest and largest computer to-date, one, cannot, at reasonable costs, compute large-scale circulation and at the same time resolve mesoscale features like fronts and/or eddies; yet these features are dynamically important, and their inclusion may determine how well we can model the mean flow, including the deep-ocean circulation. A two-way interactive, nested-grid, primitive-equation model is developed here for coastal ocean applications. Notable features of the model are (1) nesting can be specified on any subregion of a coarse-grid, large domain, and there can be more than one nest if required; (2) the nested region can be ''hot-started'' from earlier calculation results of the coarse-grid region, that is, the code automatically (by a change of an input flag) generates topography, wind forcing, climatology, currents, density and other prognostic variables in the nest and steps forward in time; (3) a time-splitting integration, with small timesteps in the nest and large timesteps in the coarse-grid domain, is used; and (4) nested variables are driven by coarse-grid solutions around the nest's boundaries, where a flow relaxation scheme may be used, and at the same time drive the coarse-grid evolution through its averaged action in the overlapped region. To demonstrate its robustness, the model is applied in a February/March 1988 real-time simulation of meanders and eddies in the Norwegian Coastal Current, initialized from a 585 days' quasi-equilibrium calculation. The simulation includes meteorological forcings, inflows/outflows across the open boundaries (inflow of the North Atlantic warm water in particular), tides, coastal and Baltic discharges, and wintertime hydrography for depths > 500 m. From March 20 to 31, the development of a meander between the Froya and the Halten Banks is simulated. The timing and location of the meander agree well with observed hydrography. C1 STEVENS INST TECHNOL,DEPT ENVIRONM & COASTAL ENGN,HOBOKEN,NJ 07030. RP OEY, LY (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. NR 40 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS C12 BP 20063 EP 20086 DI 10.1029/92JC01991 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA KE656 UT WOS:A1992KE65600001 ER PT J AU OEY, LY CHEN, P AF OEY, LY CHEN, P TI A MODEL SIMULATION OF CIRCULATION IN THE NORTHEAST ATLANTIC SHELVES AND SEAS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NORWEGIAN COASTAL CURRENT; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NUMERICAL-MODEL; OCEAN; ESTUARY; PLUMES; TRENCH; EDDIES AB A three-dimensional, primitive-equation simulation of the circulation in the northeast Atlantic shelves and seas, defined by 51-degrees - 76-degrees-N latitudes and 20-degrees-W - 22-degrees-E longitudes, has been conducted for the period February-March 1988. The simulation was initialized from a 585-day quasi-equilibrium calculation and included realistic meteorological forcing, inflows/outflows across the open boundaries (inflow of the North Atlantic warm water in particular), tides, coastal and Baltic discharges, and relaxation to wintertime climatology for model depths > 500 m. The calculation is the first part of an overall effort to nest a high-resolution region for simulation of eddies and fronts in the Norwegian Coastal Current (NCC). This paper presents detailed simulation strategies and discusses results from the coarse-grid region to study the larger-scale model response induced by atmospheric forcing, so that its effects on flow dynamics in the nested grid can be better understood. The mean and variability of the simulated flow field are compared, whenever possible, with published observations. In particular, we examine in detail the simulated wind-induced response in the Skagerrak transport, which produces blocking and outbreak of the Skagerrak and North Sea waters. These transport variabilities can be expected to be important in the development of the NCC meanders and eddies further north. C1 STEVENS INST TECHNOL, DEPT ENVIRONM & COASTAL ENGN, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA. RP OEY, LY (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV, PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI, SAYRE HALL, FORRESTAL CAMPUS, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. NR 64 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS C12 BP 20087 EP 20115 DI 10.1029/92JC01990 PG 29 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA KE656 UT WOS:A1992KE65600002 ER PT J AU MOFJELD, HO AF MOFJELD, HO TI SUBTIDAL SEA-LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS IN A LARGE FJORD SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; WEST-COAST; PACIFIC-OCEAN; EL-NINO; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; AMERICA; SCALE; CURRENTS AB A cross-spectral analysis is made of subtidal (0.01-0.5 cpd) sea level (SSL), atmospheric pressure and wind fluctuations observed during 1966-1988 in the southern reaches of the fjord system formed by the Straits of Juan de Fuca/Georgia and Puget Sound. It shows that observed SSL can be largely explained by quasi-steady inverse barometer compensation to atmospheric pressure and the propagation of adjusted sea level fluctuations from the nearby continental shelf, with some local weather forcing in summer. Variations in coherence, amplitudes and relative phase between seasons, locations and frequencies support previous work that both barotropic and baroclinic processes have important influences on SSL within the fjord system. RP MOFJELD, HO (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 S AND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS C12 BP 20191 EP 20199 DI 10.1029/92JC01988 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA KE656 UT WOS:A1992KE65600008 ER PT J AU SHAY, LK BLACK, PG MARIANO, AJ HAWKINS, JD ELSBERRY, RL AF SHAY, LK BLACK, PG MARIANO, AJ HAWKINS, JD ELSBERRY, RL TI UPPER OCEAN RESPONSE TO HURRICANE GILBERT SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID FLUX MEASUREMENTS; INTERNAL WAVES; WINDS; GULF; WAKE AB The evolving upper ocean response excited by the passage of hurricane Gilbert (September 14-19, 1988) was investigated using current and temperature observations acquired from the deployment of 79 airborne expendable current profilers (AXCPs) and 51 airborne expendable bathythermographs from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WP-3D aircraft in the western Gulf of Mexico. The sea surface temperatures (SSTs), mixed layer depths, and bulk Richardson numbers were objectively analyzed to examine the spatial variability of the upper ocean response to Gilbert. Net decreases of the SSTs of 3-degrees-4-degrees-C were observed by the profilers as well as by the airborne infrared thermometer (AIRT) along the flight tracks and advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) imagery. The AXCPs indicated a marked cooling from 29-degrees-C to about 25.5-degrees-C on September 17, 1988, which was about 1.2 inertial periods (IP) following storm passage. This pool of cooler water (3.5-degrees) was located further downstream in the hurricane wake by September 19 (2.7 IP following the storm) as a result of the near-inertial currents in the mixed layer. While there was a bias of about 0.6-degrees-C and 1.7-degrees-C between the in situ and AVHRR-derived SSTs, respectively, both the AVHRR images and the objectively analyzed fields indicated a rightward bias in the upper ocean cooling that extended from the storm track to about 4R(max) (where R(max), the radius of maximum winds, is equal to 50 km). The larger SST offset of 1.7-degrees-C was due to the difference between the time of the AVHRR image and the time of the aircraft experiment on September 19. The SSTs derived from the AVHRR images and the AIRT also indicated large gradients between the cold wake and the warm eddy in the central Gulf of Mexico. The mixed layer deepened by about 30-35 m on the right side of the track during the storm and 1.2 IP later, with little evidence of continued deepening afterward. The mixed layer current vectors demonstrate that a strong, near-inertially rotating current was excited by the passage of Gilbert, with maxima of about 1-1.4 m s-1. The currents, observed during and subsequent to (1.2 IP) the storm, diverged from the storm track, whereas the mixed layer current vectors 2.7 IP after storm passage converged toward the track, with relative maxima of 0.8-1 m s-1. This alternating pattern of convergence and divergence of the mixed layer current was associated with the upwelling and downwelling cycles of the baroclinic response. Considerable current shear existed between the mixed layer and the thermocline currents in the cool wake between the storm track and the 4R(max). Estimates of the bulk Richardson numbers ranged between 0.2 and 1.0 during Gilbert and at 1.2 IP, which suggests that enhanced current shears were responsible for some of the mixed layer deepening. C1 USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT METEOROL,MONTEREY,CA. NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,DIV HURRICANE RES,MIAMI,FL 33149. USN,RES LAB,REMOTE SENSING BRANCH,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529. RP SHAY, LK (reprint author), UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,DIV METEOROL & PHYS OCEANOG,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 47 TC 107 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS C12 BP 20227 EP 20248 DI 10.1029/92JC01586 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA KE656 UT WOS:A1992KE65600010 ER PT J AU KNOX, M QUAY, PD WILBUR, D AF KNOX, M QUAY, PD WILBUR, D TI KINETIC ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION DURING AIR-WATER GAS TRANSFER OF O-2, N-2, CH-4, AND H-2 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; FRESH-WATER; SEA-WATER; OXYGEN; EQUILIBRIUM; SEAWATER; ATMOSPHERE; FLUXES; OCEAN AB We present experimental results that show that the kinetic isotopic fractionation during gas exchange is 0.9972 +/- 0.0002 for oxygen, 0.9992 +/- 0.0002 for methane, 0.9987 +/- 0.0001 for nitrogen and 0.982 +/- 0.002 for hydrogen, and that the equilibrium fractionation between water and gas phases is 1.037 for hydrogen. We show that the isotopic fractionation during gas transfer for these gases is not equal to the square root of their reduced mass in water, as would be predicted by an extension of the kinetic theory of ideal gases to dissolved gases. The use of isotopes as tracers of biogeochemical gases requires knowledge of the fractionation factor for air-water gas transfer; there have been few direct measurements of these factors. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH OCEANOG,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP KNOX, M (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,DIV OCEAN CHEM,4301 RICKEN BACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 31 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS C12 BP 20335 EP 20343 DI 10.1029/92JC00949 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA KE656 UT WOS:A1992KE65600018 ER PT J AU CHANG, EKM AF CHANG, EKM TI RESONATING NEUTRAL-MODES OF THE EADY MODEL SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY; CYCLOGENESIS; STABILITY; DISCRETE AB The resonance between a neutral Eady mode and a continuous mode with the same phase speed is used to interpret the growth of neutral modes discussed by Farrell. It is shown that the existence of such a resonance may lead to spurious linear growth of error in a discretized quasigeostrophic (QG) model if one of the levels lies very close to the steering level of the neutral Eady normal mode. For a primitive equation model, this spurious resonance manifests itself as an exponentially growing-decaying pair of short waves. Such waves are similar to those found by Arakawa and Moorthi for the Lorenz grid for the QG equations. However, here it is found that for the primitive equation model, these spurious short waves exist both for the Lorenz grid and the Charney-Phillips (CP) grid, although the growth rate is somewhat smaller for the CP grid. It is also shown that the growth rate of the nongeostrophic short waves discussed by Stone is erroneously overestimated in vertically discretized models. RP CHANG, EKM (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 49 IS 24 BP 2452 EP 2463 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1992)049<2452:RNMOTE>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KG493 UT WOS:A1992KG49300008 ER PT J AU HAMILTON, K YUAN, L AF HAMILTON, K YUAN, L TI EXPERIMENTS ON TROPICAL STRATOSPHERIC MEAN-WIND VARIATIONS IN A SPECTRAL GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; SEMIANNUAL OSCILLATION; WAVES; SIMULATION; ATMOSPHERE; WINTER; FLOW AB A 30-level version of the rhomboidal-15 GFDL spectral climate model was constructed with roughly 2-km vertical resolution. In common with other comprehensive general circulation models, this model fails to produce a realistic quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the tropical stratosphere. A number of simulations were conducted in which the zonal-mean winds and temperatures in the equatorial lower and middle stratosphere were instantaneously perturbed and the model was integrated while the mean state relaxed toward its equilibrium. The time scale for the mean wind relaxation varied from somewhat over one month at 40 km to a few months in the lower stratosphere. This is similar to the time scales of observed QBO wind reversals. The wind relaxations in the model also displayed the downward phase propagation characteristic of QBO wind reversals, and mean wind anomalies of opposite sign to the imposed perturbation appear at higher levels. In the GCM, however, the downward propagation is clear only above about 20 mb. Detailed investigations were made of the zonal-mean zonal momentum budget in the equatorial stratosphere in these experiments. The mean flow relaxations above 20 mb were mostly driven by the vertical Eliassen-Palm flux convergence. The anomalies in the horizontal Eliassen-Palm fluxes from extratropical planetary waves, however, were found to be the dominant effect forcing the mean flow back to its equilibrium at altitudes below 20 mb. The vertical eddy momentum fluxes near the equator in the model were decomposed using space-time Fourier analysis. While total fluxes associated with easterly and westerly waves are comparable to those used in simple mechanistic models of the QBO the GCM has its flux spread over a very broad range of wavenumbers and phase speeds. The effects of vertical resolution were studied directly by repeating part of the control integration with a 69-level version of the model with greatly enhanced vertical resolution in the lower and middle stratosphere. The results showed that there is almost no sensitivity of the simulation in the tropical stratosphere to the increased vertical resolution. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. RP HAMILTON, K (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 49 IS 24 BP 2464 EP 2483 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1992)049<2464:EOTSMW>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KG493 UT WOS:A1992KG49300009 ER PT J AU MURTZ, M SCHAEFER, M SCHNEIDER, M WELLS, JS URBAN, W SCHIESSL, U TACKE, M AF MURTZ, M SCHAEFER, M SCHNEIDER, M WELLS, JS URBAN, W SCHIESSL, U TACKE, M TI STABILIZATION OF 3.3 AND 5.1 MU-M LEAD-SALT DIODE-LASERS BY OPTICAL FEEDBACK SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FINESSE RESONATOR; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; EXTERNAL CAVITY; NOISE; STABILITY; LINEWIDTH; SPECTRA AB Optical stabilization of tunable lead-salt diode lasers (TDL) in the mid-infrared is presented for the first time. By introducing an external feedback mirror both the linewidth is substantially narrowed and the frequency of the TDL is stabilized and controlled via this mirror in a frequency-offset locked scheme. We achieved narrowing of the linewidth by 1-2 orders of magnitude or better. The TDL is offset-locked to a CO gas laser by a heterodyne technique: the beatnote between the two lasers is used to control the length of the external resonator. By this scheme we gain the capability of absolute frequency measurements with sub-Doppler accuracy. The improved spectral properties of the diode laser provide a new tool for high-resolution molecular spectroscopy in the mid-infrared. C1 FRAUNHOFER INST PHYS MESSTECH,W-7800 FREIBURG,GERMANY. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & ENERGY,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP MURTZ, M (reprint author), UNIV BONN,INST ANGEW PHYS,WEGELERSTR 8,W-5300 BONN 1,GERMANY. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 94 IS 6 BP 551 EP 556 DI 10.1016/0030-4018(92)90604-P PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA KB794 UT WOS:A1992KB79400014 ER PT J AU DONG, QY OBRIEN, WL JIA, JJ CALLCOTT, TA MUELLER, DR EDERER, DL AF DONG, QY OBRIEN, WL JIA, JJ CALLCOTT, TA MUELLER, DR EDERER, DL TI AL L2,3 CORE EXCITONS IN ALXGA1-XAS STUDIED BY SOFT-X-RAY REFLECTION AND EMISSION SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SIXGE1-X ALLOYS; SEMICONDUCTORS; STATES AB The Al L2,3 soft-x-ray reflection and emission spectra of AlxGa1-xAs have been measured for x between 0.17 and 1.O. The valence-band maximum was monitored via the emission spectra using a fit based on band-structure parameters. The dominant features in the reflection spectra are produced by the L2,3 core excitons. Since both the reflection spectra and emission spectra were obtained using the same soft-x-ray spectrometer, the energies of the excitons above the valence-band maximum are accurately obtained. The known values of the optical band gap, as a function of x, are then used to determine the core exciton binding energy. The core excitons are found to follow and lie above the conduction-band minimum by 0.3 eV as the Al composition changes. Our results are compared to various core exciton theories and to previous experiments. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP DONG, QY (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 23 BP 15116 EP 15122 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.46.15116 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA KG306 UT WOS:A1992KG30600019 ER PT J AU MALGHAN, SG LUM, LSH LAGERGREN, E KELLY, J KACKER, RN AF MALGHAN, SG LUM, LSH LAGERGREN, E KELLY, J KACKER, RN TI STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS OF PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE MEASUREMENT OF PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF SILICON-NITRIDE POWDERS BY SEDIGRAPH(R) SO POWDER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The need to achieve repeatability in the measurement of particle size distribution of submicron particles of silicon nitride powders, and its dependence on the appropriate application of deagglomeration forces and subsequent stabilization of particles from reforming into agglomerates are discussed. An analysis of parameters affecting the particle size distribution measurement by Sedigraph(R), a gravity sedimentation method, is presented and major parameters are identified. Statistical factorial design of experiments was used to determine the influence of various parameters such as ultrasonic power, time and energy, type of surfactant, and concentration of surfactant in a suspension on particle size determination. The results were analyzed using statistical techniques such as graphical and least squares regression. This analysis led to the calculation of main and interaction effects of the major parameters mentioned above. Depending on the ultrasonic power level selected for a powder, the interaction effects between ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, and surfactant concentration for two types of surfactants were identified. RP MALGHAN, SG (reprint author), US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0032-5910 J9 POWDER TECHNOL JI Powder Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 73 IS 3 BP 275 EP 284 DI 10.1016/0032-5910(92)85034-S PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA KE441 UT WOS:A1992KE44100009 ER PT J AU FRANZREB, K WUCHER, A OECHSNER, H AF FRANZREB, K WUCHER, A OECHSNER, H TI FORMATION OF NEUTRAL AND POSITIVELY CHARGED CLUSTERS (AGN AND AGN+ N-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-4) DURING SPUTTERING OF SILVER SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; MASS DISTRIBUTIONS; IONS; EMISSION; COPPER; FRAGMENTATION; MOLECULES; METAL; SPECTROMETRY AB The emission of neutral and positively charged silver clusters during sputtering of a polycrystalline silver target by 5 keV Ar+ ion bombardment has been studied and the sputter ejected silver flux has been characterized. While the sputtered ions Ag(n)+ were measured directly using secondary ion mass spectrometry, appropriate postionization techniques (50 eV electron impact ionization; two-photon ionization at lambda = 248 nm) were applied for the simultaneous measurement of the emitted neutral clusters Ag(n). By the combination of these techniques, the contribution of Ag(n)+ and Ag(n) in the sputter emitted silver flux is determined quantitatively. As a result, the silver flux is found to be strongly dominated by neutral clusters rather than cluster ions (flux ratio: Ag(n)+/Ag(n) less-than-or-equal-to 1 % for n = 1-4). The contribution of neutral clusters in the overall silver flux decreases rapidly and monotonically with increasing cluster size n and decreases, in addition, with decreasing bombarding energy (less-than-or-equal-to 5 keV) in agreement with a statistical model for the emission of sputtered neutral metal clusters. The well known alternation of the secondary ion intensities of Ag(n)+ as a function of cluster size (higher intensities for odd n) is found to be correlated with the effective ''ionization potentials'' of the corresponding sputtered neutral clusters, which were additionally measured. C1 UNIV KAISERSLAUTERN,SFB 91,W-6750 KAISERSLAUTERN,GERMANY. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP FRANZREB, K (reprint author), UNIV KAISERSLAUTERN,FACHBEREICH PHYS,W-6750 KAISERSLAUTERN,GERMANY. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 279 IS 3 BP L225 EP L230 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA KF145 UT WOS:A1992KF14500005 ER PT J AU MA, SL BROHOLM, C REICH, DH STERNLIEB, BJ ERWIN, RW AF MA, SL BROHOLM, C REICH, DH STERNLIEB, BJ ERWIN, RW TI DOMINANCE OF LONG-LIVED EXCITATIONS IN THE ANTIFERROMAGNETIC SPIN-1 CHAIN NENP SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID S = 1; DIMENSIONAL HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; MONTE-CARLO CALCULATION; LINEAR-CHAIN; ELEMENTARY EXCITATION; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; FIELD-THEORY; HALDANE-GAP; S(Q,OMEGA); DYNAMICS AB We have measured the dynamic spin correlation function for the quasi-one-dimensional S = 1 antiferromagnet NENP by inelastic magnetic neutron scattering. Long-lived excitations (omegatau > 10) exist for 0.3pi less-than-or-equal-to q less-than-or-equal-to pi, and within error exhaust the total moment sum rule. The dispersion relation retains the fundamental periodicity of the spin chain, explicitly demonstrating the absence of broken translational symmetry in the ground state. The instantaneous spin correlation function follows a square-root Lorentzian for q congruent-to pi but deviates substantially from this form for q < 0.8pi. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NEW YORK,NY 10027. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP MA, SL (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,BALTIMORE,MD 21218, USA. RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892 NR 32 TC 150 Z9 151 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 1992 VL 69 IS 24 BP 3571 EP 3574 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.3571 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA KB857 UT WOS:A1992KB85700039 ER PT J AU MICHEL, KH COPLEY, JRD NEUMANN, DA AF MICHEL, KH COPLEY, JRD NEUMANN, DA TI MICROSCOPIC THEORY OF ORIENTATIONAL DISORDER AND THE ORIENTATIONAL PHASE-TRANSITION IN SOLID C-60 - REPLY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Letter C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP MICHEL, KH (reprint author), UNIV INSTELLING ANTWERP,DEPT PHYS,B-2610 WILRIJK,BELGIUM. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 1992 VL 69 IS 24 BP 3590 EP 3590 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.3590 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA KB857 UT WOS:A1992KB85700046 ER PT J AU ARAV, N BEGELMAN, MC AF ARAV, N BEGELMAN, MC TI RADIATION-VISCOUS BOUNDARY-LAYERS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HYDRODYNAMICS; ISM, JETS AND OUTFLOWS; RADIATION MECHANISMS, MISCELLANEOUS ID EVOLUTION; ACCRETION; SS-433; DISKS; STARS AB Using a self-similar approach, we investigate the dynamical behavior of a strong shear flow in a fluid dominated by radiation pressure and radiation viscosity. This type of flow may occur at the interface between a jet and a dense atmosphere surrounding a compact object, for example, in an object such as SS 433. Our calculations show that a boundary layer (BL) due to radiation viscosity behaves remarkably differently from a "classical" incompressible BL, for flows with Mach number (M) much greater than unity far from the BL. In these flows the width of the BL is much larger than its incompressible value, and scales as M2 times the width of the incompressible BL. The density inside the BL is much lower than the density in the undisturbed fluid, and scales as M-2 with respect to the value far away from the BL. This leads us to conclude that under certain circumstances a cocoon of low-density material will develop between a jet and its surrounding medium. Such a cocoon can be important for the hydrodynamics of the jet, and can facilitate the escape of radiation from deep within the accreting atmosphere. The application of this physical behavior to the specific case of SS 433 is studied in a separate paper. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. NIST,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP ARAV, N (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 1992 VL 401 IS 1 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.1086/172045 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA KB243 UT WOS:A1992KB24300013 ER PT J AU SIEVERING, H BOATMAN, J GORMAN, E KIM, Y ANDERSON, L ENNIS, G LURIA, M PANDIS, S AF SIEVERING, H BOATMAN, J GORMAN, E KIM, Y ANDERSON, L ENNIS, G LURIA, M PANDIS, S TI REMOVAL OF SULFUR FROM THE MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER BY OZONE OXIDATION IN SEA-SALT AEROSOLS SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC-OCEAN; ATMOSPHERE; SULFATE; SULFUR AB THE oxidation of sulphur dioxide to sulphate in the marine boundary layer (MBL) is an important pathway in the global sulphur cycle. Oxidation by ozone in the aqueous phase is an important process in cloud droplets1 but has not generally been thought to be significant in the clear air of the MBL. Yet the lower part of the MBL contains abundant sea-salt aerosol particles, which are largely water of sufficiently high pH (ref. 2) to support ozone oxidation of SO2 to sulphate. We have argued previously3 that 5-25% of the total non-sea-salt sulphate (n.s.s. SO42-) observed in the MBL may be formed by this mechanism; here we assess its contribution to the cycling of sulphur in (and particularly its removal from) the MBL. We show that, owing to the effects of mass transfer, the n.s.s. SO42- so generated will be predominantly associated with particles of 2-9 mum diameter, and will accordingly dry-deposit at a rapid rate. Because part of the dimethyl sulphide (DMS) emitted by marine organisms is converted to SO2 in the MBL, this additional removal pathway for sulphur may markedly reduce the proposed feedback4 between greenhouse warming, oceanic DMS emissions and sulphate haze albedo. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,DENVER,CO 80217. NOAA,AEROSOL RES SECT,BOULDER,CO 80303. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. CALTECH,DEPT CHEM ENGN,PASADENA,CA 91125. RP SIEVERING, H (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CTR ENVIRONM SCI,POB 173364,DENVER,CO 80217, USA. RI Pandis, Spyros/D-3680-2013; OI Pandis, Spyros/0000-0001-8085-9795 NR 29 TC 125 Z9 125 U1 4 U2 28 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 10 PY 1992 VL 360 IS 6404 BP 571 EP 573 DI 10.1038/360571a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KB959 UT WOS:A1992KB95900079 ER PT J AU DOROSINSKII, LA NIKITENKO, VI POLYANSKI, AA VLASKOVLASOV, VK ROYTBURD, A KAISER, DL GAYLE, FW AF DOROSINSKII, LA NIKITENKO, VI POLYANSKI, AA VLASKOVLASOV, VK ROYTBURD, A KAISER, DL GAYLE, FW TI KINETICS OF TWIN BOUNDARY MIGRATION IN YBA2CU3O7-X SINGLE-CRYSTALS SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING YBA2CU3O7-X; OXYGEN DIFFUSION; STRESS; DEFECTS; GROWTH AB An indentation technique was used to study the kinetics of twin boundary migration in YBa2Cu3O7-x single crystals. Twin boundaries moved at temperatures in the range 80-160-degrees-C in response to a non-uniform internal stress field induced by an indentation on the (001) face of a crystal. A model for relaxation of the twin structure is presented. The temperature and time measurements of the detwinning kinetics yields an activation energy for twin boundary migration [1.1 +/- 0.1 eV] close to values reported for oxygen diffusion in fully oxygenated YBa2Cu3O7-x. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT NUCL & MAT ENGN,COLL PK,MD 20742. NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD. RP DOROSINSKII, LA (reprint author), RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST SOLID STATE PHYS,CHERNOGOLOVKA,RUSSIA. RI Dorosinskii, Lev/J-3929-2015 OI Dorosinskii, Lev/0000-0002-5434-1009 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC 10 PY 1992 VL 203 IS 3-4 BP 342 EP 346 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(92)90042-B PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA KF123 UT WOS:A1992KF12300015 ER PT J AU BANFI, G DEGIORGIO, V RENNIE, AR BARKER, JG AF BANFI, G DEGIORGIO, V RENNIE, AR BARKER, JG TI SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDY OF CRYSTAL-GROWTH IN SEMICONDUCTOR-DOPED GLASSES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE AB A small-angle neutron scattering study of the kinetics of growth of semiconductor crystallites in a glass matrix is presented. The scattered intensity I(k) exhibits a peak at a nonzero scattering vector and decreases to zero as k goes to zero. The I(k) patterns measured at different annealing temperatures present a scaling behavior consistent with the ripening approximation. We show that I(k) is in good agreement with the predictions of a simple phenomenological model, based on local mass conservation, which describes a dilute gas of crystallites surrounded by depletion zones. C1 UNIV BRISTOL,SCH MED,BRISTOL BS8 1TS,AVON,ENGLAND. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP BANFI, G (reprint author), UNIV PAVIA,SEZIONE FIS APPL,DIPARTIMENTO ELETTR,I-27100 PAVIA,ITALY. RI Degiorgio, Vittorio/G-8910-2013 NR 14 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 7 PY 1992 VL 69 IS 23 BP 3401 EP 3404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.3401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA KB203 UT WOS:A1992KB20300034 ER PT J AU NEUMANN, D AF NEUMANN, D TI HOT PAPERS - PHYSICAL-CHEMISTRY - COHERENT QUASI-ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDY OF THE ROTATIONAL-DYNAMICS OF C-60 IN THE ORIENTATIONALLY DISORDERED PHASE BY NEUMANN,D.A., COPLEY,J.R.D., CAPPELLETTI,R.L., KAMITAKAHARA,W.A., ET-AL SO SCIENTIST LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE RP NEUMANN, D (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENTIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 MARKET ST SUITE 450, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 SN 0890-3670 J9 SCIENTIST JI Scientist PD DEC 7 PY 1992 VL 6 IS 24 BP 16 EP 16 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KA655 UT WOS:A1992KA65500012 ER PT J AU ZHANG, Z SAINI, RD KURYLO, MJ HUIE, RE AF ZHANG, Z SAINI, RD KURYLO, MJ HUIE, RE TI RATE CONSTANTS FOR THE REACTIONS OF THE HYDROXYL RADICAL WITH CHF2CF2CF2CHF2 AND CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3 SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; OH RADICALS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; KINETICS; HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; BENZENE AB Rate-constants have been measured over the temperature range 245-419 K for the gas-phase reactions of the hydroxyl radical with the hydrofluorocarbons CHF2CF2CF2CHF2 and CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3. The Arrhenius expressions k (CHF2CF2CF2CHF2) = (7.80 +/- 3.40) X 10(-13) exp [-(1.51 +/- 0.26) X 10(3)/T] and k(CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3) = (4.21 +/- 1.28) X 10(-13) exp[-(1.40 +/-0.18) X 10(3)/T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 were derived from the kinetic data. The atmospheric lifetimes of CHF2CF2CF2CHF2 and CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3 were estimated, relative to CCl3CH3, to be 14 and 17 years. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Huie, Robert/A-5645-2010; Kurylo, Michael/H-2201-2012 NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 1992 VL 200 IS 3 BP 230 EP 234 DI 10.1016/0009-2614(92)80003-T PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA KA529 UT WOS:A1992KA52900003 ER PT J AU TAKARA, H KAWANISHI, S SARUWATARI, M SCHLAGER, JB AF TAKARA, H KAWANISHI, S SARUWATARI, M SCHLAGER, JB TI MULTIWAVELENGTH BIREFRINGENT-CAVITY MODE-LOCKED FIBER LASER SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE LASERS; PULSE GENERATION ID DOPED FIBER LASER; PULSE GENERATION; ERBIUM AB Generation of simultaneous four wavelength optical pulses is successfully demonstrated using a novel multiwavelength mode-locked Er3+-doped fibre ring laser with two, 45-degrees concatenated, birefringent fibres in the cavity. Wavelength separations of 0.9-2.7 nm and pulse durations of 28-55 ps are obtained. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP TAKARA, H (reprint author), NIPPON TELEGRAPH & TEL PUBL CORP, TRANSMISS SYST LABS, 1-2356 TAKE, YOKOSUKA, KANAGAWA 23803, JAPAN. NR 8 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 EI 1350-911X J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD DEC 3 PY 1992 VL 28 IS 25 BP 2274 EP 2275 DI 10.1049/el:19921463 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA KD325 UT WOS:A1992KD32500007 ER PT J AU EBBESMEYER, CC INGRAHAM, WJ MCKINNON, R OKUBO, A STRICKLAND, R WANG, DP WILLING, P AF EBBESMEYER, CC INGRAHAM, WJ MCKINNON, R OKUBO, A STRICKLAND, R WANG, DP WILLING, P TI PLIGHT OF WEI,JING,SHENG SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 NOAA,SEATTLE,WA 98115. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. SUNY STONY BROOK,MARINE SCI RES CTR,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. UNIV WASHINGTON,WASHINGTON SEA GRANT PROGRAM,SEATTLE,WA 98105. WATER RESOURCES CONSULTING,BELLINGHAM,WA 98226. RP EBBESMEYER, CC (reprint author), EVANS HAMILTON INC,731 N NORTHLAKE WAY,SUITE 201,SEATTLE,WA 98103, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 3 PY 1992 VL 360 IS 6403 BP 405 EP 405 DI 10.1038/360405a0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KA797 UT WOS:A1992KA79700015 ER PT J AU DUTTON, EG CHRISTY, JR AF DUTTON, EG CHRISTY, JR TI SOLAR RADIATIVE FORCING AT SELECTED LOCATIONS AND EVIDENCE FOR GLOBAL LOWER TROPOSPHERIC COOLING FOLLOWING THE ERUPTIONS OF EL-CHICHON AND PINATUBO SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; DUST AB As a result of the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo (June 1991), direct solu radiation was observed to decrease by as much as 25-30% at four remote locations widely distributed in latitude. The average total aerosol optical depth for the first 10 months after the Pinatubo eruption at those sites is 1.7 times greater than that observed following the 1982 eruption of El Chichon. Monthly-mean clear-sky total solar irradiance at Mauna Loa, Hawaii, decreased by as much as 5% and averaged 2.4% and 2.7% in the first 10 months after the El Chichon and Pinatubo eruptions, respectively. By September 1992 the global and northern hemispheric lower tropospheric temperatures had decreased 0.5-degrees-C and 0.7-degrees-C, respectively compared to pre-Pinatubo levels. The temperature record examined consists of globally uniform observations from satellite microwave sounding units. C1 UNIV ALABAMA,ATMOSPHER SCI PROGRAM,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35899. RP DUTTON, EG (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,MAIL CODE R E CG1,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 21 TC 159 Z9 160 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 2 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 23 BP 2313 EP 2316 DI 10.1029/92GL02495 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KC559 UT WOS:A1992KC55900009 ER PT J AU BOISVERT, RF SAUNDERS, BV AF BOISVERT, RF SAUNDERS, BV TI PORTABLE VECTORIZED SOFTWARE FOR BESSEL-FUNCTION EVALUATION SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE ALGORITHMS; BESSEL FUNCTION; HYPERBOLIC BESSEL FUNCTION; MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE; MODIFIED BESSEL FUNCTION; ORDER ZERO AND ONE; PORTABLE SOFTWARE; SPECIAL FUNCTION; VECTORIZED SOFTWARE AB A suite of computer programs for the evaluation of Bessel functions and modified Bessel functions of orders zero and one for a vector of real arguments is described. Distinguishing characteristics of these programs are that (a) they are portable across a wide range of machines, and (b) they are vectorized in the case when multiple function evaluations are to be performed. The performance of the new programs are compared with software from the FNLIB collection of Fullerton on which the new software is based. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,COMP & APPL MATH LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 SN 0098-3500 J9 ACM T MATH SOFTWARE JI ACM Trans. Math. Softw. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 18 IS 4 BP 456 EP 469 DI 10.1145/138351.138370 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA LQ870 UT WOS:A1992LQ87000007 ER PT J AU WAN, KT LAWN, BR AF WAN, KT LAWN, BR TI EFFECT OF CHEMICAL INTERACTION ON BARENBLATT CRACK PROFILES IN BRITTLE SOLIDS SO ACTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID ADHESION; CONTACT; MICA; MECHANICS; FRACTURE; ENERGY; FORCES AB A self-consistent solution for continuum-slit Barenblatt cracks with interactive chemistry is presented. Environmental species entering the crack mouth are limited in their transport along the ever-narrowing interface by molecular size restrictions. The ensuing cohesion zone behind the tip consists of three regions: an extended far region of weak solid-fluid solid attraction; a small intermediate region of strong solid-fluid-solid repulsion; and an exclusionary near-tip intrinsic region of strong solid-solid attraction. To facilitate an analytical solution of the equations for the crack-opening displacements, the cohesion stresses are taken to be uniformly distributed within each of these zones. The magnitudes of these stresses are expressed in terms of the intersurface energies that define equilibrium crack states, for virgin and healed interfaces. Illustrative calculations of the crack profiles are given for the well-documented mica-water system. It is shown that the penetrating species cause a significant local bulge in the repulsion region, consistent with Thomson's picture of a molecular wedge. C1 NBS, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-7151 J9 ACTA METALL MATER JI Acta Metall. Mater. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 40 IS 12 BP 3331 EP 3337 DI 10.1016/0956-7151(92)90046-H PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA JZ715 UT WOS:A1992JZ71500014 ER PT J AU ADRIAENS, AG FASSETT, JD KELLY, WR SIMONS, DS ADAMS, FC AF ADRIAENS, AG FASSETT, JD KELLY, WR SIMONS, DS ADAMS, FC TI DETERMINATION OF URANIUM AND THORIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN SOILS - COMPARISON OF ISOTOPE-DILUTION SECONDARY ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY AND ISOTOPE-DILUTION THERMAL IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The purpose of the present study existed in making a comparison between isotope dilution-thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) and isotope dilution-secondary ion mass spectrometry (ID-SIMS) on the basis of their precision and accuracy. Three different sets of soils were therefore analyzed to determine their uranium and thorium contents. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated that the precision of TIMS was about 8 times better than that of SIMS. It was clear in the case of TI MS that the overall precision can almost completely be explained by the variation in composition between samples, while for the SIMS analyses, the instrumental error plays an important role in determining the precision. The overall SIMS/TIMS ratio for all data and for both elements equals 0.994 with a standard error of 0.004. As a result of this, it is statistically not fully proven that there is a systematic difference in accuracy between the two techniques. For the chemical separation of the analytes, a new element-specific resin was used and evaluated. The newer resin was able to remove metals such as Iron, lead, and bismuth better than that traditional strong anion resin, but the uranium fraction obtained using the newer resin contained a larger amount of thorium. C1 UNIV INSTELLING ANTWERP,DEPT CHEM,UNIV PLEIN 1,B-2610 WILRIJK,BELGIUM. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Adriaens, Annemie/F-2520-2013 OI Adriaens, Annemie/0000-0003-4034-1881 NR 14 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 64 IS 23 BP 2945 EP 2950 DI 10.1021/ac00047a012 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA KA275 UT WOS:A1992KA27500013 ER PT J AU DATLA, RU STOCK, K PARR, AC HOYT, CC MILLER, PJ FOUKAL, PV AF DATLA, RU STOCK, K PARR, AC HOYT, CC MILLER, PJ FOUKAL, PV TI CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ABSOLUTE CRYOGENIC RADIOMETER AS A STANDARD DETECTOR FOR RADIANT-POWER MEASUREMENTS SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE RADIANT POWER; ABSOLUTE CRYOGENIC RADIOMETER; RADIOMETRY; ELECTRICAL SUBSTITUTION RADIOMETER; VISIBLE TO LONG-WAVELENGTH IR RADIATION; PHOTODIODE DETECTOR INTERCOMPARISON; LOW-BACKGROUND IR RADIATION AB An active cavity radiometer of the electrical substitution type with a cone receiver that operates at 2-4 K has been developed for measuring radiant fluxes in the dynamic range of 20 nW to 100 muW within an uncertainty of +/-1% (2sigma level). It is a broadband absolute detector with a flat overall absorption efficiency that is > 99% for radiation from the visible to long-wavelength IR. The system is designed based on thermal modeling and experimental measurements of concepts. It has been installed in the cryogenic chamber for low-background infrared radiation calibrations at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for testing cryogenic blackbody sources, detectors, and optical components. Its time constant, responsivity, and nonequivalence error have been measured. They are in agreement with design predictions. Radiant power measurements of an amplitude-stabilized He-Ne laser beam with the radiometer and an industry standard photodiode detector, QED-200, have been intercompared and found to be in agreement. The intercomparison ratio of the measurements with the absolute cryogenic radiometer and QED-200 was 1.004 in the 75-100-muW range with an uncertainty of 0.5% (the 3sigma level). C1 CAMBRIDGE RES & INSTRUMENTAT INC,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP DATLA, RU (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 9 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 34 BP 7219 EP 7225 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA JZ714 UT WOS:A1992JZ71400010 PM 20802586 ER PT J AU GARDNER, JL GALLAWA, RL STOCK, KD NETTLETON, DH AF GARDNER, JL GALLAWA, RL STOCK, KD NETTLETON, DH TI INTERNATIONAL INTERCOMPARISON OF DETECTOR RESPONSIVITY AT 1300 AND 1550 NM SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE RADIOMETRY; GERMANIUM DETECTORS; RESPONSIVITY ID FIBER POWER METERS; RADIOMETER AB An intercomparison of spectral responsivity measurements has been carried out among the national laboratories of 13 countries. Measurements were made at wavelengths of 1300 and 1550 nm, which are important in optical communication systems. Three germanium photodiodes were circulated in each of three separate paths, beginning and ending at the National Institute of Standards and Technology as the coordinating laboratory. The results show agreement within 1%. C1 NIST,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP GARDNER, JL (reprint author), CSIRO,DIV APPL PHYS,LINDFIELD,NSW 2070,AUSTRALIA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 34 BP 7226 EP 7231 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA JZ714 UT WOS:A1992JZ71400011 PM 20802587 ER PT J AU REHIM, FA EBRAHEEM, S BA, WZ MCLAUGHLIN, WL AF REHIM, FA EBRAHEEM, S BA, WZ MCLAUGHLIN, WL TI A THIN DYED-PLASTIC DOSIMETER FOR LARGE RADIATION-DOSES SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RADIATION; FILM; ASSURANCE; TEMPERATURE; ELECTRONS; HUMIDITY; SYSTEM; RAYS AB A commercially available, thin, dyed-plastic film (mean thickness 30 mum) having a transparent green color, changes color progressively to brown shades and then to a deep red shade upon irradiation at successively higher values of a absorbed dose (gamma radiation) in the range 8-60 kGy. The analysis for dosimetry is made with spectrophotometric measurements (at visible light wavelengths) of res-irradiation absorbance, A0, and radiation-induced absorbance, A(i). Either the wavelength of the maximum of the absorption band that bleaches upon irradiation (lambda = 425 nm) or the wavelengths of the maxima of the two overlapping radiation-induced absorption bands (lambda = 525 or 556 nn) are used to make these measurements. The most reproducible calibration consists of the ratio, A(i)/A0, at a given wavelength, as a function of the absorbed dose. The new film dosimeter is flexible, rugged, and relatively stable at temperatures between -80-degrees-C and +50-degrees-C, and in daylight. The radiation-induced color, in terms of the absorbance, A(i), at selected wavelengths, is unstable for about two days subsequent to irradiation, after which the values of A(i)/A(0) remain stable for at least several months, even under illumination with white fluorescent or indirect daylight. The film color is unstable at high temperatures (60-degrees-C and above). The film sensitivity to gamma radiation increases gradually with rise in irradiation temperature up to 50-degrees-C and then decreases sharply at temperatures above 60-degrees-C. There is only slight variation of response with change in relative humidity during irradiation. C1 ACAD SINICA,XINJIANG INST PHYS,URUMQI,PEOPLES R CHINA. US DEPT COMMERCE,TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP REHIM, FA (reprint author), NATL CTR RADIAT RES & TECHNOL,POB 29,CAIRO,EGYPT. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1503 EP 1510 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA KC861 UT WOS:A1992KC86100012 ER PT J AU HEDGECOCK, D CHOW, V WAPLES, RS AF HEDGECOCK, D CHOW, V WAPLES, RS TI EFFECTIVE POPULATION NUMBERS OF SHELLFISH BROODSTOCKS ESTIMATED FROM TEMPORAL VARIANCE IN ALLELIC FREQUENCIES SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC DRIFT; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; HATCHERY; HETEROZYGOSITY; OYSTERS; SALMON; SIZE; CONSERVATION; POLYMORPHISM; METHODOLOGY AB Effective population number (N(e)) can be estimated from temporal changes in the frequencies of selectively neutral alleles in isolated populations. The utility and limitations of this temporal method for aquaculture broodstocks are examined using published allozyme data for 16 shellfish stocks and their will progenitors. Estimates of N(e) for these broodstocks are all less than 1 00, and 1 3 are less than 50. For eight stocks, estimated N(e) agrees with records of breeding numbers (N(b)), but in the remaining eight cases, N(b) lies outside of the 95% confidence interval for estimated N(e). Assumptions of the temporal method are evaluated. First, two independent tests, one based on the distribution of temporal variances at individual loci, the other on the expected loss of alleles from finite populations, suggest that allozymes behave as selectively neutral genetic markers suitable for estimating genetic drift and N(e). Second, migration into a stock can have diverse effects on estimates of N(e), depending on the genetic similarity of immigrants and the captive broodstock population. Exchange among diverged hatchery stocks of Kuruma shrimp appears to have inflated temporal change, reducing estimated N(e); on the other hand, additions of wild hard clams to a hatchery stock appear to have retarded temporal change, increasing estimated N(e). Four cases in which N(b) is smaller than the lower confidence limit of estimated N(e) are explained by contamination among stocks propagated simultaneously in the same hatchery. Finally, comparison of captive broodstocks with contemporary samples from natural sources confounds genetic drift that has occurred in both lineages; genetic drift is not negligible in some natural populations, leading to uncertainty in some N(e) estimates. For four cases in which N(b) is much larger than estimated N(e), variance in reproductive success is proposed as the most likely explanation of loss of genetic diversity over time. The extremely high fecundities and variable fertilities of aquatic organisms must be taken into account in broodstock management, particularly if hatchery products are used to enhance natural populations. The temporal method, when correctly applied and interpreted, provides new insight into the genetics of aquaculture broodstock populations. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP HEDGECOCK, D (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,BODEGA MARINE LAB,POB 247,BODEGA BAY,CA 94923, USA. RI Hedgecock, Dennis/I-8655-2012; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 OI Hedgecock, Dennis/0000-0002-3995-646X; NR 35 TC 123 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD DEC PY 1992 VL 108 IS 3-4 BP 215 EP 232 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(92)90108-W PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KA817 UT WOS:A1992KA81700003 ER PT J AU KENNISH, JM SHARPDAHL, JL CHAMBERS, KA THROWER, F RICE, SD AF KENNISH, JM SHARPDAHL, JL CHAMBERS, KA THROWER, F RICE, SD TI THE EFFECT OF A HERRING DIET ON LIPID-COMPOSITION, FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION, AND CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN THE MUSCLE-TISSUE OF PEN-REARED CHINOOK SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT LIVER; FRESH-WATER FISH; THERMAL-ACCLIMATION; COHO SALMON; WILD FISH; GAIRDNERI; METABOLISM; BENEFITS; STRAINS; FLESH AB Two groups of chinook salmon were held in marine net-pens. The control group was fed a Biodiet commercial diet, and the study group was fed whole herring. Fish of both groups were sampled at the start of the study and monthly for 3 months. The herring diet had a significant influence on the dorsal muscle total lipid content which doubled in the first month compared to the controls. The n-3/n-6 ratio in the herring-fed fish increased by 28%, while in the control group it decreased by 57% during the study period. The change appears to be related to the difference in 18:2n-6 levels in the diets. Cholesterol levels of the herring-fed salmon were twice that of the salmon fed the commercial diet, but were still much lower than initial cholesterol levels. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that the nutritional quality of pen-reared chinook salmon can be improved shortly before marketing by modifying the diet. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,AUKE BAY LAB,JUNEAU,AK. RP KENNISH, JM (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,DEPT CHEM PHYS,ANCHORAGE,AK 99508, USA. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD DEC PY 1992 VL 108 IS 3-4 BP 309 EP 322 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(92)90115-2 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KA817 UT WOS:A1992KA81700010 ER PT J AU KAHL, JD SERREZE, MC SCHNELL, RC AF KAHL, JD SERREZE, MC SCHNELL, RC TI TROPOSPHERIC LOW-LEVEL TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS IN THE CANADIAN ARCTIC SO ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN LA English DT Article ID SEA ICE; WINTER; LEADS; OZONE; COEFFICIENTS; AIR AB Climatological characteristics of the low-level tropospheric temperature inversion in the Canadian Arctic are examined using 10-40 year records of upper-air meteorological data. Inversions at the northern sites are primarily surface-based in winter, and elevated from mid-spring through summer. At the southern sites, a bimodal pattern is observed with surface-based inversions occurring during late summer, as well as during winter. From comparisons of our results with other published climatologies, it appears that this bimodal pattern reflects interactions between short- and long-wave radiation, synoptic activity and snowmelt. Maxima in inversion depth and temperature difference across the inversion layer occur in February and March; minima occur in August and September. The annual progression of inversion characteristics closely follows the annual pattern of clear-sky percentages, reflecting the controlling influence of cloud and clear-sky radiative forcings on the inversion layer. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT GEOSCI,MILWAUKEE,WI 53201. UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 30 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU CANADIAN METEOROLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHIC SOC PI OTTAWA PA 150 LOUIS PASTEUR PVT., STE 112, MCDONALD BUILDING, OTTAWA ON K1N 6N5, CANADA SN 0705-5900 J9 ATMOS OCEAN JI Atmos.-Ocean PD DEC PY 1992 VL 30 IS 4 BP 511 EP 529 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA MG398 UT WOS:A1992MG39800001 ER PT J AU ENGELMANN, RJ PENDERGRASS, WR WHITE, JR HALL, ME AF ENGELMANN, RJ PENDERGRASS, WR WHITE, JR HALL, ME TI THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STATIONARY AUTOMOBILES AS SHELTERS IN ACCIDENTAL RELEASES OF TOXIC MATERIALS SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE SHELTERING; INHALATION; ACCIDENT (NUCLEAR); PLUTONIUM; EMERGENCY PLANNING; DOSE REDUCTION FACTOR AB The protection offered occupants of stationary automobiles against airborne gases and respirable particles such as might result from an accidental release, was measured and found to be substantial. For the four autos tested with the air conditioning (AC) system on and in recirculate position, the equilibrium ratios of inside/outside concentrations (I/O) for 2-mum diameter particles were less than 0.2 and some ratios were as small as 0.014. With both the AC compressor and the system fan off, the I/O for five autos ranged from 0.04 to 0.18. These low ratios are primarily a result of deposition within the autos. However, three of the five autos had substantially higher I/O ratios when the AC fan was on than when off, indicating that for some autos the AC caused significant added intake of outside air. Air exchange rates for the five stationary autos were on the order of 0.5 h-1 with AC off, and 2.5 h-1 with AC on. C1 NOAA,DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. OAK RIDGE ASSOCIATED UNIV,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830. RP ENGELMANN, RJ (reprint author), GLOBAL ATMOSPHER RESPONSE,11701 KAREN DR,POTOMAC,MD 20854, USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD DEC PY 1992 VL 26 IS 17 BP 3119 EP 3125 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90469-2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KC107 UT WOS:A1992KC10700008 ER PT J AU LURIA, M BOATMAN, JF WELLMAN, DL GUNTER, RL WATKINS, BA WILKISON, SW VANVALIN, CC AF LURIA, M BOATMAN, JF WELLMAN, DL GUNTER, RL WATKINS, BA WILKISON, SW VANVALIN, CC TI LAKE-MICHIGAN OZONE STUDY (LMOS) - MEASUREMENTS FROM AN INSTRUMENTED AIRCRAFT SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE OZONE; ALTITUDE PROFILES; URBAN PLUME ID UNITED-STATES; AIR-POLLUTION; TRANSPORT; GROWTH; URBAN; AREA AB As part of the Lake Michigan Ozone Study, the NOAA instrumented King Air research aircraft made a series of flights over Lake Michigan during the summers of 1990 and 1991 to characterize the atmospheric conditions prevailing during times when O3 concentrations exceeded the air quality standard. Most of the time, O3 concentrations were within the normal range (40-70 ppbv) for the location and season, but higher concentrations were measured during the afternoon flights at several isolated locations. During three afternoon flights, high O3 concentrations (> 120 ppbv) were observed along portions of the flight path; the highest 1-min average exceeded 160 ppbv. In two flights the highest O3 concentrations were observed in the lower boundary layer over the eastern portion of the flight track; in one case the high concentrations were found over the western side of the lake throughout the boundary layer. The increased O3 was accompanied by moderately increased SO2 and NOx (10-20 ppbv); outside the region of elevated O3, the SO2 and NOx were less than 2-3 ppbv. The elevated ozone concentrations were related to emissions from the urban region located near the southern and southwestern shores of Lake Michigan. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,DIV ENVIRON SCI,IL-91104 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. RP LURIA, M (reprint author), NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,AEROSOL RES SECT,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD DEC PY 1992 VL 26 IS 18 BP 3265 EP 3277 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90342-I PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KG847 UT WOS:A1992KG84700003 ER PT J AU NICKERSON, EC SOSA, G HOCHSTEIN, H MCCASLIN, P LUKE, W SCHANOT, A AF NICKERSON, EC SOSA, G HOCHSTEIN, H MCCASLIN, P LUKE, W SCHANOT, A TI PROJECT AGUILA - INSITU MEASUREMENTS OF MEXICO-CITY AIR-POLLUTION BY A RESEARCH AIRCRAFT SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART B-URBAN ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE MEXICO-CITY POLLUTION; POLLUTION PROFILES; AIRCRAFT POLLUTION DATA; OROGRAPHY ID MODEL AB Measurements of aerosol concentrations, chemical species and meteorological quantities in the air above Mexico City were obtained from an instrumented research aircraft. Concentrations of particles in the size range between 0.12 and 3.12 mum were nearly invariant with height, and typical values were of the order of 5000 cm-3. However, particles smaller than 0.12 mum were confined to the lowest few hundred meters of the atmosphere until the morning temperature inversion dissipated, after which time those particles, together with newly formed particles created by secondary processes, mixed to a greater height above the city. Total particle concentrations near the surface attained values in excess of 60,000 cm-3. An examination of the corresponding profiles of SO2 suggests that combustion processes are likely sources for the additional small particles. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,RES AVIAT FACIL,BOULDER,CO 80307. INST MEXICANO PETR,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. NATL SYST & RES,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP NICKERSON, EC (reprint author), NOAA,FORECAST SYST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Sosa, Gustavo/F-3912-2015; Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016 OI Sosa, Gustavo/0000-0002-4980-3491; Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241 NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0957-1272 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON B-URB PD DEC PY 1992 VL 26 IS 4 BP 445 EP 451 DI 10.1016/0957-1272(92)90051-S PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KG848 UT WOS:A1992KG84800003 ER PT J AU ONDOV, JM KELLY, WR HOLLAND, JZ LIN, ZC WIGHT, SA AF ONDOV, JM KELLY, WR HOLLAND, JZ LIN, ZC WIGHT, SA TI TRACING FLY-ASH EMITTED FROM A COAL-FIRED POWER-PLANT WITH ENRICHED RARE-EARTH ISOTOPES - AN URBAN SCALE TEST SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART B-URBAN ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE FLY ASH; COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT; TRACER STUDY ID TRACERS AB Artificially enriched isotopes of neodymium (Nd) were released from a 100 MW(e) coal-fired power plant at rates ranging from 40 to 61 mg h-1 in an experiment designed to test a new intentional particulate tracer technique. During each release, ambient samples of airborne particles with diameters < 2.5 mum were collected for 6 h at 13 locations along a 72-degrees arc 20 km from the plant on 47-mm diameter Teflon filters operated at nominal flow rates of 130 l min-1. Samples collected when estimates of the meteorological dispersion parameter, X/Q, ranged from 0.3 x 10(-10) to 350 x 10(-10) sm-3, were analysed for total Nd mass and excess Nd-148, the tracer isotope, by thermal-ionization mass spectrometry. Measured concentrations were in good agreement with predictions of ambient tracer concentrations made with a Gaussian plume model in which lateral and vertical plume dispersion parameters were derived from the standard deviation of the horizontal wind direction. The observed tracer concentrations correspond to signal-to-noise ratios (S:N) of 150-450. The concentration of Nd-148 measured in particles < 0.65 mum in diameter corresponds to an S:N in excess of 4500. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,TECHNOL ADM,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP ONDOV, JM (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. RI Ondov, John/B-6605-2009 NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0957-1272 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON B-URB PD DEC PY 1992 VL 26 IS 4 BP 453 EP 462 DI 10.1016/0957-1272(92)90052-T PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KG848 UT WOS:A1992KG84800004 ER PT J AU BRIGGS, GA HUBER, AH SNYDER, WH THOMPSON, RS RAMSDELL, JV AF BRIGGS, GA HUBER, AH SNYDER, WH THOMPSON, RS RAMSDELL, JV TI DIFFUSION IN BUILDING WAKES FOR GROUND-LEVEL RELEASES - DISCUSSION SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART B-URBAN ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Discussion ID MODEL CUBE; FLOW C1 US EPA, ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP BRIGGS, GA (reprint author), NOAA, AIR RESOURCES LAB, DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELLING, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0957-1272 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON B-URB PD DEC PY 1992 VL 26 IS 4 BP 513 EP 517 DI 10.1016/0957-1272(92)90058-Z PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KG848 UT WOS:A1992KG84800010 ER PT J AU Reinking, RF Meitin, RJ Kopp, F Orville, HD Stith, JL AF Reinking, Roger F. Meitin, Rebecca J. Kopp, Fred Orville, Harold D. Stith, Jeffrey L. TI Fields of motion and transport within a sheared thunderstorm SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The fields of motion within a small, strongly sheared High Plains thunderstorm are examined using measurements of reflectivity and velocity from an airborne Doppler radar and other in situ measurements. The measurements are complemented by a high resolution two-dimensional numerical simulation of the storm. Implications for predicting storm characteristics, delivery and effectiveness of seeding material, and precipitation efficiency are examined. The numerical model run was made in the forecasting mode 5 h before initial storm development and 7 h before the observations of the mature stage. The main features of the simulated storm structure and motions are very similar to those measured, except that the model produced a vertically and temporally compressed storm. The characteristics of the measured and the modeled storm, in combination, are consistent with other theories and observations that precipitation efficiency is low and a large portion of the processed water substance is transported out through the anvil in thunderstorms that develop in an environment with strong wind speed shears in the vertical. The measurements and the model reveal a quasi-steady-state organization during the mature stage. Although the storm formed in response to surface heating, the simulation and the radar measurements in combination indicate that the relative importance of inflow directly from the surface was diminished during the mature stage and completely cut off during the dissipation stage. Despite the modest size and intensity of this storm, the actual circulation within it was highly three dimensional and this, of course, could not be directly simulated by the two-dimensional model. Mature-stage inflows between about 3 and 6 km above ground level from a south-flank feeder cell field contributed significantly to the main updraft. Effective delivery of cloud seeding material to a storm like this would be influenced by the three-dimensionality and the relative importance of surface feeding in relation to inflows from levels above the surface. Such features would have to be determined in real time and state-of-the-art technologies offer the means to do this. C1 [Reinking, Roger F.] NOAA, Wave Propagat Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Meitin, Rebecca J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Kopp, Fred; Orville, Harold D.] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Inst Atmospher Sci, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Stith, Jeffrey L.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Reinking, RF (reprint author), NOAA, Wave Propagat Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 28 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 197 EP 226 DI 10.1016/0169-8095(92)90009-Y PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V26DB UT WOS:000208525200002 ER PT J AU KIMURA, DK AF KIMURA, DK TI FUNCTIONAL COMPARATIVE CALIBRATION USING AN EM ALGORITHM SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE AGE DETERMINATION; COMPARATIVE CALIBRATION; EM ALGORITHM; FUNCTIONAL REGRESSION; MEASUREMENT MODEL AB For many measurements made on processes and individuals, the true value being measured is unknown or unknowable. When data consist of two or more distinct methods of measurement, the problem of comparing measurements is often referred to as comparative calibration. A provisional analysis of such data can be made assuming one method or set of measurements is unbiased, by means of the classic functional relationship model. Assuming normality in the multivariate case (i.e., more than two methods of measurement), maximum likelihood estimates are usually calculated using generalized eigenvalues and eigenvectors. We propose calculating the same maximum likelihood estimates using a simple EM algorithm. The problems of estimating the variance of parameter estimates and testing the hypothesis of equal calibration lines are considered. An alternative error assumption for the basic model is also explored. The proposed methods are validated using simulation. RP KIMURA, DK (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,BIN C15700,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 9 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 808 17TH ST NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3910 SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD DEC PY 1992 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1263 EP 1271 DI 10.2307/2532717 PG 9 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA KH704 UT WOS:A1992KH70400025 ER PT J AU LO, NCH JACOBSON, LD SQUIRE, JL AF LO, NCH JACOBSON, LD SQUIRE, JL TI INDEXES OF RELATIVE ABUNDANCE FROM FISH SPOTTER DATA BASED ON DELTA-LOGNORMAL MODELS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN ANCHOVY; JAPANESE SARDINE; STOCK ASSESSMENT; AERIAL SURVEYS; CATCH; HOKKAIDO; WATERS AB Fish spotters are pilots in small aircraft employed by commercial fishermen to locate, identify, estimate the size of, and direct boats toward pelagic fish schools. Data describing species, location, and size of schools can be inexpensively obtained from fish spotters but are difficult to interpret statistically. We developed an index of relative abundance from fish spotter data based on extended delta-lognormal models and applied the method to data for northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax). In contrast with previous approaches, our method used all available data, provided an index for northern anchovy that was proportional to abundance, and explicitly modeled factors (pilots, regions, seasons, and time of day) that affected observations by fish spotters. We also included information about mixed layer depth and sea surface temperature in models for a reduced study area and found that environmental data, where available, can be used to improve estimates of relative abundance from fish spotter data. Simulation results indicated that our approach is a cost-effective way to improve biomass estimates for pelagic species like northern anchovy. RP LO, NCH (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 58 TC 139 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 49 IS 12 BP 2515 EP 2526 DI 10.1139/f92-278 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KL532 UT WOS:A1992KL53200010 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, SW THEDINGA, JF KOSKI, KV AF JOHNSON, SW THEDINGA, JF KOSKI, KV TI LIFE-HISTORY OF JUVENILE OCEAN-TYPE CHINOOK SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA) IN THE SITUK RIVER, ALASKA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HABITAT UTILIZATION; STREAM; SELECTION; ESTUARY; KISUTCH; OREGON; FALL AB Distribution, abundance, habitat preference, migration and residence timing, seawater tolerance, and size were determined for juvenile ocean-type (age 0) chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Situk River, Alaska. Chinook primarily occupied main-stem habitats (channel edges in spring, pools and willow edges in summer). Peak chinook densities in the upper and lower main stem were 96 and 76 fish/100 m2, respectively. Chinook migrated downstream in two phases: a spring dispersal of emergent fry and a summer migration. Chinook marked in the upper river in late June and early July were recaptured 20 km downstream in the lower river in late July. Marked chinook resided in the lower river up to 34 d. Mean fork length of chinook in the lower river increased from 40 mm in May to 80 mm in early August. By late August, chinook had emigrated from the lower river at a size of approximately 80 mm. Fish this size were seawater tolerant and had the physical appearance of smolts. Ocean-type chinook in the Situk River are unique because in most Alaskan streams, chinook are stream-type (rear in freshwater at least 1 yr). RP JOHNSON, SW (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,AUKE BAY LAB,11305 GLACIER HIGHWAY,JUNEAU,AK 99801, USA. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 49 IS 12 BP 2621 EP 2629 DI 10.1139/f92-290 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KL532 UT WOS:A1992KL53200022 ER PT J AU GOYAL, IC ROY, S GHATAK, AK GALLAWA, RL AF GOYAL, IC ROY, S GHATAK, AK GALLAWA, RL TI ANHARMONIC-OSCILLATOR ANALYSIS USING MODIFIED AIRY FUNCTIONS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL WAVE-GUIDES; QUARTIC ANHARMONICITY; ENERGY-LEVELS; EIGENVALUES AB We have applied the modified Airy function (MAF) method to the analysis of an anharmonic oscillator, characterized by the potential V(x) = k x2/2 + a x4, k > 0, a > 0. The MAF method gives an accurate closed-form expression for the wave function as well as very accurate eigenvalues with much less numerical effort than the five-term (eighth-order) WKBJ approximation. The application of the first-order perturbation correction to the MAF eigenvalues makes them even more accurate than those obtained by the five-term WKBJ approximation. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. INDIAN INST TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,NEW DELHI 110016,INDIA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 70 IS 12 BP 1218 EP 1221 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA LM298 UT WOS:A1992LM29800004 ER PT J AU WATSON, CL MORROW, HA BRILL, RW AF WATSON, CL MORROW, HA BRILL, RW TI PROTEOLYSIS OF SKELETAL-MUSCLE IN YELLOWFIN TUNA (THUNNUS-ALBACARES) - EVIDENCE OF CALPAIN ACTIVATION SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BURNT TUNA; TEMPERATURE; METABOLISM; MYOFIBRILS; HISTIDINE; PH AB 1. White muscle of yellowfin tuna is subject to a form of deterioration known as "burnt tuna". 2. TEM and SDS-PAGE were used to quantify cellular differences in deteriorated white muscle of yellowfin tuna. 3. Electron micrographs showed a significant loss of Z-disc integrity and an increase in intracellular edema in burnt tuna. 4. Electrophoresis established that a specific doublet of proteins, 42 kD and 46 kD was lost. 5. Proteolysis of isolated myofibrils incubated in calpain (EC 3.4.22.17) was greatest at pH 7.5 and was selective for intermediate molecular weight proteins. 6. This evidence suggests that burnt tuna is a specific and limited proteolysis of myofibrillar structural proteins characteristic of calpain proteolysis. C1 UNIV HAWAII,DEPT PHYSIOL,HONOLULU,HI 96822. UNIV HAWAII,DEPT ANAT,HONOLULU,HI 96822. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,HONOLULU,HI. RP WATSON, CL (reprint author), BROWN UNIV,PHYSIOL SECT,BOX G-B328,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912, USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 103 IS 4 BP 881 EP 887 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(92)90209-A PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA KC936 UT WOS:A1992KC93600017 ER PT J AU KUHN, DR AF KUHN, DR TI A TECHNIQUE FOR ANALYZING THE EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN FORMAL SPECIFICATIONS SO COMPUTER JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Formal specifications are increasingly used in modeling software systems. An important aspect of a model is its value as an analytical tool to investigate the effect of changes. This paper defines the notion of predicate differences and shows how predicate differences may be used to analyze the effects of changes in formal specifications. Predicate differences have both theoretical and practical applications. As a theoretical tool, predicate differences may be used to define a meaning for the 'size' of a change to a formal specification. Practical applications include analyzing the effect of design changes on a previously verified design ; defining an affinity function for reusable software components ; computing slices of formal specifications, similar to program slices; investigating the conditions under which invalid assumptions will render a system non-secure; and formalizing the database inference problem. RP KUHN, DR (reprint author), US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0010-4620 J9 COMPUT J JI Comput. J. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 35 IS 6 BP 574 EP 578 DI 10.1093/comjnl/35.6.574 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA KL750 UT WOS:A1992KL75000005 ER PT J AU LANDRUM, PF LEE, H LYDY, MJ AF LANDRUM, PF LEE, H LYDY, MJ TI TOXICOKINETICS IN AQUATIC SYSTEMS - MODEL COMPARISONS AND USE IN HAZARD ASSESSMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE KINETIC MODELS; BIOACCUMULATION; TISSUE RESIDUE EFFECTS; SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION; HAZARD ASSESSMENT ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; AMPHIPOD PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; CLAM MACOMA-NASUTA; RAINBOW-TROUT; DI-2-ETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL AB Toxicokinetic models are not constrained by assumptions of equilibrium as are thermodynamic (equilibrium-partitioning) models and are more accurate predictors of toxicant accumulation for non-steady-state exposures and multiple uptake routes. Toxicokinetic models - compartment-based models, physiological-based models, and energetics-based models - are reviewed and the different mathematical formalisms compared. Additionally, the residue-based toxicity approach is reviewed. Coupling toxicokinetic models with tissue concentrations at which toxicity occurs offers a direct link between exposure and hazard. Basing hazard on tissue rather than environmental concentrations avoids the errors associated with accommodating multiple sources, pulsed exposures, and non-steady-state accumulation. C1 US EPA,PACIFIC ECOSYST BRANCH,ENVIRONM RES LAB NARRAGANSETT,NEWPORT,OR 97365. RP LANDRUM, PF (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 126 TC 243 Z9 250 U1 4 U2 50 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1709 EP 1725 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[1709:TIASMC]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA JW986 UT WOS:A1992JW98600005 ER PT J AU FONSECA, MS CAHALAN, JA AF FONSECA, MS CAHALAN, JA TI A PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF WAVE ATTENUATION BY 4 SPECIES OF SEAGRASS SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SEAGRASS; WAVES; ATTENUATION; HABITAT; FUNCTION ID ZOSTERA-MARINA L; FLOW; COMMUNITIES; BEDS C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,INST MARINE SCI,MOREHEAD CITY,NC 28557. RP FONSECA, MS (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,BEAUFORT LAB,101 PIVERS ISL RD,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. NR 32 TC 205 Z9 212 U1 4 U2 39 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 35 IS 6 BP 565 EP 576 DI 10.1016/S0272-7714(05)80039-3 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA KG042 UT WOS:A1992KG04200002 ER PT J AU CHAI, H AF CHAI, H TI EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF MIXED-MODE FRACTURE IN ADHESIVE BONDS SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID LAMINATED COMPOSITES; INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE; SHEAR FRACTURE; JOINTS AB Previous tests have shown that the mode 11 and mode III fracture energies of adhesive bonds coincide, with the nominal value dictated by post-yield shear deformation in the interlayer. This suggests that the complete mixed-mode fracture behavior may be delineated by determining the interaction curve in either the G(I)-G(II) or G(I)-G(III) plane. A DCB-type specimen capable of delivering the entire opening versus shearing toughness spectrum in a single test was used. A brittle and a ductile epoxy resin were evaluated, with the adhesive thickness varying from a few micrometers up to 0.6 mm. Excluding very thin bonds, the mixed-mode fracture curve was approximately bilinear; when the applied energy release rate in shear, G(S), was relatively small, the total fracture energy equaled G(IC) but otherwise, the fracture curve decreased essentially linearly with increasing G(S). In the case of the ductile adhesive, the transition in trends occurred when G(S) was approximately 55 percent of the shearing fracture energy. When the bond thickness was decreased to a few micrometers, the mixed-mode curve displayed a concave shape, with mode interaction occurring promptly. SEM analysis and analytical considerations suggest that this change in mixed-mode behavior was due to the development of a triaxial state of stress in the interlayer. Based on previous fracture studies of the individual fracture modes in adhesive bonds and laminated composites, the present results should be also applicable to mixed-mode interlaminar fracture of laminated composites. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP CHAI, H (reprint author), TEL AVIV UNIV,SCH ENGN,DEPT SOLID MECH,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL STREET, BETHEL, CT 06801 SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 32 IS 4 BP 296 EP 303 DI 10.1007/BF02325581 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA KN266 UT WOS:A1992KN26600002 ER PT J AU KARTAVTSEV, YP SITNIKOV, AV KOMISSAROV, PI EGGERS, DM AF KARTAVTSEV, YP SITNIKOV, AV KOMISSAROV, PI EGGERS, DM TI ALLOZYME VARIABILITY AND DIFFERENTIATION OF THE PINK SHRIMP PANDALUS-BOREALIS KROYER FROM THE GULF OF ALASKA AND THE BERING SEA SO GENETIKA LA Russian DT Article ID GENETIC-VARIATION; POPULATIONS AB Population genetic differentiation of the pink shrimp Pandalus borealis was studied at four-five poly-morphic allozyme loci (Gpi, Pgm, Mdh, Mdh, Pep-LT-3) in samples from the Gulf of Alaska and the Bering Sea. Comparative analysis was performed as well for some populations from the Japan Sea and the Barents Sea pooling previoUS results. Statistically high significant heterogeneity of allele frequencies among the cohorts from different sea basins was observed for all five loci under comparison. Populations were genetically homogeneous within any sea or single area basin. Population genetic differentiation measured by the D(m), D(st)', F(st)' shows increasing of these statistics in the following order: population of single area basin (Gulf) - different sea basin& The amount of interpopulation differentiation for the pink shrimp averaged for four loci F(st)' = 0.1129 and D(m) = 0.0297, which is close to many other marine crustaceans with planctonic larvae. Clustering which was performed on the basis fo UPGMA, factor and discriminant analyses, provide clear restricted groups for different sea basins and show increased genetic similarity in the Northern part of the area, in comparison with latitudinal direction and the Southern part of the area. C1 NOAA,DEPT FISH & GAME,JUNEAU,AK. RP KARTAVTSEV, YP (reprint author), ACAD SCI RUSSIA,INST MARINE BIOL,VLADIVOSTOK,RUSSIA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU MEZHDUNARODNAYA KNIGA PI MOSCOW PA 39 DIMITROVA UL., 113095 MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0016-6758 J9 GENETIKA+ JI Genetika PD DEC PY 1992 VL 28 IS 12 BP 58 EP 72 PG 15 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA KG134 UT WOS:A1992KG13400006 ER PT J AU OVERPECK, JT WEBB, RS WEBB, T AF OVERPECK, JT WEBB, RS WEBB, T TI MAPPING EASTERN NORTH-AMERICAN VEGETATION CHANGE OF THE PAST 18 KA - NO-ANALOGS AND THE FUTURE SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL CARBON STORAGE; POLLEN SPECTRA; CLIMATE CHANGE; FORESTS; FOSSIL AB The method of modern analogs and an extensive data base of modern and fossil pollen data were used to generate a new series of paleovegetation maps for eastern North America spanning the past 18 ka. The maps illustrate the continuous nature of climate-induced vegetation change and the development, after about 10 ka, of modern regional vegetation patterns. Before the Holocene, vegetation biomes without modern analogs were widespread in response to climate conditions without modern analogs and, to a lesser extent, to the rapidity of climate change over the last glacial-interglacial transition. This geological perspective suggests that possible future climate changes could force similarly complex changes in natural vegetation, including the development of biomes without modern analogs. C1 UNIV COLORADO,INST ARCTIC & ALPINE RES,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP OVERPECK, JT (reprint author), NOAA,PALEOCLIMATOL PROGRAM,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 31 TC 188 Z9 190 U1 1 U2 30 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 1992 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1071 EP 1074 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<1071:MENAVC>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA KC401 UT WOS:A1992KC40100004 ER PT J AU EANES, ED HAILER, AW MIDURA, RJ HASCALL, VC AF EANES, ED HAILER, AW MIDURA, RJ HASCALL, VC TI PROTEOGLYCAN INHIBITION OF CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE PRECIPITATION IN LIPOSOMAL SUSPENSIONS SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CALCIFICATION; CALCIUM PHOSPHATES; LIPOSOMES; MINERALIZATION; PROTEOGLYCANS ID HYDROXYAPATITE FORMATION; CARTILAGE PROTEOGLYCANS; RAT CHONDROSARCOMA; CALCIFICATION; INVITRO; GROWTH; QUANTITIES; SULFATE AB The major proteoglycan in cartilage (aggrecan) is a complex macromolecule with numerous chondroitin sulphate, keratan sulphate, and oligosaccharide substituents. It has been proposed that this macromolecule has an important role in regulating mineralization in this tissue, a process which is initiated by the deposition of apatite in matrix vesicles. We have used a liposome-centred endogenous precipitation method as a model for matrix vesicle mineralization to study the effect of the rat chondrosarcoma aggrecan and its chondroitin sulphate and core protein components on apatite formation from solution. Precipitation was initiated by encapsulating buffered (Ph 7.4) 50 mmol/l KH2PO4 solutions in the aqueous centres of 7:2:1 phosphatidylcholine:dicetylphosphate:cholesterol liposomes, adding 2.25-2.65 mmol/l Ca2+ and 1.5 mmol/l total inorganic phosphate (PO4) to the suspending medium (Ph 7.4, 22-degrees-C), then making the intervening lipid membranes permeable to the Ca2+ ions with the calcium ionophore X-537A. Aggrecan (0.5%) in the suspending medium had no effect on intraliposomal precipitation, but severely reduced (approximately 70% reduction at 24 h) its subsequent spread into the medium. The chondroitin sulphate and core protein were similarly inhibitory. The degree to which aggrecan and its constituent parts inhibited precipitation correlated with their capacity to bind Ca2+ ions. These findings suggest that functional groups in aggrecan blocked apatite growth by linking via Ca2+ bridges to growth sites on the crystal surfaces. Similar Ca-mediated interactions may well have a critical regulatory role in cartilage mineralization. RP EANES, ED (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,NIDR,RES ASSOCIATE PROGRAM,BLDG 224,ROOM A143,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0959-6658 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD DEC PY 1992 VL 2 IS 6 BP 571 EP 578 DI 10.1093/glycob/2.6.571 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA KD042 UT WOS:A1992KD04200011 PM 1472764 ER PT J AU HARMAN, GG AF HARMAN, GG TI WIRE BONDING - TOWARDS 6-SIGMA YIELD AND FINE PITCH SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS HYBRIDS AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42ND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONF ( ECTC ) CY MAY 18-20, 1992 CL SAN DIEGO, CA AB The leading edge of semiconductor manufacturing is the high yield production of semiconductor devices with high lead counts and fine pitch. The packaging of these chips has become as challenging as the silicon manufacturing itself. The object of this paper is to describe the problems as well as the solutions required to wire bond these high lead count chips to their packages at the required high yields. The elements for achieving 6-sigma wire bond yields can be summarized as follows: 1) the choice of metallization on the chip as well as on the package is critical; 2) an appropriate cleaning procedure (which in some circumstances may be at the wafer level) and/or special storage and shipping containers are necessary; 3) factorial bonder setup, and proper bond test methods are required; 4) uniform, reproducible wire and bonding machine characteristics are essential; and 5) both the chip bond pads and the package pads must be designed with full awareness of the limitations and tolerances of the chosen bonder and its bonding method. Wafer testing probe cards currently limit the minimum wire bond pad pitch on high end devices to about 100 mum. However, 75-mum pitch wedge bonding can be performed with current (modified) autobonders, and 40-mum pitch bonding has been reported. Almost every aspect of fine pitch bonding requires more planning and coordination and is more expensive to achieve than bonding at normal pitch. RP HARMAN, GG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0148-6411 J9 IEEE T COMPON HYBR PD DEC PY 1992 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1005 EP 1012 DI 10.1109/33.206924 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA KU432 UT WOS:A1992KU43200013 ER PT J AU LAUG, OB SOUDERS, TM FLACH, DR AF LAUG, OB SOUDERS, TM FLACH, DR TI A CUSTOM INTEGRATED-CIRCUIT COMPARATOR FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE SAMPLING APPLICATIONS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9TH ANNUAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONF ( IMTC / 92 ) CY MAY 12-14, 1992 CL MEADOWLANDS, NJ SP IEEE ID CONVERTER AB This paper reports on the design and performance of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) comparator that has been optimized for equivalent-time waveform sampling applications. The comparator, which has been fabricated with an 8.5 GHz f(T), bipolar silicon process, features a band-width of > 2 GHz, a settling-time accuracy of 0.1 % in 2 ns, and almost total elimination of ''thermal tails'' in the settling response. Several novel design features that have been used to achieve this level of performance are presented. The comparator can be used in a sampling system for both frequency-domain measurements, e.g., wideband rms voltage measurements, and high-accuracy time-domain pulse measurements. RP LAUG, OB (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 41 IS 6 BP 850 EP 855 DI 10.1109/19.199421 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA KQ207 UT WOS:A1992KQ20700020 ER PT J AU WEISS, MA ALLAN, DW DAVIS, DD LEVINE, J AF WEISS, MA ALLAN, DW DAVIS, DD LEVINE, J TI SMART CLOCK - A NEW TIME SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9TH ANNUAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONF ( IMTC / 92 ) CY MAY 12-14, 1992 CL MEADOWLANDS, NJ SP IEEE AB The Smart Clock, a pending patent of NIST, opens up the possibility for any clock to be automatically synchronized to an external standard with a minimum of measurements. The concept covers a range of applications from wrist watches and household clocks to the specialized world of high-accuracy clocks. The Smart Clock enhances the accuracy or stability of a clock or oscillator by characterizing it against an external standard. The Smart Clock algorithm uses optimal estimation and prediction to apply a correction to the output of the oscillator, maintaining any combination of time or frequency accuracy or stability within specified limits. The algorithm decides when external measurements are necessary to maintain the desired accuracy or stability. We present here a tutorial description of the Smart Clock system and an example of how it could be used to maintain a simple clock to 1 s using measurements over the telephone lines. RP WEISS, MA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 41 IS 6 BP 915 EP 918 DI 10.1109/19.199433 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA KQ207 UT WOS:A1992KQ20700032 ER PT J AU STENBAKKEN, GN DOLEV, A AF STENBAKKEN, GN DOLEV, A TI HIGH-ACCURACY SAMPLING WATTMETER SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9TH ANNUAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONF ( IMTC / 92 ) CY MAY 12-14, 1992 CL MEADOWLANDS, NJ SP IEEE ID POWER; FREQUENCY AB A high-accuracy sampling wattmeter was deveoped at NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) to investigate the feasibility of using waveform sampling techniques for making very accurate power measurements at frequencies from 50 Hz to 1000 Hz. The prototype instrument was used to demonstrate the accuracy achievable with the sampling method. The goal of this study was to develop an instrument having measurement uncertainty of less than +/-50 ppm over these frequencies. The new high-accuracy sampling wattmeter was built around a wideband instrument developed earlier at NIST. The new wattmeter uses 16-bit analog-to-digital (A/D) converters and includes a two-stage current transformer in one of the input modules. This wattmeter, as the previous wattmeter, operates with asynchronous sampling. The high accuracy is achieved by approximately synchronizing the interval over which samples are taken with the period of the input signal. Special care was taken to design input stages with a flat frequency response and low temperature sensitivity. The wattmeter has been calibrated using the NIST Audio-Frequency Power Bridge. The two instruments agreed to better than +/-50 ppm of full scale over the 50 Hz to 1000 Hz frequency range at all power factors. RP STENBAKKEN, GN (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 41 IS 6 BP 974 EP 978 DI 10.1109/19.199445 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA KQ207 UT WOS:A1992KQ20700044 ER PT J AU SHEA, MA SMART, DF ALLEN, JH WILKINSON, DC AF SHEA, MA SMART, DF ALLEN, JH WILKINSON, DC TI SPACECRAFT PROBLEMS IN ASSOCIATION WITH EPISODES OF INTENSE SOLAR-ACTIVITY AND RELATED TERRESTRIAL PHENOMENA DURING MARCH 1991 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29TH IEEE ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR AND SPACE RADIATION EFFECTS CONF AND SHORT COURSE CY JUL 13-17, 1992 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE, RADIAT EFFECTS COMM AB An intense period of solar activity in March 1991 initiated a sequence of major terrestrial effects including the generation of a second inner radiation belt, satellite anomalies, and power surges on electrical power grids. The solar-terrestrial phenomena associated with these various effects are identified and placed in context with similar disturbances this solar cycle. C1 NOAA,NATL GEOPHYS DATA CTR,DIV SOLAR TERR PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP SHEA, MA (reprint author), PHILLIPS LAB,DIV SPACE PHYS,HANSCOM AFB,BEDFORD,MA 01731, USA. NR 7 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1754 EP 1760 DI 10.1109/23.211363 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA KM885 UT WOS:A1992KM88500026 ER PT J AU CONLEY, JF LENAHAN, PM ROITMAN, P AF CONLEY, JF LENAHAN, PM ROITMAN, P TI EVIDENCE FOR A DEEP ELECTRON TRAP AND CHARGE COMPENSATION IN SEPARATION BY IMPLANTED OXYGEN OXIDES SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29TH IEEE ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR AND SPACE RADIATION EFFECTS CONF AND SHORT COURSE CY JUL 13-17, 1992 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE, RADIAT EFFECTS COMM ID SIMOX BURIED OXIDES; SILICON DIOXIDE; DEFECTS; RADIATION; INTERFACE; CENTERS; HOLE; SIO2; ESR AB We present direct evidence for the creation of deep electron traps in Separation by IMplantation of OXygen buried oxides. In addition, we present combined electrical and electron spin resonance evidence which demonstrate that at least some positively charged paramagnetic E' centers are compensated by negatively charged centers. Finally, we present evidence which strongly suggests that a substantial fraction the deep electron traps are coupled to E' centers. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. RP CONLEY, JF (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 39 IS 6 BP 2114 EP 2120 DI 10.1109/23.211410 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA KM885 UT WOS:A1992KM88500073 ER PT J AU CHAI, H AF CHAI, H TI MICROMECHANICS OF SHEAR DEFORMATIONS IN CRACKED BONDED JOINTS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Article ID INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE; MODE-II; COMPOSITES AB Experiments and analytical analysis were carried out to elucidate the process of crack propagation in adhesively bonded joints loaded in mode II. The adhesive used was a toughened epoxy resin, with the bond thickness varying from a few micrometers to 0.6 mm. The development of a plastic deformation zone at the crack tip was monitored in real-time using a high-magnification video camera. Within the plastic zone the adhesive shear strain, determined from scratch marks applied to the specimen edge, was uniform across the bond except for several bond thicknesses long region just ahead of the crack tip where, depending on bond thickness, noticeable strain gradients may develop. The experimental results suggest that the critical shear strain at the crack tip is a viable fracture criterion. A simplified analysis for the cracked bond which is based on the technical theory of beams/plates and which considers nonlinear adhesive behavior was developed. The model prediction for the increase in the plastic deformation zone with load and the distribution of shear strain within the zone agreed well with the experimental results. An expression for the energy dissipated by the advancing crack was derived which accounted for the nonlinearity in the load vs. deflection curve observed in the fracture experiments and allowed G(IIC) to be calculated from easily measurable test parameters. C1 NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 25 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 58 IS 3 BP 223 EP 239 DI 10.1007/BF00015617 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA KK375 UT WOS:A1992KK37500003 ER PT J AU LYONS, JW AF LYONS, JW TI S-AND-T POLICY SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP LYONS, JW (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 8 IS 2 BP 8 EP 9 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA GZ168 UT WOS:A1992GZ16800007 ER PT J AU HERRICK, CN AF HERRICK, CN TI SCIENCE AND CLIMATE POLICY - A HISTORY LESSON SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article RP HERRICK, CN (reprint author), NOAA,NATL CLIMATE PROGRAM OFF,WASHINGTON,DC 20230, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 8 IS 2 BP 56 EP 57 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA GZ168 UT WOS:A1992GZ16800035 ER PT J AU SCHERE, KL COATS, CJ AF SCHERE, KL COATS, CJ TI A STOCHASTIC METHODOLOGY FOR REGIONAL WIND-FIELD MODELING SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID 4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; AREA MESOSCALE MODEL; AIR-POLLUTION; METEOROLOGICAL DATA; TRAJECTORY MODELS; RESOLUTION; SENSITIVITY AB Three-dimensional, regional scale (almost-equal-to 1000 km) air-quality simulation models require hourly inputs of U and V wind components for each vertical layer of the model and for each grid cell in the horizontal. The standard North American meteorological observation network is used to derive the wind-field inputs for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Regional Oxidant Model (ROM) and other regional models. While a fairly dense surface network with hourly observations exists, upper-air data are obtained only twice per day at monitoring sites typically separated by distances of 300-500 km. Using these data to derive the more spatially and temporally resolved gridded wind fields needed by the ROM introduces uncertainties and errors into the model. We present a method of developing gridded wind fields for the ROM that accounts for these nondeterministic features. The method produces a family of potential gridded wind fields that allows for the stochastic nature of the interpolation process. Examples of the derived wind fields are given for the northeastern United States. Potential differences between wind fields, in terms of their effects on air-quality modeling, are inferred from following multiday flow trajectories using various members of the wind-field family. After 72 h of travel time, a trajectory spread of 100-200 km was not uncommon. The sensitivity of results to the density of surface observational data is also presented. Results of the sensitivity analysis showed that, as more stations were eliminated from the analysis, the calculated flow followed the domain mean flow more closely, showing fewer local influences. C1 COMP SCI CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 31 IS 12 BP 1407 EP 1425 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<1407:ASMFRW>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KB863 UT WOS:A1992KB86300005 ER PT J AU MCMILLIN, L UDDSTROM, M COLETTI, A AF MCMILLIN, L UDDSTROM, M COLETTI, A TI A PROCEDURE FOR CORRECTING RADIOSONDE REPORTS FOR RADIATION ERRORS SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Temperature sensors on radiosondes measure a temperature that is a balance between the temperature of the air and the temperature of the radiation environment of the sensor. Because of this balance, the temperature reported by a radiosonde differs from the true air temperature by an amount that is determined by the heat-transfer coefficient, the longwave emissivity of the sensor, the shortwave emissivity, the longwave flux on the sensor surf-ace, the shortwave flux on the sensor surface, and the sensor temperature. Of these quantities, the heat-transfer coefficient is determined by properties of both the sensor and the atmosphere, the reflectivities are determined by the sensor, and the fluxes and air temperature are determined by the atmosphere. For a typical radiosonde, the radiative properties of the sensor can be determined, the coefficient of heat transfer can be estimated, and models exist for calculating the shortwave flux. In this paper, the authors show that a modification of the Elsasser formulation for infrared fluxes can be used to calculate the infrared flux. This provides sufficient information to solve for the temperature difference between the temperature sensor and the air. The method is used to calculate errors for some typical meteorological conditions for the white-coated VIZ sensor, made by VIZ Manufacturing Co. The method was used to examine the range of radiation errors for typical conditions. Although the shortwave radiation error is generally recognized because it is observed in the day-to-night differences, it is demonstrated that the longwave radiation errors are significant and variable. The longwave error for the VIZ instrument can reach 3 K at 10 hPa for a winter profile and can exceed that when there is a stratospheric warming. While the longwave radiation error is generally considered to be a cooling effect, at 100 hPa the longwave radiation is a source of heating in a tropical atmosphere because the tropopause at 100 hPa is cold relative to the rest of the atmosphere that is radiating to the sensor. Clouds have significant effects on both the longwave and shortwave components. A cloud at the tropopause of a tropical atmosphere can change the error of a radiosonde above the cloud from a heating error to a cooling error. At sunrise and sunset, the change in the shortwave error is abrupt. Extremely accurate knowledge of the time and location of the radiosonde is required to reduce the uncertainty in temperature to less than 1 K at the upper levels at these times. RP MCMILLIN, L (reprint author), NOAA,NESDIS,SATELLITE RES LAB,PHYS BRANCH,R RA14,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 9 IS 6 BP 801 EP 811 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1992)009<0801:APFCRR>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KR037 UT WOS:A1992KR03700007 ER PT J AU MOORE, J KANTOROW, M VANDERZWAAG, D MCKENNEY, K AF MOORE, J KANTOROW, M VANDERZWAAG, D MCKENNEY, K TI ESCHERICHIA-COLI CYCLIC-AMP RECEPTOR PROTEIN MUTANTS PROVIDE EVIDENCE FOR LIGAND CONTACTS IMPORTANT IN ACTIVATION SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CATABOLITE GENE ACTIVATOR; DNA-SEQUENCE-RECOGNITION; DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; BINDING; CAP; SITE; MUTATIONS; COMPLEX; TRANSCRIPTION; SPECIFICITY AB The three-dimensional model of the Escherichia coli cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein (CRP) shows that several amino acids are involved as chemical contacts for binding cAMP. We have constructed and characterized mutants at four of these positions, E72, R82, S83, and R123. The mutations were made in wild-type crp as well as a cAMP-independent crp, crp*. The activities of the mutant proteins were characterized in vivo for their ability to activate the lac operon. These results provide genetic evidence to support that E72 and R82 are essential and S83 and R123 are important in the activation of CRP by cAMP. C1 MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,9600 GUDELSKY DR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. RP MCKENNEY, K (reprint author), MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,9600 GUDELSKY DR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 174 IS 24 BP 8030 EP 8035 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KC719 UT WOS:A1992KC71900021 PM 1334069 ER PT J AU DEHMER, JL DEHMER, PM WEST, JB HAYES, MA SIGGEL, MRF PARR, AC AF DEHMER, JL DEHMER, PM WEST, JB HAYES, MA SIGGEL, MRF PARR, AC TI VIBRATIONAL AUTOIONIZATION IN H-2 - VIBRATIONAL BRANCHING RATIOS AND PHOTOELECTRON ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS NEAR THE V+ = 3 THRESHOLD SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DEFECT THEORY; DYNAMIC COUPLING PHENOMENA; MOLECULAR EXCITED STATES; HIGH-RESOLUTION; H2; PREDISSOCIATION; PREIONIZATION AB Vibrational branching ratios and photoelectron angular distributions are reported for photoionization of normal (the equilibrium ortho/para mixture) hydrogen in the region just above the upsilon+=3 ionization limit. This region contains a number of vibrationally autoionizing Rydberg states, and the goal of the work was to observe experimentally the characteristic behavior associated with the decay of these states that was predicted by Raoult and Jungen V. Chem. Phys. 74, 3388 (1981)] on the basis of an MQDT (multichannel quantum defect theory) calculation on para-H-2 (J"=0). We have indeed observed that vibrational autoionization strongly favors the ionization channel representing the minimum change in the vibrational state of the ion core, as predicted. We also observed a sharp reduction in the photo-electron asymmetry of the upsilon+=3 (and, to a lesser extent, the upsilon+=2) ionization channel for resonant photoionization. Hence, qualitative agreement with theory is observed; however, a quantitative comparison now requires an extended calculation that includes the additional rotational levels that were populated under the present experimental conditions. C1 SERC,DARESBURY LAB,WARRINGTON WA4 4AD,CHESHIRE,ENGLAND. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP DEHMER, JL (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 97 IS 11 BP 7911 EP 7917 DI 10.1063/1.463466 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA KA706 UT WOS:A1992KA70600006 ER PT J AU FARRELL, JT SNEH, O MCILROY, A KNIGHT, AEW NESBITT, DJ AF FARRELL, JT SNEH, O MCILROY, A KNIGHT, AEW NESBITT, DJ TI HIGH-RESOLUTION INFRARED OVERTONE SPECTROSCOPY OF ARHF VIA NDYAG/DYE LASER DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY-GENERATION SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VANDERWAALS MOLECULES; ROTATIONAL PREDISSOCIATION; INTERMOLECULAR FORCES; INTERNAL ROTOR; COMPLEXES; HF; DYNAMICS; BANDS; POTENTIALS; SPECTRUM AB The first high-resolution spectra of ArHF excited to the upsilon(HF) = 2 <-- 0 manifold near 7800 cm-1 are recorded via direct infrared absorption in a slit supersonic expansion. The tunable difference frequency light is generated via nonlinear subtraction of a cw Nd:YAG laser from a tunable cw ring dye laser in temperature phase matched LiNbO3, and permits continuous single-mode access to the 1-2 mum near-IR region. Rotationally resolved spectra are presented for the pure HF stretching overtone (2000) <-- (0000), as well as for combination band excitation into the SIGMA bend (2100) <-- (0000) and PI bend (2110) <-- (0000) internal rotor levels built on the upsilon(HF)=2 overtone stretch. Local perturbations in the PI bend spectrum are observed which arise from a resonant crossing of rotational levels with the (2002) van der Waals stretch and allow spectroscopic analysis of this state. Nonresonant coupling between the SIGMA and PI bend vibrational levels is evidenced by anomalous P branch/R branch transition intensities and is analyzed as Coriolis interactions in a tumbling, hindered rotor. The spectra reveal Doppler limited line shapes [DELTAnu = 79(11) MHz] characteristic of the temperature and geometry of the slit expansion. An upper limit of DELTAnu(prediss) < 2 MHz Lorentzian broadening is established, indicating an 80 ns lower limit to the predissociation lifetime. Comparison of intermolecular vibrational levels in ArHF upsilon(HF)=0, 1, and 2 indicates a systematic increase in both angular anisotropy and radial well depth upon excitation of the high-frequency HF stretch. In conjunction with previous results from the upsilon(HF)=1 and upsilon(HF)=0 vibrational levels, these studies provide the necessary data for fitting an atom + diatom potential energy surface as a function of all intermolecular and intramolecular internal degrees of freedom. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. GRIFFITH UNIV,DIV SCI & TECHNOL,MOLEC DYNAM LAB,NATHAN,QLD 4111,AUSTRALIA. RP FARRELL, JT (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 41 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 97 IS 11 BP 7967 EP 7978 DI 10.1063/1.463471 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA KA706 UT WOS:A1992KA70600011 ER PT J AU LOVEJOY, CM HUTSON, JM NESBITT, DJ AF LOVEJOY, CM HUTSON, JM NESBITT, DJ TI A SPECTROSCOPIC PUZZLE IN ARHF SOLVED - THE TEST OF A NEW POTENTIAL SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANISOTROPIC INTERMOLECULAR FORCES; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; ROTATIONAL PREDISSOCIATION; VANDERWAALS COMPLEXES; ENERGY SURFACE; VIBRATIONAL PREDISSOCIATION; INTERNAL DYNAMICS; HF; HCL AB The perturbed (v,b,K,n) = (1210), (1113) <-- (0000) band of ArHF is observed in a tunable laser/slit supersonic expansion spectrometer. The (1210) level correlates with j=2 rotation of the HF within the complex and therefore provides a test of high-order terms in a Legendre expansion of the intermolecular potential. Transitions to (1113) are observed due to intensity sharing with (1210), induced by a strong homogeneous (J-independent) perturbation that is analyzed quantitatively. The (1113) level has three quanta of Van der Waals stretch and thus probes the radial dependence of the potential close to the dissociation limit. The vibrational and rotational assignment is made possible by predictions based on the new H6(4,3,2) intermolecular potential of Hutson [J. Chem. Phys. 96, 6752 (1992)], which agree nearly quantitatively with experiment. C1 UNIV DURHAM,DEPT CHEM,DURHAM DH1 3LE,ENGLAND. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP LOVEJOY, CM (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Hutson, Jeremy/F-4748-2012 OI Hutson, Jeremy/0000-0002-4344-6622 NR 36 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 97 IS 11 BP 8009 EP 8016 DI 10.1063/1.463424 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA KA706 UT WOS:A1992KA70600016 ER PT J AU NESBITT, DJ LASCOLA, R AF NESBITT, DJ LASCOLA, R TI VIBRATION, ROTATION, AND PARITY SPECIFIC PREDISSOCIATION DYNAMICS IN ASYMMETRIC OH STRETCH EXCITED ARH2O - A HALF COLLISION STUDY OF RESONANT V-V ENERGY-TRANSFER IN A WEAKLY BOUND COMPLEX SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; INTERNAL ROTOR DYNAMICS; VANDERWAALS COMPLEXES; MOLECULAR-BEAM; SCATTERING EXPERIMENTS; INELASTIC-COLLISIONS; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; CROSS-SECTIONS; WATER-VAPOR; STATE AB Para ArH2O complexes are detected via slit jet direct absorption spectroscopy using continuous wave difference frequency generation of high resolution tunable IR in the 3780 cm-1 upsilon3 = 1 <-- 0 asymmetric OH stretch region. P/R and Q branch transitions on the PI(1(01),upsilon3 = 1) <-- SIGMA(0(00),upsilon3=0) band are observed, which derive oscillator strength from the 1(01) <-- 0(00) upsilon3=1 <-- 0 transition in free H2O and access upper states of e and f parity, respectively. Frequency shifts in the f parity levels (Q branch), and both frequency shifts and predissociation broadened linewidths in the e parity levels (P/R branch) are evidenced in the spectrum, unambiguously characteristic of an avoided crossing in the vicinity of J'=6 with a second, near resonant vibration-internal rotation state in ArH2O. From detailed analysis of the avoided crossing, this perturbing state is assigned to a symmetric (upsilon1=1) OH stretch + internal rotor state in ArH2O, which resonantly mixes with the IR laser prepared asymmetric (upsilon3=1) OH stretch by resonant "half collisional" V --> V transfer with the Ar atom. The striking parity dependence of the observed predissociation linewidths results from energy conservation and the symmetries of the asymptotic Ar + H2O (upsilon1=1) states; the e parity levels can dissociate to the ground 0(00) rotor level of H2O (upsilon1=1), whereas the f parity levels can access at lowest the 1(11) rotor level, therefore releasing insufficient energy to rupture the van der Waals bond. The data establishes a clear upper limit on the dissociation bond strength for para ArH2O, and place spectroscopic constraints on the promoting internal rotor state in ArH2O (upsilon1=1 A simple local mode theory of half collision induced mixing between symmetric and asymmetric stretch excitation in H2O is presented. The model predicts a coupling which is proportional to three factors, (i) a "steric" term which describes the overlap of initial/final internal rotor wave functions in the ArH2O angular geometry conductive to energy transfer, (ii) a "collisional" term which depends on the van der Waals stretching frequency and reduced mass, and (iii) an intramolecular V --> V term to describe the "rephasing" of the OH local modes that characterizes the collisional transformation between asymmetric and symmetric stretch vibrations. All the parameters in the model are accessible from the high resolution van der Waals spectra, and the resulting predictions are in surprisingly good agreement with the coupling spectroscopically determined from the perturbation analysis. The high efficiency of the predissociation dynamics is also qualitatively consistent with the near gas kinetic upsilon3<->upsilon1 energy transfer observed by Finzi et al [J. Chem. Phys. 63, 2285 (1975)] in thermally averaged H2O(upsilon1,upsilon3) + Ar collisions. In summary, analysis of the J and parity dependent predissociation linewidths and frequency shifts in a van der Waals near-IR spectrum of ArH2O offers an unusually detailed glimpse at collision induced intramolecular V-V transfer in vibrationally excited H2O from a half collision perspective. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM ENGN,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP NESBITT, DJ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. OI Lascola, Robert/0000-0002-6784-5644 NR 80 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 97 IS 11 BP 8096 EP 8110 DI 10.1063/1.463431 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA KA706 UT WOS:A1992KA70600023 ER PT J AU ZHANG, KC BRIGGS, ME GAMMON, RW SENGERS, JMHL AF ZHANG, KC BRIGGS, ME GAMMON, RW SENGERS, JMHL TI THE SUSCEPTIBILITY CRITICAL EXPONENT FOR A NONAQUEOUS IONIC BINARY MIXTURE NEAR A CONSOLUTE POINT SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM; WATER AB We report turbidity measurements of a nonaqueous ionic solution of triethyl n-hexylammonium triethyl n-hexylboride in diphenyl ether. A classical susceptibility critical exponent gamma=1.01+/-0.01 is obtained over the reduced temperature range 10(-4) less-than-or-equal-to t less-than-or-equal-to 10(-1). The best fits of the sample transmission had a standard deviation of 0.39% over this range. Ising and spherical model critical exponents are firmly excluded. The correlation length amplitude xi0 from fitting is 1.0+/-0.2 nm which is much larger than values found in neutral fluids and some aqueous binary mixtures. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP ZHANG, KC (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,INST PHYS SCI & TECHNOL,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 30 TC 113 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 97 IS 11 BP 8692 EP 8697 DI 10.1063/1.463387 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA KA706 UT WOS:A1992KA70600085 ER PT J AU DIAZ, EL DOMALSKI, ES COLBERT, JC AF DIAZ, EL DOMALSKI, ES COLBERT, JC TI ENTHALPIES OF COMBUSTION OF GLYCYLGLYCINE AND DL-ALANYL-DL-ALANINE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,STAND REFERENCE MAT PROGRAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1311 EP 1318 DI 10.1016/S0021-9614(05)80272-1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA KB267 UT WOS:A1992KB26700011 ER PT J AU OHARE, PAG AF OHARE, PAG TI THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SILICIDES .1. CALORIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF THE SPECIFIC ENERGY OF COMBUSTION IN FLUORINE OF HYPERSTOICHIOMETRIC TUNGSTEN DISILICIDE, AND THE DERIVED STANDARD MOLAR ENTHALPY OF FORMATION DELTA(F)H(M)DEGREES(WSI(2.060)) AT THE TEMPERATURE 298.15-K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 EI 1096-3626 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1323 EP 1332 DI 10.1016/S0021-9614(05)80274-5 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA KB267 UT WOS:A1992KB26700013 ER PT J AU GUTZLER, DS ROSEN, RD AF GUTZLER, DS ROSEN, RD TI INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OF WINTERTIME SNOW COVER ACROSS THE NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article AB Digitized maps of Northern Hemisphere snow cover derived from visible satellite imagery are examined to assess the interannual variability of snow cover in winter months for years 1972-90. The secular trend of winter snow cover over the landmasses of Eurasia and North America during this period is extremely small in December and January. A decreasing trend of somewhat larger magnitude is observed in Eurasian snow cover in February. Fluctuations of detrended interannual snow-cover anomalies averaged over the Eurasian and North American continents are positively correlated. By subdividing the continents into longitudinal sectors it is determined that this intercontinental relationship is due to high correlations between European and North American sector's. The relationship of snow-cover fluctuations to large-scale circulation anomalies is described using time series of teleconnection pattern indices derived from monthly mean geopotential height fields. A pattern of height anomalies resembling the North Atlantic Oscillation is correlated with snow-cover anomalies in North America and Europe. The Pacific-North American teleconnection pattern is highly correlated with snow-cover anomalies in western North America but has limited influence on intercontinental snow-cover fluctuations. C1 ATMOSPHER & ENVIRONM RES INC,CAMBRIDGE,MA. RP GUTZLER, DS (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,AERON LAB,REAL3,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 13 TC 112 Z9 118 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 5 IS 12 BP 1441 EP 1447 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005<1441:IVOWSC>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KZ876 UT WOS:A1992KZ87600006 ER PT J AU SCHWEIGER, AJ KEY, JR AF SCHWEIGER, AJ KEY, JR TI ARCTIC CLOUDINESS - COMPARISON OF ISCCP-C2 AND NIMBUS-7 SATELLITE-DERIVED CLOUD PRODUCTS WITH A SURFACE-BASED CLOUD CLIMATOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID COVER ANALYSIS; IMAGERY; EUROPE; OCEAN; ICE AB One surface-based and two satellite arctic cloud climatologies are compared in terms of the annual cycle and spatial patterns of total monthly cloud amounts. Additionally, amounts and spatial patterns of low, middle, and high cloud type are compared. The surface-based dataset is for the years 1951-81, while the satellite-based data are for 1979-85 and 1983-86. The satellite cloud amounts are generally 5%-35% less than the surface observations over the entire Arctic. However, regional differences may be as high as 45%. During July the surface-based cloud amounts for the central Arctic are about 40% greater than the satellite-based, but only 10% greater in the Norwegian Sea area. Surprisingly, (ISCCP) cloud climatology and surface observations agree better during winter than during summer. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed, though it is not possible to deter-mine which cloud climatology is the ''correct'' one. RP SCHWEIGER, AJ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,DIV CRYOSPHER & POLAR PROC,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010 OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050 NR 33 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 5 IS 12 BP 1514 EP 1527 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005<1514:ACCOIC>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KZ876 UT WOS:A1992KZ87600012 ER PT J AU COFFEY, HE AF COFFEY, HE TI GEOMAGNETIC AND SOLAR DATA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article RP COFFEY, HE (reprint author), NOAA,WORLD DATA CTR A SOLAR TERR PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 97 IS A12 BP 19535 EP 19536 DI 10.1029/92JA02673 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA KD128 UT WOS:A1992KD12800040 ER PT J AU DEB, KK HILL, MD KELLY, JF AF DEB, KK HILL, MD KELLY, JF TI PYROELECTRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MODIFIED BARIUM-TITANATE CERAMICS SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BATIO3 AB BaZrO3 and BaHfO3 modified polycrystalline BaTiO3 are candidate materials for transverse mode and pyroelectric charge coupled device (CCD) arrays. Addition of 3-4% barium zirconate and barium hafnate to barium titanate alters the temperature of phase transformations and with it, dielectric and pyroelectric properties. These additions create a temperature range close to room temperature where the pyroelectric coefficient is extremely high relative to the dielectric permittivity. These materials show a very high figure of merit for dielectric bolometer applications that is competitive with existing materials, while being relatively easy to prepare. C1 INFRARED TECHNOL DIV,ELECTROOPT DIRECTORATE,FT BELVOIR,VA 22060. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ELECTR MAT GRP,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP DEB, KK (reprint author), CECOM,CTR NIGHT VIS,FT BELVOIR,VA 22060, USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 10 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 7 IS 12 BP 3296 EP 3305 DI 10.1557/JMR.1992.3296 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA KB464 UT WOS:A1992KB46400016 ER PT J AU VANHEUKELEM, L LEWITUS, AJ KANA, TM CRAFT, NE AF VANHEUKELEM, L LEWITUS, AJ KANA, TM CRAFT, NE TI HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY OF PHYTOPLANKTON PIGMENTS USING A POLYMERIC REVERSED-PHASE C-18 COLUMN SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CAROTENOIDS; CHLOROPHYLL-C; HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPLC); LUTEIN; PHYTOPLANKTON; PIGMENTS; POLYMERIC; REVERSED-PHASE HPLC; ZEAXANTHIN ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; BETA-CAROTENE; SEPARATION; CHLOROPHYLLS; PRODUCTS AB A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described that allows improved resolution of several chemotaxonomically significant phytoplankton pigments. The protocol, which employs two pumps and a modified Mantoura and Llewellyn (1983) solvent system, can be easily adapted for many HPLC systems currently in use. The most unique aspect of the method is the use of a polymeric C18 reversed-phase HPLC column (VYDAC 201TP). In comparison to the monomeric C18 columns typically used in the characterization of phytoplankton pigments, polymeric C18 columns offer superior selectivity for structurally similar compounds. The protocol was evaluated for the ability to resolve most of the phytoplankton pigments of diagnostic importance using algal cultures from nine classes. Pigment pairs that were resolved by the method include a) lutein and zeaxanthin, b) neoxanthin and 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, and c) alpha-carotene and beta-carotene, and partial resolution of chlorophyll c1 and chlorophyll c2. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV ORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP VANHEUKELEM, L (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,HORN POINT ENVIRONM LAB,POB 775,CAMBRIDGE,MD 21613, USA. NR 23 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 7 PU PHYCOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 28 IS 6 BP 867 EP 872 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KH068 UT WOS:A1992KH06800021 ER PT J AU TZIPERMAN, E THACKER, WC LONG, RB HWANG, SM AF TZIPERMAN, E THACKER, WC LONG, RB HWANG, SM TI OCEANIC DATA-ANALYSIS USING A GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL .1. SIMULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; HYDROGRAPHIC DATA; ASSIMILATION AB This paper deals with the solution of inverse problems involving complex numerical models of the oceanic general circulation and large datasets. The goal of these inverse problems is to find values for model inputs consistent with a steady circulation and, at the same time, consistent with the available data. They are formulated as optimization problems. seeking values for the model's inputs that minimize a cost function measuring departures from steady state and from data. The two main objectives of this work are 1) to examine the feasibility of solving inverse problems involving a realistic numerical model of the oceanic general circulation and 2) to understand how the optimization uses various data to calculate the desired model parameters. The model considered here is similar to the primitive equation model of Bryan and of Cox, the principal difference being that here the horizontal momentum balance is essentially geostrophic. The model's inputs calculated by the optimization consist of surface fluxes of heat, water, and momentum, as well as the eddy-mixing parameters. In addition, optimal estimates for the hydrography are obtained by requiring the hydrography to be consistent with both other types of data and the model's dynamics. In the examples presented here, the data have been generated by the model from known inputs; in some cases, simulated noise has been added. The cost function is a sum of terms quadratic in the differences between the data and their model counterparts and terms quadratic in the temperature and salinity time rate of change as evaluated using the model equations. The different inverse problems considered differ in the choice of the model inputs calculated by the optimization and in the data used in the cost function. Optimal values of the model's inputs are computed using a conjugate-gradient minimization algorithm, with the gradient computed using the so-called adjoint method. In examples without added noise, solutions for the model inputs were found efficiently and accurately. This was not the case when simulated data with randomly generated noise were used. Amplification of noise was especially felt in regions of deep-water formation due to the strong vertical mixing in these regions. Away from deep-water formation regions, the performance of the optimization with noisy data was still not satisfactory, possibly due to bad conditioning of the problem. The conditioning of the optimization and the difficulties due to the noise amplification are further discussed in Part II of this work using real oceanographic data for the North Atlantic Ocean. C1 COOPERAT INST MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,MIAMI,FL. WEIZMANN INST SCI,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENERGY RES,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,MIAMI,FL. RI Thacker, Carlisle/I-3813-2013 OI Thacker, Carlisle/0000-0002-9285-8826 NR 28 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1434 EP 1457 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1992)022<1434:ODAUAG>2.0.CO;2 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA KE738 UT WOS:A1992KE73800003 ER PT J AU TZIPERMAN, E THACKER, WC LONG, RB HWANG, SM RINTOUL, SR AF TZIPERMAN, E THACKER, WC LONG, RB HWANG, SM RINTOUL, SR TI OCEANIC DATA-ANALYSIS USING A GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL .2. A NORTH-ATLANTIC MODEL SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID INVERSE METHODS; FLUXES; HEAT AB A general circulation model and North Atlantic climatological data of temperature, salinity, wind stress, evaporation minus precipitation, and air-sea heat fluxes are used to examine the possibility of solving inverse problems using a full-scale numerical GCM and real oceanographic data, combined through an optimization approach. In this study several solutions for the model inputs and the structure of the cost function as a function of the model inputs are examined to demonstrate two of the main difficulties confronting such large-scale nonlinear inverse problems (about 30 000 unknowns and a similar number of constraints for the problem examined here). The first is the possible existence of local minima of the cost function, which prevents convergence of the optimization to the global minimum representing the desired optimal solution for the model inputs. The second difficulty, which seems the dominant one for many of the problems examined in this part as well as in Part I, is the ill conditioning of the inverse problem. Simple model equations are used to analyze the conditioning of the optimization problem and to analyze the role of both dissipation and waves in the model dynamics in conditioning the problem. The analysis suggests what might be an improved formulation of the cost function resulting in better conditioning of th e problem. The relation between the optimization approach and the robust diagnostic method of Sarmiento and Bryan is explicitly demonstrated, and the solution obtained by combining the two methods is used to examine the performance of the GCM used here for the North Atlantic Ocean. C1 WEIZMANN INST SCI,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENERGY RES,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,MIAMI,FL. COOPERAT INST MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,MIAMI,FL. CSIRO,DIV OCEANOG,HOBART,TAS,AUSTRALIA. RI Rintoul, Stephen /A-1471-2012; Thacker, Carlisle/I-3813-2013 OI Rintoul, Stephen /0000-0002-7055-9876; Thacker, Carlisle/0000-0002-9285-8826 NR 21 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1458 EP 1485 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1992)022<1458:ODAUAG>2.0.CO;2 PG 28 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA KE738 UT WOS:A1992KE73800004 ER PT J AU SNYDER, RL LAWSON, LM LONG, RB AF SNYDER, RL LAWSON, LM LONG, RB TI INVERSE MODELING OF THE ACTION-BALANCE EQUATION .1. SOURCE EXPANSION AND ADJOINT-MODEL EQUATIONS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; ASSIMILATION AB In this paper a series of numerical experiments is defined to explore the inverse modeling of the action-balance equation governing the evolution of the surface gravity wave field, using the adjoint data-assimilation model-optimization procedure of Thacker and Long. We begin by exploiting power series, functional power series, and a variety of physical and mathematical considerations to derive a systematic expansion of the source terms in this equation for the deep-water case. This expansion, which naturally incorporates a Thacker representation for the nonlinear transfer from wave-wave interactions, defines a set of dimensionless expansion coefficients to be determined by the inverse modeling and identifies the simplified cases to be investigated in the numerical experiments. Dimensional analysis determines a natural scaling for each term in this expansion and suggests a general form for the whitecap dissipation term, which includes as a special case the form proposed by Hasselmann, determining the first-order contribution to his unknown spectrum-dependent coefficient to within a multiplicative spectrum-independent constant. A general discussion of the evolution of the simplified cases reveals a striking tendency to concentrate action in a single band when whitecap dissipation has the Hasselmann form and nonlinear transfer is ignored. A derivation of the adjoint-model equations is included for one of the simplified cases and a general discussion of the model-optimization procedure is given. In these equations, nonlinear transfer is mirrored by a term of similar form, with Thacker's nonlinear transfer coefficients replaced by a related set of adjoint coefficients and the triple product of spectral intensities replaced by a product of two spectral intensities and a Lagrange multiplier. C1 E TENNESSEE STATE UNIV,JOHNSON CITY,TN 37614. ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,MIAMI,FL. RP SNYDER, RL (reprint author), NOVA UNIV,CTR OCEANOG,8000 N OCEAN DR,DANIA,FL 33004, USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1540 EP 1555 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1992)022<1540:IMOTAB>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA KE738 UT WOS:A1992KE73800008 ER PT J AU ACKROYD, MH ALLISON, H ASTANEH, A BAKER, WF BJORHOVDE, R BURNS, CL DEBUEN, O DISQUE, RO FISHER, JM GESCHWINDNER, LF GRIFFIS, LG GROSS, JL HATMAKER, CW IOANNIDES, S OMALLEY, J MARTINEZROMERO, E MURRAY, TM NAIR, RS NOTCH, JS POLAND, CD RICKER, DT RONGOE, JJ RUDDY, JL STOCKWELL, FW THORNTON, WA TROUP, EWJ WIESNER, KB YOUSSEF, NFG AF ACKROYD, MH ALLISON, H ASTANEH, A BAKER, WF BJORHOVDE, R BURNS, CL DEBUEN, O DISQUE, RO FISHER, JM GESCHWINDNER, LF GRIFFIS, LG GROSS, JL HATMAKER, CW IOANNIDES, S OMALLEY, J MARTINEZROMERO, E MURRAY, TM NAIR, RS NOTCH, JS POLAND, CD RICKER, DT RONGOE, JJ RUDDY, JL STOCKWELL, FW THORNTON, WA TROUP, EWJ WIESNER, KB YOUSSEF, NFG TI COMPENDIUM OF DESIGN OFFICE PROBLEMS SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID CONNECTIONS AB With the principal aim of resolving long-standing questions of designers, the paper presents detailed solutions and references for a large number of design problems for steel building structures. Practical utilization is emphasized, to the effect that the reader will be able to use the solutions directly. Each problem is listed separately, with a detailed discussion of the technical subject matter, and one or more relevant references provided as part of the solution. In addition, topics currently under study are given, as are subjects in need of investigation. C1 STRUCT AFFILIATES INT INC,NASHVILLE,TN. HJ DEGENKOLB ASSOCIATES,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. ENRIQUE MARTINEZ ROMERO,MEXICO CITY,MEXICO. RTKL ASSOCIATES INC,BALTIMORE,MD. NOTCH & ASSOCIATES INC,ARLINGTON,TX. FLETCHER THOMSON INC,BRIDGEPORT,CT. VESCOM SYST,NEW YORK,NY. CIVES ENGN CORP,ROSWELL,GA. LEMESSURIER CONSULTANTS INC,CAMBRIDGE,MA. ALBERT C MARTIN ASSOCIATES,LOS ANGELES,CA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. SKIDMORE OWINGS & MERRILL INC,CHICAGO,IL. UNIV PITTSBURGH,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. COLINAS BLIEN,MEXICO CITY,MEXICO. BESIER GIBBLE NORDEN INC,OLD SAYBROOK,CT. COMP STRUCT DESIGN INC,MILINAUKEE,WI. PENN STATE UNIV,UNIV PK,PA 16802. WALTER P MOORE & ASSOCIATES,HOUSTON,TX. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD. RP ACKROYD, MH (reprint author), FIRST PRINCIPLES ENGN,ACTON,MA, USA. RI Gross, Jorge/G-9138-2012 NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 1992 VL 118 IS 12 BP 3444 EP 3463 PG 20 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA JZ466 UT WOS:A1992JZ46600014 ER PT J AU NORTON, SJ AF NORTON, SJ TI ANNULAR ARRAY IMAGING WITH FULL-APERTURE RESOLUTION SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB The problem of imaging with an annular array of transducers by employing all pairs of transducer elements around the circumference of the annulus as transmitters and receivers is considered. If theta(t) and theta(r) are, respectively, the angular locations of a pair of transmitting and receiving elements, then weighting the received signal with the positive weight 2\sin (theta(t) - theta(r)\ before coherent summation results in an image point spread function of the form J1 (R)/R. This corresponds to the point spread function of a full circular (area) aperture. Moreover, it is shown that the diameter of this synthetic aperture is twice that of the annulus. A more general weighting function is also derived that results in a point spread function of the form J(n) (R)/R(n), n = 1,2,..., which is shown to correspond to an apodized circular aperture of diameter twice that of the annulus. RP NORTON, SJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 5 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 92 IS 6 BP 3202 EP 3206 DI 10.1121/1.404169 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA KB223 UT WOS:A1992KB22300016 ER PT J AU PECHENIK, A PIERMARINI, GJ DANFORTH, SC AF PECHENIK, A PIERMARINI, GJ DANFORTH, SC TI FABRICATION OF TRANSPARENT SILICON-NITRIDE FROM NANOSIZE PARTICLES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HOT AB Compaction of ultrafine silicon nitride (Si3N4) powder at high pressures and various temperatures followed by pressureless sintering was investigated. The powder, consisting of nearly spherical particles (16 nm in diameter) of amorphous stoichiometric Si3N4, was pressed in a diamond anvil cell under pressures up to 5 GPa and temperatures ranging from liquid nitrogen to 500-degrees-C. Quality of compaction, evaluated by visual transparency and hardness of the produced compacts, depended on the amount of adsorbed gases on the surface of the particles and on the temperature of compaction. Visually transparent compacts were produced by pressing the starting powder without outgassing in liquid nitrogen under 5 GPa. The transparent compacts exhibited a hardness of 1200 kg/mm2 after pressing in the diamond anvil cell at 500-degrees-C for 3 h at 5 GPa. After subsequent pressureless sintering conducted for 1 h at 1400-degrees-C in a tube furnace under nitrogen, the hardness of these samples increased to over 2000 kg/mm2 and the visual transparency was maintained. The results demonstrated that transparent compacts of nanosize amorphous Si3N4 particles could be sintered to high hardness at relatively low temperatures without using sintering aids or applying pressure during sintering. C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV,CTR CERAM RES,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855. RP PECHENIK, A (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 12 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 75 IS 12 BP 3283 EP 3288 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1992.tb04422.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA KC291 UT WOS:A1992KC29100012 ER PT J AU WATERSTRAT, RM AF WATERSTRAT, RM TI NEW ALLOYS SHOW EXTRAORDINARY RESISTANCE TO FRACTURE AND WEAR SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article RP WATERSTRAT, RM (reprint author), NIST,PRC DENT MET PROGRAM,BLDG 224-A-153,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 123 IS 12 BP 32 EP 36 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA KA950 UT WOS:A1992KA95000009 PM 1484133 ER PT J AU WU, GX LIU, HZ AF WU, GX LIU, HZ TI ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATION IN RESPONSE TO EQUATORIAL AND TROPICAL SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; WALKER CIRCULATION; CONVERGENCE AB Three sets of numerical experiments based on a GFDL GCM were developed to investigate the response of the large-scale tropical circulation and precipitation to the tropical and equatorial sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. Specified SST anomaly (SSTA) with a small latitudinal scale of 13.5-degrees was imposed in different regions of the Pacific Ocean in different sets of experiments and added to the climate-mean August SST LO form a lower boundary forcing. Each set is composed of two experiments in which the SSTA possesses the same coverage and intensity but opposite sign. Anomalies of meteorological fields are calculated as the differences between the results of the warm and cold SSTA experiments. In all experiments, prominent anomalous low-level convergence and high-level divergence are observed over the warm SSTA regions. For experiments with warm SSTA placed at the equator, responses of the tropical streamfunction are similar to corresponding results found in other studies. When the warm SSTA is placed in the warmest SST region in the western North Pacific away from the equator, the excited anomalous streamfunction is different from that in the equatorial SSTA cases. A strong anomalous low-level cyclone and high-level anticyclone are generated, and strong anomalous westerly-southwesterly flow at lower levels and northeasterly-easterly flow at upper levels sweep through the southeastern part of the region. Anomalous rainfall is shown to be balanced mainly by anomalous convergence of stationary water flux: transient flux and anomalous evaporation from the warm water surface are secondary. Advection of water vapor by the large-scale flow and its anomaly were found to be significant in determining the rainfall pattern. Anomalous precipitation occurs in regions where the mean flow is down the SSTA gradient, or the anomalous flow is down the mean SST gradient. Mainly due to advection of water vapor by the divergent wind component and its anomaly, abnormal rainfall near the equator is biased toward the hemisphere where near-equatorial SST is warmer. Advection of anomalous water vapor by strong low-level equatorial easterlies in the eastern equatorial Pacific causes anomalous rainfall associated with the warm SSTA in the region to shift westward. Away from the equator, advection of water vapor by the anomalous rotational wind becomes important. lt is this contributor that causes anomalous rainfall to shift away from the warmest SST region in the western North Pacific. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 49 IS 23 BP 2236 EP 2255 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1992)049<2236:APIRTE>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KB870 UT WOS:A1992KB87000005 ER PT J AU HOERLING, MP AF HOERLING, MP TI DIABATIC SOURCES OF POTENTIAL VORTICITY IN THE GENERAL-CIRCULATION SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HEMISPHERE WINTER; PLANETARY-WAVES; ISENTROPIC ANALYSIS; HEAT-SOURCES; BALANCES; SINKS; FLOW AB A form of the potential vorticity (PV) budget is proposed that facilitates analysis on the role of global heat sources and sinks in the general circulation. A local diabatic source of PV occurs due to vertical variations of heating. Additionally, since the irrotational mass circulation in isentropic coordinates is uniquely linked to diabatic heating, the associated horizontal advection of PV may be viewed as a diabatic source. The sum of these processes constitutes an effective "baroclinic wave source" due to diabatic processes, and is analogous to the effective barotropic Rossby wave source due to divergence as discussed by Sardeshmukh and Hoskins. Diagnostic results are presented for the upper-tropospheric PV balance at 350 K during northern winter. When the PV budget is diagnosed in its conventional form, the midlatitude flow appears insulated from the influence of tropical heating in the sense that diabatic sources and sinks are mainly due to vertical variations of extratropical heat sources and sinks. In the NH, these sources/sinks are balanced by the mean horizontal advection of PV by the total flow, which acts to transport PV from reservoirs of large values over eastern Asia and Canada to small values over the central North Pacific and western North Atlantic oceans. Analysis of the effective baroclinic wave source reveals that the midlatitude PV balance depends strongly on the distribution of tropical heating, a result that agrees more favorably with empirical and numerical studies on tropical-extratropical interactions. Sinks due to horizontal PV advection by the irrotational flow occur throughout the eastern hemisphere along 30-degrees latitude, and exceed the local sources associated with in situ diabatic cooling. The implied poleward transport of low PV air from the tropics occurs in the outflow branch of the regional Hadley circulation, revealing the large influence of the Australasian monsoon. RP UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, CAMPUS BOX 449, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 49 IS 23 BP 2282 EP 2292 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1992)049<2282:DSOPVI>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KB870 UT WOS:A1992KB87000008 ER PT J AU COLLINS, BL DAHIR, MS MADRZYKOWSKI, D AF COLLINS, BL DAHIR, MS MADRZYKOWSKI, D TI VISIBILITY OF EXIT SIGNS IN CLEAR AND SMOKY CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB An evaluation of the visibility of 12 different internally illuminated exit signs, including electroluminescent (EL) types, in both clear and smoky conditions is presented. Measurement of the luminance of these signs in darkness indicated very wide variations in luminance (from about 0.9 to 1350 cd/m2) as a function of sign type. The visibility of the signs in both clear conditions and smoke was assessed by 21 observers. Analysis of these data revealed that overall sign luminance was one of the primary determinants of visibility in smoke; uniformity was also an important contributor. The data suggested that some EL signs can be effective in clear conditions and in smoke, particularly if luminance is above about 10 cd/m2. Consideration of the results indicated that some different characteristics of the signs seemed to determine their visibility under clear and smoke conditions, with uniformity or sign configuration playing a larger role in clear conditions, and luminance being more critical in smoke. Finally, the data underscore the need for further research in which the effects of color, sign configuration, and luminance are varied parametrically. RP COLLINS, BL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ILLUMINAT ENG SOC NORTH AMER PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL ST, 17TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10005-4001 SN 0099-4480 J9 J ILLUM ENG SOC JI J. Illum. Eng. Soc. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 21 IS 1 BP 69 EP 84 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA KB890 UT WOS:A1992KB89000009 ER PT J AU HAWLEY, N LESHT, BM AF HAWLEY, N LESHT, BM TI SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION IN LAKE ST-CLAIR SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PARTICLE-SIZE; COMBINED WAVE; SHALLOW LAKE; WIND; TRANSPORT; EROSION; BOTTOM; STORMS AB Time-series measurements of water transparency, wave conditions, and current spee at several different sites in Lake St. Clair during five different 1-month periods in 1985 and 1986. Observed changes in suspended sediment concentration were modeled with a simple zero-dimensional, spatially averaged, mass balance model in which local bottom erosion was expressed as a linear function of the bottom shear stress. Estimates of the three parameters required by the model (particle settling velocity, resuspension concentration, and background suspended material concentration) are reasonably consistent for the various data sets, suggesting that the properties of the lake bottom do not change significantly through either space or time. The modeled settling velocities agree with the observed suspended particle size data and the erosion rates are comparable to laboratory results for freshwater sediments. The results show that a simple mass flux model can be used to model local sediment resuspension events in Lake St. Clair with reasonable accuracy. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM RES,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP HAWLEY, N (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 23 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1720 EP 1737 PG 18 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA KR737 UT WOS:A1992KR73700011 ER PT J AU DAVIS, MW OLLA, BL AF DAVIS, MW OLLA, BL TI COMPARISON OF GROWTH, BEHAVIOR AND LIPID CONCENTRATIONS OF WALLEYE POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA LARVAE FED LIPID-ENRICHED, LIPID-DEFICIENT AND FIELD-COLLECTED PREY SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; FREE AMINO-ACIDS; ANCHOVY ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; COD GADUS-MORHUA; DEVELOPING EGGS; BASS LARVAE; FISH LARVAE; FOOD; SURVIVAL; ZOOPLANKTON AB While growth and survival of marine fish larvae in the sea may be dependent on prey type, size and concentration, nutritional quality of prey may also play an important role. This study investigates the relationships of lipid content of prey with growth, gas bladder size, sinking rate, behavior and survival for larval walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Larvae fed lipid-deficient brine shrimp Artemia spp. nauplii had reduced growth, gas bladder size and survival. These larvae also had to swim almost continuously to maintain vertical position in the water column. In contrast, larvae fed wild-caught copepods or Artemia spp. enriched with lipid showed alternating swimming and resting bouts. The potential for vagaries in meteorological and oceanographic conditions to cause larval fish prey to be nutrient deficient is discussed. RP DAVIS, MW (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR, HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR, NEWPORT, OR 97365 USA. NR 47 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 90 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.3354/meps090023 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA KK401 UT WOS:A1992KK40100003 ER PT J AU MINELLO, TJ ZIMMERMAN, RJ AF MINELLO, TJ ZIMMERMAN, RJ TI UTILIZATION OF NATURAL AND TRANSPLANTED TEXAS SALT MARSHES BY FISH AND DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article ID SHRIMP PENAEUS-AZTECUS; JUVENILE BLUE CRABS; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; BROWN SHRIMP; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; NORTH-CAROLINA; GRASS SHRIMP; MICROHABITAT SELECTION; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS AB Habitat utilization by fish and decapod crustaceans was compared among 3 transplanted and 3 natural Spartina alterniflora marshes on the Texas (USA) coast during spring 1986. Created marshes had been transplanted on dredged material and were approximately 2 to 5 yr old at the time of sampling. Although conclusions are limited to the spring season, the use of replicate marshes allowed us to test the null hypothesis that transplanted marshes on the Texas coast were equivalent to natural marshes. Mean values for stem density and above-ground biomass of S. alterniflora were consistently higher in the transplanted marshes, and the difference was statistically significant for stem density. Macro-organic matter (MOM) in the upper 5 cm of sediment was significantly lower in the transplanted marshes. Densities of polychaetes and amphipods within transplanted marshes were positively correlated with this MOM. Transplanted marshes had significantly lower densities of decapod crustacea (primarily daggerblade grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio and juvenile brown shrimp Penaeus aztecus) compared with natural marshes. This reduced utilization may have been a response to low densities of benthic food organisms, and densities of decapods were positively correlated with densities of prey in sediment cores. In contrast to the utilization pattern of decapods, densities of fish (dominated by the darter goby Gobionellus boleosoma and pinfish Lagodon rhomboides) were similar between natural and transplanted marshes. These small fish may rely on salt marshes more for protective cover than for enhanced food resources, and above-ground structure in the transplanted marshes may have adequately provided this function. Comparisons of functional equivalency between natural and transplanted salt marshes require adequate information on how salt marshes actually function for fish and decapod crustaceans. For example, the use of prey density as an indicator of food value in a marsh can be misleading unless trophic pathways are well understood and access to the marsh surface is considered. RP MINELLO, TJ (reprint author), NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, SE FISHERIES CTR, GALVESTON LAB, 4700 AVE U, GALVESTON, TX 77550 USA. NR 91 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 90 IS 3 BP 273 EP 285 DI 10.3354/meps090273 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA KN492 UT WOS:A1992KN49200006 ER PT J AU PEARCE, JB AF PEARCE, JB TI MARINE VESSEL DEBRIS - A NORTH-AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material RP NOAA, NE FISHERIES SCI CTR, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 24 IS 12 BP 586 EP 592 DI 10.1016/0025-326X(92)90277-D PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KF555 UT WOS:A1992KF55500003 ER PT J AU LECKEMITCHELL, KM MULLIN, K AF LECKEMITCHELL, KM MULLIN, K TI DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF LARGE FLOATING PLASTIC IN THE NORTH-CENTRAL GULF OF MEXICO SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB Aerial surveys were conducted in the north-central Gulf of Mexico from June 1988 to May 1989. Sightings of marine debris and specifically large floating plastics were recorded during these surveys. Five study areas off the Louisiana coast were monitored and seasonal distribution and densities were estimated. Each study area contained plastic throughout the year. The estimated densities of plastic were largest in the offshore areas (4 & 5) and smallest in the inshore areas (1 & 3). Seasonally, density of plastic was smallest in the summer and largest in the fall. The reasons for the differences in seasons and study areas are not apparent but the amount of plastic in each area and season could be affected by variations in currents, winds, discharge from rivers, and human activity. RP NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, SE FISHERIES SCI CTR, PO DRAWER 1207, PASCAGOULA, MS 39568 USA. NR 8 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 24 IS 12 BP 598 EP 601 DI 10.1016/0025-326X(92)90279-F PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KF555 UT WOS:A1992KF55500005 ER PT J AU AUSTER, PJ AF AUSTER, PJ TI ROVS FOR SCIENCE - INTRODUCTION SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP AUSTER, PJ (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,NOAA,NATL UNDERSEA RES CTR,GROTON,CT, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA C/O I CLAYION MATTHEWS, 1828 L ST, NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 26 IS 4 BP 3 EP 4 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA KN190 UT WOS:A1992KN19000001 ER PT J AU MICHALOPOULOS, C AUSTER, PJ MALATESTA, RJ AF MICHALOPOULOS, C AUSTER, PJ MALATESTA, RJ TI A COMPARISON OF TRANSECT AND SPECIES-TIME COUNTS FOR ASSESSING FAUNAL ABUNDANCE FROM VIDEO SURVEYS SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FISHES AB Photographic censuses (i.e., film, video), conducted from underwater vehicles (e,g., manned submersibles, ROVs), use transect and quadrat methods to produce density estimates of organisms. These methods require a stable platform to avoid changes in altitude, pitch, and roll that result in variable and often unknown field-of-view of the images produced. Some video records are unusable for transect purposes due to unknown variations infield-of view along the length of the transect. Alternatively, species-time censuses have been used to produce estimates of relative abundance, generally of coral reef fishes, from visual data acquired by scuba divers. In this study, we demonstrate that video records with altitude, pitch, and roll problems that are not useful for density estimates can be enumerated using species-time techniques. We compared the strip transect method with two species-time census methods: rapid visual technique (RVT) and visual fast count (VFC). Comparisons were made using data from an actual series of video transects and a simulation. The simulation study was used to assess the Performance of the three census methods under conditions of variable field-of-view. The VFC method produced estimates of relative abundance that were not significantly different from strip transect estimates or true values of relative abundance. Results using the RVT method were significantly different from the strip transect and true values in most cases. Individual transects were treated as true replicates and not lumped to reduce variation. Relatively large sample sizes were needed to compare abundances of rare species. C1 SEA EDUC ASSOC,WOODS HOLE,MA. RP MICHALOPOULOS, C (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,NOAA,NATL UNDERSEA,GROTON,CT, USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA C/O I CLAYION MATTHEWS, 1828 L ST, NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 26 IS 4 BP 27 EP 31 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA KN190 UT WOS:A1992KN19000005 ER PT J AU SPRUNK, HJ AUSTER, PJ STEWART, LL LOVALVO, DA GOOD, DH AF SPRUNK, HJ AUSTER, PJ STEWART, LL LOVALVO, DA GOOD, DH TI MODIFICATIONS TO LOW-COST REMOTELY OPERATED VEHICLES FOR SCIENTIFIC SAMPLING SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Off-the-shelf low-cost remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) are designed for in situ observation but have minimal collection capabilities. Sediment, water, and plankton are the most common types of samples needed for scientific study. A series of modifications and sampling systems which take advantage of existing vehicle capabilities were developed for MiniRover MKI and MKII ROVs. An integral raised skid, mounting bar, and modified single function manipulator/grab package was constructed and serves as the mounting base for a majority of the samplers. Tube cores, plankton nets, and a water pump system are used for collecting samples. A modular sample receptacle serves as a tether downweight and provides a payload capability far greater than the ROV's. In addition, the downweight is capable of carrying sensor packages to collect oceanographic data during dives. A coded system of syntactic foam and lead is used to rapidly adjust trim when changing sampling hardware between dives. C1 EASTERN OCEAN,W REDDING,CT. RP SPRUNK, HJ (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,NOAA,NATL UNDERSEA RES CTR,GROTON,CT, USA. RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA C/O I CLAYION MATTHEWS, 1828 L ST, NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 26 IS 4 BP 54 EP 58 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA KN190 UT WOS:A1992KN19000009 ER PT J AU BABB, IG SCHEIFELE, P AF BABB, IG SCHEIFELE, P TI MARINE SCIENCE-EDUCATION USING LOW-COST ROV TECHNOLOGY - COMMENT SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material RP BABB, IG (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,NOAA,NATL UNDERSEA RES CTR,GROTON,CT, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA C/O I CLAYION MATTHEWS, 1828 L ST, NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 26 IS 4 BP 73 EP 78 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA KN190 UT WOS:A1992KN19000011 ER PT J AU SIEWERT, T AF SIEWERT, T TI THE INTERNATIONAL-INSTITUTE-OF-WELDING - REPORT ON 1992 ACTIONS SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article RP SIEWERT, T (reprint author), NIST,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 50 IS 12 BP 1389 EP & PG 0 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA KD472 UT WOS:A1992KD47200002 ER PT J AU JANOWSKI, GM BIANCANIELLO, FS RIDDER, SD AF JANOWSKI, GM BIANCANIELLO, FS RIDDER, SD TI BENEFICIAL-EFFECTS OF NITROGEN ATOMIZATION ON AN AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL SO METALLURGICAL TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SIZE AB Fully dense nitrogenated austenitic stainless steels were produced by gas atomization and HIP consolidation. The base alloy, 304L, contained about 0. 15 wt pct nitrogen when melted under a nitrogen atmosphere, and a modified version of 304L with 23 wt pct Cr contained 0.21 wt pct nitrogen. A series of experiments using various combinations of N2 and Ar as the melt chamber backfill gas and atomizing gas demonstrated that the nitrogen content of the powder was largely controlled by the backfill gas and that the fraction of hollow particles was determined by the atomization gas. The hollow powder particles, which are common in inert-gas atomized materials, were virtually eliminated in the nitrogen atomized powders. Additional atomizing experiments using copper and a nickel-base superalloy indicate that low gas solubility in the metal leads to gas entrapment. Hardness and compression behavior (yield strength and flow stress) are substantially improved with the addition of nitrogen. The results of this study suggest that the properties of nitrogenated stainless steels fabricated in this manner are comparable to other high nitrogen austenitic alloys. C1 NATL INST STAND & DIV TECHNOL,MSEL,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Janowski, Gregg/A-6354-2011 OI Janowski, Gregg/0000-0001-8384-4820 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0360-2133 J9 METALL TRANS A PD DEC PY 1992 VL 23 IS 12 BP 3263 EP 3272 DI 10.1007/BF02663435 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA KJ357 UT WOS:A1992KJ35700008 ER PT J AU KOSOVICHEV, AG CHRISTENSENDALSGAARD, J DAPPEN, W DZIEMBOWSKI, WA GOUGH, DO THOMPSON, MJ AF KOSOVICHEV, AG CHRISTENSENDALSGAARD, J DAPPEN, W DZIEMBOWSKI, WA GOUGH, DO THOMPSON, MJ TI SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY IN DIRECT SEISMOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS OF THE SOLAR HELIUM ABUNDANCE SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE SUN-ABUNDANCES; SUN-INTERIOR; SUN-OSCILLATIONS ID OSCILLATION FREQUENCIES; STELLAR ENVELOPES; STATE; EQUATION; MODELS; HELIOSEISMOLOGY; DIFFUSION; INTERIOR; OPACITY; CONVECTION AB The methods by which Dappen et al. and Dziembowski, Pamyatnykh & Sienkiewicz recently obtained discrepant estimates of the helium abundance in the solar convection zone are compared. The aim of the investigation reported in this paper is to identify the main source of the discrepancy. Using as proxy data eigenfrequencies of a set of modes of a theoretical solar model, computed with the same physics as were the frequencies of a reference model with which these data are compared, the two methods yield similar results. Thus we ascertain that the principal source of the discrepancy is not in the inversions themselves, which yield essentially a measure of the variation of the adiabatic exponent gamma of the material in the He II ionization zone. Instead it is in the approximations adopted in the treatment of heavy elements in the equation of state used to relate the variation of gamma to chemical composition. We obtain acceptably consistent results when inverting solar data by two methods using the same equation of state. We attempt to identify the likely residual sources of uncertainty. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE, INST ASTRON, CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HA, ENGLAND. CRIMEAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV, CRIMEA 334413, UKRAINE, USSR. STANFORD UNIV, CTR SPACE SCI & ASTROPHYS, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. AARHUS UNIV, INST FYS & ASTRON, DK-8000 AARHUS, DENMARK. UNIV SO CALIF, DEPT PHYS, LOS ANGELES, CA 90089 USA. UNIV SO CALIF, DEPT ASTRON, LOS ANGELES, CA 90089 USA. UNIV WIEN, INST ASTRON, A-1180 VIENNA, AUSTRIA. NICHOLAS COPERNICUS ASTRON CTR, WARSAW, POLAND. UNIV CAMBRIDGE, DEPT APPL MATH & THEORET PHYS, CAMBRIDGE CB3 9EW, ENGLAND. QUEEN MARY & WESTFIELD COLL, ASTRON UNIT, LONDON E1 4NS, ENGLAND. UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA, INST THEORET PHYS, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93106 USA. NR 84 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 259 IS 3 BP 536 EP 558 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA KA401 UT WOS:A1992KA40100017 ER PT J AU WOOD, VT BROWN, RA AF WOOD, VT BROWN, RA TI EFFECTS OF RADAR PROXIMITY ON SINGLE-DOPPLER VELOCITY SIGNATURES OF AXISYMMETRICAL ROTATION AND DIVERGENCE SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article AB Geometrical and mathematical relationships are developed to explain the variation with radar range of idealized single-Doppler velocity patterns of axisymmetric rotation and divergence regions. The velocity patterns become distorted as they approach a Doppler radar site. As a consequence, the apparent core diameters and locations of the centers of the features depart from the true values. Equations are derived to estimate the true values from the distorted Doppler velocity fields. RP WOOD, VT (reprint author), NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,ENVIRONM RES LABS,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 23 TC 30 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 120 IS 12 BP 2798 EP 2807 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<2798:EORPOS>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KD045 UT WOS:A1992KD04500006 ER PT J AU ARRITT, RW WILCZAK, JM YOUNG, GS AF ARRITT, RW WILCZAK, JM YOUNG, GS TI OBSERVATIONS AND NUMERICAL MODELING OF AN ELEVATED MIXED LAYER SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SEVERE-STORM ENVIRONMENT; BREEZES; FLOW AB Observations and a numerical model have been used to investigate the structure of an elevated mixed layer (EML) that formed in the lee of the Rocky Mountains over eastern Colorado. The EML formed as a dry convective boundary layer over the higher mountainous terrain of western Colorado, and then advected eastward, producing upper-level warming over the eastern plains. This upper-level warming generated a strong capping inversion at the top of a surface-based plains convective boundary layer that formed concurrently with the EML. A model trajectory analysis indicated that air from the plains boundary layer was detrained into the EML in a zone of convergence along the foothills of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. Specific physical processes responsible for meso-beta-scale EML development were examined using a two-dimensional version of the mesoscale numerical model. Blocking of the plateau-level winds by the plains breeze proved to be the primary constraint on advection of the EML and its underlying lid over the adjacent plains. Such blocking was minimized for large-scale conditions that prevented the plains mixed layer from growing to elevations significantly above the plateau surface. Both greater plateau height and increased plains surface moisture availability contribute to keeping the plains boundary layer below the plateau height, and thus favor generation of a meso-beta-scale EML and lid. C1 NOAA,ERL,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP ARRITT, RW (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LAWRENCE,KS 66045, USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 120 IS 12 BP 2869 EP 2880 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<2869:OANMOA>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KD045 UT WOS:A1992KD04500011 ER PT J AU STENSRUD, DJ BAO, JW AF STENSRUD, DJ BAO, JW TI BEHAVIORS OF VARIATIONAL AND NUDGING ASSIMILATION TECHNIQUES WITH A CHAOTIC LOW-ORDER MODEL SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID 4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; ADJOINT VORTICITY EQUATION; METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; NUMERICAL-MODEL; MESOSCALE-MODEL; MONSOON REGION; INITIALIZATION; PREDICTION; PRECIPITATION; CONSTRAINTS AB Variational and nudging data-assimilation schemes are examined within the framework of a model initialization problem using the Lorenz three-component model of Rayleigh-Benard convection. Since the intent of this study is to explore what factors influence the abilities of the two assimilation techniques to produce accurate initial conditions, identical twin experiments are conducted for various lengths of the data-assimilation window when the flow is both steady state and chaotic. These experiments illustrate that the location of the model solution in phase space is an important consideration when applying either data-assimilation scheme. Decision points, where the model ''chooses'' which stationary point to orbit, are found to affect the ability of the assimilation techniques to find an accurate initial condition. For chaotic flow, variational assimilation produces a better initial condition when the assimilation window is short, while nudging produces a better initial condition when the assimilation window is long. This is due to both the increasing complexity of the cost-function shape as the assimilation window is lengthened and the longer time period over which nudging can operate. When using a variational technique, extending the assimilation window past a certain length may be detrimental. Admittedly, it is uncertain to what extent these results can be generalized to more complicated models of the atmosphere, since we have examined only one particular model and variants of the assimilation methods used may lead to different results with the same model. Studies using mesoscale and small-scale models, however, show similar behaviors. These behaviors suggest that decision points are present in these more complicated models. Thus, chaotic low-order models that include decision points may be useful in exploring the characteristics of data-assimilation techniques. C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,COOPERAT INST MESOSCALE METEOROL STUDIES,NORMAN,OK 73019. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP STENSRUD, DJ (reprint author), NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,ENVIRONM RES LABS,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 47 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 120 IS 12 BP 3016 EP 3028 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<3016:BOVANA>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KD045 UT WOS:A1992KD04500022 ER PT J AU VERNBERG, FJ VERNBERG, WB BLOOD, E FORTNER, A FULTON, M MCKELLAR, H MICHENER, W SCOTT, G SIEWICKI, T ELFIGI, K AF VERNBERG, FJ VERNBERG, WB BLOOD, E FORTNER, A FULTON, M MCKELLAR, H MICHENER, W SCOTT, G SIEWICKI, T ELFIGI, K TI IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON HIGH-SALINITY ESTUARIES IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES SO NETHERLANDS JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26TH EUROPEAN MARINE BIOLOGY SYMP ON BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS DISTURBANCES ON ESTUARINE AND COASTAL MARINE ENVIRONMENTS CY SEP 17-21, 1991 CL MIDDELBURG, NETHERLANDS ID HYDROCARBONS AB To assess the impact of urbanization on small high-salinity estuaries, studies were initiated which had a broad temporal and spatial base. These studies utilize a geographic information system and a global positioning system technology, as well as new data collection and analytical techniques to characterize the relationship between land-use patterns, nutrient loading, water quality, chemical contaminants, bacteriology, toxicology, hydrodynamics, and primary and secondary production. Thirty monitoring stations at both an urbanized estuary (Murrells Inlet, South Carolina, U.S.A.) and a nearby, similarsized, relatively pristine estuary (North Inlet, SC) were established. Results indicate the following trends. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels in seawater and oyster tissue were higher in Murrells Inlet, and the specific PAHs found in higher concentrations in seawater are similar to the PAH composition in urban air. Copper concentrations were higher in Murrells Inlet with the highest concentrations found in oysters located near human habitation. Although total coliform levels in surface waters at both estuaries were not different, faecal coliform levels in Murrells Inlet were generally higher, particularly in oysters. Nitrate and phosphate concentrations were higher in water from Murrells Inlet but, in contrast, ammonium concentrations when significantly different were higher at North Inlet landward stations. The variability in dissolved oxygen was much greater in North Inlet and may be due to the greater marsh/creek drainage in North Inlet. Chlorophyll a values tended to be higher and more variable for North Inlet water samples but no significant differences were observed between the two estuaries during the peak of the growing season. Lower biomass was observed in Murrells Inlet when similar creeks from the two estuaries were sampled by seines. C1 UNIV S CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. NOAA,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,CHARLESTON LAB,CHARLESTON,SC 29412. RP VERNBERG, FJ (reprint author), UNIV S CAROLINA,BELLE W BARUCH INST MARINE BIOL & COASTAL RES,COLUMBIA,SC 29208, USA. NR 24 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 11 PU NETHERLANDS INST SEA RES PI TEXEL PA PO BOX 59 1790 AB DEN BURG, TEXEL, NETHERLANDS SN 0077-7579 J9 NETH J SEA RES JI Neth. J. Sea Res. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 30 BP 239 EP 248 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA KR431 UT WOS:A1992KR43100024 ER PT J AU Imbrie, J Boyle, EA Clemens, SC Duffy, A Howard, WR Kukla, G Kutzbach, J Martinson, DG McIntyre, A Mix, AC Molfino, B Morley, JJ Peterson, LC Pisias, NG Prell, WL Raymo, ME Shackleton, NJ Toggweiler, JR AF Imbrie, J. Boyle, E. A. Clemens, S. C. Duffy, A. Howard, W. R. Kukla, G. Kutzbach, J. Martinson, D. G. McIntyre, A. Mix, A. C. Molfino, B. Morley, J. J. Peterson, L. C. Pisias, N. G. Prell, W. L. Raymo, M. E. Shackleton, N. J. Toggweiler, J. R. TI ON THE STRUCTURE AND ORIGIN OF MAJOR GLACIATION CYCLES 1. LINEAR RESPONSES TO MILANKOVITCH FORCING SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB Time series of ocean properties provide a measure of global ice volume and monitor key features of the wind-driven and density-driven circulations over the past 400,000 years. Cycles with periods near 23,000, 41,000, and 100,000 years dominate this climatic narrative. When the narrative is examined in a geographic array of time series, the phase of each climatic oscillation is seen to progress through the system in essentially the same geographic sequence in all three cycles. We argue that the 23,000- and 41,000-year cycles of glaciation are continuous, linear responses to orbitally driven changes in the Arctic radiation budget; and we use the phase progression in each climatic cycle to identify the main pathways along which the initial, local responses to radiation are propagated by the atmosphere and ocean. Early in this progression, deep waters of the Southern Ocean appear to act as a carbon trap. To stimulate new observations and modeling efforts, we offer a process model that gives a synoptic view of climate at the four end-member states needed to describe the system's evolution, and we propose a dynamic system model that explains the phase progression along causal pathways by specifying inertial constants in a chain of four subsystems. Solutions to problems involving systems of such complexity are not born full grown like Athena from the head of Zeus. Rather they evolve slowly, in stages, each of which requires a pause to examine data at great lengths in order to guarantee a sure footing and to properly choose the next step. - Victor P. Starr C1 [Imbrie, J.; Clemens, S. C.; Duffy, A.; Prell, W. L.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Boyle, E. A.; Raymo, M. E.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Howard, W. R.; Kukla, G.; Martinson, D. G.; McIntyre, A.; Molfino, B.; Morley, J. J.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Kutzbach, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climate Res & Space Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mix, A. C.; Pisias, N. G.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Oceanog, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Peterson, L. C.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Shackleton, N. J.] Godwin Lab Quaternary Res, Cambridge CB2 3RS, England. [Toggweiler, J. R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Imbrie, J (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. FU National Science Foundation [ATM8812589, ATM8812640, ATM8812637, ATM8812639, ATM8902849, ATM8713227, OCE8710168, OCE8810949, ATM8703017, ATM8706394, ATM8516140]; NERC [GR3/606] FX We are grateful to many people who have given us ideas and provided constructive criticism of earlier drafts of this paper. These include K. Aagaard, M. L. Bender, W. S. Broecker, K. Bryan, W. B. Curry, J.-C. Duplessy, R. G. Fairbanks, J. Farrell, A. L. Gordon, I. M. Held, T. Hughes, E. Jansen, L. D. Labeyrie, S. J. Lehman, S. Manabe, M. S. McCartney, D. W. Oppo, C. Sancetta, T. Sowers, and T. F. Stocker. We thank E. Bard, A. J. Broccoli, E. Jansen, N. K. Karpuz, and L. D. Keigwin for providing unpublished information. Much of the work reported here has been supported by a National Science Foundation grant to the multi-institutional SPECMAP project. This support includes SPECMAP grants ATM8812589 to Brown University (Imbrie and Prell); ATM8812640 to Oregon State University (Mix and Pisias); ATM8812637 to the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Columbia University (Kukla, Martinson, Mcintyre); and ATM8812639 to the University of Wisconsin (Kutzbach). We also acknowledge NERC grant GR3/606 (Shackleton) and NSF support from the following grants: ATM8902849 and ATM8713227 to the University of Wisconsin (Kutzbach); OCE8810949 (Raymo) and ATM8703017 (Kukla) to LDGO; OCE8710168 to MIT (Boyle); ATM8706394 (Imbrie) and ATM8516140 (Imbrie and Shack] eton, Dec. 1985 to Dec. 1990) to Brown University. A continuation of ATM8516140 (Jan. 1991 to) supported the senior author's work on this project. The quotation from Victor P. Starr is from Peixoto and Oort [1992]. NR 156 TC 577 Z9 605 U1 23 U2 172 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD DEC PY 1992 VL 7 IS 6 BP 701 EP 738 DI 10.1029/92PA02253 PG 38 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA V23KI UT WOS:000208341300003 ER PT J AU Brock, JC McClain, CR Anderson, DM Prell, WL Hay, WW AF Brock, John C. McClain, Charles R. Anderson, David M. Prell, Warren L. Hay, William W. TI SOUTHWEST MONSOON CIRCULATION AND ENVIRONMENTS OF RECENT PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA IN THE NORTHWESTERN ARABIAN SEA SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB Digital hydrographic data combined with satellite thermal infrared and visible band remote sensing provide a synoptic climatological view of the shallow planktonic environment. This paper uses wind, hydrographic, and ocean remote sensing data to examine southwest monsoon controls on the foraminiferal faunal composition of Recent seafloor sediments of the northwestern Arabian Sea. Ekman pumping resulting in open-ocean upwelling and coastal upwelling create two distinctly different mixed layer plankton environments in the northwestern Arabian Sea during the summer monsoon. Open-sea upwelling to the northwest of the mean July position of the Findlater Jet axis yields a mixed layer environment with temperatures of less than 25 degrees C to about 26.5 degrees C, phytoplankton pigment concentrations between 1.5 and 5.0 mg/m3, and mixed layer depths less than 50 m. Convergence in the Ekman layer in the central Arabian Sea drives the formation of a mixed layer that is greater than 50 m thick, warmer than about 26.5 degrees C, and has phytoplankton pigment concentrations generally below 2.0 mg/m3. Coastal upwelling creates an extremely eutrophic plankton environment that persists over and immediately adjacent to the Omani shelf and undergoes significant offshore transport only within topographically induced coastal squirts. The foraminiferal faunal composition of upper Pleistocene deep-sea sediments of the northwestern Arabian Sea are mainly controlled by vertical nutrient fluxes caused by Ekman pumping, not coastal upwelling. Transfer functions for late Pleistocene mixed layer depth, temperature, and chlorophyll have been obtained through factor analysis and nonlinear multiple regression between late summer mixed layer environment and Recent sediment faunal observations. C1 [Brock, John C.; Hay, William W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McClain, Charles R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Oceans & Ice Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Anderson, David M.] NOAA, Paleoclimatol Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Prell, Warren L.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Brock, JC (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Div Biol Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. FU NASA; NASA RTOPS [161-30-02, 161-30-21, 161-80-51]; American Chemical Society FX This research was conducted within the Oceans and Ice Branch at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. J. Brock gratefully acknowledges support from the NASA Graduate Researcher Assistantship Program. Funding for C. McClain was provided by NASA RTOPS 161-30-02, 161-30-21, and 161-80-51. We acknowledge the support of the donors of the Petroleum Research Fund administered by the American Chemical Society. The authors thank J. Ryan, and J. Firestone, E. Yeh and M. Darzi of General Sciences Corporation for assistance in processing the satellite, wind, and hydrographic data sets. The FSU wind fields were provided by D. Legler and J. O'Brien. The authors also wish to express their gratitude to the reviewers, L. Sautter, R. Kroon, and W. Curry, whose constructive criticism significantly improved the manuscript. NR 43 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD DEC PY 1992 VL 7 IS 6 BP 799 EP 813 DI 10.1029/92PA01267 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA V23KI UT WOS:000208341300007 ER PT J AU BOHANDY, J KIM, BF MOORJANI, K ADRIAN, FJ KAISER, DL SWARTZENDRUBER, LJ GAYLE, FW BENNETT, LH AF BOHANDY, J KIM, BF MOORJANI, K ADRIAN, FJ KAISER, DL SWARTZENDRUBER, LJ GAYLE, FW BENNETT, LH TI TWIN BOUNDARIES, IMPURITIES, AND ANISOTROPY IN YBA2CU3O7-DELTA SINGLE-CRYSTALS SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MICROWAVE; YBA2CU3O6+X; RESISTANCE; GROWTH; FIELD AB The role of twin boundaries and impurities in the superconducting properties of twinned and detwinned single crystals of YBa2Cu3O7-delta is studied via magnetically modulated microwave absorption (MAMMA) and SQUID magnetometry. Twin boundaries do not affect the T(c) (91.5 K) or the width of the superconducting transition of high quality gold-doped samples. In contrast, a twinned crystal containing additional impurities exhibits a lower T(c) (88 K), a larger transition width, and a secondary transition (T(c)=86 K) due most likely to the segregation of impurities at the twin boundaries. A 10-15% anisotropy in the value of dT(c)/dH is observed in the a-b plane of the detwinned crystal. C1 NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP BOHANDY, J (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,MILTON S EISENHOWER RES CTR,APPL PHYS LAB,LAUREL,MD 20723, USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 203 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 143 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(92)90519-I PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA KB315 UT WOS:A1992KB31500019 ER PT J AU WINELAND, DJ BOLLINGER, JJ ITANO, WM MOORE, FL HEINZEN, DJ AF WINELAND, DJ BOLLINGER, JJ ITANO, WM MOORE, FL HEINZEN, DJ TI SPIN SQUEEZING AND REDUCED QUANTUM NOISE IN SPECTROSCOPY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Note ID COHERENT STATES; LIMIT; INTERFEROMETER; FLUCTUATIONS; SENSITIVITY; GENERATION; MODULATION; OPTICS; LIGHT; SU(2) AB We investigate the quantum-mechanical noise in spectroscopic experiments on ensembles of N two-level (or spin-1/2) systems where transitions are detected by measuring changes in state population. By preparing correlated states, here called squeezed spin states, we can increase the signal-to-nose ratio in spectroscopy (by approximately N1/2 in certain cases) over that found in experiments using uncorrelated states. Possible experimental demonstrations of this enhancement are discussed. C1 UNIV TEXAS, DEPT PHYS, AUSTIN, TX 78712 USA. RP WINELAND, DJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV TIME & FREQUENCY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 35 TC 448 Z9 451 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 11 BP R6797 EP R6800 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA KB946 UT WOS:A1992KB94600007 ER PT J AU KEIMER, B BELK, N BIRGENEAU, RJ CASSANHO, A CHEN, CY GREVEN, M KASTNER, MA AHARONY, A ENDOH, Y ERWIN, RW SHIRANE, G AF KEIMER, B BELK, N BIRGENEAU, RJ CASSANHO, A CHEN, CY GREVEN, M KASTNER, MA AHARONY, A ENDOH, Y ERWIN, RW SHIRANE, G TI MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS IN PURE, LIGHTLY DOPED, AND WEAKLY METALLIC LA2CUO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; FERMI-LIQUID THEORY; HIGH-TC OXIDES; LARGE-N LIMIT; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; NORMAL-STATE; SPIN FLUCTUATIONS; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; CUO2 PLANE; DYNAMICS AB We report a comprehensive neutron-scattering study of the evolution of the magnetic excitations in La2-xSrxCuO4 for 0 less-than-or-equal-to x less-than-or-equal-to 0.04. We first present accurate measurements of the magnetic correlation length and the sublattice magnetization of a carrier-free La2CuO4 crystal and analyze these in the context of recent theoretical predictions. We then systematically investigate the influence of different dopants on the magnetism: Our measurements indicate that static vacancies in the La2Cu1-yZnyO4 system affect the magnetic correlations in a similar manner as electrons in Pr2-xCexCuO4. The magnetic correlation length is much more rapidly suppressed as a function of x in La2-xSrxCuO4, and for x less-than-or-equal-to 0.04 we find that it obeys the empirical relation xi-1(x,T)=xi-1(x,0)+xi-1(0,T), where xi(0,T) is the measured correlation length of the carrier-free sample. We also report an extensive set of measurements of the dynamical magnetic response function of a crystal of composition La1.96Sr0.04CuO4 for excitation energies 0.75 less-than-or-equal-to omega less-than-or-equal-to 45 meV and temperatures 1.5 less-than-or-equal-to T less-than-or-equal-to 500 K. The dc conductivity of this crystal exhibits three different regimes: metallic for T greater-than-or-equal-to 100 K, weakly localized for 100 greater-than-or-equal-to T greater-than-or-equal-to 10 K, and strongly localized below approximately 1 K. Our neutron measurements show that the generalized susceptibility of this sample follows a surprisingly simple scaling function in the variable omega/T. This observation allows us to relate our data to a variety of normal-state properties of the layered copper oxides, in particular the dc and ac conductivities. Finally, at temperatures below approximately 20 K a "central peak" with a characteristic energy scale of less than 0.1 meV becomes prominent. Its relation to the localization of the charge carriers at low temperatures remains speculative. C1 TEL AVIV UNIV,SCH PHYS & ASTRON,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. TOHOKU UNIV,DEPT PHYS,SENDAI,MIYAGI 980,JAPAN. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. RP KEIMER, B (reprint author), MIT,CTR BIOBEHAV SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. NR 67 TC 517 Z9 519 U1 11 U2 47 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 21 BP 14034 EP 14053 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.46.14034 PG 20 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA KB634 UT WOS:A1992KB63400051 ER PT J AU BERLINER, R SMITH, HG COPLEY, JRD TRIVISONNO, J AF BERLINER, R SMITH, HG COPLEY, JRD TRIVISONNO, J TI STRUCTURES OF SODIUM METAL SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MARTENSITIC PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; PACKED POLYTYPIC CRYSTALS; SINGLE STACKING-FAULTS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LOW-TEMPERATURES; LITHIUM METAL; X-RAYS; DIFFRACTION; TRANSITION; BCC AB The martensitic transformation in sodium metal has been studied using neutron-diffraction and neutron-inelastic-scattering techniques. In two separate experiments the transformation was observed on cooling near 32 K. Measurements of the diffuse scattering, diffraction linewidths, quasielastic scattering, and the temperature dependence of the SIGMA4[hh0] phonon energies above the transformation show no evidence of transformation precursors. The sodium martensite appears as 24 rhombohedral variants, four about each bcc (110), with reflections from their basal planes at (1.0 1 8, 0.92, +/-0.06), (0.92, 1.018, +/-0.06), and equivalent points. The layer stacking order of the variants is fixed by their relationship to the host bcc material. The crystallography of the low-temperature phase is shown to be a complex mixture of stacking-fault-affected rhombohedral polytypes of a particular "almost-hexagonal" structure. These form a ladder of structures connected, one to another, by stacking faults. As the martensite is warmed and before the complete reversion to a bcc structure, the relative fraction of the different martensite phases changes. Near 55 K, the longest-period polytypes are the most stable. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP BERLINER, R (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 39 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 22 BP 14436 EP 14447 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.46.14436 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA KB635 UT WOS:A1992KB63500010 ER PT J AU BOSTED, PE LUNG, A ANDIVAHIS, L STUART, LM ALSTER, J ARNOLD, RG CHANG, CC DIETRICH, FS DODGE, W GEARHART, R GOMEZ, J GRIFFIOEN, KA HICKS, RS HYDEWRIGHT, CE KEPPEL, C KUHN, SE LICHTENSTADT, J MISKIMEN, RA PETERSON, GA PETRATOS, GG ROCK, SE ROKNI, S SAKUMOTO, WK SPENGOS, M SWARTZ, K SZALATA, Z TAO, LH AF BOSTED, PE LUNG, A ANDIVAHIS, L STUART, LM ALSTER, J ARNOLD, RG CHANG, CC DIETRICH, FS DODGE, W GEARHART, R GOMEZ, J GRIFFIOEN, KA HICKS, RS HYDEWRIGHT, CE KEPPEL, C KUHN, SE LICHTENSTADT, J MISKIMEN, RA PETERSON, GA PETRATOS, GG ROCK, SE ROKNI, S SAKUMOTO, WK SPENGOS, M SWARTZ, K SZALATA, Z TAO, LH TI MEASUREMENTS OF NU-W2 AND R=SIGMA-L/SIGMA-T FROM INELASTIC ELECTRON-ALUMINUM SCATTERING NEAR X=1 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; NUCLEON; DYNAMICS; ENERGIES; NEUTRON AB Cross sections for inclusive electron scattering from aluminum have been measured at both forward and backward angles in the kinematic region near x = 1 and 1.75 < Q2 < 7 (GeV/c)2. The forward-angle data are in good agreement with a recent calculation. Both the data and the calculation show scaling behavior for F2(xi,Q2) = nuW2(xi,Q2) at high Q2 for fixed values of the Nachtmann variable xi. The ratio R = sigma(L)/sigma(T) has been extracted for 1.75 < Q2 < 5 (GeV/c)2 and is found to decrease with Q2 to a value consistent with zero at the highest Q2. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, AMHERST, MA 01003 USA. NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. UNIV PENN, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. UNIV ROCHESTER, ROCHESTER, NY 14627 USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, COLL PK, MD 20742 USA. STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR, STANFORD, CA 94309 USA. TEL AVIV UNIV, IL-69978 TEL AVIV, ISRAEL. RP AMERICAN UNIV, WASHINGTON, DC 20016 USA. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 1992 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2505 EP 2515 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.46.2505 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA KE698 UT WOS:A1992KE69800045 ER PT J AU BOUWER, SD AF BOUWER, SD TI PERIODICITIES OF SOLAR IRRADIANCE AND SOLAR-ACTIVITY INDEXES .2. SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-EMISSION; FLUX VARIATIONS; UV FLUX; G-MODES; FLARES; VARIABILITY; LUMINOSITY; CYCLE-21; SUN; EUV AB Abstract. Using a dynamic power spectral analysis technique, the time-varying nature of solar periodicities is investigated for background X-ray flux, 10.7 cm flux, several indices to UV chromospheric flux, total solar irradiance, projected sunspot areas, and a sunspot blocking function. Many prior studies by a most of authors have differed over a wide range on solar periodicities. This investigation was designed to help resolve the differences by examining how periodicities change over time, and how the power spectra of solar data depend on the layer of the solar atmosphere. Using contour diagrams that show the percent of total power over time for periods ranging from 8 to 400 days, the transitory nature of solar periodicities is demonstrated, including periods at 12-14, 26-28, 51-52, and approximately 154 days. Results indicate that indices related to strong magnetic fields show the greatest variation in the number of periodicities, seldom persist for more than three solar rotations, and are highly variable in their frequency and amplitude. Periodicities found in the chromospheric indices are fewer, persist for up to 8-12 solar rotations, and are more stable in their frequency and amplitude. An additional result, found in all indices to varying degrees and related to the combined effects of solar rotation and active region evolution, is the fashion in which periodicities vary from about 20 to 36 days. I conclude that the solar data examined here are both quasi-periodic and quasi-stationary, with chromospheric indices showing the longest intervals of stationarity, and data representing strong magnetic fields showing the least stationarity. These results may have important implications to the results of linear statistical analysis techniques that assume stationarity, and in the interpretation of time series studies of solar variability. RP BOUWER, SD (reprint author), NOAA,SYST TECHNOL ASSOCIATES INC,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 48 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 142 IS 2 BP 365 EP 389 DI 10.1007/BF00151460 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA KB271 UT WOS:A1992KB27100010 ER PT J AU CHEN, JG FISCHER, DA HARDENBERGH, JH HALL, RB AF CHEN, JG FISCHER, DA HARDENBERGH, JH HALL, RB TI A FLUORESCENCE-YIELD NEAR-EDGE SPECTROSCOPY (FYNES) INVESTIGATION OF THE REACTION-KINETICS OF NIO/NI(100) WITH HYDROGEN SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; C(2X2) OXYGEN OVERLAYER; CHALCOGEN OVERLAYERS; INITIAL OXIDATION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; ION-SCATTERING; FINE-STRUCTURE; NI(100); SURFACE; CHEMISORPTION AB The method of fluorescence-yield near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (FYNES) has been applied to investigate the thermal stability of NiO films on a Ni(100) substrate and the reaction kinetics of this surface with hydrogen gas. The FYNES results indicate that the total oxygen content near the surface region remains constant after heating a NiO/Ni(100) layer above a phase separation temperature of 525 K, indicating that there is no significant thermally induced diffusion of oxygen into the bulk Ni(100) lattice. These results support conclusions from previous EELS and XPS experiments that the NiO/Ni(100) layer prepared at 300 K undergoes a thermally induced phase separation to produce a surface with mixtures of roughly 50 angstrom NiO(100) crystalline clusters and c(2 x 2)-O chemisorbed phases. The FYNES investigation of the reaction kinetics of NiO/Ni(100) with H-2 in the temperature range of 600-800 K indicates that the oxygen removal rate from NiO clusters is roughly zero order with respect to the initial oxygen content, and that the subsurface oxygen is removed completely. In addition, the removal rate of oxygen is found to be approximately first order with respect to H-2 pressure. The reaction of NiO/Ni(100) with H-2 has a rather weak temperature dependence, as characterized by an activation energy of 1.8 kcal/mol with a pre-exponential factor of 9.4 x 10(13) molecules cm-2 s-1. These observations indicate that the rate-determining step for the removal of oxygen is most likely the initial H-H bond breaking, and that the removal of oxygen does not occur preferentially at the edges of NiO islands. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP CHEN, JG (reprint author), EXXON RES & ENGN CO,CORP RES LABS,ANNANDALE,NJ 08801, USA. NR 39 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 279 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.1016/0039-6028(92)90738-R PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA KA768 UT WOS:A1992KA76800010 ER PT J AU LEVIN, BC AF LEVIN, BC TI THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW SMALL-SCALE SMOKE TOXICITY TEST METHOD AND ITS COMPARISON WITH REAL-SCALE FIRE TESTS SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF TOXICOLOGY : TOXICOLOGY FROM DISCOVERY AND EXPERIMENTATION TO THE HUMAN PERSPECTIVE CY JUN 28-JUL 03, 1992 CL ROME, ITALY DE SMOKE TOXICITY TESTS; REAL-SCALE FIRE TESTS; N-GAS MODEL; FIRE HAZARD; POSTFLASHOVER; RADIANT HEAT AB A comprehensive methodology has been developed for obtaining and using smoke toxicity data for fire hazard analysis. This bench-wee method can simulate diverse fire conditions and identify extremely toxic smoke under both pre- and post-flashover conditions. However, incidence data show that most of the fire deaths in the U.S. occur outside the room of fire origin from smoke and toxic gases that are generated from a fire under post-flashover conditions. Therefore, the most relevant real-scale combustion conditions to simulate in the bench-scale apparatus would be the post-flashover conditions which are achieved by using radiant heat, a high heat flux, and correcting the bench-scale carbon monoxide (CO) results to agree with CO yields observed in real-scale post-flashover fires. The number of test animals (Fischer 344 male rats) is minimized by using the N-Gas Model to estimate the LC50 value from the chemical analysis of the smoke. The current N-Gas Model predicts the toxicity of complex fire gas mixtures based on a large data base of experimental results of individual and mixed gases that include CO, CO2, reduced 02, HCN, HCI, HBr, and NOx. The prediction is checked with a small number of animal tests and an approximate LC50 value is determined. The bench-scale results have been validated with full-scale room wall burns of a limited number of materials of widely differing characteristics chosen to challenge the system. The toxic potency values are assessed to determine if the smoke from a material or product is unusually or extremely toxic and can then be used in computations of fire hazard. RP LEVIN, BC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,612 SMALLWOOD RD,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 64-5 SI SI BP 257 EP 264 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(92)90197-R PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA KE526 UT WOS:A1992KE52600032 PM 1335176 ER PT J AU TANOVIC, N TANOVIC, L FINE, J AF TANOVIC, N TANOVIC, L FINE, J TI SOME EXPERIMENTAL FACTS ABOUT TEMPERATURE-INDUCED SURFACE-DIFFUSION OF AG DURING AUGER SPUTTER DEPTH PROFILING OF MULTILAYERED NI/AG THIN-FILMS SO VACUUM LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-ENHANCED DIFFUSION; SEGREGATION; SILVER AB Thermally-induced surface diffusion studies described here were carried out on the two outer Ni layers of a Ni/Ag/Ni/Ag/ ... multilayered thin film structure. The thickness of the Ni layers was 50 nm and the Ag film was approximately 4 nm thick. The 4 keV argon ions were used for sputter profiling and two 5 keV electron beams (80 nA) were used to excite the Auger emission. Measurements were made of the surface diffusion kinetics by monitoring the time dependence of the total Ag Auger intensity at approximately the middle of the first and the second outer Ni layers. One possible mechanism responsible for such pronounced Ag enhancement at elevated temperatures at the Ni layers is the thermally activated process of Ag surface diffusion. C1 UNIV SARAJEVO,FAC ELECT ENGN,YU-71000 SARAJEVO,YUGOSLAVIA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP TANOVIC, N (reprint author), UNIV SARAJEVO,FAC SCI,DEPT PHYS,YU-71000 SARAJEVO,YUGOSLAVIA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0042-207X J9 VACUUM JI Vacuum PD DEC PY 1992 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1177 EP 1180 DI 10.1016/0042-207X(92)90018-R PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA JY590 UT WOS:A1992JY59000002 ER PT J AU OSTBY, FP AF OSTBY, FP TI OPERATIONS OF THE NATIONAL SEVERE STORMS FORECAST CENTER SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB The National Severe Storms Forecast Center in Kansas City, Missouri, is composed of several operational forecasting units, all national in scope. It includes the Severe Local Storms Unit (SELS), the National Aviation Weather Advisory Unit (NAWAU), and a Techniques Development Unit (TDU). Within SELS there is a synoptic interpretation message (SIM) section and a mesoscale discussion (MD) section. The SELS Unit has been in Kansas City since 1954 and is responsible for providing a wide array of products related to severe weather: convective outlooks, public weather statements, mesoscale discussions, status reports, and tornado and severe thunderstorm watches for the 48 conterminous states. SELS is also responsible for preparing a national weather summary. NAWAU provides alerts, nationally, of hazardous weather, known as AIRMETs and SIGMETs, and convective SIGMETs to aviation interests. NAWAU also issues aviation area forecasts. The SIM section prepares a diagnostic interpretative message that incorporates satellite and other information and relates them to model trends. The MD section supports the SELS program by providing short-range updates on developing mesoscale systems. The Techniques Development Unit has been responsible for working hand in hand with SELS to reap the benefits of applying interactive computer-processing technology, progressively giving the forecaster more effective means to provide improved services. Illustrating these improvements is the fact that severe weather watches have significantly increased in accuracy, especially in handling violent death-dealing tornado situations. An illustrative example of SELS products is shown for the severe weather outbreak of 15-17 June 1992. The example shows how skillfully this episode, producing 172 tornadoes and 462 other reported severe weather events, was forecast. Emphasis is made of the need for consistent and well-coordinated watches and other advisories when dealing with widespread, rapidly moving, severe weather-producing systems. RP OSTBY, FP (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NATL SEVERE STORMS FORECAST CTR,ROOM 1728 FED BLDG,601 E 12TH ST,KANSAS CITY,MO 64106, USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 7 IS 4 BP 546 EP 563 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1992)007<0546:OOTNSS>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KR083 UT WOS:A1992KR08300001 ER PT J AU JOHNS, RH DOSWELL, CA AF JOHNS, RH DOSWELL, CA TI SEVERE LOCAL STORMS FORECASTING SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB Knowledge of severe local storms has been increasing rapidly in recent years as a result of both observational studies and numerical modeling experiments. This paper reviews that knowledge as it relates to development of new applications for forecasting of severe local storms. Many of these new applications are based on physical understanding of processes taking place on the storm scale and thus allow forecasters to become less dependent on empirical relationships. Refinements in pattern recognition and severe weather climatology continue to be of value to the operational severe local storms forecasters, however. Current methodology for forecasting severe local storms at the National Severe Storms Forecast Center is described. Operational uses of new forecast applications, new ''real-time'' data sources (such as wind profilers and Doppler radars), and improved numerical model products are discussed. RP JOHNS, RH (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NATL SEVERE STORMS FORECAST CTR,ROOM 1728,FED OFF BLDG,601 E 12TH,KANSAS CITY,MO 64106, USA. RI Doswell III, Charles/E-7662-2010 NR 0 TC 257 Z9 293 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 7 IS 4 BP 588 EP 612 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1992)007<0588:SLSF>2.0.CO;2 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KR083 UT WOS:A1992KR08300003 ER PT J AU DUKE, JW ROGASH, JA AF DUKE, JW ROGASH, JA TI MULTISCALE REVIEW OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND EARLY EVOLUTION OF THE 9 APRIL 1991 DERECHO SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB A case study was conducted of the development and early evolution of a severe squall line that occurred 9 April 1991. The squall line formed near the border between Arkansas and Tennessee, then raced toward the northeast during the next 14 hours. Damaging winds were widespread with the squall line; thus, the 9 April 1991 event fits the definition of a derecho. Radar observations of the evolving squall line show signatures often correlated with damaging surface winds, including a bow echo, strong reflectivity gradients, and weak echo channels. Synoptic conditions under which the 9 April 1991 event occurred were significantly different in many respects from those associated with warm-season derechos. Differences include absence of important low-altitude signatures and more vigorous weather systems. There were similarities to the warm-season pattern, however, including moderately strong winds aloft, a very unstable thermodynamic profile, and cool dry air at midlevels. The similarities suggest refinements of the derecho model. RP DUKE, JW (reprint author), NOAA,NWSFO,7777 WALNUT GROVE RD OM1,MEMPHIS,TN 38120, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 7 IS 4 BP 623 EP 635 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1992)007<0623:MROTDA>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KR083 UT WOS:A1992KR08300005 ER PT J AU BARNSTON, AG AF BARNSTON, AG TI CORRESPONDENCE AMONG THE CORRELATION, RMSE, AND HEIDKE FORECAST VERIFICATION MEASURES - REFINEMENT OF THE HEIDKE SCORE SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Note AB The correspondence among the following three forecast verification scores, based on forecasts and their associated observations, is described: 1) the correlation score, 2) the root-mean-square error (RMSE) score, and 3) the Heidke score (based on categorical matches between forecasts and observations). These relationships are provided to facilitate comparisons among studies of forecast skill that use these differing measures. The Heidke score would be more informative, more ''honest,'' and easier to interpret at face value if the severity of categorical errors (i.e., one-class errors versus two-class errors, etc.) were included in the scoring formula. Without taking categorical error severity into account the meaning of Heidke scores depends heavily on the categorical definitions (particularly the number of categories), making intercomparison between Heidke and correlation (or RMSE) scores, or even among Heidke scores, quite difficult. When categorical error severity is taken into account in the Heidke score, its correspondence with other verification measures more closely approximates that of more sophisticated scoring systems such as the experimental LEPS score. RP BARNSTON, AG (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NMC,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,5200 AUTH RD,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746, USA. NR 0 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 7 IS 4 BP 699 EP 709 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1992)007<0699:CATCRA>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KR083 UT WOS:A1992KR08300010 ER PT J AU LEDBETTER, H KIM, S ROSHKO, A AF LEDBETTER, H KIM, S ROSHKO, A TI CORRELATION BETWEEN T(C) AND ELASTIC-CONSTANTS OF (LA-M)2CUO4 SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID VALENCES AB By an ultrasonic method, we measured the elastic constants of polycrystalline La1.85M0.15CuO4 with M=Ca, Ba, Sr. These materials show zero-resistance normal-superconductive transition temperatures of 19, 28, and 36 K. Versus T(c), all the elastic stiffnesses bulk modulus, Young modulus, shear modulus - increase. Derived from the elastic constants and average atomic volume, the Debye temperature increases linearly with T(c). In conventional BCS superconductors, T(c) decreases with increasing THETA(D). RP LEDBETTER, H (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-3277 J9 Z PHYS B CON MAT JI Z. Phys. B-Condens. Mat. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 89 IS 3 BP 275 EP 277 DI 10.1007/BF01318156 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JX909 UT WOS:A1992JX90900004 ER PT J AU WEBER, LA AF WEBER, LA TI EBULLIOMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF THE VAPOR-PRESSURES OF R123 AND R141B SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS; BOILING POINT; 1,1-DICHLORO-1-FLUOROETHANE; 1,1-DICHLORO-2,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE; EBULLIOMETRY; R123; R141B; VAPOR PRESSURE ID 1,1-DICHLORO-2,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE AB We have used the technique of comparative ebulliometry to measure the vapor pressures of several alternative refrigerants. A description is given of a simple apparatus that was built for this purpose, and results are reported for the vapor pressures of R123 and R141b. Data cover the range 270 K to 312 K at pressures from 25 to 129 kPa. The results are compared with published data. RP WEBER, LA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 10 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD NOV 30 PY 1992 VL 80 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.1016/0378-3812(92)87062-R PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA KC397 UT WOS:A1992KC39700013 ER PT J AU DEFIBAUGH, DR MORRISON, G AF DEFIBAUGH, DR MORRISON, G TI COMPRESSED LIQUID DENSITIES AND SATURATION DENSITIES OF PENTAFLUOROETHANE (R125) SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE CORRELATION; EQUATION OF STATE; EXTRAPOLATION; ISOTHERMS; LIQUID DENSITY; REFRIGERANT; SATURATION DENSITIES AB A vibrating tube densimeter was used to measure the density of pentafluoroethane, R125. Measurements were made between 275 and 369 K, and 1600 and 6300 kPa. Densities ranged between 0.2584 and 1.3484 g cm-3 with an accuracy of +/-0.05% except in the near-critical region. A 32 parameter modified Benedict-Webb-Rubin equation of state (MBWR) was fit to the data. RP DEFIBAUGH, DR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 6 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD NOV 30 PY 1992 VL 80 BP 157 EP 166 DI 10.1016/0378-3812(92)87064-T PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA KC397 UT WOS:A1992KC39700015 ER PT J AU HUBER, ML ELY, JF AF HUBER, ML ELY, JF TI PREDICTION OF VISCOSITY OF REFRIGERANTS AND REFRIGERANT MIXTURES SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE CORRESPONDING STATES MODEL; PREDICTION; REFRIGERANTS; R134A; VISCOSITY ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; FLUIDS AB We have developed a predictive corresponding states model for the viscosity of pure refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures. The model uses extended corresponding states with R134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) as the reference fluid. The model uses equilibrium shape factors and an equivalent substance reducing ratio (ESRR) for the viscosity which involves the molecular mass. The "mass" ESRR is found using viscosity data along the saturation boundary. We have fit these mass ESRR's to a general form involving reduced temperature and a structural factor. In addition, we have determined a set of universal coefficients for the mass ESRR that can be used to predict the viscosity of any halocarbon refrigerant given the critical parameters and the structural parameter. We give sample results comparing the model predictions with experimental data for pure fluids and a refrigerant mixture. C1 COLORADO SCH MINES,DEPT CHEM ENGN & PETR REFINING,GOLDEN,CO 80401. RP HUBER, ML (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,83801,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 25 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD NOV 30 PY 1992 VL 80 BP 239 EP 248 DI 10.1016/0378-3812(92)87071-T PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA KC397 UT WOS:A1992KC39700022 ER PT J AU HUBER, ML FRIEND, DG ELY, JF AF HUBER, ML FRIEND, DG ELY, JF TI PREDICTION OF THE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY OF REFRIGERANTS AND REFRIGERANT MIXTURES SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE CORRESPONDING STATES MODEL; PREDICTION; REFRIGERANTS; R134A; THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY ID CRITICAL REGION; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; FLUIDS; VISCOSITY AB We use an extended corresponding states model to predict the thermal conductivity of pure halocarbon refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures. The model uses R134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) as the reference fluid, and we present a correlation, including critical enhancement, for the thermal conductivity of R134a. We give sample results comparing the model predictions with experimental data for pure halocarbon refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures; typically, the uncertainty of the predictions is 5-10 percent. C1 COLORADO SCH MINES,DEPT CHEM ENGN & PETR REFINING,GOLDEN,CO 80401. RP HUBER, ML (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,83802,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 44 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD NOV 30 PY 1992 VL 80 BP 249 EP 261 DI 10.1016/0378-3812(92)87072-U PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA KC397 UT WOS:A1992KC39700023 ER PT J AU LAESECKE, A PERKINS, RA DECASTRO, CAN AF LAESECKE, A PERKINS, RA DECASTRO, CAN TI THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY OF R134A SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE LIQUID; R134A; SUPERCRITICAL FLUID; 1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE; THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSIENT HOT WIRE INSTRUMENT; VAPOR ID STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; MODEL-CALCULATIONS; CRITICAL REGION; FLUIDS; REPLACEMENTS; APPARATUS; CFCS AB Thermal conductivity measurements are reported for the alternative refrigerant 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a). These measurements were made over the temperature range from 200 to 390 K at pressures to 70 MPa. Data are reported for the liquid, vapor, and supercritical fluid phases. A significant critical enhancement is observed for R134a. A thermal conductivity surface, which fits our data to +/-3.8% at 95% confidence, is provided for R134a. Correlations are also provided for the saturated vapor and saturated liquid thermal conductivity of R134a. Comparisons are made with other available thermal conductivity data for the dilute gas, saturated vapor, and saturated liquid. C1 UNIV LISBON,FAC CIENCIAS,DEPT QUIM,P-1700 LISBON,PORTUGAL. RP LAESECKE, A (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,83802,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Nieto de Castro, Carlos/B-7377-2011; OI Nieto de Castro, Carlos/0000-0001-9011-5132; Perkins, Richard/0000-0002-8526-6742 NR 16 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD NOV 30 PY 1992 VL 80 BP 263 EP 274 DI 10.1016/0378-3812(92)87073-V PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA KC397 UT WOS:A1992KC39700024 ER PT J AU PERKINS, RA LAESECKE, A DECASTRO, CAN AF PERKINS, RA LAESECKE, A DECASTRO, CAN TI POLARIZED TRANSIENT HOT-WIRE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE 1-CHLORO-1,1-DIFLUOROETHANE; POLAR LIQUID; R134A; R142B; 1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE; THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSIENT HOT WIRE INSTRUMENT ID PRESSURES; APPARATUS; FLUIDS AB Additional experimental uncertainty is introduced in thermal conductivity data obtained with the transient hot-wire technique when bare hot wires are used in polar liquids. The use of a dc polarization voltage applied between the hot wires and the cell wall greatly reduces this uncertainty for polar liquids. Differences between polarized and nonpolarized experiments are described for the alternative refrigerants 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) and 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (R142b). Comparisons are made between data from the polarized transient hot-wire technique and other experimental techniques for R142b. The polarization technique enables existing transient hot-wire instruments with bare wires to study the thermal conductivity of moderately polar liquids with confidence. C1 UNIV LISBON,FAC CIENCIAS,DEPT QUIM,P-1700 LISBON,PORTUGAL. RP PERKINS, RA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,83802,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Nieto de Castro, Carlos/B-7377-2011; OI Nieto de Castro, Carlos/0000-0001-9011-5132; Perkins, Richard/0000-0002-8526-6742 NR 11 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD NOV 30 PY 1992 VL 80 BP 275 EP 286 DI 10.1016/0378-3812(92)87074-W PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA KC397 UT WOS:A1992KC39700025 ER PT J AU GALCHEN, T XU, M EBERHARD, WL AF GALCHEN, T XU, M EBERHARD, WL TI ESTIMATIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER FLUXES AND OTHER TURBULENCE PARAMETERS FROM DOPPLER LIDAR DATA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WAVES AB Techniques for extraction of boundary layer parameters from measurements of a short pulse (almost-equal-to 0.4 mus) CO2 Doppler lidar (lambda = 10.6 mum) are described. The lidar is operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Wave Propagation Laboratory (WPL). The measurements are those collected during the First International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Field Experiment (FIFE). The recorded radial velocity measurements have a range resolution of 150 m. With a pulse repetition rate of 20 Hz it is possible to perform scannings in two perpendicular vertical planes (x-z and y-z) in approximately 72 s. By continuously operating the lidar for about an hour, one can extract stable statistics of the radial velocities. Assuming that the turbulence is horizontally homogeneous, we have estimated the mean wind, its standard deviations, and the momentum fluxes. We have estimated the first, second, and, third moments of the vertical velocity from the vertically pointing beam. Spectral analysis of he radial velocities is also performed, from which (by examining the amplitude of the power spectrum at the inertial range) we have deduced the kinetic energy dissipation. Finally, using the statistical form of the Navier-Stokes equations, the surface heat flux is derived as the residual balance between the vertical gradient of the third moment of the vertical velocity and the kinetic energy dissipation With the exception of the vertically pointing beam an individual radial velocity estimate is accurate only to +/-0.7 m s-1. Combining many measurements would normally reduce the error, provided that it is unbiased and uncorrelated. The nature of some of the algorithms, however, is such that biased and correlated errors may be generated even though the "raw" measurements are not. We have developed data processing procedures that eliminate bias and minimize error correlation. Once bias and error correlations are accounted for, the large sample size is shown to reduce the errors substantially. We show, for instance, that a single momentum flux estimate has an accuracy of +/-2 m2 s-2, but when combined with other measurements, the error can be reduced to +/-0.10 m2 s-2. The principal features of the derived turbulence statistics for two case studies (July 11, 1987, 1611-1710 UTC and 1729-1810 UTC) are as follows: The mean surface wind is from the south and has a speed of approximately 15 m s-1. There is a southerly jet 1 km above the surface. The wind in the direction normal to the surface wind becomes more westerly with height. The derived momentum fluxes in the mixed layer agree with the unfiltered airplane measurements. They are of the order of approximately 0.5 m2 s-2 near the surface and are retarding the southerly wind. At the stable layer, the momentum fluxes are countergradient; they remain negative even though the southerlies are diminishing with height and are concentrated in thin layers. By spectrally analyzing the vertical beam, we have identified the Brunt-Vaisala frequency as the dominated frequency in the stable layer. The available evidence suggests that the large countergradient fluxes are caused by a critical layer singularity. Under these conditions, gravity wave flux divergence may be large. Current general circulation models (GCMs) generally do not parameterize countergradient momentum transport. If the phenomenon is prevalent, our study suggests that inclusion of such an effect may be important. The wind spectrum near the surface has a -5/3 power law at the inertial range. The heat flux estimate is 100 +/- 20 W m-2, in apparent agreement with an average estimate of the surface stations but systematically larger than the filtered airplane data. C1 NOAA,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP GALCHEN, T (reprint author), UNIV OKLAHOMA,SCH METEOROL,NORMAN,OK 73019, USA. RI Eberhard, Wynn/B-5402-2015 NR 20 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 30 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D17 BP 18409 EP 18423 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KC520 UT WOS:A1992KC52000006 ER PT J AU PECK, EL CARROLL, TR LIPINSKI, DM AF PECK, EL CARROLL, TR LIPINSKI, DM TI AIRBORNE SOIL-MOISTURE MEASUREMENTS FOR 1ST INTERNATIONAL SATELLITE LAND SURFACE CLIMATOLOGY PROGRAM FIELD EXPERIMENT SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB The airborne gamma radiation system of the National Weather Service (NWS) was used to measure soil moisture over a research area near Manhattan, Kansas, in 1987 and in 1989. The research was in support of the First International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Field Experiment (FIFE) by the National Aeronautics Space Administration. Twenty-four flight lines were established in the FIFE research area. A large number of ground soil moisture measurements were collected for calibration of the flight lines. The NWS standard operational method to obtain soil moisture estimates for flight lines that average 16 km in length, using three airborne measurements of gamma radiation fluxes, was adapted for use with the shorter FIFE flight lines. Examples of temporal and spatial variations of soil moisture for the FIFE research area are presented. C1 NATL WEATHER SERV,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. RP PECK, EL (reprint author), HYDEX CORP,VIENNA,VA, USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 30 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D17 BP 18961 EP 18967 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KC520 UT WOS:A1992KC52000053 ER PT J AU FRIEND, DG ELY, JF AF FRIEND, DG ELY, JF TI THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF THE METHANE-ETHANE SYSTEM SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE DENSITY; ETHANE; EXTENDED CORRESPONDING STATES; FLUID; HEAT CAPACITY; METHANE; MIXTURE; PHASE EQUILIBRIA; SOUND SPEED ID THERMO-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES; VAPOR CRITICAL LINE; T MEASUREMENTS; ISOCHORIC P; 35 MPA; MIXTURES; CONDUCTIVITY; PRESSURES; SURFACE; 330-K AB Our recently completed wide-ranging correlations for the thermophysical properties of methane and ethane fluids have enabled us to improve the extended corresponding states calculations for the properties of the binary mixtures. The pure fluid equations are based on the analytic Schmidt-Wagner equation of state and give improved results in the general region of the critical point. We use these pure fluid equations (and a reference fluid for which an equivalent equation is known) to calculate properties and compare with experimental PVT data, isochoric heat capacities, and sound speeds of binary mixtures of methane and ethane. We also examine the properties at the vapor-liquid boundary and compare the representation from the classical extended corresponding states calculations with quantities derived from a scaling theory model. The shape of the binary mixture phase boundary is improved with- this model, however our new representation of the single phase properties provides only a slight improvement over models based on modified Benedict-Webb-Rubin pure fluid equations of state. RP FRIEND, DG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO, USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD NOV 25 PY 1992 VL 79 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1016/0378-3812(92)85121-N PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA KC395 UT WOS:A1992KC39500007 ER PT J AU RUHL, JC EVANS, DH NETA, P AF RUHL, JC EVANS, DH NETA, P TI ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF SOME ALPHA-SUBSTITUTED NITROALKANES SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HOMOGENEOUS REDOX CATALYSIS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; NITROPARAFFIN SALTS; CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY; DINITRO COMPOUNDS; COMPETITION; CARBANIONS; ACCEPTORS; CLEAVAGE; HALIDES AB The reductions of 2,2-dinitropropane (1A), 1,1-dinitrocyclopentane (1B), 1-nitrocyclohexyl p-tolyl sulfone (1C), 1-cyano-1-nitrocyclohexane (1D) and ethyl 2-nitroisobutyrate (1E) were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, controlled potential electrolysis, redox catalysis and pulse radiolysis. Compounds 1A and 1B were found to follow the same reaction scheme established in an earlier study of 1,1-dinitrocyclohexane. In the first stage, the dinitro compounds are reduced in an ECE-DISP1 scheme giving the corresponding nitronate and nitrite. The nitronate then reacts with starting material in a radical chain reaction to give more nitrite and a dimer that is a vic-dinitro compound. A key step in the ECE-DISP1 reaction is cleavage of nitrite from the radical anions of 1A and 1B, a reaction that was significantly faster than found for the 1,1-dinitrocyclohexane studied earlier. By contrast, the reduction of the sulfone 1C results in cleavage of a C-S bond at the anion radical stage with ejection of p-toluene-sulfinate, a reaction that is much slower than the reactions of the dinitro anion radicals as confirmed by both cyclic voltammetry and pulse radiolysis. The vic-dinitro dimer is formed upon reduction of 1C but electrolysis of 1C gives the olefin product of vic-dinitro dimer reduction plus additional nitrite. Pulse radiolysis reveals a very rapid decomposition of the radical anion of the cyano derivative 1D. The reaction could not be characterized by redox catalysis, partly because the cyanoalkyl radical abstracts hydrogen atoms efficiently from the medium. Studies of the nitro ester 1E by redox catalysis yielded a rate constant for decomposition of its anion radical (mainly cleavage of nitrite) of 1 x 10(6) s-1. As with the cyano derivative, substantial amounts of hydrogen atom abstraction occurred. C1 UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,NEWARK,DE 19716. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-0728 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD NOV 24 PY 1992 VL 340 IS 1-2 BP 257 EP 272 DI 10.1016/0022-0728(92)80302-K PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA JZ190 UT WOS:A1992JZ19000018 ER PT J AU ZIMMERLI, G KAUTZ, RL MARTINIS, JM AF ZIMMERLI, G KAUTZ, RL MARTINIS, JM TI VOLTAGE GAIN IN THE SINGLE-ELECTRON TRANSISTOR SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SMALL TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS AB We report the first observation of voltage gain in the capacitively coupled single-electron transistor (SET). Using parallel-plate and interdigital geometries for the gate capacitor (C(g) = 1.2 and 0.4 fF) and ultrasmall tunnel junctions with capacitances near 0.2 fF, we find maximum voltage gains of 2.8 and 1.5, respectively, The leakage resistance of the gate is of the order 10(12) OMEGA for the parallel-plate capacitor and greater than 10(18) OMEGA for the interdigital capacitor. RP ZIMMERLI, G (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 13 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 23 PY 1992 VL 61 IS 21 BP 2616 EP 2618 DI 10.1063/1.108117 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA JZ025 UT WOS:A1992JZ02500041 ER PT J AU MAYES, AM RUSSELL, TP SATIJA, SK MAJKRZAK, CF AF MAYES, AM RUSSELL, TP SATIJA, SK MAJKRZAK, CF TI HOMOPOLYMER DISTRIBUTIONS IN ORDERED BLOCK COPOLYMERS SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLYSTYRENE-POLYISOPRENE; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; MORPHOLOGY AB Mixtures of polystyrene (PS) or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) homopolymers with symmetric P(S-b-MMA) diblock copolymers were investigated by neutron reflectivity. In a thin-film geometry, these mixtures form alternating lamellar microdomains oriented parallel to the substrate surface. By adding perdeuterated homopolymer to unlabeled copolymer, the spatial distribution of the homopolymer was characterized quantitatively. When the molecular weight of the homopolymer is comparable to the block molecular weight, the homopolymer is confined to the corresponding copolymer domain, with a distribution which peaks at the center of the domain. The results are shown to be in excellent agreement with mean-field predictions. With decreasing molecular weight, the homopolymer is more uniformly distributed within the domain. When the molecular weight of the homopolymer is much larger than the block molecular weight, the homopolymer is excluded from the lamellar microdomains, but does not interfere with the preferred lamellar orientation and is incorporated into the multilayered morphology. C1 IBM CORP,DIV RES,ALMADEN RES CTR,650 HARRY RD,SAN JOSE,CA 95120. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 24 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 23 PY 1992 VL 25 IS 24 BP 6523 EP 6531 DI 10.1021/ma00050a022 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA JZ615 UT WOS:A1992JZ61500022 ER PT J AU STRAGIER, H CROSS, JO REHR, JJ SORENSEN, LB BOULDIN, CE WOICIK, JC AF STRAGIER, H CROSS, JO REHR, JJ SORENSEN, LB BOULDIN, CE WOICIK, JC TI DIFFRACTION ANOMALOUS FINE-STRUCTURE - A NEW X-RAY STRUCTURAL TECHNIQUE SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING AB A new x-ray structural technique, diffraction anomalous fine structure (DAFS), which combines the long-range order sensitivity of diffraction techniques with the short-range order sensitivity of absorption techniques, is described. We demonstrate that synchrotron DAFS measurements for the Cu(111) and Cu(222) Bragg reflections provide the same local atomic structural information as x-ray absorption fine structure and describe how DAFS can be used to provide enhanced site and spatial sensitivities for polyatomic and/or spatially modulated structures. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP STRAGIER, H (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT PHYS,FM-15,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 13 TC 168 Z9 170 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 23 PY 1992 VL 69 IS 21 BP 3064 EP 3067 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.3064 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA JY879 UT WOS:A1992JY87900017 ER PT J AU LI, ZY BEGELMAN, MC AF LI, ZY BEGELMAN, MC TI FORMATION OF THE DARK BAYS IN THE CRAB OPTICAL SYNCHROTRON NEBULA - IS THE CRAB PULSAR WIND BUBBLE INTERACTING WITH ITS PROGENITOR WIND SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, BUBBLES; ISM, INDIVIDUAL OBJECTS, CRAB NEBULA; MHD; PULSARS, INDIVIDUAL (CRAB NEBULA); RADIATION MECHANISMS, CYCLOTRON AND SYNCHROTRON ID SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; POLARIZATION AB We present models for the formation of the two dark bays in the Crab optical synchrotron nebula, from which the optical synchrotron-emitting particles seem to be excluded. This investigation is motivated by the recent proper motion observations of the bays reported by Fesen, Martin, & Shull. We propose that the bays are formed by the advance of the Crab pulsar's wind bubble into an ambient medium possessing a stratified density distribution with higher density in the plane of the bays than in other directions. The ambient density and degree of stratification required to produce the bays depends on whether the medium consists of general interstellar medium, a progenitor stellar wind, or fast-moving supernova ejecta. In the case of interstellar medium, the bays would be expected to move apart much more slowly than observed, and the required density would have to be implausibly high, given that the Crab Nebula is located approximately 200 pc below the Galactic plane. For fast-moving ejecta, the required densities inside the bays are well beyond the upper limits set by the lack of optical line emission from the bays, and the required density stratification is very large. We conclude that the pulsar wind bubble is probably interacting with the slow wind from its progenitor, and we show that bays formed in this way agree with the observations reasonably well. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP LI, ZY (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 1992 VL 400 IS 1 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.1086/171985 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA JX147 UT WOS:A1992JX14700018 ER PT J AU HOFMANN, DJ OLTMANS, SJ AF HOFMANN, DJ OLTMANS, SJ TI THE EFFECT OF STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR ON THE HETEROGENEOUS REACTION-RATE OF CLONO2 AND H2O FOR SULFURIC-ACID AEROSOL SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EL-CHICHON; ERUPTION AB Although it is well known that temperature affects the heterogeneous reaction probability (gamma) of ClONO2 and H2O on sulfuric acid aerosol surfaces by determining the amount of water which will co-condense with H2SO4 vapor, the effect of the ambient water vapor concentration, which also affects the aerosol composition, has not been investigated in detail. A nearly constant stratospheric water vapor mixing ratio dictates that the water vapor partial pressure vary proportional to atmospheric pressure and thus increase rapidly in the lower stratosphere. In addition, the water vapor mixing ratio increases dramatically in the lower stratosphere following tropospheric-stratospheric exchange. The increase in water vapor partial pressure results in a large increase in gamma and may be a factor contributing to ozone destruction in the lower stratosphere. Comparison of the lifetime of ClONO2 to heterogeneous reactions with that expected from gas phase photochemistry is used to estimate the relative importance of these processes and indicates that winter and spring polar regions are the most likely to be affected. RP HOFMANN, DJ (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,R-E-CG,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 11 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 20 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 22 BP 2211 EP 2214 DI 10.1029/92GL02493 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KA015 UT WOS:A1992KA01500007 ER PT J AU MCADOO, DC MARKS, KM AF MCADOO, DC MARKS, KM TI RESOLVING MARINE GRAVITY WITH ERS-1 SATELLITE ALTIMETRY SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB To estimate how well ERS-1 data from the 35-day repeat mission can resolve fine structure in the marine geoid or gravity field, we compare along-track gravity and gridded gravity fields derived from ERS-1 fast delivery altimeter data to those computed from Geosat Geodetic Mission altimeter observations in the Southern Ocean. We find that single passes of ERS-1 data can resolve along-track gravity anomalies with wavelengths as short as 28-30 km (i.e., comparable to Geosat). However, the ERS-1 gridded gravity field can only resolve anomalies as short as 66 km (versus approximately 18 km for Geosat). This two-dimensional resolution is limited by the larger ground track spacing (approximately 35 km at 60-degrees S) of ERS-1. To resolve fine structure in the marine gravity field it is essential to have altimeter data along more closely-spaced ground tracks, such as those planned for the ERS-1 176-day repeat mission in 1994. RP MCADOO, DC (reprint author), NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,GEOSCI LAB,N-OES12,11400 ROCKVILLE PIKE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. RI Marks, Karen/F-5610-2010; McAdoo, Dave/F-5612-2010 OI Marks, Karen/0000-0001-6524-1495; McAdoo, Dave/0000-0002-7533-5564 NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 20 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 22 BP 2271 EP 2274 DI 10.1029/92GL02436 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KA015 UT WOS:A1992KA01500022 ER PT J AU FIORE, JV GRODY, NC AF FIORE, JV GRODY, NC TI CLASSIFICATION OF SNOW COVER AND PRECIPITATION USING SSM/I MEASUREMENTS - CASE-STUDIES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE AB A satellite-based method for global classification of precipitation and snow cover in the microwave portion of the electromagnetic spectrum has been developed using three channels of data from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I). A decision tree algorithm is developed for the global classification of snow cover and precipitation over large geographical regions. Potential problem areas like desert regions are also identified in the decision-tree process. Over 40 case studies of SSM/I data over small geographical regions (i.e., the Gulf Coast of the United States, African desert, etc.) were analysed to develop and test these algorithms. Case studies involving Manually Digitized Radar (MDR) data, NOAA weekly snow cover charts and surface weather charts were used to validate the algorithm. C1 NOAA,NESDIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. RP FIORE, JV (reprint author), SM SYST & RES CORP,8401 CORP DR,SUITE 510,LANDOVER,MD 20785, USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD NOV 20 PY 1992 VL 13 IS 17 BP 3349 EP 3361 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA KA564 UT WOS:A1992KA56400009 ER PT J AU LIN, X CHAMEIDES, WL KIANG, CS STELSON, AW BERRESHEIM, H AF LIN, X CHAMEIDES, WL KIANG, CS STELSON, AW BERRESHEIM, H TI A MODEL STUDY OF THE FORMATION OF CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI IN REMOTE MARINE AREAS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC-OCEAN; ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; CHEMISTRY; AIR AB A theoretical study is presented of the mechanisms by which freshly nucleated sulfuric acid particles can be grown to the size of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in remote marine areas. Three mechanisms are considered: (1) growth by the scavenging and subsequent aqueous phase oxidation of atmospheric SO2, (2) growth by coagulation, and (3) growth by scavenging of atmospheric sulfuric acid. While model calculations indicate that the first two mechanisms are too slow to represent a significant source of CCN in the remote marine atmosphere, scavenging of sulfuric acid can be an effective mechanism for transforming tiny sulfuric acid particles into CCN provided the concentration of preexisting CCN is less than some critical concentration. For conditions typical of the marine boundary layer with ambient SO2 Concentrations of about 30 parts per trillion by volume (pptv), we estimate this critical concentration to be quite low (that is, about I cm-3). However, under conditions with enhanced SO2 the value of this critical concentration also increases and is estimated to reach a level of about 10 CM-3 when SO2 is equal to 100 pptv. Our calculations suggest that coupling between dimethyl sulfide (DMS) emissions and CCN production in the marine boundary layer can only exist when the existing CCN concentrations at a specific locale fall below this critical concentration. C1 GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30332. RP LIN, X (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Berresheim, Harald/F-9670-2011 NR 66 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D16 BP 18161 EP 18171 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JZ602 UT WOS:A1992JZ60200011 ER PT J AU GAFFEN, DJ ROBOCK, A ELLIOTT, WP AF GAFFEN, DJ ROBOCK, A ELLIOTT, WP TI ANNUAL CYCLES OF TROPOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HUMIDITY; CLIMATE; MODELS AB To understand better the annual cycles of atmospheric humidity, radiosonde data were used to create climatologies of temperature, dew point, relative humidity, and precipitable water in the lower troposphere for 56 locations around the world for the period 1973-1990. On the basis of the annual ranges of relative humidity at the surface and at the 850, 700, and 500 mbar levels and the ratio of the annual maximum to minimum surface to 500-mbar precipitable water, we have defined five humidity regimes: (1) middle- and high-latitude continental, (2) middle- and high-latitude oceanic, (3) mid-latitude monsoon, (4) tropical oceanic, and (5) tropical monsoon. For each regime we describe the annual cycles of temperature and humidity variables and discuss phase relationships among them. Relative humidity ranges are small in the first two regimes, where precipitable water and temperature vary in phase. Relative humidity ranges in the other three regimes are moderate to large, and in the tropics the annual march of horizontal moisture advection and vertical convection, not temperature, controls seasonal humidity variations. These results suggest that the assumption of constant relative humidity made in some climate models is not always justified and that precipitable water is not a strong function of temperature in the tropics. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT METEOROL,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP GAFFEN, DJ (reprint author), NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,1325 EAST WEST HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. OI Robock, Alan/0000-0002-6319-5656 NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D16 BP 18185 EP 18193 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JZ602 UT WOS:A1992JZ60200013 ER PT J AU PELLEGRINO, J QADRI, SB AMIRTHARAJ, PM NGUYEN, NV COMAS, J AF PELLEGRINO, J QADRI, SB AMIRTHARAJ, PM NGUYEN, NV COMAS, J TI INTERFACE SHARPNESS IN LOW-ORDER III-V SUPERLATTICES SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON METALLURGICAL COATINGS AND THIN FILMS CY APR 06-10, 1992 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP AMER VACUUM SOC, DIV VACUUM MET & THIN FILM ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MBE; OSCILLATIONS; GAAS AB Superlattices composed of aluminum, gallium and indium are currently employed in a variety of device-related applications. Among these are edge-emitting GRINSCH lasers and vertical cavity surface emitting laser diodes. As the individual layer thickness is reduced, the role of interface sharpness becomes more critical in ensuring good two-dimensional growth. This work addresses the relationship between interface roughness and superlattice crystallinity for short-period AlAs/GaAs superlattices. Thin short-period superlattices with active layer thicknesses of 30 nm or less were also investigated to help determine the interface sharpness in the initial stages of growth. X-ray diffraction was used to assess interface roughness and to calculate superlattice periodicity. These results are compared with those obtained by reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), Raman spectroscopy, and spectroscopic ellipsometry. The results indicate that interface roughness is promoted by a reduced arsenic flux growth condition at normal growth temperatures for short-period superlattices. The results also suggest that, for thin superlattices, a 10 nm buffer layer enhances interface roughness in the initial stages of growth and compromises the subsequent epilayer crystallinity. An analysis of these results in the light of structural, dynamical, and optical data is presented. C1 USN,RES LAB,DIV CONDENSED MATTER,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP PELLEGRINO, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD NOV 20 PY 1992 VL 220 IS 1-2 BP 176 EP 183 DI 10.1016/0040-6090(92)90569-W PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA KA735 UT WOS:A1992KA73500031 ER PT J AU MAHLMAN, JD AF MAHLMAN, JD TI GLOBAL CHANGE - A LOOMING ARCTIC OZONE HOLE SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material RP MAHLMAN, JD (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 19 PY 1992 VL 360 IS 6401 BP 209 EP 210 DI 10.1038/360209a0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JY960 UT WOS:A1992JY96000023 ER PT J AU WIKFORS, GH FERRIS, GE SMITH, BC AF WIKFORS, GH FERRIS, GE SMITH, BC TI THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GROSS BIOCHEMICAL-COMPOSITION OF CULTURED ALGAL FOODS AND GROWTH OF THE HARD CLAM, MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA (L) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID OSTREA-EDULIS L; OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ARTIFICIAL DIETS; SPAT; GMELIN AB Under controlled laboratory conditions, young, post-set hard clams, Mercenaria mercenaria (L.), were reared for at least 12 weeks on 19 axenically-cultured unialgal diets; unfed controls were included. Daily algal rations were adjusted to have equivalent packed cell volumes but varied considerably in cell number (inversely related to cell size), dry weight, protein, lipid, and carbohydrate. Growth rates of hard clams fed experimental diets were calculated from weekly live-weight determinations; large differences in clam growth were observed. Of all algal ration characteristics measured, protein and lipid were the only two to show significant correlations (Spearman rank procedure, P < 0.05) with clam growth rate. A multiple linear regression model relating dietary protein, lipid, and carbohydrate with clam growth rate was highly significant (P < 0.0001), and explained 69% of the differences in clam growth on the 19 algal diets. Three algal species were cultured in different media to alter gross biochemical composition; results of feeding these algal strains confirmed that both dietary protein and lipid must be present in sufficient quantities to support rapid growth of hard clams. These findings have direct application to experimental and commercial clam rearing, and also further our understanding of the role of nutrition in population biology of clams in the field. RP WIKFORS, GH (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,212 ROGERS AVE,MILFORD,CT 06460, USA. NR 40 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD NOV 15 PY 1992 VL 108 IS 1-2 BP 135 EP 154 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(92)90324-E PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JY202 UT WOS:A1992JY20200011 ER PT J AU OLTHOFF, JK VANBRUNT, RJ RADOVANOV, SB AF OLTHOFF, JK VANBRUNT, RJ RADOVANOV, SB TI ION KINETIC-ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS IN ARGON RF GLOW-DISCHARGES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY-DEPENDENCE; PLANAR SYSTEM; BOMBARDMENT; SURFACE; ELECTRODE; PLASMAS; AR AB Kinetic-energy distributions have been measured for different mass-selected ions sampled from 13.56 MHz rf glow discharges in argon inside a "GEC rf reference cell." The electrode geometry of this cell produces in asymmetric discharge and the cell is operated in a pressure regime where ion-molecule collisions in the sheath region of the discharge are significant. Ions are sampled from the side of the plasma perpendicular to the interelectrode axis using an electrostatic energy analyzer coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Kinetic-energy distributions for Ar+, Ar2+, Ar++, and ArH+ are presented as functions of applied rf voltage, gas pressure, and distance of the mass spectrometer entrance aperture from the edge of the electrodes. The distributions obtained for the sampling orifice placed close enough to the electrodes to allow formation of a sheath in front of the orifice exhibit features similar to those observed previously when sampling ions through the grounded electrode of a parallel-plate reactor. The Ar+ and Ar++ distributions exhibit secondary maxima predicted to result from the formation of low-energy (thermal) ions in the sheath region, such as by charge-exchange and high-energy electron collisions. Kinetic-energy distributions for Ar2+ and ArH+ exhibit no secondary maxima and are peaked at high energies indicative of the sheath potential, and consistent with a formation mechanism involving relatively low-energy collisions in the bulk plasma (glow region). C1 INST PHYS,YU-11000 BELGRADE,YUGOSLAVIA. RP OLTHOFF, JK (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,TECH ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECT,ELECTR & ELECT ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 32 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1992 VL 72 IS 10 BP 4566 EP 4574 DI 10.1063/1.352110 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA JX766 UT WOS:A1992JX76600009 ER PT J AU CLEMENT, SG ASHFOLD, MNR WESTERN, CM JOHNSON, RD HUDGENS, JW AF CLEMENT, SG ASHFOLD, MNR WESTERN, CM JOHNSON, RD HUDGENS, JW TI TRIPLET RYDBERG STATES OF THE IMIDOGEN RADICAL CHARACTERIZED VIA 2-PHOTON RESONANCE-ENHANCED MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; DIPOLE-MOMENT FUNCTIONS; NH; ND; PERTURBATION; TRANSITION; SPECTRUM; X2-PI; 3-PI AB Five new triplet excited states of the ND radical (three in the case of NH) in the wave-number range 85 000-91 000 cm-1 have been identified through analysis of the two-photon resonance enhancements they provide to the wavelength-resolved multiphoton ionization spectrum of X3SIGMA- state NH(ND) radicals. The lowest energy of these, the B3PI state, is found to be a "regular" Rydberg state which, on the basis of its observed quantum defect and its deduced rotational and spin-orbit coupling constant, is surmised to be the 3PI state derived from a 3psigma electron built on the 2PI ground-state ion core. Perturbations are evident in the B3Pi-X3SIGMA- origin bands of both NH and ND. In the case of ND the perturbing state provides its own resonance enhancements, the analysis of which enables its definitive identification as the C3SIGMA- state. The very small spin-orbit splitting found for the D3PI state is taken to indicate that (at least in the Franck-Condon region) its wave function is dominated by the configuration involving one 3ppi Rydberg electron and a 4SIGMA- ion core. To still higher wave number we identify two more 3SIGMA- excited states, the upper of which (the F3SIGMA- state) has a very small rotational constant which we take to imply that it has substantial valence character. Further indications that the F3SIGMA- (and C3SIGMA-) states possess significant valence character is provided by the observation that both parent and daughter (N+) ions contribute to the overall ion yield when the multiphoton ionization proceeds via these two states. Daughter-ion formation is considered to occur via an overall four-photon excitation process in which the coherent two-photon excitation to the 3SIGMA- state of interest is followed by a one-photon excitation to a "superexcited" state of the neutral. This is then presumed to absorb a further photon to yield the observed N+ ions and/or to predissociate, yielding highly excited N* atoms which then undergo a direct one-photon ionization. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP CLEMENT, SG (reprint author), UNIV BRISTOL,SCH CHEM,BRISTOL BS8 1TS,AVON,ENGLAND. OI Western, Colin/0000-0002-8336-1690; ashfold, michael/0000-0001-5762-7048 NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS 10 BP 7064 EP 7072 DI 10.1063/1.463532 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA JY567 UT WOS:A1992JY56700003 ER PT J AU RIPPLE, D BERG, RF AF RIPPLE, D BERG, RF TI FLOW OF MICROEMULSIONS THROUGH MICROSCOPIC PORES SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DENSE MICROEMULSIONS; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR; PERCOLATION; VISCOSITY AB The flow of the microemulsion dioctylsulfosuccinate (AOT)/decane/water through 0.1 and 1.0 mum diameter pores was studied for water droplet volume fractions ranging from 0 to 0.5. The viscosity of these microemulsions, as measured in a capillary viscometer with a bore of almost-equal-to 1 mm diameter, exceeds by as much as a factor of 4 theoretical predictions of the viscosity of suspensions of hard or liquid spheres. If droplet clustering causes this viscosity enhancement, then flow of the microemulsions through pores with diameter small compared to the characteristic cluster size should display a large finite-size effect. The apparent viscosity of the microemulsions in pores differed from the viscosity measured in the capillary viscometer by less than 40% for 0.1 mum diameter pores and by less than 8% for 1.0 mum diameter pores. These differences are of the same scale as estimates of two effects: adsorption of droplets on the pore wall and the enhanced flow of suspensions near a wall. The absence of larger finite-size effects implies that clustering of droplets on length scales of 0.1 mum or larger does not contribute substantially to the microemulsion viscosity. RP RIPPLE, D (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DEPT COMMERCE,TECHNOL ADM,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS 10 BP 7761 EP 7765 DI 10.1063/1.463495 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA JY567 UT WOS:A1992JY56700074 ER PT J AU SANFORD, NA AUST, JA MALONE, KJ LARSON, DR ROSHKO, A AF SANFORD, NA AUST, JA MALONE, KJ LARSON, DR ROSHKO, A TI ND-LITAO3 WAVE-GUIDE LASER SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDE LASER; AMPLIFIER AB Waveguide lasers operating near 1092 and 1076 nm were fabricated in Z-cut Nd-Ti codiffused LiTaO3. The Nd diffusion was at 1400-degrees-C for 120 h. Samples from two wafers were examined. The Nd film starting thickness was 7 nm in wafer 1 and 15 nm in wafer 2. Ti stripes, 8-15 mum wide, were diffused at 1500-degrees-C for 4 h for wafer 1 (130-nm stripe thickness) and 2 h for wafer 2 (100-nm stripe thickness). Pumping was at 750 nm. Threshold occurred at 330 mW of absorbed pump power for the best waveguides from wafer 1 and 100 mW for the best waveguides from wafer 2. The slope efficiency of the latter was 0.07%. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,SUPERCONDUCTOR & MAGNET MEASUREMENTS GRP,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP SANFORD, NA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,OPT ELECTR METROL GRP,81402,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 1992 VL 17 IS 22 BP 1578 EP 1580 DI 10.1364/OL.17.001578 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA JX226 UT WOS:A1992JX22600008 PM 19798251 ER PT J AU EVANS, DJ CUI, ST HANLEY, HJM STRATY, GC AF EVANS, DJ CUI, ST HANLEY, HJM STRATY, GC TI CONDITIONS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF A REENTRANT SOLID-PHASE IN A SHEARED ATOMIC FLUID SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Note ID NONEQUILIBRIUM MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; INDUCED ORDER; SUSPENSIONS; APPARATUS; LIQUID; FLOW AB A nonequilibrium molecular-dynamics method is proposed to simulate the behavior of simple fluids under high shear rates. A thermostat that makes no assumptions regarding the form of the streaming velocity of the fluid is introduced. Simulations are carried out for a Weeks-Chandler-Andersen dense liquid. With the form of the streaming velocity partially or wholly constrained, we find evidence for a reentrant solid or string phase, but the phase disappears if constraints are removed. Small-angle neutron-scattering data from a sheared colloidal suspension are presented. There is no evidence of a steady-state shear-induced structure in the suspension. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP EVANS, DJ (reprint author), AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,RES SCH CHEM,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. NR 16 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 15 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 10 BP 6731 EP 6734 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.46.6731 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA JZ678 UT WOS:A1992JZ67800072 ER PT J AU JENSEN, HD MARTINIS, JM AF JENSEN, HD MARTINIS, JM TI ACCURACY OF THE ELECTRON PUMP SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SMALL TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; COULOMB BLOCKADE; SINGLE ELECTRONS; CHARGE AB We calculate the accuracy of the single electron pump numerically and analytically. With a biasing of the device that we describe as optimal, the accuracy is computed with finite temperature cotunneling rates that systematically include all possible cotunneling processes. A simple graphical representation of the operation of the pump illustrates when cotunneling processes become active. We show that the accuracy is limited by cotunneling, thermal activation, and operating the device at too high a frequency; simple approximation formulas axe given for these errors. Metrological accuracy is attainable for devices with five or more junctions and with parameters that are experimentally attainable. RP JENSEN, HD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 18 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 15 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 20 BP 13407 EP 13427 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.46.13407 PG 21 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA KA577 UT WOS:A1992KA57700058 ER PT J AU LIU, WC CLARK, CW AF LIU, WC CLARK, CW TI CLOSED-FORM SOLUTIONS OF THE SCHRODINGER-EQUATION FOR A MODEL ONE-DIMENSIONAL HYDROGEN-ATOM SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID LASER FIELDS AB We have found an infinite number of closed-form solutions to the Schrodinger equation for a well known model atom, by treating its short-range cut-off parameter as an eigenvalue. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,INST PHYS SCI & TECHNOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP LIU, WC (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,PHYS LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 NR 7 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD NOV 14 PY 1992 VL 25 IS 21 BP L517 EP L524 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/25/21/001 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA JY815 UT WOS:A1992JY81500001 ER PT J AU ZHANG, Z SAINI, RD KURYLO, MJ HUIE, RE AF ZHANG, Z SAINI, RD KURYLO, MJ HUIE, RE TI RATE CONSTANTS FOR THE REACTIONS OF THE HYDROXYL RADICAL WITH SEVERAL PARTIALLY FLUORINATED ETHERS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; OH; HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; SERIES AB We have measured rate constants for the reactions of the hydroxyl radical, OH, with a number of fluorinated ethers. These ethers and their calculated atmospheric lifetimes for removal by OH (in years), estimated relative to CH3CCl3, are as follows: CF3-O-CH3, 3.0; CF3-O-CHF2, 19; CHF2-O-CHF2, 2.6; CF3CH2-O-CH3, 0.1; CF3CH2-O-CHF2, 5.2; cyclo-CF2CHFCF2-0, 26; cyclo-(CF2)3-O, >330. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Huie, Robert/A-5645-2010; Kurylo, Michael/H-2201-2012 NR 12 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD NOV 12 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 23 BP 9301 EP 9304 DI 10.1021/j100202a045 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA JX921 UT WOS:A1992JX92100045 ER PT J AU HANSON, DR RAVISHANKARA, AR AF HANSON, DR RAVISHANKARA, AR TI HETEROGENEOUS CHEMISTRY OF HBR AND HF SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC OZONE DEPLETION; HYDROGEN-CHLORIDE; ICE SURFACES; HCL; NITRATE; N2O5; ACID; H2O AB The heterogeneous chemistry of HBr and HF was studied on glass and ice surfaces at 200 K. Physical and reactive uptake were investigated using a cylindrical fast-flow reactor in conjunction with a chemical-ionization mass spectrometer. HF exhibited no measurable uptake on ice or NAT nor did it significantly react with ClONO2 or HOCl. It is inferred that HF would be unreactive on polar stratospheric cloud particle surfaces. Physical adsorption or absorption of HBr was observed onto glass, adsorbed H2O layers on glass, and ice. For the relatively high [HBr] used, a very large uptake by ice was observed, and we detected no saturation of the surface. HBr reacts efficiently with ClONO2, Cl2, and N2O5, especially on ice and nitric acid ice surfaces. BrCl was observed as the primary product for the reaction HBr + ClONO2. The products HCl and Br2 were observed for the reaction of HBr with Cl2. On the basis of these results, it is likely that HBr would be processed efficiently on ice particles. C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP HANSON, DR (reprint author), NOAA,AERONOMY LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 28 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD NOV 12 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 23 BP 9441 EP 9446 DI 10.1021/j100202a069 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA JX921 UT WOS:A1992JX92100069 ER PT J AU KUMAR, M NETA, P SUTTER, TPG HAMBRIGHT, P AF KUMAR, M NETA, P SUTTER, TPG HAMBRIGHT, P TI ONE-ELECTRON REDUCTION AND DEMETALATION OF COPPER PORPHYRINS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACID SOLVOLYSIS REACTIONS; RADIOLYTIC REDUCTION; 2-ELECTRON REDUCTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; METAL-COMPLEXES; PYRIDYLPORPHYRINS; HYDROPORPHYRINS; KINETICS; LIGAND; NI(II) AB Reduction of water-soluble Cu(II) porphyrins has been studied by gamma-radiolysis and pulse radiolysis at various pH values. In neutral and alkaline solutions, the transient species produced by one-electron reduction were identified as the pi-radical anions, based on their broad absorption spectra at 600-800 nm, and the two-electron reduction products were either Cu(II) phlorins or Cu(II) chlorins, depending on pH and on porphyrin structure. Reduction in acidic solution, however, often led to demetallation of these otherwise stable complexes. The pH at which demetallation became apparent was <4 and dependent on porphyrin structure. Under these conditions, pulse radiolytic reduction gave the spectra of the products of protonation of Cu(I) porphyrin. It is concluded that the pi-radical anions of Cu(II) porphyrins have some Cu(I) character, which in acidic solutions results in protonation and demetallation due to the large ionic radius of Cu(I). For comparison, a study of the acid-catalyzed solvolysis of a Mg porphyrin was carried out both by pulse radiolysis and by classical methods. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. HOWARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD NOV 12 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 23 BP 9571 EP 9575 DI 10.1021/j100202a091 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA JX921 UT WOS:A1992JX92100091 ER PT J AU GULDI, DM KUMAR, M NETA, P HAMBRIGHT, P AF GULDI, DM KUMAR, M NETA, P HAMBRIGHT, P TI REACTIONS OF ALKYL AND FLUOROALKYL RADICALS WITH NICKEL, IRON, AND MANGANESE PORPHYRINS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ONE-ELECTRON REDUCTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; REDOX REACTIONS; METHYL RADICALS; ARYL PORPHYRINS; RATE CONSTANTS; STEADY-STATE; OH-RADICALS; SPIN STATE AB The reactions of alkyl (CH3, C2H5, n-C4H9, CH2CO2-, CH(CO2-)2, CH2CN) and fluoroalkyl (CF3, CF2Cl) radicals with nickel, iron, and manganese porphyrins (P) have been studied by radiolytic techniques in various solvents. All the radicals (R) react with FeIIP to form R-FeIIIP with a stable Fe-C bond. These products are oxidized by O2 to FeIIIP. Although NiIP and NiIIP also react rapidly with the radicals to form Ni-C bonds, only the reactions of fluoroalkyl radicals with NiIP yield stable products. Reactions of alkyl radicals with NiIP result in unstable R-NiIIP prodUCts (t1/2 several seconds) that eventually yield NiIIP. Reactions of alkyl radicals with NiIIP are reversible, and the short-lived R-NiIIIP products (t1/2 approximately milliseconds) disappear through radical reactions, with recovery of NiIIP. Alkyl radicals react rapidly with MnIIP, probably via addition to the metal, but the adduct gives MnIIIP immediately. .CF3 radicals also react with MnIIIP by addition to C=C bonds. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. HOWARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. RI Guldi, Dirk/G-1422-2015 NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD NOV 12 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 23 BP 9576 EP 9581 DI 10.1021/j100202a092 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA JX921 UT WOS:A1992JX92100092 ER PT J AU GULDI, DM NETA, P HAMBRIGHT, P RAHIMI, R AF GULDI, DM NETA, P HAMBRIGHT, P RAHIMI, R TI RING REDUCTION OF [N-METHYLTETRAKIS(4-SULFONATOPHENYL)PORPHINATO]COBALT(II), [N-METHYLTETRAKIS(4-SULFONATOPHENYL)PORPHINATO]NICKEL(II), AND [N-METHYLTETRAKIS(4-SULFONATOPHENYL)PORPHINATO]COPPER(II) AND SUBSEQUENT METHYL-GROUP MIGRATION - REVERSIBLE-REACTION BETWEEN METHYL RADICALS AND NI(II)TSPP SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ONE-ELECTRON; COBALT PORPHYRINS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; 2-ELECTRON REDUCTION; N-PHENYLPORPHYRINS; PYRROLIC NITROGEN; ARYL MIGRATION; COMPLEXES; ALKYL; METALLOPORPHYRINS AB [N-Methyltetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphinato]cobalt(II), -nickel(II), and -copper(II) [M(II)(N-Me)TSPP] have been prepared, and their reduction in aqueous solutions has been studied by radiolytic methods. In all cases, one-electron reduction takes place on the ligand to form transient pi-radical anions, [M(II)(N-Me)TSPP].-. These species may undergo two competing reactions, (a) disproportionation and protonation to yield the two-electron reduced phlorin anions, M(II)(N-Me)TSPPH-, a process that is favored at high radical concentration, or (b) migration of the methyl group from the pyrrole nitrogen to the metal center to form metal-carbon bonds, MeM(III)TSPP. Both pathways were observed with the Co and Ni derivatives whereas only disproportionation was noted for the Cu complex. The Ni derivative, moreover, produced MeNi(III)TSPP which was unstable and gave Ni(II)TSPP and methyl radicals. Independent experiments on the reaction of methyl radicals with Ni(II)TSPP indicated an equilibrium process. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. HOWARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. RI Guldi, Dirk/G-1422-2015 NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 11 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 23 BP 4849 EP 4853 DI 10.1021/ic00049a024 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA JY285 UT WOS:A1992JY28500024 ER PT J AU FESEN, RA MARTIN, CL SHULL, JM AF FESEN, RA MARTIN, CL SHULL, JM TI THE SYNCHROTRON BAYS OF THE CRAB-NEBULA - A MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE ASSOCIATED WITH A PRESUPERNOVA CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE CIRCUMSTELLAR MATTER; ISM, INDIVIDUAL (CRAB NEBULA); ISM, KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS; SUPERNOV REMNANTS ID CORONAE-BOREALIS STARS; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; MODEL; POLARIZATION; RESOLUTION; FILAMENTS; PULSARS; FIELD; SHELL; NOVA AB We investigate the nature of two large conical indentations in the Crab Nebula's synchrotron emission, commonly known as the east and west ''bays.'' Optical images spanning nearly nine decades (1899-1988) reveal the bays to be long-lasting remnant features. Proper motions of the bays away from the remnant's center of expansion are consistent with their locations near the SN progenitor site in A.D. 1054. Based on their morphologies and polarization properties, the bays appear to be portions of a torus encircling the remnant's center of expansion. The nebular magnetic field wrapped around this torus blocks the pulsar's relativistic particles, resulting in the observed lack of synchrotron emission. We propose that this torus is the result of a presupernova disklike ejection of greater-than-or-equal-to 0.1 M. by the Crab progenitor, similar to the ring around SN 1987A. A 0.5 M. disk of He-rich filaments along the equatorial plane is probably also related to pre-supernova mass loss, which might explain the wide range of abundances seen among filaments. Both the torus and disk appear to have affected the dynamics of the pulsar wind and the SN ejecta along the disk plane. A disklike mass ejection suggests a highly asymmetrical progenitor stellar wind possibly induced by a low-mass companion star. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST ASTROPHYS LAB,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE ASTRON,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV ARIZONA,STEWARD OBSERV,DEPT ASTRON,TUCSON,AZ 85721. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP FESEN, RA (reprint author), DARTMOUTH COLL,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,6127 WILDER LAB,HANOVER,NH 03755, USA. NR 75 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 1992 VL 399 IS 2 BP 599 EP & DI 10.1086/171951 PN 1 PG 0 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA JV806 UT WOS:A1992JV80600022 ER PT J AU BALSARA, NP FETTERS, LJ HADJICHRISTIDIS, N LOHSE, DJ HAN, CC GRAESSLEY, WW KRISHNAMOORTI, R AF BALSARA, NP FETTERS, LJ HADJICHRISTIDIS, N LOHSE, DJ HAN, CC GRAESSLEY, WW KRISHNAMOORTI, R TI THERMODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS IN MODEL POLYOLEFIN BLENDS OBTAINED BY SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPIC POLYMER MIXTURES; PHASE-SEPARATION; POLYBUTADIENE; COPOLYMERS; MISCIBILITY; HYDROGENATION; TEMPERATURE; DIMENSIONS; BEHAVIOR; CHAINS AB The dependence of Flory-Huggins interaction parameter chi on temperature, composition, and chain length was investigated for binary blends of amorphous model polyolefins, materials which are structurally analogous to copolymers of ethylene and butene-1. The components were prepared by saturating the double bonds of nearly monodisperse polybutadienes (78 %, 88 %, and 97 % vinyl content) with H-2 and D2, the latter to provide contrast for small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments. Values of chi were extracted from SANS data in the single-phase region for two series of blends, H97/D88 and H88/D78, using the random-phase approximation and the Flory-Huggins expression for free energy of mixing. These values were found to be insensitive to chain length (one test only) and to the component volume fractions for phi = 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75. Their temperature dependence (27-170-degrees-C) obeys the form chi(T) = A/T + B with coefficients that connote upper critical solution behavior, yielding T(c) approximately 40-degrees-C for one blend series (H97A/D88) and T(c) approximately 60-degrees-C for the other (H88/D78). These estimates are consistent with SANS pattern changes and supplemental light scattering results that indicate two-phase morphologies at lower temperatures. The chi(T) coefficients for the two series are also consistent with the random copolymer equation, although the interaction parameter obtained for branch C4-linear C4 chain units is much larger than that found by Crist and co-workers for saturated polybutadienes with lower ethyl branch contents. C1 EXXON RES & ENGN CO,CORP RES LABS,ANNANDALE,NJ 08801. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. UNIV ATHENS,DEPT CHEM,GR-15771 ATHENS,GREECE. RI Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/F-7914-2011 OI Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/0000-0001-5831-502X NR 50 TC 154 Z9 155 U1 5 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 9 PY 1992 VL 25 IS 23 BP 6137 EP 6147 DI 10.1021/ma00049a009 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA JX890 UT WOS:A1992JX89000009 ER PT J AU RAFELSKI, J RAFELSKI, H DANOS, M AF RAFELSKI, J RAFELSKI, H DANOS, M TI STRANGE FIREBALLS SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM SPECTRA; COLLISIONS; SULFUR AB The features of strange particle spectra originating in a fireball at central rapidity having local kinetic equilibrium are studied in detail. A comparison with recently presented experimental data suggests that the origin of the abundantly produced strange particles is a rapidly disintegrating central fireball. Critical characteristic features of the spectra, such as the shapes of rapidity distributions and the relation between the intrinsic temperature of the fireball and the observed experimental slopes of transverse mass spectra are discussed including the dependence on the experimental cuts. C1 NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP RAFELSKI, J (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA, DEPT PHYS, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. RI Rafelski, Johann/E-4678-2013 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 5 PY 1992 VL 294 IS 1 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1016/0370-2693(92)91652-P PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA JW988 UT WOS:A1992JW98800024 ER PT J AU ALBERTY, RA GOLDBERG, RN AF ALBERTY, RA GOLDBERG, RN TI STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC FORMATION PROPERTIES FOR THE ADENOSINE 5'-TRIPHOSPHATE SERIES SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EQUILIBRIUM AB The criterion for chemical equilibrium at specified temperature, pressure, pH, concentration of free magnesium ion, and ionic strength is the transformed Gibbs energy, which can be calculated from the Gibbs energy. The apparent equilibrium constant (written in terms of the total concentrations of reactants like adenosine 5'-triphosphate, rather than in terms of species) yields the standard transformed Gibbs energy of reaction, and the effect of temperature on the apparent equilibrium constant at specified pressure, pH, concentration of free magnesium ion, and ionic strength yields the standard transformed enthalpy of reaction. From the apparent equilibrium constants and standard transformed enthalpies of reaction that have been measured in the adenosine 5'-triphosphate series and the dissociation constants of the weak acids and magnesium complexes involved, it is possible to calculate standard Gibbs energies of formation and standard enthalpies of formation of the species involved at zero ionic strength. This requires the convention that the standard Gibbs energy of formation and standard enthalpy of formation for adenosine in dilute aqueous solutions be set equal to zero. On the basis of this convention, standard transformed Gibbs energies of formation and standard transformed enthalpies of formation of adenosine 5'-triphosphate, adenosine 5'-diphosphate, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, and adenosine at 298.15 K, 1 bar, pH = 7, a concentration of free magnesium ions of 10(-3) M, and an ionic strength of 0.25 M have been calculated. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP ALBERTY, RA (reprint author), MIT,DEPT CHEM,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. NR 15 TC 131 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD NOV 3 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 43 BP 10610 EP 10615 DI 10.1021/bi00158a025 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA JW440 UT WOS:A1992JW44000025 PM 1420176 ER PT J AU HARVEY, TE MORELAND, J JEANNERET, B ONO, RH RUDMAN, DA AF HARVEY, TE MORELAND, J JEANNERET, B ONO, RH RUDMAN, DA TI YBA2CU3O7-X TO SI INTERCONNECTION FOR HYBRID SUPERCONDUCTOR SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATION SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; FILMS AB We have successfully made low resistance contacts between high-quality films of YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) and single-crystal Si substrates through Ag-Au interconnections. The YBCO films were deposited by laser ablation on an epitaxial yttria-stabilized zirconia buffer layer on Si and had zero-resistance critical temperatures of 83-85 K after patterning into lines. Specific contact resistivities (resistance-area products) of the YBCO to Si interconnection, limited by the Au to Si interface, of 10(-6) OMEGA cm2 were achieved on heavily doped Si after deposition and patterning of the YBCO film. This demonstrates the use of high-temperature superconductors as a wiring layer compatible with conventional Si metal-oxide-semiconductor processing. RP HARVEY, TE (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 2 PY 1992 VL 61 IS 18 BP 2225 EP 2227 DI 10.1063/1.108275 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA JW461 UT WOS:A1992JW46100034 ER PT J AU VOORHEES, PW MCFADDEN, GB JOHNSON, WC AF VOORHEES, PW MCFADDEN, GB JOHNSON, WC TI ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF 2ND-PHASE PARTICLES IN ELASTICALLY-STRESSED SOLIDS SO ACTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID GAMMA' PRECIPITATE MORPHOLOGY; NICKEL-BASE ALLOYS; EQUILIBRIUM; SIMULATION AB We examine the equilibrium shape and the dynamics of the morphological evolution of a coherent misfitting particle in an elastically anisotropic medium. No a priori assumptions are made on the possible particle morphologies; the particle evolves in a manner consistent with both the diffusion and elastic fields surrounding the particle and the thermodynamics of interfaces in stressed solids. Through these calculations we find the thermodynamically stable equilibrium shape of a misfitting particle. By thermodynamically stable we mean that all the equilibrium conditions, elastic, chemical and interfacial are satisfied simultaneously, in contrast to previous treatments which determined the equilibrium shape by minimizing the sum of the elastic and interfacial energies for certain classes of particle shapes. We find that the equilibrium particle morphologies are not simple geometric shapes, have fourfold symmetry and a continuously varying interfacial curvature with position along the interface. Furthermore, the results show that the times required for a particle to evolve to its equilibrium morphology are likely to be within those which are accessible experimentally. In addition, we develop a general approach for determining the equilibrium shape of a particle in an elastically stressed solid. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, COMP & APPL MATH LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV, DEPT MET ENGN & MAT SCI, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA. RP VOORHEES, PW (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, EVANSTON, IL 60208 USA. RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008; Voorhees, Peter /B-6700-2009 OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103; NR 33 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-7151 J9 ACTA METALL MATER JI Acta Metall. Mater. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 40 IS 11 BP 2979 EP 2992 DI 10.1016/0956-7151(92)90462-N PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA JT431 UT WOS:A1992JT43100016 ER PT J AU SWAB, JJ SLAVIN, MJ QUINN, GD AF SWAB, JJ SLAVIN, MJ QUINN, GD TI FRACTURE ORIGINS IN ADVANCED STRUCTURAL CERAMICS SO AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP SWAB, JJ (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,WATERTOWN SITE,WATERTOWN,MA 02172, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7812 J9 AM CERAM SOC BULL JI Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 71 IS 11 BP 1639 EP 1640 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA JZ036 UT WOS:A1992JZ03600004 ER PT J AU DAS, NC MADDEN, RP OLSON, WB SEYOUM, HM AF DAS, NC MADDEN, RP OLSON, WB SEYOUM, HM TI THEORETICAL EVALUATION OF THE HIGH-RESOLUTION VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROMETER ON SURF-II SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID VUV SPECTROSCOPIC FACILITY AB The high-resolution vacuum-ultraviolet spectroscopic facility at SURF II, the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Md., consists of a fore-optics system of three cylindrical mirrors and a 6.65-m concave grating spectrometer using the off-plane Eagle mounting. To prepare for the evaluation of the actual performance of this national-facility spectrometer against theoretical expectations, we computed scanning parameters, spectral resolution, and the optimum curvature and tilt of both entrance and exit slits. It is planned eventually to replace the exit slit of this instrument with a two-dimensional array detector to increase data collection efficiency. Therefore a major motivation for this work is that the results on the tilt and curvature of the exit slit can be used to maximize the resolution obtainable with the array detector through data processing. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,FAR UV PHYS GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 31 BP 6724 EP 6733 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA JW127 UT WOS:A1992JW12700029 PM 20733905 ER PT J AU KLOTE, JH AF KLOTE, JH TI A PREVIEW OF ASHRAES REVISED SMOKE CONTROL MANUAL SO ASHRAE JOURNAL-AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS LA English DT Article RP KLOTE, JH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG FIRE PHYS GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEAT REFRIG AIR- CONDITIONING ENG INC PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J.-Am. Soc. Heat Refrig. Air-Cond. Eng. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 34 IS 11 BP 34 EP 37 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA JY214 UT WOS:A1992JY21400005 ER PT J AU CUPERMAN, S DETMAN, TR BRUMA, C DRYER, M AF CUPERMAN, S DETMAN, TR BRUMA, C DRYER, M TI TOWARDS A CONSISTENT TREATMENT OF THERMALLY CONDUCTIVE MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC FLOWS IN HELMET-STREAMER CORONAL STRUCTURES SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; PLASMAS; SUN, CORONA, SOLAR WIND AB The consistent treatment of the acceleration of the solar wind plasma in helmet-streamer coronal magnetic configurations is considered within the framework of the conductive, magnetohydrodynamic model equations. This represents a generalization of the isothermal, two-dimensional steady state solution of Pneuman & Kopp (1971). General analytical expressions and numerical procedures for the calculation of the transverse electrical currents entering Maxwell's equations are developed and presented. These procedures are first checked on the case of a simpler analytical model and next applied to helmet-streamer magnetic configurations. C1 TEL AVIV UNIV, RAYMOND & BEVERLY SACKLER FAC EXACT SCI, SCH PHYS & ASTRON, IL-69978 TEL AVIV, ISRAEL. RP CUPERMAN, S (reprint author), NOAA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, SPACE ENVIRONM LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 265 IS 2 BP 785 EP 790 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA JY167 UT WOS:A1992JY16700052 ER PT J AU LOVAS, FJ SUENRAM, RD OGATA, T YAMAMOTO, S AF LOVAS, FJ SUENRAM, RD OGATA, T YAMAMOTO, S TI MICROWAVE-SPECTRA AND ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENTS FOR LOW-J LEVELS OF INTERSTELLAR RADICALS - SO, C2S, C3S, C-HC3, CH2CC, AND C-C3H2 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MOLECULAR DATA; TECHNIQUES, SPECTROSCOPIC ID LABORATORY DETECTION; ASTRONOMICAL IDENTIFICATION; ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM; CYCLOPROPENYLIDENE; C3H2; CLOUDS; CHEMISTRY; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROMETER; SULFUR AB A number of low-J rotational transitions have been measured for the radical or transient molecular species, SO, C2S, C3S, c-HC3, CH2CC, and C-C3H2. Measurements were made with a pulsed-nozzle, Fabry-Perot cavity, Fourier transform microwave spectrometer equipped with a DC voltage, electric discharge nozzle. Helmholtz coils around the outside of the vacuum chamber were used to maintain the magnetic field within the active volume element of the Fabry-Perot cavity to less than 10 mG. The transition frequencies measured are accurate in most instances to 4 kHz, thus allowing the molecular dynamics of cold interstellar cloud to be determined with improved accuracy. In addition, the molecular electric dipole moments have been determined for SO, C3S, c-HC3, and C-C3H2 from Stark effect measurements and yield the following values: 5.07(3), 9.4(3), 7.7(3), and 10.91(3) x 10(-30) Cm [1.52(2), 2.81(7), 2.30(10), and 3.27(1) debye], respectively. C1 SHIZUOKA UNIV,FAC LIBERAL ARTS,SHIZUOKA 422,JAPAN. NAGOYA UNIV,DEPT ASTROPHYS,NAGOYA,AICHI 464,JAPAN. RP LOVAS, FJ (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 34 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 399 IS 1 BP 325 EP 329 DI 10.1086/171928 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA JV047 UT WOS:A1992JV04700033 ER PT J AU EDELSON, R PIKE, GF SAKEN, JM KINNEY, A SHULL, JM AF EDELSON, R PIKE, GF SAKEN, JM KINNEY, A SHULL, JM TI THE COLORADO IUE ACTIVE GALAXY SURVEY .1. BLAZARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE BL LACERTAE OBJECTS, GENERAL; GALAXIES, ACTIVE; QUASARS, GENERAL; ULTRAVIOLET, SPECTRA ID BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; FAR-ULTRAVIOLET; PKS 2155-304; VARIABILITY AB This paper presents consistently reduced ultraviolet continuum flux densities and spectral indices derived from all 499 usable archived IUE observations of blazars made through mid- 1 99 1. The extraction of one-dimensional spectra and the measurement of spectral parameters are discussed. A detailed error analysis is presented, including a discussion of the difference in the calibration between the IUE long- and short-wavelength cameras. The resulting data are presented in tabular and graphical form and are available by electronic mail as well. These results will be most useful for variability studies, but can also be used to characterize the broad-band energy distributions and to compare blazar properties with those of other AGN. This is the first in a series of papers, in which extracted spectral parameters will be published for the over 4500 spectra of AGN in the IUE archives. C1 UNIV COLORADO,CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE ASTRON,BOULDER,CO 80309. SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 83 IS 1 BP 1 EP 27 DI 10.1086/191729 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA JU071 UT WOS:A1992JU07100001 ER PT J AU SPIKER, EC HOSKER, RP COMER, VJ WHITE, JR WERRE, RW HARMON, FL GANDY, GD SHERWOOD, SI AF SPIKER, EC HOSKER, RP COMER, VJ WHITE, JR WERRE, RW HARMON, FL GANDY, GD SHERWOOD, SI TI ENVIRONMENTAL CHAMBER FOR STUDY OF THE DEPOSITION FLUX OF GASEOUS-POLLUTANTS TO MATERIAL-SURFACES SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE STONE DEGRADATION; DRY DEPOSITION; EXPOSURE CHAMBER; SIMULATION ID DRY DEPOSITION; WET DEPOSITION; CORROSION; SO2 AB A specially designed recirculating environmental chamber was constructed to study the environmental factors affecting the deposition of pollutant gases to the surface of stone and other building materials. The chamber and sample holder are designed to place samples in an aerodynamically well-defined air flow. The system is designed to permit use of radioactive (SO2)-S-35 as a tracer if necessary. A wide range of typical environmental conditions can be continuously maintained in the chamber. Wind speeds in the test section can range up to about 5 m s-1, exposing replicate samples to air flow that is uniform to within approximately 3%. Relative humidity in the chamber can be maintained to within 3%, and SO2, NO2 and 03 concentrations in the chamber air can be maintained to within 4%. Test results indicate SO2 deposition and wind speed in the chamber are closely correlated, allowing for a direct determination of the surface resistance (r(c)) component of the SO2 deposition velocity to various test materials. Initial studies of SO2 deposition to limestone and marble indicate the r(c) values are approximately 1.3 s cm-1 for fresh limestone and 34 s cm-1 for fresh marble at 75% relative humidity, 26-degrees-C and 50 ppb SO2. C1 US NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NATL PK SERV,DIV PRESERVAT ASSISTANCE,WASHINGTON,DC 20013. RP SPIKER, EC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD NOV PY 1992 VL 26 IS 16 BP 2885 EP 2892 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90280-X PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JY218 UT WOS:A1992JY21800003 ER PT J AU PRADHAN, AK GALLAGHER, JW AF PRADHAN, AK GALLAGHER, JW TI AN EVALUATED COMPILATION OF THEORETICAL DATA SOURCES FOR ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION OF ATOMIC IONS SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Review ID HE-LIKE IONS; EFFECTIVE COLLISION STRENGTHS; HELIUM-LIKE IONS; FINE-STRUCTURE TRANSITIONS; INNER-SHELL EXCITATION; HIGHLY CHARGED IONS; R-MATRIX METHOD; OPTICALLY ALLOWED TRANSITIONS; SPECTRAL-LINE INTENSITIES; BE-LIKE IONS C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, STAND REFERENCE DATA, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP OHIO STATE UNIV, DEPT ASTRON, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. NR 490 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X EI 1090-2090 J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD NOV PY 1992 VL 52 IS 2 BP 227 EP 317 DI 10.1016/0092-640X(92)90028-G PG 91 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA KD124 UT WOS:A1992KD12400002 ER PT J AU WATSON, W WALKER, HJ AF WATSON, W WALKER, HJ TI LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF SARGO (ANISOTREMUS-DAVIDSONII) AND SALEMA (XENISTIUS-CALIFORNIENSIS) (PISCES, HAEMULIDAE) FROM THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SAN-ONOFRE AB Size series of 116 Anisotremus davidsonii (2.2-24.9 mm) and 131 Xenistius californiensis (2.2-41.7 mm) from field collections were examined for pigmentation, and most specimens were measured to determine morphometric characteristics. Subsets of 39 A. davidsonii (2.9-23.6 mm) and 25 X. californiensis(2.7-24.1 mm) were cleared and stained to examine skeletal development. Pigment in both species is largely limited to the ventrum and to the dorsal sur-face of the gut and swimbladder throughout larval development. Both species subsequently develop rather heavy dorsal and dorsolateral pigment; small juveniles display the longitudinal stripes that are well known in juvenile Haemulinae. Both species are moderately slender, with preanal length roughly half of body length. Development in both is gradual, with no marked changes in proportions. Both look like typical haemulines. Skeletal development differs little from that described for other haemulines. Bones of the jaws, operculum, and suspensorium are among the first to ossify, usually before notochord flexion. Ossification of neural and haemal arches and spines and vertebral centra, except the urostyle, is anterior to posterior. Pterygiophores and soft rays form first in the middle of the dorsal and anal fins in both species; addition is both anterior and posterior. Addition of dorsal spines begins posteriorly, but then may continue from anterior to posterior. Larval sargo and salema are distinguished from similar larvae off California and northern Baja California primarily by a combination of myomere count and ventral pigment on the tail. Larval sargo typically have pigment on the peritoneum just anterior to the liver, while larval salema do not. Larval salema usually have a melanophore under the anterior hindbrain, while preflexion stage larval sargo usually do not. After notochord flexion sargo are deeper-bodied than salema. Dorsal fin ray counts allow easy separation of postflexion and older sargo (14-15) from salema (12-13). C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,MARINE VERTEBRATES COLLECT,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP WATSON, W (reprint author), NAOO,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 51 IS 3 BP 360 EP 406 PG 47 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA KQ758 UT WOS:A1992KQ75800009 ER PT J AU GITTINGS, SR BOLAND, GS DESLARZES, KJP COMBS, CL HOLLAND, BS BRIGHT, TJ AF GITTINGS, SR BOLAND, GS DESLARZES, KJP COMBS, CL HOLLAND, BS BRIGHT, TJ TI MASS SPAWNING AND REPRODUCTIVE VIABILITY OF REEF CORALS AT THE EAST FLOWER GARDEN BANK, NORTHWEST GULF OF MEXICO SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Mass spawning of three coral species that broadcast eggs and sperm into the water column (Diploria strigosa, Montastrea annularis, and M. cavernosa) was observed at the East Flower Garden Bank on 1 September 199 1. Peak activity occurred after 2115, eight evenings following the August full moon. Minor spawning activity was noted on two occasions just prior to sunset, and on the day following mass spawning, as well as seven days following the July full moon. Reports of comparable mass spawning activity elsewhere in the Atlantic are lacking, but timing of the spawning was similar to that reported elsewhere in the field and in laboratory-maintained Atlantic corals. Gamete release behaviors varied between species at the Flower Gardens. Behaviors of hermaphroditic species included slow release of discrete gamete bundles (D. strigosa) and release of mucus- or sperm-mucus-bound eggs (M. annularis). Egg and sperm release by M. cavernosa, a dioecious species, was observed in separate colonies. Sperm was ejected forcefully. Eggs were released slowly. Mass spawning, together with data from coral recruitment studies showing routine reproduction by brooding corals, and recruitment of both broadcasters and brooders on nearby oil platforms, suggest the Flower Garden Banks harbor fully functional coral communities capable of self-seeding following disturbance and of supplying viable larvae for colonization of natural and artificial substrates. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT OCEANOG,COLL STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM,BRYAN,TX 77802. RP GITTINGS, SR (reprint author), FLOWER GARDEN BANKS NATL MARINE SANCTUARY,1716 BRIARCREST DR,SUITE 702,BRYAN,TX 77802, USA. RI Holland, Brenden/H-9872-2013 NR 25 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 13 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 51 IS 3 BP 420 EP 428 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA KQ758 UT WOS:A1992KQ75800011 ER PT J AU DORAN, JC BARNES, FJ COULTER, RL CRAWFORD, TL BALDOCCHI, DD BALICK, L COOK, DR COOPER, D DOBOSY, RJ DUGAS, WA FRITSCHEN, L HART, RL HIPPS, L HUBBE, JM GAO, W HICKS, R KIRKHAM, RR KUNKEL, KE MARTIN, TJ MEYERS, TP PORCH, W SHANNON, JD SHAW, WJ SWIATEK, E WHITEMAN, CD AF DORAN, JC BARNES, FJ COULTER, RL CRAWFORD, TL BALDOCCHI, DD BALICK, L COOK, DR COOPER, D DOBOSY, RJ DUGAS, WA FRITSCHEN, L HART, RL HIPPS, L HUBBE, JM GAO, W HICKS, R KIRKHAM, RR KUNKEL, KE MARTIN, TJ MEYERS, TP PORCH, W SHANNON, JD SHAW, WJ SWIATEK, E WHITEMAN, CD TI THE BOARDMAN REGIONAL FLUX EXPERIMENT SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE FLUXES; PARAMETERIZATION; MODELS; HEAT AB A field campaign was carried out near Boardman, Oregon, to study the effects of subgrid-scale variability of sensible- and latent-heat fluxes on surface boundary-layer properties. The experiment involved three U.S. Department of Energy laboratories, one National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration laboratory, and several universities. The experiment was conducted in a region of severe contrasts in adjacent surface types that accentuated the response of the atmosphere to variable surface forcing. Large values of sensible-heat flux and low values of latent-heat flux characterized a sagebrush steppe area; significantly smaller sensible-heat fluxes and much larger latent-heat fluxes were associated with extensive tracts of irrigated farmland to the north, east, and west of the steppe. Data were obtained from an array of surface flux stations, remote-sensing devices, an instrumented aircraft, and soil and vegetation measurements. The data will be used to address the problem of extrapolating from a limited number of local measurements to area-averaged values of fluxes suitable for use in global climate models. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87544 USA. ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS DIV, OAK RIDGE, TN USA. EG&G MEASUREMENTS INC, LAS VEGAS, NV USA. BLACKLAND RES CTR, TEXAS AGR EXPT STN, TEMPLE, TX USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. UTAH STATE UNIV, LOGAN, UT 84322 USA. ILLINOIS STATE WATER SURVEY, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 USA. RP DORAN, JC (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RI Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Dobosy, Ronald/C-3303-2016; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 OI Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Dobosy, Ronald/0000-0001-8399-8774; NR 16 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 73 IS 11 BP 1785 EP 1795 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1992)073<1785:TBRFE>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JZ295 UT WOS:A1992JZ29500001 ER PT J AU MACHTA, L AF MACHTA, L TI FINDING THE SITE OF THE 1ST SOVIET NUCLEAR TEST IN 1949 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Efforts by the U.S. government to detect the first Soviet atomic test began at least as early as 1946. Interception of radioactive debris from the first test was made by the Air Weather Service B-29 weather reconnaissance aircraft, which was equipped to filter particles from the air, on 3 September 1949 at 500 mb east of Kamchatka. The U.S. Weather Bureau was charged with trying to find the likely testing grounds from this first interception and a few later ones. The test site was found using backward air trajectories from the radioactivity detection line and a time of detonation to determine where to stop the backward trajectories. The explosion time, with large error bars, was obtained from radiochemical analysis of the particulate debris. In 1949, best time was estimated to be about 1500 UTC on 27 August. This was then combined with 500-mb backward trajectories to place the likely test site, incorrectly, near the northern part of the Caspian Sea. The uncertainties in the test time and in the calculated trajectories allowed the test site to be possible over a much larger region. Subsequently, the real explosion time was found to be about 0100 UTC 29 August, placing the most likely test site, from the 1949 Weather Bureau trajectories, just south of Lake Balkash. The true test site has also been revealed to be the Khazakh Test Site, and is 250 to 275 miles north of this latter calculated position. The percentage error between the calculated and correct source position relative to the trajectory distance is about 5%. This value, 5%, is much smaller than the more typical 20% errors found by other studies. RP MACHTA, L (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,AIR RESOURCES LAB,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 73 IS 11 BP 1797 EP 1806 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1992)073<1797:FTSOTF>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JZ295 UT WOS:A1992JZ29500002 ER PT J AU SCHAEFER, JT TRAVERS, JP HEFFNER, TA EUBANKS, AD GARZA, AL ROTHFUSZ, LP ROGERS, WA GRAFF, SK SKEEN, JT HAYDU, K HARRISON, ML AF SCHAEFER, JT TRAVERS, JP HEFFNER, TA EUBANKS, AD GARZA, AL ROTHFUSZ, LP ROGERS, WA GRAFF, SK SKEEN, JT HAYDU, K HARRISON, ML TI SUMMARY OF NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AVIATION WORKSHOP KANSAS-CITY, MISSOURI, 10-12 DECEMBER 1991 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material AB The National Weather Service sponsored a workshop on aviation weather on 10-12 December 1991, in Kansas City, Missouri. The theme of the workshop was the improvement of service to the aviation community through the application of technology and advanced forecast techniques. The 150-plus people who attended the workshop included a cross section of operational forecasters, pilots, research meteorologists, and representatives of the aviation industry. The workshop included sessions on user requirements, operational procedures, and the impacts of new technology on the forecast products. There were also four "hands-on" laboratory sessions where participants produced various types of aviation weather products. The interaction between the user community and working-level forecasters made the workshop a unique event. C1 NWS OFF METEOROL,SILVER SPRING,MD. NWS FORECAST OFF,HONOLULU,HI. NWS ALASKA REG HEADQUARTERS,ANCHORGE,AK. NWS,SO REG HEADQUARTERS,FT WORTH,TX. NWS,EASTERN REG HEADQUARTERS,BOHEMIA,NY. NWS,AVIAT SERV BRANCH,SILVER SPRING,MD. NWS,NATL HURRICANE CTR,CORAL GABLES,FL. NWS,FAA ACAD,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK. CTR WEATHER SERV UNIT,PALMDALE,CA. RP SCHAEFER, JT (reprint author), NWS,CTR TRAINING,KANSAS CITY,MO 64106, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 73 IS 11 BP 1835 EP 1841 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JZ295 UT WOS:A1992JZ29500006 ER PT J AU LANFERSIECK, J SQUIRES, D AF LANFERSIECK, J SQUIRES, D TI PLANNING-MODELS FOR INDIVIDUAL TRANSFERABLE QUOTA PROGRAMS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MARKET POWER; FISHERIES; RIGHTS AB This paper develops an approach to simulating markets for individual transferable quotas prior to their actual implementation. This approach is based on linear programming models for individual vessels that allow estimation of market derived demand for quota to simulate the expected equilibrium market price for quota and maximum quasi-rents for alternative quota allocations. The simulated price is an annual lease or rental price. The approach, applied to a sample of longline vessels targeting sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) in the Columbia INPFC area of the United States, indicates substantial potential gain in quasi-rent and economic efficiency from quota trade. The simulated quota exchange also indicates potential for concentration of quota. The quota market risks becoming thin, noisy, and hampered by noncompetitive forces, potentially requiring limits to quota transfer and concentration. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, SW FISHERIES SCI CTR, POB 271, LA JOLLA, CA 92038 USA. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 49 IS 11 BP 2313 EP 2321 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KF388 UT WOS:A1992KF38800012 ER PT J AU MARTIN, AP HUMPHREYS, R PALUMBI, SR AF MARTIN, AP HUMPHREYS, R PALUMBI, SR TI POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE OF THE ARMORHEAD, PSEUDOPENTACEROS-WHEELERI, IN THE NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN - APPLICATION OF THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION TO FISHERIES PROBLEMS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PENTACEROTIDAE; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES; FLOW AB Armorhead (Pseudopentaceros wheeleri) occur in the subarctic, epipelagic habitats of the northern Pacific Ocean and are known to reproduce on seamounts in the central Pacific. Over the last few decades, overexploitation of seamount populations led to dramatic declines in abundances of reproductive populations. We undertook a study of the population genetics of armorhead to test whether distinct stocks exist in association with specific seamounts. We used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a combination of DNA sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis to analyze mtDNA variants for individuals collected from three localities: two seamounts and from the open ocean. We discovered that mtDNA haplotypes are not partitioned geographically, refuting the hypothesis that different seamounts harbor genetically distinct populations. Furthermore, genetic similarity of seamount and open-ocean fish supports the hypothesis that armorhead migrate between the central and northern Pacific Ocean for reproduction and feeding, respectively. C1 UNIV HAWAII,KEWALO MARINE LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96822. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,NAOS MARINE LAB,MIAMI,FL 34002. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES CTR,HONOLULU LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP MARTIN, AP (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII,DEPT ZOOL,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 21 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 49 IS 11 BP 2386 EP 2391 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KF388 UT WOS:A1992KF38800021 ER PT J AU KASPRZAK, KS DIWAN, BA RICE, JM MISRA, M RIGGS, CW OLINSKI, R DIZDAROGLU, M AF KASPRZAK, KS DIWAN, BA RICE, JM MISRA, M RIGGS, CW OLINSKI, R DIZDAROGLU, M TI NICKEL(II)-MEDIATED OXIDATIVE DNA-BASE DAMAGE IN RENAL AND HEPATIC CHROMATIN OF PREGNANT RATS AND THEIR FETUSES - POSSIBLE RELEVANCE TO CARCINOGENESIS SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SITE-SPECIFIC MUTAGENESIS; IONIZING-RADIATION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; BARBITURIC-ACID; THYMINE GLYCOL; F344 RATS; NICKEL; SODIUM; RADICALS; KIDNEY AB DNA base damage was studied in renal and hepatic chromatin of nickel(II)-injected pregnant female F344/NCr rats and their fetuses under conditions leading to initiation of sodium barbital-promotable renal tumors, but not liver tumors, in the male offspring. Pregnant rats were given a total of 90 or 180 mumol of nickel(II) acetate/kg body wt in a single ip dose on day 17 or in 2 or 4 ip doses between days 12 and 18 of gestation. Control rats received 180 mumol of sodium acetate/kg body wt. The animals were killed 24 or 48 h after the last injection. Chromatin was isolated from livers and kidneys from both adults and fetuses and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. Eleven products derived from the purine and pyrimidine bases in DNA bases were identified and quantified. These were the following: 5-hydroxy-5-methylhydantoin,5-hydroxyhydantoin,5-(hydroxymethyl)uracil,cytosine glycol, thymine glycol, 5,6-dihydroxycytosine, 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine, 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine,8-hydroxyadenine, 2-hydroxyadenine, and 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OH-Gua). Nickel(II) exposure increased the content of these products, especially those derived from purines, in both renal and hepatic chromatin of pregnant rats. The major difference between these two organs was the content of 8-OH-Gua, which increased greatly in the kidney but remained unchanged in the liver. In the corresponding fetal organs, the relative increases in 8-OH-Gua were comparable to the findings in adults. Fetal kidney DNA was relatively higher in pyrimidine-derived products (especially thymine glycol and 5-hydroxyhydantoin) and lower in purine-derived products (except for 8-OH-Gua) than fetal hepatic DNA. No consistent dose effect of nickel(II) on the amounts of the DNA base products recovered from either organ was observed in either the dams or their fetuses. The products determined were typical hydroxyl radical-produced derivatives of DNA bases, suggesting a role for hydroxyl radical in the induction of their formation by nickel(II). Some of these base products have been shown previously to be promutagenic. Therefore, the present results indicate possible involvement of oxidative DNA base damage in the mechanism of nickel(II) carcinogenesis in the rat kidney. The prevalence of 8-OH-Gua in the kidney but not in the liver is consistent with the hypothesis that 8-OH-Gua is a tumor-initiating lesion in that organ. However, the complexity of the observed response to nickel(II) does not exclude possible roles for other DNA base products elevated by nickel(II) treatment, especially thymine glycol and 5-hydroxyhydantoin, in nickel(II)-induced carcinogenesis in the kidney. C1 NCI,DYNCORP,PROGRAM RESOURCES INC,FCRDC,BIOL CARCINOGENESIS DEV PROGRAM,FREDERICK,MD 21702. NCI,DATA MANAGEMENT SERV INC,FCRDC,FREDERICK,MD 21702. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP KASPRZAK, KS (reprint author), NCI,FCRDC,COMPARAT CARCINOGENESIS LAB,BLDG 538,ROOM 205,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. RI Olinski, Ryszard/E-9607-2014 FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-74102] NR 46 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 5 IS 6 BP 809 EP 815 DI 10.1021/tx00030a013 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA KB009 UT WOS:A1992KB00900014 PM 1489933 ER PT J AU RHINE, WE HALLOCK, RB DAVIS, WM WONGNG, W AF RHINE, WE HALLOCK, RB DAVIS, WM WONGNG, W TI SYNTHESIS AND CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE OF BARIUM TITANYL OXALATE, BATI(O)(C2O4)2.5H2O - A MOLECULAR PRECURSOR FOR BATIO3 SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID COMPLEXES AB Single crystals of barium titanyl oxalate (BTO), BaTi(O)(C2O4)2.5H2O, were grown by slowly evaporating water from a dilute solution of barium nitrate and ammonium titanyl oxalate, (NH4)2Ti(O)(C2O4)2.H2O, at pH 1. The molecular structure of BTO was determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The chemical formula is more accurately described as Ba2Ti2O2(C2O4)4.10H2O in order to account for the number of unique atoms in the structure. Seven of the ten water molecules are associated with barium atoms, and the remaining three waters occupy interstitial sites in the structure and are not coordinated to either titanium or barium atoms. The compound readily loses water beginning at room temperature, depending on drying conditions and/or relative humidity; hence in the past the compound has been referred to most often as the tetrahydrate, BaTi(O)(C2O4)2.4H2O. Crystal data: C8H20Ba2O28Ti2, M = 934.65, monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n (No. 14), a = 13.367 (1) angstrom, b = 13.852 (1) angstrom, c = 14.023 (1) angstrom, beta = 91.61 (2)-degrees, V = 2595.6 angstrom3, Z = 4, D(calc) = 2.392 g/cm3 , R = 0.064, and R(w) = 0.069. C1 MIT,DEPT CHEM,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP RHINE, WE (reprint author), MIT,CERAM PROC RES LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. NR 38 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 4 IS 6 BP 1208 EP 1216 DI 10.1021/cm00024a019 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA KA305 UT WOS:A1992KA30500019 ER PT J AU THOMAS, RE RICE, SD AF THOMAS, RE RICE, SD TI SALINITY TOLERANCE OF ADULT AND JUVENILE RED KING CRABS PARALITHODES-CAMTSCHATICA SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE AB 1. Juvenile king crabs were more tolerant of reduced salinities than adult crab; juvenile crab were better volume regulators at reduced salinities than adult crab. 2. Adult female king crab hemolymph was hyperosmotic to full seawater (30 ppt) and isosmotic to dilute seawater. Juvenile king crab (2 years old) were hypoosmotic at the same concentrations. 3. Lower osmotic concentration of juvenile hemolymph is at least partially due to lower sodium concentration. 4. Juvenile king crab can tolerate some dilution and survive for short periods in the reduced salinity of the lower intertidal zone. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,AUKE BAY LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. RP THOMAS, RE (reprint author), CALIF STATE UNIV CHICO,DEPT BIOL SCI,CHICO,CA 95929, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-9629 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 103 IS 3 BP 433 EP 437 DI 10.1016/0300-9629(92)90268-U PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA JW966 UT WOS:A1992JW96600002 ER PT J AU PITMAN, RL BALLANCE, LT AF PITMAN, RL BALLANCE, LT TI PARKINSON PETREL DISTRIBUTION AND FORAGING ECOLOGY IN THE EASTERN PACIFIC - ASPECTS OF AN EXCLUSIVE FEEDING RELATIONSHIP WITH DOLPHINS SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE PARKINSON PETREL; PROCELLARIA-PARKINSONI; FEEDING ECOLOGY; TROPICAL SEABIRDS; DOLPHIN ASSOCIATIONS; SCAVENGING ID TROPICAL PACIFIC; MARINE BIRDS; ASSOCIATION; SEABIRDS; ISLANDS; WHALES AB During 28 research vessel cruises in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean from 1976 through 1990, Parkinson's Petrels (Procellaria parkinsoni) were observed near shore from southern Mexico (ca. 15-degrees-N) to northern Peru (ca. 5-degrees-S), and along a broad seaward extension that continued west of the Galapagos Islands to 110-degrees-W. Parkinson's Petrels regularly associated with dolphins: of the 6 1 8 petrels observed, 469 (76%) were associated with 10 species of dolphins, on 55 occasions, with 1 to 300 petrels present. They occurred mostly with two rare dolphin species: the melon-headed whale (Peponocephala electra) and the false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens). This appeared to be a largely obligatory foraging relationship for Parkinson's Petrels. Associations with other dolphin species occurred primarily when those species also associated with melon-headed and false killer whales. Parkinson's Petrels avoided a common and widespread, multi-species feeding assemblage which consisted of a diverse, fast-moving group of seabirds, spotted and spinner dolphins (Stenella attenuata and S. longirostris), and tuna, all of which feed on live prey forced to the surface. The lumbering Parkinson's Petrels appeared ill-equipped to take such prey. In contrast, melon-headed and false killer whales apparently fed by dismembering large prey below the surface and so, provided feeding opportunities for a scavenging bird with diving capabilities. Among eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) seabirds, Parkinson's Petrels alone are adapted for recovering food scraps well below the surface. Parkinson's Petrels appear to be more dependent on marine mammals for foraging than any other species of seabird studied and feed diurnally more than was previously thought. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT BIOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP PITMAN, RL (reprint author), SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 51 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 5 U2 9 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 1992 VL 94 IS 4 BP 825 EP 835 DI 10.2307/1369280 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA KC925 UT WOS:A1992KC92500003 ER PT J AU GOVONI, JJ GRIMES, CB AF GOVONI, JJ GRIMES, CB TI THE SURFACE ACCUMULATION OF LARVAL FISHES BY HYDRODYNAMIC CONVERGENCE WITHIN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME FRONT SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL OBSERVATIONS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; PEAK DISCHARGE; MARINE FISHES; AMAZON RIVER; SHELF; RECRUITMENT; REGION; WATER; MODEL AB In September 1987 and May 1988 densities of larval fishes at the surface were greater within the frontal zone of the Mississippi River plume than they were in plume or shelf waters. Sharp turbidity discontinuities of 10-50 m width accompanied by temperature and salinity discontinuities were embedded within this large-scale frontal zone, which itself spanned 2-20 km. Apparent convergent motion normal to turbidity discontinuities had velocities in the range of 0-0.8 m s-1: lateral shear was also evident. Exceptionally high densities of larval fishes were not always observed at turbidity discontinuities. Turbidity discontinuities, often sinuous in configuration, formed and dissipated over time scales of 2-6 h. Expected densities of larval fishes within frontal convergence zones, calculated with a simplified advection-diffusion model, approximated mean and median densities observed within the large-scale frontal zone. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,PANAMA CITY LAB,PANAMA CITY,FL 32407. RP GOVONI, JJ (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. NR 27 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1265 EP 1276 DI 10.1016/0278-4343(92)90063-P PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA JR206 UT WOS:A1992JR20600001 ER PT J AU MOLINARI, RL FINE, RA JOHNS, E AF MOLINARI, RL FINE, RA JOHNS, E TI THE DEEP WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT IN THE TROPICAL NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART A-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article ID WATER; CIRCULATION; ABACO; 26.5-DEGREES-N; VARIABILITY; SEAWATER; BAHAMAS; OXYGEN; RIDGE; RATES AB Tracer and CTD data collected on four cruises to the western tropical North Atlantic during 1987-1989 are used to describe the water mass properties and geostrophic transport of the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC). The study area extends along the boundary and east to the mid-Atlantic Ridge from 14.5-degrees-N to the equator. Two cores of recently ventilated (with respect to the chlorofluorocarbon F11) northern hemisphere water are advected through the area. A shallow core is centered at about 1500 m and a deeper core at about 3500 m. The upper core of high F11 (bounded by the 3.2 and 4.7-degrees-C potential temperature isotherms) is typically located inshore of the deeper core (bounded by the 1.8 and 2.4-degrees-C isotherms). Geostrophic currents and transports were computed relative to a zero reference velocity on the 4.7-degrees-C potential temperature surface. Total transport below the 4.7-degrees-C surface for the most intense portion of the DWBC is 26 Sv (1 Sv = 10(6) m3 s-1). Of this total, 17 Sv are contained in the two recently ventilated high F11 cores. The Ceara Rise blocks equatorward flow in the DWBC below the 1.8-degrees-C potential temperature surface, causing at least the coldest waters to recirculate back to the north. C1 UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,MIAMI,FL 33149. RP MOLINARI, RL (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI Johns, Elizabeth/I-3547-2013 OI Johns, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2181-5052 NR 43 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0198-0149 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 39 IS 11-12A BP 1967 EP 1984 DI 10.1016/0198-0149(92)90008-H PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA JY326 UT WOS:A1992JY32600008 ER PT J AU ROSENBERG, AA KIRKWOOD, GP COOK, RM MYERS, RA AF ROSENBERG, AA KIRKWOOD, GP COOK, RM MYERS, RA TI COMBINING INFORMATION FROM COMMERCIAL CATCHES AND RESEARCH SURVEYS TO ESTIMATE RECRUITMENT - A COMPARISON OF METHODS SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE YEAR-CLASS STRENGTH; COMMERCIAL CATCHES; RESEARCH SURVEYS; SIMULATION TESTS C1 UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI & TECHNOL,RENEWABLE RESOURCES ASSESSMENT GRP,LONDON SW7 1NA,ENGLAND. DAFS,MARINE LAB,ABERDEEN AB9 8DB,SCOTLAND. FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,SCI BRANCH,ST JOHNS A1C 5X1,NEWFOUNDLAND,CANADA. RP ROSENBERG, AA (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. RI Cook, Robin/D-6261-2013 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 49 IS 4 BP 379 EP 387 DI 10.1093/icesjms/49.4.379 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA KD335 UT WOS:A1992KD33500001 ER PT J AU MARSHALL, JC PARAMESWARAN, M ZAGHLOUL, ME GAITAN, M AF MARSHALL, JC PARAMESWARAN, M ZAGHLOUL, ME GAITAN, M TI HIGH-LEVEL CAD MELDS MICROMACHINED DEVICES WITH FOUNDRIES SO IEEE CIRCUITS & DEVICES LA English DT Article ID SILICON; FABRICATION C1 SIMON FRASER UNIV, SCH ENGN SCI, BURNABY V5A 1S6, BC, CANADA. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV, SCH ENGN & APPL SCI, WASHINGTON, DC 20052 USA. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV SEMICOND ELECTR, GAITHERSBURG, MD USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 8755-3996 J9 IEEE CIRCUITS DEVICE JI IEEE Circuits Devices PD NOV PY 1992 VL 8 IS 6 BP 10 EP 17 DI 10.1109/101.167507 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA JV955 UT WOS:A1992JV95500002 ER PT J AU SCHNEEMAN, RD AF SCHNEEMAN, RD TI PORTING MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS TO THE OPEN SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT SO IEEE SOFTWARE LA English DT Article RP SCHNEEMAN, RD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,COMP SYST LAB,DISTRIBUTED SYST ENGN GRP,TECHNOL BLDG 225,MS-B266,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 SN 0740-7459 J9 IEEE SOFTWARE JI IEEE Softw. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 9 IS 6 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1109/52.168857 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA JX941 UT WOS:A1992JX94100006 ER PT J AU HILL, DA AF HILL, DA TI CURRENTS INDUCED ON MULTICONDUCTOR TRANSMISSION-LINES BY RADIATION AND INJECTION SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article AB Multiconductor transmission line theory is used to compare currents induced on individual wires within a bundle by injection and radiated excitation. Calculations show that the two types of excitation generally induce significantly different current distributions, but the differences are much smaller for electrically short lines. The results are relevant to the validity of using current injection testing to replace radiated immunity testing. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP HILL, DA (reprint author), NIST,DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 9 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 34 IS 4 BP 445 EP 450 DI 10.1109/15.179277 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA KD245 UT WOS:A1992KD24500008 ER PT J AU FENIMORE, C MARTZLOFF, FD AF FENIMORE, C MARTZLOFF, FD TI VALIDATING SURGE TEST STANDARDS BY FIELD EXPERIENCE - HIGH-ENERGY TESTS AND VARISTOR PERFORMANCE SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB New, high-energy surge tests are emerging in IEEE and IEC standards. Field experience offers a valuable criterion for validating or invalidating proposed standards. A proposal under consideration by the IEC involves so much energy that a varistor of the voltage rating commonly used in protecting load equipment, if subjected to this test, would almost certainly fail. Yet, reported varistor failure rates do not reflect such a situation. Thus, a reexamination of the premises that led to the proposed test specifications appears necessary. Proposals for high-energy tests as additional waveforms in the new version of IEEE C62.41, on the other hand, lead to current and energy levels that do not place typical varistors in immediate jeopardy. Thus, they appear more consistent with field experience. RP FENIMORE, C (reprint author), NBS,DIV ELECT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1234 EP 1241 DI 10.1109/28.175273 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA KB744 UT WOS:A1992KB74400001 ER PT J AU DOMINE, F RAVISHANKARA, AR AF DOMINE, F RAVISHANKARA, AR TI THE YIELD OF CH3S FROM THE REACTION OF OH WITH CH3SSCH3 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID DIMETHYL DISULFIDE; SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; KINETICS; RADICALS; SULFIDE; 297-K; 298-K; NO2 AB The products of the reaction of OH with CH3SSCH3 (DMDS) were investigated at 298 K using a flow tube reactor coupled to a photoionization mass spectrometer and a pulsed photolysis-pulsed laser induced fluorescence apparatus. The results from the former apparatus were semi-quantitative and showed that CH3S and CH3SOH are produced in the title reaction. The latter apparatus was used to quantify the yield of CH3S in the title reaction. The measured yield was 0.28 +/- 0.20, independent of pressure and buffer gas, suggesting that products other than CH3S and CH3SOH are also important in this reaction. The quoted uncertainty is at the 95% confidence level and includes estimated systematic errors. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI Domine, Florent/E-8699-2011; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 24 IS 11 BP 943 EP 951 DI 10.1002/kin.550241104 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA JT526 UT WOS:A1992JT52600003 ER PT J AU TALUKDAR, RK WARREN, RF VAGHIJIANI, GL RAVISHANKARA, AR AF TALUKDAR, RK WARREN, RF VAGHIJIANI, GL RAVISHANKARA, AR TI KINETICS OF THE REACTION OF H(S-2) WITH HBR SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTODISSOCIATION; HYDROGEN; OH AB The rate constants for the reaction H + HBr --> H-2 + Br were measured between 217 and 383 K using pulsed laser photolysis of HBr and cw resonance fluorescence detection of H(2S). The temporal profiles of the product Br atoms were also monitored to obtain the rate constant at 298 K. The yield of Br from the reaction was determined to be unity. The rate coefficient as a function of temperature is given by the Arrhenius expression, k1 = (2.96 +/- 0.44) X 10(-11) exp(-(460 +/- 40)/T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1. The quoted errors are at the 95% confidence level and include estimated systematic errors. Our results are compared with those from previous direct measurements. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/G-4530-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 OI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/0000-0001-6017-8431; NR 17 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 24 IS 11 BP 973 EP 982 DI 10.1002/kin.550241107 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA JT526 UT WOS:A1992JT52600006 ER PT J AU GOODWIN, ARH DEFIBAUGH, DR MORRISON, G WEBER, LA AF GOODWIN, ARH DEFIBAUGH, DR MORRISON, G WEBER, LA TI THE VAPOR-PRESSURE OF 1,1-DICHLORO-2,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE (R123) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE 1, 1-DICHLORO-2, 2, 2-TRIFLUOROETHANE; EBULLIOMETRY; R123; REFRIGERANT; VAPOR PRESSURE ID ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS; SURFACE-TENSION; TEMPERATURE; 1,1-DICHLORO-2,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE; 1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE; DENSITIES; R134A AB The vapor pressure of 1, 1-dichloro-2, 2, 2-trifluoroethane (R123) has been measured at temperatures between 256.4 and 453.8 K by ebulliometric and static techniques. These results have been combined to obtain a correlation for the vapor pressure from 256.4 K to the critical temperature. RP GOODWIN, ARH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 40 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 13 IS 6 BP 999 EP 1009 DI 10.1007/BF01141211 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA KB736 UT WOS:A1992KB73600005 ER PT J AU WEBER, LA AF WEBER, LA TI MEASUREMENTS OF THE VIRIAL-COEFFICIENTS AND EQUATION OF STATE OF THE CARBON-DIOXIDE + ETHANE SYSTEM IN THE SUPERCRITICAL REGION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE CARBON DIOXIDE; DENSITIES; EQUATION OF STATE; ETHANE; P-RHO-T; MIXTURES; VIRIAL COEFFICIENTS ID PHASE PVT-DATA; VAPOR-PRESSURES; MIXTURES; SYSTEMS; ETHANE AB Gas-phase densities of the system carbon dioxide + ethane were measured with a Burnett apparatus at 320 K and at pressures up to approximately 10 MPa. Measurements were made on systems having carbon dioxide mole fractions of 0, 0.25166, 0.49245, 0.73978, and 1. Second and third virial coefficients were determined for each composition, and the cross virial coefficients were calculated. Comparisons were made with other recent high-quality measurements on this system. For each mixture composition PrhoT measurements were made on five isochores having densities within +/-30% of the critical density. Temperatures varied from 288 to 320 K. The two-phase boundary was determined and estimates are given for T(c) and P(c) for each composition. RP WEBER, LA (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1011 EP 1032 DI 10.1007/BF01141212 PG 22 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA KB736 UT WOS:A1992KB73600006 ER PT J AU YOUNGLOVE, BA FREDERICK, NV AF YOUNGLOVE, BA FREDERICK, NV TI SPEED-OF-SOUND MEASUREMENTS IN LIQUID AND GASEOUS AIR SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE AIR; CYLINDRICAL RESONATOR; ISOTHERMS; LIQUEFIED AIR; SOUND VELOCITY; TIME-OF-FLIGHT TECHNIQUE ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTY FORMULATION AB The speed of sound in air has been measured along isotherms for a "standard air" mixture (0.7811 N2 + 0.2097 O2 + 0.0092 Ar) in the gas and liquid phases at pressures to 14 MPa. A cylindrical resonator was used in the vapor and supercritical gas phases, and a time-of-flight system was used for measurements of the liquid phase. Data were obtained for the liquid phase at 90, 100, 110, 120, and 130 K. Data were taken at 110, 120, 130, 135, 140, 150, 200, and 300 K in the vapor and supercritical gas phases. These experimental results were compared to a predictive computer model, namely, AIRPROPS. RP YOUNGLOVE, BA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV THERMOPHYS,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1033 EP 1041 DI 10.1007/BF01141213 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA KB736 UT WOS:A1992KB73600007 ER PT J AU DEBOER, J DUINKER, JC CALDER, JA VANDERMEER, J AF DEBOER, J DUINKER, JC CALDER, JA VANDERMEER, J TI INTERLABORATORY STUDY ON THE ANALYSIS OF CHLOROBIPHENYL CONGENERS SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID MULTIDIMENSIONAL GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TECHNICAL SAMPLES; INTERFERENCE; COLUMN AB An intercomparison exercise on the determination of individual chlorobiphenyls (CBs) in marine media was organized by the International Council for Exploration of the Sea, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, and the Oslo and Paris Commissions. Sixty-two laboratories from 16 countries participated in the first part of this exercise, which consisted of determining 10 CBs in a standard solution. Considerable emphasis was placed on optimization of the gas chromatographic analysis, which has led to better agreement than former intercalibration exercises on CB analysis. Standard errors of 1.10-1.12 for the reproducibility were obtained for all CBs, except CB 52 for a group of 47 laboratories. It was demonstrated that the linear range of the electron capture detector was restricted to a factor of 5 in the concentration range 15-750 pg. About half of the participants used calibration solutions with CB concentrations outside the linear range. More than half of the participants had difficulties in separating the peaks of CB 28 and CB 31. Results based on peak heights showed better reproducibility than results based on peak areas. C1 UNIV KIEL,INST MEERESKUNDE,W-2300 KIEL 1,GERMANY. NOAA,OFF OCEAN & ATMOSPHER RES,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. NETHERLANDS INST SEA RES,1790 AB DEN BURG,NETHERLANDS. RP DEBOER, J (reprint author), NETHERLANDS INST FISHERIES RES,POB 68,1970 AB IJMUIDEN,NETHERLANDS. RI van der Meer, Jaap/C-6687-2011; de Boer, Jacob/L-5094-2013 OI de Boer, Jacob/0000-0001-6949-4828 NR 23 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1054 EP 1062 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JZ460 UT WOS:A1992JZ46000018 ER PT J AU BANTA, RM OLIVIER, LD HOLLOWAY, ET KROPFLI, RA BARTRAM, BW CUPP, RE POST, MJ AF BANTA, RM OLIVIER, LD HOLLOWAY, ET KROPFLI, RA BARTRAM, BW CUPP, RE POST, MJ TI SMOKE-COLUMN OBSERVATIONS FROM 2 FOREST-FIRES USING DOPPLER LIDAR AND DOPPLER RADAR SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VORTICES AB To demonstrate the usefulness of active remote-sensing systems in observing forest fire plume behavior, we studied two fires, one using a 3.2-cm-wavelength Doppler radar, and one more extensively, using Doppler lidar. Both instruments observed the kinematics of the convection column, including the presence of two different types of rotation in the columns, and monitored the behavior of the smoke plume. The first fire, a forest fire that burned out of control, was observed by the Doppler radar during late-morning and afternoon hours. Strong horizontal ambient winds produced a bent-over convection column, which the radar observed to have strong horizontal flow at its edges and weaker flow along the centerline of the plume. This velocity pattern implies that the column consisted of a pair of counterrotating horizontal vortices (rolls), with rising motion along the centerline and sinking along the edges. The radar tracked the smoke plume for over 30 km. It also provided circular depolarization ratio measurements, which gave information that the scattering particles were mostly flat or needle shaped as viewed by the radar, perhaps pine needles or possibly flat ash platelets being viewed edge on. The second fire, observed over a 5-h period by Doppler lidar, was a prescribed forest fire ignited in the afternoon. During the first hour of the fire the lidar observed many kinematic quantities of the convection column, including flow convergence and anticyclonic whole-column rotation of the nearly vertical column, with a vorticity of approximately 10(-2) s-1 and an estimated peak vertical velocity w of 15 m s-1. After the first hour ambient meteorological conditions changed, the whole-column rotation ceased, and the convection column and smoke plume bent over toward the lidar in stronger horizontal flow. At two times during this later stage, w was estimated to be 24 and 10 m s-1. Lidar observations show that the smoke plume of this second fire initially went straight up in the convection column to heights of over 2 km, so most of the smoke was injected into the atmosphere above the unstable, afternoon, convective boundary layer or mixed layer. Later, as the horizontal winds increased, a larger fraction of the smoke remained in the mixed layer. Finally, very late in the afternoon, after ignitions had ceased and the fire was smoldering, almost all of the smoke remained within the mixed layer. These analyses show that lidar and radar can provide valuable three-dimensional datasets on kinematic quantities and smoke distribution in the vicinity of fires. This kind of information should be of great value in understanding and modeling convection-column dynamics and smoke-plume behavior. RP BANTA, RM (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,R-E-WP2,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Darby, Lisa/A-8037-2009; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008 OI Darby, Lisa/0000-0003-1271-0643; NR 39 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 31 IS 11 BP 1328 EP 1349 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<1328:SCOFTF>2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JV728 UT WOS:A1992JV72800008 ER PT J AU DICKENS, B BALIZER, E DEREGGI, AS ROTH, SC AF DICKENS, B BALIZER, E DEREGGI, AS ROTH, SC TI HYSTERESIS MEASUREMENTS OF REMANENT POLARIZATION AND COERCIVE FIELD IN POLYMERS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE; SPACE-CHARGE; TRIFLUOROETHYLENE; NYLON-11 AB An experimental method is described which allows estimation of remanent polarization and coercive field without assuming functional forms for the capacitive and electrical resistance terms. The method can be used to measure polarization in specimens with voltage-dependent conductivity (often arising from the presence of ions in the specimens), voltage-dependent capacitance, and significant amounts of space charge. It consists of. (1) performing bipolar current/voltage hysteresis loops to allow a steady state of remanent polarization and space charge to build up in the specimen, and (2) following a bipolar loop with two or more unipolar loops in which the polarization changes in the first unipolar loop. Both sinusoidal and linear time-dependent applied voltages may be used. Automatic data processing of hysteresis loops is described for cases in which specimen behavior may be considered to be ideal. RP DICKENS, B (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 15 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 72 IS 9 BP 4258 EP 4264 DI 10.1063/1.352213 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA JW937 UT WOS:A1992JW93700060 ER PT J AU MCILROY, A NESBITT, DJ AF MCILROY, A NESBITT, DJ TI INTERMOLECULAR HF MOTION IN ARNHF MICROMATRICES (N=1,2,3,4) - CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM CALCULATIONS ON A PAIRWISE ADDITIVE POTENTIAL SURFACE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; ROTATIONAL SPECTRA; SMALL CLUSTERS; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; INTRAMOLECULAR DYNAMICS; VANDERWAALS MOLECULES; LINE-SHAPES; AR-HCL; COMPLEXES AB The availability of pairwise additive "two-body" potentials for van der Waals systems from near-IR, far-IR and microwave data permits detailed prediction of librational behavior for isolated HF chromophores solvated by successive numbers of rare gas Ar atoms, This paper describes theoretical calculations of ArnHF equilibrium structures and intermolecular HF vibrational frequencies based on an ArnHF "two-body" potential energy surface developed from previously determined Ar-Ar and Ar-HF potentials. Isomeric structures are predicted from local minima on these multidimensional surfaces, and are found to be in excellent qualitative agreement with near-IR observations of ArnHF clusters with n = 1,2,3, and 4 Ar atoms. Quantum mechanical calculations are performed for the HF librational and van der Waals stretching modes against a rigid Ar, frame. These pairwise additive potentials predict a strongly increasing angular anisotropy for the HF bending coordinate with number of Ar atoms (for small n), and provide predictions of HF intermolecular van der Waals bend and stretch vibrational frequencies. Fourier transform (FT)-microwave and near-IR data, on the other hand, demonstrate only a minor dependence of the anisotropy on n; this suggests the pairwise additive potentials may systematically overestimate the angular anisotropy for HF bending. Selected cuts through these potential surfaces indicate significant coupling between the Ar(n)-HF stretch, Ar-Ar stretch, and Ar-Ar bending vibrations. This strong vibrational coupling indicates that a full quantum treatment of all intermolecular coordinates may be required in order to make quantitative comparison with van der Waals vibrational data. In the limit of sufficient Ar atoms to fill the first coordination sphere around the HF, the calculations indicate a nearly perfect cancellation of angular anisotropy for HF librational motion, consistent with the nearly free internal rotation of the HF observed in cryogenic Ar matrices. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 46 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 97 IS 9 BP 6044 EP 6056 DI 10.1063/1.463715 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA JX295 UT WOS:A1992JX29500011 ER PT J AU SHIBAYAMA, M TANAKA, T HAN, CC AF SHIBAYAMA, M TANAKA, T HAN, CC TI SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDY ON POLY(N-ISOPROPYL ACRYLAMIDE) GELS NEAR THEIR VOLUME-PHASE TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC OBSERVATIONS; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; LIGHT-SCATTERING; KINETICS; SYSTEM; DEUTERATION; SEPARATION; NETWORKS AB The small angle neutron scattering experiments were conducted on N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPA) gels in D2O and on the corresponding NIPA solutions. The NIPA gels underwent a sharp, but a continuous volume phase transition at 34.6-degrees-C from a swollen state to a shrunken state with increasing temperature. In the case of the gels, an excess scattering due to the presence of crosslinks was observed at low q region (q < 0.02 angstrom-1 ), where q is the magnitude of the scattering vector. The scattered intensity function for the gel was well described with a combination of Gauss and Lorentz-type functions, i.e., I (q) = IG(0) exp[-XI2q2] + [I(L)(0)/(1 + xi2q2)] as proposed by Geissler et al. IG(0) and I(L)(0) are the intensities at q = 0 for the contributions of Gaussian and Lorentzian functions, respectively. The Gaussian part results from solidlike inhomogeneity, having a characteristic size of xi, which is due to the introduction of crosslinks into the system. The Lorentzian part is originated from the liquid nature of the local concentration fluctuations of the gel characterized with a thermal blob of dimension xi. XI decreases systematically with polymer volume fraction, phi, indicating the nature of XI being the solidlike inhomogeneity. On the other hand, the intensity function for solutions was well fitted with the so-called Ornstein-Zernike (OZ) equation (a Lorentzian function), i.e., I(q) = [I(L)(0)/(l + xi2q2)]. It was found that both xi and I(L)(0) diverged at the spinodal temperature, T(s). The critical exponents, nu and gamma, for the temperature dependence of xi and I(L)(0), were estimated to be approximately 0.60 and 1.2 for the gel, respectively, which were larger than the values for the solution of the same polymers (nu = 0.45 and gamma = 0.8). These critical exponents for the gels support that the volume-phase transition of gels is classified to the three dimensional Ising model reported by Li and Tanaka. The concentration dependence of xi and I(L)(0) was also well described with a power law relationship, i.e., xi approximately phi(nuphi) and I(L)(0) approximately phi(gammaphi). The values of nu(phi) and gamma(phi) at 23-degrees-C are -3/4 and approximately -1/4, respectively, for the NIPA solutions, which are in good agreement with the theoretical prediction for polymer solutions in a good solvent. In the case of the NIPA gels, however, both nu(phi) and gamma(phi) are approximately -1. These exponents were interpreted by taking account of the effects of crosslinking on the Flory's interaction parameter. C1 MIT, DEPT PHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. MIT, CTR MAT SCI & ENGN, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. NBS, DIV POLYMERS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. KYOTO INST TECHNOL, DEPT POLYMER SCI & ENGN, KYOTO 606, JAPAN. RI Shibayama, Mitsuhiro/E-1646-2015 OI Shibayama, Mitsuhiro/0000-0002-8683-5070 NR 35 TC 287 Z9 288 U1 9 U2 73 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 97 IS 9 BP 6829 EP 6841 DI 10.1063/1.463636 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA JX295 UT WOS:A1992JX29500095 ER PT J AU SHIBAYAMA, M TANAKA, T HAN, CC AF SHIBAYAMA, M TANAKA, T HAN, CC TI SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDY ON WEAKLY CHARGED TEMPERATURE SENSITIVE POLYMER GELS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC OBSERVATIONS; MICROPHASE SEPARATION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ORDERED STRUCTURE; DILUTE-SOLUTIONS; ELECTROLYTES; FLUCTUATIONS; COLLAPSE; NETWORKS AB The static structure factor for poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (NIPA/AAc) gels was investigated in terms of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The NIPA/AAc gels underwent a discrete volume phase transition at 50.8-degrees-C from swollen to shrunken states as temperature increased. The static structure factors for NIPA/AAc gels were well described by a Lorentz-type scattered intensity function at temperatures below 34-degrees-C which was near the so-called theta temperature of NIPA in D2O. At higher temperatures, the static structure factor had a distinct scattering maximum although the gel was still in the highly swollen state. The scattering maximum was located around 1 = 0.02 angstrom and was temperature and concentration dependent, where q is the magnitude of the scattering vector. The appearance of the peak indicates the strong concentration fluctuations.that created polymer rich and poor regions in the system. The contrast in the concentrations appeared to result from the competing interactions in the network, i.e., the electrostatic repulsive interaction between AAc segments on the network and the hydrophobic attractive interaction among NIPA segments. The static structure factors were analyzed quantitatively with the theory of Borue and Erukhimovich for polyelectrolyte solutions in a poor solvent. It is found that the concentration fluctuations lead to a microphase separation between polymer rich and poor domains before the system undergoes the volume-phase transition. C1 MIT,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. MIT,CTR MAT SCI & ENGN,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. NBS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. KYOTO INST TECHNOL,DEPT POLYMER SCI & ENGN,KYOTO 606,JAPAN. RI Shibayama, Mitsuhiro/E-1646-2015 OI Shibayama, Mitsuhiro/0000-0002-8683-5070 NR 36 TC 185 Z9 186 U1 5 U2 40 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 97 IS 9 BP 6842 EP 6854 DI 10.1063/1.463637 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA JX295 UT WOS:A1992JX29500096 ER PT J AU ALSTRIN, AL SMILGYS, RV STRUPP, PG LEONE, SR AF ALSTRIN, AL SMILGYS, RV STRUPP, PG LEONE, SR TI VIBRATIONAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF AS2 IN THE CRACKING OF AS4 ON SI(100) AND SI(111) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ARSENIC-TERMINATED SI(111); GAAS; SURFACE; KINETICS; GROWTH; SI AB The desorption dynamics of arsenic from Si (100) and Si (111) are studied by measuring the vibrational population distributions of desorbed AS2 using laser-induced fluorescence. In these measurements a steady state flux of desorbing AS2 is produced by continuously dosing a heated Si surface with a beam of AS4 from a conventional molecular beam epitaxy oven. Measurements of the fluxes of AS2 as a function of surface temperature suggest that the AS2 may be kinetically formed in two distinct steps: The AS4 first chemisorbs to form atoms on the surface which then recombine to desorb as dimers. However, there may also be direct dissociation of AS4 at the hot surface. The vibrational populations of AS2 (v" = 0-3) desorbed from Si(100) are Boltzmann and indicate a vibrational temperature T(v) that is nearly 350 K lower than the surface temperature T(s) (T(v) = 790 +/- 100 K vs T(s) = 1140 K). The vibrational populations of AS2 desorbed from Si (111) are not Boltzmann, but have an effective vibrational temperature 400 K colder than the surface (T(v) = 730 +/- 100 K vs T(s) = 1140 K). The observed lack of accommodation in the desorption from both surfaces is discussed in terms of the possible mechanisms. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP ALSTRIN, AL (reprint author), NBS,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 97 IS 9 BP 6864 EP 6870 DI 10.1063/1.463639 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA JX295 UT WOS:A1992JX29500098 ER PT J AU PAPANIKOLAS, JM VORSA, V NADAL, ME CAMPAGNOLA, PJ GORD, JR LINEBERGER, WC AF PAPANIKOLAS, JM VORSA, V NADAL, ME CAMPAGNOLA, PJ GORD, JR LINEBERGER, WC TI I-2(-) PHOTOFRAGMENTATION RECOMBINATION DYNAMICS IN SIZE-SELECTED I2-(CO2)N CLUSTER IONS - OBSERVATION OF COHERENT I...I- VIBRATIONAL MOTION SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID PHOTODISSOCIATION; SPECTROSCOPY C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP PAPANIKOLAS, JM (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 20 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 97 IS 9 BP 7002 EP 7005 DI 10.1063/1.463206 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA JX295 UT WOS:A1992JX29500115 ER PT J AU BROCCOLI, AJ MANABE, S AF BROCCOLI, AJ MANABE, S TI THE EFFECTS OF OROGRAPHY ON MIDLATITUDE NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE DRY CLIMATES SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID LATE CENOZOIC UPLIFT; GRAVITY-WAVE DRAG; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; SOUTHERN ASIA; AMERICAN WEST; ATMOSPHERIC VARIABILITY; WINTERTIME CIRCULATION; NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS; SPECTRAL MODEL; SIMULATION AB The role of mountains in maintaining extensive midlatitude arid regions in the Northern Hemisphere was investigated using simulations from the GFDL Global Climate Model with and without orography. In the integration with mountains, dry climates were simulated over central Asia and the interior of North America, in good agreement with the observed climate. In contrast, moist climates were simulated in the same regions in the integration without mountains. During all seasons but summer, large amplitude stationary waves occur in response to the Tibetan Plateau and Rocky Mountains. The midlatitude dry regions are located upstream of the troughs of these waves, where general subsidence and relatively infrequent storm development occur and precipitation is thus inhibited. In summer, this mechanism contributes to the dryness of interior North America as a stationary wave trough remains east of the Rockies, but is not effective in Eurasia due to seasonal changes in the atmospheric circulation. The dryness of interior Eurasia in summer results, in part, from the south Asian monsoon circulation induced by the Tibetan Plateau. Its rising branch is centered above the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, and its salient features are a cyclonic flow at tow levels (the ''south Asian low'') and an anticyclonic flow in the upper troposphere. This circulation is associated with a northward displacement of the storm track and a flow of relatively dry, subsiding air across much of central Asia. In addition, land surface-atmosphere feedback contributes to the dryness of all midlatitude dry regions. Although the effect of this feedback is small in winter, it is responsible for more than half of the reduction in summer precipitation. Orography also substantially reduces the moisture transport across the continental interiors. The results from this experiment suggest that midlatitude dryness is largely due to the existence of orography. This is an alternative to the traditional explanation that distance from oceanic moisture sources, accentuated locally by the presence of mountain barriers upwind, is the major cause of midlatitude dry regions. Paleoclimatic evidence of less aridity during the late Tertiary, before substantial uplift of the Rocky Mountains and Tibetan Plateau is believed to have occurred, supports this possibility. RP BROCCOLI, AJ (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. RI Broccoli, Anthony/D-9186-2014 OI Broccoli, Anthony/0000-0003-2619-1434 NR 38 TC 205 Z9 233 U1 6 U2 48 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 5 IS 11 BP 1181 EP 1201 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005<1181:TEOOOM>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KX292 UT WOS:A1992KX29200001 ER PT J AU TOTH, Z AF TOTH, Z TI QUASI-STATIONARY AND TRANSIENT PERIODS IN THE NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE CIRCULATION SERIES SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID WEATHER REGIMES; WINTERTIME CIRCULATION; PERSISTENT ANOMALIES; STORM TRACKS; HEIGHT FIELD; LIFE-CYCLES; FREQUENCY; VARIABILITY; PATTERNS AB In this paper, persistence characteristics of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) extratropical circulation have been studied. A simple method, based on the speed with which the atmosphere moves in the phase space (PSS, measured by 2-day lag distances), was adopted to partition the circulation data series into 5-day or longer quasi-stationary periods (QSP) and alternating transition periods (TP). The method is based on the assumptions that large-scale circulation regimes often develop abruptly and that during their development transient activity is either unchanged or enhanced. The partitioning results reveal that a whole cycle of QSP and TP on the hemisphere has an average duration of 20 days with considerable amount of variability. The average length of a QSP-TP cycle is not sensitive to changes of a relatively wide range in the PSS limit value employed in the method. In this range of limit values, the average length of the cycle changes less than 17%, while the ratio between the length of QSP and TP increases dramatically from 0.73 to 4.42. The partitioning results are statistically very similar for three complementary sectors of the hemisphere. However, we found very little synchronicity in the changes in the three sectors. The correlation between changes in any of the three sectors and on the whole hemisphere is at a much higher level, around 0.75. Although the length of the cycle on height values at individual grid points is in the range we can expect from a red-noise process, this cycle length is considerably (20%) shorter than that in a larger region or on the whole hemisphere. This is an indication that the persistence characteristics of larger-scale circulation, due to spatial interactions, show more persistence than, and cannot be well modeled by, a simple autoregressive process. Statistical tests indicate that the hemispheric QSPs are largely temporally uncorrelated and cannot be results of a random partitioning method. All these results suggest that the basic assumption about the regime-like behavior of the atmosphere is at least partially true: large-scale regime changes are indeed accompanied with higher speed of changes in the circulation phase space. Further evidence is presented that the circulation patterns in the phase space are distributed as a multivariate normal distribution in a phase-average sense (i.e., as a function of distance from the mean). Hence, the characteristic distance between neighboring circulation patterns is smaller close to the climate mean than farther away from it. As a consequence that had to be considered in this study the day-to-day changes in the circulation (an inverse measure of persistence) are also smaller close to the climate mean. It is also argued that phase-average multinormality is the primary characteristic of the distribution of circulation patterns in the phase space and any secondary characteristic (local density maximum) should be searched for and interpreted in this context. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015 OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 5 IS 11 BP 1235 EP 1247 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005<1235:QSATPI>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KX292 UT WOS:A1992KX29200003 ER PT J AU MO, KC AF MO, KC TI IMPACT OF SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES ON THE SKILL OF SEASONAL FORECASTS AND NORTHERN SUMMER MONSOONS SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; PREDICTABILITY; CIRCULATION; MODEL; RAINFALL AB Two sets of experiments were performed. The first set, denoted SSTA, consisted of 90-day forecasts with sea surface temperature anomalies updated with observed values daily during the entire integration. For the summers 1987 and 1988, three SSTA experiments were made using three different initial conditions centered on 1 June of that year, separated by 1 day. The second set of experiments, denoted CSST, used the same initial conditions as the first set, but the integrations were performed using climatological SSTs. All numerical experiments were done using the NMC T80 spectral model of 1990, which is the same model used in making operational medium-range forecasts. Simulated seasonal ensemble-mean rainfall was compared with satellite estimates of precipitation and observed station rainfall data. Overall agreement between them is good. Two centers of maximum rainfall, over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, are captured by the model, but it fails to capture the movement of the rainfall associated with the Indian monsoon. The model is able to simulate the interannual variability of rain in India and over the Sahel, although the simulated convection in the central Pacific associated with the 1987 warm episode is not realistic. When the model is able to simulate the convection associated with the SSTAs, then the updated SSTs have a large positive impact on tropical seasonal forecasts. The impact on the extratropical forecasts is, in general, positive but small. RP MO, KC (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NMC,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,DIAGNOST BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 5 IS 11 BP 1249 EP 1266 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005<1249:IOSSTA>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KX292 UT WOS:A1992KX29200004 ER PT J AU BARNSTON, AG ROPELEWSKI, CF AF BARNSTON, AG ROPELEWSKI, CF TI PREDICTION OF ENSO EPISODES USING CANONICAL CORRELATION-ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; STATISTICAL-MODELS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; LEVEL PRESSURE; CLIMATE; PREDICTABILITY; PRECIPITATION AB Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is explored as a multivariate linear statistical methodology with which to forecast fluctuations of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in real time. CCA is capable of identifying critical sequences of predictor patterns that tend to evolve into subsequent patterns that can be used to form a forecast. The CCA model is used to forecast the 3-month mean sea surface temperature (SST) in several regions of the tropical Pacific and Indian oceans for projection times of 0 to 4 seasons beyond the immediately forthcoming season. The predictor variables, representing the climate situation in the four consecutive 3-month periods ending at the time of the forecast, are 1) quasi-global seasonal mean sea level pressure (SLP) and 2) SST in the predictand regions themselves. Forecast skill is estimated using cross-validation, and persistence is used as the primary skill control measure. Results indicate that a large region in the eastern equatorial Pacific (120-degrees-170-degrees-W longitude) has the highest overall predictability, with excellent skill realized for winter forecasts made at the end of summer. CCA outperforms persistence in this region under most conditions, and does noticeably better with the SST included as a predictor in addition to the SLP. It is demonstrated that better forecast performance at the longer lead times would be obtained if some significantly earlier (i.e., up to 4 years) predictor data were included, because the ability to predict the lower-frequency ENSO phase changes would increase. The good performance of the current system at shorter lead times appears to be based largely on the ability to predict ENSO evolution for events already in progress. The forecasting of the eastern tropical Pacific SST using CCA is now done routinely on a monthly basis for a 0-, 1-, and 2-season lead at the Climate Analysis Center. Further refinements, and expected associated increases in skill, are planned for the coming several years. RP BARNSTON, AG (reprint author), NWS,NMC,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,W NMC51,WWB ROOM 604,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 57 TC 173 Z9 177 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 5 IS 11 BP 1316 EP 1345 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005<1316:POEEUC>2.0.CO;2 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KX292 UT WOS:A1992KX29200008 ER PT J AU STONE, RP OCLAIR, CE SHIRLEY, TC AF STONE, RP OCLAIR, CE SHIRLEY, TC TI SEASONAL MIGRATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF FEMALE RED KING CRABS IN A SOUTHEAST ALASKAN ESTUARY SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; MOVEMENTS; LOBSTERS AB Seasonal movements and distribution of primiparous and multiparous red king crabs (Paralithodes camtschaticus) were monitored with ultrasonic biotelemetry approximately weekly for 1 year in Auke Bay, Alaska. Migration was associated with life-history events and may have occurred in response to spatial and temporal variations in environmental conditions and resources. All crabs displayed distinct shifts in depth and habitat use and followed a general pattern of seasonal movement as follows: (1) gradual movement to deep water in spring after mating and egg extrusion, and residence there through early November; (2) abrupt, synchronous movement into shallow-water areas in November, and residence there, through late February or early March; and (3) gradual, synchronous movement to intermediate depths followed by movement into shallow water to molt and mate between late March and late May. The behavior of primiparous crabs was more variable than that of multiparous crabs. The differences in behavior may result from ontogenetic shifts in movements, and habitat selection. The annual range of primiparous crabs (xBAR = 11.9 km2) exceeded that of multiparous crabs (xBAR = 3.6 km2). Mean depth was directly correlated with photoperiod, and the sudden, synchronous movement of crabs between habitats coincided with thermohaline mixing. Females displayed a highly aggregated distribution, especially during winter in shallow water, where podding behavior of adult crabs was documented for the first time. C1 NOAA,NW & ALASKA FISHERIES CTR,AUKE BAY LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. RP STONE, RP (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,JUNEAU CTR FISHERIES & OCEAN SCI,11120 GLACIER HIGHWAY,JUNEAU,AK 99801, USA. NR 64 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 12 IS 4 BP 546 EP 560 DI 10.2307/1548836 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JX855 UT WOS:A1992JX85500003 ER PT J AU PARANJPYE, RN PELROY, GA PETERSON, ME POYSKY, FT HOLLAND, PJ LASHBROOK, LC EKLUND, MW AF PARANJPYE, RN PELROY, GA PETERSON, ME POYSKY, FT HOLLAND, PJ LASHBROOK, LC EKLUND, MW TI COMPARISON OF SELECTIVE DIRECT PLATING MEDIA FOR ENUMERATION AND RECOVERY OF L-MONOCYTOGENES FROM COLD-PROCESS (SMOKED) FISH SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Note ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; FOODS; ENRICHMENT; CHLORIDE; PRODUCTS; POULTRY; SEAFOOD AB Three selective media were evaluated for direct plating recovery and enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes in the presence of high levels of a variety of microorganisms occurring on cold-process (smoked) salmon products. Sliced salmon was brined to contain either no added salt, 3, or 5% water-phase NaCl, or 3 or 5% NaCl plus 140 ppm NaNO2. The slices were packaged in oxygen-permeable film or sealed under vacuum in oxygen-impermeable film, and stored at 10-degrees-C or 5-degrees-C until total microbial loads reached 10(6) to 10(9) CFU/g. Oxford formulation of Listeria selective agar and Lee's modification of Listeria selective agar achieved quantitative recovery of 10(2) cells per ml of L. monocytogenes strain Scott A in the presence of diluted slurries of these fish containing 10(4) to 10(8) CFU/ml of background organisms. A modification of lithium chloride-phenylethanol-moxalactam agar containing an iron-esculin indicator system sometimes failed because of interfering growth by the background microflora. RP PARANJPYE, RN (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,NOAA,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV UTILIZAT RES,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 55 IS 11 BP 905 EP 909 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA JY442 UT WOS:A1992JY44200012 ER PT J AU BURKHART, GR DRAKE, JF DUSENBERY, PB SPEISER, TW AF BURKHART, GR DRAKE, JF DUSENBERY, PB SPEISER, TW TI ION TEARING IN A MAGNETOTAIL CONFIGURATION WITH AN EMBEDDED THIN CURRENT SHEET SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAXWELLIAN NEUTRAL-SHEET; SUBSTORM GROWTH-PHASE; FIELD REVERSALS; PARTICLE ORBITS; PLASMA SHEET; COLLISIONLESS; INSTABILITY; ONSET; MODE; MECHANISM AB The ion tearing instability is investigated in a magnetotail configuration that consists of a diffuse plasma sheet current and an embedded, thin current sheet with a strong current. For historical reasons, the thin embedded current sheet will be called a "neutral sheet", even though the normal component of the magnetic field, B(n), is nonzero. In particular, we assume that the current within the thin current sheet is due to the acceleration of "Speiserlike' ion trajectories by a cross-tail electric field E(y). It is found that the strong current within the neutral sheet is essentially unimportant to the growth rate of the tearing instability, and that the growth rate scales as (lambda0/L(z))2, where L(z) is the overall half thickness of the plasma sheet, lambda0 is the ion inertial length, c/omega(pi), and omega(pi) is the ion plasma frequency at the neutral sheet edge. In the absence of the current outside the neutral sheet, current filamentation is stable. C1 NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV MARYLAND,INST PHYS SCI & TECHNOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,PLASMA RES LAB,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP BURKHART, GR (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,CAMPUX BOX 391,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 37 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 97 IS A11 BP 16749 EP 16756 DI 10.1029/92JA01523 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA JX753 UT WOS:A1992JX75300001 ER PT J AU LEDBETTER, H AF LEDBETTER, H TI ELASTIC-CONSTANTS OF POLYCRYSTALLINE Y1BA2CU3OX SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Note ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LA2CUO4; COMPRESSIBILITY; SUPERCONDUCTOR; YBA2CU3OX; MODULI AB We measured the elastic constants of polycrystalline Y1Ba2Cu3Ox with eleven oxygen contents varying from 6.2 to 6.9. Reported properties include sound velocities; bulk, shear, Young's moduli; Poisson ratio; Debye temperature. After correction to the void-free state, the measurements fail to show a systematic dependence on oxygen content. Focusing on the bulk modulus, all measurements fall below an ionic-crystal model prediction, by 5-50%. We attribute this macroscopic softness to either microcracks or weak grain-boundary mechanical linkages. For the case x = 6.9, we suggest a set of intrinsic elastic constants. RP LEDBETTER, H (reprint author), NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 7 IS 11 BP 2905 EP 2907 DI 10.1557/JMR.1992.2905 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA JX922 UT WOS:A1992JX92200001 ER PT J AU BALZAR, D LEDBETTER, H AF BALZAR, D LEDBETTER, H TI MICROSTRAINS AND DOMAIN SIZES IN BI-CU-O SUPERCONDUCTORS - AN X-RAY-DIFFRACTION PEAK-BROADENING STUDY SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODULATED STRUCTURE; SYMMETRY; DEFECTS; (BI RP BALZAR, D (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0261-8028 J9 J MATER SCI LETT JI J. Mater. Sci. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 11 IS 21 BP 1419 EP 1420 DI 10.1007/BF00729647 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA JW120 UT WOS:A1992JW12000010 ER PT J AU ORTIGOSO, J ESCRIBANO, R BURKHOLDER, JB LAFFERTY, WJ AF ORTIGOSO, J ESCRIBANO, R BURKHOLDER, JB LAFFERTY, WJ TI INTENSITIES AND DIPOLE-MOMENT DERIVATIVES OF THE FUNDAMENTAL BANDS OF (CLO2)-CL-35 AND AN INTENSITY ANALYSIS OF THE NU-1 BAND SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES; SPECTRUM C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP ORTIGOSO, J (reprint author), CSIC,INST ESTRUCTURA MAT,SERRANO 119,E-28006 MADRID,SPAIN. RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Escribano, Rafael/I-4599-2015; Ortigoso, Juan/F-1234-2016 OI Escribano, Rafael/0000-0002-3048-9420; NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 156 IS 1 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.1016/0022-2852(92)90095-6 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA JU536 UT WOS:A1992JU53600009 ER PT J AU CHASE, MW BERTSCH, CR SCOTT, JT AF CHASE, MW BERTSCH, CR SCOTT, JT TI LIDE,DAVID,R. - IN APPRECIATION SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Item About an Individual RP CHASE, MW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 21 IS 6 BP R3 EP R3 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA KH618 UT WOS:A1992KH61800001 ER PT J AU MCPHADEN, MJ PETERS, H AF MCPHADEN, MJ PETERS, H TI DIURNAL CYCLE OF INTERNAL WAVE VARIABILITY IN THE EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN - RESULTS FROM MOORED OBSERVATIONS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ZONAL MOMENTUM BALANCE; TURBULENCE; UNDERCURRENT AB A diurnal cycle in temperature and vertical displacement variance has been observed in the stratified region below the surface mixed layer using moored time-series data at 0-degrees, 140-degrees-W for three periods: November 1984, April 1987, and May-June 1987. The November 1984 and April 1987 periods coincided with the TROPIC HEAT and TROPIC HEAT-2 experiments, during which direct measurements of turbulent dissipation rates were made near the mooring site. In May-June 1987, a special set of moored time series were collected between 30-m and 61-m depth with 1-minute temporal resolution in addition to standard measurements at 15-minute resolution. The high-resolution data indicated the existence of a diurnal cycle in variance that was most pronounced at frequencies of 10-30 cph and that was coherent over the 3 1 -m extent of the vertical array. It is likely that this diurnal cycle in variance was due in part to internal waves remotely generated at the base of the nighttime mixed layer and that the appearance of internal waves in the thermocline at frequencies higher than the local Vaisala frequency (about 2-7 cph) in May-June 1987 was due to Doppler shifting by the Equatorial Undercurrent. It is also likely that part of the observed diurnal cycle in variance was due to local shear instabilities in the Equatorial Undercurrent that may have been triggered by the diurnally modulated internal wave field. More coarsely resolved 15-minute moored time-series data from November 1984, April 1987, and May-June 1987 indicated the presence of a diurnal cycle after averaging over at least 30 days of data. Largest diurnal ranges in temperature and vertical displacement variance were typically observed in November 1984 when wind speed, zonal wind stress, and mean vertical shear were largest and when the mean gradient Richardson number was smallest. The diurnal cycle in turbulent dissipation rate had a larger amplitude in November 1984 than in April 1987, consistent with a dynamical connection between internal wave variability and turbulence in the equatorial thermocline. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK,MARINE SCI RES CTR,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. RP MCPHADEN, MJ (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,NOAA BLDG 3,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1317 EP 1329 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1992)022<1317:DCOIWV>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA JZ297 UT WOS:A1992JZ29700007 ER PT J AU MOUM, JN MCPHADEN, MJ HEBERT, D PETERS, H PAULSON, CA CALDWELL, DR AF MOUM, JN MCPHADEN, MJ HEBERT, D PETERS, H PAULSON, CA CALDWELL, DR TI INTERNAL WAVES, DYNAMIC INSTABILITIES, AND TURBULENCE IN THE EQUATORIAL THERMOCLINE - AN INTRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Note ID UNDERCURRENT; SHEAR; OCEAN AB Appearing in this issue of the Journal of Physical Oceanography are three papers that present new observations of a distinct, narrow band, and diurnally varying signal in temperature records obtained in the low Richardson number shear flow above the core of the equatorial undercurrent Moored data suggest that the intrinsic frequency of the signal is near the local buoyancy frequency, while towed data indicate that the horizontal wavelength in the zonal direction is 150-250 m. Coincident microstructure profiling shows that this signal is associated with bursts of turbulent mixing. It seems that this narrowband signal represents the signature of instabilities that ultimately cause the turbulence observed in the equatorial thermocline. Common problems in interpreting the physics behind the signature are discussed here. C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. SUNY STONY BROOK,MARINE SCI RES CTR,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. RP MOUM, JN (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL OCEANOG,ADM BLDG 104,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. RI Moum, James/A-1880-2012; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1357 EP 1360 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1992)022<1357:IWDIAT>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA JZ297 UT WOS:A1992JZ29700010 ER PT J AU COPLEY, JRD NEUMANN, DA CAPPELLETTI, RL KAMITAKAHARA, WA AF COPLEY, JRD NEUMANN, DA CAPPELLETTI, RL KAMITAKAHARA, WA TI NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDIES OF C-60 AND ITS COMPOUNDS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE NEUTRON DIFFRACTION; NEUTRON SCATTERING; C-60; ORIENTATIONAL DISORDER; ORDER DISORDER PHASE TRANSITION; ROTATIONAL DIFFUSION; LIBRATION; INTRAMOLECULAR VIBRATIONS ID ORIENTATIONAL ORDERING TRANSITION; SOLID C60; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; VIBRATIONAL-MODES; FULLERENE; RAMAN AB We describe neutron scattering studies of the structure and dynamics of C60-fullerite. Above the order-disorder phase transition temperature, T(C), diffraction and quasielastic scattering measurements indicate that the molecules are constantly reorienting while their centers remain on a face-centered cubic lattice. Below T(C) the molecules are orientationally ordered with four molecules per unit cell. Recent diffraction results suggest that any given molecule occupies one of two possible orientations with unequal probability, and inelastic scattering measurements show that the molecules librate about their equilibrium orientations. The librational amplitude becomes large as the phase transition is approached. Pulsed source measurements yield direct information regarding the structure of the C60 molecule and also support the low temperature two-orientation model. High energy inelastic studies of undoped and alkali metal-doped buckminsterfullerene provide detailed information about intramolecular vibrational frequencies and point to the important role of specific modes in promoting superconductivity at low temperatures. C1 OHIO UNIV,CONDENSED MATTER & SURFACE SCI PROGRAM,ATHENS,OH 45701. OHIO UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,ATHENS,OH 45701. RP COPLEY, JRD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,US TECHNOL ADM,MAT SCI & ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 65 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD NOV PY 1992 VL 53 IS 11 BP 1353 EP 1371 DI 10.1016/0022-3697(92)90232-3 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA JV018 UT WOS:A1992JV01800004 ER PT J AU HAMMOUDA, B AF HAMMOUDA, B TI STRUCTURE FACTOR FOR STARBURST DENDRIMERS SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE STRUCTURE FACTOR FOR STARBURST DENDRIMER POLYMERS; STARBURST DENDRIMER POLYMERS, STRUCTURE FACTOR FOR; GELS OF STARBURST DENDRIMERS, STRUCTURE FACTOR FOR ID BEHAVIOR AB Advances in polymer synthesis have made possible the polymerization of "starburst dendrimer" gels which are grown from a central initiator core through controlled branching reactions with a constant multiplication of the number of monomeric blocks from one generation to the next. The structure factor for such dendrimers is calculated using Gaussian monomer-monomer interactions. The results are somewhat lengthy but analytical forms are obtained. RP HAMMOUDA, B (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,INST MAT SCI & ENGN,BLDG 235 E151,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 5 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1387 EP 1390 DI 10.1002/polb.1992.090301209 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA JT359 UT WOS:A1992JT35900009 ER PT J AU VANBRUNT, RJ CERNYAR, EW AF VANBRUNT, RJ CERNYAR, EW TI SYSTEM FOR MEASURING CONDITIONAL AMPLITUDE, PHASE, OR TIME DISTRIBUTIONS OF PULSATING PHENOMENA SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AMPLITUDE DISTRIBUTIONS; CONDITIONAL DISTRIBUTIONS; ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS; MEMORY PROPAGATION; MULTICHANNEL ANALYZER; PARTIAL DISCHARGES; PHASE DISTRIBUTIONS; PULSATING PHENOMENA; STOCHASTIC ANALYZER; TIME SEPARATION DISTRIBUTIONS; TRICHEL PULSES ID PARTIAL DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT; TRICHEL-PULSE CORONA; STOCHASTIC PROPERTIES; COMPUTER; DEGRADATION; INSULATORS; BEHAVIOR; SF6 AB A detailed description is given of an electronic stochastic analyzer for use with direct ''real-time'' measurements of the conditional distributions needed for a complete stochastic characterization of pulsating phenomena that can be represented as random point processes. The measurement system described here is designed to reveal and quantify effects of pulse-to-pulse or phase-to-phase memory propagation. The unraveling of memory effects is required so that the physical basis for observed statistical properties of pulsating phenomena can be understood. The individual unique circuit components that comprise the system and the combinations of these components for various measurements, are thoroughly documented. The system has been applied to the measurement of pulsating partial discharges generated by applying alternating or constant voltage to a discharge pp. Examples are shown of data obtained for conditional and unconditional amplitude, time interval, and phase-of-occurrence distributions of partial-discharge pulses. The results unequivocally show the existence of significant memory effects as indicated, for example, by the observations that the most probable amplitudes and phases-of-occurrence of discharge pulses depend on the amplitudes and/or phases of the preceding pulses. Sources of error and fundamental limitations of the present measurement approach are analyzed. Possible extensions of the method arc also discussed. RP VANBRUNT, RJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV ELECT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 97 IS 6 BP 635 EP 672 DI 10.6028/jres.097.030 PG 38 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA KJ747 UT WOS:A1992KJ74700001 PM 28053450 ER PT J AU REBULDELA, G JARGON, JA AF REBULDELA, G JARGON, JA TI HIGH-POWER CW WATTMETER CALIBRATION AT NIST SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AUTOMATED; CALIBRATION; CASCADED; CONTINUOUS WAVE; COUPLER; HIGH POWER; MEASUREMENT; TRANSFER; UNCERTAINTY; WATTMETER AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology has established a measurement capability to support high power systems and devices. The automated wattmeter calibration system operates at power levels of 1 to 1000 W for frequencies from 1 to 30 MHz and 1 to 500 W from 30 to 400 MHz. A cascaded coupler technique is used to extend power measurements to high levels which are traceable to a 10 mW standard thermistor mount. This technique uses an arrangement of nominal 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 dB couplers with sidearm power meters. The initial step transfers the calibration of the 10 mW standard to the 10 dB coupler/power meter. The standard is then replaced with a wattmeter to be calibrated. RF power is increased 10 dB and the calibration is transferred to the adjacent 20 dB coupler/power meter. This sequence is repeated with the remaining coupler/power meters until the wattmeter is calibrated at the desired power levels and frequencies. Power ratios calculated from simultaneous power measurements made at each transfer are used to calculate the incident power at the wattmeter. Due to nonideal components, corrections are made for nonlinearities, mismatch, and other errors. Two types of wattmeters have been evaluated at selected frequencies and power levels. Total uncertainties are based on the random and systematic components. RP REBULDELA, G (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 97 IS 6 BP 673 EP 687 DI 10.6028/jres.097.031 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA KJ747 UT WOS:A1992KJ74700002 PM 28053451 ER PT J AU KIM, YK AF KIM, YK TI COMPACT FITTING FORMULAS FOR ELECTRON-IMPACT CROSS-SECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ELECTRON-IMPACT CROSS SECTIONS; EXCITATION; FITTING FORMULAS; HELIUM; HYDROGEN; IONIZATION ID IONIZATION; ATOMS; IONS AB Compact fitting formulas, which contain four fitting constants, are presented for electron-impact excitation and ionization cross sections of atoms and ions. These formulas can fit experimental and theoretical cross sections remarkably well, when resonant structures are smoothed out, from threshold to high incident electron energies (< 10 keV), beyond which relativistic formulas are more appropriate. Examples of fitted cross sections for some atoms and ions are presented. The basic form of the formula is valid for both atoms and molecules. RP KIM, YK (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV ATOM PHYS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 97 IS 6 BP 689 EP 692 DI 10.6028/jres.097.032 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA KJ747 UT WOS:A1992KJ74700003 PM 28053452 ER PT J AU VERKOUTEREN, JR STEEL, EB WINDSOR, ES PHELPS, JM AF VERKOUTEREN, JR STEEL, EB WINDSOR, ES PHELPS, JM TI ACCURACY OF THE DOUBLE VARIATION TECHNIQUE OF REFRACTIVE-INDEX MEASUREMENT SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DISPERSION; DOUBLE VARIATION; IMMERSION METHOD; OPTICAL PROPERTIES; POLARIZED LIGHT MICROSCOPY; REFRACTIVE INDEX AB Errors in the double variation technique of refractive index measurement are analyzed using a new approach. The ability to measure matching wavelength is characterized, along with the effect on the calculated refractive index. Refractive index accuracy and precision are very dependent on the specifics of each calibration set, particularly the difference in dispersion between the liquid and solid. Our best precision (+/- 1 or 2 x 10(-4)) is attained only when the difference in dispersion between liquid and solid is small, and is dependent on an individual operator' s ability to perceive changes in relief. This precision is impossible to achieve for the other glass/liquid combinations, where we are limited by a precision of approximately 1 nm in the selection of matching wavelength. A bias in the measurement of matching wavelength exists that affects the accuracy of the calculated refractive indices. The magnitude of the bias appears to be controlled by the bandpass of the graded interference filter. The errors in refractive index using a graded interference filter with a bandpass of 30 nm FWHM (full width at half maximum intensity) are an order of magnitude larger than the errors using a filter with a bandpass of 15 nm FWHM. RP VERKOUTEREN, JR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI, MICROANAL RES GRP, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 97 IS 6 BP 693 EP 705 DI 10.6028/jres.097.033 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA KJ747 UT WOS:A1992KJ74700004 PM 28053453 ER PT J AU BRAUN, LM BENNISON, SJ LAWN, BR AF BRAUN, LM BENNISON, SJ LAWN, BR TI OBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF SHORT-CRACK TOUGHNESS CURVES USING INDENTATION FLAWS - CASE-STUDY ON ALUMINA-BASED CERAMICS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE-RESISTANCE MECHANISM; SHARP CONTACT CRACKING; STRENGTH PROPERTIES; BRITTLE MATERIALS; STABILITY; BEHAVIOR; SIZE AB An objective methodology is developed for evaluating toughness curves (T-curves) of ceramics using indentation flaws. Two experimental routes are considered: (i) conventional measurement of inert strength as a function of indentation load; (ii) in situ measurement of crack size as a function of applied stress. Central to the procedure is a proper calibration of the indentation coefficients that determine the K-field of indentation cracks in combined residual-contact and applied-stress loading, using data on an appropriate base material with single-valued toughness. Tests on a fine-grain alumina serve to demonstrate the approach. A key constraint in the coefficient evaluation is an observed satisfaction of the classical indentation strength-(load)-1/3 relation for such materials, implying an essential geometrical similarity in the crack configurations at failure. T-curves for any alumina-based ceramic without single-valued toughness can then be generated objectively from inert-strength or in situ crack-size data. The methodology thereby circumvents the need for any preconceived model of toughening, or for any prescribed analytical representation of the T-curve function. Data on coarse-grained aluminas and alumina-matrix material with aluminum titanate second-phase particles are used in an illustrative case study. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 43 TC 123 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 75 IS 11 BP 3049 EP 3057 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1992.tb04385.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA JX136 UT WOS:A1992JX13600022 ER PT J AU WONGNG, W WHITE, GS FREIMAN, SW AF WONGNG, W WHITE, GS FREIMAN, SW TI APPLICATION OF MOLECULAR-ORBITAL CALCULATIONS TO FRACTURE-MECHANICS - EFFECT OF APPLIED STRAIN ON CHARGE-DISTRIBUTION IN SILICA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CRACK-GROWTH; CORROSION AB To further our understanding of the mechanism of environmentally enhanced crack growth, molecular oribital calculations (MO) using the ab initio self-consistent-field (SCF) technique have been employed to investigate the effect of applied strain on the atomic charge distribution and the bond overlap population of the Si-O bond at the crack tip of silica. Pyrosilicic acid (H6Si2O7) with eclipsed conformation has been employed as the model molecule. Strain effects up to 20% were simulated in terms of bond stretching and angle distortion. The results indicate that, regardless of how the external strain is applied on the model molecule, the gross electron population on the bridged oxygen increases as strain increases and that on the silicon decreases. RP WONGNG, W (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 75 IS 11 BP 3097 EP 3102 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1992.tb04393.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA JX136 UT WOS:A1992JX13600030 ER PT J AU CAI, HD FABER, KT FULLER, ER AF CAI, HD FABER, KT FULLER, ER TI CRACK BRIDGING BY INCLINED FIBERS WHISKERS IN CERAMIC COMPOSITES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BRITTLE-MATRIX; TOUGHENING BEHAVIOR; PULL-OUT; ORIENTATION; ENERGY AB Crack bridging by inclined fibers has been studied in a brittle fiber-brittle matrix model ceramic composite. Results of the fiber bridging force vs the crack opening displacement have been obtained for different fiber inclination angles using a fracture mechanics approach. Localized matrix cracking has been observed for inclined fibers and related to fiber inclination angle. The experimental results showing the influence of fiber inclination angle are discussed and compared with theoretical analyses to provide insight into crack bridging by inclined fibers/whiskers. Implications for toughening by whisker bridging are also discussed. C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,EVANSTON,IL 60208. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Faber, Katherine/B-6741-2009 NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 75 IS 11 BP 3111 EP 3117 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1992.tb04395.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA JX136 UT WOS:A1992JX13600032 ER PT J AU GARNER, ST NAKAMURA, N HELD, IM AF GARNER, ST NAKAMURA, N HELD, IM TI NONLINEAR EQUILIBRATION OF 2-DIMENSIONAL EADY WAVES - A NEW PERSPECTIVE SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SEMI-GEOSTROPHIC EQUATIONS; SEMIGEOSTROPHIC THEORY; INSTABILITY; CYCLONES; MODEL AB The equilibration of two-dimensional baroclinic waves differs fundamentally from equilibration in three dimensions because two-dimensional eddies cannot develop meridional temperature or velocity structure. It was shown in an earlier paper that frontogenesis together with diffusive mixing in a two-dimensional Eady wave brings positive potential vorticity (PV) anomalies deep into the atmosphere from both boundaries and allows the disturbance to settle into a steady state without meridional gradients. Here we depart from the earlier explanation of this equilibration and associate the PV intrusions with essentially the same kind of vortex "roll-up" that characterizes the evolution of barotropic shear layers. To avoid subgrid turbulence parameterizations and computational diffusion, the analogy is developed using Eady's generalized baroclinic instability problem. Eady's generalized model has two semi-infinite regions of large PV surrounding a layer of relatively small PV. Without boundaries, frontal collapse, or strong diffusion the model still produces equilibrated states, with structure similar to the vortex streets that emerge from unstable barotropic shear layers. The similarity is greatest when the baroclinic development is viewed in isentropic coordinates. The contrast between the present equilibrated solutions, which exhibit no vertical tilt, and Blumen's diffusive frontogenesis model, which allows the wave to retain its phase tilt, is briefly discussed. C1 NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ. RP GARNER, ST (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 49 IS 21 BP 1984 EP 1996 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1992)049<1984:NEOTDE>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JV903 UT WOS:A1992JV90300003 ER PT J AU BROWN, RA AF BROWN, RA TI INITIATION AND EVOLUTION OF UPDRAFT ROTATION WITHIN AN INCIPIENT SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORM SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; CONVECTIVE STORMS; AIR-FLOW; PROPAGATION; ENERGETICS; HAILSTORM; PRESSURE; MOTION; SHEAR AB One of the distinguishing characteristics of a supercell thunderstorm is the presence of a rotating updraft. During the past 30 years, various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the initiation and maintenance of rotation. However, attempts to verify the initiation process have been frustrated by the lack of multiple-Doppler radar measurements at the time that the first rotating updraft appears. Discussed in this paper are dual-Doppler radar measurements that successfully captured the initiation and evolution of rotation in the Agawam, Oklahoma, storm of 6 June 1979, which occurred during the storm-scale phase of the Severe Environmental Storms and Mesoscale Experiment (SESAME). The process leading to updraft rotation appears to follow that proposed in 1968 by Fujita and Grandoso, whereby a middle-altitude vorticity couplet formed on the downwind flanks of a strong nonrotating updraft, with cyclonic vertical vorticity on the right-forward flank and anticyclonic vertical vorticity on the left-forward flank. With low-altitude flow approaching the storm from the right, a new updraft developed on the rightward-propagating gust front located along the fight edge of the storm beneath the cyclonic vorticity region. The growing updraft acquired cyclonic rotation at middle altitudes by entraining and stretching the ambient vertical vorticity. Subsequent fight-flank updrafts in the Agawam storm appear to have developed middle-altitude rotation in the same manner. Based on observations made within the Agawam storm and its immediate environment, the conventional hypothesis that employs low-altitude vertical shear of the horizontal wind as the vorticity source did not likely play a significant role in establishing updraft rotation. RP BROWN, RA (reprint author), NOAA,SURG RES LABS,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 49 IS 21 BP 1997 EP 2014 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1992)049<1997:IAEOUR>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JV903 UT WOS:A1992JV90300004 ER PT J AU WILLOUGHBY, HE AF WILLOUGHBY, HE TI LINEAR MOTION OF A SHALLOW-WATER BAROTROPIC VORTEX AS AN INITIAL-VALUE PROBLEM SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL-CYCLONE MOTION; BETA-PLANE; MODEL; ASYMMETRIES AB This paper revisits calculation of motion for a shallow-water barotropic vortex with fixed mean axisymmetric structure. The algorithm marches the linear primitive equations for the wavenumber 1 asymmetry forward in time using a vortex motion extrapolated from previous calculations. Periodically, it examines the calculated asymmetry for the apparent asymmetry due to mispositioning of the vortex center, repositions the vortex to remove the apparent asymmetry, and passes the corrected vortex motion on to the next cycle. This approach differs from the author's earlier variational determination of the steady-state motion after initial transients had died away. The steady-state approach demonstrated that the vortex had normal modes at zero frequency and, when an annulus of weak anticyclonic flow encircled the cyclonic inner vortex, at the most anticyclonic rotation frequency of the mean flow. Forcing of the former model led to too rapid steady-state poleward motion on a beta plane. At least for the linear problem, the key to more realistic simulation of motion and structure is the normal modes' transient response to diverse forcing: environmental potential vorticity gradients, embedded sources and sinks of mass, and initial asymmetries. The beta effect and other environmental potential vorticity gradients excite the normal modes to induce an acceleration of the vortex center toward and to the left of the direction to maximum environmental vorticity. Times approximately 100 days would be required to reach the too fast motions predicted in the earlier work. A rotating mass source-sink pair drives the vortex along a cycloidal track, but does not force the normal modes. A nonrotating source-sink forces a motion from the source toward the sink and excites the normal modes, leading to motion that persists after the forcing has ceased. Similarly, initial asymmetries that project onto the normal modes maintain themselves for times greater-than-or-equal-to 10 days, leading to persistent vortex propagation that evolves as the complex normal-mode frequencies dictate. Understanding of these normal modes can contribute to better tropical cyclone motion forecasts through better initialization of numerical track prediction models. C1 USN,POSTGRAD SCH,MONTEREY,CA 93940. RP WILLOUGHBY, HE (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL,DIV HURRICANE RES,CORAL GABLES,FL 33146, USA. NR 30 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 49 IS 21 BP 2015 EP 2031 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JV903 UT WOS:A1992JV90300005 ER PT J AU SUGAR, J KAUFMAN, V ROWAN, WL AF SUGAR, J KAUFMAN, V ROWAN, WL TI RB-LIKE SPECTRA - PD-X TO ND-XXIV SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE LINES; WAVELENGTHS AB Spectra of selected elements from Pd to Nd were observed with the TEXT tokamak at the University of Texas in Austin. Lines of the Rb I isoelectronic sequence were identified and wavelengths compared with calculated values obtained with the Cowan relativistic Hartree-Fock code. We made plots of observed minus calculated (O - C) transition energies in order to obtain smoothed wavelengths and interpolate values for elements not observed. C1 UNIV TEXAS,FUS RES CTR,AUSTIN,TX 78712. RP SUGAR, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1959 EP 1961 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.9.001959 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA JW724 UT WOS:A1992JW72400002 ER PT J AU WALHOUT, M DALIBARD, J ROLSTON, SL PHILLIPS, WD AF WALHOUT, M DALIBARD, J ROLSTON, SL PHILLIPS, WD TI SIGMA+-SIGMA- OPTICAL MOLASSES IN A LONGITUDINAL MAGNETIC-FIELD SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER LIMIT; ATOMS; TRAP AB We investigate the effect of a longitudinal magnetic field on the orientational cooling mechanism that operates both in sigma+-sigma- optical molasses and in a magneto-optical trap. For an atom with different Lande g factors in its ground and excited states, single-photon scattering and stimulated Raman scattering are resonant at different field-dependent velocities. The sharp polarization-gradient feature in the force-versus-velocity curve may therefore be translated to a velocity at which the Doppler force is dominant. In addition to this, we find that the momentum diffusion coefficient can grow as the field is increased. By numerically solving a semiclassical Fokker-Planck equation, we show that these effects lead to a field-induced inhibition of efficient sub-Doppler cooling for atoms with unequal g factors. Our treatment also enables us to discuss other phenomena that are accessible only if both Doppler and polarization-gradient effects are included in the calculation. C1 ECOLE POLYTECH,SPECT HERTZIENNE LAB,F-75230 PARIS 05,FRANCE. RP WALHOUT, M (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ATOM PHYS,BLDG 221,ROOM A167,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI rolston, steven/L-5175-2013; Dalibard, Jean/M-5648-2015 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190; Dalibard, Jean/0000-0001-8469-3913 NR 16 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1997 EP 2007 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.9.001997 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA JW724 UT WOS:A1992JW72400007 ER PT J AU SOBOLEWSKI, MA AF SOBOLEWSKI, MA TI ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF RADIOFREQUENCY DISCHARGES IN THE GASEOUS ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE REFERENCE CELL SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID BOMBARDMENT ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; CF3CL/ARGON DISCHARGES; RF DISCHARGES; IMPEDANCE; POLYSILICON; POWER AB Measurements of the electrical characteristics of radio-frequency (rf) discharges can be subject to large errors due to limitations in the measurement instruments and the stray impedance of the discharge cell. This study reports electrical measurements of argon discharges in the GEC Reference Cell in which special care has been taken to identify and minimize these sources of error. Careful calibration of current and voltage probes was found to be essential. In addition, parasitic impedances in the cell were found to be large, sensitive to minor changes in electrical connections, and not adequately described by simple a priori models. A general technique for characterizing the stray impedance, including an analysis of the propagation of errors, is presented here. This technique assures accurate results with specified uncertainties. Error analysis demonstrated that large gains in the precision of the measurements can be obtained using an inductive shunt circuit. Together, these techniques should improve the utility of electrical measurements for gauging the reproducibility of plasma conditions among rf discharge cells, for testing theoretical results, and for monitoring plasma processing. RP SOBOLEWSKI, MA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 30 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 10 IS 6 BP 3550 EP 3562 DI 10.1116/1.577783 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA JX920 UT WOS:A1992JX92000027 ER PT J AU MARRIAN, CRK DOBISZ, EA DAGATA, JA AF MARRIAN, CRK DOBISZ, EA DAGATA, JA TI ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY WITH THE SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON ELECTRON, ION, AND PHOTON BEAMS CY MAY 26-29, 1992 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AMER VACCUM SOC, IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICE SOC, OPT SOC AMER, HUGHES RES LABS ID RESIST AB The scanning tunneling microscope (STM), operated in vacuum in the field emission mode, has been used in lithographic studies of the resist SAL-601 from Shipley. Patterns have been written by raising the tip-sample voltage above -12 V while operating the STM in the constant current mode. Resist films, 50 nm thick, have been patterned and the pattern transferred into the GaAs substrate by reactive ion etching. The variation of feature size with applied dose and tip-sample bias voltage has been studied. Comparisons have been made to lithography with a 10 nm, 50 kV electron e-beam in a JEOL JBX-5DII in the same resist thickness films. In all cases the resist films were processed in the standard fashion before and after exposure. The STM can write smaller minimum features sizes and has a greater process latitude. Proximity effects are absent due to the reduced scattering range of the low energy primary electrons. However, the writing speed is slower, being limited by the response of the piezoelectric scanner. Advances have been made recently in the construction of fast STMs which scan at video rates making the STM comparable in speed to the JEOL for nanolithography. The development of ultralow voltage e-beam lithography based on STM technology is discussed. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP MARRIAN, CRK (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV ELECTR SCI & TECHNOL,CODE 6864,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 14 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 10 IS 6 BP 2877 EP 2881 DI 10.1116/1.585978 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA KM500 UT WOS:A1992KM50000102 ER PT J AU CHANG, SW STEIMLE, FW REID, RN FROMM, SA ZDANOWICZ, VS PIKANOWSKI, RA AF CHANG, SW STEIMLE, FW REID, RN FROMM, SA ZDANOWICZ, VS PIKANOWSKI, RA TI ASSOCIATION OF BENTHIC MACROFAUNA WITH HABITAT TYPES AND QUALITY IN THE NEW-YORK BIGHT SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article AB Previous qualitative and limited quantitative analyses of benthic data from the New York Bight, USA, have suggested associations among macrofauna and sediment characteristics, including levels of chemical contamination. Benthic data from 3 summers (1980 to 1982) of sampling were used to examine more thoroughly these relationships. Factor and canonical analyses confirmed that a limited group of macrofaunal taxa (Ceriantheopsis american us, Nephtys incisa, Capitella spp., Nucula proxima and Ampelisca agassizi), historically considered indicators of habitat quality, were indeed valid indicators. Ordination analyses provided greater detail about the association of, and between, sediment variables and the 80 most frequently occurring species. The results allowed a characterization of the New York Bight benthic habitat, encompassing the range from an undisturbed habitat to the lowest quality habitat. One species group was consistently associated with minimally contaminated sediments and appears to represent a basic natural benthic macrofaunal assemblage for the Bight. This group included taxa such as the sand dollar Echinarachnius parma and several species of amphipods (e.g. Byblis serrata, Corophium crassicorne and Ampelisca agassizi) as well as some polychaetes (e.g. Goniadella gracilis and Exogone hebes). Species that were the most common in the contaminated areas of the Bight were mainly polychaetes (e.g. Tharyx acutus, Nephtys incisa, Pherusa affinis and Capitella spp.) as well as the Nemertinea (Cerebratulus lacteus), an anemone (Ceriantheopsis americanus), a phoronid (Phoronis architecta) and the nut clam Nucula proxima. RP CHANG, SW (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE, NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, NE FISHERIES CTR, SANDY HOOK LAB, HIGHLANDS, NJ 07732 USA. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 89 IS 2-3 BP 237 EP 251 DI 10.3354/meps089237 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA KH346 UT WOS:A1992KH34600013 ER PT J AU DEIBEL, D CAVALETTO, JF RIEHL, M GARDNER, WS AF DEIBEL, D CAVALETTO, JF RIEHL, M GARDNER, WS TI LIPID AND LIPID CLASS CONTENT OF THE PELAGIC TUNICATE OIKOPLEURA-VANHOEFFENI SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Note ID BIOCHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; FLAME IONIZATION; FEEDING ECOLOGY; ZOOPLANKTON; NEWFOUNDLAND; CALANUS; OCEAN; BOLINOPSIS; COPEPODS; WATERS AB Lipid biochemistry of pelagic tunicates is poorly known, despite the fact that the larvae of several flatfish species depend exclusively on oikopleurid appendicularians at time of first feeding. Microgravimetric analysis and thin-layer chromatography with flame ionization detection (TLC-FID) were used to determine the total lipid content and lipid class composition of the pelagic tunicate Oikopleura vanhoeffeni. Our goal was to determine the dominant storage form of lipid in O. vanhoeffeni before and after the spring diatom bloom. Lipid levels and lipid class composition were measured for all 5 ontogenetic stages of O. vanhoeffeni, plus eggs. Levels ranged from 23 to 525 mug ind.-1 over the entire life cycle, increasing exponentially with increasing body size and ontogenetic (i.e. maturity) stage. Regression analyses showed that 84 % of the variation in the logarithm of total lipid content was explained by the logarithm of ontogenetic stage. Per unit dry weight, the mean (+/- SE) lipid concentration was 5 +/- 0.3 % before the bloom and 7.5 +/- 1.2 % after the bloom. Lipid class composition provided scant evidence for energy storage by O. vanhoeffeni, with no wax esters before or after the spring bloom and moderate levels of triacylglycerols present in pre-bloom animals only. Individuals collected after the spring bloom were significantly smaller than those from before the bloom, suggesting that a spawning event had occurred sometime during the bloom. Predominant lipid classes before and after the bloom were phospholipids (65 to 90 % of total lipid) and acetone-mobile polar lipids (4 to 24 %). Thus, although this appendicularian is d suspension feeder inhabiting very cold water, it does not store wax esters as do high-latitude copepods. Rather, O. vanhoeffeni has the lipid characteristics of a gelatinous, opportunistic colonist, i.e. that of an omnivore with the ability to direct ingested food energy into rapid somatic growth or gamete production. C1 MEM UNIV NEWFOUNDLAND, DEPT BIOL, ST JOHNS A1C 5S7, NEWFOUNDLAND, CANADA. NOAA, GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA. RP DEIBEL, D (reprint author), MEM UNIV NEWFOUNDLAND, CTR OCEAN SCI, ST JOHNS A1C 5S7, NEWFOUNDLAND, CANADA. NR 35 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 88 IS 2-3 BP 297 EP 302 DI 10.3354/meps088297 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA KE423 UT WOS:A1992KE42300019 ER PT J AU TENNANT, DA BAKER, ET AF TENNANT, DA BAKER, ET TI A FAST, HIGH-PRECISION SPLITTER FOR PARTICLE SUSPENSIONS SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID SEDIMENT TRAP AB Samples of disaggregated particles, collected from within the water column by means of sediment traps or from the seafloor by means of cores or grabs, often must be split into smaller but representative portions to facilitate analysis. We have designed and tested a simple, precise, and inexpensive sample splitter that uses air pressure to discharge a uniformly mixed particle suspension into two to six equal-sized subsamples. The coefficient of variation of particle concentrations in subsamples produced from sediment trap samples was less than 2%, and less than 4% in subsamples from a core. A sample can be split into six subsamples in less than three minutes. The splitter is fabricated from acrylic and teflon to allow acid cleaning when necessary, and the design isolates the sample to reduce the risk of contamination. C1 NOAA, PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB, 7600 SAND POINT WY NE, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 108 IS 3-4 BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.1016/0025-3227(92)90198-Q PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA KG533 UT WOS:A1992KG53300001 ER PT J AU BENTZ, DP GARBOCZI, EJ AF BENTZ, DP GARBOCZI, EJ TI MODELING THE LEACHING OF CALCIUM HYDROXIDE FROM CEMENT PASTE - EFFECTS ON PORE-SPACE PERCOLATION AND DIFFUSIVITY SO MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID INTERFACIAL ZONE; SIMULATION AB As concrete is exposed to the elements, its underlying microstructure can be attacked by a variety of aggressive agents. For example, rainwater and groundwater can degrade the concrete by dissolving soluble constituents such as calcium hydroxide. Using computer simulation, this paper examines the effects of calcium hydroxide dissolution on two material properties: the percolation properties or connectivity of the capillary pore space, and the relative ionic diffusivity. A microstructural model for cement paste is used to produce a hydrated specimen which is subsequently subjected to the leaching process. Pore space percolation characteristics and relative ionic diffusivity are computed throughout the leaching process as a function of total capillary porosity. Material variables examined are water: solids ratio and silica fume content. Percolation theory is used to develop the concept of a critical volume fraction of calcium hydroxide plus capillary pore space. It is shown that this critical combined volume fraction determines the magnitude of the effect of leaching on relative ionic diffusivity. RP BENTZ, DP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BLDG MAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 16 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 10 PU R I L E M PI CACHAN PA PAVILLON DES JARDINS, 61 AV DU PRESIDENT WILSON, 94235 CACHAN, FRANCE SN 0025-5432 J9 MATER STRUCT JI Mater. Struct. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 25 IS 153 BP 523 EP 533 DI 10.1007/BF02472448 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA JY999 UT WOS:A1992JY99900003 ER PT J AU SIEWERT, T MADIGAN, B QUINN, T MORNIS, M AF SIEWERT, T MADIGAN, B QUINN, T MORNIS, M TI THROUGH-THE-ARC SENSING FOR MEASURING GAS METAL ARC WELD QUALITY IN REAL-TIME SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article ID DROPLET RP SIEWERT, T (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,BOULDER,CO, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 50 IS 11 BP 1314 EP & PG 0 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA JX523 UT WOS:A1992JX52300006 ER PT J AU COAKLEY, KJ AF COAKLEY, KJ TI SPATIAL STATISTICS FOR PREDICTING FLUID-FLOW THROUGH A SINGLE ROCK FRACTURE SO MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SPATIAL STATISTICS; SINGLE ROCK FRACTURE; FLUID FLOW; PREDICTION ID PERMEABILITY AB Steady-state laminar flow through single rock fractures is predicted in terms of spatial statistics computed from the arrangement of voids and contact areas within the fracture. Within the voids, aperture is assumed to be constant. One statistic measures how often pixels alternate from void to contact area in the rows parallel to the flow direction. Two others measure the dispersion of voids in the rows and columns of the pattern. Fractures with complexity typical of observed data are simulated. Flow through patterns with 80% voids is predicted in terms of a linear combination of the three statistics. Using an extended model involving one of the three statistics, flow through patterns with other void fractions is predicted. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV EARTH SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP COAKLEY, KJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV STAT ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0882-8121 J9 MATH GEOL JI Math. Geol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 24 IS 8 BP 905 EP 927 DI 10.1007/BF00894658 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Geology; Mathematics GA JU450 UT WOS:A1992JU45000003 ER PT J AU SUEHLE, JS SCHAFFT, HA AF SUEHLE, JS SCHAFFT, HA TI TECHNIQUES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PULSED ELECTROMIGRATION AT THE WAFER-LEVEL SO MICROELECTRONICS AND RELIABILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8TH SYMP ON RELIABILITY IN ELECTRONICS ( RELECTRONIC 91 ) CY AUG 26-30, 1991 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY AB Special testing techniques were developed to circumvent problems associated with high temperature wafer-level probing and pulsed stressing of Al-Si metallizations. Recent results, using these techniques, identify new measurement interferences for highly accelerated electromigration stress tests. Measurements of the median-time-to-failure, t50, for d.c. and pulsed current stress as a function of pulse repetition frequency reveal that highly accelerated stress tests may overestimate metallization reliability. RP SUEHLE, JS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,BLDG 225,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0026-2714 J9 MICROELECTRON RELIAB JI Microelectron. Reliab. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 32 IS 11 BP 1527 EP 1532 DI 10.1016/0026-2714(92)90451-P PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA JT871 UT WOS:A1992JT87100006 ER PT J AU LAU, KH LAU, NC AF LAU, KH LAU, NC TI THE ENERGETICS AND PROPAGATION DYNAMICS OF TROPICAL SUMMERTIME SYNOPTIC-SCALE DISTURBANCES SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Review ID LOWER TROPOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES; AFRICAN WAVE DISTURBANCES; MOISTURE BUDGETS; NORTHERN SUMMER; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; EASTERLY WAVES; PHASE III; FGGE YEAR; CIRCULATION; HEAT AB Periods of enhanced synoptic activity in the tropical western Pacific, Bay of Bengal-northeastern India, and African-Atlantic regions are identified by extended empirical orthogonal function analysis. Composite meteorological fields for such active periods at various sites are constructed using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses for the northern summers of 1980-1987. These composite data form the basis for evaluating the contributions of different dynamical processes to local balances of heat, moisture, vorticity, enstrophy, and energy, so that the propagation dynamics and principal energy sources of the tropical disturbances may be studied in detail. In all three tropical regions considered here, the westward propagation of the synoptic-scale disturbances is attributed mostly to vorticity advection by both the time-mean flow and the transient fluctuations. In the western Pacific and Indian sectors, condensation heating associated with cumulus convection is seen to be the most significant energy source for the tropical disturbances. The stretching effect associated with large-scale convective activity is the most important mechanism for the generation of eddy enstrophy in these maritime disturbances. There is substantial barotropic conversion of enstrophy and kinetic energy from the time-mean flow to the transient fluctuations. In the African-Atlantic sector, the disturbances along the more prominent northern track at approximately 20-degrees-N are accompanied by dry desert-type convection. Vortex stretching associated with the dry convection is still the most important process for the generation of eddy enstrophy in these disturbances. However, the main source of available potential energy for these North African disturbances is the baroclinic conversion from the time-mean flow to the transient fluctuations along the zone of strong temperature gradients south of the Sahara. The dynamics and energetics of the weaker southern disturbances along 10-degrees-N in the African-Atlantic sector are similar to the moist disturbances found in the western Pacific and Indian sectors. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. PRINCETON UNIV,ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. RI Lau, Alexis/D-7914-2013 OI Lau, Alexis/0000-0003-3802-828X NR 23 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 120 IS 11 BP 2523 EP 2539 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<2523:TEAPDO>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JY595 UT WOS:A1992JY59500006 ER PT J AU CHEN, WY AF CHEN, WY TI DYNAMIC PREDICTION AT MEDIUM EXTENDED RANGES EMPLOYING LOW-FREQUENCY PNA MODE SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Review ID NATIONAL-METEOROLOGICAL-CENTER; FORECASTING FORECAST SKILL; PREDICTABILITY; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC; CIRCULATION; DERF AB Experiments on dynamical extended-range forecasting (DERF) conducted at the National Meteorological Center (NMC) are analyzed for the relationships between skill of medium-extended-range forecasts over the Pacific-North America region and the fluctuations of the Pacific-North American (PNA) mode of low-frequency variability. To isolate the effects of the prominent El Nino-Southern Oscillation anomalies that prevailed during the DERF period, the performance of forecasts is evaluated separately for the North Pacific and the North Atlantic sectors. Distinct features are observed. Much better skill in both dynamical and persistence forecasts is found for the Pacific sector than the Atlantic sector. The relationships between the polarity and amplitude of the PNA mode and the predictability of the prediction model are also investigated. The PNA circulation regime in the initial conditions as a predictor of forecast skill is contrasted in detail with the PNA mode in the forecasts. The statistical significance of the relationships is examined. The results indicate that the PNA mode in the forecasts is a better predictor for forecasting the forecast skill than the PNA mode in the initial conditions. RP CHEN, WY (reprint author), NATL METEROL CTR,NWS,NOAA,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,W NMC51,WWB RM 604,WASHINGTON,DC 20223, USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 120 IS 11 BP 2641 EP 2652 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<2641:DPAMER>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JY595 UT WOS:A1992JY59500015 ER PT J AU PASCH, RJ AVILA, LA AF PASCH, RJ AVILA, LA TI ATLANTIC HURRICANE SEASON OF 1991 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Review AB The 1991 hurricane season is summarized, including accounts of individual storms. Eight tropical storms were tracked, of which four became hurricanes. Only one tropical cyclone, Hurricane Bob, hit the United States. RP PASCH, RJ (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NATL HURRICANE CTR,1320 S DIXIE HIGHWAY,CORAL GABLES,FL 33146, USA. NR 4 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 120 IS 11 BP 2671 EP 2687 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<2671:AHSO>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JY595 UT WOS:A1992JY59500017 ER PT J AU AVILA, LA PASCH, RJ AF AVILA, LA PASCH, RJ TI ATLANTIC TROPICAL SYSTEMS OF 1991 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Review AB The 1991 hurricane season in the Atlantic basin featured 73 tropical waves (also known as African waves), most of which were relatively weak. These waves generated fewer than normal Atlantic tropical cyclones: seven tropical depressions, of which only three intensified into tropical storms. Remarkably, none of these systems became hurricanes. The remainder of the Atlantic tropical cyclones formed from other sources. African waves triggered nearly all of the eastern Pacific tropical cyclones in 1991. RP AVILA, LA (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NATL HURRICANE CTR,1320 S DIXIE HIGHWAY,CORAL GABLES,FL 33146, USA. NR 7 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 120 IS 11 BP 2688 EP 2696 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<2688:ATSO>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JY595 UT WOS:A1992JY59500018 ER PT J AU RAPPAPORT, EN MAYFIELD, M AF RAPPAPORT, EN MAYFIELD, M TI EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC HURRICANE SEASON OF 1991 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Review AB The 1991 eastern North Pacific hurricane season is summarized. The season comprised 16 tropical cyclones, consisting of 10 hurricanes, 4 tropical storms, and 2 tropical depressions. RP RAPPAPORT, EN (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NATL HURRICANE CTR,1320 S DIXIE HIGHWAY,CORAL GABLES,FL 33146, USA. NR 2 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 120 IS 11 BP 2697 EP 2708 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<2697:ENPHSO>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JY595 UT WOS:A1992JY59500019 ER PT J AU GERRITY, JP AF GERRITY, JP TI A NOTE ON GANDIN AND MURPHY EQUITABLE SKILL SCORE SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Note AB Gandin and Murphy introduced an "equitable skill score" for use in evaluating categorical forecasts. For forecasts involving more than two categories, the elements of the scoring matrix are not defined uniquely. In this note, a specific formula for the general multiple-category scoring matrix is presented and proven to satisfy the necessary conditions for "equitability." It is shown that, while it is not the only possible scoring matrix satisfying these necessary conditions, it is compatible with a logical condensation of the general K-category problem into a set of K - 1 two-category problems. Each of the two-category problems is associated with one of the K - 1 partitions defining the categories of the original problem. RP GERRITY, JP (reprint author), NATL METEOROL CTR,NOAA,WWB,5200 AUTH RD,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746, USA. NR 3 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 120 IS 11 BP 2709 EP 2712 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<2709:ANOGAM>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JY595 UT WOS:A1992JY59500020 ER PT J AU STEWART, TR HEIDEMAN, KF MONINGER, WR REAGANCIRINCIONE, P AF STEWART, TR HEIDEMAN, KF MONINGER, WR REAGANCIRINCIONE, P TI EFFECTS OF IMPROVED INFORMATION ON THE COMPONENTS OF SKILL IN WEATHER FORECASTING SO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL METHODS; DECISION-MAKING; JUDGMENT; RELIABILITY; ACCURACY; SYSTEMS; TASK; LIFE C1 PHILLIPS LAB,GEOPHYS DIRECTORATE,BEDFORD,MA 01731. NOAA,ERL,FSL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP STEWART, TR (reprint author), SUNY ALBANY,CTR POLICY RES,ALBANY,NY 12222, USA. NR 54 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0749-5978 J9 ORGAN BEHAV HUM DEC JI Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 53 IS 2 BP 107 EP 134 DI 10.1016/0749-5978(92)90058-F PG 28 WC Psychology, Applied; Management; Psychology, Social SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA JW791 UT WOS:A1992JW79100002 ER PT J AU THACKER, WC AF THACKER, WC TI OCEANOGRAPHIC INVERSE PROBLEMS SO PHYSICA D LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONF OF THE CENTER FOR NONLINEAR STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTAL MATHEMATICS : COMPUTATIONAL ISSUES IN NONLINEAR SCIENCE CY MAY 20-24, 1991 CL LOS ALAMOS, NM SP CTR NONLINEAR STUDIES EXPTL MATH ID OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; FITTING MODELS; CIRCULATION AB Oceanographic inverse problems are generalizations of the concept of linear regression to encompass the fitting of numerical models based on the partial-differential equations of fluid dynamics to oceanic data by adjusting surface fluxes, initial conditions, and/or transport parameters. The limited resolution of the data requires some sort of regularizing assumptions similar to those needed for spatial interpolation. Computationally, they are nonlinear-least-squares problems involving very many variables. These problems can be ill-conditioned due to the indirect nature of the observations, to the way the dynamics enter, and to the effect of the regularizing assumptions. Solving such large optimization problems requires efficient computation of derivatives of functions defined by computational codes. The adjoint method provides derivatives with respect to all the code's many adjustable inputs for roughly the same cost as computing a single model simulation. Although computationally difficult, model fitting offers the promise of dynamically consistent multivariate analyses of oceanographic data. RP THACKER, WC (reprint author), ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI Thacker, Carlisle/I-3813-2013 OI Thacker, Carlisle/0000-0002-9285-8826 NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 60 IS 1-4 BP 16 EP 37 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA KC046 UT WOS:A1992KC04600003 ER PT J AU BEICHL, I SULLIVAN, F AF BEICHL, I SULLIVAN, F TI COMPUTING S(ALPHA) USING SYMBOLIC MONTE-CARLO SO PHYSICA D LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONF OF THE CENTER FOR NONLINEAR STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTAL MATHEMATICS : COMPUTATIONAL ISSUES IN NONLINEAR SCIENCE CY MAY 20-24, 1991 CL LOS ALAMOS, NM SP CTR NONLINEAR STUDIES EXPTL MATH ID ENTROPY AB We describe a method for carrying out a computation of the entropy function of the invariant set of a particular class of maps. We illustrate the method for the case of the quadratic and the Feigenbaum map. Elementary consequences of the symbolic dynamics associated with a map f lead to an algorithm that is a novel application of the Monte Carlo method. To sample, we use the fact that the salient features of the thermodynamic properties of the map are captured by its symbolic dynamics. In the symbolic domain, samples are chosen by manipulating character strings, rather than by performing floating-point calculations. Therefore, exact symbolic answers can be obtained by purely combinatorial methods. These symbolic answers then provide a recipe for performing high-precision numerical computations. RP BEICHL, I (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,COMP & APPL MATH LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 60 IS 1-4 BP 358 EP 364 DI 10.1016/0167-2789(92)90251-H PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA KC046 UT WOS:A1992KC04600030 ER PT J AU GAO, B COOPER, J TABISZ, GC AF GAO, B COOPER, J TABISZ, GC TI ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM OF HD PERTURBED BY HE OR AR GASES - THE EFFECTS OF ROTATIONALLY INELASTIC-COLLISIONS ON THE INTERFERENCE BETWEEN ALLOWED AND COLLISIONALLY INDUCED COMPONENTS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR COLLISIONS; LINE-SHAPE; H2-HE AB The spectral line shapes for the HD rotational spectra perturbed by He and Ar gases, which show interference between allowed and collisionally induced dipole transitions, are calculated including the effects of inelastic rotational collisions. The general parametrization of the line shape, including inelastic collisions, requires six independent real parameters as opposed to four in the theory of Herman, Tipping, and Poll [Phys. Rev. A 20, 2006 (1979)]. Semiclassical calculations based on classical trajectories indicate the importance of the inelastic effects and show qualitative agreement with the experimental parameters. However, it is clear that a full explanation of experimental data will eventually require a full quantum treatment. C1 UNIV MANITOBA,DEPT PHYS,WINNIPEG R3T 2N2,MANITOBA,CANADA. RP GAO, B (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Gao, Bo/B-8774-2008 OI Gao, Bo/0000-0002-6680-3725 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 9 BP 5781 EP 5788 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.46.5781 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA JX834 UT WOS:A1992JX83400063 ER PT J AU AGARWAL, GS VEMURI, G KUNASZ, CV COOPER, J AF AGARWAL, GS VEMURI, G KUNASZ, CV COOPER, J TI COMPARATIVE-STUDY OF 4-WAVE-MIXING IN CHAOTIC AND PHASE-DIFFUSING FIELDS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL COHERENT TRANSIENTS; INDUCED POPULATION FLUCTUATIONS; BANDWIDTH PULSED LASERS; INCOHERENT-LIGHT; TIME; NOISE; SPECTROSCOPY; 2-LEVEL; SYSTEM; REGIME AB We consider the dependence of the four-wave-mixing signal from an ensemble of homogeneously broadened, two-level atoms on the statistics of the pump field. Two models for the pump field are considered: the chaotic field and the phase-diffusing field. A Monte Carlo simulation procedure is used to integrate the equations describing the four-wave-mixing process numerically. This technique allows consideration of arbitrary bandwidths for the pump and incorporates pump-induced saturation effects. Results are presented for the strength of the four-wave-mixing signal as a function of the pump intensity for both resonant and off-resonant cases. It is shown that the four-wave-mixing signal is sensitive to the statistics of the pump, particularly for strong fields. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP AGARWAL, GS (reprint author), UNIV HYDERABAD,SCH PHYS,HYDERABAD 500134,ANDHRA PRADESH,INDIA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 9 BP 5879 EP 5884 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.46.5879 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA JX834 UT WOS:A1992JX83400076 ER PT J AU LIU, CR GAO, B STARACE, AF AF LIU, CR GAO, B STARACE, AF TI VARIATIONALLY STABLE TREATMENT OF 2-PHOTON AND 3-PHOTON DETACHMENT OF H- INCLUDING ELECTRON-CORRELATION EFFECTS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID STRONG LASER FIELDS; INTENSE ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELD; WEAKLY BOUND SYSTEM; MULTIPHOTON-DETACHMENT; ONE-PHOTON; IONIZATION; ION; MODEL; ATOMS; PHOTODETACHMENT AB A variationally stable, adiabatic hyperspherical treatment of two- and three-photon detachment of H- is presented. Results are compared with analytic predictions of a zero-range potential model of H-. Detailed comparisons are made also with other theoretical results which include the effects of electron correlations. We predict analytically (and demonstrate numerically) an extreme sensitivity of the theoretical predictions to any errors in the value of the electron affinity employed. In an Appendix we show that the low-intensity limit of the Keldysh treatment [Sov. Phys. JETP 20, 1307 (1965)] of detachment of an electron bound in a zero-range potential agrees with the results of a perturbative treatment. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LINCOLN,NE 68588. UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI Gao, Bo/B-8774-2008 OI Gao, Bo/0000-0002-6680-3725 NR 50 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 9 BP 5985 EP 5998 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.46.5985 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA JX834 UT WOS:A1992JX83400088 ER PT J AU MCCLELLAND, JJ LORENTZ, SR SCHOLTEN, RE KELLEY, MH CELOTTA, RJ AF MCCLELLAND, JJ LORENTZ, SR SCHOLTEN, RE KELLEY, MH CELOTTA, RJ TI DETERMINATION OF COMPLEX SCATTERING-AMPLITUDES IN LOW-ENERGY ELASTIC ELECTRON-SODIUM SCATTERING SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Note ID SPIN-POLARIZED ELECTRONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; ATOMS; EXCHANGE; EXCITATION; COLLISIONS AB Measurements of spin-resolved elastic electron-sodium scattering have been carried out at incident energies of 4.1 and 12.1 eV, and the ratio of triplet to singlet scattering cross sections has been obtained at each energy. The ratio is used to provide a determination of not only the magnitudes of the triplet and singlet amplitudes, but also the cosine of the relative phase difference between them. These determinations of magnitude and relative phase represent the most detailed characterization to date of electron-atom scattering from a "one-electron" target. RP MCCLELLAND, JJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTRON & OPT PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Scholten, Robert/A-8586-2013; McClelland, Jabez/A-2358-2015 OI Scholten, Robert/0000-0002-2337-8036; McClelland, Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965 NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 9 BP 6079 EP 6082 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.46.6079 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA JX834 UT WOS:A1992JX83400104 ER PT J AU THOMSON, R ZHOU, SJ CARLSSON, AE TEWARY, VK AF THOMSON, R ZHOU, SJ CARLSSON, AE TEWARY, VK TI LATTICE IMPERFECTIONS STUDIED BY USE OF LATTICE GREEN-FUNCTIONS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE; CRACK AB This paper explores the use of lattice Green's functions for calculating the static structure of defects in lattices, in that the atoms of the lattice interact with their neighbors with an arbitrary nonlinear (short-range) potential. The method is hierarchical, in which Green's functions axe calculated for the perfect lattice, for increasingly complicated defect lattices, and finally the nonlinear structure problem is iterated until a converged solution is found. For the case where the defect must be embedded within a very large linear system, and the slip plane, cleavage plane, nonlinear zone, etc., can be made small compared to the system size, Green's functions are a very powerful method for studying the physics of defects and their interactions. As an illustration of the method, we report numerical calculations for an interfacial crack emitting dislocations from an interface between two joined two-dimensional hexagonal lattices. The supercell size was 4 x 10(6), and the crack length was 101 lattice spacings. After the Green's functions were obtained for the defective lattice, the dislocation and crack structures were obtained in a minute or less, making possible detailed studies of the defects with various external loads, force laws, defect relative positions, etc., with negligible computer time. With practical supercomputer times, supercell and defect sizes one or two orders larger are feasible, thus making possible a realistic calculation of three-dimensional nucleation events on cracks, etc. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,TECHNOL ADM,DIV MAT RELIABIL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP THOMSON, R (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,TECHNOL ADM,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 19 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 17 BP 10613 EP 10622 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.46.10613 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JW976 UT WOS:A1992JW97600012 ER PT J AU MUELLER, DR WALLACE, J EDERER, DL JIA, JJ OBRIEN, WL DONG, QY CALLCOTT, TA AF MUELLER, DR WALLACE, J EDERER, DL JIA, JJ OBRIEN, WL DONG, QY CALLCOTT, TA TI COPPER-M(II,III) X-RAY-EMISSION SPECTRA OF COPPER OXIDES AND THE BISMUTH CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTOR SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FLUORESCENCE SPECTRA; BAND-STRUCTURE; CU2O; CUO; BI2SR2CACU2O8; PHOTOEMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION AB Photon-excited soft x-ray emission spectra for CuO, Cu2O, and bismuth cuprate in the region of the Cu 3d-->3p transitions were measured to obtain bulk-sensitive electronic partial density-of-states information. For CuO and Cu2O transitions from the valence levels into the M(II) and M(III) levels were clearly resolved. The emission features were separated by the 2.3-eV spin-orbit interaction of the copper 3p1/2 and 3p3/2 states and appeared in the statistical intensity ratio. The copper M(III) emission spectrum of the superconductor is broader than the spectra of CuO and Cu2O. For all three compounds the shape of the M(III) emission spectrum extracted from the data is qualitatively similar to calculations of the copper single-particle local density of states. No evidence of multiplet structure was observed in the emission spectrum of CuO in spite of the open d shell in the ground state. The measurements are compared with published copper L emission data and photoemission results. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP MUELLER, DR (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 17 BP 11069 EP 11074 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.46.11069 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JW976 UT WOS:A1992JW97600070 ER PT J AU ROBEY, SW HUDSON, LT KURTZ, RL AF ROBEY, SW HUDSON, LT KURTZ, RL TI RESONANT-PHOTOEMISSION INVESTIGATION OF THE HEUSLER ALLOYS NI2MNSB AND NIMNSB SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HALF-METALLIC FERROMAGNETS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MAGNETIC-MOMENTS; CD1-XMNXTE; PTMNSB; STATES; MODEL AB Photoemission was used to investigate the electronic density of states (DOS) in Ni2MnSb and NiMnSb. Comparisons with calculated band structures reveal reasonable agreement, but there are indications that the calculations overemphasize Ni 3d contributions at some binding energies. Resonant effects at the Mn 3p core threshold were employed to obtain information on the Mn 3d partial densities of states and these indicate that Mn 3d character is spread throughout the valence bands, in agreement with theory. These effects are strongest in the bottom of the valence band around a binding energy of 3.1 eV and produce structure which agrees well with the theoretical Mn 3d DOS, but are weak for other portions of the calculated Mn DOS. These results are discussed in the context of models for the formation of localized moments in these materials. RP ROBEY, SW (reprint author), NBS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 18 BP 11697 EP 11704 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.46.11697 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JX929 UT WOS:A1992JX92900047 ER PT J AU GIEBULTOWICZ, TM SAMARTH, N LUO, H FURDYNA, JK KLOSOWSKI, P RHYNE, JJ AF GIEBULTOWICZ, TM SAMARTH, N LUO, H FURDYNA, JK KLOSOWSKI, P RHYNE, JJ TI STRAIN-ENGINEERED INCOMMENSURABILITY IN EPITAXIAL HEISENBERG ANTIFERROMAGNETS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Note ID DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; DIMENSIONAL-CROSSOVER; SUPERLATTICES AB Neutron-diffraction studies of ZnTe/MnSe strained-layer superlattices show the formation of an incommensurate helimagnetic phase below 70 K. The incommensurate ordering is characterized by a wave vector that can be tuned by both strain and dimensionality. Furthermore, the incommensurate helical pitch varies smoothly with temperature, without locking in at any commensurate values. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,RES REACTOR,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP GIEBULTOWICZ, TM (reprint author), UNIV NOTRE DAME,DEPT PHYS,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556, USA. RI Samarth, Nitin/C-4475-2014 OI Samarth, Nitin/0000-0003-2599-346X NR 18 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 18 BP 12076 EP 12079 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.46.12076 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JX929 UT WOS:A1992JX92900106 ER PT J AU ISHIDA, T GOLDFARB, RB KOS, AB CROSS, RW AF ISHIDA, T GOLDFARB, RB KOS, AB CROSS, RW TI OFFSET SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SUPERCONDUCTORS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Note ID MAGNETIZATION; NETWORK AB The novel concept of offset susceptibility chi0 is presented for superconductors in applied fields H(dc) + H(ac) sinomegat. Chi0 represents the dc component of the time-dependent magnetization M (t). For sintered YBa2CU3O7, chi0 was measured as a function of H(ac), H(dc), and temperature using a Hall probe magnetometer and Fourier analysis. For intragranular diamagnetism, chi0 behaves as the real part of complex fundamental susceptibility chi1', confirming a London-like field penetration. However, chi0 arising from intergranular coupling is positive at temperatures just below the onset of the coupling transition, in good agreement with theoretical predictions of a simplified Kim critical-state model of magnetization. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP ISHIDA, T (reprint author), IBARAKI UNIV,FAC SCI,DEPT PHYS,MITO,IBARAKI 310,JAPAN. RI Goldfarb, Ronald/A-5493-2011 OI Goldfarb, Ronald/0000-0002-1942-7974 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 18 BP 12080 EP 12083 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.46.12080 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JX929 UT WOS:A1992JX92900107 ER PT J AU CHRISTIDES, C NEUMANN, DA PRASSIDES, K COPLEY, JRD RUSH, JJ ROSSEINSKY, MJ MURPHY, DW HADDON, RC AF CHRISTIDES, C NEUMANN, DA PRASSIDES, K COPLEY, JRD RUSH, JJ ROSSEINSKY, MJ MURPHY, DW HADDON, RC TI NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDY OF C60N-(N=3,6) LIBRATIONS IN ALKALI-METAL FULLERIDES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Note ID M3C60 SUPERCONDUCTORS; FULLERENES; C60 AB We have measured the low-energy inelastic neutron scattering spectra of superconducting K3C60 and insulating Rb6C60. Well-defined peaks are observed at room temperature at 3.59(4) meV [full width at half maximum (FWHM) = 1.11(15) meV] and 5.49(38) meV [FWHM = 3.41(44) meV], respectively. They harden with decreasing temperature and the dependence of their intensities on the scattering vector shows that they are due to small-amplitude librational motion. No anomalous behavior of the librational peak was observed on cooling through the superconducting transition temperature, indicating that electron-librational coupling is weak. The energy barrier for reorientation is estimated to be at least twice as large in K3C60 as in C60. Substantial disorder persists for K3C60 in the superconducting state. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. AT&T BELL LABS, MURRAY HILL, NJ 07974 USA. RP CHRISTIDES, C (reprint author), UNIV SUSSEX, SCH CHEM & MOLEC SCI, BRIGHTON BN1 9QJ, E SUSSEX, ENGLAND. RI Haddon, Robert/A-2528-2008; Prassides, Kosmas/C-9804-2009 OI Haddon, Robert/0000-0002-7903-5139; NR 33 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 18 BP 12088 EP 12091 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.46.12088 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JX929 UT WOS:A1992JX92900109 ER PT J AU BENGTSON, JL STEWART, BS AF BENGTSON, JL STEWART, BS TI DIVING AND HAULOUT BEHAVIOR OF CRAB-EATER SEALS IN THE WEDDELL SEA, ANTARCTICA, DURING MARCH 1986 SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KRILL EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; CRAB-EATER SEALS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; LOBODON-CARCINOPHAGUS; ELEPHANT ISLAND; SOUTH-GEORGIA; LEOPARD SEALS; VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS; PENINSULA AB Time-depth recorders were used to study the diving and haulout behavior of six crabeater seals in the marginal ice edge zone of the Weddell Sea during March 1986. Haulout patterns revealed the seals' clear preference for diving during darkness and hauling out onto sea ice during daylight. Seals did not necessarily haul out every day; individual seals hauled out on 80-100% of days during the study period. Four general dive types were identified: 1) traveling dives, 2) foraging dives, 3) crepuscular foraging dives, and 4) exploratory dives. Nearly continual diving occurred for extended periods (about 16 h) nightly, with one individual diving up to 44 h without interruption. Foraging dives occurring during crepuscular periods were deeper than those made during the darkest hours. The authors suggest that the distinct diel pattern of dive timing and depth may be related to possible predator avoidance behavior by the seals' principal prey, Antarctic Krill. C1 HUBBS MARINE RES CTR,SEA WORLD RES INST,SAN DIEGO,CA 92109. RP BENGTSON, JL (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 44 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 12 IS 6-7 BP 635 EP 644 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JY256 UT WOS:A1992JY25600009 ER PT J AU WICKNER, S SKOWYRA, D HOSKINS, J MCKENNEY, K AF WICKNER, S SKOWYRA, D HOSKINS, J MCKENNEY, K TI DNAJ, DNAK, AND GRPE HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS ARE REQUIRED IN ORIP1 DNA-REPLICATION SOLELY AT THE REPA MONOMERIZATION STEP SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SPECIALIZED NUCLEOPROTEIN STRUCTURES; F PLASMID REPLICATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACTERIOPHAGE-LAMBDA; ORIGIN; INITIATION; GENE; BINDING; P1; TEMPERATURES AB We have found that three Escherichia coli heat shock proteins, DnaK (the hsp70 homolog), Dnaj, and GrpE, function in oriP1 DNA replication in vitro solely to activate DNA binding by the replication initiator protein RepA. Activation results from the conversion of P1 or P7 RepA dimers to monomers that bind with high affinity to the origin of replication of plasmid P1. Thus, the essential role of these three heat shock proteins in this replication system is to change the quaternary structure of a single protein, RepA. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. RP WICKNER, S (reprint author), NCI,MOLEC BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 30 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 89 IS 21 BP 10345 EP 10349 DI 10.1073/pnas.89.21.10345 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JW798 UT WOS:A1992JW79800076 PM 1438220 ER PT J AU NEWBURY, D AF NEWBURY, D TI FIORI,CHUCK 1938-1992 - IN MEMORIAM SO SCANNING LA English DT Item About an Individual RP NEWBURY, D (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 14 IS 6 BP 311 EP 312 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA KC994 UT WOS:A1992KC99400001 ER PT J AU GILLEN, G AF GILLEN, G TI HIGH DYNAMIC-RANGE SIMS DEPTH PROFILING ON INSITU ION-BEAM-GENERATED MESAS USING THE ION-MICROSCOPE SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Note ID OPTIMIZATION AB The dynamic range of SIMS depth profiles of high-dose ion implants can often be improved by removing the influence of the highly doped crater walls from the depth profile. This is accomplished either by collapsing the primary beam raster or by using specialized sample preparation techniques such as the mini-chip or dot-etching methods developed by von Criegern et al. The main limitations with the sample preparation techniques are that they are labor and time-intensive and are not applicable to all substrate types. By a simple modification of the raster circuits of an ion micros-cope, it is possible to generate, by sputtering, a mesa structure that is subsequently profiled under normal conditions. This approach offers a rapid, flexible method of mesa preparation that is amenable to all sample materials. The principal disadvantage with the use of the ion microscope for this analysis is that a significant memory effect can result from the dopant species that are sputtered during the preparation of the mesa structure. RP GILLEN, G (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 18 IS 11 BP 777 EP 780 DI 10.1002/sia.740181107 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA JY858 UT WOS:A1992JY85800006 ER PT J AU RUFAEL, TS PRASAD, J FISCHER, DA GLAND, JL AF RUFAEL, TS PRASAD, J FISCHER, DA GLAND, JL TI HYDROGENOLYSIS OF ADSORBED METHYLTHIOLATE ON THE PT(111) SURFACE SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; CO DISPLACEMENT; DECOMPOSITION; METHANETHIOL; MO(110); ADSORPTION; MOLECULES; NI(100); DESULFURIZATION; MECHANISM AB A combination of temperature programmed reaction experiments and fluorescence yield near edge spectroscopy (FYNES) has been used to characterize hydrogen induced C-S bond activation in adsorbed methylthiolate on the Pt(111) surface. The low temperature methane peak observed at 310 K during temperature programmed decomposition of methanethiol clearly involves reaction with adsorbed hydrogen since deuterium incorporation is observed in the presence of coadsorbed deuterium. Some multiple deuteration is observed suggesting that a mixture of carbon containing species may be involved in the hydrogenolysis process. In situ FYNES above the carbon K edge has been used to characterize the kinetics of this hydrogenolysis process in more detail. Transient FYNES measurements were used to characterize changes in the total carbon concentration during the hydrogenolysis reaction. In situ temperature programmed reaction experiments performed in 0.02 Torr of hydrogen clearly indicate that hydrogenolysis begins near 290 K and all carbon containing species are removed by 360 K. In situ isothermal kinetic studies indicate that the hydrogenolysis reaction is first order in adsorbed thiolate coverage and approximately half order in hydrogen pressure. The apparent activation energy for the hydrogenolysis reaction is 18 kcal/mol in the presence of 0.02 Torr of gaseous hydrogen. This activation energy represents a lower bound for the hydrogenolysis activation energy since the apparent heat includes the heat of adsorption for hydrogen. These direct kinetic measurements of this hydrogenolysis reaction under reactive gaseous environments highlight the TO]e that in situ methods can play in characterizing surface reaction processes. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP RUFAEL, TS (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT CHEM,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 1992 VL 278 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1016/0039-6028(92)90582-Q PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA JV841 UT WOS:A1992JV84100014 ER PT J AU EILER, JH NELSON, BD BRADSHAW, RF AF EILER, JH NELSON, BD BRADSHAW, RF TI RIVERINE SPAWNING BY SOCKEYE-SALMON IN THE TAKU RIVER, ALASKA AND BRITISH-COLUMBIA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; EMERGENCE; HABITAT; SIZE AB Radio telemetry was used to determine the distribution of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka returning to spawn in the glacial Taku River in 1984 and 1986, and to locate and characterize spawning areas used by this species. During the study, 253 sockeye salmon were tracked as they moved upriver; 204 of these were followed to spawning areas. Only 37% of the 204 fish traveled to areas associated with lakes, the remaining 63% returned to ''riverine'' areas-river areas without lakes (42% to the Taku River main stem, 17% to the Nakina River, and 4% to other rivers). Sockeye salmon spawning in riverine areas used a variety of habitat types, including main-river channels, side channels, tributary streams, and upland sloughs. Most (55%) of the radio-tagged fish that returned to the Taku River main stem were tracked to side-channel spawning areas. Half of the 471 adult sockeye salmon sampled in main-stem spawning areas had migrated to sea as juveniles before their first winter. This study showed that many sockeye salmon returning to the Taku River do not depend on lakes, and that riverine sockeye salmon make up a major portion of the run in some river systems. RP EILER, JH (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,AUKE BAY LAB,11305 GLACIER HIGHWAY,JUNEAU,AK 99801, USA. NR 31 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 121 IS 6 BP 701 EP 708 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1992)121<0701:RSBSSI>2.3.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KR622 UT WOS:A1992KR62200001 ER PT J AU PHELAN, BA AF PHELAN, BA TI WINTER FLOUNDER MOVEMENTS IN THE INNER NEW-YORK BIGHT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS AB Winter flounder Pleuronectes americanus collected in the inner New York Bight were tagged and released to determine generalized movement patterns. Between July 1986 and August 1989, there were 7,346 winter flounder (greater-than-or-equal-to 18 cm) tagged at 14 inshore stations in Sandy Hook, Raritan, and Lower bays and the Shrewsbury River and at 22 offshore stations associated with a sewage sludge dumpsite 22 km off the New Jersey coast. Results from 206 tag returns indicated that the Navesink-Shrewsbury river system, part of the Sandy Hook-Raritan estuary, supports a population of winter flounder that returns yearly during the spawning season. Winter flounder exhibited limited seasonal migration and intermixed with other winter flounder from the inner New York Bight, indicating the existence of a dynamic assemblage. RP PHELAN, BA (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES CTR,SANDY HOOK LAB,HIGHLANDS,NJ 07732, USA. NR 22 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 121 IS 6 BP 777 EP 784 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1992)121<0777:WFMITI>2.3.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KR622 UT WOS:A1992KR62200009 ER PT J AU WING, BL GUTHRIE, CM GHARRETT, AJ AF WING, BL GUTHRIE, CM GHARRETT, AJ TI ATLANTIC SALMON IN MARINE WATERS OF SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Note ID GYRODACTYLUS-SALARIS; NORWEGIAN RIVERS; POPULATIONS; HYBRIDS; GROWTH AB An immature female Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, caught by a commercial salmon troller off southeastern Alaska on 20 July 1990, is the first documented representative of this species in the marine waters of Alaska. Identification was based on morphology, meristic characters, and protein electrophoresis. Scale growth patterns, an eroded or clipped dorsal fin, and a high proportion of regenerated scales indicate that the fish escaped from an aquaculture pen during spring 1990. Five additional Atlantic salmon were subsequently caught by commercial fishermen in southeastern Alaska during August 1991; identification was based on morphology and color patterns. Escaped Atlantic salmon are unlikely to have a genetic impact on native Pacific salmonids, but the possibility exists that they will disseminate non-endemic pathogens or parasites. C1 UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, SCH FISHERIES & OCEAN SCI, JUNEAU CTR FISHERIES & OCEAN SCI, JUNEAU, AK 99801 USA. RP WING, BL (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR, AUKE BAY LAB, 11305 GLACIER HIGHWAY, JUNEAU, AK 99801 USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 121 IS 6 BP 814 EP 818 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1992)121<0814:ASIMWO>2.3.CO;2 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KR622 UT WOS:A1992KR62200015 ER PT J AU TOMAZIC, BB SHEEHAN, ME NANCOLLAS, GH AF TOMAZIC, BB SHEEHAN, ME NANCOLLAS, GH TI INFLUENCE OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC INHIBITORS ON THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF CALCIUM-OXALATE HYDRATES SO WORLD JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-GROWTH; KINETICS; GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS; DISSOLUTION; MONOHYDRATE; TRIHYDRATE; DIHYDRATE; ADDITIVES AB The kinetics of crystallization of calcium oxalate monohydrate was studied in the presence of polyacrylate, and the growth of both this salt and the trihydrate was investigated in the presence of polyasparatic acid, polyglutamic acid, and heparin. We monitored the crystallization reactions either by following the change in lattice-ion concentrations as a function of time or by maintaining constant supersaturation via the replacement of lattice ions during the experiments. In addition, the crystallization reactions of calcium oxalate monohydrate, dihydrate, and trihydrate were studied in the presence of urine fractions (5%, v/v) separated by molecular weight in the range of 1 000 - 50 000 Da from whole urine. C1 SUNY BUFFALO,DEPT CHEM,BUFFALO,NY 14214. RP TOMAZIC, BB (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,DIV POLYMER,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0724-4983 J9 WORLD J UROL JI World J. Urol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 10 IS 4 BP 216 EP 225 PG 10 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA KD736 UT WOS:A1992KD73600007 ER PT J AU SHERMAN, K SKJOLDAL, HR WILLIAMS, R AF SHERMAN, K SKJOLDAL, HR WILLIAMS, R TI GLOBAL OCEAN MONITORING STRATEGY SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 INST MARINE RES,BERGEN,NORWAY. PLYMOUTH MARINE LAB,PLYMOUTH,ENGLAND. RP SHERMAN, K (reprint author), NOAA,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,NARRAGANSETT LAB,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 29 PY 1992 VL 359 IS 6398 BP 769 EP 769 DI 10.1038/359769a0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JV777 UT WOS:A1992JV77700024 ER PT J AU KO, MK PELLEGRINO, JJ AF KO, MK PELLEGRINO, JJ TI DETERMINATION OF OSMOTIC-PRESSURE AND FOULING RESISTANCES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE OF ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANES SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CONCENTRATION-POLARIZATION; FOULING; ULTRAFILTRATION; INTERFACIAL CONCENTRATION; MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENT ID PROTEIN SOLUTIONS; MASS-TRANSFER; DIFFUSION; WHEY AB A study was made of the effects of material and geometric properties of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes on flux decline due to concentration-polarization (osmotic pressure) and adsorption (fouling) resistances. UF experiments with solutions of beta-lactoglobulin and bovine serum albumin on commercial membranes of poly (vinylpyrrolidone)-coated polycarbonate (PC) and regenerated cellulose (RC) were carried out. A three-stage experimental strategy based on an osmotic pressure-adsorption model was used to separately determine the effective hydraulic membrane resistance, osmotic pressure, and fouling resistance. By a normalization procedure, the performance of membranes with varying material and geometric characteristics could be compared and evaluated in terms of the extent of flux reduction individually due to concentration-polarization and fouling. Under all the conditions studied, the total flux reduction for the PC membrane was mainly controlled by the fouling resistance and for the RC membrane by the osmotic pressure build-up due to concentration-polarization. The effect of bulk protein concentration, transmembrane pressure, crossflow velocity, pH, and NaCl concentration on the individual, relative contributions to flux reduction by osmotic pressure and fouling were found to depend on membrane material properties. RP KO, MK (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM ENGN,83201,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 20 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD OCT 28 PY 1992 VL 74 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 157 DI 10.1016/0376-7388(92)87079-D PG 17 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA JY943 UT WOS:A1992JY94300013 ER PT J AU JI, XH ZHANG, PH ARMSTRONG, RN GILLILAND, GL AF JI, XH ZHANG, PH ARMSTRONG, RN GILLILAND, GL TI THE 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF A GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE FROM THE MU-GENE CLASS - STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS OF THE BINARY COMPLEX OF ISOENZYME 3-3 AND GLUTATHIONE AT 2.2-ANGSTROM RESOLUTION SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE-SITE; DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; RAT-LIVER; CRYSTALLIZATION; REFINEMENT; MECHANISM; PLACENTA; ANION AB The crystal structure of a mu class glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) from rat liver (isoenzyme 3-3) in complex with the physiological substrate glutathione (GSH) has been solved at 2.2-angstrom resolution by multiple isomorphous replacement methods. The enzyme crystallized in the monoclinic space group C2 with unit cell dimensions of a = 87.98 angstrom, b = 69.41 angstrom, c = 81.34 angstrom, and beta = 106.07-degrees. Oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis played an important role in the solution of the structure in that the cysteine mutants C86S, C114S, and C173S were used to help locate the positions of mercuric ion sites in nonisomorphous derivatives with ethylmercuric phosphate and to align the sequence with the model derived from MIR phases. A complete model for the protein was not obtained until part of the solvent structure was interpreted. The dimer in the asymmetric unit refined to a crystallographic R = 0.171 for 19 298 data and I greater-than-or-equal-to 1.5sigma(I). The final model consists of 4150 atoms, including all non-hydrogen atoms of 434 amino acid residues, two GSH molecules, and oxygen atoms of 474 water molecules. The dimeric enzyme is globular in shape with dimensions of 53 X 62 X 56 angstrom. Crystal contacts are primarily responsible for conformational differences between the two subunits which are related by a noncrystallographic 2-fold axis. The structure of the type 3 subunit can be divided into two domains separated by a short linker, a smaller alpha/beta domain (domain I, residues 1-82), and a larger alpha domain (domain II, residues 90-217). Domain I contains four beta-strands which form a central mixed beta-sheet and three alpha-helices which are arranged in a betaalphabetaalphabetabetaalpha motif. Domain II is composed of five alpha-helices. Domain I can be considered the glutathione binding domain, while domain II seems to be primarily responsible for xenobiotic substrate binding. The active site is located in a deep (19-angstrom) cavity which is composed of three relatively mobile structural elements: the long loop (residues 33-42) of domain I, the alpha4/alpha5 helix-turn-helix segment, and the C-terminal tail. GSH is bound at the active site in an extended conformation at one end of the beta-sheet of domain I with its backbone facing the cavity and the sulfur pointing toward the subunit to which it is bound. Fifteen hydrogen bond or salt-bridge contacts are involved in the interaction between GSH and the enzyme, among which the hydrogen bond (3.2 angstrom) between the sulfur of GSH and the side-chain hydroxyl group of Y6 is of special interest. This interaction appears to lower the pK(a) of the sulfhydryl group [Liu, S., Zhang, P., Ji, X., Johnson, W. W., Gilliland, G. L., & Armstrong, R. N. (I 992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 4296-4299] and appears to help orient the thiolate anion in the active site such that half of its surface is shielded by hydrophobic residues and the other half is exposed for reaction with the electrophilic substrate. The nucleophilic reactivity of the GSH appears to be enhanced by both destabilization of the thiol and desolvation of the thiolate anion. The structure of the class mu isoenzyme is compared to that of a pi class isoenzyme which was recently reported at a preliminary stage of refinement [Reinemer, P., Dirr, H. W., Ladenstein, R., Schaffer, J., Gallay, O., & Huber, R. (1991) EMBO J. 10, 1997-2005]. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,SHADY GROVE,MD. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLL PK,MD 20742. RI Ji, Xinhua/C-9664-2012 OI Ji, Xinhua/0000-0001-6942-1514 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM30910] NR 55 TC 378 Z9 380 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD OCT 27 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 42 BP 10169 EP 10184 DI 10.1021/bi00157a004 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA JV258 UT WOS:A1992JV25800004 PM 1420139 ER PT J AU ZHANG, PH LIU, SX SHAN, SO JI, XH GILLILAND, GL ARMSTRONG, RN AF ZHANG, PH LIU, SX SHAN, SO JI, XH GILLILAND, GL ARMSTRONG, RN TI MODULAR MUTAGENESIS OF EXON-1, EXON-2, AND EXON-8 OF A GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE FROM THE MU CLASS - MECHANISTIC AND STRUCTURAL CONSEQUENCES FOR CHIMERAS OF ISOENZYME 3-3 SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; CDNA CLONE; AZAARENE OXIDES; YB SUBUNIT; RAT; EXPRESSION; GENE; STEREOSELECTIVITY; FAMILY; ARENE AB Exons 1 and 2 and exon 8 of the mu class GSH transferases from rat encode sequence-variable regions 1 and 4 of mu class isoenzymes, respectively. These two of four variable regions are located at the N- and C-termini of this isoenzyme class and impinge on the active site. In order to assess the influence of these variable regions on the catalytic diversity of the class mu isoenzymes, seven chimeric isoenzymes were constructed by transplantation of the variable regions of the sequence of the type 4 subunit into the corresponding regions of the type 3 subunit. The chimeric isoenzymes exhibit unique catalytic properties. Replacement of all, or part, of variable region 4 of the type 3 subunit with that of the type 4 subunit results in chimeric catalysts with higher turnover numbers in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Analysis of the crystal structure of isoenzyme 3-3 [Ji, X., Zhang, P., Armstrong, R. N., & Gilliland, G. L. (1992) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)] suggests that interaction of the flexible C-terminal tail with the N-terminal domain helps limit the rate of product release from the active site of isoenzyme 3-3 in this type of reaction. Substitution of all, or part, of the sequence-variable region 1 of subunit 3 with that of subunit 4 results in chimeric isoenzymes that mimic the high stereoselectivity but not the catalytic efficiency of isoenzyme 4-4 toward alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones. Modular mutagenesis of the N-terminal variable region together with linear free energy relationships using para-substituted 4-phenyl-3-buten-2-ones and the crystal structure of isoenzyme 3-3 has allowed the rapid location of a mutation, V9I, which appears to be crucial in determining the stereoselectivity of the chimeras and, by implication, isoenzyme 4-4 toward phenylbutenones and arene oxides. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,SHADY GROVE,MD. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLL PK,MD 20742. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. RI Ji, Xinhua/C-9664-2012 OI Ji, Xinhua/0000-0001-6942-1514 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 30910] NR 26 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD OCT 27 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 42 BP 10185 EP 10193 DI 10.1021/bi00157a005 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA JV258 UT WOS:A1992JV25800005 PM 1420140 ER PT J AU JINNAI, H HASEGAWA, H HASHIMOTO, T HAN, CC AF JINNAI, H HASEGAWA, H HASHIMOTO, T HAN, CC TI INVERSION OF THE PHASE-DIAGRAM FROM UCST TO LCST IN DEUTERATED POLYBUTADIENE AND PROTONATED POLYBUTADIENE BLENDS SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Letter ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SEQUENCE DISTRIBUTION; POLYMER BLENDS; MISCIBILITY; BEHAVIOR; MIXTURES; COPOLYMER C1 KYOTO UNIV,DEPT POLYMER CHEM,KYOTO 60601,JAPAN. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Jinnai, Hiroshi/F-8456-2014 NR 13 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 26 PY 1992 VL 25 IS 22 BP 6078 EP 6080 DI 10.1021/ma00048a038 PG 3 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA JV821 UT WOS:A1992JV82100038 ER PT J AU MELLOUKI, A TALUKDAR, RK SCHMOLTNER, AM GIERCZAK, T MILLS, MJ SOLOMON, S RAVISHANKARA, AR AF MELLOUKI, A TALUKDAR, RK SCHMOLTNER, AM GIERCZAK, T MILLS, MJ SOLOMON, S RAVISHANKARA, AR TI ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIMES AND OZONE DEPLETION POTENTIALS OF METHYL-BROMIDE (CH3BR) AND DIBROMOMETHANE (CH2BR2) SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; OH; STRATOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY; METHANES; MODEL; FATE AB The rate coefficients for the reactions of OH radical with CH3Br and CH2Br2 were measured as functions of temperature using the laser photolysis - laser induced fluorescence method. This data was incorporated into a semi-empirical model [Solomon et al., 1992] and a 2-D model to calculate the steady - state Ozone Depletion Potentials (ODP) and atmospheric lifetimes, tau, with greatly improved accuracy as compared to earlier studies. The calculated ODPs and tau are 0.65 and 1.7 years and 0.17 and 0.41 years for CH3Br and CH2Br2, respectively, using the semi-empirical model. These lifetimes agree well with those calculated using a 2-D model. This study better quantifies the ODPs and tau of these species which are needed inputs for discussion of possible regulation of human emissions currently under international considerations. C1 CNRS,LCSR IC,F-45071 ORLEANS 02,FRANCE. UNIV WARSAW,DEPT CHEM,PL-02089 WARSAW,POLAND. RP MELLOUKI, A (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/G-4530-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Mills, Michael/B-5068-2010; Mellouki, Abdelwahid/H-5219-2011 OI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/0000-0001-6017-8431; Mills, Michael/0000-0002-8054-1346; Mellouki, Abdelwahid/0000-0002-6594-5262 NR 29 TC 101 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 23 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 20 BP 2059 EP 2062 DI 10.1029/92GL01612 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JW001 UT WOS:A1992JW00100017 ER PT J AU HANSON, DR AF HANSON, DR TI THE UPTAKE OF HNO3 ONTO ICE, NAT, AND FROZEN SULFURIC-ACID SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLAR AB The uptake of HNO3 onto ice, HNO3-H2O layers, and solid H2SO4/H2O solutions were studied in a cylindrical flow tube in conjunction with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer detection system. An efficient loss of HNO3 from the gas-phase to these surfaces was observed and the uptake coefficient was greater-than-or-equal-to 0.3. The HNO3-H2O layers formed, however, had HNO3 vapor pressures significantly in excess of the expected values for NAT (nitric acid trihydrate). Supersaturations in HNO3 of at least a factor of three and up to ten were observed suggesting a hindrance to the formation of NAT. These results imply that the condensation temperatures of Type I PSCs are 2-3 K colder than that expected for NAT. C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP HANSON, DR (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,REAL2,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 15 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 23 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 20 BP 2063 EP 2066 DI 10.1029/92GL02182 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JW001 UT WOS:A1992JW00100018 ER PT J AU EBERHARD, WL AF EBERHARD, WL TI ICE-CLOUD DEPOLARIZATION OF BACKSCATTER FOR CO2 AND OTHER INFRARED LIDARS SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE DEPOLARIZATION; CLOUDS; LIDAR; BACKSCATTERING ID POLARIZED LASER-LIGHT; MIXED-PHASE; CRYSTAL CLOUDS; WATER DROPLET; SCATTERING AB The depolarization of backscatter from ice particles at the CO2 lidar wavelength of 10.59 mum was investigated through field measurements, with simultanous depolarization measurements taken at 0.6943 mum for comparison. The depolarization ratio at the infrared wavelength was usually at or below the lidar's sensitivity limit of 0.01, which is dramatically smaller than the typical 0.5 linear depolarization ratio for short-wave lidars. This behavior is explained by the strong absorption of ice at the infrared wavelength. Depolarization measurements at a 10.59-mum wavelength cannot discriminate between ice and water clouds in the manner of short-wave lidars. A possibility exists for more prominent depolarization at shorter CO2 lidar wavelengths (e.g., 9.115 mum), but additional research is required. Depolarization at the 2.09-mum wavelength is predicted to be substantial and useful for hydrometeor observations. RP EBERHARD, WL (reprint author), NOAA,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,R-E-WP2,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Eberhard, Wynn/B-5402-2015 NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 20 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 30 BP 6485 EP 6490 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA JR914 UT WOS:A1992JR91400017 PM 20733866 ER PT J AU BRADLEY, RS KEIMIG, FT DIAZ, HF AF BRADLEY, RS KEIMIG, FT DIAZ, HF TI CLIMATOLOGY OF SURFACE-BASED INVERSIONS IN THE NORTH-AMERICAN ARCTIC SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE INVERSION AB The annual cycle of surface-bawd inversions at nine Arctic weather stations is examined, based on a 20-year set of daily 1200 UT significant level radiosonde data. All stations am at or near the coast. Inversions in winter months are primarily the result of strongly negative net radiation at the surface, whereas in summer, inversions more commonly result from near-surface cooling of warm air masses. Inversion frequency is at a maximum in winter (generally >70% of days) when inversions range from approximately 400 to approximately 850 m in thickness. Inversion thickness and strength (temperature change across the inversion) am strongly related to surface temperature. Inversions may involve temperature changes of >30-degrees-C in <1 km, with gradients of >6-degrees-C 100 m-1 during periods of extreme warm air advection aloft. Midwinter inversions commonly persist for 2-4 days, but may remain undisturbed for several weeks, affecting lower tropospheric chemistry. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP BRADLEY, RS (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT GEOL & GEOG,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 9 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D14 BP 15699 EP 15712 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JU835 UT WOS:A1992JU83500002 ER PT J AU PARUNGO, F KOPCEWICZ, B NAGAMOTO, C SCHNELL, R SHERIDAN, P ZHU, C HARRIS, J AF PARUNGO, F KOPCEWICZ, B NAGAMOTO, C SCHNELL, R SHERIDAN, P ZHU, C HARRIS, J TI AEROSOL-PARTICLES IN THE KUWAIT OIL FIRE PLUMES - THEIR MORPHOLOGY, SIZE DISTRIBUTION, CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION, TRANSPORT, AND POTENTIAL EFFECT ON CLIMATE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID POLLUTION; ALBEDO; SMOKE AB Airborne aerosol samples were collected with an impactor in the Kuwait oil fire plumes in late May 1991. A transmission electron microscope was used to examine the morphology and size distribution of the particles, and an X ray energy spectrometer was used to determine the elemental composition of individual particles. A chemical spot test was used to identify particles containing sulfate. The results show that the dominant particles were (1) agglomerates of spherical soot particles coated with sulfate, (2) cubic crystals containing NaCl and SO4=, (3) irregular-shaped dust containing Si, Al, Fe, Ca, K, and/or S, and (4) very small ammonium sulfate spherules. The concentrations of small sulfate particles increased at higher levels or greater distances from the fire, suggesting the transformation of SO2 gas to sulfate particles by photooxidation followed by homogeneous nucleation. The number of soot, salt, and dust particles that were coated with sulfate increased farther from the fire, and the thickness of the coating increased with altitude. This suggested that gas-to-particle conversion had occurred by means of catalytic oxidation combined with heterogeneous nucleation during the plume dispersion. Because the sulfate coating can modify the hydrophobic surfaces of soot and dust particles to make them hydrophilic, most of the particles in the plume apparently were active cloud condensation nuclei that could initiate clouds, fog, and smog, which in turn could affect regional surface temperature, air quality, and visibility. Long-range air trajectories suggested that some aerosols from the fires could have transported to eastern Asia. It seems possible (but is presently unproven) that a severe flood in China in June was influenced by aerosols from the plumes. C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP PARUNGO, F (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,AIR RESOURCES LAB,R-E-ARX1,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 16 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D14 BP 15867 EP 15882 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JU835 UT WOS:A1992JU83500013 ER PT J AU PARRISH, DD HAHN, CJ WILLIAMS, EJ NORTON, RB FEHSENFELD, FC SINGH, HB SHETTER, JD GANDRUD, BW RIDLEY, BA AF PARRISH, DD HAHN, CJ WILLIAMS, EJ NORTON, RB FEHSENFELD, FC SINGH, HB SHETTER, JD GANDRUD, BW RIDLEY, BA TI INDICATIONS OF PHOTOCHEMICAL HISTORIES OF PACIFIC AIR MASSES FROM MEASUREMENTS OF ATMOSPHERIC TRACE SPECIES AT POINT ARENA, CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PEROXYACETYL NITRATE PAN; NON-METHANE HYDROCARBONS; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; ODD-NITROGEN NOY; NIWOT-RIDGE; ORGANIC NITRATES; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; RURAL TROPOSPHERE; UNITED-STATES; NITRIC-OXIDE AB Measurements of light hydrocarbons, ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), HNO3, NO3-, NO(x), NO(y), and meteorological parameters were made during a 10-day period in April and May 1985 at Point Arena, a coastal inflow site on the Pacific Ocean in northern California. The meteorological measurements indicate that during this study the sampled air was usually from the marine boundary layer with little land influence on the meteorological parameters. In this marine air the mixing ratios of the alkanes, ozone, PAN, and HNO3 showed strong correlations coincident with variations in the origins of calculated air parcel trajectories and with variations in the ratios of the light alkanes. This variation in the ratios is attributed to different degrees of photochemical aging of the alkanes that are generally consistent with the calculated trajectories. This behavior indicates that the alkane levels are determined by transport to the marine area from continental sources, most likely Asian, followed by photochemical removal over the Pacific Ocean. Since the concentrations of PAN and ozone correlate well with the alkane ratios, it is concluded that the observed PAN and ozone were dominated by continental sources and removal processes in the marine areas. This and other marine studies have observed a strong correlation of PAN and ozone, and it is suggested that production over the continents, transport to the marine areas, and parallel removal processes account for much of the observed correlation. From the correlation of these two species with the measured alkane ratios, approximate net lifetimes of PAN and ozone in the marine troposphere of less-than-or-equal-to 2.5 and greater-than-or-equal-to 19 days, respectively, are derived. The primary conclusion is that the alkanes, ozone, and PAN in these air parcels from the Pacific marine troposphere are dominated by transport from continental sources and removal by photochemical processes. Direct emissions of the alkanes and in situ photochemical production of PAN and ozone from precursors emitted into the marine region from the surface or the stratosphere must play less important roles. Similar indications of continental influence in marine areas have been seen in other studies of ozone, the sulfur cycle, oxidized nitrogen, and hydrocarbons. It is suggested that the ratios of the light alkanes provide photochemical "clocks" that are useful for gauging the importance of continental influence in a particular marine measurement. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. NASA,AMES RES CTR,DIV EARTH SYST SCI,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. RP PARRISH, DD (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013 OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; NR 62 TC 168 Z9 166 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D14 BP 15883 EP 15901 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JU835 UT WOS:A1992JU83500014 ER PT J AU MOREAU, JP ALLIOT, JC MAZUR, V AF MOREAU, JP ALLIOT, JC MAZUR, V TI AIRCRAFT LIGHTNING INITIATION AND INTERCEPTION FROM INSITU ELECTRIC MEASUREMENTS AND FAST VIDEO OBSERVATIONS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AIRPLANE; THUNDERSTORMS; STRIKES; THREAT AB Multipoint electric field measurements on the French C-160 research airplane presented additional verification for a physical model of aircraft-triggered lightning as a bidirectional leader initiated on the aircraft. For the few lightning strikes to aircraft that were not aircraft-triggered, the multipoint electric field measurements proved that these strikes resulted from interception of the aircraft by natural lightning flashes. Video images of lightning channels at 200 frames per second provided the first and only physical evidence of the presence of a positive leader exiting from the positive pole of the airplane's electrical dipole. The existence of a small (< 1 A) positive leader current had been predicted in the physical model but had not yet been measured. Weak pulse processes found in magnetic field variations during positive leader development confirm the presence of small amplitude streamers in addition to a continuous leader process. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069. RP MOREAU, JP (reprint author), OFF NATL ETUD & RECH AEROSP,F-92322 CHATILLON,FRANCE. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D14 BP 15903 EP 15912 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JU835 UT WOS:A1992JU83500015 ER PT J AU NOVOKHATNY, V SCHWARZ, F ATHA, D INGHAM, K AF NOVOKHATNY, V SCHWARZ, F ATHA, D INGHAM, K TI DOMAIN-STRUCTURE AND DOMAIN DOMAIN INTERACTIONS IN THE CARBOXY-TERMINAL HEPARIN BINDING REGION OF FIBRONECTIN SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FIBRONECTIN; HEPARIN; DENATURATION; CALORIMETRY; TYPE-III DOMAIN ID HUMAN-PLASMA FIBRONECTIN; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; THERMAL-DENATURATION; ADHESIVE FUNCTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STABILITY; MACROMOLECULES; PROTEINS C1 AMER RED CROSS,HOLLAND LAB,15601 CRABBS BRANCH WAY,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855. CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL21791] NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD OCT 20 PY 1992 VL 227 IS 4 BP 1182 EP 1191 DI 10.1016/0022-2836(92)90530-W PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA JW721 UT WOS:A1992JW72100018 PM 1433292 ER PT J AU CAVICCHI, RE SEMANCIK, S ANTONIK, MD LAD, RJ AF CAVICCHI, RE SEMANCIK, S ANTONIK, MD LAD, RJ TI LAYER-BY-LAYER GROWTH OF EPITAXIAL SNO2 ON SAPPHIRE BY REACTIVE SPUTTER DEPOSITION SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; TIN OXIDE-FILMS; THIN-FILMS; DIACETATE; SURFACES; CRYSTALS AB Epitaxial films of stoichiometric tin oxide were grown on sapphire (1102BAR) substrates by reactive sputter deposition. X-ray diffraction showed the films to have a single (101) orientation. Lateral registry of film growth with respect to the substrate lattice was demonstrated by low energy electron diffraction. Atomic force microscopy was used to examine surface morphology and roughness. The films are extremely flat, having a rms roughness of 3 angstrom over a 4 X 4 mum2 area. Atomic steps, observed on the sapphire substrate and attributable to a 0.24-degrees miscut, were also observed on the surface of a 400 angstrom film. The results indicate that the film grew via a layer-by-layer growth mechanism which was controlled by diffusion of the adatoms to the step edges. C1 UNIV MAINE,SAWYER RES CTR,SURFACE SCI & TECHNOL LAB,ORONO,ME 04469. RP CAVICCHI, RE (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Lad, Robert/G-1669-2014 NR 14 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 19 PY 1992 VL 61 IS 16 BP 1921 EP 1923 DI 10.1063/1.108364 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA JT884 UT WOS:A1992JT88400016 ER PT J AU MACKEY, EA GORDON, GE LINDSTROM, RM ANDERSON, DL AF MACKEY, EA GORDON, GE LINDSTROM, RM ANDERSON, DL TI USE OF SPHERICAL TARGETS TO MINIMIZE EFFECTS OF NEUTRON-SCATTERING BY HYDROGEN IN NEUTRON-CAPTURE PROMPT GAMMA-RAY ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB For hydrogenous targets that are thinner than they are wide, element sensitivities (counts.s-1.mg-1) for determining concentrations of elements by neutron capture prompt gamma-ray activation analysis (PGAA) are enhanced relative to sensitivities obtained from measurements on nonhydrogenous materials. These enhancements are caused mainly by elastic neutron scattering by H, which changes the average neutron fluence rate within the matrix. The magnitude of the effect depends on the macroscopic scattering and absorption cross sections and on the size, shape, and orientation of the target with respect to the neutron beam. Sensitivities increase linearly with H density for thin targets of constant size and shape and also vary with target shape. Theoretical work was shown that element sensitivities for hydrogenous targets in the form of spheres are least affected by neutron scattering. Methods were devised for creating solid spheres and for containing liquids in spherical shapes. Element sensitivities were determined for spheres and disks of several hydrogenous materials. For H, B, Cl, K, Br, and Cd, sensitivities for spheres were found to be less affected by neutron scattering. Exceptions were Sm and Gd sensitivities measured in liquids contained in quartz globes. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLL PK,MD 20742. US FDA,DIV CONTAMINANTS CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP MACKEY, EA (reprint author), US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV INORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 15 PY 1992 VL 64 IS 20 BP 2366 EP 2371 DI 10.1021/ac00044a012 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JU109 UT WOS:A1992JU10900013 PM 1466451 ER PT J AU SUHM, MA FARRELL, JT MCILROY, A NESBITT, DJ AF SUHM, MA FARRELL, JT MCILROY, A NESBITT, DJ TI HIGH-RESOLUTION 1.3-MU-M OVERTONE SPECTROSCOPY OF HF DIMER IN A SLIT JET - K(A)=0[-0 AND K(A)=1[-0 SUBBANDS OF V(ACC)=2[-0 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-FLUORIDE DIMER; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; QUASI-ADIABATIC CHANNELS; VIBRATIONAL PREDISSOCIATION; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ABINITIO CALCULATION; ROTATIONAL PREDISSOCIATION; MOLECULAR VIBRATIONS; BONDED COMPLEXES; FREQUENCY-SHIFTS AB Continuous wave difference frequency mixing of a single mode Nd:YAG laser at 1.06 mum and a scanning, single mode ring dye laser (R6G) in a LiNbO3 Crystal generates a novel source of widely tunable near infrared radiation in the 1.2-2.2 mum region. In conjunction with the high sensitivity of a pulsed slit nozzle expansion with multipass optics (0.48 m path length), this narrow band source of tunable ir light allows the high resolution study of overtone (nu = 2<--0) spectra for a wide variety of molecular complexes with H stretching vibrations. In this paper, we report the first rotationally resolved spectra of (HF)2 in the first HF stretching overtone region. In particular, we observe K(a) = 1 <-- 0 and 0 <-- 0 subbands for a vibrational state from one member of the nu = 2 overtone triad in (HF)2 with a band center of 7682.8228(5) cm-1. We tentatively assign this state as the hydrogen bond acceptor (i.e., free) HF stretching overtone 2nu(acc) based on predissociation line widths and excellent agreement with predictions based on an anharmonic local mode description of (HF)2. Splittings of 0.2119 (5) cm-1 (K(a)' = 0) and 0.0942 (3) cm - 1 (K(a)' = 1 ) due to interconversion tunneling are found. From the observed intensity alternation due to nuclear spin statistical weights, the overall vibrational symmetry for K(a)' = 0 and 1 is unambiguously determined to be GAMMA(vib) = A+ and B+ for the lower and upper tunneling levels, respectively. These A+ and B+ symmetry designations correspond to irreducible representations of the M(S4) molecular symmetry group, which allows for large amplitude motion and exchange of the identical HF subunits. Predissociation line broadening is observed in each of the four upper vibrational levels which varies between 56(20) and 175(25) MHz and depends sensitively on both K(a)' and the tunneling symmetry. This tunneling symmetry dependence, together with the unusual K(a)' dependence of the tunneling splitting and the anomalously large intensity ratio between the parallel and perpendicular transitions, indicates the presence of vibrational resonances in the overtone region not clearly evidenced in the analysis of the corresponding fundamental HF stretch region. Our results are discussed in the context of earlier static cell FTIR spectra and recent ab initio predictions for this overtone state. The data suggest that the overtone dynamics in (HF)2 can not be satisfactorily described as an oscillator pair connected by a 1D interconversion pathway, and may instead involve substantial coupling to other intermolecular vibrational degrees of freedom. C1 UNIV COLORADO, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV COLORADO, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80302 USA. RI Suhm, Martin/B-4740-2009 OI Suhm, Martin/0000-0001-8841-7705 NR 72 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS 8 BP 5341 EP 5354 DI 10.1063/1.463794 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA JU516 UT WOS:A1992JU51600007 ER PT J AU DRIESSEN, JPJ ENO, L AF DRIESSEN, JPJ ENO, L TI 3-VECTOR CORRELATION THEORY FOR ORIENTATION ALIGNMENT STUDIES IN ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR-COLLISIONS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; REAGENT APPROACH GEOMETRY; IONIZATION CROSS-SECTION; ORBITAL ALIGNMENT; ASSOCIATIVE IONIZATION; LASER TECHNIQUES; REACTIVE SCATTERING; STATE; DEPENDENCE; DYNAMICS AB The laboratory integral cross section under crossed-beam conditions is examined for collisions between a structured and an unstructured species, where the orientation (or alignment) of the initial and final states is determined with respect to arbitrarily configured laboratory axes. Three parameters are necessary to characterize the mutual orientation of the relevant axes in this case and these parameters then also characterize the cross section. The laboratory cross section is expanded in terms of a more fundamental (angle-independent) set of cross sections as determined in the so-called collision frame, where projections of the structured species are taken with respect to the direction of the initial relative velocity vector. Drawing upon a number of symmetry relations, we count the numbers of fundamental cross sections for arbitrary initial and final angular momenta. Then we consider the explicit dependence on angular parameters which can be anticipated for the laboratory cross section. Finally, we raise a number of experimental considerations in attempting to determine the fundamental cross sections. These considerations are "fleshed out" by applying our cross-section analysis to a recent three-vector correlation experiment involving collisions between Ca and He. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302. CLARKSON UNIV,DEPT CHEM,POTSDAM,NY 13699. NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS 8 BP 5532 EP 5541 DI 10.1063/1.463786 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA JU516 UT WOS:A1992JU51600026 ER PT J AU AKCASU, AZ BAHAR, I ERMAN, B FENG, Y HAN, CC AF AKCASU, AZ BAHAR, I ERMAN, B FENG, Y HAN, CC TI THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL-STUDY OF DISSOLUTION OF INHOMOGENEITIES FORMED DURING SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION IN POLYMER MIXTURES SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESOLVED LIGHT-SCATTERING; HILLIARD-COOK THEORY; PHASE-SEPARATION; POLYVINYL METHYL-ETHER); BINARY-MIXTURES; BLENDS; POLYSTYRENE; KINETICS; DYNAMICS; FLUCTUATIONS AB Dissolution (mixing or melting) of inhomogeneities formed during spinodal decomposition in binary polymer mixtures is studied both experimentally and theoretically. The details of the dissolution experiment with time-resolved light scattering on polystyrene/poly(vinylmethylether) are presented. The theoretical approach differs from that of Langer, Bar-on, and Miller in the way the fluctuations are treated in the nonlinear theory, and in the details of the calculations arising from the chain connectivity (polymer effect). The effect of mode coupling arising from nonlinearity on the relaxation rate is discussed. It is found both experimentally and theoretically that the wave number corresponding to peak intensity decreases in time asymptotically following a t-0.5 power law. C1 BOGAZICI UNIV,SCH ENGN,BEBEK 80815,TURKEY. BOGAZICI UNIV,POLYMERS RES CTR,BEBEK 80815,TURKEY. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT NUCL ENGN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP AKCASU, AZ (reprint author), UNIV CONSTANCE,FAK PHYS,W-7750 CONSTANCE,GERMANY. OI ERMAN, BURAK/0000-0002-2496-6059 NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS 8 BP 5782 EP 5793 DI 10.1063/1.463737 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA JU516 UT WOS:A1992JU51600055 ER PT J AU KING, DS SAUDER, DG CASASSA, MP AF KING, DS SAUDER, DG CASASSA, MP TI PRODUCT KINETIC ENERGIES, CORRELATIONS, AND SCATTERING ANISOTROPY IN THE BIMOLECULAR REACTION O((1)D)+H2O-]20H SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Note ID VECTOR CORRELATIONS; DISSOCIATION; DYNAMICS; PHOTODISSOCIATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; DOPPLER; STATE C1 HOOD COLL,DEPT CHEM,FREDERICK,MD 21701. RP KING, DS (reprint author), US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 15 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS 8 BP 5919 EP 5922 DI 10.1063/1.463753 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA JU516 UT WOS:A1992JU51600072 ER PT J AU ROBERTSON, B HUBBARD, JB AF ROBERTSON, B HUBBARD, JB TI DETERMINING MOBILITY FROM HOMODYNE AC ELECTROPHORETIC LIGHT-SCATTERING SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article RP ROBERTSON, B (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD OCT 15 PY 1992 VL 153 IS 2 BP 457 EP 460 DI 10.1016/0021-9797(92)90337-L PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA JT521 UT WOS:A1992JT52100014 ER PT J AU STEPHENSON, D BRYAN, K AF STEPHENSON, D BRYAN, K TI LARGE-SCALE ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC-FIELDS GENERATED BY THE OCEANS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; WORLD OCEAN; LOW-FREQUENCY; MODEL AB The magnetostatic equations are used to derive a consistent set of equations capable of describing the global-scale, low-frequency electric and magnetic fields induced by the motion of the ocean through the geomagnetic field. The equations are solved numerically with realistic 2-degrees x 2-degrees topography in a global domain with ocean flow simulated by a detailed ocean circulation model. Estimates of the annual mean and the first annual harmonic of the electric potential, the vertical component of the oceanic magnetic field, and the vertically integrated electric current density stream function are obtained. With the idea of using electric and magnetic fields to deduce large-scale oceanic flow, emphasis is placed on the geographical location of interesting features. The fields are not found to be basin-wide but rather are found to be localized and strongest in shallow regions. The magnetic fields generated by ocean currents are of the order of 1 nT, and while these can be measured by magnetometers, they would be difficult to detect owing to contamination from other sources of magnetic variation. In finding the electric field, electric currents cannot be neglected where ocean currents cut across isobaths. However, in regions where the ocean flow is aligned with the isobaths, measurement of electric fields is sufficient to find the ocean flow. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS C10 BP 15467 EP 15480 DI 10.1029/92JC01400 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA JT996 UT WOS:A1992JT99600001 ER PT J AU WAGNER, CA CHENEY, RE AF WAGNER, CA CHENEY, RE TI GLOBAL SEA-LEVEL CHANGE FROM SATELLITE ALTIMETRY SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID GEOSAT ALTIMETRY; RADAR ALTIMETRY; STATE BIAS AB We examine the feasibility of using satellite altimeter data to measure the long-term change of global sea level (estimated from tide gauge data to be a rise of approximately 0.2 cm yr-1). Two and one-half years of collinear Geosat altimeter data (1986-1989) are used together with a 17-day set of Seasat altimetry (July-August 1978) having nearly the same ground track. A consistent set of precise orbits was used throughout, and residual orbit error was removed as a sinusoidal fit to approximately 3-day arcs of sea level collinear differences. The globally averaged Geosat data show sea level falling at 1.2 +/- 0.3 cm yr-1 over the first 2 years, even after removal of tide errors and instrument biases not accounted for in the Geosat geophysical data records. This unrealistic result is found to be due largely to long-term error in the ionospheric model for the single-frequency Geosat altimeter. The Geosat-Seasat comparison, based on data 10 years apart, shows an apparent sea level rise of 1.0 cm yr-1. Assuming this result is also unrealistic, a possible explanation is a biased scale to the Doppler-determined Geosat orbit which, unlike Seasat, did not have the benefit of laser tracking. It is also possible that the Geosat altimeter (without external in-orbit calibration) had a bias of the order of 10 cm. We conclude that for satellite altimetry to make a fundamental contribution to monitoring global mean sea level change, both the altimeter (including its media corrections) and the orbit model which provides a geocentric reference for the ocean surface will need continuing and careful calibration with absolute standards. RP WAGNER, CA (reprint author), NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,N-CG11,11400 ROCKVILLE PIKE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 36 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS C10 BP 15607 EP 15615 DI 10.1029/92JC01641 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA JT996 UT WOS:A1992JT99600012 ER PT J AU KRAUSS, M ROSZAK, S AF KRAUSS, M ROSZAK, S TI CALCULATION OF DISULFIDE NEUTRAL AND ANION MOLECULAR-EXCITATION ENERGIES SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STATE AB The calculation of excited states of molecules requires a multireference description of the wave function. First-order configuration interaction (FOCI) calculations provide such a description but are still feasible for relatively large systems. A test of the method is provided by modeling the spectra of the S-S- bond with the molecules HSS- and CH3SS-. The first excitation energy is assigned to a band in the rhodanese enzyme that has been attributed to a S-S- bond at the enzyme active site. The broad absorption spectra of the corresponding neutral molecules can also be understood from the FOCI calculations. Double excitations from the multiconfiguration reference is not required since reasonable agreement is obtained between the FOCI and multireference double CI excitation energies. C1 WROCLAW TECH UNIV,INST ORGAN & PHYS CHEM,PL-50370 WROCLAW,POLAND. RP KRAUSS, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD OCT 15 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 21 BP 8325 EP 8328 DI 10.1021/j100200a022 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA JU555 UT WOS:A1992JU55500022 ER PT J AU TSANG, W WALKER, JA AF TSANG, W WALKER, JA TI PYROLYSIS OF 1,7-OCTADIENE AND THE KINETIC AND THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY OF ALLYL AND 4-PENTENYL RADICALS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PULSE SHOCK-TUBE AB Dilute mixtures of 1,7-octadiene in argon have been decomposed in single-pulse shock tube experiments. The main reaction is the breaking of the carbon-carbon allylic bond leading to the formation of allyl and 4-pentenyl radicals. A minor pathway involving a retroene reaction yielded propene and 1,5-pentadiene. Most of the 4-pentenyl radical decomposes to form another allyl and ethylene. Contributions from a cyclization process resulting in the formation of cyclopentene have also been Allyl radical decomposition rate constants have been measured. The following rate expressions have been determined: k(1,7-octadiene-->allyl+4-pentenyl)=1.2+/-0.8X10(16) exp(-35700+/-400/T)s-1, k(1,7-octadiene-->propene+1,4-pentadiene) =(3+/-1.5)X10(12) exp(-27900+/-250/T)s-1, k(4-pentenyl-->cyclopentene+H)/k(4-pentenyl-->allyl+ethylene)=(6.9 +/-4)X10(-3) exp(2118+/-500/T), and k(allyl-->allene+H)=40+/-10 s-1 at 1080 K. When compared with lower temperature literature data on hydrogen addition to allene to form allyl, the present results are consistent with a resonance energy of 51+/-4 kJ/mol for the allyl radical, a step-size down for collisional deactivation in argon of 500 cm-1, and lead to the high-pressure rate expression k(allyl-->allene+H)=1.5x10(11)T0.84 exp(-30053/T) s-1 and k(H+allene)-->allyl)=1.2x10(8)T0.69 exp(-1513/T) L mol-1 s-1 over the temperature range 350-1200 K. The uncertainty for the decomposition reaction is estimated to be a factor of 1.3 at 1100 K, but may increase to 1 order of magnitude at the lower temperatures. For the addition reaction, the estimated uncertainties are a factor of 1.5 at 350 K increasing to a factor of 2.5 at 1100 K. The disproportionation to combination ratio for allyl radical under high-temperature conditions is considerably less than 0.005. RP TSANG, W (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 21 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD OCT 15 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 21 BP 8378 EP 8384 DI 10.1021/j100200a032 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA JU555 UT WOS:A1992JU55500032 ER PT J AU FELDSTEIN, SB AF FELDSTEIN, SB TI WAVE MEAN FLOW INTERACTION DURING THE LIFE-CYCLES OF BAROCLINIC WAVES SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BETA-PLANE MODEL; BAROTROPIC DECAY; INSTABILITY; ATMOSPHERE AB A two-layer quasigeostrophic beta-plane channel model is used to examine the role of the wave-mean flow interaction during the life cycles of baroclinic waves. Two cases are examined: a wide and a narrow jet limit. These two limits are required to satisfy the property that their instability lead to a realistic baroclinic life cycle consisting of baroclinic growth and barotropic decay. In order to characterize the properties of the zonal-wind tendency in the two cases, scaling arguments based on a study by Andrews and McIntyre are used. This scaling procedure is then used to explain the nonlocal (local) zonal-wind tendency during the realistic baroclinic life cycle for the wide (narrow) jet limit. Several differences between the properties of the two jet limits are found. For the wide jet limit, the acceleration at the center of the jet is confined to the growth stage. This contrasts the narrow jet limit where the jet is accelerated throughout the entire life cycle. These differences depend upon the lower-layer potential vorticity fluxes, which exhibit the same timing properties as the zonal-wind tendency. In addition, for both the wide and narrow jet limits, irreversible potential vorticity mixing is shown to force nonlocal and local permanent changes to the zonal wind, respectively. A comparison is also made between the vorticity flux and potential vorticity flux to determine which is a better predictor of the zonal-wind tendency. It is shown that in the wide (narrow) jet limit, the vorticity (potential vorticity) flux does better at predicting the zonal-wind tendency. It is also argued that one can use a barotropic model to study the temporal evolution of the upper-layer flow for both the narrow and wide jet limits. Last, it is shown that the properties of the inviscid calculations are retained when thermal forcing and surface Ekman friction are included. Calculations are performed with different values for the surface Ekman friction coefficient and with the thermal forcing coefficient fixed. For the wide (narrow) jet limit, it is found that the disturbance grows to a larger (smaller) total energy as the Ekman friction coefficient is increased (decreased). This behavior for the wide jet limit is explained in terms of an enhancement of the baroclinic energy conversions that overcome the barotropic governor mechanism of James and Gray. RP FELDSTEIN, SB (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD OCT 15 PY 1992 VL 49 IS 20 BP 1893 EP 1902 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1992)049<1893:WMFIDT>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JU534 UT WOS:A1992JU53400002 ER PT J AU JIA, JJ CALLCOTT, TA OBRIEN, WL DONG, QY MUELLER, DR EDERER, DL TAN, Z BUDNICK, JI AF JIA, JJ CALLCOTT, TA OBRIEN, WL DONG, QY MUELLER, DR EDERER, DL TAN, Z BUDNICK, JI TI SOFT-X-RAY-EMISSION STUDIES OF BULK FE3SI, FESI, AND FESI2, AND IMPLANTED IRON SILICIDES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SILICON; COSI AB Bulk iron silicides and implanted iron silicides have been studied by soft-x-ray emission (SXE) spectroscopy. The Si L2,3 emission spectra of these materials are measured. For bulk silicides, these spectra provide a measure of s- and d-type partial density of states (PDOS) localized on the Si sites. We compare them with available band-structure calculations and also with photoemission measurements. For implanted systems, the Si L2,3 emission spectra provide useful information about the silicide formation process with the variation of implant doses. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV CONNECTICUT,STORRS,CT 06269. RP JIA, JJ (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 15 BP 9446 EP 9451 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.46.9446 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JV112 UT WOS:A1992JV11200018 ER PT J AU TAN, ZQ HEALD, SM RAPPOSCH, M BOULDIN, CE WOICIK, JC AF TAN, ZQ HEALD, SM RAPPOSCH, M BOULDIN, CE WOICIK, JC TI GOLD-INDUCED GERMANIUM CRYSTALLIZATION SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SILICON; SI AB When in contact with metal, amorphous silicon (a-Si) or germanium (a-Ge) often crystallize at temperatures significantly lower than in their bulk form. In order to understand the role of the contact metal, we have studied the crystallization process of a-Ge/Au bilayers and codeposited a-Ge1-xAux films (x=0.04 and 0.22) by measuring the Ge and Au extended x-ray-absorption fine structure. Upon isothermal annealing, the Ge/Au bilayer crystallizes at 170-degrees-C, and concomitantly, a large amount of Au migrates into the Ge top layer. For codeposited films, the x=0.22 sample crystallizes at 130-degrees-C and the x=0.04 sample at 330-degrees-C. In the amorphous x=0.04 and 0.22 films, each Au atom on the average is bound with one to two Ge atoms at 2.4 angstrom, but does not have Au neighbors. As the films crystallize, Au transforms into fcc gold in the x=0.22 sample but remains bound with Ge in the x=0.04 sample. Our results demonstrate that Au-Ge bonding is significant in the a-Ge and may play an important role in lowering the Ge crystallization temperature. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT PHYS,STORRS,CT 06269. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP TAN, ZQ (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 17 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 15 BP 9505 EP 9519 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.46.9505 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JV112 UT WOS:A1992JV11200026 ER PT J AU WOICIK, JC KENDELEWICZ, T MIYANO, KE RICHTER, M BOULDIN, CE PIANETTA, P SPICER, WE AF WOICIK, JC KENDELEWICZ, T MIYANO, KE RICHTER, M BOULDIN, CE PIANETTA, P SPICER, WE TI EXTENDED X-RAY-ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF BOND-LENGTH CONSERVATION AT THE CLEAN INP(110) SURFACE SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Note ID III-V-SEMICONDUCTORS; 110 SURFACES; GAAS(110); AUGER AB Surface-sensitive extended x-ray-absorption fine structure has determined the near-neighbor bond lengths at the clean InP(110) surface. We find no change in the first-neighbor P-In bond length and a small but measurable, approximately 0.1 angstrom, expansion of the average P-P second-neighbor distance. Together with recent surface-sensitive x-ray standing-wave results [Woicik et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 341 (1992)], these data establish the bond-length-conserving rotation model for the nonpolar III-V semiconductor cleavage surfaces. C1 STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD ELECTR LABS,STANFORD,CA 94305. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT APPL PHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP WOICIK, JC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 15 BP 9869 EP 9872 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.46.9869 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JV112 UT WOS:A1992JV11200085 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, WD KAILOLA, PJ COLLETTE, BB AF ANDERSON, WD KAILOLA, PJ COLLETTE, BB TI 2 NEW SNAPPERS (TELEOSTEI, LUTJANIDAE, APSILINAE) - PARACAESIO-PARAGRAPSIMODON ANDERSON AND KAILOLA FROM THE WESTERN PACIFIC AND P-WALTERVADI ANDERSON AND COLLETTE FROM THE WESTERN INDIAN-OCEAN SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID FISHES; PISCES AB Two new species of Paracaesio, P. paragrapsimodon Anderson & Kailola (from off Ponape, Caroline Islands, and from off Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea) and P. waltervadi Anderson & Collette (from Walters Shoals, Madagascar Ridge, western Indian Ocean), are described from two specimens each. Paracaesio paragrapsimodon is easily distinguished from all other species of Paracaesio by the presence of prominent exserted canine teeth at anterior ends of upper and lower jaws and by its coloration in life (mostly deep metallic blue with some pale yellow on proximal halves of soft dorsal and soft anal fins, along middle of each caudal-fin lobe, and on dorsalmost parts of back and caudal peduncle), and P. waltervadi is recognized by the following combination of characters: tubed lateral-line scales 69 or 70, maxilla with scales, caudal-fin lunate, and coloration in life blue. A key to the species of Paracaesio is provided, nominal species of the Paracaesio xanthura complex are discussed, and brief comments on relationships of the species of Paracaesio are provided. C1 BUR RURAL RESOURCES,FISHERIES BRANCH,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SYSTEMAT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP ANDERSON, WD (reprint author), COLL CHARLESTON,GRICE MARINE BIOL LAB,205 FT JOHNSON,CHARLESTON,SC 29412, USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT 15 PY 1992 VL 105 IS 3 BP 443 EP 461 PG 19 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA JU727 UT WOS:A1992JU72700007 ER PT J AU MISRA, DN AF MISRA, DN TI REACTION OF ALIZARIN RED-S WITH HYDROXYAPATITE - STOICHIOMETRY AND SURFACE EFFECT SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES LA English DT Article DE ALIZARIN RED-S; CALCIUM SALT; HYDROXYAPATITE; STOICHIOMETRY AB The interaction of Alizarin Red S (3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenesulfonic acid, sodium salt) with hydroxyapatite was studied in aqueous solution. This interaction was designated in the literature as an adsorptive process, probably because it removed most of the dye from the aqueous solution below a certain concentration. It is, however, a reactive process since the analysis of phosphorus in the solution showed a linear rise with the amount of dye consumed, while the amount of calcium in the solution decreases. As the surface effects decrease, the ratio of the dye consumed to the phosphate ions released into the solution becomes constant, and equal to the Ca/P ratio in apatite. This supports the following stoichiometric equation Ca10(OH)2(PO4)6 + 10AzHNa --> 10CaAz(down) + 4HPO42- + 2H2PO4- + 10Na+ + 2H2O where AzHNa stands for Alizarin Red S. The calcium salt (CaAz.2H2O) was characterized by its elemental analysis and IR spectra. RP MISRA, DN (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6622 J9 COLLOID SURFACE PD OCT 14 PY 1992 VL 66 IS 3 BP 181 EP 187 DI 10.1016/0166-6622(92)80191-4 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA JV182 UT WOS:A1992JV18200002 ER PT J AU HLADY, WG HOPKINS, RS MAHAN, C MCFARLAND, L HEBERT, LJ AF HLADY, WG HOPKINS, RS MAHAN, C MCFARLAND, L HEBERT, LJ TI RAPID HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOLLOWING HURRICANE ANDREW - FLORIDA AND LOUISIANA, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 685-688, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 UNIV MIAMI,SCH MED,MIAMI,FL 33152. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. TULANE UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH & TROP MED,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL HURRICANE CTR,AMER RED CROSS,CORAL GABLES,FL 33124. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HLADY, WG (reprint author), DADE CTY PUBL HLTH UNIT,MIAMI,FL, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 14 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 14 BP 1838 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JR439 UT WOS:A1992JR43900016 ER PT J AU SMITH, MT TAYLOR, KT CLARK, CW AF SMITH, MT TAYLOR, KT CLARK, CW TI R-MATRIX THEORY OF 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION - APPLICATION TO BERYLLIUM AND CARBON SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTION CALCULATIONS; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; OPACITY CALCULATIONS; GENERAL PROGRAM; ATOMIC DATA; IONIZATION; DETACHMENT; MAGNESIUM; ELECTRON; ION AB An R-matrix theory of two-photon absorption is presented for a general atom within the confines of lowest-order perturbation theory. The theory has been used in extending the R-matrix general atom codes to calculate two-photon processes where neither photon has individually sufficient energy to ionize the atom. The extended codes have been employed in calculating the two-photon excitation of the closed-shell ground state of beryllium and also the two-photon ionization cross section for this state. Good agreement is obtained with results of recent calculations performed using a different method although the new method reaches higher energies. Contact is established with experimental results on two-photon absorption by beryllium. In addition, the two-photon ionization cross section of a ground-state open-shell atom-carbon-is calculated for the first time. C1 NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTRON & OPT PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP SMITH, MT (reprint author), UNIV LONDON,ROYAL HOLLOWAY & BEDFORD NEW COLL,DEPT MATH,EGHAM HILL,EGHAM TW20 0EX,SURREY,ENGLAND. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD OCT 14 PY 1992 VL 25 IS 19 BP 3985 EP 4004 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/25/19/010 PG 20 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA JT949 UT WOS:A1992JT94900010 ER PT J AU BILHAM, R BODIN, P AF BILHAM, R BODIN, P TI FAULT ZONE CONNECTIVITY - SLIP RATES ON FAULTS IN THE SAN-FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIFORNIA SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ANDREAS FAULT; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; GEOMETRY AB The slip rate of a fault segment is related to the length of the fault zone of which it is part. In turn, the slip rate of a fault zone is related to its connectivity with adjoining or contiguous fault zones. The observed variation in slip rate on fault segments in the San Francisco Bay area in California is consistent with connectivity between the Hayward, Calaveras, and San Andreas fault zones. Slip rates on the southern Hayward fault taper northward from a maximum of more than 10 millimeters per year and are sensitive to the active length of the Maacama fault. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,DEPT GEOL SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP BILHAM, R (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. OI Bilham, Roger/0000-0002-5547-4102 NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 9 PY 1992 VL 258 IS 5080 BP 281 EP 284 DI 10.1126/science.258.5080.281 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JR860 UT WOS:A1992JR86000029 PM 17835127 ER PT J AU MORRIS, RE HARRISON, WTA NICOL, JM WILKINSON, AP CHEETHAM, AK AF MORRIS, RE HARRISON, WTA NICOL, JM WILKINSON, AP CHEETHAM, AK TI DETERMINATION OF COMPLEX STRUCTURES BY COMBINED NEUTRON AND SYNCHROTRON X-RAY-POWDER DIFFRACTION SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES AB THE feasibility of determining crystal structures from powder diffraction data has improved substantially during the past decade. Early work using laboratory X-ray data1,2 has been followed by studies that take advantage of the higher resolution provided by synchrotron X-ray3 and neutron4 diffraction instrumentation. Other advances have been made in the computational aspects of the problem5,6. Nevertheless, there has remained a disparity between the complexity of structures that can be solved, ab initio, from powder data, and those that can in principle be refined by the Rietveld profile method7. For example, refinements with up to 34 atoms8 and 132 positional parameters9 have been reported, but the most complex unknown structure to be solved from powder data contains only 17 atoms in the asymmetric unit cell10. Here we describe the solution and refinement of Ga2(HPO3)3.4H2O, a novel framework structure with 29 atoms in the asymmetric unit cell and 117 structural parameters, by the combined use of synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction. Exploiting the complementary nature of these techniques further extends the power of powder diffraction for structure determination. C1 UNIV HOUSTON,DEPT CHEM,HOUSTON,TX 77204. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV MARYLAND,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP MORRIS, RE (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT MAT,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106, USA. RI Wilkinson, Angus/C-3408-2008; Morris, Russell/G-4285-2010 OI Wilkinson, Angus/0000-0003-2904-400X; Morris, Russell/0000-0001-7809-0315 NR 23 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 8 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 8 PY 1992 VL 359 IS 6395 BP 519 EP 522 DI 10.1038/359519a0 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JR859 UT WOS:A1992JR85900054 ER PT J AU PERLISKI, LM SOLOMON, S AF PERLISKI, LM SOLOMON, S TI RADIATIVE INFLUENCES OF PINATUBO VOLCANIC AEROSOLS ON TWILIGHT OBSERVATIONS OF NO2 COLUMN ABUNDANCES SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; DISTRIBUTIONS; STRATOSPHERE AB Following the massive eruption of Mt. Pinatubo during June of 1991, twilight slant column abundances of NO2 were observed to decrease by 30-40% at Lauder, New Zealand (45-degrees-S). Johnston et al. [1992] proposed that at most, 10-15% of the observed decrease could be due to alterations of the effective optical path of light received by the detector associated with increased scattering, the balance likely being the result of heterogeneous conversion of odd-nitrogen chemical species to nitric acid on the surfaces of the volcanic aerosols. In this study, it is shown that nearly all of the observed decrease in twilight NO2 slant column abundance is likely to be due to heterogeneous chemistry. Airmass factors calculated with a spherical Monte Carlo radiative transfer model are shown to be relatively insensitive to the presence of the Pinatubo volcanic aerosols above about 20 km, although some significant differences are obtained below this altitude. Changes in photolysis rates due to increased scattering are also shown to have only a small effect on the total twilight NO2 column abundances. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 2 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 19 BP 1923 EP 1926 DI 10.1029/92GL01938 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JR219 UT WOS:A1992JR21900007 ER PT J AU BOLSENGA, SJ VANDERPLOEG, HA AF BOLSENGA, SJ VANDERPLOEG, HA TI ESTIMATING PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY AVAILABLE RADIATION INTO OPEN AND ICE-COVERED FRESH-WATER LAKES FROM SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS - A HIGH TRANSMITTANCE CASE-STUDY SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT FORTY-YEAR JUBILEE SYMP OF THE FINNISH LIMNOLOGICAL SOC : THE DYNAMICS AND USE OF LACUSTRINE ECOSYSTEM CY AUG 06-10, 1990 CL UNIV HELSINKI, VIIKKI CAMPUS, HELSINKI, FINLAND SP FINNISH LIMNOL SOC HO UNIV HELSINKI, VIIKKI CAMPUS DE PAR TRANSMITTANCE; FRESH-WATER ICE; LAKE ENERGY BUDGETS AB A simple technique, based on several published studies, is presented to estimate photosynthetically available radiation (PAR: 400-700 nm) at the air/water and ice/water interfaces on freshwater lakes. Grand Traverse Bay of Lake Michigan of the Laurentian Great Lakes before, during, and after ice cover is used as a case study. The technique depends on assigning PAR transmittances to air/water or air/ice surfaces from empirically determined relationships. During ice cover, PAR reaching the water column under the ice exceeded 45% of incoming PAR, on the average, due to the amount of clear ice present on the bay. RP BOLSENGA, SJ (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. OI Vanderploeg, Henry/0000-0003-1358-8475 NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD OCT 2 PY 1992 VL 243 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1007/BF00007024 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JZ963 UT WOS:A1992JZ96300010 ER PT J AU VANDERPLOEG, HA BOLSENGA, SJ FAHNENSTIEL, GL LIEBIG, JR GARDNER, WS AF VANDERPLOEG, HA BOLSENGA, SJ FAHNENSTIEL, GL LIEBIG, JR GARDNER, WS TI PLANKTON ECOLOGY IN AN ICE-COVERED BAY OF LAKE-MICHIGAN - UTILIZATION OF A WINTER PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM BY REPRODUCING COPEPODS SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT FORTY-YEAR JUBILEE SYMP OF THE FINNISH LIMNOLOGICAL SOC : THE DYNAMICS AND USE OF LACUSTRINE ECOSYSTEM CY AUG 06-10, 1990 CL UNIV HELSINKI, VIIKKI CAMPUS, HELSINKI, FINLAND SP FINNISH LIMNOL SOC HO UNIV HELSINKI, VIIKKI CAMPUS DE WINTER ECOLOGY; UNDER-ICE ECOLOGY; PLANKTON; GREAT LAKES; ICE; COPEPODS ID DIAPTOMUS-SICILIS; SELECTIVITY; SIZE AB Plankton ecology was examined during the 1986 winter in Grand Traverse Bay, a 190 m deep, fjord-like bay on Lake Michigan. Before ice cover, algal concentration was low and uniformly distributed with depth, as it is in open Lake Michigan. During ice cover (February and March), a bloom of a typical winter-spring phytoplankton community developed in the upper 40 m, resulting in a 4 to 7-fold increase in feeding rate of adult Diaptomus spp. High algal concentration and zooplankton feeding persisted after ice melt (April). During and after ice cover, lipid concentrations of Diaptomus dropped rapidly from 34% of dry weight to 17% because of egg production. High incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), high (45-50%) PAR transmittance of the ice due to little snow on the ice, and water column stability were probably responsible for the bloom. High ice transparency may be a common feature of large lakes and bays, where strong winds blow snow cover off the ice, or at low latitudes where snowmelt due to occasional rains and warm temperature is common. Winter reproducing calanoid copepods use these blooms to increase their reproductive output. RP VANDERPLOEG, HA (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. OI Liebig, James/0000-0002-0433-9066; Vanderploeg, Henry/0000-0003-1358-8475 NR 26 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD OCT 2 PY 1992 VL 243 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.1007/BF00007033 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JZ963 UT WOS:A1992JZ96300019 ER PT J AU CHUANG, TJ CHU, JL LEE, S AF CHUANG, TJ CHU, JL LEE, S TI ASYMMETRIC TIP MORPHOLOGY OF CREEP MICROCRACKS GROWING ALONG BIMATERIAL INTERFACES SO ACTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; CRACK-GROWTH; ALUMINA; CAVITATION; DIFFUSION; FRACTURE; FAILURE AB The asymmetric tip morphology of a creep microcrack propagating along a bimaterial interface is presented based on the assumptions that the near-tip shapes are developed from surface diffusion controlled crack growth and that a steady state prevails. Following Chuang and Rice, a single master curve still can adequately describe the near-tip shapes to within 6% accuracy, but four cases of crack-tip morphology emerge depending on the ratios of surface to interfacial free energy and diffusivity of the adjoining phases. For fixed ratios of the two surface diffusivities, crack tip morphology maps in the space of specific surface energies are constructed with which areas associated with each individual case are indicated. Predicted cases on a set of bimaterial systems are tabulated and discussed. TEM photos of creep crack tips in alumina and silicon nitride are presented for illustration. The information given here is essential to a coupled analysis of diffusion and elastic deformation at a composite interface which may ultimately yield predictions of the delamination rate between the reinforcing phase and the matrix phase as a function of applied stress, temperature and other relevant materials' constants. C1 NATL TSING HUA UNIV, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, HSINCHU 30043, TAIWAN. RP CHUANG, TJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV CERAM, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-7151 J9 ACTA METALL MATER JI Acta Metall. Mater. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 40 IS 10 BP 2683 EP 2691 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA JM229 UT WOS:A1992JM22900023 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, LH AF SCHWARTZ, LH TI PLANNING TOGETHER FOR EFFECTIVE GOVERNMENT INDUSTRY TEAMING SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article RP SCHWARTZ, LH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MATERIALS SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 SN 0026-0665 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 142 IS 4 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA JR386 UT WOS:A1992JR38600003 ER PT J AU RUMBLE, J CARPENTER, J AF RUMBLE, J CARPENTER, J TI MATERIALS STEP INTO THE FUTURE SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB The Standard for the Exchange of Product Data, or STEP, will allow computer transfer of all information about a product design, including materials properties. RP RUMBLE, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,A323 PHYS BLDG,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 SN 0026-0665 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 142 IS 4 BP 23 EP 27 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA JR386 UT WOS:A1992JR38600004 ER PT J AU QUINN, G AF QUINN, G TI ASTM COMMITTEE C-28, ADVANCED CERAMICS - A PROGRESS REPORT SO AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article RP QUINN, G (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & CONTROL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7812 J9 AM CERAM SOC BULL JI Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1508 EP 1510 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA JR959 UT WOS:A1992JR95900005 ER PT J AU MCGOVERN, WE AF MCGOVERN, WE TI THE RANGE OF A DATA SET - ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE STANDARD-DEVIATION FOR VARIOUS DISTRIBUTIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Note ID ESTIMATOR RP MCGOVERN, WE (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,TECHNIQUES DEV LAB,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 60 IS 10 BP 943 EP 944 DI 10.1119/1.17139 PG 2 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA JP224 UT WOS:A1992JP22400020 ER PT J AU PAP, JM AF PAP, JM TI VARIATIONS IN SOLAR LYMAN ALPHA-IRRADIANCE ON SHORT-TIME SCALES SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE UV-RADIATION; ACTIVITY OF THE SUN; FACULAE; SUNSPOTS ID ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIANCE; ACTIVE REGION; RADIO FLUX; EVOLUTION; SUNSPOTS; INDEXES; CYCLE AB Variations in solar UV irradiance at Lyman alpha are studied on short time scales (from days to months) after removing the long-term changes over the solar cycle. The SME/Lyman alpha irradiance is estimated from various solar indices using linear regression analysis. In order to study the non-linear effects, Lyman alpha irradiance is modelled with a 5th-degree polynomial as well. It is shown that the full-disk equivalent width of the He line at 1083 nm, which is used as a proxy for the plages and active network, can best reproduce the changes observed in Lyman alpha. Approximately 72% of the solar-activity-related changes in Lyman alpha irradiance arise from plages and the network. The network contribution is estimated by the correlation analysis to be about 19%. It is shown that significant variability remains in Lyman alpha irradiance, with periods around 300, 27 and 13.5 d, which is not explained by the solar activity indices. It is shown that the non-linear effects cannot account for a significant part of the unexplained variation in Lyman alpha irradiance. Therefore, additional events (e.g. large-scale motions and/or a systematic difference in the area and intensity of the plages and network observed in the lines of Ca-K, He 1083 and Lyman alpha) may explain the discrepancies found between the observed and estimated irradiance values. C1 UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 264 IS 1 BP 249 EP 259 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA JR588 UT WOS:A1992JR58800036 ER PT J AU GUDEL, M AF GUDEL, M TI RADIO AND X-RAY-EMISSION FROM MAIN-SEQUENCE K-STARS SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Letter DE STARS, ACTIVITY; STARS, CORONAE; STARS, LATE-TYPE; RADIO CONTINUUM, STARS; X-RAYS, STARS ID DWARF STARS; MICROWAVE EMISSION; DRACONIS VARIABLES; CORONAE; EINSTEIN; ROTATION; EXOSAT AB A small VLA radio continuum survey of 12 selected active, main-sequence K stars is presented. The targets are uniformly distributed between spectral types K0 and K8; five are single stars, five are spectroscopic binaries, and two are visual binaries. All targets are within 25 pc and were selected based on strong X-rays, rapid rotation, or strong Ca II emission lines. Seven targets were detected at the observing frequency of 8.5 GHz (3.6 cm), while sensitive upper limits are reported for the non-detections. The radio luminosities are comparable to active M dwarfs. Radio and X-ray luminosities L(R) and L(X) fulfil a relation that was previously found for M dwarfs, with L(R) is-proportional-to L(X) over 3 orders of magnitude. We further find that the more rapidly rotating K dwarfs are stronger radio emitters, irrespective of spectral type. C1 NBS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP GUDEL, M (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RI Guedel, Manuel/C-8486-2015 OI Guedel, Manuel/0000-0001-9818-0588 NR 27 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 264 IS 2 BP L31 EP L34 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA JV055 UT WOS:A1992JV05500005 ER PT J AU SAKEN, JM SHULL, JM GARMANY, CD NICHOLSBOHLIN, J FESEN, RA AF SAKEN, JM SHULL, JM GARMANY, CD NICHOLSBOHLIN, J FESEN, RA TI AN INFRARED SUPERSHELL SURROUNDING THE CYGNUS OB1 ASSOCIATION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE DUST, EXTINCTION; INFRARED, INTERSTELLAR, CONTINUUM; OPEN CLUSTERS AND ASSOCIATIONS, INDIVIDUAL (CYGNUS OB1) ID WOLF-RAYET STARS; INTERSTELLAR BUBBLES; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; STELLAR CONTENT; MASSIVE STARS; O-STARS; DISK; SUPERBUBBLE; EVOLUTION; EMISSION AB Using IRAS Skyflux images and a new catalog of OB stars in the Cygnus region, we have identified a complete infrared supershell surrounding the Cyg OB1 association. This supershell is seen as a conspicuous and well-defined 2-degrees x 5-degrees region deficient of IR emission, with a limb-brightened edge and dimensions of about 50 x 130 pc at 1.5 kpc. We present IRAS Skyflux images of the supershell along with color-corrected fluxes of the shell's limb-brightened edge. These fluxes, together with a two-temperature grain emission model, allow us to estimate the shell's dust temperature range, infrared luminosity, and total mass of gas and dust. The shell's elongated morphology is consistent with OB-star subclustering over the approximately 10(6) yr age of the bubble. With a parent star cluster still visible (10 O stars between 25 and 45 M., three to four Wolf-Rayet stars, and the possibility of three to five more massive stars that died as supernovae), the Cyg OB1 supershell is an excellent object for studying the formation and evolution of Galactic supershells. A discrepancy between the less-than-or-equal-to 1 Myr bubble age estimated from its size and the 5 Myr cluster turnoff age may require noncoeval massive star formation to explain the number of post-main-sequence stars and limit the number of past supernovae. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. COMP SCI CORP,IUE OBSERV,LANHAM,MD 20706. DARTMOUTH COLL,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,HANOVER,NH 03755. RP SAKEN, JM (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE ASTRON,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 34 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 1992 VL 397 IS 2 BP 537 EP 541 DI 10.1086/171810 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA JQ075 UT WOS:A1992JQ07500019 ER PT J AU BENCSURA, A KNYAZEV, VD SLAGLE, IR GUTMAN, D TSANG, W AF BENCSURA, A KNYAZEV, VD SLAGLE, IR GUTMAN, D TSANG, W TI WEAK COLLISION EFFECTS IN THE REACTION CH3CO [--] CH3 + CO SO BERICHTE DER BUNSEN-GESELLSCHAFT-PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE CHEMICAL KINETICS; ELEMENTARY REACTIONS; MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS; RADICALS ID KINETIC DATA-BASE; SHOCK-TUBE; COMBUSTION CHEMISTRY; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; ACETYL RADICALS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; DECOMPOSITION; PHOTOLYSIS; METHYL; O2 AB Rate constants for the unimolecular decomposition of CH3CO have been obtained as a function of temperature (420 - 500 K) and helium density (3 - 18 . 10(16) atom cm-3), conditions which are in the second order region of the fall-off curve. An Arrhenius expression for the low-pressure limit unimolecular rate constant was obtained from the results, k1o(He) = (6.7 +/- 1.8) . 10(-9) exp[(-6921 +/- 126 K)/T] cm3 molecule-1 s-1. Using a Master Equation formalism to calculate values of k1, a set of the two energy parameters needed in the calculations, E(o) and [DELTAE]down (including its temperature dependence), was found that is within the range of expected values (including a temperature dependence in the case of [DELTAE]down), which, when incorporated into the Master Equation, provides calculated rate constants which agree well with the measured ones. They are E(o) = 65.3 +/- 4.0 kJ mol-1 and [DELTAE]down = 65.6 + 0.271 T cm-1 (the latter, a parameterized expression, is valid only in the temperature range of this study). A transition state model for the unimolecular decomposition of CH3CO Was produced which provides high-pressure limit rate constants for this reaction (k1infinity(CH3CO --> CH3 + CO) = 2.50 . 10(13) exp(-8244 K/T) s-1 and k-1infinity(CH3 + CO --> CH3CO) = 7.64 . 10(-13) exp(-3073 K/T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1) and k(E) values for solving the Master Equation for reaction conditions that are in the fall-off region. Fall-off behavior of k1 and k-1 reported by others for several different bath gases was reproduced within the uncertainty limits of the experimental results using the Master Equation formalism incorporating the transition state model, the energy parameter E(o) given above, and reasonable values for [DELTAE]down for the different bath gases used. This Master Equation formalism and transition state model should provide unimolecular rate constants for reaction (1, -1) in the fall-off region for additional bath gases using reasonable estimates of [DELTAE]down (e.g., values obtained for this energy-transfer parameter for collisions between other polyatomic radicals and the bath gases of interest). C1 CATHOLIC UNIV AMER,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20064. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Bencsura, Akos/C-5696-2008 NR 43 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0005-9021 J9 BER BUNSEN PHYS CHEM JI Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 96 IS 10 BP 1338 EP 1347 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA KD237 UT WOS:A1992KD23700003 ER PT J AU BALDOCCHI, D AF BALDOCCHI, D TI A LAGRANGIAN RANDOM-WALK MODEL FOR SIMULATING WATER-VAPOR, CO-2 AND SENSIBLE HEAT-FLUX DENSITIES AND SCALAR PROFILES OVER AND WITHIN A SOYBEAN CANOPY SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT VELOCITY SCALE; INHOMOGENEOUS TURBULENCE; PARTICLE TRAJECTORIES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; PLANT CANOPIES; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SOURCE DISTRIBUTIONS; VEGETATION CANOPIES AB An integrated canopy micrometeorological model is described for calculating CO2, water vapor and sensible heat exchange rates and scalar concentration profiles over and within a crop canopy. The integrated model employs a Lagrangian random walk algorithm to calculate turbulent diffusion. The integrated model extends previous Lagrangian modelling efforts by employing biochemical, physiological and micrometeorological principles to evaluate vegetative sources and sinks. Model simulations of water vapor, CO2 and sensible heat flux densities are tested against measurements made over a soybean canopy, while calculations of scalar profiles are tested against measurements made above and within the canopy. The model simulates energy and mass fluxes and scalar profiles above the canopy successfully. On the other hand, model calculations of scalar profiles inside the canopy do not match measurements. The tested Lagrangian model is also used to evaluate simpler modelling schemes, as needed for regional and global applications. Simple, half-order closure modelling schemes (which assume a constant scalar profile in the canopy) do not yield large errors in the computation of latent heat (LE) and CO2 (F(c)) flux densities. Small errors occur because the source-sink formulation of LE and F(c) are relatively insensitive to changes in scalar concentrations and the scalar gradients are small. On the other hand, complicated modelling frames may be needed to calculate sensible heat flux densities; the source-sink formulation of sensible heat is closely coupled to the within-canopy air temperature profile. RP BALDOCCHI, D (reprint author), NOAA,DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS,POB 2456,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009 OI Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919 NR 72 TC 83 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 61 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 144 DI 10.1007/BF02033998 PG 32 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JQ051 UT WOS:A1992JQ05100007 ER PT J AU CARTER, DA ECKLUND, WL GAGE, KS SPOWART, M COLE, HL CHAMBERLAIN, EF DABBERDT, WF WILSON, J AF CARTER, DA ECKLUND, WL GAGE, KS SPOWART, M COLE, HL CHAMBERLAIN, EF DABBERDT, WF WILSON, J TI 1ST TEST OF A SHIPBOARD WIND PROFILER SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC AB The Aeronomy Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Atmospheric Technology Division of the National Center for Atmospheric Research are jointly developing Integrated Sounding Systems (ISS) for use in support of TOGA (Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere) and TOGA COARE (Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment). Some of the ISS units will have to be operated on research ships during TOGA COARE's intensive observing period in late 1992 and early 1993. The greatest technical challenge in adapting the ISS to shipboard use is to stabilize the UHF wind profiler that is an integral part of the ISS. In June 1991 a UHF wind-profiling Doppler radar was installed on a stabilized platform aboard the NOAA research vessel Malcolm Baldrige on an eight-day cruise in the Atlantic Ocean. The wind profiler was gyrostabilized and profiler winds were corrected for ship motion utilizing the Global Positioning System. During the eight days at sea, CLASS (Cross-Chain LORAN Atmospheric Sounding System) and OMEGA Sounding System balloons were launched on-board ship for wind profile comparisons. Results of the comparisons show excellent agreement between wind profiles, with an rms difference of about 1 m s-1 in wind speed. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,DIV ATMOSPHER TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80307. UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRON SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP CARTER, DA (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 73 IS 10 BP 1587 EP 1592 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1992)073<1587:FTOASW>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JV506 UT WOS:A1992JV50600007 ER PT J AU SMITH, PE LO, NCH BUTLER, JL AF SMITH, PE LO, NCH BUTLER, JL TI LIFE-STAGE DURATION AND SURVIVAL PARAMETERS AS RELATED TO INTERDECADAL POPULATION VARIABILITY IN PACIFIC SARDINE SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Surveys in the Southern California Bight have shown rapid increases in the spawning rate of Pacific sardine over the past decade. We found simple deterministic population models to be useful for examining the rates of change observed in the sardine population. We first describe the ''best guess'' parameters of an equilibrium sardine population with the Leslie matrix model. From this we determine that small changes in annual mortality rate of the O-group impose high rates of change in the population We then erect a Lefkovitch matrix model, whiCh uses life stages rather than ages, to emphasize the parameters of the early life stages. From this study, we can specify the range of growth rates and the changes in Survival rates for each developmental stage, as well as the adult parameters required to evaluate the observed rates of change. Changes in egg production rates imply important changes in the sardine population. Therefore, examination of these rates of change can offer insight into the frequency and precision Of population assessment and recruitment prediction required for effective management of fisheries on sardines and other stocks. RP SMITH, PE (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV COASTAL,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 33 BP 41 EP 49 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA JV497 UT WOS:A1992JV49700004 ER PT J AU WATSON, W AF WATSON, W TI DISTRIBUTION OF LARVAL PACIFIC SARDINE, SARDINOPS-SAGAX, IN SHALLOW COASTAL WATERS BETWEEN OCEANSIDE AND SAN-ONOFRE, CALIFORNIA - 1978-1986 SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Spatial and temporal distributions of larval Pacific sardine, Sardinops sagax, were investigated at two nearshore sites between San Onofre and Oceanside, California. Neuston, midwater, and epibenthic samples were collected at night with plankton nets towed at a randomly selected isobath within each of five sampling blocks between the 6-m and 75-m isobaths at each site. The San Onofre site was sampled from January 1978 through September 1986; the site near Oceanside was sampled from July 1979 through September 1986. Sampling frequency varied from weekly to quarterly, depending on other requirements of the study. The average cross-shelf distribution of larvae differed little from year to year: abundance usually was highest between the 12-m and 45-m isobaths, particularly for yolk-sac and preflexion larvae. Densities were typically highest in midwater. Vertical and cross-shelf distributions were similar at both study sites. Larvae were found nearly year-round, but were most abundant in summer and fall. Seasonal abundance patterns differed relatively little between sites or from year to year. Abundance was quite low from 1978 to 1980, then increased dramatically to a peak in 1984. The results of this study, together with other published reports, suggest that the resurgence of the Pacific sardine off southern California in the early 1980s began in 1981 in shallow waters along the central southern California coast. RP WATSON, W (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 33 BP 89 EP 99 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA JV497 UT WOS:A1992JV49700008 ER PT J AU HOLLOWED, AB AF HOLLOWED, AB TI SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF PACIFIC HAKE, MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS, LARVAE AND ESTIMATES OF SURVIVAL DURING EARLY LIFE STAGES SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Information on the distribution and abundance of Pacific hake larvae was examined for evidence of strong or weak year classes and larval drift. Estimates of larval mortality rates were derived and applied to a life-table simulation to examine hypotheses about factors that produce strong or weak year classes. Indices of late-stage larval abundance indicated that strong year classes were established during the egg or larval stage of development. Estimates of larval mortality applied to a life-table simulation also indicated that strong year classes were established during the early or late larval period. Analysis of the spatial distribution of larvae indicated that inshore regions and regions west of Point Conception are favorable to survival of hake larvae. RP HOLLOWED, AB (reprint author), ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,BIN C15700,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 0 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 4 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 33 BP 100 EP 123 PG 24 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA JV497 UT WOS:A1992JV49700009 ER PT J AU MULLIN, AS MURRAY, KK SCHULZ, CP SZAFLARSKI, DM LINEBERGER, WC AF MULLIN, AS MURRAY, KK SCHULZ, CP SZAFLARSKI, DM LINEBERGER, WC TI AUTODETACHMENT SPECTROSCOPY OF VIBRATIONALLY EXCITED ACETALDEHYDE ENOLATE ANION, CH2CHO- SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LABORATORY MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; LASER MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; DIPOLE-SUPPORTED STATE; INFRARED-SPECTRUM; MOLECULAR-IONS; DYNAMICS; RESOLUTION; BANDS AB The autodetachment spectrum of acetaldehyde enolate anion, CH2CHO-, is recorded near 14180 cm-1 using a coaxial laser-ion threshold photodetachment spectrometer. The spectrum represents transitions from nu3 = 1 in the nu3 C-C-O bending mode of CH2CHO- to v = O in the autodetaching dipole-bound state of the anion. The 32 rotationally resolved (0, 1) hot band transitions reported here were fit to Watson's A-reduced Hamiltonian in conjunction with the previously reported (0, 0) transitions. Rotational constants for nu3 v = 1 of the ground electronic state are determined to be A = 2.782(2) cm-1, B = 1.3619(4) cm-1, and C = 0.3147(4) cm-1. The (0, 1) band origin is 14186.928(8) cm-1, which places omega0 for the nu3 mode at 525.82(1) cm-1. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI Mullin, Amy/C-4099-2009; OI Murray, Kermit/0000-0002-4976-2263 NR 31 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1992 VL 166 IS 1-2 BP 207 EP 213 DI 10.1016/0301-0104(92)87019-6 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA JQ463 UT WOS:A1992JQ46300019 ER PT J AU CURRIE, LA AF CURRIE, LA TI TAYLOR,JOHN,KEENAN - OBITUARY SO CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS LA English DT Item About an Individual RP CURRIE, LA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7439 J9 CHEMOMETR INTELL LAB JI Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 16 IS 2 BP 169 EP 169 DI 10.1016/0169-7439(92)80055-9 PG 1 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA JY542 UT WOS:A1992JY54200006 ER PT J AU SZANTO, M READ, DT AF SZANTO, M READ, DT TI J-INTEGRAL APPLIED TO STRESS-STRAIN CONCENTRATIONS SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID CRACK AB J. R. Rice's 1968 paper introduced the J-integral for analysis of stress concentrations at cracks and notches. Using the J-integral, we develop a new approach for estimating stress-strain concentrations at notches. We consider a three-point-bend specimen containing a notch with a semi-circular root. We show that direct finite element analysis results for stress-strain concentrations at notch roots depend strongly on mesh refinement, while both the J-integral and the notch root stress and strain calculated from the J-integral are much less sensitive to mesh refinement. We also show that, since the J-integral is nearly insensitive to small-scale yielding, the computational burden of analyzing notches can be reduced significantly by using linear elastic analysis and by avoiding the need for mesh refinement at notch roots. An example of application of this method to life prediction is given. RP SZANTO, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 43 IS 3 BP 401 EP 415 DI 10.1016/0013-7944(92)90109-R PG 15 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA JR510 UT WOS:A1992JR51000006 ER PT J AU AUSTER, PJ GRISWOLD, CA YOUNGBLUTH, MJ BAILEY, TG AF AUSTER, PJ GRISWOLD, CA YOUNGBLUTH, MJ BAILEY, TG TI AGGREGATIONS OF MYCTOPHID FISHES WITH OTHER PELAGIC FAUNA SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE MIDWATER; FAUNAL ASSOCIATIONS; SUBMERSIBLE; BEHAVIOR ID BENTHOSEMA-GLACIALE; ZOOPLANKTON; ATLANTIC; BEHAVIOR; OCEAN; PISCES; WATER; SLOPE; GULF AB Direct underwater observations of myctophid fishes were conducted to 630 m in submarine canyons along the outer margin of the northeast United States continental shelf with the Johnson-Sea-Link II submersible. Data revealed that myctophids occurred in aggregations of other pelagic fauna (e.g., ctenophores, sergestids, amphipods) when densities of the former were low but the latter were high. We suggest that myctophids selectively occur with other pelagic fauna to reduce the probability of direct contact with predators and to take advantage of aggregate search abilities for common prey taxa. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES CTR,NARRAGANSETT LAB,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. OCEANOG INST,HARBOR BRANCH,FT PIERCE,FL 34946. RP AUSTER, PJ (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,NOAA,NATL UNDERSEA RES CTR,GROTON,CT 06340, USA. NR 37 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 2 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1007/BF00002187 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JM820 UT WOS:A1992JM82000002 ER PT J AU KUSHER, DI SMITH, SE CAILLIET, GM AF KUSHER, DI SMITH, SE CAILLIET, GM TI VALIDATED AGE AND GROWTH OF THE LEOPARD SHARK, TRIAKIS-SEMIFASCIATA, WITH COMMENTS ON REPRODUCTION SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE CALIFORNIA; ELASMOBRANCHS; EXPLOITATION; FISHERIES; LIFE HISTORY; TAGGING; TRIAKIDAE ID DOGFISH SQUALUS-ACANTHIAS; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; PRIONACE-GLAUCA; VERTEBRAL RINGS; BLUE SHARK AB The age, growth, and sexual maturation of the leopard shark, Triakis semifasciata, from central California were studied. Growth band counts in vertebral centra of 162 leopard sharks produced von Bertalanffy growth curves with L(infinity), K. and t(o) parameters of 1536mm. 0.082, and - 2.31, respectively, for both sexes combined. The L(infinity) value for females (1602mm TL) was slightly but insignificantly higher than for males (1499 mm TL), but the K and t(o) values were almost identical. Seasonal changes in size modes of young-of-the-year leopard sharks, centrum edge characteristics, and growth and tetracycline mark-recapture from the field were used to validate annual deposition of vertebral centrum band pairs. Sexual maturity was evaluated by the gonads and presence of sperm and eggs; males mature at 7 yr and at about 63% of asymptotic length, and females mature at 10yr, and at about 72% of asymptotic length. This slow growth, late maturity, and relatively low fecundity may increase their susceptibility to over-exploitation. C1 MOSS LANDING MARINE LABS,POB 450,MOSS LANDING,CA 95039. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,LA JOLLA,CA 92038. NR 63 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 2 BP 187 EP 203 DI 10.1007/BF00002193 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JM820 UT WOS:A1992JM82000008 ER PT J AU BOGGS, CH AF BOGGS, CH TI DEPTH, CAPTURE TIME, AND HOOKED LONGEVITY OF LONGLINE-CAUGHT PELAGIC FISH - TIMING BITES OF FISH WITH CHIPS SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID YELLOWFIN AB To resolve the uncertainty in estimating capture depths of fish on pelagic longline gear, electronic microchip hook timers were attached to branch lines to record when bites occurred, and time-depth recorders (TDRs) were attached to longline gear, off Hawaii in January 1989 and January-February 1990. Hook timers indicated that 32% of the striped marlin Tetrapturus audax, 21% of the spearfish T. angustirostris, and 12% of the bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus were caught on sinking or rising hooks, demonstrating that capture time data are needed to correctly estimate capture depth. Recorded and predicted longline depths differed greatly, indicating that TDRs are essential for describing depth distributions of fish from longline catches. Most (> 60%) of the spearfish and striped marlin were caught on settled hooks (not sinking or rising) at depths of < 120 m, whereas most bigeye tuna were caught at depths of > 200 m. This suggests that eliminating shallow hooks could substantially reduce the bycatch of spearfish, striped marlin, and other recreationally important billfish without reducing fishing efficiency for bigeye tuna. Bigeye tuna and striped marlin survived up to 6-9 hours after capture, and over 50% of 12 frequently-caught taxa were alive when retrieved, suggesting that the release of live fish can be an effective management option. RP BOGGS, CH (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,2570 DOLE ST,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 28 TC 103 Z9 120 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 90 IS 4 BP 642 EP 658 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KQ944 UT WOS:A1992KQ94400002 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, EF AF EDWARDS, EF TI ENERGETICS OF ASSOCIATED TUNAS AND DOLPHINS IN THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN - A BASIS FOR THE BOND SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID STENELLA-ATTENUATA; THUNNUS-ALBACARES; STOMACH CONTENTS; YELLOWFIN TUNA; BIOENERGETICS; PORPOISE; SIZE AB The basis for the curious association between yellow-fin tuna Thunnus albacares and spotted dolphin Stenella attenuata in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean has never been explained. Consideration of the bioenergetics of the associated tuna and dolphins suggests that the association may be based on the combined effects of a shallow thermocline, overlapping size (length) ranges of associated yellowfin and young dolphins, congruent diets, hydrodynamic constraints on swimming speeds of dolphin schools, and social (care-giving) behavior of dolphins. Insights developed during construction and exercise of comparative bioenergetics models for the tuna and dolphin suggest that tunas are more likely to follow dolphins than dolphins to follow tunas, and that the strength of the association in a given area may be related to oceanographic conditions affecting prey distribution and abundance. RP EDWARDS, EF (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 49 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 90 IS 4 BP 678 EP 690 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KQ944 UT WOS:A1992KQ94400005 ER PT J AU PARRISH, FA KAZAMA, TK AF PARRISH, FA KAZAMA, TK TI EVALUATION OF GHOST FISHING IN THE HAWAIIAN LOBSTER FISHERY SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB Mortality due to retention of lobsters in derelict traps was evaluated over a 2-year period using two approaches. First, a string of eight empty, single-chamber, plastic traps was deployed at 40 m depth off Oahu, Hawaii, and monitored periodically by scuba during a 6-month period in 1990. The traps were stable and remained intact despite adverse oceanic conditions. Numerous entries and exits of lobsters were recorded. For the second test, the ability of lobsters to exit traps was tested in a series of field and laboratory trials of trap strings stocked with Hawaiian spiny lobster Panulirus marginatus and slipper lobster Scyllarides squammosus. The number of lobsters that died in stocked traps was less than 4% of the test population and differed significantly from zero only in the laboratory evaluation (chi2 5.42, P 0.02). The two species exited similarly; however, the pattern of exits in laboratory and field tests differed significantly (chi2 23.889, P 0.03). All lobsters exited within 56 days in a pattern generally approximating an exponential decline. Our evidence suggests that little direct mortality of lobsters is due to the inability to exit traps, and consequently ghost fishing by these traps is not considered a problem for spiny and slipper lobsters. RP PARRISH, FA (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,2570 DOLE ST,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 90 IS 4 BP 720 EP 725 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KQ944 UT WOS:A1992KQ94400009 ER PT J AU RESTREPO, VR HOENIG, JM POWERS, JE BAIRD, JW TURNER, SC AF RESTREPO, VR HOENIG, JM POWERS, JE BAIRD, JW TURNER, SC TI A SIMPLE SIMULATION APPROACH TO RISK AND COST-ANALYSIS, WITH APPLICATIONS TO SWORDFISH AND COD FISHERIES SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID VIRTUAL POPULATION ANALYSIS; CATCH; MODEL AB Monte Carlo simulation is used to quantify the uncertainty in the results of sequential population analysis and related statistics. Probability density functions describe the measured or perceived uncertainty in the inputs to the assessment model. Monte Carlo simulation is then used to examine the variability in the resulting parameter estimates (stock sizes and fishing mortalities), derived statistics (e.g., F0.1), and in the management regulations necessary to achieve various management objectives. We show how relative frequency histograms of the simulation results can be used to describe the risk of not meeting a given management goal as a function of the catch quota selected. We also show how to compute the expected cost, in terms of potential yield foregone, associated with picking a conservative quota. This enables one to balance risks and costs or to allow risk to vary within proscribed limits while keeping the catch quota stable. We illustrate the use of the Monte Carlo approach with examples from two fisheries: North Atlantic swordfish and northern cod. C1 FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,SCI BRANCH,ST JOHNS A1C 5X1,NF,CANADA. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,MIAMI,FL 33149. RP RESTREPO, VR (reprint author), UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 33 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 90 IS 4 BP 736 EP 748 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KQ944 UT WOS:A1992KQ94400011 ER PT J AU SOMERTON, DA KIKKAWA, BS AF SOMERTON, DA KIKKAWA, BS TI POPULATION-DYNAMICS OF PELAGIC ARMORHEAD PSEUDOPENTACEROS-WHEELERI ON SOUTHEAST HANCOCK SEAMOUNT SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN AB Pelagic armorhead Pseudopentaceros wheeleri are the target of a directed trawl fishery on many of the southern Emperor-northern Hawaiian Ridge seamounts. The population dynamics of armorhead for the period 1970-90 were reconstructed for Southeast Hancock seamount, the southernmost of the seamounts commercially fished, by using commercial catch-and-effort statistics, various biological measurements, and research stock-survey data. The population declined almost continuously from a 1972 high of 5500 metric tons (t) to a 1989 low of 25 t. In addition to the intense fishery, this decline was due partly to the sporadic pattern of armorhead recruitment. Natural mortality rate was estimated as 0.54/year; however, females had a higher mortality rate than males. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96822. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 90 IS 4 BP 756 EP 769 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KQ944 UT WOS:A1992KQ94400013 ER PT J AU UTTER, FM WAPLES, RS TEEL, DJ AF UTTER, FM WAPLES, RS TEEL, DJ TI GENETIC ISOLATION OF PREVIOUSLY INDISTINGUISHABLE CHINOOK SALMON POPULATIONS OF THE SNAKE AND KLAMATH RIVERS - LIMITATIONS OF NEGATIVE DATA SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB An anomalous inability to distinguish certain geographically-separated chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshauytscha populations of the Snake River and the Klamath River from a survey of 18 polymorphic loci led to a prediction that distinction would ultimately be found through sampling of additional polymorphic loci. Recently published studies involving pertinent groups within each of these rivers included data from an additional 15 polymorphic loci, and therefore allow a reexamination of the relationships between these groups. Comparison of results for the new studies shows the formerly indistinguishable groups from two areas to be as distinct from one another as from other major groupings of the species with a mean genetic distance between populations of each river (0.014) that is double that of the maximum within-group genetic distance. Two newly-resolved gene loci (mMDH-2* and SMEP-1*) are particularly good at distinguishing populations from the two rivers. In addition to resolving the anomalous similarity between populations inhabiting geographically separated areas, the new results illustrate the care that must be used in drawing inferences from negative data. RP UTTER, FM (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,DIV COASTAL ZONE & ESTUARINE STUDIES,2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 90 IS 4 BP 770 EP 777 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KQ944 UT WOS:A1992KQ94400014 ER PT J AU SKILLMAN, RA BALAZS, GH AF SKILLMAN, RA BALAZS, GH TI LEATHERBACK TURTLE CAPTURED BY INGESTION OF SQUID BAIT ON SWORDFISH LONGLINE SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Note ID DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; SEA TURTLES RP SKILLMAN, RA (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,2570 DOLE ST,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 90 IS 4 BP 807 EP 808 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KQ944 UT WOS:A1992KQ94400019 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, GD DORKO, WD JOHNSON, PA AF MITCHELL, GD DORKO, WD JOHNSON, PA TI LONG-TERM STABILITY OF SULFUR-DIOXIDE PERMEATION TUBE STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB A series of NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) sulfur dioxide permeation tubes from several Standard Reference Materials (SRMs 1625 and 1627) were studied for their long-term permeation characteristics at temperatures of 20, 25 and 30-degrees-C. It was found that contrary to previous reports the steady-state permeation rate was not constant, but showed a very slight downward trend with time. During the day-to-day use of such devices the downward trend in permeation rate is small enough to go unnoticed. In addition, the permeability at 30-degrees-C and permeability activation energy Of SO2 in FEP-Teflon are also evaluated for tubes that were part of the National Institute of Standards and Technology permeation tube SRM inventory from 1982 to 1989. RP MITCHELL, GD (reprint author), US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 344 IS 6 BP 229 EP 233 DI 10.1007/BF00324980 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JZ346 UT WOS:A1992JZ34600001 ER PT J AU POTTS, PJ KANE, JS AF POTTS, PJ KANE, JS TI TERMINOLOGY FOR GEOLOGICAL REFERENCE MATERIAL VALUES - A PROPOSAL TO THE INTERNATIONAL-ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION (ISO), PRODUCERS AND USERS SO GEOSTANDARDS NEWSLETTER LA English DT Article ID REFERENCE SAMPLE; COMPILATION AB A new terminology is proposed for categorising values in geological reference materials based on the confidence that may be placed in an individual datum. This classification scheme is designed to be applicable to data derived from both cooperative analysis programmes and compilations of data published in the literature. Use of the following terminology is proposed: "certified value equivalent", "recommended value" and "provisional value", depending on the associated one sigma confidence limits and other analytical criteria listed in Table 1. To demonstrate the application to data that was originally assessed using different criteria and terminology, the proposed scheme has been used to reclassify data derived from the cooperative analysis program for USGS SDO-1 (Devonian Shale) and a compilation of published data for USGS G-1 (granite). C1 US DEPT COMMERCE,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP POTTS, PJ (reprint author), OPEN UNIV,DEPT EARTH SCI,WALTON HALL,MILTON KEYNES MK7 6AA,BUCKS,ENGLAND. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOSTANDARDS PI VANDOEUVRE NANCY PA 15 RUE NOTRE-DAME-DES-PAUVRES BP 20, 54501 VANDOEUVRE NANCY, FRANCE SN 0150-5505 J9 GEOSTANDARD NEWSLETT JI Geostand. Newsl. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 16 IS 2 BP 333 EP 341 DI 10.1111/j.1751-908X.1992.tb00497.x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JT554 UT WOS:A1992JT55400006 ER PT J AU BAKERJARVIS, J GEYER, RG DOMICH, PD AF BAKERJARVIS, J GEYER, RG DOMICH, PD TI A NONLINEAR LEAST-SQUARES SOLUTION WITH CAUSALITY CONSTRAINTS APPLIED TO TRANSMISSION-LINE PERMITTIVITY AND PERMEABILITY DETERMINATION SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE DIELECTRIC MEASUREMENTS; HIGHER ORDER MODES; MICROWAVE; ORTHOGONAL DISTANCE REGRESSION; PERMEABILITY; PERMITTIVITY; PRIMARY MODE AB A technique for the solution of 1-port and 2-port scattering equations for complex permittivity and permeability determination is presented. Using a nonlinear regression procedure, the model determines parameters for the specification of the spectral functional form of complex permittivity and permeability. The method is based on a nonlinear regression technique using the fact that a causal, analytic function can be represented by poles and zeros. The technique allows the accurate determination of many low- and high-permittivity dielectric or magnetic materials in either the low- or high-loss range. Permeability and permittivity can be obtained either from fitting all scattering-parameter data or by fitting S21 or S11 or \S11\ and \S21\ data by itself. The model allows for small adjustments, consistent with the physics of the problem, to independent variable data such as angular frequency, sample length, sample position, and cutoff wavelength. The model can determine permittivity and permeability for samples where sample length, sample position, and sample holder length are not known precisely. The problem of local minima is discussed. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV APPL & COMP MATH,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP BAKERJARVIS, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 10 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 41 IS 5 BP 646 EP 652 DI 10.1109/19.177336 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA JZ107 UT WOS:A1992JZ10700011 ER PT J AU MCCOMB, TR FENIMORE, C GOCKENBACH, E KUFFEL, J MALEWSKI, R SCHON, K VANDERSLUIS, L WARD, B ZHANG, YX AF MCCOMB, TR FENIMORE, C GOCKENBACH, E KUFFEL, J MALEWSKI, R SCHON, K VANDERSLUIS, L WARD, B ZHANG, YX TI DIGITAL-TECHNIQUES IN HV TESTS - SUMMARY OF 1989 PANEL SESSION SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1992 WINTER MEETING OF THE INSULATED CONDUCTORS COMMITTEE OF THE POWER ENGINEERING SOC OF IEEE CY JAN 26-30, 1992 CL NEW YORK, NY SP IEEE, POWER ENGN SOC, INSULATED CONDUCTORS COMM ID IMPULSE AB A panel session on digital techniques in HV tests was held at the IEEE PES Summer Meeting in Long Beach, CA (July 1989). This panel addressed the question of how signal processing can be used to enhance High Voltage Tests and extract more information from them. Part 1 dealt with the evaluation of digitizers and records-and Part 2 dealt with the application of digitizers to industrial testing. This paper presents an outline of the Panel Session and lists pertinent reference material. C1 ONTARIO HYDRO,TORONTO,ONTARIO,CANADA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBERD,MD. PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT,W-3300 BRAUNSCHWEIG,GERMANY. INST RECH ELECT QUEBEC,MONTREAL,QUEBEC,CANADA. BIDDLE INSTRUMENTS,BLUE BELL,PA. KEMA LABS ARNHEM,ARNHEM,NETHERLANDS. RP MCCOMB, TR (reprint author), NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA,INST NATL MEASUREMENT STAND,OTTAWA K1A 0R6,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 7 IS 4 BP 1800 EP 1804 DI 10.1109/61.156981 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA JN857 UT WOS:A1992JN85700019 ER PT J AU PRINS, EM MENZEL, WP AF PRINS, EM MENZEL, WP TI GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE DETECTION OF BIOMASS BURNING IN SOUTH-AMERICA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID AMAZON BASIN; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; DRY SEASON; BRAZIL; DEFORESTATION; EMISSIONS; FIRES AB This paper presents the results of using Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Visible Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) data to monitor biomass burning associated with deforestation and grassland management in South America. The technique of Matson and Dozier has been adapted to GOES VAS short-wave and long-wave infrared window data to determine the size and temperature of fires associated with these activities. Although VAS data do not offer the spatial resolution available with Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data (7 km versus 1 km), this decreased resolution does not seem to hinder the ability of the VAS instrument to detect fires; in some cases it proves to be advantageous, in that saturation does not occur as often. Sequences of VAS visible data are helpful in verifying that the hot spots sensed in the infrared are actually related to fires. Furthermore, the smoke of the fires can be tracked in time to determine their motion and trajectory. In this way, the GOES satellite offers a unique ability to monitor diurnal variations in fire activity and transport of related aerosols. C1 NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,MADISON,WI 53706. RP PRINS, EM (reprint author), COOPERAT INST METEOROL SATELLITE STUDIES,1225 W DAYTON ST,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201 NR 38 TC 159 Z9 163 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 13 IS 15 BP 2783 EP 2799 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA JT898 UT WOS:A1992JT89800004 ER PT J AU BALZAR, D AF BALZAR, D TI PROFILE FITTING OF X-RAY-DIFFRACTION LINES AND FOURIER-ANALYSIS OF BROADENING SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DIRECT CONVOLUTION PRODUCTS; VOIGT FUNCTION; METHODOLOGY; ALGORITHMS; PEAKS; SIZE AB The extraction of pure-specimen X-ray diffraction-line broadening is described using a convolution of the instrumental profile and an exact Voigt function. Real Fourier coefficients were computed from the Cauchy and Gauss integral breadths and were input for Warren-Averbach analysis. Smooth surface-weighted and volume-weighted column-length distribution functions were obtained and errors in root-mean-square strains as well as effective domain sizes were evaluated. The method was applied to two cubic structures with average volume-weighted domain sizes up to 3600 angstrom as well as patterns of tetragonal and orthorhombic (La, Sr)2CuO4, which exhibit weak line broadenings and highly overlapping reflections. Comparison with the integral-breadth methods is given. Reliability of the method is discussed in the case of a cluster of overlapping peaks. RP BALZAR, D (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 49 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 8 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD OCT 1 PY 1992 VL 25 BP 559 EP 570 DI 10.1107/S0021889892004084 PN 5 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA JU417 UT WOS:A1992JU41700003 ER PT J AU WEIL, JC SYKES, RI VENKATRAM, A AF WEIL, JC SYKES, RI VENKATRAM, A TI EVALUATING AIR-QUALITY MODELS - REVIEW AND OUTLOOK SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; EXTREME VALUE STATISTICS; GAUSSIAN PLUME MODEL; NON-BUOYANT SOURCE; CONCENTRATION FLUCTUATIONS; MIXED LAYER; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; SIMULATION-MODEL; DIFFUSION-MODELS; AMS WORKSHOP AB Over the past decade, much attention has been devoted to the evaluation of air-quality models with emphasis on model performance in predicting the high concentrations that are important in air-quality regulations. This paper stems from our belief that this practice needs to be expanded to 1) evaluate model physics and 2) deal with the large natural or stochastic variability in concentration. The variability is represented by the root-mean-square fluctuating concentration (sigma(c)) about the mean concentration (C) over an ensemble-a given set of meteorological, source, etc. conditions. Most air-quality models used in applications predict C, whereas observations are individual realizations drawn from an ensemble. For sigma(c) is similar to C, large residuals exist between predicted and observed concentrations, which confuse model evaluations. This paper addresses ways of evaluating model physics in light of the large sigma(c); the focus is on elevated point-source models. Evaluation of model physics requires the separation of the mean model error-the difference between the predicted and observed C-from the natural variability. A residual analysis is shown to be an effective way of doing this. Several examples demonstrate the usefulness of residuals as well as correlation analyses and laboratory data in judging model physics. In general, sigma(c) models and predictions of the probability distribution of the fluctuating concentration (c'), OMEGA(c'), are in the developmental stage, with laboratory data playing an important role. Laboratory data from point-source plumes in a convection tank show that OMEGA(c') approximates a self-similar distribution along the plume center plane, a useful result in a residual analysis. At present, there is one model-ARAP-that predicts C, sigma(c), and OMEGA(c) for point-source plumes. This model is more computationally demanding than other dispersion models (for C only) and must be demonstrated as a practical tool. However, it predicts an important quantity for applications-the uncertainty in the very high and infrequent concentrations. The uncertainty is large and is needed in evaluating operational performance and in predicting the attainment of air-quality standards. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. TITAN CORP,CALIF RES & TECHNOL DIV,ARAP GRP,PRINCETON,NJ. ENSR CORP,CAMARILLO,CA. RP WEIL, JC (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,POB 3000,BOULDER,CO 80307, USA. NR 91 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 31 IS 10 BP 1121 EP 1145 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<1121:EAQMRA>2.0.CO;2 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JQ078 UT WOS:A1992JQ07800001 ER PT J AU GAO, BC WESTWATER, ER STANKOV, BB BIRKENHEUER, D GOETZ, AFH AF GAO, BC WESTWATER, ER STANKOV, BB BIRKENHEUER, D GOETZ, AFH TI COMPARISON OF COLUMN WATER-VAPOR MEASUREMENTS USING DOWNWARD-LOOKING NEAR-INFRARED AND INFRARED IMAGING-SYSTEMS AND UPWARD-LOOKING MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; TROPOSPHERE; ALGORITHM; LIQUID AB Remote soundings of precipitable water vapor from three systems are compared with each other and with ground truth from radiosondes. Ancillary data from a mesoscale network of surface observing stations and from wind-profiling radars are also used in the analysis. The three remote-sounding techniques are: (a) a reflectance technique using spectral data collected by the Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS); (b) an emission technique using Visible-Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer (VISSR) Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) data acquired from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES); and (c) a microwave technique using data from a limited network of three ground-based dual-channel microwave radiometers. The data were taken over the Front Range of eastern Colorado on 22-23 March 1990. The generally small differences between the three types of remote-sounding measurements are consistent with the horizontal and temporal resolutions of the instruments. The microwave and optical reflectance measurements agreed to within 0.1 cm; comparisons of the microwave data with radiosondes were also either that good or explainable. The largest differences between the VAS and the microwave radiometer at Elbert were between 0.4 and 0.5 cm and appear to be due to variable terrain within the satellite footprint. C1 UNIV COLORADO,CTR STUDY EARTH SPACE,BOULDER,CO 80309. NOAA,ERL WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NOAA,ERL FOREST SYST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP GAO, BC (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Birkenheuer, Daniel/E-7378-2015 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 31 IS 10 BP 1193 EP 1201 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<1193:COCWVM>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JQ078 UT WOS:A1992JQ07800005 ER PT J AU FREDERIKSE, HPR FIELDS, RJ FELDMAN, A AF FREDERIKSE, HPR FIELDS, RJ FELDMAN, A TI THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES OF COPPER-TIN AND NICKEL-TIN INTERMETALLICS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The thermal diffusivity, electrical resistivity, density, and heat capacity have been measured for Cu6Sn5, Cu3Sn, and Ni3Sn4. These properties were used to evaluate the apparent Lorenz number for comparison with the theoretical value. Acceptable agreement was found. RP FREDERIKSE, HPR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 13 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1992 VL 72 IS 7 BP 2879 EP 2882 DI 10.1063/1.351487 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA JT007 UT WOS:A1992JT00700045 ER PT J AU QIU, CJ XU, Q AF QIU, CJ XU, Q TI A SIMPLE ADJOINT METHOD OF WIND ANALYSIS FOR SINGLE-DOPPLER DATA SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A simple adjoint method is developed for retrieving the time-mean winds from a number of consecutive single-Doppler measurements. The method assumes the Lagrangian conservation of reflectivity. Previous methods based on the same advection equation have to deal with problems of nonuniqueness, singularities, or both. These two problems are eliminated by using observations over multiple time levels. The method is tested on artificial data and the results show that using data over multiple time levels not only provides more information and increases the accuracy of the retrieval but also makes the method less sensitive to errors in the observed reflectivity field and errors in the model equation due to the assumed Lagrangian conservation of reflectivity. Because the control equation and its adjoint equation are very simple, the computational cost is very small. It is also found that incorporating the constraint of mass conservation into the method can significantly increase the accuracy of the retrieved winds and reduce the required frequency of observations for retrieving. C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,NOAA,COOPERAT INST MESOSCALE METEOROL STUDIES,ROOM 1110,NORMAN,OK 73019. NR 0 TC 94 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 9 IS 5 BP 588 EP 598 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1992)009<0588:ASAMOW>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KE850 UT WOS:A1992KE85000008 ER PT J AU GOLUBEV, VS GROISMAN, PY QUAYLE, RG AF GOLUBEV, VS GROISMAN, PY QUAYLE, RG TI AN EVALUATION OF THE UNITED-STATES STANDARD 8-IN - NONRECORDING RAIN-GAGE AT THE VALDAI POLYGON, RUSSIA SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A unique set of data from Valdai, Russia, (previously unreported in the United States) is used to evaluate the ubiquitous standard 8-in.-diameter raingage that has been used for over 100 years at tens of thousands of United States stations. The results of the Valdai analyses (where the 8-in. raingage measurements had been analyzed during 4 years of parallel observations with the etalon raingage) are consistent with other findings summarized in this paper. Rain undercatch (unshielded) is about 4%. Evaporation losses from the raingage and wetting losses (where part of the water stays on the funnel and bucket walls of the raingage and is not measured) have been estimated and were found to be fairly small. To put this in perspective, snow undercatch (as reported by others) can be several tens of percent for windy, unshielded sites. C1 NOAA,NESDIS,DOC,NATL CLIMATE DATA CTR,GLOBAL CLIMATE LAB,ASHEVILLE,NC 28801. STATE HYDROL INST,ST PETERSBURG,RUSSIA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 9 IS 5 BP 624 EP 629 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1992)009<0624:AEOTUS>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KE850 UT WOS:A1992KE85000010 ER PT J AU HAMILTON, GD AF HAMILTON, GD TI MEASUREMENT OF LONG-PERIOD, LOW-AMPLITUDE SWELL IN THE WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Nineteen data buoys in the western North Atlantic and two coastal stations reported 20-s-period swell in August 1990. The source of this very unusual event was traced to a severe storm off the Antarctic continent. This paper provides information on the wave-measuring systems, observations, meteorological conditions that generated the swell, and techniques used to estimate the location of the source of the swell. The swell was measured by different hull types, wave-measuring systems, and electronic payloads. The observations show how wave conditions vary with location and provide data for wave-modeling purposes and research studies. RP HAMILTON, GD (reprint author), NOAA,NATL DATA BUOY CTR,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 9 IS 5 BP 645 EP 658 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1992)009<0645:MOLPLA>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KE850 UT WOS:A1992KE85000012 ER PT J AU MANGUM, LJ HAYES, SP STRATTON, LD AF MANGUM, LJ HAYES, SP STRATTON, LD TI SAMPLING REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SURFACE WIND-FIELD OVER THE TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Note AB Moored wind measurements at near-equatorial locations along 110-degrees-W, 125-degrees-W, 140-degrees-W, 170-degrees-W, and 165-degrees-E are used to investigate the space-time variability of the tropical Pacific wind field. These measurements complement previous studies that relied on island winds in the central Pacific or a few moored measurements in the eastern Pacific. Results indicate that the energetic portion of the zonal and meridional wind is significantly coherent over meridional scales of about 200 km and zonal scales of 1500 km. Even at these separations the estimated coherence often accounts for less than 50% of the variance. Temporal subsampling indicated (in agreement with previous studies) that at least ten samples per month were required to resolve monthly wind speed to within 1 m s-1 in the eastern equatorial Pacific. West of the date line and in the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), nearly daily sampling was required. Investigation showed that little error in the daily average of derived quantities such as wind speed and stress was associated with computing these variables from daily vector averages of the wind components rather than from hourly values of the components that were subsequently averaged. C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,NOAA BLDG 3,SEATTLE,WA 98115. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 9 IS 5 BP 668 EP 679 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1992)009<0668:SRFTSW>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KE850 UT WOS:A1992KE85000014 ER PT J AU LEVITUS, S ISAYEV, G AF LEVITUS, S ISAYEV, G TI POLYNOMIAL-APPROXIMATION TO THE INTERNATIONAL EQUATION OF STATE FOR SEAWATER SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Note RP LEVITUS, S (reprint author), NOAA,NATL OCEANOG DATA CTR,NODCE OC23 ROOM 409,1825 CONNECTICUT AVE,WASHINGTON,DC 20235, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 9 IS 5 BP 705 EP 708 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1992)009<0705:PATTIE>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KE850 UT WOS:A1992KE85000018 ER PT J AU BRUNO, TJ AF BRUNO, TJ TI SIMPLE, INEXPENSIVE APPARATUS FOR SAMPLE CONCENTRATION SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article RP BRUNO, TJ (reprint author), NIST,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 69 IS 10 BP 837 EP 838 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA JZ474 UT WOS:A1992JZ47400030 ER PT J AU OHARE, PAG SUSMAN, S VOLIN, KJ ROWLAND, SC AF OHARE, PAG SUSMAN, S VOLIN, KJ ROWLAND, SC TI COMBUSTION CALORIMETRY OF RHOMBOHEDRAL SULFUR IN FLUORINE - A QUESTION OF IMPURITIES - THE STANDARD MOLAR ENTHALPIES OF FORMATION OF SF6(G) AND SO(4)2-(AQ) AT THE TEMPERATURE 298.15-K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. ANDREWS UNIV,DEPT PHYS,BERRIEN SPRINGS,MI 49104. RP OHARE, PAG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1009 EP 1017 DI 10.1016/S0021-9614(05)80011-4 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA JQ400 UT WOS:A1992JQ40000001 ER PT J AU WALKER, MM KIRSCHVINK, JL AHMED, G DIZON, AE AF WALKER, MM KIRSCHVINK, JL AHMED, G DIZON, AE TI EVIDENCE THAT FIN WHALES RESPOND TO THE GEOMAGNETIC-FIELD DURING MIGRATION SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FIN WHALES; MAGNETIC SENSE; MIGRATION; GEOMAGNETIC FIELD; MAGNETIC INTENSITY; MAGNETIC GRADIENT; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; HONEYBEES; DISCRIMINATION; SENSITIVITY; PIGEONS AB We challenge the hypothesis that fin whales use a magnetic sense to guide migration by testing for associations between geophysical parameters and the positions where fin whales were observed over the continental shelf off the northeastern United States. Monte Carlo simulations estimated the probability that the distribution of fin whale sightings was random with respect to bottom depth, bottom slope and the intensity and gradient of the geomagnetic field. The simulations demonstrated no overall association of sighting positions with any of these four geophysical parameters. Analysis of the data by season, however, demonstrated statistically reliable associations of sighting positions with areas of low geomagnetic intensity and gradient in winter and fall, respectively, but no association of sighting positions with bathymetric parameters in any season. An attempt to focus on migrating animals by excluding those observed feeding confirmed the associations of sighting positions with low geomagnetic intensity and gradient in winter and fall, respectively, and revealed additional associations with low geomagnetic gradients in winter and spring. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that fin whales, and perhaps other mysticete species, possess a magnetic sense that they use to guide migration. C1 NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, SW FISHERIES CTR, LA JOLLA LAB, LA JOLLA, CA 92038 USA. CALTECH, DIV GEOL & PLANETARY SCI, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. OI Walker, Michael/0000-0001-9631-9128 NR 28 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 17 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 EI 1477-9145 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 171 BP 67 EP 78 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA JY112 UT WOS:A1992JY11200004 PM 1431731 ER PT J AU MAEDA, S FULLERROWELL, TJ EVANS, DS AF MAEDA, S FULLERROWELL, TJ EVANS, DS TI HEAT-BUDGET OF THE THERMOSPHERE AND TEMPERATURE-VARIATIONS DURING THE RECOVERY PHASE OF A GEOMAGNETIC STORM SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NITRIC-OXIDE; PERTURBATIONS AB Poststorm temperature variations have been simulated by using a two-dimensional, time-dependent model of coupled dynamics and composition. The numerical simulation results have been analyzed to obtain the characteristic time scale of the temperature relaxation as a function of pressure level and latitude. The relaxation time was defined by the e-folding time of temperature variations in response to the cessation of geomagnetic activity, specified by a decrease in the TIROS/NOAA power index level. The time variation of the power index level was described by a step function. The causal mechanisms responsible for the recovery of the perturbed temperature have been investigated from a term analysis of the energy conservation equation. The relative importance of the different terms of the energy conservation equation has been evaluated from the solutions of model equations as a function of time. By using the calculated individual heating/cooling rates, a time constant is derived from the heat balance between the major heating/cooling rates at a particular simulation time as a function of time. The principal results include the following: (1) the relaxation time of the temperature is in the range from 12 to 15 hours in the upper thermosphere around 350 km and in the range from 15 to 21 hours in the lower region around 150 km; (2) the relaxation time of the temperature is longer within the source region at high latitudes than at middle and low latitudes; (3) the time constants derived from the heat balance at each simulation time increase with time, particularly at high latitudes; (4) the major cooling mechanism in the upper thermosphere is the downward molecular heat conduction; (5) at lower altitudes the radiative cooling from the 5.3-mum nitric oxide (NO) band is dominant, but the vertical heat advection is also important because of the vertical winds associated with the meridional circulation; and (6) the vertical winds in the lower region also contribute to the adiabatic heating at high latitudes and to the adiabatic cooling at middle latitudes. The relaxation of the temperature during the recovery phase of a geomagnetic storm is not determined solely by the local heat balance but is also influenced by the global dynamical and thermal coupling between various regions of the thermosphere. C1 NOAA,ERL,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,RESE,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP MAEDA, S (reprint author), KYOTO UNIV ART & DESIGN,DEPT GEN EDUC,KITASHIRAKAWA,SAKYO KU,KYOTO 606,JAPAN. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1992 VL 97 IS A10 BP 14947 EP 14957 DI 10.1029/92JA01368 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA JR009 UT WOS:A1992JR00900015 ER PT J AU COFFEY, HE AF COFFEY, HE TI GEOMAGNETIC AND SOLAR DATA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material RP COFFEY, HE (reprint author), NOAA,WORLD DATA CTR SOLAR TERR PHYS A,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1992 VL 97 IS A10 BP 15073 EP 15073 DI 10.1029/92JA02067 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA JR009 UT WOS:A1992JR00900026 ER PT J AU BALASUBRAMANIAN, V BAHEL, A DUBEY, IP SATHYAMURTHY, N GADZUK, JW AF BALASUBRAMANIAN, V BAHEL, A DUBEY, IP SATHYAMURTHY, N GADZUK, JW TI ENERGY-DEPENDENCE OF COLLISION CHARACTERISTICS IN MOLECULE SURFACE COLLISIONS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COLLINEAR SSMK SURFACE; REACTIVITY BANDS; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; TRAJECTORIES; DISSOCIATION; SCATTERING; H+H-2 AB For a model diatomic molecule-surface collision, we show that the extent of chaoticity, as evidenced in action-angle and lifetime plots, decreases dramatically with an increase in the translational energy of the molecule. In addition to the existence of a threshold for the dissociative chemisorption, there is also an antithreshold at higher energies. The implications for the existence (or lack thereof) of chaos/fractals in molecule-surface collisions are also discussed, particularly as related to translational-vibrational energy redistribution. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. INDIAN INST TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,KANPUR 208016,UTTAR PRADESH,INDIA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 20 BP 7870 EP 7873 DI 10.1021/j100199a008 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA JQ775 UT WOS:A1992JQ77500008 ER PT J AU BOND, LJ CHIANG, CH FORTUNKO, CM AF BOND, LJ CHIANG, CH FORTUNKO, CM TI ABSORPTION OF ULTRASONIC-WAVES IN AIR AT HIGH-FREQUENCIES (10-20 MHZ) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STANDARD AIR; SOUND; SPEED; ATMOSPHERE AB A high power and sensitive gated radio-frequency (rf) measurement system has been used to determine the absorption of compressional waves in air, in the frequency range from 10-20 MHz. The measured absorption, between 80 and 90 kPa and at room temperature (15-degrees-C to 25-degrees-C), has been found to be in good agreement with that predicted, by extrapolation, from low-frequency (below 1 MHz) data for the combination of the classical and rotational loss effects. The measured data fit a classical-plus-rotational absorption loss coefficient (alpha(cr)) for a 20-degrees-C value of 1.83 X 10(-11) Np/m. Above 500 kHz at normal atmospheric pressures, this coefficient becomes dominant, and the effects of variation in humidity are insignificant. The bounds for the parameter domain for this relationship to be valid are now pressures between 80 and 90 kPa, temperatures between 15-degrees-C and 25-degrees-C, and frequency/pressure combinations up to 200 Hz Pa-1. The velocity of ultrasound in air in the frequency range from 10-18 MHz has also been measured and is in good agreement with that predicted from theory. For example, at 83.3 kPa (625.5 mm Hg) and 24.4-degrees-C, the measured velocity is 347.6 +/- 1 m/s at 10 MHz and that calculated, including the effect of humidity, is 346.4 m/s. Normalized velocity and attenuation data plotted against Knudsen numbers and a rarefaction parameter are in good agreement with those obtained at reduced pressure and lower frequencies. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT MECH ENGN,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP BOND, LJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 38 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 92 IS 4 BP 2006 EP 2015 DI 10.1121/1.405251 PN 1 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA JT538 UT WOS:A1992JT53800024 ER PT J AU WIEDERHORN, SM AF WIEDERHORN, SM TI STRENGTH OF BOTTLES AS AFFECTED BY LIMITATIONS OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES - COMMENT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material RP WIEDERHORN, SM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 75 IS 10 BP 2643 EP 2643 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1992.tb05482.x PG 1 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA JT351 UT WOS:A1992JT35100002 ER PT J AU HELD, IM OBRIEN, E AF HELD, IM OBRIEN, E TI QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC TURBULENCE IN A 3-LAYER MODEL - EFFECTS OF VERTICAL STRUCTURE IN THE MEAN SHEAR SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC TURBULENCE; BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY; GENERAL CIRCULATION; CLIMATE; TRANSPORT; WAVES; CO2 AB A three-layer, horizontally homogeneous, quasigeostrophic model is selected as one of the simplest environments in which to study the sensitivity of baroclinic eddy fluxes in the atmosphere to the vertical structure of the basic-state temperature gradients or vertical wind shears. Eddy statistics obtained from the model are interpreted in terms of linear theory and a modified "baroclinic adjustment" hypothesis. Both linear theory and the baroclinic adjustment construction are found to provide useful predictions for the vertical structure of the eddy potential vorticity flux. For equal values of the mean vertical shear, eddy fluxes and energies are greater when the shear is concentrated at lower levels (d2U/dz2 < 0) than when the shear is concentrated at higher levels (d2U/dz2 > 0). Eddy fluxes are more sensitive to lower- than to upper-level mean temperature gradients. This relative sensitivity is a function of gamma = f2LAMBDA/(betaN2H), where LAMBDA is the mean vertical shear and H is the depth of the fluid. It is enhanced as gamma is reduced, as the unstable modes become shallower, until the eddies become almost completely insensitive to the strength of the upper-layer wind for gamma < 0.5. C1 UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,MIAMI,FL 33149. RP HELD, IM (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 1992 VL 49 IS 19 BP 1861 EP 1870 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1992)049<1861:QTIATL>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JR568 UT WOS:A1992JR56800007 ER PT J AU LECHNER, JA LEIGH, SD SIMIU, E AF LECHNER, JA LEIGH, SD SIMIU, E TI RECENT APPROACHES TO EXTREME VALUE ESTIMATION WITH APPLICATION TO WIND SPEEDS .1. THE PICKANDS METHOD SO JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON WIND ENGINEERING : PROGRESS IN WIND ENGINEERING CY JUL 08-12, 1991 CL LONDON, CANADA SP INT ASSOC WIND ENGN C1 NIST,DIV STRUCT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV HOSP,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP LECHNER, JA (reprint author), NIST,DIV STAT ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6105 J9 J WIND ENG IND AEROD JI J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 41 IS 1-3 BP 509 EP 519 DI 10.1016/0167-6105(92)90457-L PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA KA907 UT WOS:A1992KA90700045 ER PT J AU URAVITCH, JA AF URAVITCH, JA TI MARINE ECOLOGICAL AREAS IN CANADA - PERSPECTIVES OF THE CANADIAN COUNCIL ON ECOLOGICAL AREAS TASK-FORCE ON MARINE PROTECTED AREAS - GRAHAM,R SO LEISURE SCIENCES LA English DT Book Review RP URAVITCH, JA (reprint author), NOAA,OFF OCEAN & COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20235, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0149-0400 J9 LEISURE SCI JI Leis. Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 14 IS 4 BP 350 EP 351 PG 2 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA KG459 UT WOS:A1992KG45900009 ER PT J AU MALATESTA, RJ AUSTER, PJ CARLIN, BP AF MALATESTA, RJ AUSTER, PJ CARLIN, BP TI ANALYSIS OF TRANSECT DATA FOR MICROHABITAT CORRELATIONS AND FAUNAL PATCHINESS SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article ID DEMERSAL FISH ASSEMBLAGES; EPIBENTHIC MEGAFAUNA; SPATIAL PATTERN; SCOTIAN SHELF; COMMUNITIES; MAINE; GULF; ASSOCIATIONS; ABUNDANCE; ATLANTIC AB Distributional studies of benthic megafauna using trawls, direct count, still photographic, and video techniques are all spatially dependent, and traditional analyses which assume independence between observations (e.g. correlation, regression) are not appropriate. We describe a statistical procedure which determines if a species distribution is correlated with microhabitat type and, if so, subsequent patch size analysis is partitioned by microhabitat. Both microhabitat correlation and patch size procedures utilize a randomization protocol which allows for tests of statistical significance, while other spatial statistics have only descriptive value. An example using video transect data taken at a 55 m deep Northwest Atlantic outer continental shelf site (40-degrees 50' N, 70-degrees 55' W) demonstrates the types of ecological questions this analysis can generate. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT, NOAA, NATL UNDERSEA RES CTR, GROTON, CT 06340 USA. UNIV MINNESOTA, SCH PUBL HLTH, DIV BIOSTAT, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455 USA. RP MALATESTA, RJ (reprint author), SEA EDUC ASSOC, POB 6, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 87 IS 1-2 BP 189 EP 195 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA JX655 UT WOS:A1992JX65500018 ER PT J AU JANOWSKI, GM STAFFORD, GR AF JANOWSKI, GM STAFFORD, GR TI THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF ELECTRODEPOSITED TITANIUM-ALUMINUM ALLOYS SO METALLURGICAL TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AL-MN ALLOYS; CUBIC PHASES; MOLTEN-SALTS; AL3TI; MANGANESE AB The microstructure of electrodeposited titanium-aluminide alloys containing 3.6 to 24.1 at. pct Ti was studied by transmission electron microscopy. The surface morphology of the deposits showed that they contained nodular and faceted grains which tended to be less faceted at higher Ti contents. Extensive {111} twinning was observed in all deposits. and growth striations parallel to {111} were observed in the low Ti deposits. The growth of nodules was linked to the presence of these twins; it was hypothesized that the twin boundaries act as easy atomic attachment points and, therefore, enhance the growth rate. The presence of twins and striations was used to propose a growth mechanism. The 5.3, 15.8, and 24.1 at. pct Ti deposits were single-phase grains of the L1(2) crystal structure, as opposed to the expected equilibrium two-phase mixture of face-centered cubic (fcc) Al (saturated with Ti) and D0(22) Al3Ti. Calculated electron diffraction intensity data were used to demonstrate that the decrease in intensity of the superlattice reflections in the substoichiometric deposits is due to a reduction in the difference in atomic scattering factors between the two lattice site types. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP JANOWSKI, GM (reprint author), UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294, USA. RI Janowski, Gregg/A-6354-2011 OI Janowski, Gregg/0000-0001-8384-4820 NR 33 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0360-2133 J9 METALL TRANS A PD OCT PY 1992 VL 23 IS 10 BP 2715 EP 2723 DI 10.1007/BF02651751 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA JR718 UT WOS:A1992JR71800003 ER PT J AU BEERS, J DOIRON, T AF BEERS, J DOIRON, T TI VERIFICATION OF REVISED WATER-VAPOR CORRECTION TO THE INDEX OF REFRACTION OF AIR SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Note AB The Edlen equation has become the standard method of relating the index of refraction of air to the air temperature, pressure and humidity. The recent suggestion for improvements in the humidity dependence by Birch and Downs has been verified at the 0,633 mum He-Ne laser wavelength using the line scale interferometer at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). RP BEERS, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV PRECIS ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES PI SEVRES CEDEX PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD OCT PY 1992 VL 29 IS 4 BP 315 EP 316 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/29/4/008 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA JY349 UT WOS:A1992JY34900008 ER PT J AU HUNTER, SM SCHUUR, TJ MARSHALL, TC RUST, WD AF HUNTER, SM SCHUUR, TJ MARSHALL, TC RUST, WD TI ELECTRIC AND KINEMATIC STRUCTURE OF THE OKLAHOMA MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM OF 7 JUNE 1989 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SQUALL-LINE; STRATIFORM PRECIPITATION; LIGHTNING LOCATIONS; THUNDERSTORM ANVIL; FIELD MEASUREMENTS; SINGLE-DOPPLER; FEATURES; CLOUDS AB Balloon soundings of electric field in Oklahoma mesoscale convective systems (MCS's) were made by the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) during the spring of 1989. A sounding made in the rearward edge of an MCS stratiform rain area on 7 June 1989 is the centerpiece of this study. We used data from Doppler radars, a lightning ground-strike location system, satellite, and other sources to relate the mesoscale attributes of the MCS to the observed electric-field profile. The stratiform area did not lag an organized convective line, but was apparently initiated by anvil precipitation downwind of convective cells that were at the west and southwest flanks of the MCS. The mature system produced a bipolar cloud-to-ground lightning pattern, in which most flashes of positive polarity came to ground in the downshear anvil or stratiform region. The bipole was oriented from 220-degrees, parallel to upper-level geostrophic flow, and its length was 190 km. We visually observed lightning flashes in the stratiform region that had long segments along cloud base. At least two cells separated from the main convective zone and moved near the region of stratiform cloud penetrated by the balloon. These convective cells may have influenced the intricate charge structure, which was manifested by 11 distinct charge layers from the electric-field sounding. Ten of the 11 charge layers were found between 3 and 8 km MSL (+10-degrees to -24-degrees-C), a depth coinciding with rear inflow into the stratiform region. Charge-density magnitudes (up to 3.9 nC m-3) are comparable to those reported for convective cells. The brightband level had negative charge, and just above that was the maximum total electric-field magnitude (120 kV m-1). The horizontal component of the field was 20-40 kV m-1 through much of the flight and attained a peak value of 70 kV m-1, supporting the presence of charge distribution inhomogeneities in the stratiform region. Despite the complexity of the vertical electric-field profile, its coarse structure is similar to others reported for the stratiform region and transition zone. Charged particle advection from the main convective zone may have produced this structure, prior to its complication by convection. C1 UNIV MISSISSIPPI,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,UNIVERSITY,MS 38677. NOAA,EARTH RESOURCES LAB,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069. UNIV OKLAHOMA,COOPERAT INST MESOSCALE METEOROL STUDIES,NORMAN,OK 73019. NR 53 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 120 IS 10 BP 2226 EP 2239 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<2226:EAKSOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JR719 UT WOS:A1992JR71900004 ER PT J AU WEICKMANN, KM KHALSA, SJS EISCHEID, J AF WEICKMANN, KM KHALSA, SJS EISCHEID, J TI THE ATMOSPHERIC ANGULAR-MOMENTUM CYCLE DURING THE TROPICAL MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; 40-50 DAY OSCILLATION; 30-60 DAY OSCILLATION; SOLID EARTH; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; CIRCULATION ANOMALIES; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; NORTHERN SUMMER; ZONAL WIND; FLUCTUATIONS AB Global-scale wind and outgoing longwave radiation anomalies are documented during the atmospheric angular-momentum (AAM) cycle associated with the Madden-Julian oscillation. Cross-spectral and compositing techniques are applied to 150- and 850-mb National Meteorological Center wind data and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data during ten northern winter and summer seasons. Coherent wind and OLR signals are found in the tropics and in the winter hemisphere and are dominated by zonal wavenumbers 0-2. At the time of zero AAM anomaly, anomalous zonal winds are found over the western hemisphere tropics (during northern winter), while convection anomalies tend to be collocated with the seasonal mean Australasian convection. Zonal-mean OLR anomalies are small. As the AAM anomaly increases, the anomalous zonal winds move eastward and poleward, while dipole convection anomalies become established over the oceanic warm pool and result in an east-west shift of the Australasian monsoon. Zonal-mean OLR anomalies tend to be large when the AAM anomalies are large. During northern winter, the inferred frictional torques peak near the time of maximum AAM anomalies, suggesting that pressure torques may also help force the angular-momentum changes. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP WEICKMANN, KM (reprint author), NOAA,EARTH RESOURCES LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI KHalsa, Siri Jodha/A-9338-2009 OI KHalsa, Siri Jodha/0000-0001-9217-5550 NR 43 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 120 IS 10 BP 2252 EP 2263 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<2252:TAAMCD>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JR719 UT WOS:A1992JR71900006 ER PT J AU NEIMAN, PJ MAY, PT SHAPIRO, MA AF NEIMAN, PJ MAY, PT SHAPIRO, MA TI RADIO ACOUSTIC SOUNDING SYSTEM (RASS) AND WIND PROFILER OBSERVATIONS OF LOWER-TROPOSPHERIC AND MIDTROPOSPHERIC WEATHER SYSTEMS SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADARS; TEMPERATURE; NETWORK AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Wave Propagation Laboratory (WPL) wind profilers and accompanying radio acoustic sounding system (RASS) temperature profilers in eastern Colorado jointly measure nearly continuous (less-than-or-equal-to 1 h), high vertical resolution (less-than-or-equal-to 300 m) wind-velocity and virtual-temperature profiles. This study presents NOAA/WPL wind profiler and RASS observations and diagnostics of propagating lower- and midtropospheric weather systems over Colorado. The wind and temperature remote-sensing systems observed wind-velocity and virtual-temperature structures associated with a synoptic-scale trough and embedded fronts, and a propagating short-wave trough and trailing midtropospheric jet-stream-frontal-zone (jet-front) system. Single-station hourly diagnostic calculations of geopotential heights, horizontal virtual potential temperature gradients, thermal advections, vertical velocities, gradient Richardson numbers, and cross-frontal isentropic potential vorticity demonstrate that dynamically consistent synoptic-scale and mesoscale signals can be obtained by combining wind profiler and RASS observations. The wind profilers and RASS documented mesoscale wind velocity and thermal features up to 400 mb that were unresolved temporally and spatially by the synoptic-scale rawinsonde network. Results demonstrate the potential for multisystem (network) applications of this revolutionary technology for describing the temporal and spatial evolution of synoptic-scale and mesoscale weather systems. C1 BUR METEOROL,RES LAB,MELBOURNE,AUSTRALIA. RP NEIMAN, PJ (reprint author), NOAA,EARTH RESOURCES LAB,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 42 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 120 IS 10 BP 2298 EP 2313 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<2298:RASSAW>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JR719 UT WOS:A1992JR71900009 ER PT J AU MILLER, PA BENJAMIN, SG AF MILLER, PA BENJAMIN, SG TI A SYSTEM FOR THE HOURLY ASSIMILATION OF SURFACE OBSERVATIONS IN MOUNTAINOUS AND FLAT TERRAIN SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ANALYSIS SCHEME; AIRCRAFT AB An assimilation system is presented that was designed to provide timely, detailed, and coherent analyses of surface data, even when the data are collected in rough terrain where station elevations differ widely and observations are often subject to local effects. Analyses with improved spatial continuity are obtained from these data through careful choice of analysis method and variables. The analysis method has the ability to handle varying data density, and the analysis variables, when possible, were chosen in such a way as to cancel out the effects of elevation differences. In addition, the method accounts for physical blocking and channeling by mountainous terrain by incorporating elevation and potential temperature differences in its horizontal correlation functions. The correlation functions also enable the method to more accurately represent surface gradients. An hourly analysis cycle is used in which each analysis uses as a background the previous hourly analysis (a 1-h persistence forecast). The cycling is important in providing temporal continuity between analyses. Detailed explanations of the analysis variables and method are given, along with a discussion of the objective quality-control procedures necessary to ensure reliable analyses in an operational environment. The assimilation system has been used experimentally by National Weather Service forecasters since 1986. Quality-control statistics summarizing the observational errors of surface stations across the 48 contiguous states are also presented. The effects of variable ter-rain on the analyses are demonstrated in examples. Sample analyses are presented, including diagnosed fields, for a severe-storm case. Overall, the surface analyses described here allow better temporal and spatial resolution than the current operational National Meteorological Center surface analyses. RP MILLER, PA (reprint author), NOAA,EARTH RESOURCES LAB,ENVIRONM RES LABS,FORECAST LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015 OI Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236 NR 20 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 120 IS 10 BP 2342 EP 2359 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<2342:ASFTHA>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JR719 UT WOS:A1992JR71900012 ER PT J AU REEDER, MJ SMITH, RK LORD, SJ AF REEDER, MJ SMITH, RK LORD, SJ TI THE DETECTION OF FLOW ASYMMETRIES IN THE TROPICAL CYCLONE ENVIRONMENT - REPLY SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Letter ID VORTEX MOTION C1 UNIV MUNICH,DEPT METEOROL,THERESIENSTR 37,W-8000 MUNICH 2,GERMANY. NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. MONASH UNIV,CTR DYNAM METEOR,CLAYTON,VIC 3168,AUSTRALIA. RI Reeder, Michael/G-2304-2011 OI Reeder, Michael/0000-0002-4583-5875 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 120 IS 10 BP 2398 EP 2400 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<2398:R>2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JR719 UT WOS:A1992JR71900018 ER PT J AU BUTLER, JH ELKINS, JW HALL, BD CUMMINGS, SO MONTZKA, SA AF BUTLER, JH ELKINS, JW HALL, BD CUMMINGS, SO MONTZKA, SA TI A DECREASE IN THE GROWTH-RATES OF ATMOSPHERIC HALON CONCENTRATIONS SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; MONTREAL PROTOCOL; METHYL-BROMIDE; CHEMISTRY; CHEMICALS; CHLORINE; AIR AB HALONS H-1301 (CBrF3) and H-1211 (CBrClF2) have been introduced into the atmosphere, mainly through use in fire extinguishers, for almost three decades. Although each is now present in the troposphere at a concentration of only 2 parts per 10(12), these gases have long atmospheric lifetimes (65-77 yr for H-1301 and 11-16 yr for H-1211)1,2 and carry significant amounts of bromine to the stratosphere2,3, where it can destroy ozone catalytically4,5. For this reason, the halons have high ozone depletion potentials6. The manufacture of both gases is to be discontinued globally by the year 2000, according to the Montreal Protocol, and perhaps sooner, as a result of unilateral action by users, manufacturers and producing countries7,8. Here we present a six-year record of tropospheric halon mixing ratios which shows that the growth rates of H-1301 and H-1211 have already begun to decrease substantially. This recent decrease in growth rates is consistent with industry emission estimates (although these have greater uncertainties), and supports current appraisals of atmospheric lifetimes. Our results suggest that, even though these halons are relatively long-lived species, their atmospheric mixing ratios may stabilize or begin to decrease within the next few years. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP BUTLER, JH (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. OI Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 NR 28 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 7 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 1 PY 1992 VL 359 IS 6394 BP 403 EP 405 DI 10.1038/359403a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JQ624 UT WOS:A1992JQ62400051 ER PT J AU LI, Q OBRIAN, TR LUCATORTO, TB MCILRATH, TJ KIM, JB XIONG, X AF LI, Q OBRIAN, TR LUCATORTO, TB MCILRATH, TJ KIM, JB XIONG, X TI CONFIGURATION-DEPENDENT AC STARK SHIFTS IN CALCIUM SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THRESHOLD IONIZATION PROCESSES; MULTI-PHOTON IONIZATION; XENON; LASER AB The energy shifts caused by intense laser radiation (10(8) to 10(10) W/cm2) are investigated for several high-lying levels of calcium in order to determine the ac Stark shift of a loosely bound electron in a strong electromagnetic field. Energy shifts are measured for the closely spaced levels 4s9s S-1(0), 4s8d 1D2, 4s10s S-1(0), and 3d5s 1D2 by using resonance ionization spectroscopy. The levels associated with Rydberg configurations show the expected ponderomotive energy shifts, but the 3d5s 1D2 shift is approximately half as large as the ponderomotive shifts. C1 KOREA ATOM ENERGY RES INST,DEPT ATOM SPECT,TAEJON,SOUTH KOREA. EASTERN ANALYT INC,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP LI, Q (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 1992 VL 17 IS 19 BP 1373 EP 1375 DI 10.1364/OL.17.001373 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA JP322 UT WOS:A1992JP32200019 PM 19798186 ER PT J AU SMITH, AM BURNETT, K COOPER, J AF SMITH, AM BURNETT, K COOPER, J TI CALCULATING THE DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT FOR LASER COOLING OF ATOMS WITH LONG-RANGE COLLISIONS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL ATOMS; FORCE; BEHAVIOR; SODIUM; MOTION; TRAP AB A calculation of the collisional diffusion coefficient is made which estimates the effect of collisions in an optical trap. The theory is based on the method of Gordon and Ashkin [Phys. Rev. A 21, 1606 (1980)] and incorporates the equations derived by Smith and Burnett [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 8, 1592 (1991)] to describe the interaction of two two-level atoms in a laser field. Results are obtained by using a nearest-neighbor model for the collisions and suggest a definite relationship between atomic density and collisional diffusion. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP SMITH, AM (reprint author), UNIV OXFORD,CLARENDON LAB,DEPT PHYS,PK RD,OXFORD OX1 3PU,ENGLAND. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 7 BP 4065 EP 4076 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.46.4065 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA JV109 UT WOS:A1992JV10900064 ER PT J AU SMITH, AM BURNETT, K JULIENNE, PS AF SMITH, AM BURNETT, K JULIENNE, PS TI SEMICLASSICAL THEORY OF COLLISION-INDUCED LOSS FROM OPTICAL TRAPS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID COLD AB A semiclassical analysis of the losses in an optical trap due to radiative collisions is presented. We use WKB theory to calculate the overlap between the ground- and excited-state wave functions. The results may be written as an absorption line shape and a survival on the excited state, with an excited-state velocity determined by energy conservation. In the region around resonance for the transition, the results reduce to those presented in previous analyses. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP SMITH, AM (reprint author), UNIV OXFORD,CLARENDON LAB,DEPT PHYS,PK RD,OXFORD OX1 3PU,ENGLAND. RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 7 BP 4091 EP 4099 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.46.4091 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA JV109 UT WOS:A1992JV10900067 ER PT J AU YOU, L COOPER, J AF YOU, L COOPER, J TI DISSIPATION AND FLUCTUATION DUE TO FOREIGN-ATOM COLLISIONS - A LANGEVIN-TYPE EQUATION APPROACH SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-REACTION; RAMAN-SCATTERING; QUANTUM-THEORY; REDISTRIBUTION; PROPAGATION; SUPERFLUORESCENCE; FIELD; INITIATION; RESONANCE; DYNAMICS AB We present a formal quantum-mechanical treatment of the damping and fluctuations of a generic radiator atom due to collisions with foreign gas atoms. By working in the Heisenberg picture, the fluctuating noise sources are identified with the damping. Under the same approximations as the conventional line-shape broadening theory in the impact (Markov) approximation, the fluctuation-dissipation theorem is satisfied in the form of the conservation of an equal-time commutator for the atomic operators. The implications of this type of approach for the quantum theory of light propagation in an active medium is addressed. Simple cases for two-level and three-level LAMBDA-type systems are given explicitly. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NBS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP YOU, L (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 7 BP 4335 EP 4346 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.46.4335 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA JV109 UT WOS:A1992JV10900094 ER PT J AU MOHR, PJ AF MOHR, PJ TI SELF-ENERGY CORRECTION TO ONE-ELECTRON ENERGY-LEVELS IN A STRONG COULOMB FIELD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Note ID LAMB-SHIFT; BINDING; HEAVY; ATOMS AB Results of a precise calculation of the Coulomb self-energy for states with n = 1 and 2 for nuclear charge Z in the range 5-110 in increments of 5 are given. Results are also given for some elements that are of particular experimental interest. These values provide improved accuracy over previous calculations. RP MOHR, PJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 184 Z9 185 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 1 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 7 BP 4421 EP 4424 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.46.4421 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA JV109 UT WOS:A1992JV10900105 ER PT J AU BLESSING, GV AF BLESSING, GV TI IS THE FEYNMAN EFFECT A MISNOMER SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter RP BLESSING, GV (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD OCT PY 1992 VL 45 IS 10 BP 144 EP 144 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA JU119 UT WOS:A1992JU11900034 ER PT J AU GOLDBERG, RN AF GOLDBERG, RN TI CONVERSION OF TEMPERATURES AND THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES TO THE BASIS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TEMPERATURE SCALE OF 1990 SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIVALENT-METAL FLUORIDES; HEAT-CAPACITY; ITS-90 AB Tables of temperature differences between the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) and earlier temperature scales (IPTS-68, EPT-76, IPTS-48, and ITS-27) are presented. These tables also contain values of the derivatives of these differences with respect to temperature. Analytical equations to reproduce the temperature difference (T90 - T68) and its first derivative are also given. This information is needed for the adjustment of thermodynamic results to the basis of the ITS-90. Thus, for the most accurate thermodynamic results, it is preferable to change the temperatures of the original work to the ITS-90 and then recalculate the thermodynamic results on this basis. However, conversion formulae based upon a Taylor expansion of the enthalpy have been derived previously by Douglas (J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., Sect. A 73, 451-470 (1969)). These equations are greatly simplified when the differences between the two temperature scales are small. Approximate effects resulting from the conversion from the IPTS-68 to the ITS-90 and from the IPTS-48 to the ITS-90 for existing calorimetric determinations of heat capacity, enthalpy, and entropy have been calculated with the equations of Douglas for ND4ReO4(s), BaSnF4(s), alpha-Al2O3(s), BeO.A12O3(s), BeO.3Al2O3(s), and Mo(s). The results of these calculations are given in tables which can be used to assess conveniently the approximate effects on thermodynamic properties due to the differences in these temperature scales. It is found that only the most accurate thermodynamic results require examination and possible adjustment because of a change in the temperature scale. C1 ROYAL MIL COLL CANADA,DEPT CHEM & CHEM ENG,KINGSTON K7K 5L0,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP GOLDBERG, RN (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 29 TC 128 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 64 IS 10 BP 1545 EP 1562 DI 10.1351/pac199264101545 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JT766 UT WOS:A1992JT76600015 ER PT J AU BRUNO, TJ AF BRUNO, TJ TI A SIMPLE AND EFFICIENT LOW-TEMPERATURE SAMPLE CELL FOR INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Note AB It is often helpful in infrared spectrophotometry to contain a liquid sample in a cell that is maintained at a subambient or nearly cryogenic temperature. Volatile samples and solvents being studied can vaporize and form bubbles in conventional liquid sample cells, especially under the influence of the infrared radiation from the source in a continuous-wave instrument. This will result in the formation of spikes on the spectra. In addition, some analytes are thermally labile and must be protected from warming while the spectrum is recorded. An easily constructed cell cooled with a vortex tube can solve many of these problems, and is in many ways an improvement over commercial devices. In this note, such a cell is described and its application to volatile alternative refrigerants is discussed. RP BRUNO, TJ (reprint author), NBS,DIV THERMOPHYS,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 63 IS 10 BP 4459 EP 4460 DI 10.1063/1.1143698 PN 1 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA JV132 UT WOS:A1992JV13200031 ER PT J AU DONOVAN, RJ JIANG, LQ STRONGIN, M FISCHER, DA AF DONOVAN, RJ JIANG, LQ STRONGIN, M FISCHER, DA TI DEUTERATION OF PROPYLENE OVER PALLADIUM OVERLAYERS ON TANTALUM SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PD; KINETICS; NB(110); CO AB The deuteration of propylene over Pd-covered Ta surfaces was studied by mass spectroscopy. The largest reaction rate for the formation of C3D8 and C3D7H occurred at coverages slightly greater than 0.5 monolayers and also at somewhat greater than 1 monolayer. The increase in formation Of C3D8 and C3D7H at fractional coverages was expected. However, in this work we find in addition a minimum in the reaction at one monolayer. We argue that this result demonstrates conclusively the dramatic effect of electronic structure on surface reactivity for the Pd-covered Ta surface. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT CHEM,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP DONOVAN, RJ (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 1992 VL 276 IS 1-3 BP 95 EP 98 DI 10.1016/0039-6028(92)90698-6 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA JQ016 UT WOS:A1992JQ01600016 ER PT J AU SENEKOWITSCH, J ONEIL, S MEYER, W AF SENEKOWITSCH, J ONEIL, S MEYER, W TI ON THE BONDING IN DOUBLY CHARGED DIATOMICS SO THEORETICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE DIATOMICS, DOUBLY CHARGED; BONDING; POTENTIAL ENERGY; DICATION POTENTIALS ID MOLECULAR DICATIONS; METHANE; IONS; TRANSITION; ABINITIO; MODEL; STATE; STABILITY; HYDROGEN; N-2(2+) AB The potential energy of interacting atomic ions A+ + B+ often shows a shallow local minimum separated by a broad potential barrier from the dissociation products at much lower energy. Early interpretations of dication potential shapes were based on the similarity of the electronic structure between isoelectronic neutral and ionic species and led to a picture of a chemical bond superimposed on a repulsive Coulomb potential. More recently, barriers in dication potentials have commonly been interpreted as avoided curve crossings involving covalent and ionic structures. In this paper, we demonstrate that the former model is the appropriate one except in cases with very small asymptotic ionic/covalent energy splittings. By deriving dication wavefunctions from their neutral isoelectronic counterparts, we obtain upper bound dication potential curves which show all the characteristic features. By further modeling induction effects, we arrive at an almost quantitative fit of accurate ab initio dication potentials. The "chemical bond plus electrostatic repulsion" interpretation of dication interactions also explains why the accurate calculation of potential curves appears to be much more demanding for dications than for isoelectronic neutrals. C1 UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV KAISERSLAUTERN,DEPT CHEM,W-6750 KAISERSLAUTERN,GERMANY. RP SENEKOWITSCH, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 29 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5744 J9 THEOR CHIM ACTA JI Theor. Chim. Acta PD OCT PY 1992 VL 84 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1007/BF01117404 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA JV173 UT WOS:A1992JV17300005 ER PT J AU LONG, GG BLACK, DR FELDMAN, A FARABAUGH, EN SPAL, RD TANAKA, DK ZHANG, Z AF LONG, GG BLACK, DR FELDMAN, A FARABAUGH, EN SPAL, RD TANAKA, DK ZHANG, Z TI STRUCTURE OF VAPOR-DEPOSITED YTTRIA AND ZIRCONIA THIN-FILMS SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY ABSORPTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FINE-STRUCTURE AB The structures of thin films of zirconia and yttria, deposited by electron beam evaporation, have been examined by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis. It was found that the structure of the yttria film was similar to that of bulk yttria, which is a cubic oxide phase. The zirconia film, however, possessed a structure different from that of the bulk material. An analysis of the zirconia film data indicated a structure with a predominant tetragonal phase. Although lower coordination numbers were found in the films than in the standard powder specimens, it was not clear from the extended fine structure whether this deficit was due to film porosity observed in prior work or to the disorder that is generally observed in films. An analysis of the near-edge structure, however, suggested that porosity, rather than disorder, was present in the films. In addition, the K-edge positions observed for both the zirconia and the yttria films were higher in energy by approximately 3 eV than the corresponding K-edge in the powder specimens, indicating that the films may be more insulating than the standard bulk material. RP LONG, GG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Tanaka, Deniol/C-5746-2009 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD SEP 30 PY 1992 VL 217 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 119 DI 10.1016/0040-6090(92)90615-I PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA JR301 UT WOS:A1992JR30100018 ER PT J AU HOBBIE, EK HAIR, DW NAKATANI, AI HAN, CC AF HOBBIE, EK HAIR, DW NAKATANI, AI HAN, CC TI CROSSOVER TO STRONG SHEAR IN A LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT CRITICAL POLYMER BLEND SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-DYNAMICS; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; PHASE-TRANSITION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; CRITICAL FLUIDS; MEAN-FIELD; FLOW; FLUCTUATIONS; MIXTURE AB Small-angle neutron scattering has been used to measure the influence of shear flow on a low-molecular-weight polymer blend near the critical point. When combined with light scattering measurements of the equilibrium (gamma=0) critical dynamics, these measurements reveal that the long-range critical fluctuations begin to break apart when the shear rate becomes comparable to the characteristic relaxation rate tau(c)-1, where tau(c), is the equilibrium lifetime of the critical fluctuations. This effect is directly related to the decrease in the critical temperature caused by the flow, and the data are found to be in very good agreement with the theoretical predictions of Onuki and Kawasaki. RP HOBBIE, EK (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013 NR 21 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 28 PY 1992 VL 69 IS 13 BP 1951 EP 1954 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.1951 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA JP859 UT WOS:A1992JP85900032 ER PT J AU GAYLE, FW AF GAYLE, FW TI IMAGES OF MATERIALS - WILLIAMS,DB, PELTON,AR, GRONSKY,R SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review RP GAYLE, FW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 25 PY 1992 VL 257 IS 5078 BP 1976 EP 1976 DI 10.1126/science.257.5078.1976 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JP594 UT WOS:A1992JP59400038 PM 17753499 ER PT J AU TAKADA, K KITAGAWA, T HATTORI, K YAMADA, M HORIGUCHI, M HICKERNELL, RK AF TAKADA, K KITAGAWA, T HATTORI, K YAMADA, M HORIGUCHI, M HICKERNELL, RK TI DIRECT DISPERSION MEASUREMENT OF HIGHLY-ERBIUM-DOPED OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS USING A LOW COHERENCE REFLECTOMETER COUPLED WITH DISPERSIVE FOURIER SPECTROSCOPY SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS; REFLECTOMETERS; SPECTROSCOPY; LASERS AB The group delay and dispersion, including the erbium ion contributions, of the highly erbium-doped silica planar waveguide amplifier and multicomponent glass fibre amplifiers are directly measured at different pump powers using a low coherenoe reflectometer and dispersive Fourier spectroscopy. This method derives the refractive index spectra of these amplifiers directly from the produced refiectograms without any physical or matheinatical assumptions. The dispersion of the planar waveguide amplifier at 500 mW pumping changes between +300 and -200 ps/km/nm with a 0.4 wt % erbium conoentration. C1 US DEPT COMMERCE,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP TAKADA, K (reprint author), NIPPON TELEGRAPH & TELEPHONE CORP,OPTOELECTR LABS,TOKAI,IBARAKI 31911,JAPAN. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD, ENGLAND SG1 2AY SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD SEP 24 PY 1992 VL 28 IS 20 BP 1889 EP 1891 DI 10.1049/el:19921209 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA JT461 UT WOS:A1992JT46100025 ER PT J AU HOFMANN, DJ OLTMANS, SJ HARRIS, JM SOLOMON, S DESHLER, T JOHNSON, BJ AF HOFMANN, DJ OLTMANS, SJ HARRIS, JM SOLOMON, S DESHLER, T JOHNSON, BJ TI OBSERVATION AND POSSIBLE CAUSES OF NEW OZONE DEPLETION IN ANTARCTICA IN 1991 SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID BALLOON-BORNE OBSERVATIONS; HETEROGENEOUS CHEMISTRY; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; HOLE AB Local ozone reductions approaching 50% in magnitude were observed during the Antarctic spring in the 11-13 and 25-30 km altitude regions over South Pole and McMurdo Stations in 1991. These reductions, at altitudes where depletion has not been observed previously, resulted in a late September total ozone column 10-15% lower than previous years. The added depletion in the lower stratosphere was observed to coincide with penetration into the polar vortex of highly enhanced concentrations of aerosol particles from volcanic activity in 1991. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV WYOMING,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP HOFMANN, DJ (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 22 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 4 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 24 PY 1992 VL 359 IS 6393 BP 283 EP 287 DI 10.1038/359283a0 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JP503 UT WOS:A1992JP50300044 ER PT J AU DELAUDER, S SCHWARZ, FP WILLIAMS, JC ATHA, DH AF DELAUDER, S SCHWARZ, FP WILLIAMS, JC ATHA, DH TI THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF HEPARIN BINDING TO HUMAN ANTITHROMBIN SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE HEPARIN; ANTITHROMBIN; BINDING; THERMODYNAMICS; CALORIMETRY; THERMAL DENATURATION ID HIGH-AFFINITY HEPARIN; ANTI-THROMBIN-III; SCANNING CALORIMETRY; THERMAL-DENATURATION; PROTEIN; COFACTOR; STABILIZATION; PURIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; MECHANISM AB The binding of heparin to human antithrombin Ill (ATIII) was investigated by titration calorimetry (TC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). TC measurements of homogeneous high-affinity pentasaccharide and octasaccharide fragments of heparin in 0.02 M phosphate buffer and 0.15 M sodium chloride (pH 7.3) yielded binding constants of (7.1 +/- 1.3) . 10(5) M-1 and (6.7 +/- 1.2) . 10(6) M-1, respectively, and corresponding binding enthalpies of -48.3 +/- 0.7 and -54.4 +/- 5.4 kJ mol-1. The binding enthalpy of heparin in phosphate buffer (0.02 M, 0.15 M NaCl, pH 7.3) was estimated from TC measurements to be -55 +/- 10 kJ mol-1, while the enthalpy in Tris buffer (0.02 M, 0.15 M NaCl, pH 7.3) was -18 +/- 2 kJ mol-1. The heparin-binding affinity was shown by fluorescence measurements not to change under these conditions. The 3-fold lower binding enthalpy in Tris can be attributed to the transfer of a proton from the buffer to the heparin-ATIII complex. DSC measurements of the ATIII unfolding transition exhibited a sharp denaturation peak at 329 +/- 1 K with a van 't Hoff enthalpy of 951 +/- 89 kJ mol-1, based on a two-state transition model and a much broader transition from 333 to 366 K. The transition peak at 329 K accounted for 9-18% of the total ATIII. At sub-saturate heparin concentrations, the lower temperature peak became bimodal with the appearance of a second transition peak at 336 K. At saturate heparin concentration only the 336 K peak was observed. This supports a two domain model of ATIII folding in which the lower stability domain (329 K) binds and is stabilized by heparin. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD. HOWARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3002 J9 BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA PD SEP 23 PY 1992 VL 1159 IS 2 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1016/0167-4838(92)90018-9 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA JT180 UT WOS:A1992JT18000005 PM 1390919 ER PT J AU DESHLER, T ADRIANI, A GOBBI, GP HOFMANN, DJ DIDONFRANCESCO, G JOHNSON, BJ AF DESHLER, T ADRIANI, A GOBBI, GP HOFMANN, DJ DIDONFRANCESCO, G JOHNSON, BJ TI VOLCANIC AEROSOL AND OZONE DEPLETION WITHIN THE ANTARCTIC POLAR VORTEX DURING THE AUSTRAL SPRING OF 1991 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERE; LIDAR AB In the spring of 1991 the Antarctic lower stratosphere was characterized by a layer of volcanic aerosol from the Cerro Hudson eruption. This aerosol layer was observed from McMurdo Station, Antarctica, with both lidar and balloonborne particle counters beginning around 10 September. After 20 September the aerosol was observed daily between 9 and 13 km. In this layer homogeneous nucleation of new, aerosol was observed with concentrations > 6000 cm-3. Comparisons of scattering ratio calculated from measured particle size distributions agree best with the lidar measurements when a real index of refraction near 1.5 is used. In the past 5 years of measurements, ozone below 13 km has been relatively unchanged during the annual Antarctic ozone depletion; however, in 1991 ozone below 13 km decreased at a rate of 4 - 8 ppb day-1 over 30 days. This change began shortly after the appearance of the volcanic aerosol, providing direct measurements correlating volcanic aerosol and ozone depletion. C1 ENTE NAZL ENERGIA ATOM,AMB MON CRE,ROME,ITALY. CNR,IST FIS ATMOSFERA,FRASCATI,ITALY. NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP DESHLER, T (reprint author), UNIV WYOMING,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. OI Adriani, Alberto/0000-0003-4998-8008 NR 16 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 23 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 18 BP 1819 EP 1822 DI 10.1029/92GL01943 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JP962 UT WOS:A1992JP96200005 ER PT J AU GAGE, KS MCAFEE, JR REID, GC AF GAGE, KS MCAFEE, JR REID, GC TI DIURNAL-VARIATION IN VERTICAL MOTION OVER THE CENTRAL EQUATORIAL PACIFIC FROM VHF WIND-PROFILING DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS AT CHRISTMAS-ISLAND (2-DEGREES-N, 157-DEGREES-W) SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MST RADAR; VARIABILITY; CLIMATOLOGY; VELOCITY AB Wind-profiling Doppler radars measure vertical motions along a vertically-directed beam. By averaging over long periods it is possible to measure very small mean vertical motions. Long-term measurements at Christmas Island have been analyzed to determine the diurnal variation in the vertical motion field. The outstanding feature that emerges from the analysis is a pronounced diurnal cycle in the subsiding motion of the main troposphere (4-10 km) and an equally pronounced diurnal cycle in upward motion centered around the altitude of the tropopause. The possibility of radiative forcing of the observed diurnal cycle is considered in the context of the diurnal variation of atmospheric diabatic heating and cooling rates. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP GAGE, KS (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,AERON LAB,R-E-AL3,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 23 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 18 BP 1827 EP 1830 DI 10.1029/92GL02105 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JP962 UT WOS:A1992JP96200007 ER PT J AU GAFFEN, DJ ELLIOTT, WP ROBOCK, A AF GAFFEN, DJ ELLIOTT, WP ROBOCK, A TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TROPOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR AND SURFACE-TEMPERATURE AS OBSERVED BY RADIOSONDES SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE; HUMIDITY; OCEANS AB Using radiosonde data from 50 stations for 1973-1990, we quantify relationships between surface air temperature (T(s)) and precipitable water vapor (W) for different time scales. Monthly mean observations are fairly well described by an equation of the form ln W = A + B T(s), but the coefficients A and B depend on the T(s) range considered. At high T(s), the relationship is poor. This relationship and relationships between sea surface temperature (SST) and W based on satellite microwave observations over oceans are in remarkably good agreement over restricted SST ranges. Monthly and annual anomalies of W and T(s) are well correlated only outside the tropics, but on longer time scales, there is some evidence of positive trends in both W and T(s) at most of the stations studied. Thus the relationship between W and T(s) depends on the time scales and geographic region considered. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT METEOROL,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP GAFFEN, DJ (reprint author), NOAA,AIR RESOURCES RES LAB,R-E-AR,1325 E WEST HWY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. OI Robock, Alan/0000-0002-6319-5656 NR 14 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 23 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 18 BP 1839 EP 1842 DI 10.1029/92GL02001 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JP962 UT WOS:A1992JP96200010 ER PT J AU BEGELMAN, MC LI, ZY AF BEGELMAN, MC LI, ZY TI AN AXISYMMETRICAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC MODEL FOR THE CRAB PULSAR WIND BUBBLE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, BUBBLES; ISM, INDIVIDUAL (CRAB NEBULA); MHD; PULSARS, INDIVIDUAL (CRAB NEBULA) ID NEBULA; POLARIZATION AB We extend Kennel & Coroniti's spherical magnetohydrodynamic models for the Crab Nebula to include the pinching effect of the toroidal magnetic field. Since the bulk nebular flow is likely to be very submagnetosonic, a quasi-static treatment is possible. We show that the pinching effect can be responsible for the observed elongation of the pulsar wind bubble, as indicated by the surface brightness contours of optical synchrotron radiation. From the observed elongation we estimate a value for sigma, the ratio of Poynting flux to plasma kinetic energy flux in the free pulsar wind, which is consistent with previous results from spherical models. Using the inferred magnetic field configuration inside the pulsar wind bubble, combined with the observed dimensions of the X-ray nebula, we are able to constrain the particle distribution function. We conclude that, for a power-law injection function, the maximum energy has to be much larger in the pulsar equatorial region than in the polar region. Larger minimum energy near the equator is also desirable in order to bring the computed contours into closer agreement with those observed, suggesting that the free pulsar wind moves faster near the equator than near the poles. Finally, we describe how the interaction of the magnetic field with the "bays" in the synchrotron nebula could produce the " hourglass " shape of the total polarized optical light found by Michel et al. C1 UNIV COLORADO, DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP BEGELMAN, MC (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 26 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 1992 VL 397 IS 1 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1086/171778 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA JM989 UT WOS:A1992JM98900021 ER PT J AU KAUFMAN, YJ SETZER, A WARD, D TANRE, D HOLBEN, BN MENZEL, P PEREIRA, MC RASMUSSEN, R AF KAUFMAN, YJ SETZER, A WARD, D TANRE, D HOLBEN, BN MENZEL, P PEREIRA, MC RASMUSSEN, R TI BIOMASS BURNING AIRBORNE AND SPACEBORNE EXPERIMENT IN THE AMAZONAS (BASE-A) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SCALE AIR-POLLUTION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; EMISSIONS; AEROSOLS; TROPICS; BRAZIL; ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE; CARBON AB In the Biomass Burning Airborne and Spaceborne Experiment in the Amazonas (BASE-A). conducted in September 1989, trace gas and particulate matter emissions were measured from biomass burning due to deforestation and grassland fires in South America. This information is required for a better understanding of the environmental impacts of biomass burning in the tropics and to improve algorithms for remote sensing of biomass burning from satellite platforms. The field experiment utilized the twin-engine Embraer Bandeirante EMB-101 instrumented aircraft of the Brazilian Institute for Space Research (INPE). Concentrations of ozone, CO2, CO, CH4, and particulate matter were measured from the aircraft. Fires were observed from satellite imagery, and the smoke optical thickness, particle size, and profiles of the extinction coefficient were measured using sunphotometers in the aircraft and from the ground. Four smoke plumes were sampled, three vertical profiles were measured, and extensive ground measurements were conducted of smoke optical characteristics for different smoke types. The collected data were analyzed for determining the emission ratios and combustion efficiency (the efficiency of a fire to convert the total burned carbon to carbon dioxide) and were compared with the results from fires in North America. Combustion efficiency was found to be higher in the tropics (97% for the cerrado and 90% for the deforestation fires) with emission factors similar to those of North American fires, for a given combustion efficiency. A strong relation was found between the spatial distribution of fires (up to 9000 per day in one state) and ozone concentration (up to 80 ppbv) and between biomass burning and concentrations of trace gases, particulate matter, and ozone. These relations strongly suggest a correlation between biomass burning in the tropics and ozone formation. An optical model of the smoke aerosol was derived and applied to radiance measurements. The smoke single scattering albedo was computed from the graphitic carbon concentration (assuming external mode mixture) as 0.90 +/- 0.01. The particles effective radii were 0.1 to 0.2 mum except for 1-day aged smoke with values up to 0.4 mum. Radiance measurements indicate that the width of the particle size distribution may be smaller in the tropics than for North American fires. The measured optical properties of smoke and the high correlation between emitted trace gases and particles form a basis for remote sensing of radiatively important trace gases and particulate matter from biomass burning using AVHRR imagery. C1 INST PESQUISAS ESPACIAIS,SAO JOSE CAMPOS,SP,BRAZIL. NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,SATELLITE APPL LAB,MADISON,WI. US FOREST SERV,FIRE CHEM,MISSOULA,MT. OREGON GRAD INST SCI & TECHNOL,BEAVERTON,OR. RP KAUFMAN, YJ (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ATMOSPHERES LAB,MAIL CODE 923,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201 NR 79 TC 147 Z9 152 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D13 BP 14581 EP 14599 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JP896 UT WOS:A1992JP89600016 ER PT J AU FRIED, A HENRY, B RAGAZZI, RA MERRICK, M STOKES, J PYZDROWSKI, T SAMS, R AF FRIED, A HENRY, B RAGAZZI, RA MERRICK, M STOKES, J PYZDROWSKI, T SAMS, R TI MEASUREMENTS OF CARBONYL SULFIDE IN AUTOMOTIVE EMISSIONS AND AN ASSESSMENT OF ITS IMPORTANCE TO THE GLOBAL SULFUR CYCLE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TUNABLE DIODE-LASER; OCS; MONOXIDE; STRATOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN; ACID; MASS; CS2 AB Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is thought to be the major precursor to the background stratospheric aerosol sulfate layer during nonvolcanic time periods. Long-term perturbations to this layer from increased OCS emissions could significantly influence the Earth's radiation budget, climate, and ozone levels. The present study was carried out in an effort to determine mass emission rates of OCS from automobiles, a potentially important global source of this gas. Studies were carried out on a variety of gasoline vehicles including those without catalytic converters, vehicles with older oxidation catalysts, and vehicles employing newer three-way catalysts. Preliminary measurements were also carried out on four diesel fuel cars and one medium-duty diesel fuel truck. Measurements of OCS were acquired by tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, and in most cases, measurements of CO were also acquired. Gasoline vehicles, which included some of the lowest and some of the highest CO emitters on the road today, revealed very high correlation between OCS and CO mass emission rates. The OCS-CO linear regression resulted in a slope of (5.8 +/- 1.6) x 10(-6) (gOCS/gCO) and a correlation coefficient of 0.92. Our preliminary diesel fuel measurements resulted in a corresponding slope 34.5 times larger. On the basis of these results we calculated a global OCS source strength for gasoline and diesel fuel vehicles of 0.0008 to 0.008 Tg yr-1. The upper limit is a factor of 100 to 600 times less important than the sum of all OCS sources. In contrast to the global scale, automotive emissions of OCS may be important on a local scale, particularly when attempting to measure background concentrations and associated small secular trends. Our OCS-CO ratios have been shown to be very useful in helping to delineate automotive sources from other sources. C1 COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. RP FRIED, A (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,POB 3000,BOULDER,CO 80307, USA. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D13 BP 14621 EP 14634 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JP896 UT WOS:A1992JP89600018 ER PT J AU TURNIPSEED, AA BARONE, SB RAVISHANKARA, AR AF TURNIPSEED, AA BARONE, SB RAVISHANKARA, AR TI OBSERVATION OF CH3S ADDITION TO O-2 IN THE GAS-PHASE SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; DIMETHYL DISULFIDE; KINETICS; NO2; MECHANISM; RADICALS; SULFIDE; PHOTOOXIDATION; OXIDATION; CONSTANT AB The formation of a weakly bound adduct between CH3S and 02 was observed between 216 and 258 K using the technique of pulsed laser photolysis/laser-induced fluorescence. The equilibrium constant for the gas-phase reaction, CH3S + O2 half arrow right over half arrow left CH3SOO (If, Ir), was measured. The CH3S-OO bond is measured to be almost-equal-to 11 kcal mol-1. This is one of the first weakly bound radical-O2 adducts that has been observed which could be of significance in the atmosphere. The atmospheric implications of this adduct are briefly discussed. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 17 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD SEP 17 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 19 BP 7502 EP 7505 DI 10.1021/j100198a006 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA JN952 UT WOS:A1992JN95200006 ER PT J AU SHEARER, KD MAAGE, A OPSTVEDT, J MUNDHEIM, H AF SHEARER, KD MAAGE, A OPSTVEDT, J MUNDHEIM, H TI EFFECTS OF HIGH-ASH DIETS ON GROWTH, FEED-EFFICIENCY, AND ZINC STATUS OF JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON (SALMO-SALAR) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT; MINERAL-NUTRITION; CHANNEL CATFISH; FISH; DIGESTIBILITY; REQUIREMENTS; AVAILABILITY; INDICATORS; GAIRDNERI; CALCIUM AB Juvenile Atlantic salmon (initial weight 3.9 g) were fed practical diets with similar levels of protein and energy, and graded levels of fish bone, for 98 days. The diets contained 10. 5 to 17.5% ash and 100 ppm zinc after the addition of a commercial mineral supplement. When fish were fed a fixed ration, feed efficiency decreased (1.02 to 0.89) and their growth rate was reduced as the level of dietary ash was increased. When fed ad libitum, weight gains were similar in all groups. Protein digestibility was not affected by the level of dietary ash. Whole-body concentrations of iron and zinc declined markedly in all groups during the experiment. Even though clinical signs of zinc deficiency were not observed, small but statistically significant differences in whole-body zinc concentrations between treatments were detected. The results of this study suggest that dietary ash levels up to 17.5% are not detrimental to juvenile Atlantic salmon when the dietary zinc level is minimally 100 ppm. C1 INST MARINE RES,MATRE AQUA CULTURE STN,MATREOAL,NORWAY. INST NUTR,DIRECTORATE FISHERIES,BERGEN,NORWAY. NORWEGIAN HERRING OIL & MEAL IND RES INST,BERGEN,NORWAY. RP SHEARER, KD (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES CTR,DIV UTILIZAT RES,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD SEP 15 PY 1992 VL 106 IS 3-4 BP 345 EP 355 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(92)90266-N PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JP597 UT WOS:A1992JP59700014 ER PT J AU MCPHADEN, MJ BAHR, F DUPENHOAT, Y FIRING, E HAYES, SP NIILER, PP RICHARDSON, PL TOOLE, JM AF MCPHADEN, MJ BAHR, F DUPENHOAT, Y FIRING, E HAYES, SP NIILER, PP RICHARDSON, PL TOOLE, JM TI THE RESPONSE OF THE WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN TO WESTERLY WIND BURSTS DURING NOVEMBER 1989 TO JANUARY 1990 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID 1986-87 EL-NINO; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; ZONAL CURRENTS; EVENTS; ONSET; WAVES AB Several 5 to 10 m s-1 westerly wind bursts of 10-15 days' duration occurred in the western equatorial Pacific during November 1989 to January 1990. The response to these wind bursts was characterized by a 400- to 600-km-wide eastward jet in the upper 100-150 m along the equator between 135-degrees-E and the date line. Flow in this jet accelerated to speeds of over 100 cm s-1 within 1 week after the onset of westerly winds in November 1989 in association with supertyphoon Irma. In addition, a 20 to 40 cm s-1 westward counterflow developed between 2-degrees-N and 2-degrees-S below the surface jet separating it from the eastward flow of the Equatorial Undercurrent in the thermocline. Changes in surface layer zonal volume transports in the western Pacific due to westerly wind bursts were 25-56 Sv based on comparison of three shipboard velocity transects in November and December 1989. Although fluctuations in current speeds in the thermocline were generally smaller and less directly related to local wind forcing than those in the surface layer, the Equatorial Undercurrent decelerated to less than 20 cm s-1 (i.e., less than half its speed before the onset of westerlies) by early December 1989. Westerly winds also produced a strong surface convergence in both the meridional and zonal directions west of the date line. In late November 1989, this convergence was associated with downwelling of 2-3 m d-1 along the equator, and a 20- to 30-m depression of the thermocline. In addition, sea level rose by 10 dyn cm from mid-November to mid-December between I-degrees-S and 3-degrees-N, 165-degrees-E. Sea surface temperature dropped over a large region by 0.2-degrees-0.5-degrees-C during episodes of high westerly winds, and some episodes of high winds were associated with 0.2-degrees-0.3-degrees-C sea surface temperature inversions supported by salt-stratified buoyancy gradients in the upper 100 m. The near-surface salinity balance was dominated by lateral advection when relatively fresh water from north of a salinity front centered near 3-degrees-N was advected southward by Ekman drift in late November 1989. Displacement of this front past a current meter mooring at 0-degrees, 165-degrees-E, appeared as a local drop of 1 psu in surface layer salinity in 10 days. These results are discussed in the context of a swing in the climate system towards El Nino-Southern Oscillation-like conditions in early 1990. C1 ORSTOM,GRP SURTROPAC,NOUMEA,NEW CALEDONIA. WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. UNIV HAWAII,HAWAII INST GEOPHYS,HONOLULU,HI 96822. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP MCPHADEN, MJ (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,BLDG 3,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 43 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS C9 BP 14289 EP 14303 DI 10.1029/92JC01197 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA JP205 UT WOS:A1992JP20500003 ER PT J AU WHITE, WB TAI, CK AF WHITE, WB TAI, CK TI REFLECTION OF INTERANNUAL ROSSBY WAVES AT THE MARITIME WESTERN BOUNDARY OF THE TROPICAL PACIFIC SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID TERM CLIMATIC VARIABILITY; NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; GEOSAT CROSSOVER ANALYSIS; EL-NINO; NORTH PACIFIC; SEA-LEVEL; ENSO EVENTS; OCEAN; MODEL; CYCLE AB The reflection of interannual Rossby waves over a 2.7-year period (i.e., November 1986 to August 1989) is examined in the western tropical Pacific utilizing altimetric sea level observations from the Geosat Exact Repeat Mission. In 1987 this reflection process generates upwelling Kelvin waves that tended to limit the growth of the 1986-1987 El Nino in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Two-dimensional autocorrelation and spectral analyses verify the existence of westward traveling Rossby waves in both the equatorial and off-equatorial domains, and eastward propagating Kelvin waves in the equatorial domain. Extended empirical orthogonal function (EEOF) analysis characterizes the time-space evolutionary behavior of the Rossby wave reflection process, extending from the E1 Nino in 1986-1987 toward the anti-El Nino in 1988-1989. Both the Philippines Archipelago in the northern hemisphere and the Solomon Archipelago/Bismarck Archipelago/New Guinea complex in the southern hemisphere appear to reflect incident Rossby waves, with maximum amplitude near 8-degrees-N and 8-degrees-S, generating Kelvin waves in the equatorial wave guide that conduct the anomalous signal eastward along the equator. This apparent reflection process is examined in terms of the linear theory, with sea level phase information in the northern hemisphere at the western boundary (130-degrees-W) expanded in terms of the Kelvin and symmetric Rossby meridional wave modes. These modes are formed as weighted sums of parabolic cylinder functions. This procedure, operating under the constraint that the reflection process occurred according to linear theory, determines the percent contribution that each incident Rossby wave mode amplitude has upon the amplitude of the reflected Kelvin wave. This percentage changed little over the evolution of the EEOF pattern. The amplitude of the first-mode Rossby wave (i.e., mode 2) accounts for most of the Kelvin wave amplitude (i.e., 70-80%), with the higher-mode Rossby wave amplitudes (i.e., 4, 6, and 8) contributing less (i.e., 20%, - 10%, and 10%, respectively), interacting both constructively and destructively with the first. C1 NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,OFF OCEAN & EARTH SCI,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. RP WHITE, WB (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. RI Tai, C.K./F-5628-2010 NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS C9 BP 14305 EP 14322 DI 10.1029/92JC01441 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA JP205 UT WOS:A1992JP20500004 ER PT J AU HAMMOUDA, B AF HAMMOUDA, B TI MULTIDISK NEUTRON VELOCITY SELECTORS SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article AB Helical multidisk velocity selectors used for neutron scattering applications have been analyzed and tested experimentally. Design and performance considerations are discussed along with simple "planation of the basic concept. A simple progression is used for the inter-disk spacing in the "Rosta" design. Ray tracing computer investigations are presented in order to assess the "coverage" (how many absorbing layers are stacked along the path of "wrong" wavelength neutrons) and the relative number of neutrons absorbed in each disk (and therefore the relative amount of gamma radiation emitted from each disk). We discuss whether a multidisk velocity selector can be operated in the "reverse" configuration (i.e. the selector is turned by 180-degrees around a vertical axis with the rotor spun in the reverse direction). Experimental tests and calibration of a multidisk selector are reported together with evidence that a multidisk selector can be operated in the "reverse" configuration. RP HAMMOUDA, B (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 15 PY 1992 VL 321 IS 1-2 BP 275 EP 283 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(92)90401-O PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA JP590 UT WOS:A1992JP59000031 ER PT J AU MIYANO, KE KENDELEWICZ, T WOICIK, JC COWAN, PL BOULDIN, CE KARLIN, BA PIANETTA, P SPICER, WE AF MIYANO, KE KENDELEWICZ, T WOICIK, JC COWAN, PL BOULDIN, CE KARLIN, BA PIANETTA, P SPICER, WE TI STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE (1 MONOLAYER SB)/GAP(110) INTERFACE USING X-RAY STANDING WAVES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; III-V-SEMICONDUCTORS; SB OVERLAYERS; 110 SURFACES; DYNAMICAL ANALYSIS; PHOTOEMISSION; SB/GAAS(110); SPECTROSCOPY; INTENSITIES; GAAS(110) AB The x-ray-standing-wave technique has been applied to the (1 monolayer Sb)/GaP (110) interface. Using the back-reflection geometry from (200) and (220) planes, the buckling of the Sb chains was determined to be 0.04 +/- 0.10 angstrom and the perpendicular displacement of these chains from the extrapolated bulk (220) plane was determined to be 2.31 +/- 0.10 angstrom. These measurements favor a structure such that Sb adatoms occupy sites analogous to those of the next extrapolated substrate layer. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE,UPTON,NY 11973. RP MIYANO, KE (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD ELECTR LABS,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 11 BP 6869 EP 6874 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.46.6869 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JN826 UT WOS:A1992JN82600023 ER PT J AU KENDELEWICZ, T WOICIK, JC MIYANO, KE HERRERAGOMEZ, A COWAN, PL KARLIN, BA BOULDIN, CE PIANETTA, P SPICER, WE AF KENDELEWICZ, T WOICIK, JC MIYANO, KE HERRERAGOMEZ, A COWAN, PL KARLIN, BA BOULDIN, CE PIANETTA, P SPICER, WE TI X-RAY STANDING-WAVE STUDY OF MONOLAYERS OF SB ON GAAS(110) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Note ID SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINE; SURFACE ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; HIGH-ENERGY-RESOLUTION; III-V-SEMICONDUCTORS; REGISTRATION PROBLEM; 110 SURFACES; OVERLAYERS; ANTIMONY; SPECTROSCOPY; INTERFACE AB The x-ray standing-wave technique has been used to determine the geometrical structure of Sb on GaAs(110). Using the back reflection diffraction geometry from (220) and (400) planes, we find the average vertical distance of Sb atoms from the GaAs surface to be 2.27 +/-0.05 angstrom in agreement with theoretical calculations for the epitaxial continued layer structure. Other models of buckled zigzag chains are found inconsistent with our results. Additionally, our data indicate less than 10% disorder in the Sb overlayer. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,ARGONNE,IL 60439. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE,UPTON,NY 11973. RP KENDELEWICZ, T (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD ELECTR LABS,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 26 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 11 BP 7276 EP 7279 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.46.7276 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA JN826 UT WOS:A1992JN82600086 ER PT J AU THOMSON, R AF THOMSON, R TI THE VIEWPOINT SET ON MULTILAYERS - INTRODUCTION SO SCRIPTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Editorial Material RP THOMSON, R (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0956-716X J9 SCRIPTA METALL MATER JI Scr. Metall. Materialia PD SEP 15 PY 1992 VL 27 IS 6 BP 649 EP 650 DI 10.1016/0956-716X(92)90482-T PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA JJ734 UT WOS:A1992JJ73400001 ER PT J AU FOECKE, T LASHMORE, DS AF FOECKE, T LASHMORE, DS TI MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR OF COMPOSITIONALLY MODULATED ALLOYS SO SCRIPTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID TENSILE-STRENGTH; ELASTIC-MODULUS; NI-CU; NICKEL; FOILS; ELECTRODEPOSITION; SUPERLATTICES; SYSTEMS; FILMS C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP FOECKE, T (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA. NR 57 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0956-716X J9 SCRIPTA METALL MATER JI Scr. Metall. Materialia PD SEP 15 PY 1992 VL 27 IS 6 BP 651 EP 656 DI 10.1016/0956-716X(92)90483-U PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA JJ734 UT WOS:A1992JJ73400002 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, P LIN, IH THOMSON, R AF ANDERSON, P LIN, IH THOMSON, R TI FRACTURE IN MULTILAYERS SO SCRIPTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID SCREW DISLOCATIONS; CRACKS C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP ANDERSON, P (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0956-716X J9 SCRIPTA METALL MATER JI Scr. Metall. Materialia PD SEP 15 PY 1992 VL 27 IS 6 BP 687 EP 692 DI 10.1016/0956-716X(92)90489-2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA JJ734 UT WOS:A1992JJ73400008 ER PT J AU CASELLA, RC WERNER, SA AF CASELLA, RC WERNER, SA TI ELECTROMAGNETIC ACCELERATION OF NEUTRONS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-SHIFT; INTERFERENCE AB We note that the neutron spin must be treated as an intrinsically quantum variable when determining electromagnetically induced phase shifts in neutron interferometry by computing the otherwise-classical action over the classical orbit. We show that a putative acceleration of the neutron (gamma/mc)E x (mu x B), recently suggested by Anandan, is essentially unobservable in such measurements over segments of the orbit where the electric and magnetic fields are constant (or vary slowly), within standard electroweak theory. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65221. RP CASELLA, RC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 14 PY 1992 VL 69 IS 11 BP 1625 EP 1628 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.1625 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA JM850 UT WOS:A1992JM85000001 ER PT J AU OLINSKI, R ZASTAWNY, T BUDZBON, J SKOKOWSKI, J ZEGARSKI, W DIZDAROGLU, M AF OLINSKI, R ZASTAWNY, T BUDZBON, J SKOKOWSKI, J ZEGARSKI, W DIZDAROGLU, M TI DNA-BASE MODIFICATIONS IN CHROMATIN OF HUMAN CANCEROUS TISSUES SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; FREE RADICALS; DNA DAMAGE; HYDROXYL RADICAL; MUTATION ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SITE-SPECIFIC MUTAGENESIS; IONIZING-RADIATION; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; THYMINE GLYCOL; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; OXYGEN RADICALS; CELLULAR DNA; REPAIR AB Free radical-induced damage to bNA in vivo is implicated to play a role in carcinogenesis. Evidence exists that DNA damage by endogenous free radicals occurs in vivo, and there is a steady-state level of free radical-modified bases in cellular DNA. We have investigated endogenous levels of typical free radical-induced DNA base modifications in chromatin of various human cancerous tissues and their cancer-free surrounding tissues. Five different types of surgically removed tissues were used, namely colon, stomach, ovary, brain and lung tissues. In chromatin samples isolated from these tissues, five pyrimidine-derived and six purine-derived modified DNA bases were identified and quantitated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring. These were 5-hydroxy-5-methylhydantoin, 5-hydroxyhydantoin, 5-(hydroxymethyl)uracil, 5-hydroxycytosine, 5,6-dihydroxycytosine, 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine, 8-hydroxyadenine, xanthine, 2-hydroxyadenine, 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine, and 8-hydroxyguanine. These compounds are known to be formed typically by hydroxyl radical attack on DNA bases. In all cases, elevated amounts over control levels of modified DNA bases were found in cancerous tissues. The amounts of modified bases depended on the tissue type. Lung tissues removed from smokers had the highest increases of modified bases above the control levels, and the highest overall amounts. Colon cancer tissue samples had the lowest increases of modified bases over the control levels. The results clearly indicate higher steady-state levels of modified DNA bases in cancerous tissues than in their cancer-free surrounding tissues. Some of these lesions are known to be promutagenic, although others have not been investigated for their mutagenicity. Identified DNA lesions may play a causative role in carcinogenesis. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. MED SCH BYDGOSZCZ,DEPT CLIN BIOCHEM,PL-85094 BYDGOSZCZ,POLAND. MED SCH BYDGOSZCZ,DEPT SURG,PL-85094 BYDGOSZCZ,POLAND. RI Olinski, Ryszard/E-9607-2014 NR 55 TC 223 Z9 225 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD SEP 7 PY 1992 VL 309 IS 2 BP 193 EP 198 DI 10.1016/0014-5793(92)81093-2 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA JL743 UT WOS:A1992JL74300020 PM 1324197 ER PT J AU DAVIDSON, ER ELSTON, HJ PARMENTER, CS AF DAVIDSON, ER ELSTON, HJ PARMENTER, CS TI HARMONIC MODE SCRAMBLING IN PARA-DIFLUOROBENZENE SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTRAMOLECULAR VIBRATIONAL REDISTRIBUTION; STATE POTENTIAL SURFACE; P-DIFLUOROBENZENE; PLANAR VIBRATIONS; MOLECULAR-MODELS; SPECTRA; COLLISION; ARGON; VAPOR; BEAM AB Comparison of the S1-S0 vibronic spectroscopy of p-difluorobenzene-d4 (C6D4F2, pDFB-d4) with that of pDFB-h4 reveals prominent vibrational bands in the heavy molecule that are absent in the light. The bands involve a totally symmetric mode that is active only in the heavy molecule spectrum. The semi-empirical program MOPAC has been used to explore two possible mechanisms by which the isotopic substitution could have induced the additional vibrational activity. These calculations predict that there is substantial harmonic mode scrambling in pDFB-d4 involving the modes needed to account for the observed additional vibrational activity in the pDFB-d4 spectrum. Duschinsky mixing is predicted lo have little effect. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302. INDIANA UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405. RI Davidson, Ernest/K-9709-2015 OI Davidson, Ernest/0000-0002-3096-480X NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 4 PY 1992 VL 197 IS 1-2 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1016/0009-2614(92)86033-E PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA JL855 UT WOS:A1992JL85500023 ER PT J AU RAMASWAMY, V AF RAMASWAMY, V TI GLACIATION - EXPLOSIVE START TO LAST ICE-AGE SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material RP RAMASWAMY, V (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 3 PY 1992 VL 359 IS 6390 BP 14 EP 14 DI 10.1038/359014a0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JL662 UT WOS:A1992JL66200024 ER PT J AU GRANT, RF BALDOCCHI, DD AF GRANT, RF BALDOCCHI, DD TI ENERGY-TRANSFER OVER CROP CANOPIES - SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL-VERIFICATION SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER; MAIZE; MODEL; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TRANSPIRATION; TEMPERATURE; RESISTANCE; PLANTS; LEAVES; GROWTH AB The exchange of energy between the atmosphere and the surfaces of crops and soils stabilizes the thermal regimes at these surfaces, allowing sustained biological activity to occur. In this study, a simple Eulerian submodel of energy exchange was constructed from published algorithms in order to reproduce the dynamics of water and energy exchange between the soil-crop surface and the atmosphere as part of a larger agroecosystem model. Hourly output from the submodel was compared with data recorded over a soybean (Glycine max. L. Merr.) canopy at Mead, Nebraska on two dates during which soil water status differed. Recorded diurnal trends of leaf water potential and leaf stomatal resistance were reproduced in simulated diurnal trends of canopy water potential and canopy stomatal resistance on both dates. Under water stress, simulated canopy water potential was 0.1-0.2 MPa higher, and simulated canopy stomatal resistance approximately 25% lower, than recorded leaf values. Simulated fluxes of net radiative energy, and of latent, sensible, and soil heat were within 50 W m-2 of recorded values. Differences between simulated canopy and recorded air temperatures were consistent with those calculated at other sites under comparable atmospheric conditions. Inclusion of these algorithms in the agroecosystem model allowed a more comprehensive validation of the simulated transport of water and energy through the agroecosystem than would otherwise be possible. C1 NOAA,DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP GRANT, RF (reprint author), UNIV ALBERTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,EDMONTON T6G 2E3,ALBERTA,CANADA. RI Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; OI Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Grant, Robert/0000-0002-8890-6231 NR 38 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 61 IS 1-2 BP 129 EP 149 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(92)90029-4 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JQ933 UT WOS:A1992JQ93300009 ER PT J AU TURK, GC AF TURK, GC TI IMAGING THE ACTIVE FLAME VOLUME FOR PULSED LASER-ENHANCED IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SPECTROMETRY; SIGNAL AB A technique has been developed which can determine where within a flame laser-enhanced ionization (LEI) actually takes place, thus forming an image of the LEI active volume. The method is based upon spatial control of the flame volume sampled by the ionization detection electrodes by variation of the applied voltage. As an example, this procedure has been used to observe anomalous contributions to LEI caused by scattering or fluorescence from the laser beam to other regions in the flame. RP TURK, GC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 64 IS 17 BP 1836 EP 1839 DI 10.1021/ac00041a017 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JK796 UT WOS:A1992JK79600018 ER PT J AU DRAKE, SA SIMON, T LINSKY, JL AF DRAKE, SA SIMON, T LINSKY, JL TI RADIO-CONTINUUM AND X-RAY-PROPERTIES OF THE CORONAE OF RS CANUM-VENATICORUM AND RELATED ACTIVE BINARY-SYSTEMS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE BINARIES, CLOSE; RADIO CONTINUUM, STARS; STARS, CORONAE; STARS, INDIVIDUAL (RS CANUM-VENATICORUM); X-RAYS, STARS ID SOLAR-FLARES; ASTRONOMICAL DATA; CVN BINARIES; STARS; EMISSION; POLARIZATION; CATALOG; REGION; SUN AB We present some new radio continuum and X-ray data on the coronae of RS CVn and related active binary systems which complement those included in the previous Drake, Simon, and Linsky study of the radio emission properties of these stars. The bulk of these new radio data consists of 6 cm circular polarization measurements of 28 binaries for which we can set significant constraints (less than or similar 25%) on this quantity. Seven sources showed definite circular polarization at levels from 2% to 13%, and two others showed possible circular polarization. We also present 2 cm flux density and circular polarization measurements for 29 Dra, lambda-And, and sigma-Gem on dates for which we also have 6 cm observations. The 2 to 6 cm spectral indices for these sources range from +0.62 (lambda-And during a radio flare) to -0.5 (sigma-Gem at a low flux density level). We present new optical positions of 1" accuracy from the Hubble Space Telescope Guide Star Catalog for 8 RS CVn systems which previously had very inaccurate positional information. Comparison of these optical positions with our previously reported radio observations of these stars confirms the claimed detections of UX Com, VV Mon, and UZ Lib, disproves the possible detection of SS Boo, and transforms the nondetections of WY Cnc and PW Her into definite detections of 0.46 +/- 0.05 and 0.78 +/- 0.05 mJy, respectively. The X-ray data presented here are based on a search of the Einstein IPC Slew Catalog at the positions of 190 RS CVn and related active binary systems. We have found 49 X-ray sources at the 190 positions examined (a 26% success rate) in the IPC Slew Catalog, of which 12 appear to be new IPC sources. We have used these new X-ray data, together with those previously reported in Drake, Simon, and Linsky, to reexamine the correlations between X-ray emission and radio emission, and between X-ray emission and other stellar parameters, and find no major changes in those earlier results. Finally, in the light of the radio and X-ray emission properties of RS CVn binaries described herein, we reexamine the various proposed theoretical explanations for the emission mechanisms in these two wavelength regions. C1 UNIV HAWAII, INST ASTRON, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA. UNIV COLORADO, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80302 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV QUANTUM PHYS, GAITHERSBURG, MD USA. RP NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, ARCHIVE RES CTR, CODE 668, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. NR 42 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 82 IS 1 BP 311 EP 321 DI 10.1086/191717 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA JK809 UT WOS:A1992JK80900009 ER PT J AU DONELAN, M SKAFEL, M GRABER, H LIU, P SCHWAB, D VENKATESH, S AF DONELAN, M SKAFEL, M GRABER, H LIU, P SCHWAB, D VENKATESH, S TI ON THE GROWTH-RATE OF WIND-GENERATED WAVES SO ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN LA English DT Article ID DIRECTIONAL SPECTRA AB A new approach to fetch-limited wave studies is taken in this paper. Using data from five towers arranged along a line from the eastern shore of Lake St Clair, the differential growth between towers is explored as a function of local wave age. It is argued that this method avoids the usual fetch-limited pitfall of inhomogeneity over long fetches and, in particular, the changes in wind speed downfetch of an abrupt roughness change. It is found that the growth rate decreases uniformly downfetch as the waves approach full development. This differential method leads to a smooth transition from rapidly growing short fetch waves to the asymptotic invariant state of full development. When the variation in wind speed after an abrupt (land to water) roughness change is taken into account, the idea of a universal fetch-limited growth curve is called into question. C1 ENVIRONM CANADA,CANADA CTR INLAND WATERS,NATL WATER RES INST,BURLINGTON L7R 4A6,ONTARIO,CANADA. UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,MIAMI,FL 33149. NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LABS,ANN ARBOR,MI. ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM SERV,DOWNSVIEW,ON,CANADA. RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012 NR 31 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU CANADIAN METEOROLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHIC SOC PI OTTAWA PA 150 LOUIS PASTEUR PVT., STE 112, MCDONALD BUILDING, OTTAWA ON K1N 6N5, CANADA SN 0705-5900 J9 ATMOS OCEAN JI Atmos.-Ocean PD SEP PY 1992 VL 30 IS 3 BP 457 EP 478 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA MG397 UT WOS:A1992MG39700008 ER PT J AU YAN, LG SWANSON, P DICKHOFF, WW AF YAN, LG SWANSON, P DICKHOFF, WW TI A 2-RECEPTOR MODEL FOR SALMON GONADOTROPINS (GTH-I AND GTH-II) SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; HUMAN CHORIONIC-GONADOTROPIN; BULLFROG RANA-CATESBEIANA; 2 DISTINCT GONADOTROPINS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; GRANULOSA-CELLS; BINDING-SITES; DOMESTIC HEN; ONCORHYNCHUS-RHODURUS; OVARIAN FOLLICLES AB The possible existence of distinct receptors for salmon gonadotropins (GTH I and GTH II) and the distribution of the receptor(s) were studied through examination of the binding of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kistuch) GTH I and GTH II to membranes from thecal layers and granulosa cells of salmon ovaries. Purified coho salmon gonadotropins were iodinated by the lactoperoxidase method. Crude membrane preparations were obtained from thecal layers, granulosa cells, and whole ovaries of coho salmon in the postvitellogenic/preovulatory phase. Binding of I-125-GTH I to membranes from thecal layers, granulosa cells, and whole ovaries, and binding of I-125-GTH II to thecal layer cell membranes could be inhibited by both GTHs, but GTH I was more potent than GTH II. In contrast, GTH II was more potent than GTH I in inhibiting I-125-GTH II binding to membranes from granulosa cells and whole ovaries, but the inhibition curves were not parallel. Scatchard plot analysis suggested that there was a single type of receptor in the thecal layers for both GTHs, whereas in the granulosa cells there was more than one type of receptor for both GTHs. Based on these results, a two-receptor model for the postvitellogenic/preovulatory salmon ovary is proposed with the following features: 1) there are two types of gonadotropin receptors in the salmon ovary, type I and type II; 2) the type I receptor binds both GTHs, but with higher affinity for GTH I, whereas the type II receptor is highly specific for GTH II and may have only limited interaction with GTH I; and 3) the type I receptor is present in both thecal cells and granulosa cells, whereas the type II receptor is present in granulosa cells. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E,SEATTLE,WA 98112. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH FISHERIES HF15,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NR 52 TC 74 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 47 IS 3 BP 418 EP 427 DI 10.1095/biolreprod47.3.418 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA JK037 UT WOS:A1992JK03700014 PM 1511095 ER PT J AU BUCKLAND, ST TURNOCK, BJ AF BUCKLAND, ST TURNOCK, BJ TI A ROBUST LINE TRANSECT METHOD SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Note DE ANIMAL ABUNDANCE; LINE TRANSECT SAMPLING; SIGHTING SURVEYS ID DISTANCE MODELS AB Standard line transect estimation is not robust to departures from the assumptions that animals do not move in response to the observer before detection and that all animals on or near the trackline are detected. We propose field methodology and analysis methods for which estimates are robust to the first assumption and do not require the second. The approach is applicable only to surveys in which two observation platforms are available, such that conventional line transect field methods, with effort concentrated close to the observer, are carried out from one, and a wider area is scanned from the second, possibly with low probability of detection. An example is a ship or terrestrial line transect survey together with a helicopter searching a wider area ahead of the observer. In the case of ship surveys, both observation platforms might be on the same vessel; observers might scan with hand-held binoculars or the naked eye on the first platform, and an observer with powerful tripod-mounted binoculars, screened from the view of the other observers, might search from the second. C1 ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP BUCKLAND, ST (reprint author), MLURI,SCOTTISH AGR STAT SERV,ENVIRONM MODELLING UNIT,ABERDEEN AB9 2QJ,SCOTLAND. RI Buckland, Stephen/A-1998-2012 NR 12 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 18 PU INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 808 17TH ST NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3910 SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD SEP PY 1992 VL 48 IS 3 BP 901 EP 909 DI 10.2307/2532356 PG 9 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA JN584 UT WOS:A1992JN58400023 ER PT J AU BRAWLEY, SH JOHNSON, LE AF BRAWLEY, SH JOHNSON, LE TI GAMETOGENESIS, GAMETES AND ZYGOTES - AN ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN THE ALGAE SO BRITISH PHYCOLOGICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STILOPHORA-RHIZODES PHAEOPHYCEAE; ZONARIA-ANGUSTATA DICTYOTALES; LIFE-HISTORY; RED ALGA; LAMINARIA-SACCHARINA; MACROCYSTIS-PYRIFERA; GIANT-KELP; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONTROL; SARGASSUM-MUTICUM; CYST FORMATION C1 NOAA, GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA. RP UNIV MAINE, DEPT PLANT BIOL, ORONO, ME 04469 USA. NR 144 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0007-1617 J9 BRIT PHYCOL J PD SEP PY 1992 VL 27 IS 3 BP 233 EP 252 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JW013 UT WOS:A1992JW01300003 ER PT J AU KEY, PB SCOTT, GI AF KEY, PB SCOTT, GI TI ACUTE TOXICITY OF THE MOSQUITO LARVICIDE, BACILLUS-SPHAERICUS, TO THE GRASS SHRIMP, PALAEMONETES-PUGIO, AND MUMMICHOG, FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LARVAE; AGENT C1 UNIV S CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. RP KEY, PB (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,CHARLESTON LAB,POB 12607,CHARLESTON,SC 29422, USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 49 IS 3 BP 425 EP 430 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA JE872 UT WOS:A1992JE87200015 PM 1498480 ER PT J AU LEWIS, JM AF LEWIS, JM TI ROSSBY,CARL GUSTAV - A STUDY IN MENTORSHIP SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Item About an Individual AB Meteorologist Carl-Gustaf Rossby is examined as a mentor. In order to evaluate him, the mentor-protege concept is discussed with the benefit of existing literature on the subject and key examples from the recent history of science. In addition to standard source material, oral histories and letters of reminiscence from approximately 25 former students and associates have been used. The study indicates that Rossby expected an unusually high degree of independence on the part of his proteges, but that he was exceptional in his ability to engage the proteges on an intellectual basis-to scientifically excite them on issues of importance to him. Once they were entrained, however, Rossby was not inclined to follow their work closely. He surrounded himself with a cadre of exceptional teachers who complemented his own heuristic style, and he further used his influence to establish a steady stream of first-rate visitors to the institutes. In this environment that bristled with ideas and discourse, the proteges thrived. A list of Rossby's proteges and the titles of their doctoral dissertations are also included. RP LEWIS, JM (reprint author), NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 73 IS 9 BP 1425 EP 1438 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1992)073<1425:CGRASI>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JP537 UT WOS:A1992JP53700005 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, BE DOSWELL, CA AF SCHWARTZ, BE DOSWELL, CA TI NORTH-AMERICAN RAWINSONDE OBSERVATIONS - PROBLEMS, CONCERNS, AND A CALL TO ACTION - REPLY SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Letter C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069. RP SCHWARTZ, BE (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,FORECAST SYST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Doswell III, Charles/E-7662-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 73 IS 9 BP 1457 EP 1457 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JP537 UT WOS:A1992JP53700011 ER PT J AU KAFAFI, SA SAID, HK MAHMOUD, MI AFEEFY, HY AF KAFAFI, SA SAID, HK MAHMOUD, MI AFEEFY, HY TI THE ELECTRONIC AND THERMODYNAMIC ASPECTS OF AH RECEPTOR-BINDING - A NEW STRUCTURE ACTIVITY MODEL .1. THE POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE TOXICITY; TCDD; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; MECHANISM; BIPHENYLS; PCDDS; PCDFS AB A new quantitative structure - activity model for the aromatic hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor, which completely eliminates multiple regression analysis in its formulation, is reported. Taking the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) as model xenobiotics, the binding affinity of a PCDD relative to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was found to be analytically related to the electron affinities, entropies and lipophilicities of PCDD and TCDD. The reported mathematical model is capable of qualitatively explaining and quantitatively estimating the in vitro binding affinities of PCDDs and related xenobiotics to the Ah receptor. Accordingly, a halogenated aromatic compound is expected to have a high affinity for the cytosolic protein compared to TCDD if it is less lipophilic, has a higher electron affinity and lower entropy than TCDD. In addition, the LD50s of PCDDs in selected mammalian species are shown to have similar sigmoidal dependence on their lipophilicities, electron affinities and entropies, in agreement with the hypothesis that the toxicities of PCDDs and related xenobiotics are mediated through binding to the Ah receptor and that the trend in the LD50s and other toxic responses of PCDDs in animals are similar. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP KAFAFI, SA (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,615 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES03819] NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD SEP PY 1992 VL 13 IS 9 BP 1599 EP 1605 DI 10.1093/carcin/13.9.1599 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA JP547 UT WOS:A1992JP54700018 PM 1327571 ER PT J AU TAKAGI, S CHOW, LC SIECK, BA AF TAKAGI, S CHOW, LC SIECK, BA TI DEPOSITION OF LOOSELY BOUND AND FIRMLY BOUND FLUORIDES ON TOOTH ENAMEL BY AN ACIDIC GEL CONTAINING FLUOROSILICATE AND MONOCALCIUM PHOSPHATE MONOHYDRATE SO CARIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CALCIUM FLUORIDE; DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE; ENAMEL; MONOCALCIUM PHOSPHATE MONOHYDRATE; SODIUM HEXAFLUOROSILICATE; TOPICAL FLUORIDE APPLICATION ID LESION FORMATION; CARIES; DEMINERALIZATION; INVITRO; CALCIUM; PH AB The amounts of loosely bound fluoride (F) deposited on human enamel by 4-min and 2-hour treatments with either acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) or a monocalcium phosphate monohydrate and sodium hexafluorosilicate (MCPM-SHFS)-containing gel were measured with the use of a constant-composition F washing method. Enamel biopsies conducted before treatment and after washing were used to determine the firmly bound F uptake. The results showed that the MCPM-SHFS treatments produced significantly more loosely bound F than did the APF treatments. The 4-min treatment with either APF or MCPM-SHFS did not produce significant firmly bound F deposition, but the 2-hour treatments did, with that produced by MCPM-SHFS being significantly greater. The MCPM-SHFS gel, which had the same F content as APF and which may be applied to the proximal tooth surfaces in vivo without the use of a tray, has the potential to be more efficacious than APF because it deposits greater amounts of both loosely bound and firmly bound F. RP TAKAGI, S (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE05354] NR 26 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0008-6568 J9 CARIES RES JI Caries Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 26 IS 5 BP 321 EP 327 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA KB414 UT WOS:A1992KB41400001 PM 1468094 ER PT J AU BENTZ, DP STUTZMAN, PE GARBOCZI, EJ AF BENTZ, DP STUTZMAN, PE GARBOCZI, EJ TI EXPERIMENTAL AND SIMULATION STUDIES OF THE INTERFACIAL ZONE IN CONCRETE SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CEMENT; SILICA AB Since concrete is a composite material, the interfaces between components can be expected to have major effects on physical properties. In ordinary portland cement concrete, the interfacial zone between cement paste and aggregate has been shown to exhibit characteristics greatly differing from those of the bulk paste. The addition of mineral admixtures to the mix has been shown to significantly alter this interfacial zone microstructure and enhance physical properties of the composite. In this paper, a direct comparison is made between results obtained using a three-dimensional microstructural model and those obtained experimentally on a similar set of mixes containing various amounts of silica fume. Quantitative measurements of backscattered electron images of the interfacial zone in the real materials are compared to model results. The model reproduces the experimentally-observed characteristics of the interfacial zone, which are quite different with and without the presence of silica fume. Based on the model and experimental results, it is suggested that the presence of silica fume produces a more homogeneous microstructure by balancing the Ca/Si molar ratio in the interfacial zone relative to that in the bulk paste, unlike ordinary portland cement concrete where this ratio increases dramatically as the aggregate surface is approached. RP BENTZ, DP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,BLDG 226,ROOM B-348,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 22 TC 47 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0008-8846 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 22 IS 5 BP 891 EP 902 DI 10.1016/0008-8846(92)90113-A PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA JL512 UT WOS:A1992JL51200019 ER PT J AU JWO, JS LAKSHMIVARAHAN, S DHALL, SK LEWIS, JM AF JWO, JS LAKSHMIVARAHAN, S DHALL, SK LEWIS, JM TI COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE OF 3 PARALLEL VERSIONS OF THE BLOCK CYCLIC REDUCTION ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING LINEAR ELLIPTIC PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID POISSONS-EQUATION; SYSTEMS AB This paper provides an experimental comparison of three versions of the block cyclic reduction (BCR) algorithm based on (a) polynomial factorization, (b) partial fraction expanaion, and (c) rational approximations. Each of these versions is implemented using (a) the vector-oriented LU decomposition method, and (b) the scalar cyclic reduction method. It is found that BCR using the scalar cydic reduction performs better than that using the vector-oriented LU decomposition. All our timings are based on the Alliant FX/8 at Argonne National Laboratory. C1 NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069. RP JWO, JS (reprint author), UNIV OKLAHOMA,SCH ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI,INST PARALLEL PROC,NORMAN,OK 73019, USA. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 24 IS 5-6 BP 83 EP 101 DI 10.1016/0898-1221(92)90043-H PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA JF269 UT WOS:A1992JF26900008 ER PT J AU LONGWELL, AC CHANG, S HEBERT, A HUGHES, JB PERRY, D AF LONGWELL, AC CHANG, S HEBERT, A HUGHES, JB PERRY, D TI POLLUTION AND DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES OF ATLANTIC FISHES SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE ICHTHYOPLANKTON; REPRODUCTION; CYTOLOGY; CYTOGENETICS; EMBRYOS; EGGS; LARVAE ID FLOUNDER PLATICHTHYS-STELLATUS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD ERYTHROCYTES; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; ETHYL METHANESULFONATE; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; EASTERN MUDMINNOW; WINTER FLOUNDER; UMBRA-PYGMAEA; GERM-CELLS AB Planktonic 'eggs' of Atlantic mackerel, Scomber scombrus, provide evidence that pollution is associated with mortality, malformation, and abnormal chromosome division of fish embryos developing about the surface of the U.S. Atlantic coast. Embryo data are substantiated by the finding that adults of mackerel, window-pane flounder, Scophthalmus acquosus, and winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, from more polluted coastal areas also have higher frequencies of mitotic abnormality than those from less polluted regions of the Mid- and North Atlantic. No ontogenetic interval escapes contamination. All are likely to be adversely influenced, resulting in considerable direct and indirect cumulative effect on total early-life survival. Development of genetic and epigenetic resistance to reproductively harmful influences of contaminants may interfere with other modifications in structure and function necessitated by natural environmental fluctuations, changes in climate, and by fishing itself. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES CTR,SANDY HOOK LAB,HIGHLANDS,NJ 07732. RP LONGWELL, AC (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES CTR,MILFORD LAB,MILFORD,CT 06460, USA. NR 86 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD SEP PY 1992 VL 35 IS 1 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1007/BF00001152 PG 21 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JJ275 UT WOS:A1992JJ27500001 ER PT J AU OLLA, BL DAVIS, MW AF OLLA, BL DAVIS, MW TI PHOTOTACTIC RESPONSES OF UNFED WALLEYE POLLOCK, THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA LARVAE - COMPARISONS WITH OTHER MEASURES OF CONDITION SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Note DE BEHAVIOR; BIOASSAY; LIGHT; STARVATION; SWIMMING; SURVIVAL ID MARINE FISH LARVAE; JACK MACKEREL; STARVATION; MORTALITY; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH AB The capability of unfed walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, larvae to swim horizontally towards light was used as a sensitive, sublethal measure of larval condition. At 9-degrees-C, positive phototaxis and swimming ability of larvae was fully developed by 4-6 d after hatching, then decreased steadily until death by 12 d after hatching. This measure of larval condition corresponded closely with previously established benchmarks of larval condition, including first feeding, yolksac absorption, point of no return and death by starvation. The presence and timing of behavioral deficits associated with starvation, such as decreased ability to swim, feed and avoid predators, may have significant effects on the ability of larvae to vertically migrate, avoid predators and find and capture food. RP OLLA, BL (reprint author), ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NEWPORT,OR 97365, USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD SEP PY 1992 VL 35 IS 1 BP 105 EP 108 DI 10.1007/BF00001164 PG 4 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JJ275 UT WOS:A1992JJ27500013 ER PT J AU PEREIRA, JJ ZISKOWSKI, J MERCALDOALLEN, R KUROPAT, C LUEDKE, D GOULD, E AF PEREIRA, JJ ZISKOWSKI, J MERCALDOALLEN, R KUROPAT, C LUEDKE, D GOULD, E TI VITELLOGENIN IN WINTER FLOUNDER (PLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS) FROM LONG-ISLAND SOUND AND BOSTON HARBOR SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; PUGET-SOUND; PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; OOCYTE DEVELOPMENT; SUBLETHAL CYANIDE; HEPATIC-LESIONS; WEAK BASES AB Vitellogenin is an egg-yolk precursor protein in teleosts which is crucial to the survival of larvae. Manufactured in the liver, where pollutants are known to accumulate, and transported to the ovary by the blood, its synthesis by the liver or uptake by the gonad can be compromised by accumulation of xenobiotics. In three studies, winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) blood samples were taken to determine normal levels of vitellogenin during the reproductive cycle, and to learn how its production might be affected in degraded environments. Specifically, these studies followed the seasonal cycle of vitellogenin production in winter flounder through monthly sampling at relatively clean (Shoreham, New York) and degraded areas (Black Rock and New Haven harbors, Connecticut) in Long Island Sound; examined the relationship between parental vitellogenin levels and survival of offspring by sampling fish that had been spawned at the Milford Laboratory for a. reproductive success study; and determined the effect of gross liver lesions on vitellogenin production by sampling flounder from Boston Harbor, Massachusetts, which have been reported to have a high prevalence of liver tumors. Blood vitellogenin levels were determined by measuring alkali-labile phosphate (ALP). Large fish (>30 cm) from the two degraded sites had elevated serum ALP levels relative to those from the clean area. Lowered total ovarian lipid levels in large fish from Black Rock Harbor suggested impaired vitellogenin uptake. There were no significant differences in serum ALP among the small (less-than-or-equal-to 30 cm) fish from the three sampling sites. Boston Harbor flounder with gross liver lesions had lower ALP values than fish without such lesions. There were no significant differences in ALP values among the spawned fish. RP PEREIRA, JJ (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,MILFORD LAB,212 ROGERS AVE,MILFORD,CT 06460, USA. NR 43 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD SEP PY 1992 VL 15 IS 3 BP 289 EP 297 DI 10.2307/1352777 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JM794 UT WOS:A1992JM79400004 ER PT J AU RONA, PA BOUGAULT, H CHARLOU, JL APPRIOU, P NELSEN, TA TREFRY, JH EBERHART, GL BARONE, A NEEDHAM, HD AF RONA, PA BOUGAULT, H CHARLOU, JL APPRIOU, P NELSEN, TA TREFRY, JH EBERHART, GL BARONE, A NEEDHAM, HD TI HYDROTHERMAL CIRCULATION, SERPENTINIZATION, AND DEGASSING AT A RIFT-VALLEY FRACTURE-ZONE INTERSECTION - MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE NEAR 15-DEGREES-N, 45-DEGREES-W SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY; PLUMES AB A hydrothermal system characterized by high ratios of methane to both manganese and suspended particulate matter was detected in seawater sampled at the eastern intersection of the rift valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge with the Fifteen-Twenty Fracture Zone. This finding contrasts with low ratios in black smoker-type hydrothermal systems that occur within spreading segments. Near-bottom water sampling coordinated with SeaBeam bathymetry and camera-temperature tows detected the highest concentrations of methane at fault zones in rocks with the appearance of altered ultramafic units in a large dome that forms part of the inside corner high at the intersection. The distinct chemical signatures of the two types of hydrothermal systems are inferred to be controlled by different circulation pathways related to reaction of seawater primarily with ultramafic rocks at intersections of spreading segments with fracture zones but with mafic rocks within spreading segments. C1 IFREMER, BREST, FRANCE. UNIV WESTERN BRITTANY, BREST, FRANCE. FLORIDA INST TECHNOL, MELBOURNE, FL 32901 USA. COLUMBIA UNIV, LAMONT DOHERTY GEOL OBSERV, PALISADES, NY 10964 USA. RP NOAA, ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA. RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 12 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD SEP PY 1992 VL 20 IS 9 BP 783 EP 786 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0783:HCSADA>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA JP132 UT WOS:A1992JP13200004 ER PT J AU WYSS, M HABERMANN, RE BODIN, P AF WYSS, M HABERMANN, RE BODIN, P TI SEISMIC QUIESCENCE - A TEST OF THE HYPOTHESIS AND A PRECURSOR TO THE NEXT PARKFIELD, CALIFORNIA, EARTHQUAKE SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE EARTHQUAKE; PARKFIELD; PRECURSOR; QUIESCENCE ID PREDICTION; MAGNITUDE; HAWAII; RATES AB The Parkfield segment of the San Andreas fault shows seismic quiescence for M > 2.0 earthquakes since early to mid-1986. The rate decreases by 45 to 70 per cent depending on the magnitude band. We interpret this change as real because it is concentrated in the larger magnitudes and cannot be explained by a reasonable magnitude shift. The rate decrease is present in the Parkfield segment of the fault between 35.6 and 36.1-degrees-N, and no other rate change as significant has been observed during the time when high quality data were available (since 1975). We interpret this observation as a seismic quiescence precursor to the next Parkfield mainshock. Although information on the expected duration of precursory quiescence is weak, we estimate that the Parkfield earthquake should occur in the interval 1990 February to 1992 February. Precursory seismic quiescence, which lasted approximately 1.5 yr, was found in, and possibly around, the source volume of an earthquake with M = 3.6 which occurred on 1986 August 29 in the Parkfield area. This observation demonstrates that the quiescence hypothesis is applicable to the Parkfield segment of the San Andreas fault. The false alarm rate was estimated in a detailed analysis as a function of alarm level for the fault segments surrounding the M = 5.0 Stone Canyon (1982 August) and M = 3.6 Parkfield (1986 August) mainshocks. For these two events, the duration and statistical significance of false alarms as a function of space, time and magnitude band was determined. We propose that in this tectonic environment, and with the data characteristics of these earthquake catalogues, attempts to predict mainshocks based on the quiescence hypothesis may be successful and generate one to two false alarms covering about 10 per cent of the time-space dimensions of the catalogue. C1 NATL GEOPHYS DATA CTR,NOAA,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOL,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP WYSS, M (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,INST GEOPHYS,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 110 IS 3 BP 518 EP 536 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1992.tb02089.x PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JL033 UT WOS:A1992JL03300008 ER PT J AU Hamilton, CA AF Hamilton, Clark A. TI Josephson Voltage Standard Based on Single-Flux-Quantum Voltage Multipliers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article AB A Josephson single-flux-quantum voltage / frequency multiplier circuit is proposed as the basic building block for a new generation of voltage standards. The circuit uses magnetic coupling to synchronize a series array of independent junction oscillators to the flux flow in a Josephson transmission line. A cascade of these circuits can multiply an arbitrarily low input frequency up to the frequency limit of the circuit (similar or equal to 250 GHz) and then add the voltages across approximately 30000 oscillators to generate precise voltages up to 10 V. Because the oscillators can be switched on and off with a bias current, the output voltage is rapidly programmable. A complete design for a voltage standard programmable in 1.2 mu V increments to a maximum of 10 V is proposed. Using existing fabrication technology, the circuit would cover a substrate area of about 1 cm(2) and use 67 210 junctions. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Hamilton, CA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 6 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 2 IS 3 BP 139 EP 142 DI 10.1109/77.160152 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V30OB UT WOS:000208824200004 ER PT J AU EGELHOFF, WF KIEF, MT AF EGELHOFF, WF KIEF, MT TI FE/CU/FE AND CO/CU/CO MULTILAYERS ON CU(111) - THE ABSENCE OF OSCILLATORY ANTIFERROMAGNETIC COUPLING SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1992 INTERNATIONAL MAGNETICS CONF ( INTERMAG 92 ) - MAGNETIC RECORDING HEADS : INDUCTIVE THIN FILM AND LAMINATED CY APR 13-16, 1992 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP ALLEGHENY LUDLUM, ALLIED SIGNAL, APPL MAGNET, BASF MAGNET, BOHLMAN TACHNET, CRUCIBLE MAGNET, EASTMAN KODAK, F G JONES ASSOC, FUJITSU, GEC ID ENHANCED MAGNETORESISTANCE; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; FE LAYERS; EXCHANGE; CR; SUPERLATTICES; MONOLAYERS; TRILAYERS; PERIOD AB We have used the magneto-optical Kerr effect to search for evidence of the oscillatory antiferromagnetic (AF) coupling associated with the recently discovered "Giant Magnetoresistance Effect" (GMR) in Fe/Cu/Fe and Co/Cu/Co multilayers. The GMR effect was reported in samples grown by magnetron sputtering methods on Si wafers. In our work the multilayers are grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) techniques on a Cu(111) single-crystal substrates. None of the resulting multilayers showed any evidence of the oscillatory AF coupling being sought. We have concluded that (111)-oriented crystallites in the sputtered multilayers make little if any contribution to the observed oscillatory AF coupling. However, oscillatory AF coupling does occur in MBE-grown multilayers on Cu(100), and its dependence on Cu thickness is remarkably similar to that of the sputter-deposited multilayers. This suggests that (100)-oriented grains in the sputter-deposited multilayers may be partly, or perhaps even largely, responsible for the AF coupling. Supporting this suggestion are preliminary x-ray diffraction pole-figure measurements we have made on three of the sputter-deposited multilayers which indicate that the tendency to (111) texture is not extremely strong, and that other crystalline grains are present. RP EGELHOFF, WF (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 37 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 28 IS 5 BP 2742 EP 2744 DI 10.1109/20.179614 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA JN877 UT WOS:A1992JN87700208 ER PT J AU KATTI, RR RICE, P WU, JC STADLER, HL AF KATTI, RR RICE, P WU, JC STADLER, HL TI DOMAIN IMAGING IN MAGNETIC GARNETS USING TUNNELING-STABILIZED MAGNETIC FORCE MICROSCOPY SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1992 INTERNATIONAL MAGNETICS CONF ( INTERMAG 92 ) - MAGNETIC RECORDING HEADS : INDUCTIVE THIN FILM AND LAMINATED CY APR 13-16, 1992 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP ALLEGHENY LUDLUM, ALLIED SIGNAL, APPL MAGNET, BASF MAGNET, BOHLMAN TACHNET, CRUCIBLE MAGNET, EASTMAN KODAK, F G JONES ASSOC, FUJITSU, GEC AB Magnetic domains in low-coercivity magnetic garnets have been imaged using tunneling-stabilized magnetic force microscopy (TSMFM). In TSMFM, a triangular, Au-coated, thin-film, Ni-spring tunneling tip flexes in response to the sample's fringing magnetic field as the tip is scanned across the Au-coated garnet sample. The magnetic garnet is an epitaxial YGdTmGa/YSmTmGa film, grown on a nonmagnetic Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG) substrate, with a zero-field stripe width of 2.2-mu-m. The Ni tip does not appear to disturb the garnet's domain structure despite the garnet's low coercivity, nor does the magnetization from the garnet appear to disturb the Ni tip. The shape and period of the contrast observed with TSMFM is consistent with magnetic domain patterns measured using ferrofluid decoration and magneto-optic Faraday effect imaging. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP KATTI, RR (reprint author), JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 28 IS 5 BP 2913 EP 2915 DI 10.1109/20.179670 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA JN877 UT WOS:A1992JN87700262 ER PT J AU CROSS, RW KOS, AB THOMPSON, CA PETERSEN, TW AF CROSS, RW KOS, AB THOMPSON, CA PETERSEN, TW TI LOCAL MAGNETORESISTIVE RESPONSE IN THIN-FILM NI-FE READ ELEMENTS - A SUB-MICROMETER-RESOLUTION MEASUREMENT SYSTEM SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1992 INTERNATIONAL MAGNETICS CONF ( INTERMAG 92 ) - MAGNETIC RECORDING HEADS : INDUCTIVE THIN FILM AND LAMINATED CY APR 13-16, 1992 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP ALLEGHENY LUDLUM, ALLIED SIGNAL, APPL MAGNET, BASF MAGNET, BOHLMAN TACHNET, CRUCIBLE MAGNET, EASTMAN KODAK, F G JONES ASSOC, FUJITSU, GEC AB Bulk and local magnetoresistive responses in Ni-Fe thin films were measured as a function of applied magnetic field and field angle. The measurements were made using a four-probe resistance measurement system, which consisted of two scanning micro-probes for voltage taps, each less than 1-mu-m in tip diameter. The scanning resolution of the micro-probes was 0.5-mu-m. The system was used to determine domain formation and motion in magnetoresistive read heads. Longitudinal fields, produced by demagnetizing or external field components, may cause domain formation and subsequent domain-wall motion (and annihilation). This leads to Barkhausen noise, which is detrimental to the performance of the device as a magnetic read head. Experimental results for both the bulk and local responses were in qualitative agreement with micromagnetic theory. C1 HEWLETT PACKARD CO,DEPT THIN FILM,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. RP CROSS, RW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 28 IS 5 BP 3060 EP 3065 DI 10.1109/20.179716 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA JN877 UT WOS:A1992JN87700308 ER PT J AU DEETER, MN WILLIAMS, PA AF DEETER, MN WILLIAMS, PA TI MAGNETOOPTIC CHARACTERIZATION OF IRON-GARNET CRYSTALS USING PHOTOELASTIC MODULATION SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1992 INTERNATIONAL MAGNETICS CONF ( INTERMAG 92 ) - MAGNETIC RECORDING HEADS : INDUCTIVE THIN FILM AND LAMINATED CY APR 13-16, 1992 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP ALLEGHENY LUDLUM, ALLIED SIGNAL, APPL MAGNET, BASF MAGNET, BOHLMAN TACHNET, CRUCIBLE MAGNET, EASTMAN KODAK, F G JONES ASSOC, FUJITSU, GEC ID FILMS; YIG AB Depolarization phenomena in demagnetized bulk iron garnet crystals are investigated with the aid of a photoelastic modulator. An experimental configuration which simultaneously measures Faraday rotation and depolarization as a function of applied magnetic field is described. The technique is demonstrated with samples of SF-57 glass, which exhibits no measurable depolarization, and bulk yttrium iron garnet, which shows pronounced depolarization in the demagnetized state. RP DEETER, MN (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Deeter, Merritt/O-6078-2016 OI Deeter, Merritt/0000-0002-3555-0518 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 28 IS 5 BP 3234 EP 3236 DI 10.1109/20.179769 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA JN877 UT WOS:A1992JN87700361 ER PT J AU HERLIHY, DR STEPKA, TN RULON, TD AF HERLIHY, DR STEPKA, TN RULON, TD TI FILTERING ERRONEOUS SOUNDINGS FROM MULTIBEAM SURVEY DATA SO INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC REVIEW LA English DT Article AB As part of its continuing efforts to improve data quality, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has recently implemented a "prefiltering" procedure designed to identify and remove erroneous or questionable soundings from multibeam sonar data collected in support of the United States Exclusive Economic Zone Bathymetric Mapping Programme. Since the start of the 1991 field season, a simple, yet effective, prefiltering algorithm has been incorporated into the standard post-processing software used aboard NOAA ships equipped with MicroVAX-based survey systems. In addition, the prefiltering routine is also being utilized as part of NOAA's current effort to convert its archive of older PDP-11 multibeam surveys to standard full-resolution "beam" format. The sounding verification criteria employed by the prefiltering algorithm is discussed in detail and statistical results from the first season of its implementation are presented. RP HERLIHY, DR (reprint author), NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,COAST & GEODET SURVEY,PACIFIC HYDROOG SECT,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT HYDROGRAPHIC BUREAU PI MONTE CARLO PA AVE PRES J F KENNEDY, MONTE CARLO, MONACO SN 0020-6946 J9 INT HYDROGR REV JI Int. Hydrogr. Rev. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 69 IS 2 BP 67 EP 76 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Engineering; Oceanography; Water Resources GA JV823 UT WOS:A1992JV82300007 ER PT J AU FERGUSON, EE VANDOREN, JM VIGGIANO, AA MORRIS, RA PAULSON, JF STEWART, JD SUNDERLIN, LS ARMENTROUT, PB AF FERGUSON, EE VANDOREN, JM VIGGIANO, AA MORRIS, RA PAULSON, JF STEWART, JD SUNDERLIN, LS ARMENTROUT, PB TI INTERNAL AND TRANSLATIONAL ENERGY EFFECTS ON THE CHARGE-TRANSFER REACTION OF CO2+ WITH O2 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY AND ION PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE CHARGE TRANSFER; CO2+; ENERGY EFFECTS; GUIDED ION BEAM; VARIABLE-TEMPERATURE SELECTED-ION FLOW DRIFT TUBE ID ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; ROTATIONAL TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCES; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; RATE CONSTANTS; KINETIC-ENERGY; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS; NEUTRAL REACTIONS; AR+; NE+ AB We have investigated the reaction of CO2+ with O2 over a range of kinetic energies with a guided ion beam apparatus and over a range of temperatures and kinetic energies with a variable-temperature selected-ion flow drift tube. The rate constants decrease with increasing kinetic energy at low energy and increase at higher energy. Below about 10 eV, reaction proceeds by charge transfer only. Above 10 eV, O+ and CO+ product ions are observed in addition to the charge-transfer channel. At low energy, i.e. below 0.1 eV, the rate constants at a particular center-of-mass kinetic energy, [KE(cm)], do not depend on the temperature of the buffer gas. This indicates that energy in rotations and in the bending vibrational modes does not play a major role in determining reactivity. Above 0.1 eV, the rate constants at a particular [KE(cm)] do depend on temperature, such that the higher the buffer gas temperature the larger the rate constants. Analysis of the data suggests that the enhancement observed with temperature is primarily due to excitation of the CO2+ stretching vibrational modes. The analysis indicates that excitation of the CO2+ stretching modes increases the rate constant by approximately an order of magnitude. Excitation of bending vibrations may also enhance the efficiency of charge transfer above 0.2 eV. Translational energy causes a small increase in the charge-transfer rate constant above 0.3 eV. C1 USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,GEOPHYS DIRECTORATE,DIV IONOSPHER EFFECTS GRID,BEDFORD,MA 01731. NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV UTAH,DEPT CHEM,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112. NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1176 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Process. PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 117 IS 1-3 BP 261 EP 282 DI 10.1016/0168-1176(92)80098-L PG 22 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA JU838 UT WOS:A1992JU83800019 ER PT J AU KNUTSEN, K BIERBAUM, VM LEONE, SR AF KNUTSEN, K BIERBAUM, VM LEONE, SR TI THERMAL-ENERGY REACTIONS OF OH-+CL2,BR2 - RATE COEFFICIENTS, PRODUCT BRANCHING FRACTIONS AND OH PRODUCT VIBRATIONAL POPULATIONS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY AND ION PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE THERMAL ENERGY REACTIONS; KINETICS; MECHANISMS ID ION; PHOTODETACHMENT; CL2 AB The rate coefficients, branching fractions, and OH product vibrational distributions are measured in a flowing afterglow apparatus for the OH- + Cl2 and OH- + Br2 reactions at thermal energy. Both reactions proceed at the Langevin collision rate, with k = 1.33(+/-0.13) x 10(-9) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for OH- + Cl2 and k = 1.60(+/-0.16) x 10(-9) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for OH- + Br2. The branching fractions for OH- + Cl2 are 0.75(+/-0.10) Cl-2 + OH, 0.24(+/-0.10) Cl- + HOCl and a discernible less-than-or-equal-to 0.01 HOCl-+ Cl. For OH- + Br2, the branching fractions are 0.75(+/-0.10) Br2- + OH, 0.15(+/-0.05) Br- + HOBr and 0.10(+/-0.05) HOBr - + Br. The vibrational populations of the OH product from the charge transfer channel are measured by laser-induced fluorescence detection and found to be OH(v = 1)/OH(v = 0) = 0.01(+/-0.01) for both reactions. While the OH(v) states are consistent with a Franck-Condon mechanism, arguments for a long-lived intermediate complex are made on the basis of substantial branching fractions into Cl- + HOCl (Br- + HOBr) and HOCl- + Cl (HOBr- + Br) channels and the extreme difference in bond length for Cl2 and Cl2- (Br, and Br2-). C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1176 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Process. PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 117 IS 1-3 BP 537 EP 555 DI 10.1016/0168-1176(92)80112-E PG 19 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA JU838 UT WOS:A1992JU83800033 ER PT J AU GUNION, RF GILLES, MK POLAK, ML LINEBERGER, WC AF GUNION, RF GILLES, MK POLAK, ML LINEBERGER, WC TI ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY OF THE PHENIDE, BENZYL AND PHENOXIDE ANIONS, WITH ABINITIO CALCULATIONS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY AND ION PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE ABINITIO CALCULATIONS; BENZYL ANION; PHENIDE ANION; PHENOXIDE ANION; UV PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY ID GAS-PHASE ACIDITIES; BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGIES; RADICALS; STATES; PHOTODETACHMENT; ISOMERIZATION; EMISSION; SINGLET; ALKANES; SPECTRA AB The 351 nm photoelectron spectra of the phenide, benzyl and phenoxide anions are reported. Information obtained for phenyl radical includes an adiabatic electron affinity (EA) of 1.096(6) eV, two vibrational modes at 600(10) and 968(15) cm-1, and an excited electronic state at less-than-or-equal-to 1.7 eV. For benzyl, the radical EA is 0.912(6) eV, a vibration appears at 514(15) cm-1, and another is possibly present at 1510(25) cm-1. Phenoxyl radical has an EA of 2.253(6) eV, exhibits a vibration at 515(15) cm-1, and possibly another at 1490(25) cm-1. The first excited state of phenoxyl radical appears at 1.06(5) eV above the ground state. Ab initio calculations using GAUSSIAN 88 are used to elicit geometries, normal modes of the active vibrations, and help confirm the presence of various vibrations. Combining our results with previous measurements we find gas-phase acidities for benzene and toluene of 399(2) kcal mol-1 and 380.5(1.5) kcal mol-1 respectively, and a hydrogen bond dissociation energy for phenol of 86.5(2) kcal mol-1. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,DEPT CHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 41 TC 181 Z9 181 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1176 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Process. PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 117 IS 1-3 BP 601 EP 620 DI 10.1016/0168-1176(92)80115-H PG 20 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA JU838 UT WOS:A1992JU83800036 ER PT J AU GOODWIN, ARH DEFIBAUGH, DR WEBER, LA AF GOODWIN, ARH DEFIBAUGH, DR WEBER, LA TI THE VAPOR-PRESSURE OF 1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE (R134A) AND CHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE (R22) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE BURNETT APPARATUS; CHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE (R22); EBULLIOMETRY; REFRIGERANTS; 1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE (R134A); VAPOR PRESSURE ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; WATER; REFRIGERANTS; EQUATIONS; R-134A AB We measured the vapor pressure of chlorodifluoromethane (commonly known as R22) at temperatures between 217.1 and 248.5 K and of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (commonly known as R134a) in the temperature range 214.4 to 264.7 K using a comparative ebulliometer. For 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane at pressures between 220.8 and 1017.7 kPa (corresponding to temperatures in the range 265.6 to 313.2 K), additional measurements were made with a Burnett apparatus. We have combined our results for 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane with those already published from this laboratory at higher pressures to obtain a smoothing equation for the vapor pressure from 215 K to the critical temperature. For chlorodifluoromethane our results have been combined with certain published results to provide an equation for the vapor pressure at temperatures from 217 K to the critical temperature. RP GOODWIN, ARH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 62 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 13 IS 5 BP 837 EP 854 DI 10.1007/BF00503911 PG 18 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA JN028 UT WOS:A1992JN02800009 ER PT J AU DESLOUIS, C GIL, O TRIBOLLET, B VLACHOS, G ROBERTSON, B AF DESLOUIS, C GIL, O TRIBOLLET, B VLACHOS, G ROBERTSON, B TI OXYGEN AS A TRACER FOR MEASUREMENTS OF STEADY AND TURBULENT FLOWS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ROTATING-DISK ELECTRODE; ELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS; MASS-TRANSFER; IMPEDANCE AB The reduction of dissolved oxygen has been studied over a wide conductivity range for use in steady or nonsteady hydrodynamic measurements. Mass transfer fluctuations can be analysed statistically to obtain the power spectra of hydrodynamic fluctuations. This requires a consideration of the proton reduction, which prevents diffusion from limiting the current. The transfer function for deducing the hydrodynamic spectra from mass transfer spectra includes not only transport effects but also kinetic effects which account for the finite rate of the reaction. The experimental study was performed using electrohydrodynamic (EHD) impedance. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP DESLOUIS, C (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 06,CNRS,UPR PHYS LIQUIDES & ELECTROCHIM 15,4 PL JUSSIEU,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE. RI Tribollet, Bernard/M-3502-2014 NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0021-891X J9 J APPL ELECTROCHEM JI J. Appl. Electrochem. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 22 IS 9 BP 835 EP 842 DI 10.1007/BF01023727 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA JM530 UT WOS:A1992JM53000010 ER PT J AU GUDIKSEN, PH LEONE, JM KING, CW RUFFIEUX, D NEFF, WD AF GUDIKSEN, PH LEONE, JM KING, CW RUFFIEUX, D NEFF, WD TI MEASUREMENTS AND MODELING OF THE EFFECTS OF AMBIENT METEOROLOGY ON NOCTURNAL DRAINAGE FLOWS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER AB An experimental and modeling investigation of nocturnal drainage flows within the Mesa Creek valley in western Colorado revealed their wind and temperature characteristics and the effects of the ambient meteorology on their development. The valley, located about 30 km east of Grand Junction, is situated on the north slopes of the Grand Mesa. It is surrounded by ridges on three sides with low terrain toward the north. The terrain at the higher elevations is characterized by steep slopes that become shallower at the lower elevations. A network of seven meteorological towers and a monostatic sodar collected data within the study area from December 1988 through November 1989. Analysis of the experimental data indicated that shallow drainage flows generated over the many individual slopes at the higher elevations converge at the lower elevations to form deeper flows that join with those generated within adjacent drainage areas. The characteristics of the flows generally deviated from those displayed by idealized slope flows due to both internal circulations within the valley and external influences. During the summer, the depths of the flows were typically a few tens of meters along the upper slopes and about 100 m over the upper part of the lower slopes, while during the winter, the depths decreased to about 10 and 60 m, respectively. Their frequency of occurrence was highest during the summer or fall, about 50%, when the synoptic-scale influences were minimal. The flows along the upper slopes were particularly susceptible to influences by the ambient meteorology due to minimal terrain shielding. When the larger-scale ambient flows over the Grand Mesa were greater than about 5 m s-1, the surface cooling along the slopes was unable to develop and maintain the surface temperature inversion needed to generate strong drainage flows. The radiative cooling rates of the sloped surfaces, as characterized by net radiation measurements, were correlated with the downslope wind speeds observed along the upper slopes. Thus, a decrease in the observed net radiation level will produce a corresponding decrease in the downslope wind speed. Since temporal changes in net radiation levels are primarily governed by variations in atmospheric moisture, the effect of increased atmospheric moisture is to retard the development of the drainage flows. In order to place the observations in proper perspective, it was necessary to employ numerical models that account for the physical processes governing the dynamics of the flows. The general features of the wind and temperature characteristics of the valley circulations and the influence of strong ambient winds and atmospheric moisture on the drainage flows over the upper slopes could be accounted for by numerical modeling techniques based on solving the equations of momentum, continuity, and energy coupled with a surface energy budget and a radiation module. C1 NOAA,ERL,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP GUDIKSEN, PH (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. RI Neff, William/E-2725-2010 OI Neff, William/0000-0003-4047-7076 NR 14 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1023 EP 1032 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<1023:MAMOTE>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JK333 UT WOS:A1992JK33300001 ER PT J AU MANDEL, J AF MANDEL, J TI DATA-ANALYSIS WITH MINIMAL ASSUMPTIONS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ASSUMPTIONS; GRAPHICS; MODELS; VALIDATION OF MODEL AB The computer has made it possible to scrutinize data rapidly by means of graphics. This should be done prior to the application of any model to the data, since the model must be validated before using it as a means of analyzing the data. The procedure is illustrated in terms of two examples of real experimental data. RP MANDEL, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0886-9383 J9 J CHEMOMETR JI J. Chemometr. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 6 IS 5 BP 247 EP 255 DI 10.1002/cem.1180060504 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA JW857 UT WOS:A1992JW85700002 ER PT J AU CAHN, JW DASH, JG FU, HY AF CAHN, JW DASH, JG FU, HY TI THEORY OF ICE PREMELTING IN MONOSIZED POWDERS SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article ID TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; SURFACE; WATER AB The gradual freezing of water in inert porous media is considered to be a consequence of interfacial and grain boundary melting combined with curvature-induced depression of the melting point. The unfrozen fraction is calculated for monosized powders of spherical particles. It is found that the unfrozen fraction contains separate terms associated with interfacial and curvature melting, with distinctive dependencies on temperature and particle size. The calculated fraction is in excellent agreement with measurements on pure water in graphitized carbon black and polystyrene micron-sized spheres. The introduction of dissolved impurities adds a third term, with an intermediate functional dependence. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP CAHN, JW (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT PHYS,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 23 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD SEP PY 1992 VL 123 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1016/0022-0248(92)90014-A PG 8 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA JP483 UT WOS:A1992JP48300011 ER PT J AU SINGH, NB GOTTLIEB, M HENNINGSEN, T HOPKINS, RH MAZELSKY, R GLICKSMAN, ME CORIELL, SR SANTORO, GJ DUVAL, WMB AF SINGH, NB GOTTLIEB, M HENNINGSEN, T HOPKINS, RH MAZELSKY, R GLICKSMAN, ME CORIELL, SR SANTORO, GJ DUVAL, WMB TI GROWTH AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LEAD BROMIDE CRYSTALS SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article ID ELECTRO-OPTIC MATERIALS AB Lead(II) bromide was purified by a combination of directional freezing and zone-refining methods. Differential thermal analysis of the lead bromide showed that a destructive phase transformation occurs below the melting temperature. This transformation causes extensive cracking, making it very difficult to grow a large single crystal. Energy of phase transformation for pure lead bromide was determined to be 24.67 cal/g. To circumvent this limitation, crystals were doped by silver bromide which decreased the energy of phase transformation. The addition of silver helped in achieving the size, but enhanced the inhomogeneity in the crystal. The acoustic attenuation constant was almost identical for the pure and doped (below 3000 ppm) crystals. C1 RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,TROY,NY 12180. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. RP SINGH, NB (reprint author), WESTINGHOUSE ELECT CORP,CTR SCI & TECHNOL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15235, USA. OI Glicksman, Martin/0000-0002-2675-2759 NR 6 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD SEP PY 1992 VL 123 IS 1-2 BP 221 EP 226 DI 10.1016/0022-0248(92)90027-G PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA JP483 UT WOS:A1992JP48300024 ER EF