FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Bushby, ST Galler, MA Ferretti, NM Park, C AF Bushby, Steven T. Galler, Michael A. Ferretti, Natascha Milesi Park, Cheol GP ASHRAE TI The Virtual Cybernetic Building Testbed-A Building Emulator SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2010, VOL 116, PT 1 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASHRAE Winter Conference CY JAN 23-27, 2010 CL Orlando, FL AB Building emulators couple computer simulations to real control hardware, creating a useful tool for studying building control system performance. The National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST's) Virtual Cybernetic Building Testbed (VCBT) is a whole building emulator designed to support research in a variety of topics linked to the concept of a "cybernetic building", where numerous building control systems are integrated together and with outside entities such as utility providers. The design and use of the VCBT is described in the context of specific research projects involving building system commissioning, automated fault detection and diagnostics. C1 [Bushby, Steven T.; Galler, Michael A.; Ferretti, Natascha Milesi; Park, Cheol] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mech Syst & Controls Grp, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bushby, ST (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mech Syst & Controls Grp, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2010 VL 116 BP 37 EP 44 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BTQ48 UT WOS:000287777000006 ER PT S AU Treado, SJ Holmberg, D AF Treado, Stephen J. Holmberg, David GP ASHRAE TI Energy Systems Management and Greenhouse Gas Reduction SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2010, VOL 116, PT 1 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASHRAE Winter Conference CY JAN 23-27, 2010 CL Orlando, FL AB The efficient use of energy reduces both energy costs and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and the mix of energy sources can also affect GHG emissions. In the United States, the building sector comprises about one third of GHG emissions [1], presenting an attractive opportunity for utilizing advanced design, operation and control strategies to minimize energy consumption and emissions while optimizing overall system performance through the implementation of cogeneration, heat recovery, adaptive controls and other advanced techniques. This paper presents an approach for controlling GHG emissions and energy consumption through improved communication between energy consumers and suppliers, and advanced energy management systems. A specific example involving cogeneration is detailed to demonstrate the concept. C1 [Treado, Stephen J.; Holmberg, David] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Treado, SJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2010 VL 116 BP 358 EP 364 PN 1 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BTQ48 UT WOS:000287777000039 ER PT B AU Proctor, F Fukuda, S AF Proctor, Fred Fukuda, Shuichi GP ASME TI 29TH COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (CIE) SO ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Computers & Info Engn Div C1 [Proctor, Fred] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Proctor, F (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4899-9 PY 2010 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BSU94 UT WOS:000285850200001 ER PT B AU Michaloski, J Lee, B Venkatesh, S Ly, S Proctor, F AF Michaloski, John Lee, Byeongeon Venkatesh, Sid Ly, Sidney Proctor, Frederick GP ASME TI QUANTIFYING THE PERFORMANCE OF MT-CONNECT IN A DISTRIBUTED MANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENT SO ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Computers & Info Engn Div AB Recently, MTConnect has been developed as an open and free communications standard to facilitate the exchange of data on the manufacturing floor for machine tools and related devices This paper will briefly describe MTC, and look at quality of service issues investigated by implementing a modest MTConnect testbed in a "Dual-Ethernet" machine tool network configuration MTConnect is expected to address the continuing pressure to reduce costs and improve time to market places in the CNC manufacturing world It can facilitate smarter ways of manufacturing and intensifies the need to integrate feedback from the shop floor into the enterprise business systems C1 [Michaloski, John; Lee, Byeongeon; Proctor, Frederick] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Michaloski, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4899-9 PY 2010 BP 533 EP 539 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BSU94 UT WOS:000285850200060 ER PT J AU Bjorndal, KA Bowen, BW Chaloupka, M Crowder, LB Heppell, SS Jones, CM Lutcavage, ME Solow, AR Witherington, BE Boesch, DF Boyle, EA Corredor, JE Criddle, KR Deming, JW Feeley, MH Hallberg, R Hernandez, D Holman, RA Kim, K Knuth, BA Lawson, RA Matsumoto, GI Pearlman, JS Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Serafin, RJ Trehu, AM Tyack, PL Wright, DJ Yoder, JA AF Bjorndal, Karen A. Bowen, Brian W. Chaloupka, Milani Crowder, Larry B. Heppell, Selina S. Jones, Cynthia M. Lutcavage, Molly E. Solow, Andrew R. Witherington, Blair E. Boesch, Donald F. Boyle, Edward A. Corredor, Jorge E. Criddle, Keith R. Deming, Jody W. Feeley, Mary (Missy) H. Hallberg, Robert Hernandez, Debra Holman, Robert A. Kim, Kiho Knuth, Barbara A. Lawson, Robert A. Matsumoto, George I. Pearlman, Jay S. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Serafin, Robert J. Trehu, Anne M. Tyack, Peter L. Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. CA Comm Review Sea Turtle Population GP Natl Res Council TI Assessment of Sea-Turtle Status and Trends Integrating Demography and Abundance Summary SO ASSESSMENT OF SEA-TURTLE STATUS AND TRENDS: INTEGRATING DEMOGRAPHY AND ABUNDANCE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID JUVENILE LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; POLYMORPHIC MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS; PACIFIC LEATHERBACK TURTLES; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; SEATURTLES CARETTA-CARETTA; DEPENDENT NEST DESTRUCTION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA MARKERS; SOMATIC GROWTH DYNAMICS; IMMATURE GREEN TURTLES C1 [Bjorndal, Karen A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bowen, Brian W.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Chaloupka, Milani] Ecological Modelling Serv Pty Ltd, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Crowder, Larry B.] Duke Univ, Beaufort, NC USA. [Heppell, Selina S.; Holman, Robert A.; Trehu, Anne M.; Wright, Dawn J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jones, Cynthia M.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. [Lutcavage, Molly E.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Solow, Andrew R.; Tyack, Peter L.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Witherington, Blair E.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Melbourne Beach, FL USA. [Boesch, Donald F.] Univ Maryland, Cambridge, MD USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Corredor, Jorge E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Criddle, Keith R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK USA. [Deming, Jody W.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feeley, Mary (Missy) H.] ExxonMobil Explorat Co, Houston, TX USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hernandez, Debra] Hernandez & Co, Isle Of Palms, SC USA. [Kim, Kiho] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Lawson, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Pearlman, Jay S.] Boeing Co, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Serafin, Robert J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Bjorndal, KA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 464 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-15255-6 PY 2010 BP 1 EP + PG 37 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BD7FT UT WOS:000363025100001 ER PT J AU Bjorndal, KA Bowen, BW Chaloupka, M Crowder, LB Heppell, SS Jones, CM Lutcavage, ME Solow, AR Witherington, BE Boesch, DF Boyle, EA Corredor, JE Criddle, KR Deming, JW Feeley, MH Hallberg, R Hernandez, D Holman, RA Kim, K Knuth, BA Lawson, RA Matsumoto, GI Pearlman, JS Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Serafin, RJ Trehu, AM Tyack, PL Wright, DJ Yoder, JA AF Bjorndal, Karen A. Bowen, Brian W. Chaloupka, Milani Crowder, Larry B. Heppell, Selina S. Jones, Cynthia M. Lutcavage, Molly E. Solow, Andrew R. Witherington, Blair E. Boesch, Donald F. Boyle, Edward A. Corredor, Jorge E. Criddle, Keith R. Deming, Jody W. Feeley, Mary (Missy) H. Hallberg, Robert Hernandez, Debra Holman, Robert A. Kim, Kiho Knuth, Barbara A. Lawson, Robert A. Matsumoto, George I. Pearlman, Jay S. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Serafin, Robert J. Trehu, Anne M. Tyack, Peter L. Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. CA Comm Review Sea Turtle Population GP Natl Res Council TI Assessment of Sea-Turtle Status and Trends Integrating Demography and Abundance Introduction SO ASSESSMENT OF SEA-TURTLE STATUS AND TRENDS: INTEGRATING DEMOGRAPHY AND ABUNDANCE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Bjorndal, Karen A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bowen, Brian W.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Chaloupka, Milani] Ecological Modelling Serv Pty Ltd, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Crowder, Larry B.] Duke Univ, Beaufort, NC USA. [Heppell, Selina S.; Holman, Robert A.; Trehu, Anne M.; Wright, Dawn J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jones, Cynthia M.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. [Lutcavage, Molly E.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Solow, Andrew R.; Tyack, Peter L.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Witherington, Blair E.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Melbourne Beach, FL USA. [Boesch, Donald F.] Univ Maryland, Cambridge, MD USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Corredor, Jorge E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Criddle, Keith R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK USA. [Deming, Jody W.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feeley, Mary (Missy) H.] ExxonMobil Explorat Co, Houston, TX USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hernandez, Debra] Hernandez & Co, Isle Of Palms, SC USA. [Kim, Kiho] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Lawson, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Pearlman, Jay S.] Boeing Co, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Serafin, Robert J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Bjorndal, KA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-15255-6 PY 2010 BP 11 EP 28 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BD7FT UT WOS:000363025100002 ER PT J AU Bjorndal, KA Bowen, BW Chaloupka, M Crowder, LB Heppell, SS Jones, CM Lutcavage, ME Solow, AR Witherington, BE Boesch, DF Boyle, EA Corredor, JE Criddle, KR Deming, JW Feeley, MH Hallberg, R Hernandez, D Holman, RA Kim, K Knuth, BA Lawson, RA Matsumoto, GI Pearlman, JS Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Serafin, RJ Trehu, AM Tyack, PL Wright, DJ Yoder, JA AF Bjorndal, Karen A. Bowen, Brian W. Chaloupka, Milani Crowder, Larry B. Heppell, Selina S. Jones, Cynthia M. Lutcavage, Molly E. Solow, Andrew R. Witherington, Blair E. Boesch, Donald F. Boyle, Edward A. Corredor, Jorge E. Criddle, Keith R. Deming, Jody W. Feeley, Mary (Missy) H. Hallberg, Robert Hernandez, Debra Holman, Robert A. Kim, Kiho Knuth, Barbara A. Lawson, Robert A. Matsumoto, George I. Pearlman, Jay S. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Serafin, Robert J. Trehu, Anne M. Tyack, Peter L. Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. CA Comm Review Sea Turtle Population GP Natl Res Council TI Units of Assessment SO ASSESSMENT OF SEA-TURTLE STATUS AND TRENDS: INTEGRATING DEMOGRAPHY AND ABUNDANCE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bjorndal, Karen A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bowen, Brian W.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Chaloupka, Milani] Ecological Modelling Serv Pty Ltd, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Crowder, Larry B.] Duke Univ, Beaufort, NC USA. [Heppell, Selina S.; Holman, Robert A.; Trehu, Anne M.; Wright, Dawn J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jones, Cynthia M.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. [Lutcavage, Molly E.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Solow, Andrew R.; Tyack, Peter L.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Witherington, Blair E.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Melbourne Beach, FL USA. [Boesch, Donald F.] Univ Maryland, Cambridge, MD USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Corredor, Jorge E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Criddle, Keith R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK USA. [Deming, Jody W.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feeley, Mary (Missy) H.] ExxonMobil Explorat Co, Houston, TX USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hernandez, Debra] Hernandez & Co, Isle Of Palms, SC USA. [Kim, Kiho] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Lawson, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Pearlman, Jay S.] Boeing Co, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Serafin, Robert J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Bjorndal, KA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-15255-6 PY 2010 BP 29 EP 42 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BD7FT UT WOS:000363025100003 ER PT J AU Bjorndal, KA Bowen, BW Chaloupka, M Crowder, LB Heppell, SS Jones, CM Lutcavage, ME Solow, AR Witherington, BE Boesch, DF Boyle, EA Corredor, JE Criddle, KR Deming, JW Feeley, MH Hallberg, R Hernandez, D Holman, RA Kim, K Knuth, BA Lawson, RA Matsumoto, GI Pearlman, JS Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Serafin, RJ Trehu, AM Tyack, PL Wright, DJ Yoder, JA AF Bjorndal, Karen A. Bowen, Brian W. Chaloupka, Milani Crowder, Larry B. Heppell, Selina S. Jones, Cynthia M. Lutcavage, Molly E. Solow, Andrew R. Witherington, Blair E. Boesch, Donald F. Boyle, Edward A. Corredor, Jorge E. Criddle, Keith R. Deming, Jody W. Feeley, Mary (Missy) H. Hallberg, Robert Hernandez, Debra Holman, Robert A. Kim, Kiho Knuth, Barbara A. Lawson, Robert A. Matsumoto, George I. Pearlman, Jay S. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Serafin, Robert J. Trehu, Anne M. Tyack, Peter L. Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. CA Comm Review Sea Turtle Population GP Natl Res Council TI Conceptual Model of Sea-Turtle Abundance and Demography SO ASSESSMENT OF SEA-TURTLE STATUS AND TRENDS: INTEGRATING DEMOGRAPHY AND ABUNDANCE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bjorndal, Karen A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bowen, Brian W.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Chaloupka, Milani] Ecological Modelling Serv Pty Ltd, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Crowder, Larry B.] Duke Univ, Beaufort, NC USA. [Heppell, Selina S.; Holman, Robert A.; Trehu, Anne M.; Wright, Dawn J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jones, Cynthia M.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. [Lutcavage, Molly E.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Solow, Andrew R.; Tyack, Peter L.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Witherington, Blair E.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Melbourne Beach, FL USA. [Boesch, Donald F.] Univ Maryland, Cambridge, MD USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Corredor, Jorge E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Criddle, Keith R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK USA. [Deming, Jody W.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feeley, Mary (Missy) H.] ExxonMobil Explorat Co, Houston, TX USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hernandez, Debra] Hernandez & Co, Isle Of Palms, SC USA. [Kim, Kiho] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Lawson, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Pearlman, Jay S.] Boeing Co, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Serafin, Robert J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Bjorndal, KA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-15255-6 PY 2010 BP 43 EP 53 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BD7FT UT WOS:000363025100004 ER PT J AU Bjorndal, KA Bowen, BW Chaloupka, M Crowder, LB Heppell, SS Jones, CM Lutcavage, ME Solow, AR Witherington, BE Boesch, DF Boyle, EA Corredor, JE Criddle, KR Deming, JW Feeley, MH Hallberg, R Hernandez, D Holman, RA Kim, K Knuth, BA Lawson, RA Matsumoto, GI Pearlman, JS Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Serafin, RJ Trehu, AM Tyack, PL Wright, DJ Yoder, JA AF Bjorndal, Karen A. Bowen, Brian W. Chaloupka, Milani Crowder, Larry B. Heppell, Selina S. Jones, Cynthia M. Lutcavage, Molly E. Solow, Andrew R. Witherington, Blair E. Boesch, Donald F. Boyle, Edward A. Corredor, Jorge E. Criddle, Keith R. Deming, Jody W. Feeley, Mary (Missy) H. Hallberg, Robert Hernandez, Debra Holman, Robert A. Kim, Kiho Knuth, Barbara A. Lawson, Robert A. Matsumoto, George I. Pearlman, Jay S. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Serafin, Robert J. Trehu, Anne M. Tyack, Peter L. Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. CA Comm Review Sea Turtle Population GP Natl Res Council TI Abundance and Trends SO ASSESSMENT OF SEA-TURTLE STATUS AND TRENDS: INTEGRATING DEMOGRAPHY AND ABUNDANCE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bjorndal, Karen A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bowen, Brian W.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Chaloupka, Milani] Ecological Modelling Serv Pty Ltd, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Crowder, Larry B.] Duke Univ, Beaufort, NC USA. [Heppell, Selina S.; Holman, Robert A.; Trehu, Anne M.; Wright, Dawn J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jones, Cynthia M.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. [Lutcavage, Molly E.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Solow, Andrew R.; Tyack, Peter L.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Witherington, Blair E.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Melbourne Beach, FL USA. [Boesch, Donald F.] Univ Maryland, Cambridge, MD USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Corredor, Jorge E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Criddle, Keith R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK USA. [Deming, Jody W.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feeley, Mary (Missy) H.] ExxonMobil Explorat Co, Houston, TX USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hernandez, Debra] Hernandez & Co, Isle Of Palms, SC USA. [Kim, Kiho] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Lawson, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Pearlman, Jay S.] Boeing Co, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Serafin, Robert J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Bjorndal, KA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-15255-6 PY 2010 BP 55 EP 71 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BD7FT UT WOS:000363025100005 ER PT J AU Bjorndal, KA Bowen, BW Chaloupka, M Crowder, LB Heppell, SS Jones, CM Lutcavage, ME Solow, AR Witherington, BE Boesch, DF Boyle, EA Corredor, JE Criddle, KR Deming, JW Feeley, MH Hallberg, R Hernandez, D Holman, RA Kim, K Knuth, BA Lawson, RA Matsumoto, GI Pearlman, JS Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Serafin, RJ Trehu, AM Tyack, PL Wright, DJ Yoder, JA AF Bjorndal, Karen A. Bowen, Brian W. Chaloupka, Milani Crowder, Larry B. Heppell, Selina S. Jones, Cynthia M. Lutcavage, Molly E. Solow, Andrew R. Witherington, Blair E. Boesch, Donald F. Boyle, Edward A. Corredor, Jorge E. Criddle, Keith R. Deming, Jody W. Feeley, Mary (Missy) H. Hallberg, Robert Hernandez, Debra Holman, Robert A. Kim, Kiho Knuth, Barbara A. Lawson, Robert A. Matsumoto, George I. Pearlman, Jay S. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Serafin, Robert J. Trehu, Anne M. Tyack, Peter L. Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. CA Comm Review Sea Turtle Population GP Natl Res Council TI Demographic Rates SO ASSESSMENT OF SEA-TURTLE STATUS AND TRENDS: INTEGRATING DEMOGRAPHY AND ABUNDANCE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bjorndal, Karen A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bowen, Brian W.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Chaloupka, Milani] Ecological Modelling Serv Pty Ltd, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Crowder, Larry B.] Duke Univ, Beaufort, NC USA. [Heppell, Selina S.; Holman, Robert A.; Trehu, Anne M.; Wright, Dawn J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jones, Cynthia M.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. [Lutcavage, Molly E.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Solow, Andrew R.; Tyack, Peter L.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Witherington, Blair E.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Melbourne Beach, FL USA. [Boesch, Donald F.] Univ Maryland, Cambridge, MD USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Corredor, Jorge E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Criddle, Keith R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK USA. [Deming, Jody W.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feeley, Mary (Missy) H.] ExxonMobil Explorat Co, Houston, TX USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hernandez, Debra] Hernandez & Co, Isle Of Palms, SC USA. [Kim, Kiho] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Lawson, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Pearlman, Jay S.] Boeing Co, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Serafin, Robert J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Bjorndal, KA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-15255-6 PY 2010 BP 73 EP 90 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BD7FT UT WOS:000363025100006 ER PT J AU Bjorndal, KA Bowen, BW Chaloupka, M Crowder, LB Heppell, SS Jones, CM Lutcavage, ME Solow, AR Witherington, BE Boesch, DF Boyle, EA Corredor, JE Criddle, KR Deming, JW Feeley, MH Hallberg, R Hernandez, D Holman, RA Kim, K Knuth, BA Lawson, RA Matsumoto, GI Pearlman, JS Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Serafin, RJ Trehu, AM Tyack, PL Wright, DJ Yoder, JA AF Bjorndal, Karen A. Bowen, Brian W. Chaloupka, Milani Crowder, Larry B. Heppell, Selina S. Jones, Cynthia M. Lutcavage, Molly E. Solow, Andrew R. Witherington, Blair E. Boesch, Donald F. Boyle, Edward A. Corredor, Jorge E. Criddle, Keith R. Deming, Jody W. Feeley, Mary (Missy) H. Hallberg, Robert Hernandez, Debra Holman, Robert A. Kim, Kiho Knuth, Barbara A. Lawson, Robert A. Matsumoto, George I. Pearlman, Jay S. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Serafin, Robert J. Trehu, Anne M. Tyack, Peter L. Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. CA Comm Review Sea Turtle Population GP Natl Res Council TI Integrating Demographic Information with Abundance Estimates SO ASSESSMENT OF SEA-TURTLE STATUS AND TRENDS: INTEGRATING DEMOGRAPHY AND ABUNDANCE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bjorndal, Karen A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bowen, Brian W.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Chaloupka, Milani] Ecological Modelling Serv Pty Ltd, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Crowder, Larry B.] Duke Univ, Beaufort, NC USA. [Heppell, Selina S.; Holman, Robert A.; Trehu, Anne M.; Wright, Dawn J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jones, Cynthia M.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. [Lutcavage, Molly E.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Solow, Andrew R.; Tyack, Peter L.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Witherington, Blair E.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Melbourne Beach, FL USA. [Boesch, Donald F.] Univ Maryland, Cambridge, MD USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Corredor, Jorge E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Criddle, Keith R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK USA. [Deming, Jody W.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feeley, Mary (Missy) H.] ExxonMobil Explorat Co, Houston, TX USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hernandez, Debra] Hernandez & Co, Isle Of Palms, SC USA. [Kim, Kiho] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Lawson, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Pearlman, Jay S.] Boeing Co, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Serafin, Robert J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Bjorndal, KA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-15255-6 PY 2010 BP 91 EP 108 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BD7FT UT WOS:000363025100007 ER PT J AU Bjorndal, KA Bowen, BW Chaloupka, M Crowder, LB Heppell, SS Jones, CM Lutcavage, ME Solow, AR Witherington, BE Boesch, DF Boyle, EA Corredor, JE Criddle, KR Deming, JW Feeley, MH Hallberg, R Hernandez, D Holman, RA Kim, K Knuth, BA Lawson, RA Matsumoto, GI Pearlman, JS Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Serafin, RJ Trehu, AM Tyack, PL Wright, DJ Yoder, JA AF Bjorndal, Karen A. Bowen, Brian W. Chaloupka, Milani Crowder, Larry B. Heppell, Selina S. Jones, Cynthia M. Lutcavage, Molly E. Solow, Andrew R. Witherington, Blair E. Boesch, Donald F. Boyle, Edward A. Corredor, Jorge E. Criddle, Keith R. Deming, Jody W. Feeley, Mary (Missy) H. Hallberg, Robert Hernandez, Debra Holman, Robert A. Kim, Kiho Knuth, Barbara A. Lawson, Robert A. Matsumoto, George I. Pearlman, Jay S. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Serafin, Robert J. Trehu, Anne M. Tyack, Peter L. Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. CA Comm Review Sea Turtle Population GP Natl Res Council TI Cross-Cutting Issues: Data, Education, Permits, and Coordination SO ASSESSMENT OF SEA-TURTLE STATUS AND TRENDS: INTEGRATING DEMOGRAPHY AND ABUNDANCE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bjorndal, Karen A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bowen, Brian W.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Chaloupka, Milani] Ecological Modelling Serv Pty Ltd, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Crowder, Larry B.] Duke Univ, Beaufort, NC USA. [Heppell, Selina S.; Holman, Robert A.; Trehu, Anne M.; Wright, Dawn J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jones, Cynthia M.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. [Lutcavage, Molly E.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Solow, Andrew R.; Tyack, Peter L.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Witherington, Blair E.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Melbourne Beach, FL USA. [Boesch, Donald F.] Univ Maryland, Cambridge, MD USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Corredor, Jorge E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Criddle, Keith R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK USA. [Deming, Jody W.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feeley, Mary (Missy) H.] ExxonMobil Explorat Co, Houston, TX USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hernandez, Debra] Hernandez & Co, Isle Of Palms, SC USA. [Kim, Kiho] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Lawson, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Pearlman, Jay S.] Boeing Co, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Serafin, Robert J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Bjorndal, KA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-15255-6 PY 2010 BP 109 EP 120 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BD7FT UT WOS:000363025100008 ER PT J AU Bjorndal, KA Bowen, BW Chaloupka, M Crowder, LB Heppell, SS Jones, CM Lutcavage, ME Solow, AR Witherington, BE Boesch, DF Boyle, EA Corredor, JE Criddle, KR Deming, JW Feeley, MH Hallberg, R Hernandez, D Holman, RA Kim, K Knuth, BA Lawson, RA Matsumoto, GI Pearlman, JS Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Serafin, RJ Trehu, AM Tyack, PL Wright, DJ Yoder, JA AF Bjorndal, Karen A. Bowen, Brian W. Chaloupka, Milani Crowder, Larry B. Heppell, Selina S. Jones, Cynthia M. Lutcavage, Molly E. Solow, Andrew R. Witherington, Blair E. Boesch, Donald F. Boyle, Edward A. Corredor, Jorge E. Criddle, Keith R. Deming, Jody W. Feeley, Mary (Missy) H. Hallberg, Robert Hernandez, Debra Holman, Robert A. Kim, Kiho Knuth, Barbara A. Lawson, Robert A. Matsumoto, George I. Pearlman, Jay S. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Serafin, Robert J. Trehu, Anne M. Tyack, Peter L. Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. CA Comm Review Sea Turtle Population GP Natl Res Council TI Assessment of Sea-Turtle Status and Trends Integrating Demography and Abundance Conclusions and Recommendations SO ASSESSMENT OF SEA-TURTLE STATUS AND TRENDS: INTEGRATING DEMOGRAPHY AND ABUNDANCE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Bjorndal, Karen A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bowen, Brian W.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Chaloupka, Milani] Ecological Modelling Serv Pty Ltd, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Crowder, Larry B.] Duke Univ, Beaufort, NC USA. [Heppell, Selina S.; Holman, Robert A.; Trehu, Anne M.; Wright, Dawn J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jones, Cynthia M.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. [Lutcavage, Molly E.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Solow, Andrew R.; Tyack, Peter L.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Witherington, Blair E.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Melbourne Beach, FL USA. [Boesch, Donald F.] Univ Maryland, Cambridge, MD USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Corredor, Jorge E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Criddle, Keith R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK USA. [Deming, Jody W.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feeley, Mary (Missy) H.] ExxonMobil Explorat Co, Houston, TX USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hernandez, Debra] Hernandez & Co, Isle Of Palms, SC USA. [Kim, Kiho] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Lawson, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Pearlman, Jay S.] Boeing Co, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Serafin, Robert J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Bjorndal, KA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-15255-6 PY 2010 BP 121 EP 124 PG 4 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BD7FT UT WOS:000363025100009 ER PT S AU Bleich, A Duncan, M Wysack, J AF Bleich, Amy Duncan, Matthew Wysack, Joshua BE Rao, AV Lovell, TA Chan, FK Cangahuala, LA TI THE COLLISION RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK MITIGATION PROCESS FOR THE NPP AND NPOESS MISSIONS SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2009, VOL 135, PTS 1-3 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 09-13, 2009 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Orbital debris poses a significant threat to spacecraft health and safety. The current estimate of the number of 'tracked' objects that are larger than 10 cm is estimated at approximately 20,000. Most of these tracked objects are characterized as orbital debris. Satellites are routinely hit by small particles that cause little or no damage. However, if a large particle were to hit an operational satellite, the impact could result in the end of the mission. A large part of the orbital debris population resides in low earth orbit (LEO), where the density distribution of cataloged objects is concentrated near mean equatorial altitudes of 700 - 1100 km. Because of the ever increasing threat posed by orbiting objects, the National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Program Office has established a risk assessment and risk mitigation process for the NPOESS satellite constellation. This process consists of daily analysis of close approach data produced by the United States Strategic Command's (USSTRATCOM) Joint Functional Component Command for Space (JFCC-Space) through its 24/7 operations center, the Joint Space Operations Center (JSpOC). This document describes the collision risk assessment operations concept that will be employed for the NPOESS project. The NPOESS program is managed by a tri-agency Integrated Program Office (IPO), involving personnel from the Department of Commerce (DoC), Department of Defense (DoD) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). C1 [Bleich, Amy] NOAA, Gen Dynam Inc, NPOESS Integrated Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bleich, A (reprint author), NOAA, Gen Dynam Inc, NPOESS Integrated Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-557-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2010 VL 135 BP 1207 EP 1221 PN 1-3 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQA45 UT WOS:000280501900069 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Ralchenko, Y Doschek, GA AF Feldman, U. Ralchenko, Yu. Doschek, G. A. TI THE EFFECT OF HOT CORONAL ELECTRONS ON EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRAL LINES OF He II EMITTED BY SOLAR TRANSITION REGION PLASMAS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: atmosphere; Sun: corona; Sun: transition region ID HELIUM LINES; ANOMALOUS INTENSITIES; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; SUN; IONIZATION; ATMOSPHERE; EMISSION; MODEL; CHROMOSPHERE; POPULATION AB The cause of the lower intensities of extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) He II lines emitted by coronal hole (CH) plasmas compared with quiet Sun (QS) plasmas has been the subject of many studies dating back over half a century. In this paper, we study the effect of small amounts of "hot" electrons at coronal temperatures (T(e) = 1.4 x 10(6) K) on the intensities of EUV He II lines, as well as on the intensities of EUV lines of C III, C IV, O III, and O IV emitted by 1.5 x 10(4) K-1.5 x 10(5) K (4.2 <= log T(e) <= 5.2) plasmas in the QS. We show that although the influence of a fraction as small as 10(-4)-10(-3) of hot electrons on the intensities of the C and O lines is noticeable, the effect on the intensities of the He lines is much larger, to the extent that it could explain the excess brightness of He II lines emitted by QS regions relative to CH plasmas. C1 [Feldman, U.] Artep Inc, Columbia, MD 21042 USA. [Feldman, U.; Doschek, G. A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ralchenko, Yu.] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), Artep Inc, 2922 Excelsior Spring Circle, Columbia, MD 21042 USA. RI Ralchenko, Yuri/B-7687-2011; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 FU NASA; ONR/NRL 6.1; U.S. Department of Energy FX Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, collaborating with NAOJ as domestic partner, and NASA ( USA) and STFC (UK) as international partners. Scientific operation of the Hinode mission is conducted by the Hinode Science Team organized at ISAS/JAXA. This team mainly consists of scientists from institutes in the partner countries. Support for the post-launch operation is provided by JAXA and NAOJ, STFC, NASA, ESA (European Space Agency), and NSC (Norway). We are grateful to the Hinode team for all their efforts in the design, build, and operation of the mission. G.A.D. and U.F. acknowledge support from the NASA Hinode program and from ONR/NRL 6.1 basic research funds. Yu.R. was supported in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 708 IS 1 BP 244 EP 252 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/1/244 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 532ZM UT WOS:000272790400022 ER PT S AU Atlas, R Hoffman, RN Leidner, SM Ardizzone, J AF Atlas, Robert Hoffman, Ross N. Leidner, S. Mark Ardizzone, Joseph BE Goldberg, MD Bloom, HJ TI Impact of satellite surface wind observations on ocean surface wind analyses and numerical weather prediction SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION VI: READINESS FOR GEOSS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization VI - Readiness for GEOSS IV CY AUG 01, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE microwave radiometry; scatterometry; wind; weather prediction AB Since the 1970s, an extensive series of data impact studies has been performed to evaluate and enhance the impact of satellite surface wind data on ocean surface wind analyses and fluxes, atmospheric and oceanic modeling, and weather prediction. These studies led to the first beneficial impacts of scatterometer winds on numerical weather prediction (NWP), the development of the methodology to assimilate surface wind speeds derived from passive microwave radiometry, and the operational use of satellite surface winds by marine forecasters and NWP models. In recent years, the impact of these data on NWP has decreased as more competing data have become available; however, the results of our recent experiments still show a very significant impact of satellite surface winds on ocean surface wind analyses and on the prediction of selected storms over the oceans. C1 [Atlas, Robert] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Atlas, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Robert.Atlas@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-307-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7811 AR 781102 DI 10.1117/12.858790 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BSU60 UT WOS:000285830200001 ER PT S AU Datla, RU Rice, J Cooksey, C Thome, KJ Barnes, RA Cao, CY AF Datla, Raju U. Rice, Joseph Cooksey, Catherine Thome, Kurtis J. Barnes, Robert A. Cao, Changyong BE Goldberg, MD Bloom, HJ TI Report on the NIST workshop of December 10, 2009: calibration strategies for bridging possible climate data gaps SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION VI: READINESS FOR GEOSS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization VI - Readiness for GEOSS IV CY AUG 01, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Climate data gaps; remote sensing satellite data; SI traceability; calibration AB A one-day workshop was held on December 10, 2009 at the National Institute of Standards and Technology to address the issue of data gaps in the time series of satellite measurements. Such gaps can occur due to launch delay, launch failure, inconsistencies, or data jumps in radiometric scales between satellites. The presence of such gaps limit the ability of using measurements to detect the small changes in key environmental variables that result from climate change. Leading experts in the Earth Observation community from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminstration (NOAA), United States Geological Survey (USGS), and academia attended the meeting to prioritize the calibration strategies for bridging and mitigating satellite data gaps for climate change detection. These strategies include establishing SI traceability for satellite sensor calibration and measurements; continuing improvements in prelaunch, onboard, and vicarious calibrations and transfer standards; establishing celestial standards and procedures for intercomparisons; establishing SI traceability for alternative measurement strategies, such as in-situ networks and airborne sensor campaigns; and leveraging international satellite assets. This paper summarizes the workshop and recommendations. C1 [Datla, Raju U.; Rice, Joseph; Cooksey, Catherine] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Datla, RU (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rdatla@nist.gov RI Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-307-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7811 AR 781105 DI 10.1117/12.861517 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BSU60 UT WOS:000285830200003 ER PT S AU Raja, MKRV Wu, XQ Yu, FF AF Raja, M. K. Rama Varma Wu, Xiangqian Yu, Fangfang BE Goldberg, MD Bloom, HJ TI Extended Inter-comparison of collocated MetOp-A AVHRR-IASI brightness temperature data and its implication for AVHRR calibration SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION VI: READINESS FOR GEOSS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization VI - Readiness for GEOSS IV CY AUG 01, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE AVHRR; IASI; Calibration; Infrared; Radiometry ID CHANNELS AB The collocated measurements in 3.74 mu m, 11 mu m and 12 mu m channels from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and corresponding simulated AVHRR measurements using hyper-spectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) observations are inter-compared. Both of the instruments are placed on MetOp-A satellite launched in October 2006. Because IASI observations did not have complete spectral coverage over AVHRR 3.74 mu m channel, Line-By-Line Radiative Transfer Model (LBLRTM) simulated IASI spectra were generated to enable complete IASI coverage for this channel. It is shown that the large AVHRP minus IASI negative bias in 3.74 mu m channel can be explained more or less completely by the part of the AVHRR spectral band not seen by IASI which is an indication of relatively large absorption in that particular portion of the AVHRR spectral band. The near similarity between slopes of bias dependency on scene radiance from the model and those derived from observations with respect to 3.74 mu m channel indicate that it could be mostly the CO2 absorption in the higher wave-numbers experienced by AVHRR and not experienced by IASI causing the discrepancy between these two observations. Thus the study confirms that AVHRR short wave infrared channel (3.74 mu m) is performing very well with no indication, of spectral uncertainties, or of significant radiometric uncertainties. On the other hand, the results suggest that AVHRR 3.74 mu m channel experiences significant CO2 absorption which may disqualify it from being recognized as a "window channel". With respect to long wave infrared channels at 11 mu m and 12 mu m the study reveals that the bias between the two measurements undergo seasonal variations, however, with small magnitudes. C1 [Raja, M. K. Rama Varma] NOAA NESDIS STAR, IM Syst Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Raja, MKRV (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, IM Syst Grp Inc, Room 712,World Weather Bldg,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Rama.Mundakkara@noaa.gov; Xiangqian.Wu@noaa.gov; Fangfang.Yu@noaa.gov RI Yu, Fangfang/E-7942-2011; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010 OI Yu, Fangfang/0000-0001-8343-0863; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-307-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7811 AR 781107 DI 10.1117/12.861265 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BSU60 UT WOS:000285830200005 ER PT J AU Atkinson, DB Massoli, P O'Neill, NT Quinn, PK Brooks, SD Lefer, B AF Atkinson, D. B. Massoli, P. O'Neill, N. T. Quinn, P. K. Brooks, S. D. Lefer, B. TI Comparison of in situ and columnar aerosol spectral measurements during TexAQS-GoMACCS 2006: testing parameterizations for estimating aerosol fine mode properties SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CAVITY RING-DOWN; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; RETRIEVAL; AERONET; SPECTROMETER; EXTINCTION; ATLANTIC; PACIFIC; OCEANS AB During the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study and Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (TexAQS-GoMACCS 2006), the optical, chemical and microphysical properties of atmospheric aerosols were measured on multiple mobile platforms and at ground based stations. In situ measurements of the aerosol light extinction coefficient (sigma(ep)) were performed by two multi-wavelength cavity ring-down (CRD) instruments, one located on board the NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown (RHB) and the other located at the University of Houston, Moody Tower (UHMT). An AERONET sunphotometer was also located at the UHMT to measure the columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD). The sigma(ep) data were used to extract the extinction Angstrom exponent (a(sic)(ep)), a measure of the wavelength dependence of sigma(ep). There was general agreement between the a(sic)(ep) (and to a lesser degree sigma(ep)) measurements by the two spatially separated CRD instruments during multi-day periods, suggesting a regional scale consistency of the sampled aerosols. Two spectral models are applied to the sigma(ep) and AOD data to extract the fine mode fraction of extinction (eta) and the fine mode effective radius (R-eff,R-f). These two parameters are robust measures of the fine mode contribution to total extinction and the fine mode size distribution, respectively. The results of the analysis are compared to R-eff,R- f values extracted using AERONET V2 retrievals and calculated from in situ particle size measurements on the RHB and at UHMT. During a time period when fine mode aerosols dominated the extinction over a large area extending from Houston/Galveston Bay and out into the Gulf of Mexico, the various methods for obtaining R-eff,R-f agree qualitatively (showing the same temporal trend) and quantitatively ( pooled standard deviation = 28 nm). C1 [Atkinson, D. B.] Portland State Univ, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Massoli, P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Massoli, P.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [O'Neill, N. T.] Univ Sherbrooke, CARTEL, Dept Geomat Appl, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Brooks, S. D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Lefer, B.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Atkinson, DB (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM atkinsond@pdx.edu RI Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 FU Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC) [H78]; Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) [582-5-64594]; Atmospheric Composition and Climate program at the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration [NA05OAR4310108] FX The TRAMP participants, DBA, SDB, and BL would like to express their gratitude to the Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC) for supporting and funding Project H78 and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) for supporting and funding this research under grant 582-5-64594. DBA acknowledges support from the Atmospheric Composition and Climate program at the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration through award number NA05OAR4310108. The authors also thank the officers and crew of the NOAA RV Ronald H. Brown, the NOAA Climate and Global Change Program, the NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program, and the Texas Air Quality Study. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.5194/acp-10-51-2010 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 551QR UT WOS:000274224600005 ER PT J AU Koch, D Schulz, M Kinne, S McNaughton, C Spackman, JR Balkanski, Y Bauer, S Berntsen, T Bond, TC Boucher, O Chin, M Clarke, A De Luca, N Dentener, F Diehl, T Dubovik, O Easter, R Fahey, DW Feichter, J Fillmore, D Freitag, S Ghan, S Ginoux, P Gong, S Horowitz, L Iversen, T Kirkevag, A Klimont, Z Kondo, Y Krol, M Liu, X Miller, R Montanaro, V Moteki, N Myhre, G Penner, JE Perlwitz, J Pitari, G Reddy, S Sahu, L Sakamoto, H Schuster, G Schwarz, JP Seland, O Stier, P Takegawa, N Takemura, T Textor, C van Aardenne, JA Zhao, Y AF Koch, D. Schulz, M. Kinne, S. McNaughton, C. Spackman, J. R. Balkanski, Y. Bauer, S. Berntsen, T. Bond, T. C. Boucher, O. Chin, M. Clarke, A. De Luca, N. Dentener, F. Diehl, T. Dubovik, O. Easter, R. Fahey, D. W. Feichter, J. Fillmore, D. Freitag, S. Ghan, S. Ginoux, P. Gong, S. Horowitz, L. Iversen, T. Kirkevag, A. Klimont, Z. Kondo, Y. Krol, M. Liu, X. Miller, R. Montanaro, V. Moteki, N. Myhre, G. Penner, J. E. Perlwitz, J. Pitari, G. Reddy, S. Sahu, L. Sakamoto, H. Schuster, G. Schwarz, J. P. Seland, O. Stier, P. Takegawa, N. Takemura, T. Textor, C. van Aardenne, J. A. Zhao, Y. TI Evaluation of black carbon estimations in global aerosol models (vol 9, pg 9001, 2009) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Koch, D.; Bauer, S.; Perlwitz, J.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Koch, D.; Bauer, S.; Perlwitz, J.] NASA GISS, New York, NY USA. [Schulz, M.; Balkanski, Y.; Textor, C.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Kinne, S.; Feichter, J.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Schuster, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Bond, T. C.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Klimont, Z.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [van Aardenne, J. A.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Spackman, J. R.; Fahey, D. W.; Schwarz, J. P.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Spackman, J. R.; Fahey, D. W.; Schwarz, J. P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McNaughton, C.; Clarke, A.; Freitag, S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kondo, Y.; Moteki, N.; Sahu, L.; Sakamoto, H.; Takegawa, N.] Univ Tokyo, RCAST, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. [Krol, M.] Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Berntsen, T.; Iversen, T.; Myhre, G.] Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [Boucher, O.; Dubovik, O.; Reddy, S.] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, CNRS, Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Chin, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Dentener, F.] Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Joint Res Ctr, EC, Ispra, Italy. [Diehl, T.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Easter, R.; Ghan, S.; Liu, X.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ginoux, P.; Horowitz, L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Gong, S.] ARQM Meteorol Serv Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Zhao, Y.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fillmore, D.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Liu, X.; Penner, J. E.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [De Luca, N.; Montanaro, V.; Pitari, G.] Univ Aquila, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Stier, P.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Iversen, T.; Kirkevag, A.; Seland, O.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Myhre, G.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. RP Koch, D (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM dkoch@giss.nasa.gov RI Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Balkanski, Yves/A-6616-2011; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014; Bond, Tami/A-1317-2013; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009; Krol, Maarten/B-3597-2010; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Miller, Ron/E-1902-2012; Boucher, Olivier/J-5810-2012; Boucher, Olivier/K-7483-2012; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012 OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Bond, Tami/0000-0001-5968-8928; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460; Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; NR 1 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 28 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 BP 79 EP 81 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 551QR UT WOS:000274224600007 ER PT J AU Pillai, D Gerbig, C Marshall, J Ahmadov, R Kretschmer, R Koch, T Karstens, U AF Pillai, D. Gerbig, C. Marshall, J. Ahmadov, R. Kretschmer, R. Koch, T. Karstens, U. TI High resolution modeling of CO2 over Europe: implications for representation errors of satellite retrievals SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; REGIONAL-SCALE; VARIABILITY; INVERSION; TRANSPORT AB Satellite retrievals for column CO2 with better spatial and temporal sampling are expected to improve the current surface flux estimates of CO2 via inverse techniques. However, the spatial scale mismatch between remotely sensed CO2 and current generation inverse models can induce representation errors, which can cause systematic biases in flux estimates. This study is focused on estimating these representation errors associated with utilization of satellite measurements in global models with a horizontal resolution of about 1 degree or less. For this we used simulated CO2 from the high resolution modeling framework WRF-VPRM, which links CO2 fluxes from a diagnostic biosphere model to a weather forecasting model at 10x10 km(2) horizontal resolution. Sub-grid variability of column averaged CO2, i.e. the variability not resolved by global models, reached up to 1.2 ppm with a median value of 0.4 ppm. Statistical analysis of the simulation results indicate that orography plays an important role. Using sub-grid variability of orography and CO2 fluxes as well as resolved mixing ratio of CO2, a linear model can be formulated that could explain about 50% of the spatial patterns in the systematic (bias or correlated error) component of representation error in column and near-surface CO2 during day- and night-times. These findings give hints for a parameterization of representation error which would allow for the representation error to taken into account in inverse models or data assimilation systems. C1 [Pillai, D.; Gerbig, C.; Marshall, J.; Kretschmer, R.; Koch, T.; Karstens, U.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. [Ahmadov, R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Ahmadov, R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Pillai, D (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, POB 100164, D-07701 Jena, Germany. EM kdhanya@bgc-jena.mpg.de RI Ahmadov, Ravan/F-2036-2011; Gerbig, Christoph/L-3532-2013; Karstens, Ute/P-7075-2014; OI Ahmadov, Ravan/0000-0002-6996-7071; Gerbig, Christoph/0000-0002-1112-8603; Karstens, Ute/0000-0002-8985-7742; Marshall, Julia/0000-0003-2648-128X FU European Space Agency [AO/1-5244/06/NL/HE] FX This work has been supported through European Space Agency funding ( contract AO/1-5244/06/NL/HE). The authors thank Francois-Marie Breon for providing the algorithm to calculate the A-SCOPE track and to select cloud free pixels. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 BP 83 EP 94 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 551QR UT WOS:000274224600008 ER PT J AU Froyd, KD Murphy, DM Lawson, P Baumgardner, D Herman, RL AF Froyd, K. D. Murphy, D. M. Lawson, P. Baumgardner, D. Herman, R. L. TI Aerosols that form subvisible cirrus at the tropical tropopause SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UPPER TROPOSPHERE; ICE NUCLEATION; RADIATIVE IMPACTS; AMMONIUM-SULFATE; CLOUD FORMATION; DEHYDRATION; THIN; SUPERSATURATIONS; SPECTROMETER; INSTRUMENT AB The composition of residual particles from evaporated cirrus ice crystals near the tropical tropopause as well as unfrozen aerosols were measured with a single particle mass spectrometer. Subvisible cirrus residuals were predominantly composed of internal mixtures of neutralized sulfate with organic material and were chemically indistinguishable from unfrozen sulfate-organic aerosols. Ice residuals were also similar in size to unfrozen aerosol. Heterogeneous ice nuclei such as mineral dust were not enhanced in these subvisible cirrus residuals. Biomass burning particles were depleted in the residuals. Cloud probe measurements showing low cirrus ice crystal number concentrations were inconsistent with conventional homogeneous freezing. Recent laboratory studies provide heterogeneous nucleation scenarios that may explain tropopause level subvisible cirrus formation. C1 [Froyd, K. D.; Murphy, D. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Froyd, K. D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Lawson, P.] SPEC Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Baumgardner, D.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Herman, R. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Froyd, KD (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. EM Karl.Froyd@noaa.gov RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; FU NOAA; NASA FX The authors thank Eric Jensen and Benjamin Murray for their valuable input. This work was funded by NOAA base and climate change programs as well as NASA funding for aircraft deployments. Work performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was under a contract with NASA. NR 52 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 BP 209 EP 218 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 551QR UT WOS:000274224600016 ER PT J AU Butler, JH Bell, TG Hall, BD Quack, B Carpenter, LJ Williams, J AF Butler, J. H. Bell, T. G. Hall, B. D. Quack, B. Carpenter, L. J. Williams, J. TI Technical Note: Ensuring consistent, global measurements of very short-lived halocarbon gases in the ocean and atmosphere SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; HALOGEN OXIDES; CHEMISTRY; TROPOSPHERE; AEROSOL; BROMINE; MODEL; AIR AB Very short-lived halocarbons are significant sources of reactive halogen in the marine boundary layer, and likely in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Quantifying ambient concentrations in the surface ocean and atmosphere is essential for understanding the atmospheric impact of these trace gas fluxes. Despite the body of literature increasing substantially over recent years, calibration issues complicate the comparison of results and limit the utility of building larger-scale databases that would enable further development of the science (e.g. sea-air flux quantification, model validation, etc.). With this in mind, thirty-one scientists from both atmospheric and oceanic halocarbon communities in eight nations gathered in London in February 2008 to discuss the scientific issues and plan an international effort toward developing common calibration scales (< a href='http://tinyurl.com/c9cg58'target='_blank'> http://tinyurl.com/c9cg58 ). Here, we discuss the outputs from this meeting, suggest the compounds that should be targeted initially, identify opportunities for beginning calibration and comparison efforts, and make recommendations for ways to improve the comparability of previous and future measurements. C1 [Bell, T. G.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, LGMAC, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Butler, J. H.; Hall, B. D.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Quack, B.] Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch IFM GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. [Carpenter, L. J.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Williams, J.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. RP Bell, TG (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, LGMAC, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM thomas.bell@uea.ac.uk RI Bell, Thomas/E-8488-2011; Carpenter, Lucy/E-6742-2013; OI Bell, Thomas/0000-0002-4108-7048; Carpenter, Lucy/0000-0002-6257-3950 FU SOLAS International Project Office (IPO); Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through UK-SOLAS Knowledge Transfer funds; European Science Foundation (ESF) through COST; UK SOLAS Knowledge Transfer grant [NE/E001696/1] FX The workshop held at the Novartis Institute, London, in February 2008 would not have been possible without the support of the SOLAS International Project Office (IPO); the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through UK-SOLAS Knowledge Transfer funds; and the European Science Foundation (ESF) through COST (Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research) Action 735 funds. We thank Jeff Hare and Georgia Bayliss-Brown (SOLAS IPO) for their significant contribution toward the organization of the workshop. Tom Bell and SOLAS Project Integration are supported by a UK SOLAS Knowledge Transfer grant (NE/E001696/1). We also thank three anonymous reviewers who helped improve this manuscript. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 2 BP 327 EP 330 DI 10.5194/acp-10-327-2010 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 548IK UT WOS:000273954200002 ER PT J AU Hirdman, D Sodemann, H Eckhardt, S Burkhart, JF Jefferson, A Mefford, T Quinn, PK Sharma, S Strom, J Stohl, A AF Hirdman, D. Sodemann, H. Eckhardt, S. Burkhart, J. F. Jefferson, A. Mefford, T. Quinn, P. K. Sharma, S. Strom, J. Stohl, A. TI Source identification of short-lived air pollutants in the Arctic using statistical analysis of measurement data and particle dispersion model output SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLAR SUNRISE EXPERIMENT; LAYER OZONE DEPLETION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; PARTICULATE SULFATE; SOURCE REGIONS; NORTH-AMERICA; GRAND-CANYON; AEROSOL AB As a part of the IPY project POLARCAT (Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements and Models, of Climate Chemistry, Aerosols and Transport), this paper studies the sources of equivalent black carbon (EBC), sulphate, light-scattering aerosols and ozone measured at the Arctic stations Zeppelin, Alert, Barrow and Summit during the years 2000-2007. These species are important pollutants and climate forcing agents, and sulphate and EBC are main components of Arctic haze. To determine where these substances originate, the measurement data were combined with calculations using FLEXPART, a Lagrangian particle dispersion model. The climatology of atmospheric transport from surrounding regions on a twenty-day time scale modelled by FLEXPART shows that the stations Zeppelin, Alert and Barrow are highly sensitive to surface emissions in the Arctic and to emissions in high-latitude Eurasia in winter. Emission sensitivities over southern Asia and southern North America are small throughout the year. The high-altitude station Summit is an order of magnitude less sensitive to surface emissions in the Arctic whereas emissions in the southern parts of the Northern Hemisphere continents are more influential relative to the other stations. Our results show that for EBC and sulphate measured at Zeppelin, Alert and Barrow, northern Eurasia is the dominant source region. For sulphate, Eastern Europe and the metal smelting industry in Norilsk are particularly important. For EBC, boreal forest fires also contribute in summer. No evidence for any substantial contribution to EBC from sources in southern Asia is found. European air masses are associated with low ozone concentrations in winter due to titration by nitric oxides, but are associated with high ozone concentrations in summer due to photochemical ozone formation. There is also a strong influence of ozone depletion events in the Arctic boundary layer on measured ozone concentrations in spring and summer. These results will be useful for developing emission reduction strategies for the Arctic. C1 [Hirdman, D.; Sodemann, H.; Eckhardt, S.; Burkhart, J. F.; Stohl, A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Trondheim, Norway. [Jefferson, A.; Mefford, T.] NOAA, ESRL, Global Monitoring Div, Washington, DC USA. [Jefferson, A.; Mefford, T.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, PMEL, Washington, DC USA. [Strom, J.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Tromso, Norway. RP Hirdman, D (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Trondheim, Norway. EM dhi@nilu.no RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Jefferson, Anne/K-4793-2012; Eckhardt, Sabine/I-4001-2012; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Eckhardt, Sabine/0000-0001-6958-5375; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Burkhart, John/0000-0002-5587-1693 FU Swedish Environmental Protection Agency; Swedish Research Council have sponsored BC measurements at Zeppelin; Norwegian Research Council through the POLARCAT and SUMSVAL projects FX We appreciate discussions with C. Brock and T. Ryerson on Alaskan emissions. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their comments on our paper. We would like to thank ECMWF and met. no for access to the ECMWF archives. We would also like to thank the Global Monitoring Division at NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, the Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate at Environment Canada and SFT Norway for providing data. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and the Swedish Research Council have sponsored BC measurements at Zeppelin. Funding for this study was provided by the Norwegian Research Council through the POLARCAT and SUMSVAL projects. NR 98 TC 82 Z9 89 U1 6 U2 50 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 2 BP 669 EP 693 DI 10.5194/acp-10-669-2010 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 548IK UT WOS:000273954200024 ER PT J AU Fisher, JA Jacob, DJ Purdy, MT Kopacz, M Le Sager, P Carouge, C Holmes, CD Yantosca, RM Batchelor, RL Strong, K Diskin, GS Fuelberg, HE Holloway, JS Hyer, EJ McMillan, WW Warner, J Streets, DG Zhang, Q Wang, Y Wu, S AF Fisher, J. A. Jacob, D. J. Purdy, M. T. Kopacz, M. Le Sager, P. Carouge, C. Holmes, C. D. Yantosca, R. M. Batchelor, R. L. Strong, K. Diskin, G. S. Fuelberg, H. E. Holloway, J. S. Hyer, E. J. McMillan, W. W. Warner, J. Streets, D. G. Zhang, Q. Wang, Y. Wu, S. TI Source attribution and interannual variability of Arctic pollution in spring constrained by aircraft (ARCTAS, ARCPAC) and satellite (AIRS) observations of carbon monoxide SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; SURFACE OBSERVATIONS; OZONE POLLUTION; ASIAN OUTFLOW; BLACK CARBON; BERING-SEA; TRANSPORT; EMISSIONS; PACIFIC; CO AB We use aircraft observations of carbon monoxide (CO) from the NASA ARCTAS and NOAA ARCPAC campaigns in April 2008 together with multiyear (2003-2008) CO satellite data from the AIRS instrument and a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to better understand the sources, transport, and interannual variability of pollution in the Arctic in spring. Model simulation of the aircraft data gives best estimates of CO emissions in April 2008 of 26 Tg month(-1) for Asian anthropogenic, 9.4 for European anthropogenic, 4.1 for North American anthropogenic, 15 for Russian biomass burning (anomalously large that year), and 23 for Southeast Asian biomass burning. We find that Asian anthropogenic emissions are the dominant source of Arctic CO pollution everywhere except in surface air where European anthropogenic emissions are of similar importance. Russian biomass burning makes little contribution to mean CO (reflecting the long CO lifetime) but makes a large contribution to CO variability in the form of combustion plumes. Analysis of two pollution events sampled by the aircraft demonstrates that AIRS can successfully observe pollution transport to the Arctic in the mid-troposphere. The 2003-2008 record of CO from AIRS shows that interannual variability averaged over the Arctic cap is very small. AIRS CO columns over Alaska are highly correlated with the Ocean Nino Index, suggesting a link between El Nino and Asian pollution transport to the Arctic. AIRS shows lower-than-average CO columns over Alaska during April 2008, despite the Russian fires, due to a weakened Aleutian Low hindering transport from Asia and associated with the moderate 2007-2008 La Nina. This suggests that Asian pollution influence over the Arctic may be particularly large under strong El Nino conditions. C1 [Fisher, J. A.; Jacob, D. J.; Purdy, M. T.; Kopacz, M.; Le Sager, P.; Carouge, C.; Holmes, C. D.; Yantosca, R. M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fisher, J. A.; Jacob, D. J.; Purdy, M. T.; Kopacz, M.; Le Sager, P.; Carouge, C.; Holmes, C. D.; Yantosca, R. M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Batchelor, R. L.; Strong, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Diskin, G. S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Fuelberg, H. E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Holloway, J. S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Holloway, J. S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Hyer, E. J.] USN, Res Lab, UCAR Visiting Scientist Program, Monterey, CA USA. [McMillan, W. W.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [McMillan, W. W.; Warner, J.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Streets, D. G.; Zhang, Q.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zhang, Q.] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wang, Y.] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wu, S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Wu, S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Fisher, JA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jafisher@fas.harvard.edu RI Strong, Kimberly/D-2563-2012; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Fisher, Jenny/J-3979-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Wang, Yuxuan/C-6902-2014; Holmes, Christopher/C-9956-2014; Yantosca, Robert/F-7920-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Carouge, Claire/A-4755-2012 OI Fisher, Jenny/0000-0002-2921-1691; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Wang, Yuxuan/0000-0002-1649-6974; Holmes, Christopher/0000-0002-2727-0954; Yantosca, Robert/0000-0003-3781-1870; Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350; Carouge, Claire/0000-0002-0313-8385 FU NASA; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Science; Canadian Foundation for Innovation; Canadian Space Agency; Environment Canada, Government of Canada; Ontario Research Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Northern Scientific Training Program; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Atlantic, Nova Scotia and Ontario Innovation Trusts; AIRS Project Office; National Defense Science and Engineering FX This work was supported by the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program and the NASA Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program. The FTS measurements at Eureka were made as part of the Canadian Arctic ACE validation campaigns and by the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change, supported by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Science, Canadian Foundation for Innovation, Canadian Space Agency, Environment Canada, Government of Canada International Polar Year funding, Ontario Research Fund, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Northern Scientific Training Program, Polar Continental Shelf Program, and the Atlantic, Nova Scotia and Ontario Innovation Trusts. WWM thanks the AIRS Project Office for support. JAF acknowledges support from a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship. NR 81 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 977 EP 996 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 554BH UT WOS:000274410000009 ER PT J AU Karpechko, AY Gillett, NP Hassler, B Rosenlof, KH Rozanov, E AF Karpechko, A. Yu. Gillett, N. P. Hassler, B. Rosenlof, K. H. Rozanov, E. TI Quantitative assessment of Southern Hemisphere ozone in chemistry-climate model simulations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT SIMULATION; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; TECHNICAL NOTE; WAVE ACTIVITY; ANNULAR MODE; IMPACT; STRATOSPHERE; VARIABILITY; AEROSOLS AB Stratospheric ozone recovery in the Southern Hemisphere is expected to drive pronounced trends in atmospheric temperature and circulation from the stratosphere to the troposphere in the 21st century; therefore ozone changes need to be accounted for in future climate simulations. Many climate models do not have interactive ozone chemistry and rely on prescribed ozone fields, which may be obtained from coupled chemistry-climate model (CCM) simulations. However CCMs vary widely in their predictions of ozone evolution, complicating the selection of ozone boundary conditions for future climate simulations. In order to assess which models might be expected to better simulate future ozone evolution, and thus provide more realistic ozone boundary conditions, we assess the ability of twelve CCMs to simulate observed ozone climatology and trends and rank the models according to their errors averaged across the individual diagnostics chosen. According to our analysis no one model performs better than the others in all the diagnostics; however, combining errors in individual diagnostics into one metric of model performance allows us to objectively rank the models. The multi-model average shows better overall agreement with the observations than any individual model. Based on this analysis we conclude that the multi-model average ozone projection presents the best estimate of future ozone evolution and recommend it for use as a boundary condition in future climate simulations. Our results also demonstrate a sensitivity of the analysis to the choice of reference data set for vertical ozone distribution over the Antarctic, highlighting the constraints that large observational uncertainty imposes on such model verification. C1 [Karpechko, A. Yu.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Hassler, B.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Hassler, B.; Rosenlof, K. H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Hassler, B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rozanov, E.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Rozanov, E.] World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observ, Davos, Switzerland. RP Karpechko, AY (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM alexey.karpechko@fmi.fi RI Hassler, Birgit/E-8987-2010; Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Hassler, Birgit/0000-0003-2724-709X; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; FU NERC [NE/E006787/1]; SPARC (Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate) FX This work is supported by NERC Project NE/E006787/1. We acknowledge the modeling groups for making their simulations available for this analysis, the Chemistry-Climate Model Validation Activity (CCMVal) for WCRP's (World Climate Research Programme) SPARC (Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate) project for organizing and coordinating the model data analysis activity, and the British Atmospheric Data Center (BADC) for collecting and archiving the CCMVal model output. We thank TOMS/SBUV team and W. Randel for making their data sets publicly available and also V. Eyring, M. Dameris, J. Scinocca, T. Reichler, and an anonymous reviewer for useful comments. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 1385 EP 1400 DI 10.5194/acp-10-1385-2010 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 554BH UT WOS:000274410000034 ER PT J AU Apel, EC Emmons, LK Karl, T Flocke, F Hills, AJ Madronich, S Lee-Taylor, J Fried, A Weibring, P Walega, J Richter, D Tie, X Mauldin, L Campos, T Weinheimer, A Knapp, D Sive, B Kleinman, L Springston, S Zaveri, R Ortega, J Voss, P Blake, D Baker, A Warneke, C Welsh-Bon, D de Gouw, J Zheng, J Zhang, R Rudolph, J Junkermann, W Riemer, DD AF Apel, E. C. Emmons, L. K. Karl, T. Flocke, F. Hills, A. J. Madronich, S. Lee-Taylor, J. Fried, A. Weibring, P. Walega, J. Richter, D. Tie, X. Mauldin, L. Campos, T. Weinheimer, A. Knapp, D. Sive, B. Kleinman, L. Springston, S. Zaveri, R. Ortega, J. Voss, P. Blake, D. Baker, A. Warneke, C. Welsh-Bon, D. de Gouw, J. Zheng, J. Zhang, R. Rudolph, J. Junkermann, W. Riemer, D. D. TI Chemical evolution of volatile organic compounds in the outflow of the Mexico City Metropolitan area SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PROTON-TRANSFER-REACTION; REACTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INTERCOMPARISON EXPERIMENT NOMHICE; CHARACTERIZING OZONE PRODUCTION; AIR-QUALITY; FORMALDEHYDE MEASUREMENTS; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; FIELD CAMPAIGNS; URBAN AIR; WRF-CHEM AB The volatile organic compound (VOC) distribution in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) and its evolution as it is uplifted and transported out of the MCMA basin was studied during the 2006 MILAGRO/MIRAGE-Mex field campaign. The results show that in the morning hours in the city center, the VOC distribution is dominated by non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) but with a substantial contribution from oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs), predominantly from primary emissions. Alkanes account for a large part of the NMHC distribution in terms of mixing ratios. In terms of reactivity, NMHCs also dominate overall, especially in the morning hours. However, in the afternoon, as the boundary layer lifts and air is mixed and aged within the basin, the distribution changes as secondary products are formed. The WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry) model and MOZART (Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers) were able to approximate the observed MCMA daytime patterns and absolute values of the VOC OH reactivity. The MOZART model is also in agreement with observations showing that NMHCs dominate the reactivity distribution except in the afternoon hours. The WRF-Chem and MOZART models showed higher reactivity than the experimental data during the nighttime cycle, perhaps indicating problems with the modeled nighttime boundary layer height. A northeast transport event was studied in which air originating in the MCMA was intercepted aloft with the Department of Energy (DOE) G1 on 18 March and downwind with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) C130 one day later on 19 March. A number of identical species measured aboard each aircraft gave insight into the chemical evolution of the plume as it aged and was transported as far as 1000 km downwind; ozone was shown to be photochemically produced in the plume. The WRF-Chem and MOZART models were used to examine the spatial extent and temporal evolution of the plume and to help interpret the observed OH reactivity. The model results generally showed good agreement with experimental results for the total VOC OH reactivity downwind and gave insight into the distributions of VOC chemical classes. A box model with detailed gas phase chemistry (NCAR Master Mechanism), initialized with concentrations observed at one of the ground sites in the MCMA, was used to examine the expected evolution of specific VOCs over a 1-2 day period. The models clearly supported the experimental evidence for NMHC oxidation leading to the formation of OVOCs downwind, which then become the primary fuel for ozone production far away from the MCMA. C1 [Apel, E. C.; Emmons, L. K.; Karl, T.; Flocke, F.; Hills, A. J.; Madronich, S.; Lee-Taylor, J.; Fried, A.; Weibring, P.; Walega, J.; Richter, D.; Tie, X.; Mauldin, L.; Campos, T.; Weinheimer, A.; Knapp, D.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Sive, B.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Kleinman, L.; Springston, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Zaveri, R.; Ortega, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Voss, P.] Smith Coll, Amherst, MA USA. [Voss, P.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Blake, D.; Baker, A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Warneke, C.; Welsh-Bon, D.; de Gouw, J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO USA. [Zheng, J.; Zhang, R.] Texas A&M, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. [Rudolph, J.] York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Junkermann, W.] Res Ctr Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, IMK IFU, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Riemer, D. D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Apel, EC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM apel@ucar.edu RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Baker, Angela /A-1666-2011; Zhang, Renyi/A-2942-2011; Lee-Taylor, Julia/B-7409-2008; Zheng, Jun/E-6772-2010; Junkermann, Wolfgang/A-7416-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Madronich, Sasha/D-3284-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Junkermann, Wolfgang/0000-0002-7461-3024; Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Lee-Taylor, Julia/0000-0003-0989-1113; Madronich, Sasha/0000-0003-0983-1313; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; Baker, Angela K./0000-0001-7845-422X; Zaveri, Rahul/0000-0001-9874-8807 FU NASA [NNG06GB29G]; National Science Foundation FX The authors would like to thank University of New Hampshire students Karl Haase, Rich Luciano, and Theresa Balanger for their incredible work with chromatograms. Thanks also to Geoff Tyndall and Rebecca Hornbrook for helpful discussions. We gratefully acknowledge the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program for funding this research (award number NNG06GB29G). The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 83 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 6 U2 59 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 5 BP 2353 EP 2375 DI 10.5194/acp-10-2353-2010 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 568ER UT WOS:000275505500018 ER PT J AU Sandu, I Stevens, B Pincus, R AF Sandu, I. Stevens, B. Pincus, R. TI On the transitions in marine boundary layer cloudiness SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CUMULUS TRANSITION; STRATOCUMULUS; MODIS; ASTEX; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATION; CLOUDS; MODEL AB Satellite observations and meteorological reanalysis are used to examine the transition from unbroken sheets of stratocumulus to fields of scattered cumulus, and the processes controlling them, in four subtropical oceans. A Lagrangian analysis suggests that both the transition, defined as the temporal evolution in cloudiness, and the processes driving the transition, are quite similar among the subtropical oceans. The increase in sea surface temperature and the associated decrease in lower tropospheric stability appear to play a far more important role in cloud evolution than other factors including changes in large scale divergence and upper tropospheric humidity. During the summer months, the transitions in marine boundary layer cloudiness appear so systematically that their characteristics obtained by documenting the flow of thousands of individual air masses are well reproduced by the mean (or climatological) fields of the different data sets. This highlights interesting opportunities for future observational and modeling studies of these transitions. C1 [Sandu, I.; Stevens, B.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Stevens, B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Pincus, R.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sandu, I (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. EM irina.sandu@zmaw.de RI Stevens, Bjorn/A-1757-2013; Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013 OI Stevens, Bjorn/0000-0003-3795-0475; Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470 FU Alexander von Humboldt foundation; Max Planck for Meterorology FX ECMWF ERA-INTERIM data used in this study have been obtained from the ECMWF data server (http://www.ecmwf.int/products/data/). AMSR-E data are provided by the Remote Sensing Systems (http://remss.com/amsr/amsrbrowse.html), and GPCP data have been obtained from the website http://precip.gsfc.nasa.gov/. Roland Draxler is thanked for his help with the HYSPLIT model provided by ARL-NOAA (http://ready.arl.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT.php). We also acknowledge Larry di Girolamo, Steve Ackerman and Steven Platnick for the clarifying discussions concerning the Level-3 MODIS cloud products, as well as Louise Nuijens, Johannes Quaas and three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful and constructive comments. This work was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt foundation and the Max Planck for Meterorology. NR 30 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 5 BP 2377 EP 2391 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 568ER UT WOS:000275505500019 ER PT J AU Rappengluck, B Dasgupta, PK Leuchner, M Li, Q Luke, W AF Rappenglueck, B. Dasgupta, P. K. Leuchner, M. Li, Q. Luke, W. TI Formaldehyde and its relation to CO, PAN, and SO2 in the Houston-Galveston airshed SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TEXAS AIR-QUALITY; ROME AMBIENT AIR; ATMOSPHERIC FORMALDEHYDE; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; URBAN; HYDROCARBON; EMISSIONS; ACETALDEHYDE; ALKENES; AREAS AB The Houston-Galveston Airshed (HGA) is one of the major metropolitan areas in the US that is classified as a nonattainment area of federal ozone standards. Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a key species in understanding ozone related air pollution; some of the highest HCHO concentrations in North America have been reported for the HGA. We report on HCHO measurements in the HGA from summer 2006. Among several sites, maximum HCHO mixing ratios were observed in the Houston Ship Channel (HSC), a region with a very high density of industrial/petrochemical operations. HCHO levels at the Moody Tower (MT) site close to downtown were dependent on the wind direction: southerly maritime winds brought in background levels (0.5-1 ppbv) while trajectories originating in the HSC resulted in high HCHO (up to 31.5 ppbv). Based on the best multiparametric linear regression model fit, the HCHO levels at the MT site can be accounted for as follows: 38.5 +/- 12.3% from primary vehicular emissions (using CO as an index of vehicular emission), 24.1 +/- 17.7% formed photochemically (using peroxyacetic nitric anhydride (PAN) as an index of photochemical activity) and 8.9 +/- 11.2% from industrial emissions (using SO2 as an index of industrial emissions). The balance 28.5 +/- 12.7% constituted the residual which cannot be easily ascribed to the above categories and/or which is transported into the HGA. The CO related HCHO fraction is dominant during the morning rush hour (06:00-09:00 h, all times are given in CDT); on a carbon basis, HCHO emissions are up to 0.7% of the CO emissions. The SO2 related HCHO fraction is significant between 09:00-12:00 h. After 12:00 h HCHO is largely formed through secondary processes. The HCHO/PAN ratios are dependent on the SO2 levels. The SO2 related HCHO fraction at the downtown site originates in the ship channel. Aside from traffic-related primary HCHO emissions, HCHO of industrial origin serves as an appreciable source for OH in the morning. C1 [Rappenglueck, B.; Leuchner, M.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Dasgupta, P. K.; Li, Q.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Chem, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Luke, W.] NOAA ARL, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Rappengluck, B (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. EM brappenglueck@uh.edu RI Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016; OI Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241; Leuchner, Michael/0000-0002-0927-2622 FU HARC; TCEQ FX The authors would like to thank the Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC) and Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) for their support. Special thanks to Leonardo Pedemonte and John Massingale for working on VOC data reduction as well as to Barry Lefer and James Flynn for the MT wind data. Backward trajectory analysis was provided by Beata Czader using the Real-time Interactive Trajectory System. NR 39 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 5 BP 2413 EP 2424 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 568ER UT WOS:000275505500021 ER PT J AU Fu, Q Solomon, S Lin, P AF Fu, Q. Solomon, S. Lin, P. TI On the seasonal dependence of tropical lower-stratospheric temperature trends SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; ANNUAL CYCLE; MODEL; OZONE; STRENGTH; CLIMATE; MSU AB This study examines the seasonality of tropical lower-stratospheric temperature trends using the Microwave Sounding Unit lower-stratospheric channel (T(4)) for 1980-2008. We present evidence that this seasonality is largely a response to changes in the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC) driven by extratropical wave forcing. We show how the tropical T(4) trend can be used as an indicator of changes in the BDC, and find that the BDC is strengthening for 1980-2008 in June-November related to the Southern Hemisphere (SH) and in December-February to the Northern Hemisphere (NH). In marked contrast, we find that the BDC is weakening in March-May, apparently because of a weakening of its northern cell. The novel observational evidence on the seasonal dependence of the BDC trends presented in this study has important implications for the understanding of climate change in the stratosphere as well as testing climate model simulations. C1 [Fu, Q.; Lin, P.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fu, Q.] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Solomon, S.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Fu, Q (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM qfu@atmos.washington.edu RI Lin, Pu/D-4393-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Lin, Pu/0000-0003-2577-6094; FU NOAA [NA08OAR4310725]; National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB428604]; NASA [NNX08AG91G, NNX08AF66G] FX We thank J. M. Wallace, K. H. Rosenlof and R. Ueyama for useful discussions. This work is supported by NOAA Grant NA08OAR4310725, National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB428604), and NASA Grants NNX08AG91G & NNX08AF66G. NR 34 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 6 BP 2643 EP 2653 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 576XA UT WOS:000276182100006 ER PT J AU Riemer, M Montgomery, MT Nicholls, ME AF Riemer, M. Montgomery, M. T. Nicholls, M. E. TI A new paradigm for intensity modification of tropical cyclones: thermodynamic impact of vertical wind shear on the inflow layer SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE-BONNIE 1998; HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATION; VORTEX ROSSBY-WAVES; PART I; SPIRAL BANDS; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; DYNAMICS; EYEWALL; MOTION; CORE AB An important roadblock to improved intensity forecasts for tropical cyclones (TCs) is our incomplete understanding of the interaction of a TC with the environmental flow. In this paper we re-visit the canonical problem of a TC in vertical wind shear on an f-plane. A suite of numerical experiments is performed with intense TCs in moderate to strong vertical shear. We employ a set of simplified model physics - a simple bulk aerodynamic boundary layer scheme and "warm rain" microphysics - to foster better understanding of the dynamics and thermodynamics that govern the modification of TC intensity. In all experiments the TC is resilient to shear but significant differences in the intensity evolution occur. The ventilation of the TC core with dry environmental air at mid-levels and the dilution of the upper-level warm core are two prevailing hypotheses for the adverse effect of vertical shear on storm intensity. Here we propose an alternative and arguably more effective mechanism how cooler and drier (lower theta(e)) air - "anti-fuel" for the TC power machine - can enter the core region of the TC. Strong and persistent, shear-induced downdrafts flux low theta(e) air into the boundary layer from above, significantly depressing the theta(e) values in the storm's inflow layer. Air with lower theta(e) values enters the eyewall updrafts, considerably reducing eyewall theta(e) values in the azimuthal mean. When viewed from the perspective of an idealised Carnot-cycle heat engine a decrease of storm intensity can thus be expected. Although the Carnot cycle model is - if at all - only valid for stationary and axisymmetric TCs, a close association of the downward transport of low theta(e) into the boundary layer and the intensity evolution offers further evidence in support of our hypothesis. The downdrafts that flush the boundary layer with low theta(e) air are tied to a quasi-stationary, azimuthal wave number 1 convective asymmetry outside of the eyewall. This convective asymmetry and the associated downdraft pattern extends outwards to approximately 150 km. Downdrafts occur on the vortex scale and form when precipitation falls out from sloping updrafts and evaporates in the unsaturated air below. It is argued that, to zero order, the formation of the convective asymmetry is forced by frictional convergence associated with the azimuthal wave number 1 vortex Rossby wave structure of the outer-vortex tilt. This work points to an important connection between the thermodynamic impact in the near-core boundary layer and the asymmetric balanced dynamics governing the TC vortex evolution. C1 [Riemer, M.; Montgomery, M. T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Montgomery, M. T.] NOAAs Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. [Nicholls, M. E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Riemer, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mriemer@nps.edu RI Riemer, Michael/C-5491-2009 FU National Research Council; NFS [ATM-0649946, ATM-0715426]; ONR [N001408WR20129]; US Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California FX We appreciate collaboration with Kerry Emanuel (MIT) and insightful discussions with Jack Beven (NHC). This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Postgraduate School. This work is supported by NFS grants ATM-0649946 and ATM-0715426, the ONR grant N001408WR20129 and by the US Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. The comments from John Molinari, one anonymous reviewer, and Brian Tang have helped improve the presentation of our results. NR 57 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 4 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 7 BP 3163 EP 3188 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 583HD UT WOS:000276663600002 ER PT J AU Dommergue, A Sprovieri, F Pirrone, N Ebinghaus, R Brooks, S Courteaud, J Ferrari, CP AF Dommergue, A. Sprovieri, F. Pirrone, N. Ebinghaus, R. Brooks, S. Courteaud, J. Ferrari, C. P. TI Overview of mercury measurements in the Antarctic troposphere SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER HALOGENS; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; SPRINGTIME DEPLETION; COASTAL ANTARCTICA; OZONE DEPLETION; GASEOUS MERCURY; AMBIENT AIR; SOUTH-POLE; MACE HEAD; SNOW AB Polar ecosystems are considered to be the last pristine environments of the earth relatively uninfluenced by human activities. Antarctica in particular, compared to the Arctic is considered to be even less affected by any kind of anthropogenic influences. Once contaminants reach the Polar Regions, their lifetime in the troposphere depends on local removal processes. Atmospheric mercury, in particular, has unique characteristics that include long-range transport to Polar Regions and the transformation to more toxic and water-soluble compounds that may potentially become bioavailable. These chemical-physical properties have placed mercury on the priority list of an increasing number of International, European and National conventions, and agreements, aimed at the protection of the ecosystems including human health (i.e. GEO, UNEP, AMAP, UNECE, HELCOM, OSPAR). This interest, in turn, stimulates a significant amount of research including measurements of gaseous elemental mercury reaction rate constant with atmospheric oxidants, experimental and modelling studies in order to understand the cycling of mercury in Polar Regions, and its impact to these ecosystems. Special attention in terms of contamination of Polar Regions is paid to the consequences of the springtime phenomena, referred to as "Atmospheric Mercury Depletion Events" (AMDEs), during which elemental mercury through a series of photochemically-initiated reactions involving halogens, may be converted to a reactive form that may accumulate in polar coastal, or sea ice, ecosystems. The discovery of the AMDEs, first noted in the Arctic, has also been observed at both poles and was initially considered to result in an important net input of atmospheric mercury into the polar surfaces. However, recent studies point out that complex processes take place after deposition that may result in less significant net-inputs from the atmosphere since a fraction, sometimes significant, of deposited mercury may be recycled. Therefore, the contribution of this unique reactivity occurring in polar atmospheres to the global budget of atmospheric mercury, and the role played by snow and ice surfaces of these regions, are important issues. This paper presents a review of atmospheric mercury studies conducted in the Antarctic troposphere, both at coastal locations and on the Antarctic Plateau since 1985. Our current understanding of atmospheric reactivity in this region is also presented. C1 [Dommergue, A.; Courteaud, J.; Ferrari, C. P.] Univ Joseph Fourier Grenoble, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, CNRS, UMR 5183, F-38400 St Martin Dheres, France. [Sprovieri, F.; Pirrone, N.] CNR, Inst Atmospher Pollut Res, Div Rende, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Ebinghaus, R.] GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Inst Coastal Res, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. [Brooks, S.] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Air Resources Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Dommergue, A (reprint author), Univ Joseph Fourier Grenoble, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, CNRS, UMR 5183, 54 Rue Moliere, F-38400 St Martin Dheres, France. EM dommergue@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr RI Dommergue, Aurelien/A-2829-2009 OI Dommergue, Aurelien/0000-0002-8185-9604 FU ANR VMC FX AD, JC, CF want to acknowledge the French Polar Institute IPEV (program Glaciologie 902) for logistical supports and the ANR VMC (VANISH) for funding. NR 55 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 7 BP 3309 EP 3319 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 583HD UT WOS:000276663600011 ER PT J AU Matrosov, SY AF Matrosov, S. Y. TI Synergetic use of millimeter- and centimeter-wavelength radars for retrievals of cloud and rainfall parameters SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION MEASUREMENT PROGRAM; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; DOPPLER RADAR; REFLECTIVITY; ICE AB A remote sensing approach for simultaneous retrievals of cloud and rainfall parameters in the vertical column above the US Department of Energy's (DOE) Climate Research Facility at the Tropical Western Pacific (TWP) Darwin site in Australia is described. This approach uses vertically pointing measurements from a DOE K(a)-band radar and scanning measurements from a nearby C-band radar pointing toward the TWP Darwin site. Rainfall retrieval constraints are provided by data from a surface impact disdrometer. The approach is applicable to stratiform precipitating cloud systems when a separation between the liquid hydrometeor layer, which contains rainfall and liquid water clouds, and the ice hydrometeor layer is provided by the radar bright band. Absolute C-band reflectivities and K(a)-band vertical reflectivity gradients in the liquid layer are used for retrievals of the mean layer rain rate and cloud liquid water path (CLWP). C-band radar reflectivities are also used to estimate ice water path (IWP) in regions above the melting layer. The retrieval uncertainties of CLWP and IWP for typical stratiform precipitation systems are about 500-800 g m(-2) (for CLWP) and a factor of 2 (for IWP). The CLWP retrieval uncertainties increase with rain rate, so retrievals for higher rain rates may be impractical. The expected uncertainties of layer mean rain rate retrievals are around 20%, which, in part, is due to constraints available from the disdrometer data. The applicability of the suggested approach is illustrated for two characteristic events observed at the TWP Darwin site during the wet season of 2007. A future deployment of W-band radars at the DOE tropical Climate Research Facilities can improve CLWP estimation accuracies and provide retrievals for a wider range of stratiform precipitating cloud events. C1 [Matrosov, S. Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matrosov, S. Y.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Matrosov, SY (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sergey.matrosov@noaa.gov FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER63954] FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG02-05ER63954. The author thanks M. Whimpey, P. May and A. Protat from the Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research for providing C-POL data. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 7 BP 3321 EP 3331 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 583HD UT WOS:000276663600012 ER PT J AU Millet, DB Guenther, A Siegel, DA Nelson, NB Singh, HB de Gouw, JA Warneke, C Williams, J Eerdekens, G Sinha, V Karl, T Flocke, F Apel, E Riemer, DD Palmer, PI Barkley, M AF Millet, D. B. Guenther, A. Siegel, D. A. Nelson, N. B. Singh, H. B. de Gouw, J. A. Warneke, C. Williams, J. Eerdekens, G. Sinha, V. Karl, T. Flocke, F. Apel, E. Riemer, D. D. Palmer, P. I. Barkley, M. TI Global atmospheric budget of acetaldehyde: 3-D model analysis and constraints from in-situ and satellite observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; EDDY COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; BIOMASS-BURNING EMISSIONS; OXYGENATED VOC EMISSIONS; AIR-SEA EXCHANGE; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; UNITED-STATES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TROPICAL PACIFIC; PEROXY-RADICALS AB We construct a global atmospheric budget for acetaldehyde using a 3-D model of atmospheric chemistry (GEOS-Chem), and use an ensemble of observations to evaluate present understanding of its sources and sinks. Hydrocarbon oxidation provides the largest acetaldehyde source in the model (128 Tg a(-1), a factor of 4 greater than the previous estimate), with alkanes, alkenes, and ethanol the main precursors. There is also a minor source from isoprene oxidation. We use an updated chemical mechanism for GEOSChem, and photochemical acetaldehyde yields are consistent with the Master Chemical Mechanism. We present a new approach to quantifying the acetaldehyde air-sea flux based on the global distribution of light absorption due to colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) derived from satellite ocean color observations. The resulting net ocean emission is 57 Tg a(-1), the second largest global source of acetaldehyde. A key uncertainty is the acetaldehyde turnover time in the ocean mixed layer, with quantitative model evaluation over the ocean complicated by known measurement artifacts in clean air. Simulated concentrations in surface air over the ocean generally agree well with aircraft measurements, though the model tends to overestimate the vertical gradient. PAN: NOx ratios are well-simulated in the marine boundary layer, providing some support for the modeled ocean source. We introduce the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGANv2.1) for acetaldehyde and ethanol and use it to quantify their net flux from living terrestrial plants. Including emissions from decaying plants the total direct acetaldehyde source from the land biosphere is 23 Tg a(-1). Other terrestrial acetaldehyde sources include biomass burning (3 Tg a(-1)) and anthropogenic emissions (2 Tg a(-1)). Simulated concentrations in the continental boundary layer are generally unbiased and capture the spatial gradients seen in observations over North America, Europe, and tropical South America. However, the model underestimates acetaldehyde levels in urban outflow, suggesting a missing source in polluted air. Ubiquitous high measured concentrations in the free troposphere are not captured by the model, and based on present understanding are not consistent with concurrent measurements of PAN and NOx: we find no compelling evidence for a widespread missing acetaldehyde source in the free troposphere. We estimate the current US source of ethanol and acetaldehyde (primary + secondary) at 1.3 Tg a(-1) and 7.8 Tg a(-1), approximately 60% and 480% of the corresponding increases expected for a national transition from gasoline to ethanol fuel. C1 [Millet, D. B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Guenther, A.; Karl, T.; Flocke, F.; Apel, E.] NCAR, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO USA. [Siegel, D. A.; Nelson, N. B.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Singh, H. B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [de Gouw, J. A.; Warneke, C.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Williams, J.; Eerdekens, G.; Sinha, V.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Riemer, D. D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Palmer, P. I.; Barkley, M.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Millet, DB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dbm@umn.edu RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Palmer, Paul/F-7008-2010; Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Sinha, Vinayak/C-2309-2009; Siegel, David/C-5587-2008; Nelson, Norman/B-7343-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Sinha, Vinayak/0000-0002-5508-0779; Nelson, Norman/0000-0003-1767-7598; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; FU NERC [NE/D001471] FX We gratefully acknowledge the science teams for the GABRIEL, INTEX-A, INTEX-B, ITCT-2K2, ITCT-2K4, MILAGRO, PEM-TB, TEXAQS-II, and TROFFEE aircraft experiments. Particular thanks go to B. Brune, X. Ren, J. Mao, T. Ryerson, G. Huey, A. Weinheimer, and R. Cohen for the use of their airborne NO and NO2 measurements. MPB and PIP acknowledge funding from NERC (grant NE/D001471). NR 125 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 7 U2 66 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 7 BP 3405 EP 3425 DI 10.5194/acp-10-3405-2010 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 583HD UT WOS:000276663600019 ER PT J AU Lack, DA Cappa, CD AF Lack, D. A. Cappa, C. D. TI Impact of brown and clear carbon on light absorption enhancement, single scatter albedo and absorption wavelength dependence of black carbon SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; SUBSTANCES HULIS; CROSS-SECTION; CAVITY RING; PARTICLES; BIOMASS; HYGROSCOPICITY; EXTINCTION; COMBUSTION AB The presence of clear coatings on atmospheric black carbon (BC) particles is known to enhance the magnitude of light absorption by the BC cores. Based on calculations using core/shell Mie theory, we demonstrate that the enhancement of light absorption (E-Abs) by atmospheric black carbon (BC) when it is coated in mildly absorbing material (C-Brown) is reduced relative to the enhancement induced by non-absorbing coatings (C-Clear). This reduction, sensitive to both the C-Brown coating thickness and imaginary refractive index (RI), can be up to 50% for 400 nm radiation and 25% averaged across the visible radiation spectrum for reasonable core/shell diameters. The enhanced direct radiative forcing possible due to the enhancement effect of C-Clear is therefore reduced if the coating is absorbing. Additionally, the need to explicitly treat BC as an internal, as opposed to external, mixture with C-Brown is shown to be important to the calculated single scatter albedo only when models treat BC as large spherical cores (> 50 nm). For smaller BC cores (or fractal agglomerates) consideration of the BC and C-Brown as an external mixture leads to relatively small errors in the particle single scatter albedo of < 0.03. It has often been assumed that observation of an absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE)> 1 indicates absorption by a non-BC aerosol. Here, it is shown that BC cores coated in C-Clear can reasonably have an AAE of up to 1.6, a result that complicates the attribution of observed light absorption to C-Brown within ambient particles. However, an AAE < 1.6 does not exclude the possibility of C-Brown; rather C-Brown cannot be confidently assigned unless AAE > 1.6. Comparison of these model results to various ambient AAE measurements demonstrates that large-scale attribution of C-Brown is a challenging task using current in-situ measurement methods. We suggest that coincident measurements of particle core and shell sizes along with the AAE may be necessary to distinguish absorbing and non-absorbing OC. C1 [Lack, D. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Lack, D. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cappa, C. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lack, DA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. EM daniel.lack@noaa.gov RI Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NOAA FX Funded through NOAA's Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program within the Climate Program Office. NR 50 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 9 U2 87 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 9 BP 4207 EP 4220 DI 10.5194/acp-10-4207-2010 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 595HQ UT WOS:000277601700008 ER PT J AU Lin, M Holloway, T Carmichael, GR Fiore, AM AF Lin, M. Holloway, T. Carmichael, G. R. Fiore, A. M. TI Quantifying pollution inflow and outflow over East Asia in spring with regional and global models SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; TRACE-P EXPERIMENT; AIR-POLLUTION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE MODEL; INTEX-B; TRANSPACIFIC TRANSPORT; ACIDIFYING SUBSTANCES; CONVECTIVE-TRANSPORT AB Understanding the exchange processes between the atmospheric boundary layer and the free troposphere is crucial for estimating hemispheric transport of air pollution. Most studies of hemispheric air pollution transport have taken a large-scale perspective using global chemical transport models with fairly coarse spatial and temporal resolutions. In support of United Nations Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (TF HTAP; < a href='www.htap.org'target='_blank'> www.htap.org ), this study employs two high-resolution atmospheric chemistry models (WRF-Chem and CMAQ; 36x36 km) driven with chemical boundary conditions from a global model (MOZART; 1.9x1.9 degrees) to examine the role of fine-scale transport and chemistry processes in controlling pollution export and import over the Asian continent in spring (March 2001). Our analysis indicates the importance of rapid venting through deep convection that develops along the leading edge of frontal system convergence bands, which are not adequately resolved in either of two global models compared with TRACE-P aircraft observations during a frontal event. Both regional model simulations and observations show that frontal outflows of CO, O-3 and PAN can extend to the upper troposphere (6-9 km). Pollution plumes in the global MOZART model are typically diluted and insufficiently lofted to higher altitudes where they can undergo more efficient transport in stronger winds. We use sensitivity simulations that perturb chemical boundary conditions in the CMAQ regional model to estimate that the O-3 production over East Asia (EA) driven by PAN decomposition contributes 20% of the spatial averaged total O-3 response to European (EU) emission perturbations in March, and occasionally contributes approximately 50% of the total O-3 response in subsiding plumes at mountain observatories (at approximately 2 km altitude). The response to decomposing PAN of EU origin is strongly affected by the O-3 formation chemical regimes, which vary with the model chemical mechanism and NOx/VOC emissions. Our high-resolution models demonstrate a large spatial variability (by up to a factor of 6) in the response of local O-3 to 20% reductions in EU anthropogenic O-3 precursor emissions. The response in the highly populated Asian megacities is 40-50% lower in our high-resolution models than the global model, suggesting that the source-receptor relationships inferred from the global coarse-resolution models likely overestimate health impacts associated with intercontinental O-3 transport. Our results highlight the important roles of rapid convective transport, orographic forcing, urban photochemistry and heterogeneous boundary layer processes in controlling intercontinental transport; these processes may not be well resolved in the large-scale models. C1 [Lin, M.; Holloway, T.] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Sustainabil & Global Environm, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Carmichael, G. R.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA USA. [Fiore, A. M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Lin, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Sustainabil & Global Environm, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mlin26@wisc.edu RI Lin, Meiyun/D-6107-2013 OI Lin, Meiyun/0000-0003-3852-3491 FU NASA [NNX07AL36G] FX Meiyun Lin and Tracey Holloway were supported on this work by NASA grant NNX07AL36G. TRACE-P data were obtained from NASA Langley Research Center. We are grateful to the Acid Deposition and Oxidants Research Center (ADORC) in Japan for providing EANET data. We thank Claus Moberg and three reviewers for helpful comments in improving the previous version of this manuscript. NR 90 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 33 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 9 BP 4221 EP 4239 DI 10.5194/acp-10-4221-2010 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 595HQ UT WOS:000277601700009 ER PT J AU Pozzer, A Pollmann, J Taraborrelli, D Jockel, P Helmig, D Tans, P Hueber, J Lelieveld, J AF Pozzer, A. Pollmann, J. Taraborrelli, D. Joeckel, P. Helmig, D. Tans, P. Hueber, J. Lelieveld, J. TI Observed and simulated global distribution and budget of atmospheric C-2-C-5 alkanes SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SUBMODEL SYSTEM MESSY; ADJOINT SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL KINETIC SYSTEMS; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; TECHNICAL NOTE; CONSISTENT SIMULATION AB The primary sources and atmospheric chemistry of C-2-C-5 alkanes were incorporated into the atmospheric chemistry general circulation model EMAC. Model output is compared with new observations from the NOAA/ESRL GMD Cooperative Air Sampling Network. Based on the global coverage of the data, two different anthropogenic emission datasets for C-4-C-5 alkanes, widely used in the modelling community, are evaluated. We show that the model reproduces the main atmospheric features of the C-2-C-5 alkanes (e.g., seasonality). While the simulated values for ethane and propane are within a 20% range of the measurements, larger deviations are found for the other tracers. According to the analysis, an oceanic source of butanes and pentanes larger than the current estimates would be necessary to match the observations at some coastal stations. Finally the effect of C-2-C-5 alkanes on the concentration of acetone and acetaldehyde are assessed. Their chemical sources are largely controlled by the reaction with OH, while the reactions with NO3 and Cl contribute only to a little extent. The total amount of acetone produced by propane, i-butane and i-pentane oxidation is 11.2 Tg/yr, 4.3 Tg/yr, and 5.8 Tg/yr, respectively. Moreover, 18.1, 3.1, 3.4, 1.4 and 4.8 Tg/yr of acetaldehyde are formed by the oxidation of ethane, propane, n-butane, n-pentane and i-pentane, respectively. C1 [Pozzer, A.; Lelieveld, J.] Cyprus Inst, Energy Environm & Water Res Ctr, CY-1645 Nicosia, Cyprus. [Pozzer, A.; Pollmann, J.; Taraborrelli, D.; Joeckel, P.; Lelieveld, J.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Air Chem Dept, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. [Helmig, D.; Hueber, J.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tans, P.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Pozzer, A (reprint author), Cyprus Inst, Energy Environm & Water Res Ctr, PO 27456, CY-1645 Nicosia, Cyprus. EM pozzer@cyi.ac.cy RI Jockel, Patrick/C-3687-2009; Pozzer, Andrea/L-4872-2013; Taraborrelli, Domenico/O-8668-2015; Lelieveld, Johannes/A-1986-2013 OI Jockel, Patrick/0000-0002-8964-1394; Pozzer, Andrea/0000-0003-2440-6104; Taraborrelli, Domenico/0000-0003-2213-6307; NR 94 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 32 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 9 BP 4403 EP 4422 DI 10.5194/acp-10-4403-2010 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 595HQ UT WOS:000277601700020 ER PT J AU Ng, NL Canagaratna, MR Zhang, Q Jimenez, JL Tian, J Ulbrich, IM Kroll, JH Docherty, KS Chhabra, PS Bahreini, R Murphy, SM Seinfeld, JH Hildebrandt, L Donahue, NM DeCarlo, PF Lanz, VA Prevot, ASH Dinar, E Rudich, Y Worsnop, DR AF Ng, N. L. Canagaratna, M. R. Zhang, Q. Jimenez, J. L. Tian, J. Ulbrich, I. M. Kroll, J. H. Docherty, K. S. Chhabra, P. S. Bahreini, R. Murphy, S. M. Seinfeld, J. H. Hildebrandt, L. Donahue, N. M. DeCarlo, P. F. Lanz, V. A. Prevot, A. S. H. Dinar, E. Rudich, Y. Worsnop, D. R. TI Organic aerosol components observed in Northern Hemispheric datasets from Aerosol Mass Spectrometry SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; HIGH-RESOLUTION; PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; BIOGENIC PRECURSORS; ATMOSPHERIC HULIS; HYDROXYL RADICALS; HYDROCARBON-LIKE; ALPHA-PINENE AB In this study we compile and present results from the factor analysis of 43 Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) datasets (27 of the datasets are reanalyzed in this work). The components from all sites, when taken together, provide a holistic overview of Northern Hemisphere organic aerosol (OA) and its evolution in the atmosphere. At most sites, the OA can be separated into oxygenated OA (OOA), hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), and sometimes other components such as biomass burning OA (BBOA). We focus on the OOA components in this work. In many analyses, the OOA can be further deconvolved into low-volatility OOA (LV-OOA) and semi-volatile OOA (SV-OOA). Differences in the mass spectra of these components are characterized in terms of the two main ions m/z 44 (CO2+) and m/z 43 (mostly C2H3O+), which are used to develop a new mass spectral diagnostic for following the aging of OA components in the atmosphere. The LV-OOA component spectra have higher f(44) (ratio of m/z 44 to total signal in the component mass spectrum) and lower f(43) (ratio of m/z 43 to total signal in the component mass spectrum) than SV-OOA. A wide range of f(44) and O:C ratios are observed for both LV-OOA (0.17 +/- 0.04, 0.73 +/- 0.14) and SV-OOA (0.07 +/- 0.04, 0.35 +/- 0.14) components, reflecting the fact that there is a continuum of OOA properties in ambient aerosol. The OOA components (OOA, LV-OOA, and SV-OOA) from all sites cluster within a well-defined triangular region in the f(44) vs.\ f(43) space, which can be used as a standardized means for comparing and characterizing any OOA components (laboratory or ambient) observed with the AMS. Examination of the OOA components in this triangular space indicates that OOA component spectra become increasingly similar to each other and to fulvic acid and HULIS sample spectra as f(44) (a surrogate for O:C and an indicator of photochemical aging) increases. This indicates that ambient OA converges towards highly aged LV-OOA with atmospheric oxidation. The common features of the transformation between SV-OOA and LV-OOA at multiple sites potentially enable a simplified description of the oxidation of OA in the atmosphere. Comparison of laboratory SOA data with ambient OOA indicates that laboratory SOA are more similar to SV-OOA and rarely become as oxidized as ambient LV-OOA, likely due to the higher loadings employed in the experiments and/or limited oxidant exposure in most chamber experiments. C1 [Ng, N. L.; Canagaratna, M. R.; Kroll, J. H.; Worsnop, D. R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Zhang, Q.; Tian, J.] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.; Ulbrich, I. M.; Docherty, K. S.; Bahreini, R.; DeCarlo, P. F.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.; Ulbrich, I. M.; Docherty, K. S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kroll, J. H.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Chhabra, P. S.; Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bahreini, R.; Murphy, S. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Hildebrandt, L.; Donahue, N. M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Atmospher Particle Studies, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [DeCarlo, P. F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [DeCarlo, P. F.; Lanz, V. A.; Prevot, A. S. H.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, Villigen, Switzerland. [Dinar, E.; Rudich, Y.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Canagaratna, MR (reprint author), Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. EM mrcana@aerodyne.com RI Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Rudich, Yinon/K-1498-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Donahue, Neil/A-2329-2008; DeCarlo, Peter/B-2118-2008; Prevot, Andre/C-6677-2008; Hildebrandt Ruiz, Lea/A-4236-2010; Zhang, Qi/F-9653-2010 OI Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Rudich, Yinon/0000-0003-3149-0201; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Donahue, Neil/0000-0003-3054-2364; DeCarlo, Peter/0000-0001-6385-7149; Prevot, Andre/0000-0002-9243-8194; FU NOAA [NA05OAR4310102, AB133R04SE0480, RA1330-02-SE-015O, NA08OAR4310565]; DOE [DE-FGOZ-O5ER63982, DEFG0208ER64627, DEFG02-08ER64627]; NSF [ATM-0528170, ATM-0919189]; USA-Israel bi-national science foundation (BSF) [2008146] FX Aerodyne Research acknowledges the following funding for various field campaigns: ICARTT (NOAA NA05OAR4310102); NEAQS (NOAA AB133R04SE0480, NOAA RA1330-02-SE-015O); MILARGO (DOE DE-FGOZ-O5ER63982, NSF ATM-0528170). Y. Rudich and J. L. Jimenez acknowledge the financial support of the USA-Israel bi-national science foundation (BSF grant #2008146). I. M. Ulbrich, K. S. Docherty, P. F. DeCarlo, and J. L. Jimenez are grateful for funding from NOAA NA08OAR4310565, NSF ATM-0919189 and DOE DEFG0208ER64627. Q. Zhang acknowledges the support from the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program (Office of Science, BER), Grant no. DEFG02-08ER64627. The authors would like to acknowledge U. Baltensperger, P. J. Ziemann, and L. M. Russell for helpful discussions. We acknowledge the contributions of the following individuals to recently published datasets included in Lanz et al. (2009): Crete (G. J. Engelhart, C. Mohr, and E. Kostenidou); Grenoble (O. Favez, C. George, and B. D'Anna); Rhine Valley (C. Mohr and S. Weimer). We also thank the many other research groups and individuals who contributed datasets included in this work (individual publications are acknowledged in the Tables S1 and S2 in the supplementary material: http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/4625/2010/acp-10-4625-2010-supplement. pdf. NR 88 TC 356 Z9 362 U1 24 U2 156 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 10 BP 4625 EP 4641 DI 10.5194/acp-10-4625-2010 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 603CE UT WOS:000278184700013 ER PT J AU Wyant, MC Wood, R Bretherton, CS Mechoso, CR Bacmeister, J Balmaseda, MA Barrett, B Codron, F Earnshaw, P Fast, J Hannay, C Kaiser, JW Kitagawa, H Klein, SA Kohler, M Manganello, J Pan, HL Sun, F Wang, S Wang, Y AF Wyant, M. C. Wood, R. Bretherton, C. S. Mechoso, C. R. Bacmeister, J. Balmaseda, M. A. Barrett, B. Codron, F. Earnshaw, P. Fast, J. Hannay, C. Kaiser, J. W. Kitagawa, H. Klein, S. A. Koehler, M. Manganello, J. Pan, H. -L. Sun, F. Wang, S. Wang, Y. TI The PreVOCA experiment: modeling the lower troposphere in the Southeast Pacific SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; LAYER MIXING SCHEME; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; LIQUID WATER PATH; PART I; CLIMATE MODEL; MICROPHYSICAL PROCESSES; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; OROGRAPHIC INFLUENCES AB The Preliminary VOCALS Model Assessment (PreVOCA) aims to assess contemporary atmospheric modeling of the subtropical South East Pacific, with a particular focus on the clouds and the marine boundary layer (MBL). Models results from fourteen modeling centers were collected including operational forecast models, regional models, and global climate models for the month of October 2006. Forecast models and global climate models produced daily forecasts, while most regional models were run continuously during the study period, initialized and forced at the boundaries with global model analyses. Results are compared in the region from 40 degrees S to the equator and from 110 degrees W to 70 degrees W, corresponding to the Pacific coast of South America. Mean-monthly model surface winds agree well with QuikSCAT observed winds and models agree fairly well on mean weak large-scale subsidence in the region next to the coast. However they have greatly differing geographic patterns of mean cloud fraction with only a few models agreeing well with MODIS observations. Most models also underestimate the MBL depth by several hundred meters in the eastern part of the study region. The diurnal cycle of liquid water path is underestimated by most models at the 85 degrees W 20 degrees S stratus buoy site compared with satellite, consistent with previous modeling studies. The low cloud fraction is also underestimated during all parts of the diurnal cycle compared to surface-based climatologies. Most models qualitatively capture the MBL deepening around 15 October 2006 at the stratus buoy, associated with colder air at 700 hPa. C1 [Wyant, M. C.; Wood, R.; Bretherton, C. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mechoso, C. R.; Wang, S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Bacmeister, J.] NASA, Global Modeling & Assimiliat Off, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Balmaseda, M. A.; Kaiser, J. W.; Koehler, M.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Dept Res, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Barrett, B.] Univ Chile, Dept Geophys, Santiago, Chile. [Codron, F.] Univ Paris 06, Meteorol Dynam Lab, Paris, France. [Earnshaw, P.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Fast, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hannay, C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Kitagawa, H.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Coll, Tokyo, Japan. [Klein, S. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA. [Manganello, J.] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA. [Pan, H. -L.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Wang, S.] USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Wang, Y.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Wyant, MC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mwyant@atmos.washington.edu RI Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016; Earnshaw, Paul/F-7148-2010; Earnshaw, Paul/A-3289-2009; Wood, Robert/A-2989-2008; Kaiser, Johannes/A-7057-2012; Codron, Francis/F-2719-2014 OI Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X; Wood, Robert/0000-0002-1401-3828; Kaiser, Johannes/0000-0003-3696-9123; Codron, Francis/0000-0001-7038-6189 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science; US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; NASA [NX06AB74G]; NSF [ATM0745702]; NOAA [NA070AR4310282] FX Thanks to D. Painemal and P. Zuidema for providing MODIS retrieved cloud-top heights. Also thanks to S. Park who provided his gridded EECRA data. COSMIC data was provided by B. Kuo. Many thanks to L. O'Neill at NRL who provided diurnal fits and monthly mean of LWP from satellite. CALIPSO cloud top-height data was provided by D. Wu of the Ocean University of China. Thanks also to Virendra Ghate for providing diurnal cloud fraction data. QuikSCAT data are produced by Remote Sensing Systems and sponsored by the NASA Ocean Vector Winds Science Team. S. deSzoeke's archive of ship observations was very helpful to this work. The ISCCP FD data were obtained from the ISCCP web site http://isccp.giss.nasa.gov maintained at NASA GISS. S. A. Klein acknowledges M. Zhao (GFDL) for performing GFDL model integrations, J. Boyle (LLNL) for preparing analysis data, and the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science Climate Change Prediction and Atmospheric Radiation Measurement programs for financial support. The contribution of S. A. Klein to this work is performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. We acknowledge the support of NASA award No. NX06AB74G for C. Hannay. This work was also supported by NSF grant ATM0745702 and NOAA grant NA070AR4310282. NR 65 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 10 BP 4757 EP 4774 DI 10.5194/acp-10-4757-2010 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 603CE UT WOS:000278184700022 ER PT J AU Spracklen, DV Carslaw, KS Merikanto, J Mann, GW Reddington, CL Pickering, S Ogren, JA Andrews, E Baltensperger, U Weingartner, E Boy, M Kulmala, M Laakso, L Lihavainen, H Kivekas, N Komppula, M Mihalopoulos, N Kouvarakis, G Jennings, SG O'Dowd, C Birmili, W Wiedensohler, A Weller, R Gras, J Laj, P Sellegri, K Bonn, B Krejci, R Laaksonen, A Hamed, A Minikin, A Harrison, RM Talbot, R Sun, J AF Spracklen, D. V. Carslaw, K. S. Merikanto, J. Mann, G. W. Reddington, C. L. Pickering, S. Ogren, J. A. Andrews, E. Baltensperger, U. Weingartner, E. Boy, M. Kulmala, M. Laakso, L. Lihavainen, H. Kivekas, N. Komppula, M. Mihalopoulos, N. Kouvarakis, G. Jennings, S. G. O'Dowd, C. Birmili, W. Wiedensohler, A. Weller, R. Gras, J. Laj, P. Sellegri, K. Bonn, B. Krejci, R. Laaksonen, A. Hamed, A. Minikin, A. Harrison, R. M. Talbot, R. Sun, J. TI Explaining global surface aerosol number concentrations in terms of primary emissions and particle formation SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEATION MODE PARTICLES; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; SIZE-RESOLVED AEROSOL; ATMOSPHERIC SULFURIC-ACID; OFF-LINE MODEL; BOREAL FOREST; FREE TROPOSPHERE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; COASTAL ENVIRONMENT; REMOTE TROPOSPHERE AB We synthesised observations of total particle number (CN) concentration from 36 sites around the world. We found that annual mean CN concentrations are typically 300-2000 cm(-3) in the marine boundary layer and free troposphere (FT) and 1000-10 000 cm(-3) in the continental boundary layer (BL). Many sites exhibit pronounced seasonality with summer time concentrations a factor of 2-10 greater than wintertime concentrations. We used these CN observations to evaluate primary and secondary sources of particle number in a global aerosol microphysics model. We found that emissions of primary particles can reasonably reproduce the spatial pattern of observed CN concentration (R(2)=0.46) but fail to explain the observed seasonal cycle (R(2)=0.1). The modeled CN concentration in the FT was biased low (normalised mean bias, NMB=-88%) unless a secondary source of particles was included, for example from binary homogeneous nucleation of sulfuric acid and water (NMB=-25%). Simulated CN concentrations in the continental BL were also biased low (NMB=-74%) unless the number emission of anthropogenic primary particles was increased or a mechanism that results in particle formation in the BL was included. We ran a number of simulations where we included an empirical BL nucleation mechanism either using the activation-type mechanism (nucleation rate, J, proportional to gas-phase sulfuric acid concentration to the power one) or kinetic-type mechanism (J proportional to sulfuric acid to the power two) with a range of nucleation coefficients. We found that the seasonal CN cycle observed at continental BL sites was better simulated by BL particle formation (R(2)=0.3) than by increasing the number emission from primary anthropogenic sources (R(2)=0.18). The nucleation constants that resulted in best overall match between model and observed CN concentrations were consistent with values derived in previous studies from detailed case studies at individual sites. In our model, kinetic and activation-type nucleation parameterizations gave similar agreement with observed monthly mean CN concentrations. C1 [Spracklen, D. V.; Carslaw, K. S.; Merikanto, J.; Mann, G. W.; Reddington, C. L.; Pickering, S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Ogren, J. A.; Andrews, E.] NOAA, ESRL Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Baltensperger, U.; Weingartner, E.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Boy, M.; Kulmala, M.; Laakso, L.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [Lihavainen, H.; Kivekas, N.; Komppula, M.; Laaksonen, A.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Mihalopoulos, N.; Kouvarakis, G.] Univ Crete, Dept Chem, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. [Jennings, S. G.; O'Dowd, C.] Natl Univ Ireland, Dept Phys, Galway, Ireland. [Birmili, W.; Wiedensohler, A.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Weller, R.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Gras, J.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Laj, P.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, Grenoble, France. [Sellegri, K.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, Lab Meteorol Phys, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Bonn, B.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, Frankfurt, Germany. [Krejci, R.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci ITM, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Laaksonen, A.; Hamed, A.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Math & Phys, Kuopio, Finland. [Minikin, A.] Inst Phys Atmosphare, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Harrison, R. M.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Talbot, R.] Univ New Hampshire, Climate Change Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Sun, J.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, CMA, Ctr Atmosphere Watch & Serv, Key Lab Atmospher Chem, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Komppula, M.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Univ Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland. RP Spracklen, DV (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM dominick@env.leeds.ac.uk RI Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos/H-5327-2016; Kulmala, Markku/I-7671-2016; Merikanto, Joonas/B-1039-2008; Minikin, Andreas/A-3904-2011; Harrison, Roy/A-2256-2008; Laaksonen, Ari/B-5094-2011; Carslaw, Ken/C-8514-2009; Wiedensohler, Alfred/D-1223-2013; Krejci, Radovan/L-3257-2013; Spracklen, Dominick/B-4890-2014; Weingartner, Ernest/B-6793-2009; O'Dowd , Colin/K-8904-2012; Lihavainen, Heikki/N-4840-2014; Boy, Michael/C-2920-2015; Reddington, Carly/I-3390-2015; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos/0000-0002-1282-0896; Kulmala, Markku/0000-0003-3464-7825; Merikanto, Joonas/0000-0002-1145-2569; Minikin, Andreas/0000-0003-0999-4657; Harrison, Roy/0000-0002-2684-5226; Laaksonen, Ari/0000-0002-1657-2383; Carslaw, Ken/0000-0002-6800-154X; Krejci, Radovan/0000-0002-9384-9702; Weingartner, Ernest/0000-0002-2427-4634; O'Dowd , Colin/0000-0002-3068-2212; Boy, Michael/0000-0002-8107-4524; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 FU NERC [NE/D01395X/1]; EUCAARI FX This work was supported through an NERC Advanced Fellowship, NERC APPRAISE, NERC AEROFORM NE/D01395X/1 and EUCAARI. We acknowledge the UK Air Quality Archive (http://www.airquality.co.uk/), EU CREATE (http://tarantula.nilu.no/projects/ccc/create/), EU EUSAAR (http://ebas.nilu.no), Global Atmospheric Watch World Data Centre for Aerosols (http://wdca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/), Atmospheric Investigation, Regional, Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (AIRMAP) program (www.airmap.unh.edu), British Atmospheric Data Centre (http://badc.nerc.ac.uk/home/), US Department of Energy, Atmospheric Radiation Measurements program (ARM) for provision of data. NR 111 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 3 U2 62 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 10 BP 4775 EP 4793 DI 10.5194/acp-10-4775-2010 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 603CE UT WOS:000278184700023 ER PT J AU Ervens, B Cubison, MJ Andrews, E Feingold, G Ogren, JA Jimenez, JL Quinn, PK Bates, TS Wang, J Zhang, Q Coe, H Flynn, M Allan, JD AF Ervens, B. Cubison, M. J. Andrews, E. Feingold, G. Ogren, J. A. Jimenez, J. L. Quinn, P. K. Bates, T. S. Wang, J. Zhang, Q. Coe, H. Flynn, M. Allan, J. D. TI CCN predictions using simplified assumptions of organic aerosol composition and mixing state: a synthesis from six different locations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; SIZE-RESOLVED MEASUREMENTS; HYGROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GROWTH; PARTICLES; CHEMISTRY; CLOSURE AB An accurate but simple quantification of the fraction of aerosol particles that can act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) is needed for implementation in large-scale models. Data on aerosol size distribution, chemical composition, and CCN concentration from six different locations have been analyzed to explore the extent to which simple assumptions of composition and mixing state of the organic fraction can reproduce measured CCN number concentrations. Fresher pollution aerosol as encountered in Riverside, CA, and the ship channel in Houston, TX, cannot be represented without knowledge of more complex (size-resolved) composition. For aerosol that has experienced processing (Mexico City, Holme Moss (UK), Point Reyes (CA), and Chebogue Point (Canada)), CCN can be predicted within a factor of two assuming either externally or internally mixed soluble organics although these simplified compositions/mixing states might not represent the actual properties of ambient aerosol populations, in agreement with many previous CCN studies in the literature. Under typical conditions, a factor of two uncertainty in CCN concentration due to composition assumptions translates to an uncertainty of similar to 15% in cloud drop concentration, which might be adequate for large-scale models given the much larger uncertainty in cloudiness. C1 [Ervens, B.; Cubison, M. J.; Andrews, E.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ervens, B.; Andrews, E.; Feingold, G.; Ogren, J. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Quinn, P. K.; Bates, T. S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wang, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Zhang, Q.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Allan, J. D.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Ervens, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM barbara.ervens@noaa.gov RI Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Zhang, Qi/F-9653-2010; Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011; Allan, James/B-1160-2010; Coe, Hugh/C-8733-2013; Ervens, Barbara/D-5495-2013; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Coe, Hugh/0000-0002-3264-1713; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Allan, James/0000-0001-6492-4876; Ervens, Barbara/0000-0002-6223-1635; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583; FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER64539 (DE-FG02-08ER64627)] FX BE (MJC, JLJ and QZ) acknowledge funding from the U.S. Department of Energy (BER, ASP Program), Grant DE-FG02-08ER64539 (DE-FG02-08ER64627). NR 54 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 10 BP 4795 EP 4807 DI 10.5194/acp-10-4795-2010 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 603CE UT WOS:000278184700024 ER PT J AU Aydin, M Montzka, SA Battle, MO Williams, MB De Bruyn, WJ Butler, JH Verhulst, KR Tatum, C Gun, BK Plotkin, DA Hall, BD Saltzman, ES AF Aydin, M. Montzka, S. A. Battle, M. O. Williams, M. B. De Bruyn, W. J. Butler, J. H. Verhulst, K. R. Tatum, C. Gun, B. K. Plotkin, D. A. Hall, B. D. Saltzman, E. S. TI Post-coring entrapment of modern air in some shallow ice cores collected near the firn-ice transition: evidence from CFC-12 measurements in Antarctic firn air and ice cores SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED GAS-COMPOSITION; POLAR ICE; CARBONYL SULFIDE; GREENLAND ICE; SOUTH-POLE; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; RECORD; HALOCARBONS; O-2; CO2 AB In this study, we report measurements of CFC-12 (CCl2F2) in firn air and in air extracted from shallow ice cores from three Antarctic sites. The firn air data are consistent with the known atmospheric history of CFC-12. In contrast, some of the ice core samples collected near the firn-ice transition exhibit anomalously high CFC-12 levels. Together, the ice core and firn air data provide evidence for the presence of modern air entrapped in the shallow ice core samples that likely contained open pores at the time of collection. We propose that this is due to closure of the open pores after drilling, entrapping modern air and resulting in elevated CFC-12 mixing ratios. Our results reveal that open porosity can exist below the maximum depth at which firn air samples can be collected, particularly at sites with lower accumulation rates. CFC-12 measurements demonstrate that post-drilling closure of open pores can lead to a change in the composition of bubble air in shallow ice cores through purely physical processes. The results have implications for investigations involving trace gas composition of bubbles in shallow ice cores collected near the firn-ice transition. C1 [Aydin, M.; Verhulst, K. R.; Gun, B. K.; Saltzman, E. S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Montzka, S. A.; Butler, J. H.; Hall, B. D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Labs, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Battle, M. O.; Plotkin, D. A.] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [De Bruyn, W. J.] Chapman Univ, Schmid Coll Sci, Orange, CA USA. [Tatum, C.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Williams, M. B.] ICF Int, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Aydin, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. EM maydin@uci.edu RI Plotkin, David/M-3921-2013; OI Plotkin, David/0000-0002-8574-9111; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs [OPP-0440602, OPP-0338359, OPP-0636953, OPP-0440509] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs (OPP-0440602, OPP-0338359, OPP-0636953, and OPP-0440509). We thank Todd Sowers and Mark Drier for the density data from WAIS-D, Andy Clarke and Jay Kyne for the density data from SPO'01, and Greg Lamorey for the density data from Siple Dome. We thank Mary Albert for discussions during the preparation of the manuscript. We also thank ICDS and drillers for their assistance in recovery of ice cores, as well as Kent Anderson for the SPRESSO core, Siple Dome SCO for SDM-C core. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 11 BP 5135 EP 5144 DI 10.5194/acp-10-5135-2010 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 610PI UT WOS:000278745300010 ER PT J AU Naik, V Fiore, AM Horowitz, LW Singh, HB Wiedinmyer, C Guenther, A de Gouw, JA Millet, DB Goldan, PD Kuster, WC Goldstein, A AF Naik, V. Fiore, A. M. Horowitz, L. W. Singh, H. B. Wiedinmyer, C. Guenther, A. de Gouw, J. A. Millet, D. B. Goldan, P. D. Kuster, W. C. Goldstein, A. TI Observational constraints on the global atmospheric budget of ethanol SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PEROXY-RADICALS; EMISSIONS; ACETALDEHYDE; METHANOL; MODEL; TROPOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT AB Energy security and climate change concerns have led to the promotion of biomass-derived ethanol, an oxygenated volatile organic compound (OVOC), as a substitute for fossil fuels. Although ethanol is ubiquitous in the troposphere, our knowledge of its current atmospheric budget and distribution is limited. Here, for the first time we use a global chemical transport model in conjunction with atmospheric observations to place constraints on the ethanol budget, noting that additional measurements of ethanol (and its precursors) are still needed to enhance confidence in our estimated budget. Global sources of ethanol in the model include 5.0 Tg yr(-1) from industrial sources and biofuels, 9.2 Tg yr(-1) from terrestrial plants, similar to 0.5 Tg yr(-1) from biomass burning, and 0.05 Tg yr(-1) from atmospheric reactions of the ethyl peroxy radical (C2H5O2) with itself and with the methyl peroxy radical (CH3O2). The resulting atmospheric lifetime of ethanol in the model is 2.8 days. Gas-phase oxidation by the hydroxyl radical (OH) is the primary global sink of ethanol in the model (65%), followed by dry deposition (25%), and wet deposition (10%). Over continental areas, ethanol concentrations predominantly reflect direct anthropogenic and biogenic emission sources. Uncertainty in the biogenic ethanol emissions, estimated at a factor of three, may contribute to the 50% model underestimate of observations in the North American boundary layer. Current levels of ethanol measured in remote regions are an order of magnitude larger than those in the model, suggesting a major gap in understanding. Stronger constraints on the budget and distribution of ethanol and OVOCs are a critical step towards assessing the impacts of increasing the use of ethanol as a fuel. C1 [Naik, V.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Naik, V.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Singh, H. B.] NASA AMES, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Wiedinmyer, C.; Guenther, A.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [de Gouw, J. A.; Goldan, P. D.; Kuster, W. C.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [de Gouw, J. A.; Goldan, P. D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Millet, D. B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Goldstein, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naik, V (reprint author), NOAA, High Performance Technol Inc, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. EM vaishali.naik@noaa.gov RI Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; FU Princeton Environmental Institute at Princeton University; Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences at Princeton; NOAA/GFDL FX We thank Michael Oppenheimer for helpful discussions and Erin Czech for providing INTEX-B data. We are grateful to Hiram Levy and Song-Miao Fan for reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript. V. Naik was supported by the Carbon Mitigation Initiative (CMI) of the Princeton Environmental Institute at Princeton University (http://cmi.princeton.edu) which is sponsored by BP and Ford, and the visiting scientist program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences at Princeton and NOAA/GFDL. NR 43 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 12 BP 5361 EP 5370 DI 10.5194/acp-10-5361-2010 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 618YC UT WOS:000279391100006 ER PT J AU Xiao, X Prinn, RG Fraser, PJ Simmonds, PG Weiss, RF O'Doherty, S Miller, BR Salameh, PK Harth, CM Krummel, PB Porter, LW Muhle, J Greally, BR Cunnold, D Wang, R Montzka, SA Elkins, JW Dutton, GS Thompson, TM Butler, JH Hall, BD Reimann, S Vollmer, MK Stordal, F Lunder, C Maione, M Arduini, J Yokouchi, Y AF Xiao, X. Prinn, R. G. Fraser, P. J. Simmonds, P. G. Weiss, R. F. O'Doherty, S. Miller, B. R. Salameh, P. K. Harth, C. M. Krummel, P. B. Porter, L. W. Muehle, J. Greally, B. R. Cunnold, D. Wang, R. Montzka, S. A. Elkins, J. W. Dutton, G. S. Thompson, T. M. Butler, J. H. Hall, B. D. Reimann, S. Vollmer, M. K. Stordal, F. Lunder, C. Maione, M. Arduini, J. Yokouchi, Y. TI Optimal estimation of the surface fluxes of methyl chloride using a 3-D global chemical transport model SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REACTIVE CHLORINE; EMISSIONS INVENTORY; INVERSE METHOD; CAPE GRIM; ATMOSPHERIC HYDROXYL; AGAGE OBSERVATIONS; ASSIMILATED WINDS; BROMIDE; GASES; CHLOROMETHANE AB Methyl chloride (CH3Cl) is a chlorine-containing trace gas in the atmosphere contributing significantly to stratospheric ozone depletion. Large uncertainties in estimates of its source and sink magnitudes and temporal and spatial variations currently exist. GEIA inventories and other bottom-up emission estimates are used to construct a priori maps of the surface fluxes of CH3Cl. The Model of Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry (MATCH), driven by NCEP interannually varying meteorological data, is then used to simulate CH3Cl mole fractions and quantify the time series of sensitivities of the mole fractions at each measurement site to the surface fluxes of various regional and global sources and sinks. We then implement the Kalman filter (with the unit pulse response method) to estimate the surface fluxes on regional/global scales with monthly resolution from January 2000 to December 2004. High frequency observations from the AGAGE, SOGE, NIES, and NOAA/ESRL HATS in situ networks and low frequency observations from the NOAA/ESRL HATS flask network are used to constrain the source and sink magnitudes. The inversion results indicate global total emissions around 4100 +/- 470 Ggyr(-1) with very large emissions of 2200 +/- 390 Gg yr(-1) from tropical plants, which turn out to be the largest single source in the CH3Cl budget. Relative to their a priori annual estimates, the inversion increases global annual fungal and tropical emissions, and reduces the global oceanic source. The inversion implies greater seasonal and interannual oscillations of the natural sources and sink of CH3Cl compared to the a priori. The inversion also reflects the strong effects of the 2002/2003 globally widespread heat waves and droughts on global emissions from tropical plants, biomass burning and salt marshes, and on the soil sink. C1 [Xiao, X.; Prinn, R. G.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Fraser, P. J.; Krummel, P. B.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [Simmonds, P. G.; O'Doherty, S.; Greally, B. R.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol, Avon, England. [Weiss, R. F.; Miller, B. R.; Salameh, P. K.; Harth, C. M.; Muehle, J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Porter, L. W.] Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia. [Cunnold, D.; Wang, R.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Montzka, S. A.; Elkins, J. W.; Dutton, G. S.; Thompson, T. M.; Butler, J. H.; Hall, B. D.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Reimann, S.; Vollmer, M. K.] Swiss Fed Inst Mat Sci & Technol, Lab Air Pollut Environm Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Stordal, F.; Lunder, C.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Maione, M.; Arduini, J.] Univ Urbino, I-61029 Urbino, Le Marche, Italy. [Yokouchi, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Xiao, X (reprint author), Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM xue.xiao@rice.edu RI Reimann, Stefan/A-2327-2009; 陽子, 横内/E-8041-2010; Fraser, Paul/D-1755-2012; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; arduini, jgor/N-2798-2016; OI Reimann, Stefan/0000-0002-9885-7138; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; arduini, jgor/0000-0002-5199-3853; Stordal, Frode/0000-0002-5190-6473; Miller, Benjamin/0000-0003-1647-0122; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU NASA [NNX07AE89G, NAG5-12669, NAG5-12099, NNX07AF09G, NNX07AE87G]; NSF [ATM-0120468]; Australian Bureau of Meteorology; CSIRO-MAR; DEFRA [EPG 1/1/159, CPEG 24, GA01081]; NOAA-ESRL; Norwegian Pollution Control Authority (SFT); Ministry of the Environment of Japan FX We thank David Kicklighter and Julia Lee-Taylor for sharing their research results as the a priori inputs into this work. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improved the manuscript. The inversions and the AGAGE measurements were supported by a variety of sources, including: NASA grants NNX07AE89G, NAG5-12669 and NAG5-12099 (and associated NCCS computer support), and NSF grant ATM-0120468 (and associated NCAR computer support) to MIT; NASA grants NNX07AF09G and NNX07AE87G, to SIO; the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO-MAR; and DEFRA grants EPG 1/1/159, CPEG 24, and GA01081 to Bristol University. The HATS flask and HATS high frequency in situ measurements were supported by NOAA-ESRL. Financial support for the Zeppelin measurements is acknowledged from the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority (SFT). NIES measurements were supported by the Global Environment Research Fund (Ministry of the Environment of Japan). NR 69 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 12 BP 5515 EP 5533 DI 10.5194/acp-10-5515-2010 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 618YC UT WOS:000279391100015 ER PT J AU Kulawik, SS Jones, DBA Nassar, R Irion, FW Worden, JR Bowman, KW Machida, T Matsueda, H Sawa, Y Biraud, SC Fischer, ML Jacobson, AR AF Kulawik, S. S. Jones, D. B. A. Nassar, R. Irion, F. W. Worden, J. R. Bowman, K. W. Machida, T. Matsueda, H. Sawa, Y. Biraud, S. C. Fischer, M. L. Jacobson, A. R. TI Characterization of Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) CO2 for carbon cycle science SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SATELLITE DATA; ABSOLUTE INTENSITIES; SOURCE INVERSIONS; WESTERN PACIFIC; LASER BANDS; SPACE; SINKS; DIOXIDE; (CO2)-C-12-O-16 AB We present carbon dioxide (CO2) estimates from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) on the EOS-Aura satellite launched in 2004. For observations between 40 degrees S and 45 degrees N, we find about 1 degree of freedom with peak sensitivity at 511 hPa. The estimated error is similar to 10 ppm for a single target and 1.3-2.3 ppm for monthly averages on spatial scales of 20 degrees x30 degrees. Monthly spatially-averaged TES data from 2005-2008 processed with a uniform initial guess and prior are compared to CONTRAIL aircraft data over the Pacific ocean, aircraft data at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) ARM site in the southern US, and the Mauna Loa and Samoa surface stations. Comparisons to Mauna Loa data show a correlation of 0.92, a standard deviation of 1.3 ppm, a predicted error of 1.2 ppm, and a similar to 2% low bias, which is subsequently corrected. Comparisons to SGP aircraft data over land show a correlation of 0.67 and a standard deviation of 2.3 ppm. TES data between 40 degrees S and 45 degrees N for 2006-2007 are compared to surface flask data, GLOBALVIEW, the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), and CarbonTracker. Comparison to GLOBALVIEW-CO2 ocean surface sites shows a correlation of 0.60 which drops when TES is offset in latitude, longitude, or time. At these same locations, TES shows a 0.62 and 0.67 correlation to Carbon-Tracker at the surface and 5 km, respectively. We also conducted an observing system simulation experiment to assess the potential utility of the TES data for inverse modeling of CO2 fluxes. We find that if biases in the data and model are well characterized, the averaged data have the potential to provide sufficient information to significantly reduce uncertainty on annual estimates of regional CO2 sources and sinks. Averaged pseudo-data at 10 degrees x10 degrees reduced uncertainty in flux estimates by as much as 70% for some tropical regions. C1 [Kulawik, S. S.; Irion, F. W.; Worden, J. R.; Bowman, K. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Jones, D. B. A.; Nassar, R.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Nassar, R.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Machida, T.; Sawa, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Matsueda, H.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Biraud, S. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fischer, M. L.] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA USA. [Jacobson, A. R.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kulawik, SS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM susan.kulawik@jpl.nasa.gov RI Biraud, Sebastien/M-5267-2013; Jones, Dylan/O-2475-2014; OI Biraud, Sebastien/0000-0001-7697-933X; Jones, Dylan/0000-0002-1935-3725; Nassar, Ray/0000-0001-6282-1611 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX SGP data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division. Contact: Margaret Torn, Lead Scientist.; Work at the University of Toronto was funded through grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC).; Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was performed under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and funded through the NASA Roses 2007 Atmospheric Composition: Aura Science Team proposal, "Estimation of CO2 Profiles from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and Application to Carbon Dioxide Source and Sink Estimates". NR 73 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 12 BP 5601 EP 5623 DI 10.5194/acp-10-5601-2010 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 618YC UT WOS:000279391100021 ER PT J AU Jonson, JE Stohl, A Fiore, AM Hess, P Szopa, S Wild, O Zeng, G Dentener, FJ Lupu, A Schultz, MG Duncan, BN Sudo, K Wind, P Schulz, M Marmer, E Cuvelier, C Keating, T Zuber, A Valdebenito, A Dorokhov, V De Backer, H Davies, J Chen, GH Johnson, B Tarasick, DW Stubi, R Newchurch, MJ von der Gathen, P Steinbrecht, W Claude, H AF Jonson, J. E. Stohl, A. Fiore, A. M. Hess, P. Szopa, S. Wild, O. Zeng, G. Dentener, F. J. Lupu, A. Schultz, M. G. Duncan, B. N. Sudo, K. Wind, P. Schulz, M. Marmer, E. Cuvelier, C. Keating, T. Zuber, A. Valdebenito, A. Dorokhov, V. De Backer, H. Davies, J. Chen, G. H. Johnson, B. Tarasick, D. W. Stuebi, R. Newchurch, M. J. von der Gathen, P. Steinbrecht, W. Claude, H. TI A multi-model analysis of vertical ozone profiles SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISPERSION MODEL FLEXPART; TRANSPORT; EUROPE AB A multi-model study of the long-range transport of ozone and its precursors from major anthropogenic source regions was coordinated by the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (TF HTAP) under the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP). Vertical profiles of ozone at 12-h intervals from 2001 are available from twelve of the models contributing to this study and are compared here with observed profiles from ozonesondes. The contributions from each major source region are analysed for selected sondes, and this analysis is supplemented by retroplume calculations using the FLEXPART Lagrangian particle dispersion model to provide insight into the origin of ozone transport events and the cause of differences between the models and observations. In the boundary layer ozone levels are in general strongly affected by regional sources and sinks. With a considerably longer lifetime in the free troposphere, ozone here is to a much larger extent affected by processes on a larger scale such as intercontinental transport and exchange with the stratosphere. Such individual events are difficult to trace over several days or weeks of transport. This may explain why statistical relationships between models and ozonesonde measurements are far less satisfactory than shown in previous studies for surface measurements at all seasons. The lowest bias between model-calculated ozone profiles and the ozonesonde measurements is seen in the winter and autumn months. Following the increase in photochemical activity in the spring and summer months, the spread in model results increases, and the agreement between ozonesonde measurements and the individual models deteriorates further. At selected sites calculated contributions to ozone levels in the free troposphere from intercontinental transport are shown. Intercontinental transport is identified based on differences in model calculations with unperturbed emissions and emissions reduced by 20% by region. Intercontinental transport of ozone is finally determined based on differences in model ensemble calculations. With emissions perturbed by 20% per region, calculated intercontinental contributions to ozone in the free troposphere range from less than 1 ppb to 3 ppb, with small contributions in winter. The results are corroborated by the retroplume calculations. At several locations the seasonal contributions to ozone in the free troposphere from intercontinental transport differ from what was shown earlier at the surface using the same dataset. The large spread in model results points to a need of further evaluation of the chemical and physical processes in order to improve the credibility of global model results. C1 [Jonson, J. E.; Wind, P.; Valdebenito, A.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Stohl, A.] NILU, Kjeller, Norway. [Fiore, A. M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hess, P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Szopa, S.; Schulz, M.] CEA CNRS UVSQ IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Wild, O.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. [Zeng, G.] Univ Cambridge, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Dentener, F. J.; Marmer, E.; Cuvelier, C.] Inst Environm & Sustainabil, DG Joint Res Ctr, European Commiss, Ispra, Italy. [Lupu, A.] York Univ, Ctr Res Earth & Space Sci, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Schultz, M. G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG 2, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Duncan, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sudo, K.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environ Studies, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Keating, T.] US EPA, Off Policy Anal & Review, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Zuber, A.] Commiss European Communities, Environm Directorate Gen, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium. [Dorokhov, V.] Cent Aerol Observ, Moscow, Russia. [De Backer, H.] RMIB, Brussels, Belgium. [Davies, J.; Tarasick, D. W.] Environm Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Chen, G. H.] Cent Weather Bur, Taipei, Taiwan. [Johnson, B.] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Stuebi, R.] MeteoSwiss, Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol, Payerne, Switzerland. [Newchurch, M. J.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [von der Gathen, P.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. RP Jonson, JE (reprint author), Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. EM j.e.jonson@met.no RI Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/G-6113-2010; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012; Hess, Peter/M-3145-2015; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Lupu, Alexandru/D-3689-2009; Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; von der Gathen, Peter/B-8515-2009 OI Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692; Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/0000-0003-0680-6729; Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X; Hess, Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Lupu, Alexandru/0000-0002-4520-5523; Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; von der Gathen, Peter/0000-0001-7409-1556 FU Long-range Transmission of Air pollutants in Europe (EMEP) under UNECE; Belgian Federal Government FX This work was supported by the Co-operative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air pollutants in Europe (EMEP) under UNECE. We would like to thank Asmund Fahre Vik, NILU and Johannes Stahelin, ETH Zurich, for valuable advice on the interpretation of ozonesonde data. We would also like to thank WOUDC for making the ozonesonde measurements available. The ozone sounding program in Uccle is supported by the Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence, a research collaboration established by the Belgian Federal Government through the action plan for reinforcement of the federal scientific institutes (decision council of ministers taken on 22/03/2006). NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 12 BP 5759 EP 5783 DI 10.5194/acp-10-5759-2010 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 618YC UT WOS:000279391100030 ER PT J AU Carlon, NR Papanastasiou, DK Fleming, EL Jackman, CH Newman, PA Burkholder, JB AF Carlon, N. Rontu Papanastasiou, D. K. Fleming, E. L. Jackman, C. H. Newman, P. A. Burkholder, J. B. TI UV absorption cross sections of nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) between 210 and 350 K and the atmospheric implications SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET-ABSORPTION; STRATOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES; WATER-VAPOR; NM; PHOTOABSORPTION; METHANES; SINK AB Absorption cross sections of nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) are reported at five atomic UV lines (184.95, 202.548, 206.200, 213.857, and 228.8 nm) at temperatures in the range 210-350 K. In addition, UV absorption spectra of CCl4 are reported between 200-235 nm as a function of temperature (225-350 K). The results from this work are critically compared with results from earlier studies. For N2O, the present results are in good agreement with the current JPL recommendation enabling a reduction in the estimated uncertainty in the N2O atmospheric photolysis rate. For CCl4, the present cross section results are systematically greater than the current recommendation at the reduced temperatures most relevant to stratospheric photolysis. The new cross sections result in a 5-7% increase in the modeled CCl4 photolysis loss, and a slight decrease in the stratospheric lifetime, from 51 to 50 years, for present day conditions. The corresponding changes in modeled inorganic chlorine and ozone in the stratosphere are quite small. A CCl4 cross section parameterization for use in atmospheric model calculations is presented. C1 [Carlon, N. Rontu; Papanastasiou, D. K.; Burkholder, J. B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Carlon, N. Rontu; Papanastasiou, D. K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fleming, E. L.; Jackman, C. H.; Newman, P. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fleming, E. L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.b.burkholder@noaa.gov RI Papanastasiou, Dimitrios/O-1419-2013; Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Jackman, Charles/D-4699-2012; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013 OI Papanastasiou, Dimitrios/0000-0003-3963-162X; Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508; FU NOAA; NASA FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Climate Goal and in part by NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program. We thank S. Ciciora for technical assistance, M. Baasandorj for assistance with the FTIR measurements, J. Gilman for the GC/MS sample analyses and A. R. Ravishankara for helpful discussions. NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 13 BP 6137 EP 6149 DI 10.5194/acp-10-6137-2010 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 624VY UT WOS:000279851400025 ER PT J AU Gourdji, SM Hirsch, AI Mueller, KL Yadav, V Andrews, AE Michalak, AM AF Gourdji, S. M. Hirsch, A. I. Mueller, K. L. Yadav, V. Andrews, A. E. Michalak, A. M. TI Regional-scale geostatistical inverse modeling of North American CO2 fluxes: a synthetic data study SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT MODELS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PART 1; EXCHANGE; VARIABILITY; CONTINENTS; EUROPE; LEARN; SINKS AB A series of synthetic data experiments is performed to investigate the ability of a regional atmospheric inversion to estimate grid-scale CO2 fluxes during the growing season over North America. The inversions are performed within a geostatistical framework without the use of any prior flux estimates or auxiliary variables, in order to focus on the atmospheric constraint provided by the nine towers collecting continuous, calibrated CO2 measurements in 2004. Using synthetic measurements and their associated concentration footprints, flux and model-data mismatch covariance parameters are first optimized, and then fluxes and their uncertainties are estimated at three different temporal resolutions. These temporal resolutions, which include a four-day average, a four-day-average diurnal cycle with 3-hourly increments, and 3-hourly fluxes, are chosen to help assess the impact of temporal aggregation errors on the estimated fluxes and covariance parameters. Estimating fluxes at a temporal resolution that can adjust the diurnal variability is found to be critical both for recovering covariance parameters directly from the atmospheric data, and for inferring accurate ecoregion-scale fluxes. Accounting for both spatial and temporal a priori covariance in the flux distribution is also found to be necessary for recovering accurate a posteriori uncertainty bounds on the estimated fluxes. Overall, the results suggest that even a fairly sparse network of 9 towers collecting continuous CO2 measurements across the continent, used with no auxiliary information or prior estimates of the flux distribution in time or space, can be used to infer relatively accurate monthly ecoregion scale CO2 surface fluxes over North America within estimated uncertainty bounds. Simulated random transport error is shown to decrease the quality of flux estimates in under-constrained areas at the ecoregion scale, although the uncertainty bounds remain realistic. While these synthetic data inversions do not consider all potential issues associated with using actual measurement data, e.g. systematic transport errors or problems with the boundary conditions, they help to highlight the impact of inversion setup choices, and help to provide a baseline set of CO2 fluxes for comparison with estimates from future real-data inversions. C1 [Gourdji, S. M.; Mueller, K. L.; Yadav, V.; Michalak, A. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hirsch, A. I.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Andrews, A. E.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Michalak, A. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Michalak, AM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM amichala@umich.edu RI Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Yadav, Vineet/A-1313-2014 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX06AE84G] FX This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Grant No. NNX06AE84G "Constraining North American Fluxes of Carbon Dioxide and Inferring Their Spatiotemporal Covariances through Assimilation of Remote Sensing and Atmospheric Data in a Geostatistical Framework" issued through the ROSES A.6 North American Carbon Program. In addition, Sharon Gourdji received additional support through a NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship. NR 38 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 13 BP 6151 EP 6167 DI 10.5194/acp-10-6151-2010 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 624VY UT WOS:000279851400026 ER PT J AU Emmons, LK Apel, EC Lamarque, JF Hess, PG Avery, M Blake, D Brune, W Campos, T Crawford, J DeCarlo, PF Hall, S Heikes, B Holloway, J Jimenez, JL Knapp, DJ Kok, G Mena-Carrasco, M Olson, J O'Sullivan, D Sachse, G Walega, J Weibring, P Weinheimer, A Wiedinmyer, C AF Emmons, L. K. Apel, E. C. Lamarque, J. -F. Hess, P. G. Avery, M. Blake, D. Brune, W. Campos, T. Crawford, J. DeCarlo, P. F. Hall, S. Heikes, B. Holloway, J. Jimenez, J. L. Knapp, D. J. Kok, G. Mena-Carrasco, M. Olson, J. O'Sullivan, D. Sachse, G. Walega, J. Weibring, P. Weinheimer, A. Wiedinmyer, C. TI Impact of Mexico City emissions on regional air quality from MOZART-4 simulations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MILAGRO FIELD CAMPAIGN; URBAN SUPERSITE T0; HIGH-RESOLUTION; INTEX-B; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; METROPOLITAN-AREA; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; OZONE PRODUCTION AB An extensive set of measurements was made in and around Mexico City as part of the MILAGRO (Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations) experiments in March 2006. Simulations with the Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4), a global chemical transport model, have been used to provide a regional context for these observations and assist in their interpretation. These MOZART-4 simulations reproduce the aircraft observations generally well, but some differences in the modeled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the observations result from incorrect VOC speciation assumed for the emission inventories. The different types of CO sources represented in the model have been "tagged" to quantify the contributions of regions outside Mexico, as well as the various emissions sectors within Mexico, to the regional air quality of Mexico. This analysis indicates open fires have some, but not a dominant, impact on the atmospheric composition in the region around Mexico City when averaged over the month. However, considerable variation in the fire contribution (2-15% of total CO) is seen during the month. The transport and photochemical aging of Mexico City emissions were studied using tags of CO emissions for each day, showing that typically the air downwind of Mexico City was a combination of many ages. Ozone production in MOZART-4 is shown to agree well with the net production rates from box model calculations constrained by the MILAGRO aircraft measurements. Ozone production efficiency derived from the ratio of O-x to NOz is higher in MOZART-4 than in the observations for moderately polluted air. OH reactivity determined from the MOZART-4 results shows the same increase in relative importance of oxygenated VOCs downwind of Mexico City as the reactivity inferred from the observations. The amount of ozone produced by emissions from Mexico City and surrounding areas has been quantified in the model by tracking NO emissions, showing little influence beyond Mexico's borders, and also relatively minor influence from fire emissions on the monthly average tropospheric ozone column. C1 [Emmons, L. K.; Apel, E. C.; Lamarque, J. -F.; Hess, P. G.; Campos, T.; Hall, S.; Knapp, D. J.; Walega, J.; Weibring, P.; Weinheimer, A.; Wiedinmyer, C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Avery, M.; Crawford, J.; Olson, J.; Sachse, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Blake, D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Brune, W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [DeCarlo, P. F.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Heikes, B.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Holloway, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Holloway, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kok, G.] Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Mena-Carrasco, M.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [O'Sullivan, D.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Emmons, LK (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM emmons@ucar.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; DeCarlo, Peter/B-2118-2008; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Crawford, James/L-6632-2013; Mena-Carrasco, Marcelo/B-8483-2012; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Hess, Peter/M-3145-2015; Mena-Carrasco, Marcelo/L-9730-2016; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; Wiedinmyer, Christine/E-2049-2013 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703; DeCarlo, Peter/0000-0001-6385-7149; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Hess, Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNG06GB27G]; NSF [ATM-0449815]; NOAA [NA08OAR4310565] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge all of the efforts of the Science Teams of the MILAGRO experiments in producing the comprehensive data sets of atmospheric composition in and around Mexico City. The helpful and thorough comments of two anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. This material is based upon work supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Contract No. NNG06GB27G issued by the Tropospheric Chemistry Program. PFD and JLJ were supported by NSF ATM-0449815 and NOAA NA08OAR4310565. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 62 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 31 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 13 BP 6195 EP 6212 DI 10.5194/acp-10-6195-2010 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 624VY UT WOS:000279851400029 ER PT J AU Keim, C Eremenko, M Orphal, J Dufour, G Flaud, JM Hopfner, M Boynard, A Clerbaux, C Payan, S Coheur, PF Hurtmans, D Claude, H De Backer, H Dier, H Johnson, B Kelder, H Kivi, R Koide, T Bartolome, ML Lambkin, K Moore, D Schmidlin, FJ Stubi, R AF Keim, C. Eremenko, M. Orphal, J. Dufour, G. Flaud, J. -M. Hoepfner, M. Boynard, A. Clerbaux, C. Payan, S. Coheur, P. -F. Hurtmans, D. Claude, H. De Backer, H. Dier, H. Johnson, B. Kelder, H. Kivi, R. Koide, T. Lopez Bartolome, M. Lambkin, K. Moore, D. Schmidlin, F. J. Stuebi, R. TI Tropospheric ozone from IASI: comparison of different inversion algorithms and validation with ozone sondes in the northern middle latitudes (vol 9, pg 9329, 2009) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Keim, C.; Eremenko, M.; Orphal, J.; Dufour, G.; Flaud, J. -M.] Univ Paris 12, LISA, CNRS, Creteil, France. [Keim, C.; Eremenko, M.; Orphal, J.; Dufour, G.; Flaud, J. -M.] Univ Paris 07, Creteil, France. [Hoepfner, M.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Boynard, A.; Clerbaux, C.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR8190, LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [Payan, S.] Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Mol Atmosphere & Astrophys, Paris, France. [Coheur, P. -F.; Hurtmans, D.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Serv Chim Quant & Photophys, Brussels, Belgium. [Claude, H.] DWD, Meteorol Observ Hohenpeissenberg, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. [De Backer, H.] RMIB, Brussels, Belgium. [Dier, H.] DWD, Richard Assmann Observ, Lindenberg, Germany. [Johnson, B.] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Kelder, H.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Kivi, R.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Sodankyla, Finland. [Koide, T.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Ozone Layer Monitoring Off, Tokyo 1008122, Japan. [Lopez Bartolome, M.] AEMET, Madrid, Spain. [Lambkin, K.] Valentia Observ, Irish Meteorol Serv, Cahirciveen, Kerry, Ireland. [Moore, D.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Schmidlin, F. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. [Stuebi, R.] MeteoSwiss, Federal Off Meteorol & Climatol, Aerol Stn, Payerne, Switzerland. RP Eremenko, M (reprint author), Univ Paris 12, LISA, CNRS, Creteil, France. EM maxim.eremenko@lisa.univ-paris12.fr RI Hopfner, Michael/A-7255-2013; Orphal, Johannes/A-8667-2012; clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013 OI Hopfner, Michael/0000-0002-4174-9531; Orphal, Johannes/0000-0002-1943-4496; NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 13 BP 6345 EP 6345 DI 10.5194/acp-10-6345-2010 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 624VY UT WOS:000279851400039 ER PT J AU Wang, H Feingold, G Wood, R Kazil, J AF Wang, H. Feingold, G. Wood, R. Kazil, J. TI Modelling microphysical and meteorological controls on precipitation and cloud cellular structures in Southeast Pacific stratocumulus SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; NOCTURNAL MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; DIURNAL CYCLE; SHALLOW CONVECTION; OPEN CELLS; WARM RAIN; PART II; MESOSCALE; DRIZZLE; AEROSOL AB Microphysical and meteorological controls on the formation of open and closed cellular structures in the Southeast Pacific are explored using model simulations based on aircraft observations during the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx). The effectiveness of factors such as boundary-layer moisture and temperature perturbations, surface heat and moisture fluxes, large-scale vertical motion and solar heating in promoting drizzle and open cell formation for prescribed aerosol number concentrations is explored. For the case considered, drizzle and subsequent open cell formation over a broad region are more sensitive to the observed boundary-layer moisture and temperature perturbations (+0.9 g kg(-1); -1 K) than to a five-fold decrease in aerosol number concentration (150 vs. 30 mg(-1)). When embedding the perturbations in closed cells, local drizzle and pockets of open cell (POC) formation respond faster to the aerosol reduction than to the moisture increase, but the latter generates stronger and more persistent drizzle. A local negative perturbation in temperature drives a mesoscale circulation that prevents local drizzle formation but promotes it in a remote area where lower-level horizontal transport of moisture is blocked and converges to enhance liquid water path. This represents a potential mechanism for POC formation in the Southeast Pacific stratocumulus region whereby the circulation is triggered by strong precipitation in adjacent broad regions of open cells. A simulation that attempts to mimic the influence of a coastally induced upsidence wave results in an increase in cloud water but this alone is insufficient to initiate drizzle. An increase of surface sensible heat flux is also effective in triggering local drizzle and POC formation. Both open and closed cells simulated with observed initial conditions exhibit distinct diurnal variations in cloud properties. A stratocumulus deck that breaks up due solely to solar heating can recover at night. Precipitation in the open-cell cases depletes the aerosol to the extent that cloud formation is significantly suppressed within one diurnal cycle. A replenishment rate of cloud condensation nuclei of order 1 mg(-1) h(-1) is sufficient to maintain clouds and prevent the boundary layer from collapsing the following day, suggesting that some local and/or remote aerosol sources is necessary for POCs to be able to last for days. C1 [Wang, H.; Feingold, G.; Kazil, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Wood, R.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wang, H.; Kazil, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM hailong.wang@pnl.gov RI Wang, Hailong/B-8061-2010; Wood, Robert/A-2989-2008; Kazil, Jan/B-7652-2013; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Wang, Hailong/0000-0002-1994-4402; Wood, Robert/0000-0002-1401-3828; Kazil, Jan/0000-0003-3271-2451; FU NOAA's Climate Goal; PNNL FX This research was supported by NOAA's Climate Goal. HW thanks PNNL for support in the later stages of this work. The authors thank the team of scientists, engineers, and support staff for their efforts in making VOCALS-REx such a success. We thank Rene Garreaud for useful discussion on upsidence waves. Bjorn Stevens and two anonymous referees are thanked for their insightful reviews. We thank the NOAA ESRL High Performance Computing Systems team for computational and technical support. NR 34 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 13 BP 6347 EP 6362 DI 10.5194/acp-10-6347-2010 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 624VY UT WOS:000279851400040 ER PT J AU Neuman, JA Nowak, JB Huey, LG Burkholder, JB Dibb, JE Holloway, JS Liao, J Peischl, J Roberts, JM Ryerson, TB Scheuer, E Stark, H Stickel, RE Tanner, DJ Weinheimer, A AF Neuman, J. A. Nowak, J. B. Huey, L. G. Burkholder, J. B. Dibb, J. E. Holloway, J. S. Liao, J. Peischl, J. Roberts, J. M. Ryerson, T. B. Scheuer, E. Stark, H. Stickel, R. E. Tanner, D. J. Weinheimer, A. TI Bromine measurements in ozone depleted air over the Arctic Ocean SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLAR SUNRISE EXPERIMENT; TROPICAL ATLANTIC-OCEAN; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NY-ALESUND; DESTRUCTION; TROPOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY; EVENTS; MODEL; TEMPERATURE AB In situ measurements of ozone, photochemically active bromine compounds, and other trace gases over the Arctic Ocean in April 2008 are used to examine the chemistry and geographical extent of ozone depletion in the arctic marine boundary layer (MBL). Data were obtained from the NOAA WP-3D aircraft during the Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) study and the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) study. Fast (1 s) and sensitive (detection limits at the low pptv level) measurements of BrCl and BrO were obtained from three different chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) instruments, and soluble bromide was measured with a mist chamber. The CIMS instruments also detected Br-2. Subsequent laboratory studies showed that HOBr rapidly converts to Br-2 on the Teflon instrument inlets. This detected Br-2 is identified as active bromine and represents a lower limit of the sum HOBr + Br-2. The measured active bromine is shown to likely be HOBr during daytime flights in the arctic. In the MBL over the Arctic Ocean, soluble bromide and active bromine were consistently elevated and ozone was depleted. Ozone depletion and active bromine enhancement were confined to the MBL that was capped by a temperature inversion at 200-500 m altitude. In ozone-depleted air, BrO rarely exceeded 10 pptv and was always substantially lower than soluble bromide that was as high as 40 pptv. BrCl was rarely enhanced above the 2 pptv detection limit, either in the MBL, over Alaska, or in the arctic free troposphere. C1 [Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.; Holloway, J. S.; Peischl, J.; Stark, H.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.; Burkholder, J. B.; Holloway, J. S.; Peischl, J.; Roberts, J. M.; Ryerson, T. B.; Stark, H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Huey, L. G.; Liao, J.; Stickel, R. E.; Tanner, D. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Dibb, J. E.; Scheuer, E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Weinheimer, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Neuman, JA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM andy.neuman@noaa.gov RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Liao, Jin/H-4865-2013; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Stark, Harald/E-7433-2010; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594 NR 46 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 24 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 14 BP 6503 EP 6514 DI 10.5194/acp-10-6503-2010 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 633PL UT WOS:000280515600005 ER PT J AU Park, S Atlas, EL Jimenez, R Daube, BC Gottlieb, EW Nan, J Jones, DBA Pfister, L Conway, TJ Bui, TP Gao, RS Wofsy, SC AF Park, S. Atlas, E. L. Jimenez, R. Daube, B. C. Gottlieb, E. W. Nan, J. Jones, D. B. A. Pfister, L. Conway, T. J. Bui, T. P. Gao, R. -S. Wofsy, S. C. TI Vertical transport rates and concentrations of OH and Cl radicals in the Tropical Tropopause Layer from observations of CO2 and halocarbons: implications for distributions of long- and short-lived chemical species SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; MIDLATITUDE LOWER STRATOSPHERE; EMPIRICAL AGE SPECTRA; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; RESIDENCE TIME; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PIPE MODEL; MEAN AGES; OZONE; BROMINE AB Rates for large-scale vertical transport of air in the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) were determined using high-resolution, in situ observations of CO2 concentrations in the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during the NASA Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling (TC4) campaign in August 2007. Upward movement of trace gases in the deep tropics was notably slower in TC4 than during the Costa Rica AURA Validation Experiment (CR-AVE), in January 2006. Transport rates in the TTL were combined with in situ measurements of chlorinated and brominated organic compounds from whole air samples to determine chemical loss rates for reactive chemical species, providing empirical vertical profiles for 24-h mean concentrations of hydroxyl radicals (OH) and chlorine atoms in the TTL. The analysis shows that important short-lived species such as CHCl3, CH2Cl2, and CH2Br2 have longer chemical lifetimes than the time for transit of the TTL, implying that these species, which are not included in most models, could readily reach the stratosphere and make significant contributions of chlorine and/or bromine to stratospheric loading. C1 [Park, S.; Jimenez, R.; Daube, B. C.; Gottlieb, E. W.; Nan, J.; Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Park, S.; Jimenez, R.; Daube, B. C.; Gottlieb, E. W.; Nan, J.; Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Atlas, E. L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Jones, D. B. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Pfister, L.; Bui, T. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Conway, T. J.; Gao, R. -S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wofsy, SC (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM swofsy@seas.harvard.edu RI JIMENEZ, Rodrigo/B-6112-2012; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Jones, Dylan/O-2475-2014; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Jones, Dylan/0000-0002-1935-3725; NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 14 BP 6669 EP 6684 DI 10.5194/acp-10-6669-2010 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 633PL UT WOS:000280515600018 ER PT J AU Lee, SS Donner, LJ Penner, JE AF Lee, S. S. Donner, L. J. Penner, J. E. TI Thunderstorm and stratocumulus: how does their contrasting morphology affect their interactions with aerosols? SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEEP CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; SYSTEM-RESOLVING MODEL; GLOBAL-CLIMATE MODEL; ICE NUCLEATION; PART I; MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; STORM DYNAMICS; SPECTRAL BIN; IMPACT AB It is well-known that aerosols affect clouds and that the effect of aerosols on clouds is critical for understanding human-induced climate change. Most climate model studies have focused on the effect of aerosols on warm stratiform clouds (e. g., stratocumulus clouds) for the prediction of climate change. However, systems like the Asian and Indian Monsoon, storm tracks, and the intertropical convergence zone, play important roles in the global hydrological cycle and in the circulation of energy and are driven by thunderstorm-type convective clouds. Here, we show that the different morphologies of these two cloud types lead to different aerosol-cloud interactions. Increasing aerosols are known to suppress the conversion of droplets to rain (i.e., so-called autoconversion). This increases droplets as a source of evaporative cooling, leading to an increased intensity of downdrafts. The acceleration of the intensity of downdrafts is larger in convective clouds due to their larger cloud depths (providing longer paths for downdrafts to follow to the surface) than in stratiform clouds. More accelerated downdrafts intensify the gust front, leading to significantly increased updrafts, condensation and thus the collection of cloud liquid by precipitation, which offsets the suppressed autoconversion. This leads to an enhancement of precipitation with increased aerosols in convective clouds. However, the downdrafts are less accelerated in stratiform clouds due to their smaller cloud depths, and they are not able to induce changes in updrafts as large as those in convective clouds. Thus, the offset is not as effective, and this allows the suppression of precipitation with increased aerosols. Thus aerosols affect these cloud systems differently. The dependence of the effect of aerosols on clouds on the morphology of clouds should be taken into account for a more complete assessment of climate change. C1 [Lee, S. S.; Penner, J. E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Donner, L. J.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Lee, SS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM seoungl@umich.edu RI Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Lee, Seoung Soo/H-5383-2013 NR 67 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 14 BP 6819 EP 6837 DI 10.5194/acp-10-6819-2010 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 633PL UT WOS:000280515600029 ER PT J AU Jefferson, A AF Jefferson, A. TI Empirical estimates of CCN from aerosol optical properties at four remote sites SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; HYGROSCOPIC GROWTH; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; ORGANIC AEROSOL; ACTIVATION; CALIBRATION; PARTICLES; NEPHELOMETER; COUNTER AB This study presents an empirical method to estimate the CCN concentration as a function of percent supersaturation. The aerosol optical properties, backscatter fraction and single scatter albedo, function as proxies for the aerosol size and composition in a power law relationship to CCN. This method is tested at four sites with aged aerosol: SGP (Oklahoma, USA), FKB (Black Forest, Germany), HFE (Hefei, China) and GRW (Graciosa, Azores). Each site represents a different aerosol type and thus demonstrates the method robustness and limitations. Good agreement was found between the calculated and measured CCN with slopes between 0.81 and 1.03 and correlation coefficients (r(2) values) between 0.59 and 0.67. The fit quality declined at low CCN concentrations. C1 [Jefferson, A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jefferson, A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Jefferson, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM anne.jefferson@noaa.gov RI Jefferson, Anne/K-4793-2012 NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 14 BP 6855 EP 6861 DI 10.5194/acp-10-6855-2010 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 633PL UT WOS:000280515600031 ER PT J AU Huang, M Carmichael, GR Adhikary, B Spak, SN Kulkarni, S Cheng, YF Wei, C Tang, Y Parrish, DD Oltmans, SJ D'Allura, A Kaduwela, A Cai, C Weinheimer, AJ Wong, M Pierce, RB Al-Saadi, JA Streets, DG Zhang, Q AF Huang, M. Carmichael, G. R. Adhikary, B. Spak, S. N. Kulkarni, S. Cheng, Y. F. Wei, C. Tang, Y. Parrish, D. D. Oltmans, S. J. D'Allura, A. Kaduwela, A. Cai, C. Weinheimer, A. J. Wong, M. Pierce, R. B. Al-Saadi, J. A. Streets, D. G. Zhang, Q. TI Impacts of transported background ozone on California air quality during the ARCTAS-CARB period - a multi-scale modeling study SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; WEST-COAST; VARIABILITY; TROPOSPHERE; AEROSOL; MISSION; SYSTEM; MODIS AB Multi-scale tracer and full-chemistry simulations with the STEM atmospheric chemistry model are used to analyze the effects of transported background ozone (O-3) from the eastern Pacific on California air quality during the ARCTAS-CARB experiment conducted in June, 2008. Previous work has focused on the importance of long-range transport of O-3 to North America air quality in springtime. However during this summer experiment the long-range transport of O-3 is also shown to be important. Simulated and observed O-3 transport patterns from the coast to inland northern California are shown to vary based on meteorological conditions and the O-3 profiles over the oceans, which are strongly episodically affected by Asian inflows. Analysis of the correlations of O-3 at various altitudes above the coastal site at Trinidad Head and at a downwind surface site in northern California, show that under long-range transport events, high O-3 air-masses (O-3>60 ppb) at altitudes between about 2 and 4 km can be transported inland and can significantly influence surface O-3 20-30 h later. These results show the importance of characterizing the vertical structure of the lateral boundary conditions (LBC) needed in air quality simulations. The importance of the LBC on O-3 prediction during this period is further studied through a series of sensitivity studies using different forms of LBC. It is shown that the use of the LBC downscaled from RAQMS global model that assimilated MLS and OMI data improves the model performance. We also show that the predictions can be further improved through the use of LBC based on NASA DC-8 airborne observations during the ARCTAS-CARB experiment. These results indicate the need to develop observational strategies to provide information on the three-dimensional nature of pollutant distributions, in order to improve our capability to predict pollution levels and to better quantify the influence of these Asian inflows on the US west coast air quality. C1 [Huang, M.; Carmichael, G. R.; Adhikary, B.; Spak, S. N.; Kulkarni, S.; Cheng, Y. F.; Wei, C.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Adhikary, B.] Kathmandu Univ, Dhulikhel, Nepal. [Tang, Y.] NOAA, W NP2, EMC, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Parrish, D. D.; Oltmans, S. J.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [D'Allura, A.] ARIANET Srl, Milan, Italy. [Kaduwela, A.; Cai, C.] Calif Air Resource Board, Sacramento, CA USA. [Weinheimer, A. J.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Wong, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pierce, R. B.] NOAA, NESDIS, Madison, WI USA. [Al-Saadi, J. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Streets, D. G.; Zhang, Q.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Huang, M (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM mhuang1@engineering.uiowa.edu RI Cheng, Yafang/F-9362-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; wei, chao/E-4379-2011; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Spak, Scott/B-7331-2008; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Cheng, Yafang/0000-0003-4912-9879; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Spak, Scott/0000-0002-8545-1411; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350; Kaduwela, Ajith/0000-0002-7236-2698 NR 47 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 14 BP 6947 EP 6968 DI 10.5194/acp-10-6947-2010 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 633PL UT WOS:000280515600037 ER PT J AU Lamarque, JF Bond, TC Eyring, V Granier, C Heil, A Klimont, Z Lee, D Liousse, C Mieville, A Owen, B Schultz, MG Shindell, D Smith, SJ Stehfest, E Van Aardenne, J Cooper, OR Kainuma, M Mahowald, N McConnell, JR Naik, V Riahi, K van Vuuren, DP AF Lamarque, J. -F. Bond, T. C. Eyring, V. Granier, C. Heil, A. Klimont, Z. Lee, D. Liousse, C. Mieville, A. Owen, B. Schultz, M. G. Shindell, D. Smith, S. J. Stehfest, E. Van Aardenne, J. Cooper, O. R. Kainuma, M. Mahowald, N. McConnell, J. R. Naik, V. Riahi, K. van Vuuren, D. P. TI Historical (1850-2000) gridded anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of reactive gases and aerosols: methodology and application SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CARBONACEOUS PARTICLES; DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; GLOBAL-MODEL; TRACE GASES; FOSSIL-FUEL; OZONE; CLIMATE; INVENTORY; SCENARIOS AB We present and discuss a new dataset of gridded emissions covering the historical period (1850-2000) in decadal increments at a horizontal resolution of 0.5 degrees in latitude and longitude. The primary purpose of this inventory is to provide consistent gridded emissions of reactive gases and aerosols for use in chemistry model simulations needed by climate models for the Climate Model Intercomparison Program #5 (CMIP5) in support of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment report (AR5). Our best estimate for the year 2000 inventory represents a combination of existing regional and global inventories to capture the best information available at this point; 40 regions and 12 sectors are used to combine the various sources. The historical reconstruction of each emitted compound, for each region and sector, is then forced to agree with our 2000 estimate, ensuring continuity between past and 2000 emissions. Simulations from two chemistry-climate models are used to test the ability of the emission dataset described here to capture long-term changes in atmospheric ozone, carbon monoxide and aerosol distributions. The simulated long-term change in the Northern mid-latitudes surface and mid-troposphere ozone is not quite as rapid as observed. However, stations outside this latitude band show much better agreement in both present-day and long-term trend. The model simulations indicate that the concentration of carbon monoxide is underestimated at the Mace Head station; however, the long-term trend over the limited observational period seems to be reasonably well captured. The simulated sulfate and black carbon deposition over Greenland is in very good agreement with the ice-core observations spanning the simulation period. Finally, aerosol optical depth and additional aerosol diagnostics are shown to be in good agreement with previously published estimates and observations. C1 [Lamarque, J. -F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bond, T. C.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Eyring, V.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhoffen, Germany. [Granier, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Granier, C.; Cooper, O. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Granier, C.; Mieville, A.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UPMC, INSU,LATMOS IPSL,UMR 8190, Paris, France. [Heil, A.; Schultz, M. G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Klimont, Z.; Riahi, K.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Lee, D.; Owen, B.] Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Manchester M15 6BH, Lancs, England. [Liousse, C.] Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. [Shindell, D.] Natl Aeronaut & Space Agcy, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. [Smith, S. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA. [Stehfest, E.; van Vuuren, D. P.] Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Van Aardenne, J.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, DG, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Kainuma, M.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Mahowald, N.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [McConnell, J. R.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Naik, V.] NOAA, High Performance Technol Inc, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Lamarque, JF (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM lamar@ucar.edu RI Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Heil, Angelika/J-7182-2012; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Bond, Tami/A-1317-2013; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Mahowald, Natalie/D-8388-2013; Granier, Claire/D-5360-2013; Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; van Vuuren, Detlef/A-4764-2009; Klimont, Zbigniew/P-7641-2015; Riahi, Keywan/B-6426-2011 OI Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Heil, Angelika/0000-0002-8768-5027; Bond, Tami/0000-0001-5968-8928; Mahowald, Natalie/0000-0002-2873-997X; Granier, Claire/0000-0001-7344-7995; Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; van Vuuren, Detlef/0000-0003-0398-2831; Klimont, Zbigniew/0000-0003-2630-198X; Riahi, Keywan/0000-0001-7193-3498 FU ACCENT European Network; EU; European Union; National Science Foundation FX The authors would like to thank the ACCENT European Network, which provided funding for meetings to develop the emissions dataset. Suvi Monni, Lorenzo Orlandini and Valerio Pagliari are acknowledged for providing support in the gridding of emissions and making available official reported data from EMEP and UNFCCC inventories. O. Buhaug and J. Corbett provided helpful comments on ship emissions. Z. K. would like to acknowledge the support received from the European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions (EUCAARI), a project within EU's Sixth Framework Program. A. H. acknowledges funding from the European Union's CITYZEN project. Surface data was obtained from the World Data Centre for Greenhouse gases, maintained by the Japan Meteorological Agency in cooperation with the World Meteorological Organization. We would like to thank D. Parrish and H.-E. Scheel for providing access to their ozone datasets. AERONET data was kindly made available by the AERONET investigators and used for this study. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in the publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 122 TC 719 Z9 736 U1 35 U2 274 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 15 BP 7017 EP 7039 DI 10.5194/acp-10-7017-2010 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 637VV UT WOS:000280847700002 ER PT J AU Perring, AE Bertram, TH Farmer, DK Wooldridge, PJ Dibb, J Blake, NJ Blake, DR Singh, HB Fuelberg, H Diskin, G Sachse, G Cohen, RC AF Perring, A. E. Bertram, T. H. Farmer, D. K. Wooldridge, P. J. Dibb, J. Blake, N. J. Blake, D. R. Singh, H. B. Fuelberg, H. Diskin, G. Sachse, G. Cohen, R. C. TI The production and persistence of Sigma RONO2 in the Mexico City plume SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED FLUORESCENCE INSTRUMENT; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; IN-SITU; PEROXY NITRATES; CHEMICAL MECHANISM; ATMOSPHERIC NO2; NITROGEN-OXIDES; ALKYL NITRATES; MIXING RATIOS; DIODE-LASER AB Alkyl and multifunctional nitrates (RONO2, Sigma ANs) have been observed to be a significant fraction of NOy in a number of different chemical regimes. Their formation is an important free radical chain termination step ending production of ozone and possibly affecting formation of secondary organic aerosol. Sigma ANs also represent a potentially large, unmeasured contribution to OH reactivity and are a major pathway for the removal of nitrogen oxides from the atmosphere. Numerous studies have investigated the role of nitrate formation from biogenic compounds and in the remote atmosphere. Less attention has been paid to the role Sigma ANs may play in the complex mixtures of hydrocarbons typical of urban settings. Measurements of total alkyl and multifunctional nitrates, NO2, total peroxy nitrates (Sigma PNs), HNO3 and a representative suite of hydrocarbons were obtained from the NASA DC-8 aircraft during spring of 2006 in and around Mexico City and the Gulf of Mexico. Sigma ANs were observed to be 10-20% of NOy in the Mexico City plume and to increase in importance with increased photochemical age. We describe three conclusions: (1) Correlations of Sigma ANs with odd-oxygen (O-x) indicate a stronger role for Sigma ANs in the photochemistry of Mexico City than is expected based on currently accepted photochemical mechanisms, (2) Sigma AN formation suppresses peak ozone production rates by as much as 40% in the near-field of Mexico City and (3) Sigma ANs play a significant role in the export of NOy from Mexico City to the Gulf Region. C1 [Perring, A. E.; Bertram, T. H.; Farmer, D. K.; Wooldridge, P. J.; Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dibb, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Climate Change Res Inst, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Blake, N. J.; Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Singh, H. B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Fuelberg, H.] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Diskin, G.; Sachse, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Perring, AE (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM anne.perring@noaa.gov RI Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011 OI Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691 FU NASA [NAG5-13668] FX The work presented here was funded by NASA headquarters under the NASA Earth Systems Science Fellowship Program and by NASA grant #NAG5-13668. The authors would also like to sincerely thank Brian Heikes and Alan Fried for the use of their formaldehyde data, Melody Avery for the use of her ozone data, Bill Brune for the use of his HOx measurements and Greg Huey for the use of his NO measurements. NR 49 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 15 BP 7215 EP 7229 DI 10.5194/acp-10-7215-2010 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 637VV UT WOS:000280847700015 ER PT J AU Daniel, JS Fleming, EL Portmann, RW Velders, GJM Jackman, CH Ravishankara, AR AF Daniel, J. S. Fleming, E. L. Portmann, R. W. Velders, G. J. M. Jackman, C. H. Ravishankara, A. R. TI Options to accelerate ozone recovery: ozone and climate benefits SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GASES NITROUS-OXIDE; FUTURE CONCENTRATIONS; DEPLETION; CHLORINE; 21ST-CENTURY; MIDLATITUDES; POTENTIALS; METHANE; N2O AB Hypothetical reductions in future emissions of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) and N2O are evaluated in terms of effects on equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC), globally-averaged total column ozone, and radiative forcing through 2100. Due to the established success of the Montreal Protocol, these actions can have only a fraction of the impact on ozone depletion that regulations already in force have had. If all anthropogenic ODS and N2O emissions were halted beginning in 2011, ozone is calculated to be higher by about 1-2% during the period 2030-2100 compared to a case of no additional restrictions. Direct radiative forcing by 2100 would be about 0.23 W/m(2) lower from the elimination of anthropogenic N2O emissions and about 0.005 W/m(2) lower from the destruction of the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) bank. Due to the potential impact of N2O on future ozone levels, we provide an approach to incorporate it into the EESC formulation, which is used extensively in ozone depletion analyses. The ability of EESC to describe total ozone changes arising from additional ODS and N2O controls is also quantified. C1 [Daniel, J. S.; Portmann, R. W.; Ravishankara, A. R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fleming, E. L.; Jackman, C. H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fleming, E. L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Velders, G. J. M.] Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, NL-3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP Daniel, JS (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.s.daniel@noaa.gov RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Jackman, Charles/D-4699-2012 OI Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; FU NASA FX We appreciate the effort and comments of two anonymous reviewers, who have helped improve the manuscript. We thank S. Solomon for helpful discussions and comments. We thank V. Fioletov for making the ground-based ozone data used in WMO (2007) available for us to include. E. L. Fleming and C. H. Jackman were supported by the NASA Atmospheric Composition: Modeling and Analysis (ACMA) Program. Work at NOAA was funded in part by NOAA's Climate Program. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 22 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 16 BP 7697 EP 7707 DI 10.5194/acp-10-7697-2010 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 645ED UT WOS:000281432800012 ER PT J AU Salzmann, M Ming, Y Golaz, JC Ginoux, PA Morrison, H Gettelman, A Kramer, M Donner, LJ AF Salzmann, M. Ming, Y. Golaz, J. -C. Ginoux, P. A. Morrison, H. Gettelman, A. Kraemer, M. Donner, L. J. TI Two-moment bulk stratiform cloud microphysics in the GFDL AM3 GCM: description, evaluation, and sensitivity tests SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; MICROWAVE IMAGER SSM/I; INCLUDING MASS FLUXES; PART I; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; ICE-NUCLEATION; VERSION-3 CAM3 AB A new stratiform cloud scheme including a two-moment bulk microphysics module, a cloud cover parameterization allowing ice supersaturation, and an ice nucleation parameterization has been implemented into the recently developed GFDL AM3 general circulation model (GCM) as part of an effort to treat aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions more realistically. Unlike the original scheme, the new scheme facilitates the study of cloud-ice-aerosol interactions via influences of dust and sulfate on ice nucleation. While liquid and cloud ice water path associated with stratiform clouds are similar for the new and the original scheme, column integrated droplet numbers and global frequency distributions (PDFs) of droplet effective radii differ significantly. This difference is in part due to a difference in the implementation of the Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen (WBF) mechanism, which leads to a larger contribution from super-cooled droplets in the original scheme. Clouds are more likely to be either completely glaciated or liquid due to the WBF mechanism in the new scheme. Super-saturations over ice simulated with the new scheme are in qualitative agreement with observations, and PDFs of ice numbers and effective radii appear reasonable in the light of observations. Especially, the temperature dependence of ice numbers qualitatively agrees with in-situ observations. The global average long-wave cloud forcing decreases in comparison to the original scheme as expected when super-saturation over ice is allowed. Anthropogenic aerosols lead to a larger decrease in short-wave absorption (SWABS) in the new model setup, but outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) decreases as well, so that the net effect of including anthropogenic aerosols on the net radiation at the top of the atmosphere (netradTOA = SWABS-OLR) is of similar magnitude for the new and the original scheme. C1 [Ming, Y.; Golaz, J. -C.; Ginoux, P. A.; Donner, L. J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Morrison, H.; Gettelman, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Salzmann, M.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kraemer, M.] Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, ICG I, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Salzmann, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. EM marc.salzmann@zmaw.de RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012; Kramer, Martina/A-7482-2013; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014; Salzmann, Marc/N-2229-2014 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435; Salzmann, Marc/0000-0002-3987-2303 NR 108 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 16 BP 8037 EP 8064 DI 10.5194/acp-10-8037-2010 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 645ED UT WOS:000281432800034 ER PT J AU Ervens, B Volkamer, R AF Ervens, B. Volkamer, R. TI Glyoxal processing by aerosol multiphase chemistry: towards a kinetic modeling framework of secondary organic aerosol formation in aqueous particles SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MEXICO-CITY; OLIGOMER FORMATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RATE CONSTANTS; HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS; PARTICULATE MATTER; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; HYDROXYL RADICALS; OXALIC-ACID AB This study presents a modeling framework based on laboratory data to describe the kinetics of glyoxal reactions that form secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in aqueous aerosol particles. Recent laboratory results on glyoxal reactions are reviewed and a consistent set of empirical reaction rate constants is derived that captures the kinetics of glyoxal hydration and subsequent reversible and irreversible reactions in aqueous inorganic and water-soluble organic aerosol seeds. Products of these processes include (a) oligomers, (b) nitrogen-containing products, (c) photochemical oxidation products with high molecular weight. These additional aqueous phase processes enhance the SOA formation rate in particles and yield two to three orders of magnitude more SOA than predicted based on reaction schemes for dilute aqueous phase (cloud) chemistry for the same conditions (liquid water content, particle size). The application of the new module including detailed chemical processes in a box model demonstrates that both the time scale to reach aqueous phase equilibria and the choice of rate constants of irreversible reactions have a pronounced effect on the predicted atmospheric relevance of SOA formation from glyoxal. During day time, a photochemical (most likely radical-initiated) process is the major SOA formation pathway forming similar to 5 mu g m(-3) SOA over 12 h (assuming a constant glyoxal mixing ratio of 300 ppt). During night time, reactions of nitrogen-containing compounds (ammonium, amines, amino acids) contribute most to the predicted SOA mass; however, the absolute predicted SOA masses are reduced by an order of magnitude as compared to day time production. The contribution of the ammonium reaction significantly increases in moderately acidic or neutral particles (5 < pH < 7). Glyoxal uptake into ammonium sulfate seed under dark conditions can be represented with a single reaction parameter k(effupt) that does not depend on aerosol loading or water content, which indicates a possibly catalytic role of aerosol water in SOA formation. However, the reversible nature of uptake under dark conditions is not captured by k(effupt), and can be parameterized by an effective Henry's law constant including an equilibrium constant K-olig = 1000 (in ammonium sulfate solution). Such reversible glyoxal oligomerization contributes < 1% to total predicted SOA masses at any time. Sensitivity tests reveal five parameters that strongly affect the predicted SOA mass from glyoxal: (1) time scales to reach equilibrium states (as opposed to assuming instantaneous equilibrium), (2) particle pH, (3) chemical composition of the bulk aerosol, (4) particle surface composition, and (5) particle liquid water content that is mostly determined by the amount and hygroscopicity of aerosol mass and to a lesser extent by the ambient relative humidity. Glyoxal serves as an example molecule, and the conclusions about SOA formation in aqueous particles can serve for comparative studies of other molecules that form SOA as the result of multiphase chemical processing in aerosol water. This SOA source is currently underrepresented in atmospheric models; if included it is likely to bring SOA predictions (mass and O/C ratio) into better agreement with field observations. C1 [Ervens, B.; Volkamer, R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ervens, B.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Volkamer, R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Biochem & Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ervens, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM barbara.ervens@noaa.gov; rainer.volkamer@colorado.edu RI Ervens, Barbara/D-5495-2013; Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Ervens, Barbara/0000-0002-6223-1635; Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER64539]; NSF [AGS-0847793] FX We thank D. O. De Haan for helpful discussions. Funding from the Innovative Research Program (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder) is acknowledged. BE acknowledges support from the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, grant DE-FG02-08ER64539. RV acknowledges an NSF-CAREER award AGS-0847793. NR 113 TC 146 Z9 146 U1 13 U2 143 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 17 BP 8219 EP 8244 DI 10.5194/acp-10-8219-2010 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 650JS UT WOS:000281845800008 ER PT J AU Gasso, S Stein, A Marino, F Castellano, E Udisti, R Ceratto, J AF Gasso, S. Stein, A. Marino, F. Castellano, E. Udisti, R. Ceratto, J. TI A combined observational and modeling approach to study modern dust transport from the Patagonia desert to East Antarctica SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SAN-SEBASTIAN BAY; TIERRA-DEL-FUEGO; DOME-C; MINERAL DUST; ICE CORES; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; AEROSOL; CLIMATE; MODIS; IRON AB The understanding of present atmospheric transport processes from Southern Hemisphere (SH) landmasses to Antarctica can improve the interpretation of stratigraphic data in Antarctic ice cores. In addition, long range transport can deliver key nutrients normally not available to marine ecosystems in the Southern Ocean and may trigger or enhance primary productivity. However, there is a dearth of observational based studies of dust transport in the SH. This work aims to improve current understanding of dust transport in the SH by showing a characterization of two dust events originating in the Patagonia desert (south end of South America). The approach is based on a combined and complementary use of satellite retrievals (detectors MISR, MODIS, GLAS, POLDER, OMI), transport model simulation (HYSPLIT) and surface observations near the sources and aerosol measurements in Antarctica (Neumayer and Concordia sites). Satellite imagery and visibility observations confirm dust emission in a stretch of dry lakes along the coast of the Tierra del Fuego (TdF) island (similar to 54A degrees S) and from the shores of the Colihue Huapi lake in Central Patagonia (similar to 46A degrees S) in February 2005. Model simulations initialized by these observations reproduce the timing of an observed increase in dust concentration at the Concordia Station and some of the observed increases in atmospheric aerosol absorption (here used as a dust proxy) in the Neumayer station. The TdF sources were the largest contributors of dust at both sites. The transit times from TdF to the Neumayer and Concordia sites are 6-7 and 9-10 days respectively. Lidar observations and model outputs coincide in placing most of the dust cloud in the boundary layer and suggest significant deposition over the ocean immediately downwind. Boundary layer dust was detected as far as 1800 km from the source and similar to 800 km north of the South Georgia Island over the central sub-Antarctic Atlantic Ocean. Although the analysis suggests the presence of dust at similar to 1500 km SW of South Africa five days after, the limited capabilities of existing satellite platforms to differentiate between aerosol types do not permit a definitive conclusion. In addition, the model simulations show dust lifting to the free troposphere as it travels south but it could not be confirmed by the satellite observations due to cloudiness. This work demonstrates that complementary information from existing transport models, satellite and surface data can yield a consistent picture of the dust transport from the Patagonia desert to Antarctica. It also illustrates the limitation of using any of these approaches individually to characterize the transport of dust in a heavily cloudy area. C1 [Gasso, S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Gasso, S.] NASA, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Stein, A.] NOAA, Earth Resources Technol & Air Resource Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Marino, F.; Castellano, E.; Udisti, R.] Univ Florence, Dept Chem, I-50121 Florence, Italy. [Ceratto, J.] NASA, Summer Inst, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Gasso, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM santiago.gasso@nasa.gov RI Stein, Ariel/G-1330-2012; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014; Udisti, Roberto/M-7966-2015; Gasso, Santiago/H-9571-2014; OI Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198; Udisti, Roberto/0000-0003-4440-8238; Gasso, Santiago/0000-0002-6872-0018; Becagli, Silvia/0000-0003-3633-4849 NR 75 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 17 BP 8287 EP 8303 DI 10.5194/acp-10-8287-2010 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 650JS UT WOS:000281845800011 ER PT J AU Molina, LT Madronich, S Gaffney, JS Apel, E de Foy, B Fast, J Ferrare, R Herndon, S Jimenez, JL Lamb, B Osornio-Vargas, AR Russell, P Schauer, JJ Stevens, PS Volkamer, R Zavala, M AF Molina, L. T. Madronich, S. Gaffney, J. S. Apel, E. de Foy, B. Fast, J. Ferrare, R. Herndon, S. Jimenez, J. L. Lamb, B. Osornio-Vargas, A. R. Russell, P. Schauer, J. J. Stevens, P. S. Volkamer, R. Zavala, M. TI An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETRY; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; CHARACTERIZING OZONE PRODUCTION; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; MCMA-2003 FIELD CAMPAIGN; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTION; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS AB MILAGRO (Megacity Initiative: Local And Global Research Observations) is an international collaborative project to examine the behavior and the export of atmospheric emissions from a megacity. The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) - one of the world's largest megacities and North America's most populous city - was selected as the case study to characterize the sources, concentrations, transport, and transformation processes of the gases and fine particles emitted to the MCMA atmosphere and to evaluate the regional and global impacts of these emissions. The findings of this study are relevant to the evolution and impacts of pollution from many other megacities. The measurement phase consisted of a month-long series of carefully coordinated observations of the chemistry and physics of the atmosphere in and near Mexico City during March 2006, using a wide range of instruments at ground sites, on aircraft and satellites, and enlisting over 450 scientists from 150 institutions in 30 countries. Three ground supersites were set up to examine the evolution of the primary emitted gases and fine particles. Additional platforms in or near Mexico City included mobile vans containing scientific laboratories and mobile and stationary upward-looking lidars. Seven instrumented research aircraft provided information about the atmosphere over a large region and at various altitudes. Satellite-based instruments peered down into the atmosphere, providing even larger geographical coverage. The overall campaign was complemented by meteorological forecasting and numerical simulations, satellite observations and surface networks. Together, these research observations have provided the most comprehensive characterization of the MCMA's urban and regional atmospheric composition and chemistry that will take years to analyze and evaluate fully. In this paper we review over 120 papers resulting from the MILAGRO/INTEX-B Campaign that have been published or submitted, as well as relevant papers from the earlier MCMA-2003 Campaign, with the aim of providing a road map for the scientific community interested in understanding the emissions from a megacity such as the MCMA and their impacts on air quality and climate. This paper describes the measurements performed during MILAGRO and the results obtained on MCMA's atmospheric meteorology and dynamics, emissions of gases and fine particles, sources and concentrations of volatile organic compounds, urban and regional photochemistry, ambient particulate matter, aerosol radiative properties, urban plume characterization, and health studies. A summary of key findings from the field study is presented. C1 [Molina, L. T.; Zavala, M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Madronich, S.; Apel, E.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Gaffney, J. S.] Univ Arkansas, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [de Foy, B.] St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Fast, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ferrare, R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Herndon, S.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.; Volkamer, R.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lamb, B.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Osornio-Vargas, A. R.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Russell, P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Schauer, J. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Stevens, P. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN USA. EM ltmolina@mit.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Liu, Yanan/J-3680-2012; de Foy, Benjamin/A-9902-2010; Madronich, Sasha/D-3284-2015; Osornio Vargas, Alvaro/B-4645-2010; Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; de Foy, Benjamin/0000-0003-4150-9922; Madronich, Sasha/0000-0003-0983-1313; Osornio Vargas, Alvaro/0000-0001-8287-7102; Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369 FU Mexican Metropolitan Environmental Commission; Mexican Ministry of the Environment; CONACyT; PEMEX; NSF; DOE; NASA FX The MILAGRO/INTEX-B Campaign is the collaborative efforts of a large number of participants with the support of multi-national agencies. The MILAGRO/INTEX-B participants would like to thank the governments of the Federal District, the States of Mexico, Hidalgo and Veracruz, the Mexican Ministries of the Environment, Foreign Relations, Defense and Finance, the US Embassy in Mexico and the Molina Center for Energy and the Environment for their logistical support; IMP, U-Tecamac, and Rancho La Bisnega for hosting the supersites as well as many other Mexican institutions for their support. The MILAGRO/INTEX-B participants are grateful for funding from the Mexican Metropolitan Environmental Commission, Mexican Ministry of the Environment, CONACyT, PEMEX, NSF Atmospheric Chemistry Program, DOE Atmospheric Science Program and NASA Tropospheric Chemistry and Radiation Science Programs. NR 273 TC 155 Z9 157 U1 7 U2 85 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 18 BP 8697 EP 8760 DI 10.5194/acp-10-8697-2010 PG 64 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 657RC UT WOS:000282429000005 ER PT J AU Koren, I Feingold, G Remer, LA AF Koren, I. Feingold, G. Remer, L. A. TI The invigoration of deep convective clouds over the Atlantic: aerosol effect, meteorology or retrieval artifact? SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID WATER; GLOBAL-MODEL GOCART; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; SPECTRAL RADIANCES; POLLUTION AEROSOL; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; DUST TRANSPORT; AMAZON SMOKE; SATELLITE; MODIS AB Associations between cloud properties and aerosol loading are frequently observed in products derived from satellite measurements. These observed trends between clouds and aerosol optical depth suggest aerosol modification of cloud dynamics, yet there are uncertainties involved in satellite retrievals that have the potential to lead to incorrect conclusions. Two of the most challenging problems are addressed here: the potential for retrieved aerosol optical depth to be cloud-contaminated, and as a result, artificially correlated with cloud parameters; and the potential for correlations between aerosol and cloud parameters to be erroneously considered to be causal. Here these issues are tackled directly by studying the effects of the aerosol on convective clouds in the tropical Atlantic Ocean using satellite remote sensing, a chemical transport model, and a reanalysis of meteorological fields. Results show that there is a robust positive correlation between cloud fraction or cloud top height and the aerosol optical depth, regardless of whether a stringent filtering of aerosol measurements in the vicinity of clouds is applied, or not. These same positive correlations emerge when replacing the observed aerosol field with that derived from a chemical transport model. Model-reanalysis data is used to address the causality question by providing meteorological context for the satellite observations. A correlation exercise between the full suite of meteorological fields derived from model reanalysis and satellite-derived cloud fields shows that observed cloud top height and cloud fraction correlate best with model pressure updraft velocity and relative humidity. Observed aerosol optical depth does correlate with meteorological parameters but usually different parameters from those that correlate with observed cloud fields. The result is a near-orthogonal influence of aerosol and meteorological fields on cloud top height and cloud fraction. The results strengthen the case that the aerosol does play a role in invigorating convective clouds. C1 [Koren, I.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci & Energy Res, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Feingold, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Remer, L. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Koren, I (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci & Energy Res, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM ilan.koren@weizmann.ac.il RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Koren, Ilan/K-1417-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Koren, Ilan/0000-0001-6759-6265; FU Cooperative Institute for research in the Environmental Sciences (CIRES); NOAA; NASA FX IK acknowledges a visiting fellowship from the Cooperative Institute for research in the Environmental Sciences (CIRES) for supporting this work. GF and IK acknowledge support from NOAA's Climate Goal. LR and IK acknowledge support from NASA's Interdisciplinary Science program. NR 98 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 18 BP 8855 EP 8872 DI 10.5194/acp-10-8855-2010 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 657RC UT WOS:000282429000011 ER PT J AU Wood, EC Canagaratna, MR Herndon, SC Onasch, TB Kolb, CE Worsnop, DR Kroll, JH Knighton, WB Seila, R Zavala, M Molina, LT DeCarlo, PF Jimenez, JL Weinheimer, AJ Knapp, DJ Jobson, BT Stutz, J Kuster, WC Williams, EJ AF Wood, E. C. Canagaratna, M. R. Herndon, S. C. Onasch, T. B. Kolb, C. E. Worsnop, D. R. Kroll, J. H. Knighton, W. B. Seila, R. Zavala, M. Molina, L. T. DeCarlo, P. F. Jimenez, J. L. Weinheimer, A. J. Knapp, D. J. Jobson, B. T. Stutz, J. Kuster, W. C. Williams, E. J. TI Investigation of the correlation between odd oxygen and secondary organic aerosol in Mexico City and Houston SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; POWERED MOTOR-VEHICLES; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; URBAN SUPERSITE T0; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; OZONE PRODUCTION; METROPOLITAN-AREA; HIGH-RESOLUTION; PART 1; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT AB Many recent models underpredict secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particulate matter (PM) concentrations in polluted regions, indicating serious deficiencies in the models' chemical mechanisms and/or missing SOA precursors. Since tropospheric photochemical ozone production is much better understood, we investigate the correlation of odd-oxygen ([O-x] [O-3]+[NO2]) and the oxygenated component of organic aerosol (OOA), which is interpreted as a surrogate for SOA. OOA and O-x measured in Mexico City in 2006 and Houston in 2000 were well correlated in air masses where both species were formed on similar timescales (less than 8 h) and not well correlated when their formation timescales or location differed greatly. When correlated, the ratio of these two species ranged from 30 mu g m(-3)/ppm (STP) in Houston during time periods affected by large petrochemical plant emissions to as high as 160 mu g m(-3)/ppm in Mexico City, where typical values were near 120 mu g m(-3)/ppm. On several days in Mexico City, the [OOA]/[O-x] ratio decreased by a factor of similar to 2 between 08: 00 and 13: 00 local time. This decrease is only partially attributable to evaporation of the least oxidized and most volatile components of OOA; differences in the diurnal emission trends and timescales for photochemical processing of SOA precursors compared to ozone precursors also likely contribute to the observed decrease. The extent of OOA oxidation increased with photochemical aging. Calculations of the ratio of the SOA formation rate to the O-x production rate using ambient VOC measurements and traditional laboratory SOA yields are lower than the observed [OOA]/[O-x] ratios by factors of 5 to 15, consistent with several other models' underestimates of SOA. Calculations of this ratio using emission factors for organic compounds from gasoline and diesel exhaust do not reproduce the observed ratio. Although not succesful in reproducing the atmospheric observations presented, modeling P(SOA)/P(O-x) can serve as a useful test of photochemical models using improved formulation mechanisms for SOA. C1 [Wood, E. C.; Canagaratna, M. R.; Herndon, S. C.; Onasch, T. B.; Kolb, C. E.; Worsnop, D. R.; Kroll, J. H.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Knighton, W. B.] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Seila, R.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zavala, M.; Molina, L. T.] Molina Ctr Energy & Environm, La Jolla, CA USA. [DeCarlo, P. F.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [DeCarlo, P. F.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Weinheimer, A. J.; Knapp, D. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Jobson, B. T.] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Stutz, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kuster, W. C.; Williams, E. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wood, EC (reprint author), Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. EM ezrawood@aerodyne.com RI Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; DeCarlo, Peter/B-2118-2008; Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Kolb, Charles/A-8596-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; DeCarlo, Peter/0000-0001-6385-7149; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Jobson, Bertram/0000-0003-1812-9745 FU NSF [ATM-528227, ATM-0528170, ATM-0513116, ATM-0449815]; DOE [DE-FGO2-05ER63982, DE-FGO2-05ER63980, DE-FG02-08ER64627]; NOAA [NA08OAR4310656] FX This work was funded in part by NSF grants ATM-528227, ATM-0528170, ATM-0513116, and ATM-0449815, DOE grants (BER, ASP program) DE-FGO2-05ER63982, DE-FGO2-05ER63980, and DE-FG02-08ER64627 and NOAA grant NA08OAR4310656. We gratefully acknowledge Linsey Marr for providing one of the chemiluminescence analyzers. We thank Manuel Quinones of Televisa for providing power and on-site support at PTP, Rafael Ramos for logistical assistance, and Lenny Stockburger for use of the aethelometer data from La Porte. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. NR 107 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 32 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 18 BP 8947 EP 8968 DI 10.5194/acp-10-8947-2010 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 657RC UT WOS:000282429000017 ER PT J AU Hirdman, D Burkhart, JF Sodemann, H Eckhardt, S Jefferson, A Quinn, PK Sharma, S Strom, J Stohl, A AF Hirdman, D. Burkhart, J. F. Sodemann, H. Eckhardt, S. Jefferson, A. Quinn, P. K. Sharma, S. Strom, J. Stohl, A. TI Long-term trends of black carbon and sulphate aerosol in the Arctic: changes in atmospheric transport and source region emissions SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; AIR-POLLUTION; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BARROW; ALASKA; CLASSIFICATION; PRECIPITATION; 20TH-CENTURY AB As a part of the IPY project POLARCAT (Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements and Models, of Climate, Chemistry, Aerosols and Transport) and building on previous work (Hirdman et al., 2010), this paper studies the long-term trends of both atmospheric transport as well as equivalent black carbon (EBC) and sulphate for the three Arctic stations Alert, Barrow and Zeppelin. We find a general downward trend in the measured EBC concentrations at all three stations, with a decrease of -2.1 +/- 0.4 ng m(-3) yr(-1) (for the years 1989-2008) and -1.4 +/- 0.8 ng m(-3) yr(-1) (2002-2009) at Alert and Zeppelin respectively. The decrease at Barrow is, however, not statistically significant. The measured sulphate concentrations show a decreasing trend at Alert and Zeppelin of -15 +/- 3 ng m(-3) yr(-1) (1985-2006) and -1.3 +/- 1.2 ng m(-3) yr(-1) (1990-2008) respectively, while there is no trend detectable at Barrow. To reveal the contribution of different source regions on these trends, we used a cluster analysis of the output of the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART run backward in time from the measurement stations. We have investigated to what extent variations in the atmospheric circulation, expressed as variations in the frequencies of the transport from four source regions with different emission rates, can explain the long-term trends in EBC and sulphate measured at these stations. We find that the long-term trend in the atmospheric circulation can only explain a minor fraction of the overall downward trend seen in the measurements of EBC (0.3-7.2%) and sulphate (0.3-5.3%) at the Arctic stations. The changes in emissions are dominant in explaining the trends. We find that the highest EBC and sulphate concentrations are associated with transport from Northern Eurasia and decreasing emissions in this region drive the downward trends. Northern Eurasia (cluster: NE, WNE and ENE) is the dominant emission source at all Arctic stations for both EBC and sulphate during most seasons. In wintertime, there are indications that the EBC emissions from the eastern parts of Northern Eurasia (ENE cluster) have increased over the last decade. C1 [Jefferson, A.] NOAA, ESRL, Global Monitoring Div, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Jefferson, A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, PMEL, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Strom, J.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Tromso, Norway. EM dhi@nilu.no RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Jefferson, Anne/K-4793-2012; Eckhardt, Sabine/I-4001-2012; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Eckhardt, Sabine/0000-0001-6958-5375; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Burkhart, John/0000-0002-5587-1693 FU Swedish Environmental Protection Agency; Swedish Research Council; Norwegian Research Council FX We thank ECMWF and met.no for access to the ECMWF archives. We would also like to thank the Global Monitoring Division at NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, the Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate at Environment Canada and KLIF Norway for providing data. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and the Swedish Research Council have sponsored EBC measurements at Zeppelin. Funding for this study was provided by the Norwegian Research Council through the POLARCAT and SUMSVAL projects. NR 77 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 47 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 19 BP 9351 EP 9368 DI 10.5194/acp-10-9351-2010 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 665WG UT WOS:000283066300008 ER PT J AU Warner, JX Wei, Z Strow, LL Barnet, CD Sparling, LC Diskin, G Sachse, G AF Warner, J. X. Wei, Z. Strow, L. L. Barnet, C. D. Sparling, L. C. Diskin, G. Sachse, G. TI Improved agreement of AIRS tropospheric carbon monoxide products with other EOS sensors using optimal estimation retrievals SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NADIR RETRIEVALS; SPRING 2006; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION; MOPITT; TES; CO; MISSION; AIRS/AMSU/HSB; VARIABILITY AB We present in this paper an alternative retrieval algorithm for the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) tropospheric Carbon Monoxide (CO) products using the Optimal Estimation (OE) technique, which is different from the AIRS operational algorithm. The primary objective for this study was to compare AIRS CO, as well as the other retrieval properties such as the Averaging Kernels (AKs), the Degrees of Freedom for Signal (DOFS), and the error covariance matrix, against the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and the Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) CO, which were also derived using the OE technique. We also demonstrate that AIRS OE CO results are much more realistic than AIRS V5 operational CO, especially in the lower troposphere and in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). These products are validated with in situ profiles obtained by the Differential Absorption Carbon Monoxide Measurements (DACOM), which took place as part of NASA's Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment (INTEX-B) field mission that was conducted over the northern Pacific in Spring 2006. To demonstrate the differences existing in the current operational products we first show a detailed direct comparison between AIRS V5 and TES operational V3 CO for the global datasets from December 2005 to July 2008. We then present global CO comparisons between AIRS OE, TES V3, and MOPITT V4 at selected pressure levels as well as for the total column amounts. We conclude that the tropospheric CO retrievals from AIRS OE and TES V3 agree to within 5-10 ppbv or 5% on average globally and throughout the free troposphere. The agreements in total column CO amounts between AIRS OE and MOPITT V4 have improved significantly compared to AIRS V5 with global relative RMS differences now being 12.7%. C1 [Warner, J. X.; Wei, Z.; Strow, L. L.; Sparling, L. C.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Barnet, C. D.] NOAA NESDIS ORA, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Diskin, G.; Sachse, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23693 USA. RP Warner, JX (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, 5523 Res Pk Dr,Suite 320, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM juying@umbc.edu RI Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010 FU NASA [NNX07AM45G, NNG06GB04G] FX This study was supported by the NASA Atmospheric Composition Program (NNX07AM45G) and the Global Tropospheric Chemistry Program (NNG06GB04G). We acknowledge the AIRS, TES, and MOPITT Science Teams for the satellite products used in this study. We also acknowledge the INTEX-B Science Team for providing high quality in situ measurements. NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 19 BP 9521 EP 9533 DI 10.5194/acp-10-9521-2010 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 665WG UT WOS:000283066300019 ER PT J AU Liousse, C Guillaume, B Gregoire, JM Mallet, M Galy, C Pont, V Akpo, A Bedou, M Castera, P Dungall, L Gardrat, E Granier, C Konare, A Malavelle, F Mariscal, A Mieville, A Rosset, R Serca, D Solmon, F Tummon, F Assamoi, E Yoboue, V Van Velthoven, P AF Liousse, C. Guillaume, B. Gregoire, J. M. Mallet, M. Galy, C. Pont, V. Akpo, A. Bedou, M. Castera, P. Dungall, L. Gardrat, E. Granier, C. Konare, A. Malavelle, F. Mariscal, A. Mieville, A. Rosset, R. Serca, D. Solmon, F. Tummon, F. Assamoi, E. Yoboue, V. Van Velthoven, P. TI Updated African biomass burning emission inventories in the framework of the AMMA-IDAF program, with an evaluation of combustion aerosols SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; ATTENUATION CROSS-SECTION; FIRE RADIATIVE ENERGY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; WEST-AFRICA; CARBONACEOUS AEROSOL; VEGETATION FIRES; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; HETEROGENEOUS CHEMISTRY; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE AB African biomass burning emission inventories for gaseous and particulate species have been constructed at a resolution of 1 km by 1km with daily coverage for the 2000-2007 period. These inventories are higher than the GFED2 inventories, which are currently widely in use. Evaluation specifically focusing on combustion aerosol has been carried out with the ORISAM-TM4 global chemistry transport model which includes a detailed aerosol module. This paper compares modeled results with measurements of surface BC concentrations and scattering coefficients from the AMMA Enhanced Observations period, aerosol optical depths and single scattering albedo from AERONET sunphotometers, LIDAR vertical distributions of extinction coefficients as well as satellite data. Aerosol seasonal and interannual evolutions over the 2004-2007 period observed at regional scale and more specifically at the Djougou (Benin) and Banizoumbou (Niger) AMMA/IDAF sites are well reproduced by our global model, indicating that our biomass burning emission inventory appears reasonable. C1 [Liousse, C.; Guillaume, B.; Mallet, M.; Galy, C.; Pont, V.; Castera, P.; Gardrat, E.; Malavelle, F.; Rosset, R.; Serca, D.; Solmon, F.; Tummon, F.; Assamoi, E.] Univ Toulouse, Lab Aerol, CNRS, UMR5560, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Gregoire, J. M.] European Commiss IES, JRC, GEM Unit, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. [Akpo, A.] Univ Abomey Calavi, Fac Sci & Tech, Cotonou, Benin. [Bedou, M.; Konare, A.; Yoboue, V.] Univ Cocody Abidjan, UFR SSMT 22, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Dungall, L.] Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Niamey, Niger. [Granier, C.; Mieville, A.] Univ Paris 06, UPMC, CNRS INSU, LATMOS IPSL, F-75005 Paris, France. [Granier, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Granier, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mariscal, A.] LGIT, F-38400 St Martin Dheres, France. [Van Velthoven, P.] KNMI Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, Chem & Climate Div, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. RP Liousse, C (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, Lab Aerol, CNRS, UMR5560, 14 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France. EM lioc@aero.obs-mip.fr RI Granier, Claire/D-5360-2013; Serca, Dominique/I-2964-2016 OI Granier, Claire/0000-0001-7344-7995; FU European Community FX Based on a French initiative, AMMA was built by an international scientific group and is currently funded by a large number of agencies, especially from France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Africa. It has been the beneficiary of a major financial contribution from the European Community's Sixth Framework Research Programme. Detailed information on scientific coordination and funding is available on the AMMA international website at www.amma-international.org. NR 117 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 19 BP 9631 EP 9646 DI 10.5194/acp-10-9631-2010 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 665WG UT WOS:000283066300026 ER PT J AU Spackman, JR Gao, RS Neff, WD Schwarz, JP Watts, LA Fahey, DW Holloway, JS Ryerson, TB Peischl, J Brock, CA AF Spackman, J. R. Gao, R. S. Neff, W. D. Schwarz, J. P. Watts, L. A. Fahey, D. W. Holloway, J. S. Ryerson, T. B. Peischl, J. Brock, C. A. TI Aircraft observations of enhancement and depletion of black carbon mass in the springtime Arctic SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SNOW; HAZE; TROPOSPHERE; PARTICLES; ICE; 20TH-CENTURY; POLLUTION; AEROSOLS; BROMINE; MISSION AB Understanding the processes controlling black carbon (BC) in the Arctic is crucial for evaluating the impact of anthropogenic and natural sources of BC on Arctic climate. Vertical profiles of BC mass loadings were observed from the surface to near 7-km altitude in April 2008 using a Single-Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) during flights on the NOAA WP-3D research aircraft from Fairbanks, Alaska. These measurements were conducted during the NOAA-sponsored Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) project. In the free troposphere, the Arctic air mass was influenced by long-range transport from biomass-burning and anthropogenic source regions at lower latitudes especially during the latter part of the campaign. Average BC mass mixing ratios peaked at about 150 ng BC (kg dry air)(-1) near 5.5 km altitude in the aged Arctic air mass and 250 ng kg(-1) at 4.5 km in biomass-burning influenced air. BC mass loadings were enhanced by up to a factor of 5 in biomass-burning influenced air compared to the aged Arctic air mass. At the bottom of some of the profiles, positive vertical gradients in BC were observed over the sea-ice. The vertical profiles generally occurred in the vicinity of open leads in the sea-ice. In the aged Arctic air mass, BC mass loadings more than doubled with increasing altitude within the ABL and across the boundary layer transition while carbon monoxide (CO) remained constant. This is evidence for depletion of BC mass in the ABL. BC mass loadings were positively correlated with O-3 in ozone depletion events (ODEs) for all the observations in the ABL. Since bromine catalytically destroys ozone in the ABL after being released as molecular bromine in regions of new sea-ice formation at the surface, the BC-O-3 correlation suggests that BC particles were removed by a surface process such as dry deposition. We develop a box model to estimate the dry deposition flux of BC mass to the snow constrained by the vertical profiles of BC mass in the ABL. Open leads in the sea-ice may increase vertical mixing and entrainment of pollution from the free troposphere possibly enhancing the deposition of BC aerosol to the snow. C1 [Spackman, J. R.; Gao, R. S.; Schwarz, J. P.; Watts, L. A.; Fahey, D. W.; Holloway, J. S.; Ryerson, T. B.; Peischl, J.; Brock, C. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Spackman, J. R.; Schwarz, J. P.; Watts, L. A.; Fahey, D. W.; Holloway, J. S.; Peischl, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Neff, W. D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Spackman, JR (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. EM ryan.spackman@noaa.gov RI Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Watts, Laurel/G-4532-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012 OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Watts, Laurel/0000-0002-0834-3329; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594 FU NOAA; NASA FX We are grateful to K. D. Froyd and S. Lance for PALMS and cloud probe data, respectively, used to exclude cloud sampling from the black carbon data. We also thank J. Cozic for particle number concentration data supporting this analysis. This research was supported by the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program, the NASA Radiation Sciences Program, and the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program. NR 50 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 19 BP 9667 EP 9680 DI 10.5194/acp-10-9667-2010 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 665WG UT WOS:000283066300029 ER PT J AU Corbett, JJ Lack, DA Winebrake, JJ Harder, S Silberman, JA Gold, M AF Corbett, J. J. Lack, D. A. Winebrake, J. J. Harder, S. Silberman, J. A. Gold, M. TI Arctic shipping emissions inventories and future scenarios SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BLACK CARBON; CLIMATE; DIOXIDE; IMPACTS; OCEAN; SNOW AB This paper presents 5 km x 5 km Arctic emissions inventories of important greenhouse gases, black carbon and other pollutants under existing and future (2050) scenarios that account for growth of shipping in the region, potential diversion traffic through emerging routes, and possible emissions control measures. These high-resolution, geospatial emissions inventories for shipping can be used to evaluate Arctic climate sensitivity to black carbon (a short-lived climate forcing pollutant especially effective in accelerating the melting of ice and snow), aerosols, and gaseous emissions including carbon dioxide. We quantify ship emissions scenarios which are expected to increase as declining sea ice coverage due to climate change allows for increased shipping activity in the Arctic. A first-order calculation of global warming potential due to 2030 emissions in the high-growth scenario suggests that short-lived forcing of similar to 4.5 gigagrams of black carbon from Arctic shipping may increase global warming potential due to Arctic ships' CO2 emissions (similar to 42 000 gigagrams) by some 17% to 78%. The paper also presents maximum feasible reduction scenarios for black carbon in particular. These emissions reduction scenarios will enable scientists and policymakers to evaluate the efficacy and benefits of technological controls for black carbon, and other pollutants from ships. C1 [Corbett, J. J.] Univ Delaware, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmosphere, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Lack, D. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lack, D. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Winebrake, J. J.] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Harder, S.] Transport Canada, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2J8, Canada. [Silberman, J. A.] GIS Consulting, Unionville, PA 19375 USA. [Gold, M.] Canadian Coast Guard, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada. RP Corbett, JJ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmosphere, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM jcorbett@udel.edu RI Corbett, James/B-3321-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012 OI Corbett, James/0000-0002-2588-3474; FU Clean Air Task Force; Transport Canada; Energy and Environmental Research Associates; ClimateWorks; International Council on Clean Transportation; NOAA FX This work was made possible by the assistance and support of a number of groups and individuals. The work of the Arctic Council in producing the Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment, and the efforts of lead and contributing authors to that study resulted in the underlying data for this work. Partial sponsors include the Clean Air Task Force, Transport Canada, Energy and Environmental Research Associates, ClimateWorks, the International Council on Clean Transportation, and NOAA's Climate Program. Erin Green provided important insights into determining MFR scenario control efficacy. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not constitute official positions or policy of sponsoring or affiliated organizations. NR 53 TC 76 Z9 82 U1 5 U2 49 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 19 BP 9689 EP 9704 DI 10.5194/acp-10-9689-2010 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 665WG UT WOS:000283066300031 ER PT J AU Randles, CA Ramaswamy, V AF Randles, C. A. Ramaswamy, V. TI Direct and semi-direct impacts of absorbing biomass burning aerosol on the climate of southern Africa: a Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory GCM sensitivity study SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BLACK CARBON AEROSOLS; OPTICAL DEPTH; SAFARI 2000; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; SIMULATION; ANOMALIES; AERONET; MODELS; CLOUDS AB Tropospheric aerosols emitted from biomass burning reduce solar radiation at the surface and locally heat the atmosphere. Equilibrium simulations using an atmospheric general circulation model (GFDL AGCM) indicate that strong atmospheric absorption from these particles can cool the surface and increase upward motion and low-level convergence over southern Africa during the dry season. These changes increase sea level pressure over land in the biomass burning region and spin-up the hydrologic cycle by increasing clouds, atmospheric water vapor, and, to a lesser extent, precipitation. Cloud increases serve to reinforce the surface radiative cooling tendency of the aerosol. Conversely, if the climate over southern Africa were hypothetically forced by high loadings of scattering aerosol, then the change in the low-level circulation and increased subsidence would serve to decrease clouds, precipitation, and atmospheric water vapor. Surface cooling associated with scattering-only aerosols is mitigated by warming from cloud decreases. The direct and semi-direct climate impacts of biomass burning aerosol over southern Africa are sensitive to the total amount of aerosol absorption and how clouds change in response to the aerosol-induced heating of the atmosphere. C1 [Randles, C. A.; Ramaswamy, V.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ramaswamy, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Randles, CA (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Code 613-3, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM crandles@umbc.edu RI Randles, Cynthia/B-6972-2013 FU Department of Energy (DOE); Princeton AOS program FX The authors thank Paul Ginoux and Hiram Levy II for thoughtful comments on the manuscript. We thank Omar Torres for providing daily EP-TOMS retrievals of AOD and SSA for 2000 and the AERONET investigators and their staff for establishing and maintaining the 18 sites used in this investigation. We also thank the four anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that have improved this work. CAR acknowledges funding from the Department of Energy (DOE) Graduate Research Environmental Fellowship (GREF) and the Princeton AOS program. NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 20 BP 9819 EP 9831 DI 10.5194/acp-10-9819-2010 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 673LH UT WOS:000283663000007 ER PT J AU Boxe, CS Worden, JR Bowman, KW Kulawik, SS Neu, JL Ford, WC Osterman, GB Herman, RL Eldering, A Tarasick, DW Thompson, AM Doughty, DC Hoffmann, MR Oltmans, SJ AF Boxe, C. S. Worden, J. R. Bowman, K. W. Kulawik, S. S. Neu, J. L. Ford, W. C. Osterman, G. B. Herman, R. L. Eldering, A. Tarasick, D. W. Thompson, A. M. Doughty, D. C. Hoffmann, M. R. Oltmans, S. J. TI Validation of northern latitude Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer stare ozone profiles with ARC-IONS sondes during ARCTAS: sensitivity, bias and error analysis SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOMS MEASUREMENTS; AURA MISSION; SATELLITE; RETRIEVAL; TES; CONVECTION; MODEL; SCALE AB We compare Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) versions 3 and 4, V003 and V004, respectively, nadirstare ozone profiles with ozonesonde profiles from the Arctic Intensive Ozonesonde Network Study (ARCIONS, http://croc.gsfc.nasa.gov/arcions/) during the Arctic Research on the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) field mission. The ozonesonde data are from launches timed to match Aura's overpass, where 11 coincidences spanned 44 degrees N to 71 degrees N from April to July 2008. Using the TES "stare" observation mode, 32 observations are taken over each coincidental ozonesonde launch. By effectively sampling the same air mass 32 times, comparisons are made between the empirically-calculated random errors to the expected random errors from measurement noise, temperature and interfering species, such as water. This study represents the first validation of high latitude (>70 degrees) TES ozone. We find that the calculated errors are consistent with the actual errors with a similar vertical distribution that varies between 5% and 20% for V003 and V004 TES data. In general, TES ozone profiles are positively biased (by less than 15%) from the surface to the upper-troposphere (similar to 1000 to 100 hPa) and negatively biased (by less than 20%) from the upper-troposphere to the lower-stratosphere (100 to 30 hPa) when compared to the ozonesonde data. Lastly, for V003 and V004 TES data between 44 degrees N and 71 degrees N there is variability in the mean biases (from -14 to +15%), mean theoretical errors (from 6 to 13%), and mean random errors (from 9 to 19%). C1 [Boxe, C. S.; Ford, W. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Earth & Space Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Thompson, A. M.; Doughty, D. C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Tarasick, D. W.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Oltmans, S. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Boxe, CS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Earth & Space Sci, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM christopher.boxe@jpl.nasa.gov RI Herman, Robert/H-9389-2012; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014; OI Herman, Robert/0000-0001-7063-6424; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The work described here is performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contracts with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 44 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 20 BP 9901 EP 9914 DI 10.5194/acp-10-9901-2010 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 673LH UT WOS:000283663000012 ER PT J AU Parrish, DD Aikin, KC Oltmans, SJ Johnson, BJ Ives, M Sweeny, C AF Parrish, D. D. Aikin, K. C. Oltmans, S. J. Johnson, B. J. Ives, M. Sweeny, C. TI Impact of transported background ozone inflow on summertime air quality in a California ozone exceedance area SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL WIND; UNITED-STATES; SACRAMENTO; EVOLUTION; VALLEY AB Ozone sondes launched from Trinidad Head, California provide a measure of background O(3) transported ashore, and allow an evaluation of the impact of this transport on air quality in California's Northern Sacramento Valley. A strong summertime vertical O(3) gradient and correlation analysis indicate that O(3)-rich air from above the marine boundary layer is transported to the surface. Surface O(3) is found to increase proportionally to the transported background. At the surface site experiencing the highest O(3) concentrations, the mean maximum daily 8-h average (MDA8) O(3) on exceedance days (i.e. those days when MDA8 O(3) exceeds 75 ppbv) is 20 ppbv higher than on non-exceedance days. The transported background O(3), as measured 22 h earlier by the Trinidad Head sondes, accounts for more than half (11 ppbv) of this difference. This finding contrasts with conclusions from model calculations that indicate the US policy relevant O(3) background is generally 15-35 ppbv, and that it is lower, rather than higher, during pollution episodes. The present work indicates that O(3) transported on hemispheric scales substantially impacts air quality in some areas of the US. C1 [Parrish, D. D.; Aikin, K. C.] NOAA ESRL Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Aikin, K. C.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Oltmans, S. J.; Johnson, B. J.; Sweeny, C.] NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ives, M.] Humboldt State Marine Lab, Trinidad Head, CA 95570 USA. RP Parrish, DD (reprint author), NOAA ESRL Chem Sci Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.d.parrish@noaa.gov RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Aikin, Kenneth/I-1973-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; NR 21 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 20 BP 10093 EP 10109 DI 10.5194/acp-10-10093-2010 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 673LH UT WOS:000283663000027 ER PT J AU Gilman, JB Burkhart, JF Lerner, BM Williams, EJ Kuster, WC Goldan, PD Murphy, PC Warneke, C Fowler, C Montzka, SA Miller, BR Miller, L Oltmans, SJ Ryerson, TB Cooper, OR Stohl, A de Gouw, JA AF Gilman, J. B. Burkhart, J. F. Lerner, B. M. Williams, E. J. Kuster, W. C. Goldan, P. D. Murphy, P. C. Warneke, C. Fowler, C. Montzka, S. A. Miller, B. R. Miller, L. Oltmans, S. J. Ryerson, T. B. Cooper, O. R. Stohl, A. de Gouw, J. A. TI Ozone variability and halogen oxidation within the Arctic and sub-Arctic springtime boundary layer SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; POLAR SUNRISE EXPERIMENT; SURFACE OZONE; SEA-ICE; ATOM CHEMISTRY; HYDROCARBON MEASUREMENTS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; BROMINE PRODUCTION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS AB The influence of halogen oxidation on the variabilities of ozone (O-3) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) within the Arctic and sub-Arctic atmospheric boundary layer was investigated using field measurements from multiple campaigns conducted in March and April 2008 as part of the POLARCAT project. For the ship-based measurements, a high degree of correlation (r = 0.98 for 544 data points collected north of 68 degrees N) was observed between the acetylene to benzene ratio, used as a marker for chlorine and bromine oxidation, and O-3 signifying the vast influence of halogen oxidation throughout the ice-free regions of the North Atlantic. Concurrent airborne and ground-based measurements in the Alaskan Arctic substantiated this correlation and were used to demonstrate that halogen oxidation influenced O-3 variability throughout the Arctic boundary layer during these springtime studies. Measurements aboard the R/V Knorr in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans provided a unique view of the transport of O-3-poor air masses from the Arctic Basin to latitudes as far south as 52 degrees N. FLEXPART, a Lagrangian transport model, was used to quantitatively determine the exposure of air masses encountered by the ship to first-year ice (FYI), multi-year ice (MYI), and total ICE (FYI+MYI). O-3 anti-correlated with the modeled total ICE tracer (r = -0.86) indicating that up to 73% of the O-3 variability measured in the Arctic marine boundary layer could be related to sea ice exposure. C1 [Gilman, J. B.; Lerner, B. M.; Williams, E. J.; Kuster, W. C.; Goldan, P. D.; Murphy, P. C.; Warneke, C.; Montzka, S. A.; Miller, B. R.; Miller, L.; Oltmans, S. J.; Ryerson, T. B.; Cooper, O. R.; de Gouw, J. A.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Gilman, J. B.; Lerner, B. M.; Williams, E. J.; Goldan, P. D.; Murphy, P. C.; Warneke, C.; Miller, B. R.; Miller, L.; Cooper, O. R.; de Gouw, J. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Burkhart, J. F.; Stohl, A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Kjeller, Norway. [Fowler, C.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gilman, JB (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. EM jessica.gilman@noaa.gov RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Miller, Benjamin/0000-0003-1647-0122; Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400; Burkhart, John/0000-0002-5587-1693 FU NOAA's Climate Program Office; Norwegian Research Council [175916] FX The authors would like to thank the crew members and fellow scientists aboard the R/V Knorr and the NOAA WP-3D for their help and expertise. The radon measurements aboard the R/V Knorr were provided by J. E. Johnson and T. S. Bates of NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. The authors thank the station personnel responsible for filling flasks and overseeing the O3 monitors at BRW and THD. Results from BRW, THD, and from the NWAS during ARCPAC were supported in part by the Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program of NOAA's Climate Program Office. Support of the FLEXPART analysis for this study was provided by the Norwegian Research Council through the POLARCAT project (NFR#175916). NR 65 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 21 BP 10223 EP 10236 DI 10.5194/acp-10-10223-2010 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 680CQ UT WOS:000284210400005 ER PT J AU Rigby, M Muhle, J Miller, BR Prinn, RG Krummel, PB Steele, LP Fraser, PJ Salameh, PK Harth, CM Weiss, RF Greally, BR O'Doherty, S Simmonds, PG Vollmer, MK Reimann, S Kim, J Kim, KR Wang, HJ Olivier, JGJ Dlugokencky, EJ Dutton, GS Hall, BD Elkins, JW AF Rigby, M. Muehle, J. Miller, B. R. Prinn, R. G. Krummel, P. B. Steele, L. P. Fraser, P. J. Salameh, P. K. Harth, C. M. Weiss, R. F. Greally, B. R. O'Doherty, S. Simmonds, P. G. Vollmer, M. K. Reimann, S. Kim, J. Kim, K. -R. Wang, H. J. Olivier, J. G. J. Dlugokencky, E. J. Dutton, G. S. Hall, B. D. Elkins, J. W. TI History of atmospheric SF6 from 1973 to 2008 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; TRANSPORT; MODEL; AIR; STRATOSPHERE; GROUNDWATER; TROPOSPHERE; TRENDS; TRACER AB We present atmospheric sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) mole fractions and emissions estimates from the 1970s to 2008. Measurements were made of archived air samples starting from 1973 in the Northern Hemisphere and from 1978 in the Southern Hemisphere, using the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) systems. These measurements were combined with modern high-frequency GC-MS and GC-electron capture detection (ECD) data from AGAGE monitoring sites, to produce a unique 35-year atmospheric record of this potent greenhouse gas. Atmospheric mole fractions were found to have increased by more than an order of magnitude between 1973 and 2008. The 2008 growth rate was the highest recorded, at 0.29 +/- 0.02 pmol mol(-1) yr(-1). A three-dimensional chemical transport model and a minimum variance Bayesian inverse method was used to estimate annual emission rates using the measurements, with a priori estimates from the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR, version 4). Consistent with the mole fraction growth rate maximum, global emissions during 2008 were also the highest in the 1973-2008 period, reaching 7.4 +/- 0.6 Gg yr(-1) (1-sigma uncertainties) and surpassing the previous maximum in 1995. The 2008 values follow an increase in emissions of 48 +/- 20% since 2001. A second global inversion which also incorporated National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) flask measurements and in situ monitoring site data agreed well with the emissions derived using AGAGE measurements alone. By estimating continent-scale emissions using all available AGAGE and NOAA surface measurements covering the period 2004-2008, with no pollution filtering, we find that it is likely that much of the global emissions rise during this five-year period originated primarily from Asian developing countries that do not report detailed, annual emissions to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). We also find it likely that SF6 emissions reported to the UNFCCC were underestimated between at least 2004 and 2005. C1 [Rigby, M.; Prinn, R. G.] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Muehle, J.; Salameh, P. K.; Harth, C. M.; Weiss, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Miller, B. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Krummel, P. B.; Steele, L. P.; Fraser, P. J.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Greally, B. R.; O'Doherty, S.; Simmonds, P. G.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol, Avon, England. [Vollmer, M. K.; Reimann, S.] Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing & Res, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Kim, J.; Kim, K. -R.] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151, South Korea. [Wang, H. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Olivier, J. G. J.] Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy PBL, Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Kim, K. -R.] Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Oceanog, Seoul 151, South Korea. [Dlugokencky, E. J.; Dutton, G. S.; Hall, B. D.; Elkins, J. W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Rigby, M (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM mrigby@mit.edu RI Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Reimann, Stefan/A-2327-2009; Rigby, Matthew/A-5555-2012; Fraser, Paul/D-1755-2012; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; OI Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Reimann, Stefan/0000-0002-9885-7138; Rigby, Matthew/0000-0002-2020-9253; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Miller, Benjamin/0000-0003-1647-0122 FU NASA, US [NNX07AE89G, NNX07AF09G, NNX07AE87G]; Defra, UK; CSIRO; Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology in Australia; Korea Meteorological Administration [CATER 2009-4109]; NOAA, UK; California Energy Commission FX The AGAGE research program is supported by the NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program in the US with grants NNX07AE89G to MIT, NNX07AF09G and NNX07AE87G to SIO, Defra and NOAA in the UK, CSIRO and the Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology in Australia. SF6 measurements at Gosan were supported by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER 2009-4109. We wish to thank Louisa Emmons and Stacy Walters at NCAR for their invaluable help with the MOZART v4 model. We especially thank S. A. Montzka (NOAA/GMD), C. D. Keeling (deceased) and R. F. Keeling (SIO), and R. C. Rhew (UCB) for air samples. We also thank R. A. Rasmussen and the Oregon Graduate Institute (OGI) for originally collecting the Cape Meares Northern Hemispheric samples which were provided by NOAA-ESRL, NILU, and CSIRO. We are grateful to Marc Fisher at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for operating the WCG and STR tower sites with support from the California Energy Commission's Public Interest Environmental Research program. We are also grateful to Arlyn Andews for her contributions regarding the NOAA tower measurements. We thank Ingeborg Levin, University of Heidelberg, for providing SF6 data shown in the Supplement. We thank the EDGAR v4 team for compiling and providing the gridded SF6 emissions, used as prior emissions in the inversion calculations and the emissions per country and region for the comparisons. We are extremely grateful to Nada Derek (CSIRO) for her valuable work in compiling UNFCCC emissions estimates for use in this paper. We are indebted to the staff at the AGAGE and NOAA sites for their continuing contributions to produce high quality measurements of atmospheric trace gases. In particular, we are indebted to the late Laurie Porter, whose meticulous work and incisive mind contributed so much to the SF6 record from Cape Grim. NR 42 TC 50 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 21 BP 10305 EP 10320 DI 10.5194/acp-10-10305-2010 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 680CQ UT WOS:000284210400010 ER PT J AU Xiao, X Prinn, RG Fraser, PJ Weiss, RF Simmonds, PG O'Doherty, S Miller, BR Salameh, PK Harth, CM Krummel, PB Golombek, A Porter, LW Butler, JH Elkins, JW Dutton, GS Hall, BD Steele, LP Wang, RHJ Cunnold, DM AF Xiao, X. Prinn, R. G. Fraser, P. J. Weiss, R. F. Simmonds, P. G. O'Doherty, S. Miller, B. R. Salameh, P. K. Harth, C. M. Krummel, P. B. Golombek, A. Porter, L. W. Butler, J. H. Elkins, J. W. Dutton, G. S. Hall, B. D. Steele, L. P. Wang, R. H. J. Cunnold, D. M. TI Atmospheric three-dimensional inverse modeling of regional industrial emissions and global oceanic uptake of carbon tetrachloride SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODELS; ASSIMILATED WINDS; HALOCARBONS; LIFETIMES; CHEMISTRY; GASES; CCL4; TRENDS; AIR AB Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) has substantial stratospheric ozone depletion potential and its consumption is controlled under the Montreal Protocol and its amendments. We implement a Kalman filter using atmospheric CCl4 measurements and a 3-dimensional chemical transport model to estimate the interannual regional industrial emissions and seasonal global oceanic uptake of CCl4 for the period of 1996-2004. The Model of Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry (MATCH), driven by offline National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis meteorological fields, is used to simulate CCl4 mole fractions and calculate their sensitivities to regional sources and sinks using a finite difference approach. High frequency observations from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) and the Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and low frequency flask observations are together used to constrain the source and sink magnitudes, estimated as factors that multiply the a priori fluxes. Although industry data imply that the global industrial emissions were substantially declining with large interannual variations, the optimized results show only small interannual variations and a small decreasing trend. The global surface CCl4 mole fractions were declining in this period because the CCl4 oceanic and stratospheric sinks exceeded the industrial emissions. Compared to the a priori values, the inversion results indicate substantial increases in industrial emissions originating from the South Asian/Indian and Southeast Asian regions, and significant decreases in emissions from the European and North American regions. C1 [Fraser, P. J.; Krummel, P. B.; Steele, L. P.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [Weiss, R. F.; Salameh, P. K.; Harth, C. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Simmonds, P. G.; O'Doherty, S.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol, Avon, England. [Miller, B. R.; Butler, J. H.; Elkins, J. W.; Dutton, G. S.; Hall, B. D.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Porter, L. W.] Australian Govt Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia. [Wang, R. H. J.; Cunnold, D. M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Xiao, X.; Prinn, R. G.; Golombek, A.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Xiao, X (reprint author), Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM xue.xiao@rice.edu RI Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Fraser, Paul/D-1755-2012; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; OI Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Miller, Benjamin/0000-0003-1647-0122 FU NASA [NNX07AE89G, NAG5-12669, NAG5-12099, NNX07AF09G, NNX07AE87G]; NSF [ATM-0120468]; Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research; DEFRA [EPG 1/1/159, CPEG 24, GA01081]; NOAA-ESRL FX The inversions and the AGAGE measurements were supported by a variety of sources, including: NASA grants NNX07AE89G, NAG5-12669 and NAG5-12099 (and associated NCCS computer support), and NSF grant ATM-0120468 (and associated NCAR computer support) to MIT; NASA grants NNX07AF09G and NNX07AE87G, to SIO; the Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research; and DEFRA grants EPG 1/1/159, CPEG 24, and GA01081 to Bristol University. The HATS flask and HATS high frequency in situ measurements were supported by NOAA-ESRL. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 21 BP 10421 EP 10434 DI 10.5194/acp-10-10421-2010 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 680CQ UT WOS:000284210400017 ER PT J AU Lim, YB Tan, Y Perri, MJ Seitzinger, SP Turpin, BJ AF Lim, Y. B. Tan, Y. Perri, M. J. Seitzinger, S. P. Turpin, B. J. TI Aqueous chemistry and its role in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADICAL-INITIATED REACTIONS; OLIGOMER FORMATION; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHASE REACTIONS; RATE CONSTANTS; HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS; MULTIPHASE CHEMISTRY; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PARTICULATE MATTER AB There is a growing understanding that secondary organic aerosol (SOA) can form through reactions in atmospheric waters (i.e., clouds, fogs, and aerosol water). In clouds and wet aerosols, water-soluble organic products of gas-phase photochemistry dissolve into the aqueous phase where they can react further (e. g., with OH radicals) to form low volatility products that are largely retained in the particle phase. Organic acids, oligomers and other products form via radical and non-radical reactions, including hemiacetal formation during droplet evaporation, acid/base catalysis, and reaction of organics with other constituents (e.g., NH4+). This paper provides an overview of SOA formation through aqueous chemistry, including atmospheric evidence for this process and a review of radical and non-radical chemistry, using glyoxal as a model precursor. Previously unreported analyses and new kinetic modeling are reported herein to support the discussion of radical chemistry. Results suggest that reactions with OH radicals tend to be faster and form more SOA than non-radical reactions. In clouds these reactions yield organic acids, whereas in wet aerosols they yield large multifunctional humic-like substances formed via radical-radical reactions and their O/C ratios are near 1. C1 [Lim, Y. B.; Tan, Y.; Turpin, B. J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Perri, M. J.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Seitzinger, S. P.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Rutgers NOAA CMER Program, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Lim, YB (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM ylim@envsci.rutgers.edu RI Lim, Yong/A-5310-2013; Tan, Yi/A-2511-2010; Perri, Mark/E-9176-2010; Turpin, Barbara /D-8346-2012 OI Lim, Yong/0000-0001-5000-5991; Tan, Yi/0000-0002-5130-6056; FU US Environmental Protection Agency [R833751]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [0630298, OCE-0619608]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA07OAR4310279]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX This research has been supported by a grant from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program (Grant R833751), the National Science Foundation (NSF; 0630298), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA; NA07OAR4310279). Although the research described in this paper has been funded wholly or in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency's STAR program, it has not been subjected to any EPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. The authors acknowledge Melissa Soule, Elizabeth Kujawinski, Katye Altieri, Mary Moore, and funding sources of the WHOI FT-MS User's Facility (NSF OCE-0619608 and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation). NR 109 TC 194 Z9 198 U1 11 U2 180 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 21 BP 10521 EP 10539 DI 10.5194/acp-10-10521-2010 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 680CQ UT WOS:000284210400023 ER PT J AU Pike, RC Lee, JD Young, PJ Carver, GD Yang, X Warwick, N Moller, S Misztal, P Langford, B Stewart, D Reeves, CE Hewitt, CN Pyle, JA AF Pike, R. C. Lee, J. D. Young, P. J. Carver, G. D. Yang, X. Warwick, N. Moller, S. Misztal, P. Langford, B. Stewart, D. Reeves, C. E. Hewitt, C. N. Pyle, J. A. TI NOx and O-3 above a tropical rainforest: an analysis with a global and box model SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; REACTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NITROGEN-OXIDES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; DRY DEPOSITION; TRACE GASES; RURAL SITE AB A cross-platform field campaign, OP3, was conducted in the state of Sabah in Malaysian Borneo between April and July of 2008. Among the suite of observations recorded, the campaign included measurements of NOx and O-3-crucial outputs of any model chemistry mechanism. We describe the measurements of these species made from both the ground site and aircraft. We then use the output from two resolutions of the chemistry transport model p-TOMCAT to illustrate the ability of a global model chemical mechanism to capture the chemistry at the rainforest site. The basic model performance is good for NOx and poor for ozone. A box model containing the same chemical mechanism is used to explore the results of the global model in more depth and make comparisons between the two. Without some parameterization of the nighttime boundary layer - free troposphere mixing (i.e. the use of a dilution parameter), the box model does not reproduce the observations, pointing to the importance of adequately representing physical processes for comparisons with surface measurements. We conclude with a discussion of box model budget calculations of chemical re-action fluxes, deposition and mixing, and compare these results to output from p-TOMCAT. These show the same chemical mechanism behaves similarly in both models, but that emissions and advection play particularly strong roles in influencing the comparison to surface measurements. C1 [Pike, R. C.; Young, P. J.; Carver, G. D.; Yang, X.; Warwick, N.; Pyle, J. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Lee, J. D.] Univ York, NCAS, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Young, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Young, P. J.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Carver, G. D.; Pyle, J. A.] Univ Cambridge, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci Climate, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Moller, S.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Misztal, P.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol Edinburgh, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. [Misztal, P.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Chem, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Langford, B.; Hewitt, C. N.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Stewart, D.; Reeves, C. E.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Pike, RC (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. EM rachel.pike@atm.ch.cam.ac.uk RI Young, Paul/E-8739-2010; Hewitt, Charles Nicholas/B-1219-2009; Misztal, Pawel/B-8371-2009; Stewart, Dave/G-7491-2012; Langford, Ben/N-3072-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Moller, Sarah/0000-0003-4923-9509; Young, Paul/0000-0002-5608-8887; Hewitt, Charles Nicholas/0000-0001-7973-2666; Misztal, Pawel/0000-0003-1060-1750; Langford, Ben/0000-0002-6968-5197; FU Natural Environment Research Council; National Centre for Atmospheric Science; National Environment Research Council; Gates Cambridge Trust FX The authors would like to acknowledge the OP3 team for their help. We acknowledge the Malaysian and Sabah Governments for permission to conduct research in Malaysia and the Malaysian Meteorological Department (MMD, now Met Malaysia) for access to the Bukit Atur Global Atmosphere Watch tower. We thank the Natural Environment Research Council for their financial support of the OP3 campaign. B. L. and P. M. thank Brian Davison for his help in transporting and managing equipment. We also acknowledge the National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the National Environment Research Council's QUEST programme for their support in the development of the model. RCP acknowledges the Gates Cambridge Trust for funding. NR 63 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 21 BP 10607 EP 10620 DI 10.5194/acp-10-10607-2010 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 680CQ UT WOS:000284210400026 ER PT J AU Pommier, M Law, KS Clerbaux, C Turquety, S Hurtmans, D Hadji-Lazaro, J Coheur, PF Schlager, H Ancellet, G Paris, JD Nedelec, P Diskin, GS Podolske, JR Holloway, JS Bernath, P AF Pommier, M. Law, K. S. Clerbaux, C. Turquety, S. Hurtmans, D. Hadji-Lazaro, J. Coheur, P-F Schlager, H. Ancellet, G. Paris, J-D Nedelec, P. Diskin, G. S. Podolske, J. R. Holloway, J. S. Bernath, P. TI IASI carbon monoxide validation over the Arctic during POLARCAT spring and summer campaigns SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ACE-FTS; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CO; IASI/METOP; SATELLITE; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION; RETRIEVALS AB In this paper, we provide a detailed comparison between carbon monoxide (CO) data measured by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI)/MetOp and aircraft observations over the Arctic. The CO measurements were obtained during North American (NASA ARCTAS and NOAA ARCPAC) and European campaigns (POLARCAT-France, POLARCAT-GRACE and YAK-AEROSIB) as part of the International Polar Year (IPY) POLARCAT activity in spring and summer 2008. During the campaigns different air masses were sampled including clean air, polluted plumes originating from anthropogenic sources in Europe, Asia and North America, and forest fire plumes originating from Siberia and Canada. The paper illustrates that CO-rich plumes following different transport pathways were well captured by the IASI instrument, in particular due to the high spatial coverage of IASI. The comparison between IASI CO total columns, 0-5 km partial columns and profiles with collocated aircraft data was achieved by taking into account the different sensitivity and geometry of the sounding instruments. A detailed analysis is provided and the agreement is discussed in terms of information content and surface properties at the location of the observations. For profiles, the data were found to be in good agreement in spring with differences lower than 17%, whereas in summer the difference can reach 20% for IASI profiles below 8 km for polluted cases. For total columns the correlation coefficients ranged from 0.15 to 0.74 (from 0.47 to 0.77 for partial columns) in spring and from 0.26 to 0.84 (from 0.66 to 0.88 for partial columns) in summer. A better agreement is seen over the sea in spring (0.73 for total column and 0.78 for partial column) and over the land in summer (0.69 for total columns and 0.81 for partial columns). The IASI vertical sensitivity was better over land than over sea, and better over land than over sea ice and snow allowing a higher potential to detect CO vertical distribution during summer. C1 [Pommier, M.; Law, K. S.; Clerbaux, C.; Hadji-Lazaro, J.; Ancellet, G.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSU,LATMOS IPSL,UMR 8190, Paris, France. [Turquety, S.] UPMC Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, CNRS, LMD IPSL,UMR 8539, Palaiseau, France. [Clerbaux, C.; Hurtmans, D.; Coheur, P-F] Free Univ Brussels, Brussels, Belgium. [Schlager, H.] DLR, Inst Phys & Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Paris, J-D] CEA CNRS UVSQ, LSCE IPSL, Saclay, France. [Nedelec, P.] Univ Toulouse, UPS, LA, CNRS,UMR 5560, Toulouse, France. [Diskin, G. S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Podolske, J. R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Holloway, J. S.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Holloway, J. S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bernath, P.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Bernath, P.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RP Pommier, M (reprint author), Univ Versailles St Quentin, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSU,LATMOS IPSL,UMR 8190, Paris, France. EM matthieu.pommier@latmos.ipsl.fr RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013 OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; FU CNES (Centre national d'Etudes Spatiales); NOVELTIS; "Actions de Recherche Concertees" (Communaute Francaise); Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique [FRS-FNRS F.4511.08]; Belgian State Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs; European Space Agency [ESA-Prodex C90-327]; French ANR; CNES; CNRS-INSU (LEFE-CHAT); IPEV; EUFAR; DLR; CNRS-DRI (France); French Ministry of Foreign Affairs; CEA (France); POLARCAT France/Norway; RAS (Russia); RFBR (Russia); Canadian Space Agency; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) FX M. Pommier was supported by a grant from CNES (Centre national d'Etudes Spatiales) and by NOVELTIS. IASI was developed and built under the responsibility of CNES and flies onboard the MetOp satellite as part of the Eumetsat Polar system. The IASI L1 data are received through the Eumetcast near real time data distribution service. IASI L1 and L2 data are stored in the Ether French atmospheric database (http://ether.ipsl.jussieu.fr). We thank Raphael Adam de Villiers for his contribution to this work. The research in Belgium was funded by the "Actions de Recherche Concertees" (Communaute Francaise), the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS F.4511.08), the Belgian State Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs and the European Space Agency (ESA-Prodex C90-327). POLARCAT-France was funded by French ANR, CNES, CNRS-INSU (LEFE-CHAT), IPEV and also EUFAR. POLARCAT-GRACE was funded by DLR. The YAK-AEROSIB campaigns were funded by the CNRS-DRI (France), the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, CEA (France), POLARCAT France/Norway, RAS (Russia) and RFBR (Russia), and operated in collaboration with IAO-SB-RAS, Tomsk, Russia. The ACE mission is supported primarily by the Canadian Space Agency and the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). The authors are grateful to CNRS-INSU for publication support. NR 50 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 21 BP 10655 EP 10678 DI 10.5194/acp-10-10655-2010 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 680CQ UT WOS:000284210400029 ER PT J AU Burling, IR Yokelson, RJ Griffith, DWT Johnson, TJ Veres, P Roberts, JM Warneke, C Urbanski, SP Reardon, J Weise, DR Hao, WM de Gouw, J AF Burling, I. R. Yokelson, R. J. Griffith, D. W. T. Johnson, T. J. Veres, P. Roberts, J. M. Warneke, C. Urbanski, S. P. Reardon, J. Weise, D. R. Hao, W. M. de Gouw, J. TI Laboratory measurements of trace gas emissions from biomass burning of fuel types from the southeastern and southwestern United States SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; NITROUS-ACID HONO; ENGLAND AIR-QUALITY; NI-PT-CIMS; FIRE EMISSIONS; SAVANNA FIRES; HETEROGENEOUS CONVERSION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; TROPICAL FOREST; AFRICAN AB Vegetation commonly managed by prescribed burning was collected from five southeastern and southwestern US military bases and burned under controlled conditions at the US Forest Service Fire Sciences Laboratory in Missoula, Montana. The smoke emissions were measured with a large suite of state-of-the-art instrumentation including an open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) spectrometer for measurement of gas-phase species. The OP-FTIR detected and quantified 19 gas-phase species in these fires: CO2, CO, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C3H6, HCHO, HCOOH, CH3OH, CH3COOH, furan, H2O, NO, NO2, HONO, NH3, HCN, HCl, and SO2. Emission factors for these species are presented for each vegetation type burned. Gas-phase nitrous acid (HONO), an important OH precursor, was detected in the smoke from all fires. The HONO emission factors ranged from 0.15 to 0.60 g kg(-1) and were higher for the southeastern fuels. The fire-integrated molar emission ratios of HONO (relative to NOx) ranged from approximately 0.03 to 0.20, with higher values also observed for the southeastern fuels. The majority of non-methane organic compound (NMOC) emissions detected by OP-FTIR were oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) with the total identified OVOC emissions constituting 61 +/- 12% of the total measured NMOC on a molar basis. These OVOC may undergo photolysis or further oxidation contributing to ozone formation. Elevated amounts of gas-phase HCl and SO2 were also detected during flaming combustion, with the amounts varying greatly depending on location and vegetation type. The fuels with the highest HCl emission factors were all located in the coastal regions, although HCl was also observed from fuels farther inland. Emission factors for HCl were generally higher for the southwestern fuels, particularly those found in the chaparral biome in the coastal regions of California. C1 [Burling, I. R.; Yokelson, R. J.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Griffith, D. W. T.] Univ Wollongong, Dept Chem, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Johnson, T. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Veres, P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Veres, P.; Roberts, J. M.; Warneke, C.; de Gouw, J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Warneke, C.; de Gouw, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Urbanski, S. P.; Reardon, J.; Hao, W. M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Weise, D. R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA USA. RP Yokelson, RJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM bob.yokelson@umontana.edu RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [SI-1648, SI-1649]; NSF [ATM 1542457]; CIRES FX This work was supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) projects SI-1648 and SI-1649 and administered through Forest Service Research Joint Venture Agreement 08JV11272166039, and we thank the sponsors for their support. P. Veres, J. M. Roberts, C. Warneke, J. de Gouw were supported in part by NSF Grant # ATM 1542457 and the CIRES Innovative Research Program. We appreciate the efforts of Joey Chong, Bonni Corcoran, Amy Olson, Violet Holly, Signe Leirfallom, and Emily Lincoln to harvest the fuels and assemble the fuel beds for this study. The cooperation of Dan Ardoin and personnel at Vandenberg AFB, Jeff Minetti and personnel at Ft. Hunter-Liggett, Andrew Leiendecker and personnel at Ft. Huachuca, and Danny Becker, Susan Cohen, Wayne Gray, and Gary Curcio at Camp Lejeune is greatly appreciated. NR 67 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 5 U2 52 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 22 BP 11115 EP 11130 DI 10.5194/acp-10-11115-2010 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 687EG UT WOS:000284759500022 ER PT J AU Williams, BJ Goldstein, AH Kreisberg, NM Hering, SV Worsnop, DR Ulbrich, IM Docherty, KS Jimenez, JL AF Williams, B. J. Goldstein, A. H. Kreisberg, N. M. Hering, S. V. Worsnop, D. R. Ulbrich, I. M. Docherty, K. S. Jimenez, J. L. TI Major components of atmospheric organic aerosol in southern California as determined by hourly measurements of source marker compounds SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; FINE-PARTICLE EMISSIONS; MOTOR-VEHICLE EXHAUST; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; UNITED-STATES; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION AB We report the first hourly in-situ measurements of speciated organic aerosol (OA) composition in an urban environment. Field measurements were made in southern California at the University of California-Riverside during the 2005 Study of Organic Aerosol at Riverside (SOAR), which included two separate measurement periods: a summer study (15 July-15 August) and a fall study (31 October-28 November). Hourly measurements of over 300 semivolatile and nonvolatile organic compounds were made using the thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (TAG). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was performed on a subset of these compounds to identify major components contributing to submicron (i.e., PM1) OA at the site, as measured by an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). PMF analysis was performed on an 11-day focus period in each season, representing average seasonal conditions during the summer and a period of urban influence during the fall. As a result of this analysis, we identify multiple types of primary and secondary OA (POA and SOA). Secondary sources contribute substantially to fine OA mass at Riverside, which commonly receives regional air masses that pass through metropolitan Los Angeles during the summer. Four individual summertime SOA components are defined, and when combined, they are estimated to contribute an average 88% of the total fine OA mass during summer afternoons according to PMF results. These sources appear to be mostly from the oxidation of anthropogenic precursor gases, with one SOA component having contributions from oxygenated biogenics. During the fall, three out of four aerosol components that contain SOA are inseparable from covarying primary emissions, and therefore we cannot estimate the fraction of total OA that is secondary in nature during the fall study. Identified primary OA components are attributed to vehicle emissions, food cooking, primary biogenics, and biomass burning aerosol. While a distinction between local and regional vehicle emissions is made, a combination of these two factors accounted for approximately 11% of observed submicron OA during both sampling periods. Food cooking operations contributed similar to 10% of submicron OA mass during the summer, but was not separable from SOA during the fall due to high covariance of sources. Biomass burning aerosol contributed a larger fraction of fine OA mass during the fall (similar to 11%) than compared to summer (similar to 7%). Primary biogenic aerosol was also identified during the summer, contributing similar to 1% of the OA, but not during the fall. While the contribution of both local and regional primary vehicle OA accounts for only similar to 11% of total OA during both seasons, gas-phase vehicle emissions likely create a substantial fraction of the observed SOA as a result of atmospheric processing. C1 [Williams, B. J.; Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Williams, B. J.; Worsnop, D. R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Ctr Aerosol & Cloud Chem, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Williams, B. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Williams, B. J.] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO USA. [Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kreisberg, N. M.; Hering, S. V.] Aerosol Dynam Inc, Berkeley, CA USA. [Worsnop, D. R.] Univ Kuopio, Dept Phys, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. [Worsnop, D. R.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Worsnop, D. R.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Ulbrich, I. M.; Docherty, K. S.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ulbrich, I. M.; Docherty, K. S.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Williams, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 147 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM brentw@seas.wustl.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Hering, Susanne/B-1906-2012; Williams, Brent/A-2886-2013 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; FU California Air Resources Board (CARB) [03-324]; EPA [RD-83216101-0]; NSF [ATM 0449815, 0919189]; NOAA [NA08OAR4310565] FX This work was supported by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) award number 03-324. We would like to thank Nehzat Motallebi of CARB for her support throughout the contract period, and CARB for providing BAM measurements. KSD and JLJ acknowledge support from EPA (RD-83216101-0), NSF (ATM 0449815 and 0919189), and NOAA (NA08OAR4310565). This manuscript has not been reviewed by funding agencies and no endorsement should be inferred. We thank Paul Ziemann of UC-Riverside for logistical support during the SOAR studies. We would also like to thank Megan McKay, Angela Miller, and Dylan Millet for their assistance in operating the Goldstein Mobile Lab. We thank David Snyder and Jamie Schauer of the University of Wisconsin-Madison for use of their OC/EC data collected during SOAR. We thank Kim Prather, Laura Shields, and Sharon Qin of UC-San Diego for use of their ATOFMS data collected during SOAR. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and READY website (http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.php) used in this publication. Finally, we thank the anonymous reviewers of this manuscript for their insightful comments and recommendations. NR 101 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 55 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 23 BP 11577 EP 11603 DI 10.5194/acp-10-11577-2010 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 694XJ UT WOS:000285334900019 ER PT J AU Stroppiana, D Brivio, PA Gregoire, JM Liousse, C Guillaume, B Granier, C Mieville, A Chin, M Petron, G AF Stroppiana, D. Brivio, P. A. Gregoire, J. -M. Liousse, C. Guillaume, B. Granier, C. Mieville, A. Chin, M. Petron, G. TI Comparison of global inventories of CO emissions from biomass burning derived from remotely sensed data SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION FIRE EMISSIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; BURNED AREA; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SATELLITE DATA; AFRICA; FOREST; CARBON; PRODUCTS; MOPITT AB We compare five global inventories of monthly CO emissions named VGT, ATSR, MODIS, GFED3 and MOPITT based on remotely sensed active fires and/or burned area products for the year 2003. The objective is to highlight similarities and differences by focusing on the geographical and temporal distribution and on the emissions for three broad land cover classes (forest, savanna/grassland and agriculture). Globally, CO emissions for the year 2003 range between 365 Tg CO (GFED3) and 1422 Tg CO (VGT). Despite the large uncertainty in the total amounts, some common spatial patterns typical of biomass burning can be identified in the boreal forests of Siberia, in agricultural areas of Eastern Europe and Russia and in savanna ecosystems of South America, Africa and Australia. Regionally, the largest difference in terms of total amounts (CV > 100%) and seasonality is observed at the northernmost latitudes, especially in North America and Siberia where VGT appears to overestimate the area affected by fires. On the contrary, Africa shows the best agreement both in terms of total annual amounts (CV = 31%) and of seasonality despite some overestimation of emissions from forest and agriculture observed in the MODIS inventory. In Africa VGT provides the most reliable seasonality. Looking at the broad land cover types, the range of contribution to the global emissions of CO is 64-74%, 23-32% and 3-4% for forest, savanna/grassland and agriculture, respectively. These results suggest that there is still large uncertainty in global estimates of emissions and it increases if the comparison is carried by out taking into account the temporal (month) and spatial (0.5 degrees x 0.5 degrees cell) dimensions. Besides the area affected by fires, also vegetation characteristics and conditions at the time of burning should also be accurately parameterized since they can greatly influence the global estimates of CO emissions. C1 [Stroppiana, D.; Brivio, P. A.] CNR IREA, Milan, Italy. [Gregoire, J. -M.] European Commiss, JRC, IES, Global Environm Monitoring Unit GEM, Ispra, VA, Italy. [Liousse, C.; Guillaume, B.] Lab Aerol, UMR 5560, Toulouse, France. [Granier, C.; Mieville, A.] CNRS, Serv Aeron, Paris, France. [Granier, C.; Chin, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Granier, C.; Petron, G.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Petron, G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Stroppiana, D (reprint author), CNR IREA, Milan, Italy. EM stroppiana.d@irea.cnr.it RI Brivio, Pietro Alessandro/B-3704-2010; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Granier, Claire/D-5360-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Brivio, Pietro Alessandro/0000-0002-5477-3194; Granier, Claire/0000-0001-7344-7995; NR 69 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 24 BP 12173 EP 12189 DI 10.5194/acp-10-12173-2010 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 698GC UT WOS:000285581000010 ER PT J AU Sun, R Moorthi, S Xiao, H Mechoso, CR AF Sun, R. Moorthi, S. Xiao, H. Mechoso, C. R. TI Simulation of low clouds in the Southeast Pacific by the NCEP GFS: sensitivity to vertical mixing SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOP ENTRAINMENT INSTABILITY; BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; FORECAST SYSTEM; REGIONAL MODEL; SEASONAL CYCLE; CLIMATE MODELS; PART II AB The NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS) model has an important systematic error shared by many other models: stratocumuli are missed over the subtropical eastern oceans. It is shown that this error can be alleviated in the GFS by introducing a consideration of the low-level inversion and making two modifications in the model's representation of vertical mixing. The modifications consist of (a) the elimination of background vertical diffusion above the inversion and (b) the incorporation of a stability parameter based on the cloud-top entrainment instability (CTEI) criterion, which limits the strength of shallow convective mixing across the inversion. A control simulation and three experiments are performed in order to examine both the individual and combined effects of modifications on the generation of the stratocumulus clouds. Individually, both modifications result in enhanced cloudiness in the Southeast Pacific (SEP) region, although the cloudiness is still low compared to the ISCCP climatology. If the modifications are applied together, however, the total cloudiness produced in the southeast Pacific has realistic values. This nonlinearity arises as the effects of both modifications reinforce each other in reducing the leakage of moisture across the inversion. Increased moisture trapped below the inversion than in the control run without modifications leads to an increase in cloud amount and cloud-top radiative cooling. Then a positive feedback due to enhanced turbulent mixing in the planetary boundary layer by cloud-top radiative cooling leads to and maintains the stratocumulus cover. Although the amount of total cloudiness obtained with both modifications has realistic values, the relative contributions of low, middle, and high layers tend to differ from the observations. These results demonstrate that it is possible to simulate realistic marine boundary clouds in large-scale models by implementing direct and physically based improvements in the model parameterizations. C1 [Sun, R.] NOAA, UCAR, Environm Modeling Ctr, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Xiao, H.; Mechoso, C. R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Sun, R (reprint author), NOAA, UCAR, Environm Modeling Ctr, NCEP, Rm 209,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM ruiyu.sun@noaa.gov RI Sun, Ruiyu/H-9595-2012 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA07OAR4310236] FX This project is supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NA07OAR4310236. SRB data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Sciences Data Center NASA/GEWEX SRB Project. We would like to thank Mary Hart for correcting grammar, Huiya Chuang for her help with the d3d analysis and Hualu Pan, Jongil Han, Fanglin Yang, Xingren Wu, and others at EMC for their generous help with the GFS/CFS. We appreciate helpful comments from Brad Ferrier, Glenn White, and Masayuki Nakagawa during their internal reviews and Yuqing Wang and Peter Caldwell during the peer reviews of the manuscript. We would like to thank Stephen Lord for his support of this project. NR 49 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 24 BP 12261 EP 12272 DI 10.5194/acp-10-12261-2010 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 698GC UT WOS:000285581000015 ER PT J AU Hsu, YK VanCuren, T Park, S Jakober, C Herner, J FitzGibbon, M Blake, DR Parrish, DD AF Hsu, Ying-Kuang VanCuren, Tony Park, Seong Jakober, Chris Herner, Jorn FitzGibbon, Michael Blake, Donald R. Parrish, David D. TI Methane emissions inventory verification in southern California SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Methane emissions; Greenhouse gas; Emission inventory; Inventory verification; Scaling ratio method ID ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; GROWTH-RATE AB Methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO) mixing ratios were measured at an air quality monitoring station near the Mt. Wilson (MW) Observatory in southern California starting in the spring of 2007. Diurnal variation and mixing ratio correlation (R-2 = 0.81) were observed. The correlation results observed agree with previous aircraft measurements collected over the greater Los Angeles (LA) metropolitan area. The consistent agreement between CH4 and CO indicates these gases are well-mixed before reaching the sampling site and the emission source contributions of both compounds are reasonably constant. Since CH4 and CO are considered non-reactive on the time scale of dispersion within the LA urban area and their emission sources are likely to be similarly distributed (e.g., associated with human activities) they are subject to similar scales of atmospheric transport and dilution. This behavior allows the relationship of CH4 and CO to be applied for estimation of CH4 emissions using well-documented CO emissions. Applying this relationship a "top-down" CH4 inventory was calculated for LA County based on the measurements observed at MW and compared with the California Air Resources Board (CARB) "bottom-up" CH4 emissions inventory based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recommended methodologies. The "top-down" CH4 emissions inventory is approximately one-third greater than CARB's "bottom-up" inventory for LA County. Considering the uncertainties in both methodologies, the different CH4 emissions inventory approaches are in good agreement, although some under and/or uninventoried CH4 sources may exist. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hsu, Ying-Kuang; VanCuren, Tony; Park, Seong; Jakober, Chris; Herner, Jorn; FitzGibbon, Michael] Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA 95812 USA. [Blake, Donald R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Parrish, David D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hsu, YK (reprint author), Calif Air Resources Board, 1001 I St, Sacramento, CA 95812 USA. EM yhsu@arb.ca.gov RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Jakober, Chris/I-2980-2013 OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Jakober, Chris/0000-0002-8952-6994 NR 38 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 44 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.10.002 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 539FA UT WOS:000273237800001 ER PT J AU Finn, D Clawson, KL Carter, RG Rich, JD Eckman, RM Perry, SG Isakov, V Heist, DK AF Finn, Dennis Clawson, Kirk L. Carter, Roger G. Rich, Jason D. Eckman, Richard M. Perry, Steven G. Isakov, Vlad Heist, David K. TI Tracer studies to characterize the effects of roadside noise barriers on near-road pollutant dispersion under varying atmospheric stability conditions SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Wake zone; Traffic emissions; Pollutant dispersion near roadways; Concentration deficits ID AIR-POLLUTION; WIND-TUNNEL; LOS-ANGELES; EXPOSURE; PROXIMITY; MORTALITY; LEAD AB A roadway toxics dispersion study was conducted at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) to document the effects on concentrations of roadway emissions behind a roadside sound barrier in various conditions of atmospheric stability. The homogeneous fetch of the INL, controlled emission source, lack of other manmade or natural flow obstructions, and absence of vehicle-generated turbulence reduced the ambiguities in interpretation of the data. Roadway emissions were simulated by the release of an atmospheric tracer (SF(6)) from two 54 m long line sources, one for an experiment with a 90 m long noise barrier and one for a control experiment without a barrier. Simultaneous near-surface tracer concentration measurements were made with bag samplers on identical sampling grids downwind from the line sources. An array of six 3-d sonic anemometers was employed to measure the barrier-induced turbulence. Key findings of the study are: (1) the areal extent of higher concentrations and the absolute magnitudes of the concentrations both increased as atmospheric stability increased; (2) a concentration deficit developed in the wake zone of the barrier with respect to concentrations at the same relative locations on the control experiment at all atmospheric stabilities; (3) lateral dispersion was significantly greater on the barrier grid than the non-barrier grid; and (4) the barrier tended to trap high concentrations near the "roadway" (i.e. upwind of the barrier) in low wind speed conditions, especially in stable conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Finn, Dennis; Clawson, Kirk L.; Carter, Roger G.; Rich, Jason D.; Eckman, Richard M.] NOAA, Field Res Div, Air Resources Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [Perry, Steven G.; Isakov, Vlad; Heist, David K.] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Finn, D (reprint author), NOAA, Field Res Div, Air Resources Lab, 1750 Foote Dr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. EM dennis.finn@noaa.gov RI Clawson, Kirk/C-5910-2016; Eckman, Richard/D-1476-2016; Finn, Dennis/C-3204-2016 OI Clawson, Kirk/0000-0002-8789-9607; NR 33 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 44 IS 2 BP 204 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.10.012 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 555JW UT WOS:000274507800008 ER PT J AU Blomquist, BW Huebert, BJ Fairall, CW Faloona, IC AF Blomquist, B. W. Huebert, B. J. Fairall, C. W. Faloona, I. C. TI Determining the sea-air flux of dimethylsulfide by eddy correlation using mass spectrometry SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; TRANSFER VELOCITY; SURFACE-LAYER; CLOUD ALBEDO; GAS TRANSFER; SULFIDE; DMS AB Mass spectrometric measurement of DMS by atmospheric pressure ionization with an isotopically labeled standard (APIMS-ILS) is a sensitive method with sufficient bandpass for direct flux measurements by eddy correlation. Use of an isotopically labeled internal standard greatly reduces instrumental drift, improving accuracy and precision. APIMS-ILS has been used in several recent campaigns to study ocean-atmosphere gas transfer and the chemical budget of DMS in the marine boundary layer. This paper provides a comprehensive description of the method and errors associated with DMS flux measurement from ship platforms. The APIMS-ILS instrument used by most groups today has a sensitivity of 100-200 counts s(-1) pptv(-1), which is shown to be more than sufficient for flux measurement by eddy covariance. Mass spectral backgrounds ( blanks) are determined by stripping DMS from ambient air with gold. The instrument is found to exhibit some high frequency signal loss, with a half-power frequency of approximate to 1 Hz, but a correction based on an empirically determined instrument response function is presented. Standard micrometeorological assumptions of steady state and horizontal uniformity are found to be appropriate for DMS flux measurement, but rapid changes in mean DMS mixing ratio may serve as a warning that measured flux does not represent the true surface flux. In addition, bias in surface flux estimates arising from the flux divergence is not generally significant in the surface layer, but under conditions of lowered inversion and high flux may become so. The effects of error in motion corrections and of vertical motion within the surface layer concentration gradient are discussed and the estimated maximum error from these effects is <= 18%. C1 [Blomquist, B. W.; Huebert, B. J.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Fairall, C. W.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Faloona, I. C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA USA. RP Blomquist, BW (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM blomquis@hawaii.edu FU NSF [ATM02-41611, ATM05-26341]; NOAA [NA07OAR4310084] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from NSF grants ATM02-41611 and ATM05-26341, NOAA grant NA07OAR4310084, NOAA's Carbon Cycle Program and NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program. We are also grateful for the support of the officers and crew of the NOAA ship Ronald H. Brown and the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution research vessel R/V Seward Johnson on many field deployments and the work of M. Yang on field deployments in the Pacific. Finally, we would like to thank A. Bandy for his continued support and inspiration. NR 68 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 602DK UT WOS:000278118500001 ER PT J AU Fuchs, H Ball, SM Bohn, B Brauers, T Cohen, RC Dorn, HP Dube, WP Fry, JL Haseler, R Heitmann, U Jones, RL Kleffmann, J Mentel, TF Musgen, P Rohrer, F Rollins, AW Ruth, AA Kiendler-Scharr, A Schlosser, E Shillings, AJL Tillmann, R Varma, RM Venables, DS Tapia, GV Wahner, A Wegener, R Wooldridge, PJ Brown, SS AF Fuchs, H. Ball, S. M. Bohn, B. Brauers, T. Cohen, R. C. Dorn, H. -P. Dube, W. P. Fry, J. L. Haeseler, R. Heitmann, U. Jones, R. L. Kleffmann, J. Mentel, T. F. Muesgen, P. Rohrer, F. Rollins, A. W. Ruth, A. A. Kiendler-Scharr, A. Schlosser, E. Shillings, A. J. L. Tillmann, R. Varma, R. M. Venables, D. S. Tapia, G. Villena Wahner, A. Wegener, R. Wooldridge, P. J. Brown, S. S. TI Intercomparison of measurements of NO2 concentrations in the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR during the NO3Comp campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID CAVITY-ENHANCED ABSORPTION; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE INSTRUMENT; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; CROSS-SECTIONS; DIODE-LASER; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; HIGH-SENSITIVITY; MIXING RATIOS; TRACE GASES AB NO2 concentrations were measured by various instruments during the NO3Comp campaign at the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR at Forschungszentrum Julich, Germany, in June 2007. Analytical methods included photolytic conversion with chemiluminescence (PC-CLD), broadband cavity ring-down spectroscopy (BBCRDS), pulsed cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS), and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). All broadband absorption spectrometers were optimized for the detection of the main target species of the campaign, NO3, but were also capable of detecting NO2 simultaneously with reduced sensitivity. NO2 mixing ratios in the chamber were within a range characteristic of polluted, urban conditions, with a maximum mixing ratio of approximately 75 ppbv. The overall agreement between measurements of all instruments was excellent. Linear fits of the combined data sets resulted in slopes that differ from unity only within the stated uncertainty of each instrument. Possible interferences from species such as water vapor and ozone were negligible under the experimental conditions. C1 [Fuchs, H.; Dube, W. P.; Brown, S. S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Fuchs, H.; Dube, W. P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ball, S. M.] Univ Leicester, Dept Chem, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Bohn, B.; Brauers, T.; Dorn, H. -P.; Haeseler, R.; Mentel, T. F.; Muesgen, P.; Rohrer, F.; Kiendler-Scharr, A.; Schlosser, E.; Tillmann, R.; Wahner, A.; Wegener, R.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphare 2, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Cohen, R. C.; Fry, J. L.; Rollins, A. W.; Wooldridge, P. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Heitmann, U.; Ruth, A. A.; Varma, R. M.] Univ Coll Cork, Dept Phys, Cork, Ireland. [Jones, R. L.; Shillings, A. J. L.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Kleffmann, J.; Tapia, G. Villena] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Phys Chem Fachbereich C, Wuppertal, Germany. [Ruth, A. A.; Varma, R. M.; Venables, D. S.] Univ Coll Cork, Dept Chem, Cork, Ireland. [Venables, D. S.] Univ Coll Cork, Environm Res Inst, Cork, Ireland. RP Brown, SS (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM steven.s.brown@noaa.gov RI Fuchs, Hendrik/I-9157-2012; Wahner, Andreas/J-4129-2012; Mentel, Thomas/A-3576-2011; Dorn, Hans-Peter/B-3054-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid/E-8439-2011; Dube, William/I-1658-2013; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Rollins, Andrew/G-7214-2012; Rohrer, Franz/I-2052-2012; Brauers, Theo/A-8444-2008; Wegener, Robert/I-8925-2012; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Tillmann, Ralf/I-9203-2012; Bohn, Birger/J-4130-2012; Schlosser, Eric/K-8809-2012; Ruth, Albert/A-5118-2013; Venables, Dean/C-5546-2013 OI Fuchs, Hendrik/0000-0003-1263-0061; Wahner, Andreas/0000-0001-8948-1928; Mentel, Thomas/0000-0003-0810-3541; Dorn, Hans-Peter/0000-0001-5945-7708; Jones, Roderic /0000-0002-6761-3966; Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid/0000-0003-3166-2253; Dube, William/0000-0003-1286-4087; Rohrer, Franz/0000-0003-3436-3419; Brauers, Theo/0000-0001-6671-8566; Wegener, Robert/0000-0003-2042-9333; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Tillmann, Ralf/0000-0003-0648-6622; Bohn, Birger/0000-0003-4177-3934; Venables, Dean/0000-0002-4135-1793 FU European Community [RII3-CT-2004-505968]; SFI STTF [06/RFP/CHP055 STTF 08]; Irish EPA [2005-ET-MS-28-M3]; NSF [ATM-0639847, ATM-0511829]; NOAA FX The NO3-N2O5-Intercomparison campaign (2007) was supported by grant no. RII3-CT-2004-505968 of the European Community within the 6th Framework Program, Section Support for research Infrastructures Integrated Infrastructure Initiative: EUROCHAMP and Priority 1.1.6.3. Global Change and Ecosystems: ACCENT. A. A. Ruth and D. S. Venables gratefully acknowledges support by the SFI STTF programme (contract no. 06/RFP/CHP055 STTF 08). Authors associated with University College Cork would like to thank the Irish EPA (contract no. 2005-ET-MS-28-M3) for supporting this project. Authors associated with University of California Berkeley would like to acknowledge support by NSF grants ATM-0639847 and ATM-0511829. Authors associated with NOAA thank the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Program for support. NR 54 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 6 U2 41 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 1 BP 21 EP 37 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 602DK UT WOS:000278118500002 ER PT J AU Fierz-Schmidhauser, R Zieger, P Wehrle, G Jefferson, A Ogren, JA Baltensperger, U Weingartner, E AF Fierz-Schmidhauser, R. Zieger, P. Wehrle, G. Jefferson, A. Ogren, J. A. Baltensperger, U. Weingartner, E. TI Measurement of relative humidity dependent light scattering of aerosols SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; WATER-UPTAKE; SEA-SALT; NEPHELOMETER; PARTICLES; CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; VISIBILITY AB Relative humidity (RH) influences the water content of aerosol particles and therefore has an important impact on the particles' ability to scatter visible light. The RH dependence of the particle light scattering coefficient (sigma(sp)) is therefore an important measure for climate forcing calculations. We built a humidification system for a nephelometer which allows the measurement of sigma(sp) at a defined RH in the range of 40-90%. This RH conditioner consists of a humidifier followed by a dryer, which enables us to measure the hysteresis behavior of deliquescent aerosol particles. In this paper we present the set-up of a new humidified nephelometer, a detailed characterization with well defined laboratory generated aerosols, and a first application in the field by comparing our instrument to another humidified nephelometer. Monodisperse ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride particles were measured at four different dry particle sizes. Agreement between measurement and prediction based on Mie theory was found for both sigma(sp) and f(RH)=sigma(sp)(RH)/sigma(sp)(dry) within the range of uncertainty. The two humidified nephelometers measuring at a rural site in the Black Forest (Germany) often detected different f(RH), probably caused by the aerosol hysteresis behavior: when the aerosol was metastable, therefore was scattering more light, only one instrument detected the higher f(RH). C1 [Fierz-Schmidhauser, R.; Zieger, P.; Wehrle, G.; Baltensperger, U.; Weingartner, E.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, Villigen, Switzerland. [Jefferson, A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ogren, J. A.] NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Weingartner, E (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, Villigen, Switzerland. EM ernest.weingartner@psi.ch RI Zieger, Paul/C-3408-2011; Jefferson, Anne/K-4793-2012; Weingartner, Ernest/B-6793-2009; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Zieger, Paul/0000-0001-7000-6879; Weingartner, Ernest/0000-0002-2427-4634; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 FU EC; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Sciences Division FX This work was supported by the EC projects EUSAAR (European Supersites for Atmospheric Aerosol Research) and GEOMON (Global Earth Observation and Monitoring). Data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Sciences Division. We thank Martin Gysel for valuable discussions. NR 37 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 1 BP 39 EP 50 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 602DK UT WOS:000278118500003 ER PT J AU Bariteau, L Helmig, D Fairall, CW Hare, JE Hueber, J Lang, EK AF Bariteau, L. Helmig, D. Fairall, C. W. Hare, J. E. Hueber, J. Lang, E. K. TI Determination of oceanic ozone deposition by ship-borne eddy covariance flux measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; TRANSFER VELOCITY; HIGH-SENSITIVITY; GAS TRANSFER; SEA; PARAMETERIZATION; CHEMISTRY; AIRCRAFT; SENSORS; MODEL AB A fast response ozone analyzer based on the ozone-nitric oxide chemiluminescence method was integrated into the NOAA-ESRL flux system to achieve the first ship-borne, direct ozone flux measurements over the open ocean. Air was collected from an inlet at 18m height over the ocean surface mounted to the bow-jackstaff and via a 30 m-long sampling line to the ozone instrument on the ship deck. A "puff" system was used for accurate and regular determination of the sample transport time (lag) between the inlet and the chemical analyzer. A Nafion-membrane dryer facilitated removal of fast water vapor fluctuations, which eliminated the need for quenching and density correction of the ozone signal. The sampling-analyzer system was found to have a similar to 0.25-0.40s response time at a sensitivity of similar to 2800 counts s(-1) per ppbv of ozone. Quality control and data filtering procedures for eliminating data that did not meet measurement requirements were critically evaluated. The new ozone flux system was deployed aboard the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown, and evaluated using results obtained during several research cruises off the coasts of the North and South America continents, yielding ozone deposition velocities (mean +/- standard error) ranging from 0.009 +/- 0.001 cm s(-1) to 0.24 +/- 0.020 cm s(-1). C1 [Helmig, D.; Hueber, J.; Lang, E. K.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bariteau, L.; Hare, J. E.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fairall, C. W.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Helmig, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM detlev.helmig@colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation [BE-0410058]; NOAA [GC07-186] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant BE-0410058, the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere program, and the NOAA Carbon Cycle Program, project # GC07-186. The authors wish to thank the crew of the NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown for their exceptional efforts during the various cruises. Thanks also to all other participants who aided in the operation of the reported experiments. NR 33 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 2 BP 441 EP 455 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 602DL UT WOS:000278118600009 ER PT J AU Wooldridge, PJ Perring, AE Bertram, TH Flocke, FM Roberts, JM Singh, HB Huey, LG Thornton, JA Wolfe, GM Murphy, JG Fry, JL Rollins, AW LaFranchi, BW Cohen, RC AF Wooldridge, P. J. Perring, A. E. Bertram, T. H. Flocke, F. M. Roberts, J. M. Singh, H. B. Huey, L. G. Thornton, J. A. Wolfe, G. M. Murphy, J. G. Fry, J. L. Rollins, A. W. LaFranchi, B. W. Cohen, R. C. TI Total Peroxy Nitrates (Sigma PNs) in the atmosphere: the Thermal Dissociation-Laser Induced Fluorescence (TD-LIF) technique and comparisons to speciated PAN measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; IN-SITU; NORTH-AMERICA; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; ALIPHATIC-ALDEHYDES; SOUTHERN OXIDANTS; REACTIVE NITROGEN; RATE COEFFICIENTS; OZONE PRODUCTION AB Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and its chemical analogues are increasingly being quantified in the ambient atmosphere by thermal dissociation (TD) followed by detection of either the peroxyacyl radical or the NO2 product. Here we present details of the technique developed at University of California, Berkeley which detects the sum of all peroxynitrates (Sigma PNs) via laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of the NO2 product. We review the various deployments and compare the Berkeley Sigma PNs measurements with the sums of PAN and its homologue species detected individually by other instruments. The observed TD-LIF Sigma PNs usually agree to within 10% with the summed individual species, thus arguing against the presence of significant concentrations of unmeasured PAN-type compounds in the atmosphere, as suggested by some photochemical mechanisms. Examples of poorer agreement are attributed to a sampling inlet design that is shown to be inappropriate for high NOx conditions. Interferences to the TD-LIF measurements are described along with strategies to minimize their effects. C1 [Wooldridge, P. J.; Perring, A. E.; Rollins, A. W.; LaFranchi, B. W.; Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bertram, T. H.] Univ San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA USA. [Flocke, F. M.] NCAR Atmospher Chem Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Roberts, J. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Singh, H. B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Huey, L. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Thornton, J. A.; Wolfe, G. M.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Murphy, J. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Fry, J. L.] Reed Coll, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97202 USA. [Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wooldridge, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pjwool@berkeley.edu RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Murphy, Jennifer/C-2367-2011; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Rollins, Andrew/G-7214-2012; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Thornton, Joel/C-1142-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867; FU NSF [ATM-1038669, ATM-0639847, ATM-0511829]; Office of Polar Programs [9907928]; NASA [NNG05GH196, NAG5-13668, NNX08AE56G]; Instrument Incubator Program [NAS1-99053]; NOAA [RA133R-04-AE-0023]; European Community [RII3-CT-2004-505968] FX The Berkeley authors gratefully acknowledge funding from NSF grants ATM-1038669, ATM-0639847, ATM-0511829, and Office of Polar Programs Grant No. 9907928; NASA grants NNG05GH196, NAG5-13668, NNX08AE56G, and Instrument Incubator Program contract NAS1-99053; and NOAA grant RA133R-04-AE-0023. The NO3-N2O5-Intercomparison campaign (2007) was supported by grant no. RII3-CT-2004-505968 of the European Community within the 6th Framework Program, Section Support for research Infrastructures - Integrated Infrastructure Initiative: EUROCHAMP 15 and Priority 1.1.6.3. Global Change and Ecosystems: ACCENT. Thanks also to S. Brown, H. Fuchs, and W. Dube for N2O5 for providing the NOAA cavity ring-down N2O5 data. NR 82 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 593 EP 607 DI 10.5194/amt-3-593-2010 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 618YB UT WOS:000279391000006 ER PT J AU Veres, P Gilman, JB Roberts, JM Kuster, WC Warneke, C Burling, IR de Gouw, J AF Veres, P. Gilman, J. B. Roberts, J. M. Kuster, W. C. Warneke, C. Burling, I. R. de Gouw, J. TI Development and validation of a portable gas phase standard generation and calibration system for volatile organic compounds SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID MIXTURES; ATMOSPHERE AB We report on the development of an accurate, portable, dynamic calibration system for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The Mobile Organic Carbon Calibration System (MOCCS) combines the production of gas-phase VOC standards using permeation or diffusion sources with quantitative total organic carbon (TOC) conversion on a palladium surface to CO(2) in the presence of oxygen, and the subsequent CO(2) measurement. MOCCS was validated using three different comparisons: (1) TOC of high accuracy methane standards compared well to expected concentrations (3% relative error), (2) a gas-phase benzene standard was generated using a permeation source and measured by TOC and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with excellent agreement (<4% relative difference), and (3) total carbon measurement of 4 known gas phase mixtures were performed and compared to a calculated carbon content to agreement within the stated uncertainties of the standards. Measurements from laboratory biomass burning experiments of formic acid by negative-ion proton-transfer chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (NI-PT-CIMS) and formaldehyde by proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), both calibrated using MOCCS, were compared to open path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR) to validate the MOCCS calibration and were found to compare well (R(2) of 0.91 and 0.99, respectively). C1 [Veres, P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Veres, P.; Gilman, J. B.; Roberts, J. M.; Kuster, W. C.; Warneke, C.; de Gouw, J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gilman, J. B.; Warneke, C.; de Gouw, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Burling, I. R.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Veres, P (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Patrick.veres@noaa.gov RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; FU NOAA; NSF [ATM 1542457]; CIRES; DOD SERDP [SI-1648, SI-1649] FX The authors would like to thank Edward Dlugokencky for supplying the GMD methane standards used. We also want to thank Robert J. Yokelson for his role in the SMURFS 2009 study. This work was supported by the NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program and NOAA's Climate Goal, NSF Grant # ATM 1542457, the CIRES Innovative Research Program, and DOD SERDP Grant Nos. SI-1648 and SI-1649. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 39 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 683 EP 691 DI 10.5194/amt-3-683-2010 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 618YB UT WOS:000279391000012 ER PT J AU Roberts, JM Veres, P Warneke, C Neuman, JA Washenfelder, RA Brown, SS Baasandorj, M Burkholder, JB Burling, IR Johnson, TJ Yokelson, RJ de Gouw, J AF Roberts, J. M. Veres, P. Warneke, C. Neuman, J. A. Washenfelder, R. A. Brown, S. S. Baasandorj, M. Burkholder, J. B. Burling, I. R. Johnson, T. J. Yokelson, R. J. de Gouw, J. TI Measurement of HONO, HNCO, and other inorganic acids by negative-ion proton-transfer chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (NI-PT-CIMS): application to biomass burning emissions SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ISOCYANIC ACID; NITROUS-ACID; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; REACTIVE NITROGEN; AIR-QUALITY; NITRIC-ACID; CALIBRATION; GENERATION; ATMOSPHERE; PYROLYSIS AB A negative-ion proton-transfer chemical ionization mass spectrometric technique (NI-PT-CIMS), using acetate as the reagent ion, was applied to the measurement of volatile inorganic acids of atmospheric interest: hydrochloric (HCl), nitrous (HONO), nitric (HNO(3)), and isocyanic (HNCO) acids. Gas phase calibrations through the sampling inlet showed the method to be intrinsically sensitive (6-16 cts/pptv), but prone to inlet effects for HNO(3) and HCl. The ion chemistry was found to be insensitive to water vapor concentrations, in agreement with previous studies of carboxylic acids. The inlet equilibration times for HNCO and HONO were 2 to 4s, allowing for measurement in biomass burning studies. Several potential interferences in HONO measurements were examined: decomposition of HNO(3)center dot NO(3)(-) clusters within the CIMS, and NO(2)-water production on inlet surfaces, and were quite minor (<= 1%, 3.3%, respectively). The detection limits of the method were limited by the instrument backgrounds in the ion source and flow tube, and were estimated to range between 16 and 50 pptv (parts per trillion by volume) for a 1 min average. The comparison of HONO measured by CIMS and by in situ FTIR showed good correlation and agreement to within 17%. The method provided rapid and accurate measurements of HNCO and HONO in controlled biomass burning studies, in which both acids were seen to be important products. C1 [Roberts, J. M.; Veres, P.; Warneke, C.; Neuman, J. A.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Brown, S. S.; Baasandorj, M.; Burkholder, J. B.; de Gouw, J.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Burling, I. R.; Yokelson, R. J.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Johnson, T. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Veres, P.; Warneke, C.; Neuman, J. A.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Baasandorj, M.; de Gouw, J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Roberts, JM (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, R CSD7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. EM james.m.roberts@noaa.gov RI Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; FU NOAA; NSF [ATM 1542457]; CIRES; DoD [SI-1648, SI-1649] FX This work was supported by the NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program and NOAA's Climate Goal, NSF Grant No. ATM 1542457, the CIRES Innovative Research Program, and DoD SERDP Grant Nos. SI-1648 and SI-1649 in the sustainable infrastructure program. NR 45 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 8 U2 64 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 BP 981 EP 990 DI 10.5194/amt-3-981-2010 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 645DW UT WOS:000281432100012 ER PT J AU Immler, FJ Dykema, J Gardiner, T Whiteman, DN Thorne, PW Vomel, H AF Immler, F. J. Dykema, J. Gardiner, T. Whiteman, D. N. Thorne, P. W. Voemel, H. TI Reference Quality Upper-Air Measurements: guidance for developing GRUAN data products SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID RADIOSONDE AB The accurate monitoring of climate change imposes strict requirements upon observing systems, in particular regarding measurement accuracy and long-term stability. Currently available data records of the essential climate variables (temperature-T, geopotential-p, humidity-RH, wind, and cloud properties) in the upper-air generally fail to fulfil such requirements. This raises serious issues about the ability to detect, quantify and understand recent climate changes and their causes. GCOS is currently implementing a Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) in order to fill this major void within the global observing system. As part of the GRUAN implementation plan we provide herein fundamental guidelines for establishing and maintaining reference quality atmospheric observations which are based on principal concepts of metrology, in particular traceability. It is argued that the detailed analysis of the uncertainty budget of a measurement technique is the critical step for achieving this goal. As we will demonstrate with an example, detailed knowledge of the calibration procedures and data processing algorithms are required for determining the uncertainty of each individual data point. Of particular importance is the careful assessment of the uncertainties introduced by correction schemes adjusting for systematic effects. C1 [Immler, F. J.; Voemel, H.] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Richard Assmann Observ, Lindenberg, Germany. [Dykema, J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gardiner, T.] Natl Phys Lab, Environm Measurement Grp, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Whiteman, D. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Thorne, P. W.] Met Off, Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Thorne, P. W.] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. RP Immler, FJ (reprint author), Deutsch Wetterdienst, Richard Assmann Observ, Lindenberg, Germany. EM franz.immler@dwd.de RI Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014 OI Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798 FU DECC/Defra [GA01101] FX We like to thank the members of the working group for atmospheric reference observations (WG-ARO) for helpful feedback on our draft, in particular Chris Miller, John Nash, Bill Murray, Masatomo Fujiwara, Dian Seidel, Junhong Wang, and Stephan Bojinski. P. Thorne was supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme - DECC/Defra (GA01101). NR 24 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1217 EP 1231 DI 10.5194/amt-3-1217-2010 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 673KW UT WOS:000283661300003 ER PT J AU Yurganov, L McMillan, W Wilson, C Fischer, M Biraud, S Sweeney, C AF Yurganov, L. McMillan, W. Wilson, C. Fischer, M. Biraud, S. Sweeney, C. TI Carbon monoxide mixing ratios over Oklahoma between 2002 and 2009 retrieved from Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer spectra SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID FIRE SMOKE PLUME; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CO; TEMPERATURE; INVERSION; POLLUTION; SATELLITE; AIRCRAFT; COLUMN; SPACE AB CO mixing ratios for the lowermost 2-km atmospheric layer were retrieved from downwelling infrared (IR) radiance spectra of the clear sky measured between 2002 and 2009 by a zenith-viewing Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) deployed at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) observatory of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurements (ARM) Program near Lamont, Oklahoma. A version of a published earlier retrieval algorithm was improved and validated. Archived temperature and water vapor profiles retrieved from the same AERI spectra through automated ARM processing were used as input data for the CO retrievals. We found the archived water vapor profiles required additional constraint using SGP Microwave Radiometer retrievals of total precipitable water vapor. A correction for scattered solar light was developed as well. The retrieved CO was validated using simultaneous independently measured CO profiles from an aircraft. These tropospheric CO profiles were measured from the surface to altitudes of 4572ma.s.l. once or twice a week between March 2006 and December 2008. The aircraft measurements were supplemented with ground-based CO measurements using a non-dispersive infrared gas correlation instrument at the SGP and retrievals from the Atmospheric IR Sounder (AIRS) above 5 km to create full tropospheric CO profiles. Comparison of the profiles convolved with averaging kernels to the AERI CO retrievals found a squared correlation coefficient of 0.57, a standard deviation of +/- 11.7 ppbv, a bias of -16 ppbv, and a slope of 0.92. Averaged seasonal and diurnal cycles measured by the AERI are compared with those measured continuously in situ at the SGP in the boundary layer. Monthly mean CO values measured by the AERI between 2002 and 2009 are compared with those measured by the AIRS over North America, the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes, and over the tropics. C1 [Yurganov, L.; McMillan, W.; Wilson, C.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Fischer, M.; Biraud, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sweeney, C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Yurganov, L (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM yurganov@umbc.edu RI Biraud, Sebastien/M-5267-2013 OI Biraud, Sebastien/0000-0001-7697-933X FU NASA [NAG5-11653, NNG04GN42G, NNG06GB06G]; NSF [OISE-0827507_00004084]; NOAA [NA04AOAR4310095]; Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate Change Research Division, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This research was supported through a subcontract with the AIRS Project Office at JPL; by NASA grants NAG5-11653, NNG04GN42G, and NNG06GB06G, by NSF grant OISE-0827507_00004084, and by NOAA grant NA04AOAR4310095. The in situ measurements at the tower and the aircraft sampling were supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate Change Research Division, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors are grateful to Paul Novelli for great efforts to keep the high quality of CO flask analysis. We thank Bruce Doddridge for his support of initial AERI CO validation during CAMEX-2. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1319 EP 1331 DI 10.5194/amt-3-1319-2010 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 673KW UT WOS:000283661300010 ER PT J AU Wunch, D Toon, GC Wennberg, PO Wofsy, SC Stephens, BB Fischer, ML Uchino, O Abshire, JB Bernath, P Biraud, SC Blavier, JFL Boone, C Bowman, KP Browell, EV Campos, T Connor, BJ Daube, BC Deutscher, NM Diao, M Elkins, JW Gerbig, C Gottlieb, E Griffith, DWT Hurst, DF Jimenez, R Keppel-Aleks, G Kort, EA Macatangay, R Machida, T Matsueda, H Moore, F Morino, I Park, S Robinson, J Roehl, CM Sawa, Y Sherlock, V Sweeney, C Tanaka, T Zondlo, MA AF Wunch, D. Toon, G. C. Wennberg, P. O. Wofsy, S. C. Stephens, B. B. Fischer, M. L. Uchino, O. Abshire, J. B. Bernath, P. Biraud, S. C. Blavier, J. -F. L. Boone, C. Bowman, K. P. Browell, E. V. Campos, T. Connor, B. J. Daube, B. C. Deutscher, N. M. Diao, M. Elkins, J. W. Gerbig, C. Gottlieb, E. Griffith, D. W. T. Hurst, D. F. Jimenez, R. Keppel-Aleks, G. Kort, E. A. Macatangay, R. Machida, T. Matsueda, H. Moore, F. Morino, I. Park, S. Robinson, J. Roehl, C. M. Sawa, Y. Sherlock, V. Sweeney, C. Tanaka, T. Zondlo, M. A. TI Calibration of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network using aircraft profile data SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SOLAR ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; LINE PARAMETERS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; WATER-VAPOR; SCALE; O-2; AIR; CH4; REEVALUATION AB The Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) produces precise measurements of the column average dry-air mole fractions of CO2, CO, CH4, N2O and H2O at a variety of sites worldwide. These observations rely on spectroscopic parameters that are not known with sufficient accuracy to compute total columns that can be used in combination with in situ measurements. The TCCON must therefore be calibrated to World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in situ trace gas measurement scales. We present a calibration of TCCON data using WMO-scale instrumentation aboard aircraft that measured profiles over four TCCON stations during 2008 and 2009. These calibrations are compared with similar observations made in 2004 and 2006. The results indicate that a single, global calibration factor for each gas accurately captures the TCCON total column data within error. C1 [Toon, G. C.; Blavier, J. -F. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wofsy, S. C.; Daube, B. C.; Gottlieb, E.; Jimenez, R.; Kort, E. A.; Park, S.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Stephens, B. B.; Campos, T.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Deutscher, N. M.; Griffith, D. W. T.; Macatangay, R.] Univ Wollongong, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Sherlock, V.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Connor, B. J.] BC Consulting Ltd, Alexandra, South Africa. [Bernath, P.; Boone, C.] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Bernath, P.] York Univ, York, N Yorkshire, England. [Fischer, M. L.; Biraud, S. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Browell, E. V.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Abshire, J. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bowman, K. P.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Uchino, O.; Machida, T.; Morino, I.; Tanaka, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Diao, M.; Zondlo, M. A.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gerbig, C.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. [Elkins, J. W.; Hurst, D. F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO USA. [Hurst, D. F.; Moore, F.; Sweeney, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matsueda, H.; Sawa, Y.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Robinson, J.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Jimenez, R.] Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Chem & Enivronmental Engn, Bogota 111321, DC, Colombia. RP Wunch, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM dwunch@gps.caltech.edu RI Bowman, Kenneth/A-1345-2012; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; JIMENEZ, Rodrigo/B-6112-2012; Gerbig, Christoph/L-3532-2013; Biraud, Sebastien/M-5267-2013; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Stephens, Britton/B-7962-2008; Morino, Isamu/K-1033-2014; Diao, Minghui/A-4437-2015; Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016; Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Keppel-Aleks, Gretchen/A-3239-2013; Abshire, James/I-2800-2013; Zondlo, Mark/R-6173-2016; OI Bowman, Kenneth/0000-0002-2667-8632; Gerbig, Christoph/0000-0002-1112-8603; Biraud, Sebastien/0000-0001-7697-933X; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Stephens, Britton/0000-0002-1966-6182; Morino, Isamu/0000-0003-2720-1569; Diao, Minghui/0000-0003-0324-0897; Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322; Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Zondlo, Mark/0000-0003-2302-9554; JIMENEZ, Rodrigo/0000-0002-8665-9484 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research; NASA; DOE; Canadian Space Agency; LBNL-DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Australian Research Council [DP0879468, LP0562346]; Australian Greenhouse Office; National Science Foundation FX The authors wish to thank Stephanie Vay and Donald R. Blake for guidance and the use of the INTEX-NA CO2 and CH4 profiles, respectively. The INTEX-NA data were downloaded from ftp://ftp-air.larc.nasa.gov/pub/INTEXA/DC8_AIRCRAFT/ on 10 September 2010. NCEP Reanalysis data is provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/. Data were obtained through the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research. Data were generated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gases Group, including flask data from Andrews et al. (2009). The Meteorological Research Institute tower measurements are described by Inoue and Matsueda (1996). US funding for TCCON comes from NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program, the Orbiting Carbon Observatory project and the DOE/ARM Program. Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. ACE is funded primarily by the Canadian Space Agency. Support for the Learjet-25 measurements was provided by the NASA ASCENDS development and ESTO IIP programs. Support for the flask measurements at the SGP ARM site is from LBNL-DOE contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. We acknowledge funding for Darwin and Wollongong from the Australian Research Council, Projects DP0879468 and LP0562346 with the Australian Greenhouse Office. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 46 TC 152 Z9 154 U1 2 U2 39 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1351 EP 1362 DI 10.5194/amt-3-1351-2010 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 673KW UT WOS:000283661300012 ER PT J AU Lance, S Brock, CA Rogers, D Gordon, JA AF Lance, S. Brock, C. A. Rogers, D. Gordon, J. A. TI Water droplet calibration of the Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) and in-flight performance in liquid, ice and mixed-phase clouds during ARCPAC SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING SPECTROMETER PROBE; OPTICAL ARRAY PROBES; FAST-FSSP; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; ARCTIC-OCEAN; CUMULUS AB Laboratory calibrations of the Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) sample area and droplet sizing are performed using water droplets of known size, generated at a known rate. Although calibrations with PSL and glass beads were consistent with theoretical instrument response, liquid water droplet calibrations were not, and necessitated a 2 mu m shift in the manufacturer's calibration. We show that much of this response shift may be attributable to a misalignment of the optics relative to the axis of the laser beam. Comparison with an independent measure of liquid water content (LWC) during in-flight operation suggests much greater biases in the droplet size and/or droplet concentration measured by the CDP than would be expected based on the laboratory calibrations. Since the bias in CDP-LWC is strongly concentration dependent, we hypothesize that this discrepancy is a result of coincidence, when two or more droplets pass through the CDP laser beam within a very short time. The coincidence error, most frequently resulting from the passage of one droplet outside and one inside the instrument sample area at the same time, is evaluated in terms of an "extended sample area" (SA(E)), the area in which individual droplets can affect the sizing detector without necessarily registering on the qualifier. SA(E) is calibrated with standardized water droplets, and used in a Monte-Carlo simulation to estimate the effect of coincidence on the measured droplet size distributions. The simulations show that extended coincidence errors are important for the CDP at droplet concentrations even as low as 200 cm(-3), and these errors are necessary to explain the trend between calculated and measured LWC observed in liquid and mixed-phase clouds during the Aerosol, Radiation and Cloud Processes Affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) study. We estimate from the simulations that 60% oversizing error and 50% undercounting error can occur at droplet concentrations exceeding 400 cm(-3). Modification of the optical design of the CDP is currently being explored in an effort to reduce this coincidence bias. C1 [Lance, S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rogers, D.] Res Aviat Facil, Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Broomfield, CO USA. [Gordon, J. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. EM sara.m.lance@noaa.gov RI Lance, Sara/A-4834-2011; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Research Council FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) climate and air quality programs. We thank Jorge Delgado and the NOAA Aircraft Operations Center for allowing use of their equipment and for technical support in the field. We thank Bill Dube and Matt Richardson for practical laboratory support. Special thanks to Alexei Korolev, Dan Murphy, Al Cooper and Jeff Peischl for critical comments, discussion and advice. S. Lance acknowledges the National Research Council for a Research Associateships Program fellowship awarded in January 2008. NR 48 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 6 BP 1683 EP 1706 DI 10.5194/amt-3-1683-2010 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 698DV UT WOS:000285573200015 ER PT J AU Thalman, R Volkamer, R AF Thalman, R. Volkamer, R. TI Inherent calibration of a blue LED-CE-DOAS instrument to measure iodine oxide, glyoxal, methyl glyoxal, nitrogen dioxide, water vapour and aerosol extinction in open cavity mode SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; H-ATOM TRANSFER; ALKOXY RADICALS; CROSS-SECTION; SPECTROMETER; ISOPRENE; PHASE; PATH; PHOTOCHEMISTRY AB The combination of Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (CEAS) with broad-band light sources (e.g. Light-Emitting Diodes, LEDs) lends itself to the application of cavity enhanced Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (CE-DOAS) to perform sensitive and selective point measurements of multiple trace gases and aerosol extinction with a single instrument. In contrast to other broad-band CEAS techniques, CE-DOAS relies only on the measurement of relative intensity changes, i.e. does not require knowledge of the light intensity in the absence of trace gases and aerosols (I-0). We have built a prototype LED-CE-DOAS instrument in the blue spectral range (420-490 nm) to measure nitrogen dioxide (NO2), glyoxal (CHOCHO), methyl glyoxal (CH3COCHO), iodine oxide (IO), water vapour (H2O) and oxygen dimers (O-4). We demonstrate the first direct detection of methyl glyoxal, and the first CE-DOAS detection of CHOCHO and IO. The instrument is further inherently calibrated for light extinction from the cavity by observing O-4 or H2O (at 477 nm and 443 nm) and measuring the pressure, relative humidity and temperature independently. This approach is demonstrated by experiments where laboratory aerosols of known size and refractive index were generated and their extinction measured. The measured extinctions were then compared to the theoretical extinctions calculated using Mie theory (3-7 x 10(-7) cm(-1)). Excellent agreement is found from both the O-4 and H2O retrievals. This enables the first inherently calibrated CEAS measurement at blue wavelengths in open cavity mode, and eliminates the need for sampling lines to supply air to the cavity, i.e., keep the cavity enclosed and/or aerosol free. Measurements in open cavity mode are demonstrated for CHOCHO, CH3COCHO, NO2, H2O and aerosol extinction. Our prototype LED-CE-DOAS provides a low cost, yet research grade innovative instrument for applications in simulation chambers and in the open atmosphere. C1 [Thalman, R.; Volkamer, R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Volkamer, R.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Volkamer, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rainer.volkamer@colorado.edu RI Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016 OI Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-847793]; NASA [09-EARTH09F-88]; CU FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation CAREER award ATM-847793, CU start-up funds and NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship 09-EARTH09F-88. The authors like to thank Jose Luis Jimenez, Steve Brown, Rebecca Washenfelder, and Christa Hasenkopf for use of calibration equipment, and helpful discussions, Barbara Dix and Eleanor Waxman provided guidance on the WinDOAS software package, and comments on the manuscript. NR 75 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 5 U2 40 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 6 BP 1797 EP 1814 DI 10.5194/amt-3-1797-2010 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 698DV UT WOS:000285573200022 ER PT J AU Shinoda, T Kiladis, GN Roundy, PE AF Shinoda, Toshiaki Kiladis, George N. Roundy, Paul E. TI Statistical representation of equatorial waves and tropical instability waves in the Pacific Ocean (vol 94, pg 37, 2009) SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Correction C1 [Shinoda, Toshiaki] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmosphere Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Roundy, Paul E.] SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY USA. RP Shinoda, T (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmosphere Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RI Shinoda, Toshiaki/J-3745-2016 OI Shinoda, Toshiaki/0000-0003-1416-2206 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 95 IS 1 BP 114 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.11.001 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 537WY UT WOS:000273146200012 ER PT J AU Wei, MZ Toth, Z Zhu, YJ AF Wei, Mozheng Toth, Zoltan Zhu, Yuejian TI Analysis differences and error variance estimates from multi-centre analysis data SO AUSTRALIAN METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Ensemble Prediction and Data Assimilation CY 2009 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res ID ENSEMBLE DATA ASSIMILATION; PREDICTION SYSTEM; FORECAST SYSTEM; NCEP; PERTURBATIONS; TRANSFORM; ECMWF AB Analysis fields produced by modern data assimilation (DA) systems are considered to be the best estimate of the state of nature and are used as initial conditions for numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. However, all analysis data have errors which come from the errors in the background fields, observation data and the model itself, in addition to the errors generated by the DA techniques used. These analysis errors ultimately limit the prediction skill of NWP weather forecasts. One important development in extending NWP forecasting capability is the development and implementation of ensemble forecasting systems. To generate an efficient ensemble system with a limited number of ensemble members, one needs to construct the initial perturbations from the initial analysis error covariance. Thus, how to estimate the analysis error variance is an important and challenging issue in variational DA systems such as 3D/4D-Var. This paper presents one of our efforts at estimating analysis error variance. In this method, we use analysis data-sets from several NWP centres. It can be shown that the squared centre mean (CM) analysis error with respect to the unknown truth is smaller than the mean squared error of all individual analysis fields from different centres. In general, the CM analysis is closer to the truth than the individual analysis, especially when the number of centres is large. Our results show that the long-term averaged differences and standard deviations between the individual analysis and the CM analysis indicate less uncertainty over regions with a large number of conventional observations, such as the North American and Eurasian regions. Larger uncertainties are found mostly over oceanic regions where conventional observations are sparse. However, there are systematic errors or biases in analyses from different centres due to the differences in models, observation errors, methods of quality control and DA methodologies. These systematic errors do not necessarily represent the true analysis errors. We introduce a method that will remove the systematic errors from the different centre analyses before estimating the analysis error variance. It is found that the time-averaged differences between the different centre anomalies and the CM anomaly represent the uncertainties over different regions according to the observation densities over land and ocean after systematic errors are removed from the raw data. The spread over the average anomaly from the different centres represents the analysis error variance better. Our results demonstrate that this quantity could provide a more accurate estimate of the true analysis error variance that we are seeking. C1 [Wei, Mozheng; Toth, Zoltan; Zhu, Yuejian] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Wei, MZ (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 207, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Mozheng.Wei@noaa.gov RI Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015 OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AUSTRALIAN BUREAU METEOROLOGY PI MELBOURNE PA GPO BOX 1289, MELBOURNE, VIC 3001, AUSTRALIA SN 1836-716X J9 AUST METEOROL OCEAN JI Aust. Meteorol. Oceanogr. J. PY 2010 VL 59 SI SI BP 25 EP 34 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 571AM UT WOS:000275720900005 ER PT S AU Riley, GV Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL AF Riley, G. V. Hussey, D. S. Jacobson, D. L. BE Ogumi, Z Dudney, NJ Narayanan, SR TI In Situ Neutron Imaging Of Alkaline And Lithium Batteries SO BATTERY/ENERGY TECHNOLOGY (GENERAL) - 216TH ECS MEETING SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Battery/Energy Technology Joint General Session Held During the 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Battery, Energy Technol ID ION BATTERIES; RADIOGRAPHY AB We report on in situ tomographic (three dimensional) measurements of alkaline and lithium primary AA cells during constant current discharge to zero charge. The measurement spatial resolution was 150 um, and the relative uncertainty due only to counting statistics was of order a few percent for a one hour measurement time. The results for alkaline cells are consistent with the current understanding of discharge. The degree of anode utilization is seen to depend on discharge current, with a 0.5 A resulting in more complete utilization than that of a 1 A discharge. The lithium primary cell data has an additional systematic uncertainty due to beam hardening, which can be corrected. In these corrected images, the center of the jelly roll, which is initial empty, fills with cathode material and changes in the cell are similar for a 1 A and 0.1 A discharge rate. C1 [Riley, G. V.] Miami Univ, Dept Phys, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Hussey, D. S.; Jacobson, D. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Riley, GV (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Phys, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RI Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016 OI Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178 FU U.S. Department of Commerce; NIST Ionizing Radiation Division; Director's office of NIST; NIST Center for Neutron Research; Department of Energy interagency [DE_ AI0101EE50660] FX The authors would like to acknowledge D. Penumadu and F. Kim of the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, for useful discussion and sharing of the beam hardening standard. One author (G.V.R) would like to acknowledge the NIST SURF program for supporting his summer research. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce, the NIST Ionizing Radiation Division, the Director's office of NIST, the NIST Center for Neutron Research, and the Department of Energy interagency agreement No. DE_ AI0101EE50660. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-809-1 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 25 IS 35 BP 75 EP 83 DI 10.1149/1.3414005 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BDH26 UT WOS:000313248000007 ER PT J AU Kealley, CS Sokolova, AV Kearley, GJ Kemner, E Russina, M Faraone, A Hamilton, WA Gilbert, EP AF Kealley, C. S. Sokolova, A. V. Kearley, G. J. Kemner, E. Russina, M. Faraone, A. Hamilton, W. A. Gilbert, E. P. TI Dynamical transition in a large globular protein: Macroscopic properties and glass transition SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Dynamic; Globular protein; Temperature; Moisture content ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PURPLE MEMBRANES; HYDRATION WATER; STATE DIAGRAMS; SOY PROTEIN; SOLVENT; MOTIONS; BACTERIORHODOPSIN AB Hydrated soy-proteins display different macroscopic properties below and above approximately 25% moisture. This is relevant to the food industry in terms of processing and handling. Quasi-elastic neutron spectroscopy of a large globular soy-protein, glycinin, reveals that a similar moisture-content dependence exists for the microscopic dynamics as well. We find evidence of a transition analogous to those found in smaller proteins, when investigated as a function of temperature, at the so-called dynamical transition. In contrast, the glass transition seems to be unrelated. Small proteins are good model systems for the much larger proteins because the relaxation characteristics are rather similar despite the change in scale. For dry samples, which do not show the dynamical transition, the dynamics of the methyl group is probably the most important contribution to the QENS spectra, however a simple rotational model is not able to explain the data. Our results indicate that the dynamics that occurs above the transition temperature is unrelated to that at lower temperatures and that the transition is not simply related to the relaxation rate falling within the spectral window of the spectrometer. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kealley, C. S.; Sokolova, A. V.; Kearley, G. J.; Hamilton, W. A.; Gilbert, E. P.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Kealley, C. S.] Univ Technol Sydney, Inst Nanoscale Technol, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia. [Kemner, E.; Russina, M.] Helmholtz Zentrum, Dept Methods & Instruments, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Faraone, A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Faraone, A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kearley, GJ (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, PMB 1, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. EM gordon.kearley@ansto.gov.au RI Gilbert, Elliot/A-5566-2010; Russina, Margarita/E-9886-2016 OI Gilbert, Elliot/0000-0001-6413-7813; Russina, Margarita/0000-0003-2067-606X FU European Commission [RII3-CT-2003-505925]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; National Institute of Standards and Technology; U.S. Department of Commerce; Australian Government's innovation statement, Backing Australia's Ability FX This research project has been supported by the European Commission under the 6th Framework Programme through the Key Action: Strengthening the European Research Infrastructures. The contract number was RII3-CT-2003-505925 (NMI 3). This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. We acknowledge the financial support from the Access to Major Research Facilities Programme which is a component of the International Science Linkages Programme established under the Australian Government's innovation statement, Backing Australia's Ability. This work was conducted in collaboration with the CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, Food Science Australia and the University of Queensland. The authors would like to acknowledge Dr Manoj Rout and the team at Food Science Australia in North Ryde for providing the dry glycinin powders, Dr Ingrid Appleqvist for useful discussions, and Martin Jones for assistance in sample preparation for QENS studies. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-9639 J9 BBA-PROTEINS PROTEOM JI BBA-Proteins Proteomics PD JAN PY 2010 VL 1804 IS 1 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.06.027 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 532QT UT WOS:000272765200006 PM 19596088 ER PT J AU Ardelan, MV Holm-Hansen, O Hewes, CD Reiss, CS Silva, NS Dulaiova, H Steinnes, E Sakshaug, E AF Ardelan, M. V. Holm-Hansen, O. Hewes, C. D. Reiss, C. S. Silva, N. S. Dulaiova, H. Steinnes, E. Sakshaug, E. TI Natural iron enrichment around the Antarctic Peninsula in the Southern Ocean SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WEDDELL-SCOTIA CONFLUENCE; A MAXIMA DCMS; DISSOLVED IRON; BRANSFIELD STRAIT; CHLOROPHYLL-A; PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION; WATER COLUMN; SEA; LIMITATION AB As part of the US-AMLR program in January-February of 2006, 99 stations in the South Shetland Islands-Antarctic Peninsula region were sampled to understand the variability in hydrographic and biological properties related to the abundance and distribution of krill in this area. Concentrations of dissolved iron (DFe) and total acid-leachable iron (TaLFe) were measured in the upper 150 m at 16 of these stations (both coastal and pelagic waters) to better resolve the factors limiting primary production in this area and in downstream waters of the Scotia Sea. The concentrations of DFe and TaLFe in the upper mixed layer (UML) were relatively high in Weddell Sea Shelf Waters (similar to 0.6 nM and 15 nM, respectively) and low in Drake Passage waters (similar to 0.2 nM and 0.9 nM, respectively). In the Bransfield Strait, representing a mixture of waters from the Weddell Sea and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), concentrations of DFe were similar to 0.4 nM and of TaLFe similar to 1.7 nM. The highest concentrations of DFe and TaLFe in the UML were found at shallow coastal stations close to Livingston Island (similar to 1.6 nM and 100 nM, respectively). The ratio of TaLFe:DFe varied with the distance to land: similar to 45 at the shallow coastal stations, similar to 15 in the high-salinity waters of Bransfield Strait, and similar to 4 in ACC waters. Concentrations of DFe increased slightly with depth in the water column, while that of TaLFe did not show any consistent trend with depth. Our Fe data are discussed in regard to the hydrography and water circulation patterns in the study area, and with the hypothesis that the relatively high rates of primary production in the central regions of the Scotia Sea are partially sustained by natural iron enrichment resulting from a northeasterly flow of iron-rich coastal waters originating in the South Shetland Islands-Antarctic Peninsula region. C1 [Ardelan, M. V.; Sakshaug, E.] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, NTNU, Dept Biol, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Holm-Hansen, O.; Hewes, C. D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Marine Biol Res, Polar Res Program, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Reiss, C. S.] NOAA Fisheries, Antarct Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Silva, N. S.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso, Escuela Ciencias Mar, Valparaiso, Chile. [Dulaiova, H.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ardelan, M. V.; Steinnes, E.] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. RP Ardelan, MV (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, NTNU, Dept Biol, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. EM murato@nt.ntnu.no FU Norwegian Polar Institute [3557-103-E]; US AMLR Program; Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division at NOAA's Southwest Fisheries Research Center, La Jolla, California [NA17RJ1231] FX We wish to thank the officers and crew of R/V Yuzhmorgeologiya for their invaluable help during the course of this field study, and the NOAA US AMLR Program team that made this study possible with logistics support and help in collecting samples. The authors are very grateful to Svein Kristiansen from University of Tromso, for lending his GO-FLO bottles and S. Lierhagen for his contribution performing the HR-ICP-MS analysis. This work was supported by the Norwegian Polar Institute (grant 3557-103-E. Sakshaug) and the US AMLR Program, administered by the Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division at NOAA's Southwest Fisheries Research Center, La Jolla, California, under grant NA17RJ1231 (O. Holm-Hansen). Views contained herein are those of the authors and do not reflect those of NOAA. NR 62 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2010 VL 7 IS 1 BP 11 EP 25 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 549NM UT WOS:000274058100002 ER PT J AU Henson, SA Sarmiento, JL Dunne, JP Bopp, L Lima, I Doney, SC John, J Beaulieu, C AF Henson, S. A. Sarmiento, J. L. Dunne, J. P. Bopp, L. Lima, I. Doney, S. C. John, J. Beaulieu, C. TI Detection of anthropogenic climate change in satellite records of ocean chlorophyll and productivity SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; EXPORT PRODUCTION; FISH PRODUCTION; REGIME SHIFTS; SYSTEM MODEL; LAND MODEL; CARBON; LIGHT AB Global climate change is predicted to alter the ocean's biological productivity. But how will we recognise the impacts of climate change on ocean productivity? The most comprehensive information available on its global distribution comes from satellite ocean colour data. Now that over ten years of satellite-derived chlorophyll and productivity data have accumulated, can we begin to detect and attribute climate change-driven trends in productivity? Here we compare recent trends in satellite ocean colour data to longer-term time series from three biogeochemical models (GFDL, IPSL and NCAR). We find that detection of climate change-driven trends in the satellite data is confounded by the relatively short time series and large interannual and decadal variability in productivity. Thus, recent observed changes in chlorophyll, primary production and the size of the oligotrophic gyres cannot be unequivocally attributed to the impact of global climate change. Instead, our analyses suggest that a time series of similar to 40 years length is needed to distinguish a global warming trend from natural variability. In some regions, notably equatorial regions, detection times are predicted to be shorter (similar to 20-30 years). Analysis of modelled chlorophyll and primary production from 2001-2100 suggests that, on average, the climate change-driven trend will not be unambiguously separable from decadal variability until similar to 2055. Because the magnitude of natural variability in chlorophyll and primary production is larger than, or similar to, the global warming trend, a consistent, decades-long data record must be established if the impact of climate change on ocean productivity is to be definitively detected. C1 [Henson, S. A.; Sarmiento, J. L.; Beaulieu, C.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Dunne, J. P.; John, J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Bopp, L.] Lab Sci Climate & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Doney, S. C.; John, J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Henson, SA (reprint author), Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. EM S.Henson@noc.soton.ac.uk RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; John, Jasmin/F-8194-2012; Lima, Ivan/A-6823-2016 OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; John, Jasmin/0000-0003-2696-277X; Lima, Ivan/0000-0001-5345-0652 FU NASA [NNG06GE77G, NNX07AL81G]; BP Amoco; NSF [EF-0424599]; ANR-GlobPhy [FP7-MEECE] FX SeaWiFS data were provided by GSFC/NASA in accordance with the SeaWiFS Research Data Use Terms and Conditions Agreement. S. A. H. was supported by NASA grants NNG06GE77G and NNX07AL81G. J. L. S. and C. B. acknowledge support from the Carbon Mitigation Initiative funded by BP Amoco. S. C. D. and I. L. were supported by NSF grant EF-0424599. L. B. acknowledges support from the ANR-GlobPhy and FP7-MEECE projects. NR 94 TC 140 Z9 140 U1 6 U2 69 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2010 VL 7 IS 2 BP 621 EP 640 PG 20 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 561QQ UT WOS:000274993900014 ER PT J AU Galbraith, ED Gnanadesikan, A Dunne, JP Hiscock, MR AF Galbraith, E. D. Gnanadesikan, A. Dunne, J. P. Hiscock, M. R. TI Regional impacts of iron-light colimitation in a global biogeochemical model SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DIATOM PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA; MARINE ECOSYSTEM MODEL; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; DISSOLVED IRON; NORTH-ATLANTIC; WORLD OCEAN; LIMITATION; NITROGEN AB Laboratory and field studies have revealed that iron has multiple roles in phytoplankton physiology, with particular importance for light-harvesting cellular machinery. However, although iron-limitation is explicitly included in numerous biogeochemical/ecosystem models, its implementation varies, and its effect on the efficiency of light harvesting is often ignored. Given the complexity of the ocean environment, it is difficult to predict the consequences of applying different iron limitation schemes. Here we explore the interaction of iron and nutrient cycles in an ocean general circulation model using a new, streamlined model of ocean biogeochemistry. Building on previously published parameterizations of photoadaptation and export production, the Biogeochemistry with Light Iron Nutrients and Gasses (BLING) model is constructed with only four explicit tracers but including macronutrient and micronutrient limitation, light limitation, and an implicit treatment of community structure. The structural simplicity of this computationally-inexpensive model allows us to clearly isolate the global effect that iron availability has on maximum light-saturated photosynthesis rates vs. the effect iron has on photosynthetic efficiency. We find that the effect on light-saturated photosynthesis rates is dominant, negating the importance of photosynthetic efficiency in most regions, especially the cold waters of the Southern Ocean. The primary exceptions to this occur in iron-rich regions of the Northern Hemisphere, where high light-saturated photosynthesis rates allow photosynthetic efficiency to play a more important role. In other words, the ability to efficiently harvest photons has little effect in regions where light-saturated growth rates are low. Additionally, we speculate that the phytoplankton cells dominating iron-limited regions tend to have relatively high photosynthetic efficiency, due to reduced packaging effects. If this speculation is correct, it would imply that natural communities of iron-stressed phytoplankton may tend to harvest photons more efficiently than would be inferred from iron-limitation experiments with other phytoplankton. We suggest that iron limitation of photosynthetic efficiency has a relatively small impact on global biogeochemistry, though it is expected to impact the seasonal cycle of plankton as well as the vertical structure of primary production. C1 [Gnanadesikan, A.; Dunne, J. P.] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Galbraith, E. D.; Hiscock, M. R.] Princeton Univ, AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Galbraith, ED (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. EM eric.galbraith@mcgill.ca RI Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Galbraith, Eric/F-9469-2014 OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Galbraith, Eric/0000-0003-4476-4232 NR 75 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2010 VL 7 IS 3 BP 1043 EP 1064 PG 22 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 576WJ UT WOS:000276180300017 ER PT J AU Schuh, AE Denning, AS Corbin, KD Baker, IT Uliasz, M Parazoo, N Andrews, AE Worthy, DEJ AF Schuh, A. E. Denning, A. S. Corbin, K. D. Baker, I. T. Uliasz, M. Parazoo, N. Andrews, A. E. Worthy, D. E. J. TI A regional high-resolution carbon flux inversion of North America for 2004 SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 MEASUREMENTS; MODEL; ECOSYSTEMS; TRANSPORT; EXCHANGE; EMISSIONS; TOWER; LEARN; RAMS AB Resolving the discrepancies between NEE estimates based upon (1) ground studies and (2) atmospheric inversion results, demands increasingly sophisticated techniques. In this paper we present a high-resolution inversion based upon a regional meteorology model (RAMS) and an underlying biosphere (SiB3) model, both running on an identical 40 km grid over most of North America. Current operational systems like CarbonTracker as well as many previous global inversions including the Transcom suite of inversions have utilized inversion regions formed by collapsing biome-similar grid cells into larger aggregated regions. An extreme example of this might be where corrections to NEE imposed on forested regions on the east coast of the United States might be the same as that imposed on forests on the west coast of the United States while, in reality, there likely exist subtle differences in the two areas, both natural and anthropogenic. Our current inversion framework utilizes a combination of previously employed inversion techniques while allowing carbon flux corrections to be biome independent. Temporally and spatially high-resolution results utilizing biome-independent corrections provide insight into carbon dynamics in North America. In particular, we analyze hourly CO2 mixing ratio data from a sparse network of eight towers in North America for 2004. A prior estimate of carbon fluxes due to Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER) is constructed from the SiB3 biosphere model on a 40 km grid. A combination of transport from the RAMS and the Parameterized Chemical Transport Model (PCTM) models is used to forge a connection between upwind biosphere fluxes and downwind observed CO2 mixing ratio data. A Kalman filter procedure is used to estimate weekly corrections to biosphere fluxes based upon observed CO2. RMSE-weighted annual NEE estimates, over an ensemble of potential inversion parameter sets, show a mean estimate 0.57 Pg/yr sink in North America. We perform the inversion with two independently derived boundary inflow conditions and calculate jackknife-based statistics to test the robustness of the model results. We then compare final results to estimates obtained from the CarbonTracker inversion system and at the Southern Great Plains flux site. Results are promising, showing the ability to correct carbon fluxes from the biosphere models over annual and seasonal time scales, as well as over the different GPP and ER components. Additionally, the correlation of an estimated sink of carbon in the South Central United States with regional anomalously high precipitation in an area of managed agricultural and forest lands provides interesting hypotheses for future work. C1 [Schuh, A. E.; Denning, A. S.; Corbin, K. D.; Baker, I. T.; Uliasz, M.; Parazoo, N.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Andrews, A. E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Worthy, D. E. J.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Schuh, AE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM aschuh@atmos.colostate.edu RI Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Denning, Scott/F-4974-2011 OI Denning, Scott/0000-0003-3032-7875 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX I would like to acknowledge several people who provided their calibrated carbon dioxide data to me and without which this paper would not have been possible. A. Andrews (ESRL/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) provided data for the WKWT (Texas, US) and Argyle (Maine, US) towers, M. Fischer/M. Torn provided data for the Southern Great Plains site (Oklahoma, US) in particular Data collection was supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program, S. Wofsy/B. Munger provided data for NR 59 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2010 VL 7 IS 5 BP 1625 EP 1644 DI 10.5194/bg-7-1625-2010 PG 20 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 603CC UT WOS:000278184500016 ER PT J AU Mathis, JT Cross, JN Bates, NR Moran, SB Lomas, MW Mordy, CW Stabeno, PJ AF Mathis, J. T. Cross, J. N. Bates, N. R. Moran, S. Bradley Lomas, M. W. Mordy, C. W. Stabeno, P. J. TI Seasonal distribution of dissolved inorganic carbon and net community production on the Bering Sea shelf SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPRING BLOOM; ANOMALOUS CONDITIONS; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SURFACE WATERS; NORTH PACIFIC; INNER FRONT; UPPER OCEAN AB In order to assess the current state of net community production (NCP) in the southeastern Bering Sea, we measured the spatio-temporal distribution and controls on dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations in spring and summer of 2008 across six shelf domains defined by differing biogeochemical characteristics. DIC concentrations were tightly coupled to salinity in spring and ranged from similar to 1900 mu moles kg(-1) over the inner shelf to similar to 2400 mu moles kg(-1) in the deeper waters of the Bering Sea. In summer, DIC concentrations were lower due to dilution from sea ice melt, terrestrial inputs, and primary production. Concentrations were found to be as low similar to 1800 mu moles kg(-1) over the inner shelf. We found that DIC concentrations were drawn down 30-150 mu moles kg(-1) in the upper 30 m of the water column due to primary production and calcium carbonate formation between the spring and summer occupations. Using the seasonal drawdown of DIC, estimated rates of NCP on the inner, middle, and outer shelf averaged 28 +/- 9 mmoles C m(-2) d(-1). However, higher rates of NCP (40-47 mmoles C m(-2) d(-1)) were observed in the 'Green Belt' where the greatest confluence of nutrient-rich basin water and iron-rich shelf water occurs. We estimated that in 2008, total NCP across the shelf was on the order of similar to 96 Tg C yr(-1). Due to the paucity of consistent, comparable productivity data, it is impossible at this time to quantify whether the system is becoming more or less productive. However, as changing climate continues to modify the character of the Bering Sea, we have shown that NCP can be an important indicator of how the ecosystem is functioning. C1 [Mathis, J. T.; Cross, J. N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Bates, N. R.; Lomas, M. W.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, GE-01 Ferry Reach, Bermuda. [Moran, S. Bradley] Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Mordy, C. W.; Stabeno, P. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Mathis, JT (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 245 ONeill BLDG, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jmathis@sfos.uaf.edu OI Cross, Jessica/0000-0002-6650-9905; Lomas, Michael/0000-0003-1209-3753 FU NSF [ARC-0732359]; NPRB [244]; US Minerals Management Service, Alaska OCS Region; Coastal Marine Institute at the University of Alaska Fairbanks [M08AC12645]; BEST-BSIERP FX The authors thank the officers and crew of the USCGC Healy for their tireless efforts in supporting our work. Without their commitment, none of the science would be possible. We also thank the hydrographic team from NOAA-PMEL for providing the nutrient and dissolved oxygen data discussed here. Finally, we thank our colleagues in the BEST-BSIERP Project, supported by NSF and NPRB. The work presented in this paper was supported by the US Minerals Management Service, Alaska OCS Region and the Coastal Marine Institute at the University of Alaska Fairbanks under Agreement M08AC12645. MWL was supported by NSF award ARC-0732359, and this is BIOS Contribution No. 2001. This is NPRB Publication # 244 and BEST-BSIERP Publication # 5. NR 120 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2010 VL 7 IS 5 BP 1769 EP 1787 DI 10.5194/bg-7-1769-2010 PG 19 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 603CC UT WOS:000278184500025 ER PT J AU Schuh, AE Denning, AS Corbin, KD Baker, IT Uliasz, M Parazoo, N Andrews, AE Worthy, DEJ AF Schuh, A. E. Denning, A. S. Corbin, K. D. Baker, I. T. Uliasz, M. Parazoo, N. Andrews, A. E. Worthy, D. E. J. TI A regional high-resolution carbon flux inversion of North America for 2004 (vol 7, pg 1625, 2010) SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Correction AB No abstract available. C1 [Schuh, A. E.; Denning, A. S.; Corbin, K. D.; Baker, I. T.; Uliasz, M.; Parazoo, N.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Andrews, A. E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Worthy, D. E. J.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Schuh, AE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM aschuh@atmos.colostate.edu RI Denning, Scott/F-4974-2011; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012 OI Denning, Scott/0000-0003-3032-7875; NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2010 VL 7 IS 7 BP 2245 EP 2245 DI 10.5194/bg-7-2245-2010 PG 1 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 633PJ UT WOS:000280515300016 ER PT J AU Sarmiento, JL Gloor, M Gruber, N Beaulieu, C Jacobson, AR Fletcher, SEM Pacala, S Rodgers, K AF Sarmiento, J. L. Gloor, M. Gruber, N. Beaulieu, C. Jacobson, A. R. Fletcher, S. E. Mikaloff Pacala, S. Rodgers, K. TI Trends and regional distributions of land and ocean carbon sinks SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TROPICAL FORESTS; LONG-TERM; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; VEGETATION; DEFORESTATION; HEMISPHERE; EMISSIONS; NORTHERN AB We show here an updated estimate of the net land carbon sink (NLS) as a function of time from 1960 to 2007 calculated from the difference between fossil fuel emissions, the observed atmospheric growth rate, and the ocean uptake obtained by recent ocean model simulations forced with reanalysis wind stress and heat and water fluxes. Except for interannual variability, the net land carbon sink appears to have been relatively constant at a mean value of -0.27 Pg C yr(-1) between 1960 and 1988, at which time it increased abruptly by -0.88 (-0.77 to -1.04) Pg C yr(-1) to a new relatively constant mean of -1.15 Pg C yr(-1) between 1989 and 2003/7 (the sign convention is negative out of the atmosphere). This result is detectable at the 99% level using a t-test. The land use source (LU) is relatively constant over this entire time interval. While the LU estimate is highly uncertain, this does imply that most of the change in the net land carbon sink must be due to an abrupt increase in the land sink, LS = NLS - LU, in response to some as yet unknown combination of biogeochemical and climate forcing. A regional synthesis and assessment of the land carbon sources and sinks over the post 1988/1989 period reveals broad agreement that the Northern Hemisphere land is a major sink of atmospheric CO2, but there remain major discrepancies with regard to the sign and magnitude of the net flux to and from tropical land. C1 [Sarmiento, J. L.; Beaulieu, C.; Fletcher, S. E. Mikaloff; Rodgers, K.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gloor, M.] Univ Leeds, Earth & Biosphere Inst, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Gloor, M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Gruber, N.] ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Zurich, Switzerland. [Jacobson, A. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Pacala, S.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Sarmiento, JL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM jls@princeton.edu RI Gruber, Nicolas/B-7013-2009; OI Gruber, Nicolas/0000-0002-2085-2310; Mikaloff Fletcher, Sara/0000-0003-0741-0320 FU Department of Energy under a NICCR proposal; NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory and Earth System Research Laboratory; SMF; Ford Motor Company; EBI; EEE institutes at the University of Leeds; ETH Zurich; Fonds Quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies; Carbon Mitigation Initiative FX We thank G. Marland for providing his most recent estimates of fossil fuel emission and J. Simeon for help on data analysis. We greatly appreciate helpful comments received on very early versions of this manuscript from Oliver Phillips as well as M. Bender, R. Keeling, C. Le Quere, B. Mignone, M. Oppenheimer, D. Sigman, and R. Wanninkhof. The work of JLS on the global carbon cycle has been supported by the Department of Energy under a NICCR proposal, by the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory and Earth System Research Laboratory, which also supported SMF, and the Carbon Mitigation Initiative with support from the Ford Motor Company and by BP, which also supported SP and KR. MG was supported by the EBI and EEE institutes at the University of Leeds, and NG by ETH Zurich. CB was supported by the Fonds Quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies and by the Carbon Mitigation Initiative. NR 76 TC 95 Z9 100 U1 5 U2 71 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2010 VL 7 IS 8 BP 2351 EP 2367 DI 10.5194/bg-7-2351-2010 PG 17 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 645DT UT WOS:000281431800005 ER PT J AU Ramirez-Llodra, E Brandt, A Danovaro, R De Mol, B Escobar, E German, CR Levin, LA Arbizu, PM Menot, L Buhl-Mortensen, P Narayanaswamy, BE Smith, CR Tittensor, DP Tyler, PA Vanreusel, A Vecchione, M AF Ramirez-Llodra, E. Brandt, A. Danovaro, R. De Mol, B. Escobar, E. German, C. R. Levin, L. A. Arbizu, P. Martinez Menot, L. Buhl-Mortensen, P. Narayanaswamy, B. E. Smith, C. R. Tittensor, D. P. Tyler, P. A. Vanreusel, A. Vecchione, M. TI Deep, diverse and definitely different: unique attributes of the world's largest ecosystem SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CORAL LOPHELIA-PERTUSA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CENTRAL ARCTIC-OCEAN; NEMATODE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SHRIMP ARISTEUS-ANTENNATUS; SEA HYDROTHERMAL VENTS; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; TROPICAL NORTHEAST ATLANTIC; NORWEGIAN CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CENTRAL EQUATORIAL PACIFIC AB The deep sea, the largest biome on Earth, has a series of characteristics that make this environment both distinct from other marine and land ecosystems and unique for the entire planet. This review describes these patterns and processes, from geological settings to biological processes, biodiversity and biogeographical patterns. It concludes with a brief discussion of current threats from anthropogenic activities to deep-sea habitats and their fauna. Investigations of deep-sea habitats and their fauna began in the late 19th century. In the intervening years, technological developments and stimulating discoveries have promoted deep-sea research and changed our way of understanding life on the planet. Nevertheless, the deep sea is still mostly unknown and current discovery rates of both habitats and species remain high. The geological, physical and geochemical settings of the deep-sea floor and the water column form a series of different habitats with unique characteristics that support specific faunal communities. Since 1840, 28 new habitats/ecosystems have been discovered from the shelf break to the deep trenches and discoveries of new habitats are still happening in the early 21st century. However, for most of these habitats the global area covered is unknown or has been only very roughly estimated; an even smaller - indeed, minimal - proportion has actually been sampled and investigated. We currently perceive most of the deep-sea ecosystems as heterotrophic, depending ultimately on the flux on organic matter produced in the overlying surface ocean through photosynthesis. The resulting strong food limitation thus shapes deep-sea biota and communities, with exceptions only in reducing ecosystems such as inter alia hydrothermal vents or cold seeps. Here, chemoautolithotrophic bacteria play the role of primary producers fuelled by chemical energy sources rather than sunlight. Other ecosystems, such as seamounts, canyons or cold-water corals have an increased productivity through specific physical processes, such as topographic modification of currents and enhanced transport of particles and detrital matter. Because of its unique abiotic attributes, the deep sea hosts a specialized fauna. Although there are no phyla unique to deep waters, at lower taxonomic levels the composition of the fauna is distinct from that found in the upper ocean. Amongst other characteristic patterns, deep-sea species may exhibit either gigantism or dwarfism, related to the decrease in food availability with depth. Food limitation on the seafloor and water column is also reflected in the trophic structure of heterotrophic deep-sea communities, which are adapted to low energy availability. In most of these heterotrophic habitats, the dominant megafauna is composed of detritivores, while filter feeders are abundant in habitats with hard substrata (e. g. mid-ocean ridges, seamounts, canyon walls and coral reefs). Chemoautotrophy through symbiotic relationships is dominant in reducing habitats. Deep-sea biodiversity is among of the highest on the planet, mainly composed of macro and meiofauna, with high evenness. This is true for most of the continental margins and abyssal plains with hot spots of diversity such as seamounts or cold-water corals. However, in some ecosystems with particularly "extreme" physicochemical processes (e.g. hydrothermal vents), biodiversity is low but abundance and biomass are high and the communities are dominated by a few species. Two large-scale diversity patterns have been discussed for deep-sea benthic communities. First, a unimodal relationship between diversity and depth is observed, with a peak at intermediate depths (2000-3000 m), although this is not universal and particular abiotic processes can modify the trend. Secondly, a poleward trend of decreasing diversity has been discussed, but this remains controversial and studies with larger and more robust data sets are needed. Because of the paucity in our knowledge of habitat coverage and species composition, biogeographic studies are mostly based on regional data or on specific taxonomic groups. Recently, global biogeographic provinces for the pelagic and benthic deep ocean have been described, using environmental and, where data were available, taxonomic information. This classification described 30 pelagic provinces and 38 benthic provinces divided into 4 depth ranges, as well as 10 hydrothermal vent provinces. One of the major issues faced by deep-sea biodiversity and biogeographical studies is related to the high number of species new to science that are collected regularly, together with the slow description rates for these new species. Taxonomic coordination at the global scale is particularly difficult, but is essential if we are to analyse large diversity and biogeographic trends. Because of their remoteness, anthropogenic impacts on deep-sea ecosystems have not been addressed very thoroughly until recently. The depletion of biological and mineral resources on land and in shallow waters, coupled with technological developments, are promoting the increased interest in services provided by deep-water resources. Although often largely unknown, evidence for the effects of human activities in deep-water ecosystems - such as deep-sea mining, hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation, fishing, dumping and littering - is already accumulating. Because of our limited knowledge of deep-sea biodiversity and ecosystem functioning and because of the specific life-history adaptations of many deep-sea species (e. g. slow growth and delayed maturity), it is essential that the scientific community works closely with industry, conservation organisations and policy makers to develop robust and efficient conservation and management options. C1 [Ramirez-Llodra, E.] CSIC, Inst Ciencias Mar, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. [Brandt, A.] Biocentrum Grindel & Zool Museum, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Danovaro, R.] Polytech Univ Marche, Dept Marine Sci, I-60131 Ancona, Italy. [De Mol, B.] Univ Barcelona, Parc Cient Barcelona, GRC Geociencies Marines, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Escobar, E.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [German, C. R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Levin, L. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Arbizu, P. Martinez] Deutsches Zentrum Marine Biodiversitatsforsch, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany. [Menot, L.] IFREMER, Ctr Brest, DEEP LEP, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Buhl-Mortensen, P.] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Narayanaswamy, B. E.] Scottish Marine Inst, Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. [Smith, C. R.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Tittensor, D. P.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Tyler, P. A.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Vanreusel, A.] Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Vecchione, M.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, NMFS Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Ramirez-Llodra, E (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ciencias Mar, Passeig Maritim Barceloneta 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. EM ezr@icm.csic.es RI De Mol, Ben/H-2142-2012; MENOT, LENAICK/N-6899-2016; OI MENOT, LENAICK/0000-0002-8117-1607; Martinez-Arbizu, Pedro/0000-0002-0891-1154; Narayanaswamy, Bhavani/0000-0002-5810-9127 FU Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Fondation Total and EuroCoML; CoML-ChEss programme; Fondation Total; National Science Foundation; CoML-COMARGE; ChEss programmes; Sloan Foundation; NOAA FX This paper has been written under the umbrella of the Census of Marine Life synthesis initiative SYNDEEP, supported by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, Fondation Total and EuroCoML, which are gratefully acknowledged. ERLL is funded by the CoML-ChEss programme (A. P. Sloan Foundation) and Fondation Total. CRG acknowledges support from the CoML-ChEss programme. LAL acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation and the CoML-COMARGE and ChEss programmes. DPT acknowledges funding from the CoML-FMAP programme. MV acknowledges the CoML-MAR-ECO programme (Sloan Foundation and NOAA). H. Hafermann and R. Mahatma analysed the samples used for Fig. 12. The authors would like to thank the editorial comments of Gerhard Herndl and the reviews from D. Pawson and J. Ott, which helped improved the orignial manuscript. NR 468 TC 129 Z9 133 U1 36 U2 360 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2010 VL 7 IS 9 BP 2851 EP 2899 DI 10.5194/bg-7-2851-2010 PG 49 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 657QQ UT WOS:000282427800015 ER PT J AU Masotti, I Belviso, S Alvain, S Johnson, JE Bates, TS Tortell, PD Kasamatsu, N Mongin, M Marandino, CA Saltzman, ES Moulin, C AF Masotti, I. Belviso, S. Alvain, S. Johnson, J. E. Bates, T. S. Tortell, P. D. Kasamatsu, N. Mongin, M. Marandino, C. A. Saltzman, E. S. Moulin, C. TI Spatial and temporal variability of the dimethylsulfide to chlorophyll ratio in the surface ocean: an assessment based on phytoplankton group dominance determined from space SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; COCCOLITHOPHORE BLOOM; IRON FERTILIZATION; SEASONAL-VARIATION; CLIMATE FEEDBACK; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; INDIAN-OCEAN; ROSS-SEA; DMS; DIMETHYLSULFONIOPROPIONATE AB Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is produced in surface seawater by phytoplankton. Phytoplankton culture experiments have shown that nanoeucaryotes (NANO) display much higher mean DMSP-to-Carbon or DMSP-to-Chlorophyll (Chl) ratios than Prochlorococcus (PRO), Synechococcus (SYN) or diatoms (DIAT). Moreover, the DMSP-lyase activity of algae which cleaves DMSP into dimethylsulfide (DMS) is even more group specific than DMSP itself. Ship-based observations have shown at limited spatial scales, that sea surface DMS-to-Chl ratios (DMS: Chl) are dependent on the composition of phytoplankton groups. Here we use satellite remote sensing of Chl (from SeaWiFS) and of Phytoplankton Group Dominance (PGD from PHYSAT) with ship-based sea surface DMS concentrations (8 cruises in total) to assess this dependence on an unprecedented spatial scale. PHYSAT provides PGD (either NANO, PRO, SYN, DIAT, Phaeocystis (PHAEO) or coccolithophores (COC)) in each satellite pixel (1/4 degrees horizontal resolution). While there are identification errors in the PHYSAT method, it is important to note that these errors are lowest for NANO PGD which we typify by high DMSP: Chl. In summer, in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, we find that mean DMS: Chl associated with NANO + PHAEO and PRO + SYN + DIAT are 13.6 +/- 8.4 mmol g(-1) (n = 34) and 7.3 +/- 4.8 mmol g(-1) (n = 24), respectively. That is a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) that is consistent with NANO and PHAEO being relatively high DMSP producers. However, in the western North Atlantic between 40 degrees N and 60 degrees N, we find no significant difference between the same PGD. This is most likely because coccolithophores account for the non-dominant part of the summer phytoplankton assemblages. Meridional distributions at 22 degrees W in the Atlantic, and 95 degrees W and 110 degrees W in the Pacific, both show a marked drop in DMS: Chl near the equator, down to few mmol g(-1), yet the basins exhibit different PGD (NANO in the Atlantic, PRO and SYN in the Pacific). In tropical and subtropical Atlantic and Pacific waters away from the equatorial and coastal upwelling, mean DMS: Chl associated with high and low DMSP producers are statistically significantly different, but the difference is opposite of that expected from culture experiments. Hence, in a majority of cases PGD is not of primary importance in controlling DMS: Chl variations. We therefore conclude that water-leaving radiance spectra obtained simultaneously from ocean color sensor measurements of Chl concentrations and dominant phytoplankton groups can not be used to predict global fields of DMS. C1 [Masotti, I.; Belviso, S.; Moulin, C.] CEA Saclay, UMR 8212, IPSL CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Alvain, S.] Univ Lille Nord France, ULCO LOG, CNRS, UMR 8187, F-62930 Wimereux, France. [Johnson, J. E.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bates, T. S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Tortell, P. D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Kasamatsu, N.] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo, Japan. [Mongin, M.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Marandino, C. A.] Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, IFM GEOMAR, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Saltzman, E. S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Masotti, I (reprint author), CEA Saclay, UMR 8212, IPSL CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Bat 712, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM italo.masotti@lsce.ipsl.fr RI mongin, mathieu/G-4169-2015 OI mongin, mathieu/0000-0001-9647-0530 NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 28 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2010 VL 7 IS 10 BP 3215 EP 3237 DI 10.5194/bg-7-3215-2010 PG 23 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 673KM UT WOS:000283659200019 ER PT J AU Palter, JB Sarmiento, JL Gnanadesikan, A Simeon, J Slater, RD AF Palter, J. B. Sarmiento, J. L. Gnanadesikan, A. Simeon, J. Slater, R. D. TI Fueling export production: nutrient return pathways from the deep ocean and their dependence on the Meridional Overturning Circulation SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-OCEAN; NITROGEN-FIXATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ANTARCTIC MODE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DRAKE PASSAGE; WORLD OCEAN; WATERS; PYCNOCLINE; TRANSPORT AB In the Southern Ocean, mixing and upwelling in the presence of heat and freshwater surface fluxes transform subpycnocline water to lighter densities as part of the upward branch of the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC). One hypothesized impact of this transformation is the restoration of nutrients to the global pycnocline, without which biological productivity at low latitudes would be significantly reduced. Here we use a novel set of modeling experiments to explore the causes and consequences of the Southern Ocean nutrient return pathway. Specifically, we quantify the contribution to global productivity of nutrients that rise from the ocean interior in the Southern Ocean, the northern high latitudes, and by mixing across the low latitude pycnocline. In addition, we evaluate how the strength of the Southern Ocean winds and the parameterizations of subgridscale processes change the dominant nutrient return pathways in the ocean. Our results suggest that nutrients upwelled from the deep ocean in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and subducted in Subantartic Mode Water support between 33 and 75% of global export production between 30 degrees S and 30 degrees N. The high end of this range results from an ocean model in which the MOC is driven primarily by wind-induced Southern Ocean upwelling, a configuration favored due to its fidelity to tracer data, while the low end results from an MOC driven by high diapycnal diffusivity in the pycnocline. In all models, nutrients exported in the SAMW layer are utilized and converted rapidly (in less than 40 years) to remineralized nutrients, explaining previous modeling results that showed little influence of the drawdown of SAMW surface nutrients on atmospheric carbon concentrations. C1 [Palter, J. B.; Sarmiento, J. L.; Slater, R. D.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gnanadesikan, A.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Simeon, J.] CEN Saclay, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Palter, JB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM jpalter@princeton.edu RI Palter, Jaime/B-9484-2011; Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008 OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116 FU NOAA-Cooperative Institute for Climate Science [NA08OAR4320752]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce [NA07OAR4310096]; Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER64467] FX The authors are thankful for helpful comments from Robbie Toggweiler, Stephanie Downes, Andreas Oschlies, and an anonymous reviewer. The authors acknowledge support from the NOAA-Cooperative Institute for Climate Science Grant #NA08OAR4320752; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce award NA07OAR4310096; and the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER64467. All statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the US Department of Commerce, or the US Department of Energy. NR 66 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2010 VL 7 IS 11 BP 3549 EP 3568 DI 10.5194/bg-7-3549-2010 PG 20 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 687DQ UT WOS:000284756300012 ER PT J AU Sarmiento, JL Slater, RD Dunne, J Gnanadesikan, A Hiscock, MR AF Sarmiento, J. L. Slater, R. D. Dunne, J. Gnanadesikan, A. Hiscock, M. R. TI Efficiency of small scale carbon mitigation by patch iron fertilization SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM; ENRICHMENT EXPERIMENT; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; NUTRIENT-LIMITATION; SUBTROPICAL GYRE; BIOLOGICAL PUMP; GLOBAL OCEAN AB While nutrient depletion scenarios have long shown that the high-latitude High Nutrient Low Chlorophyll (HNLC) regions are the most effective for sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide, recent simulations with prognostic biogeochemical models have suggested that only a fraction of the potential drawdown can be realized. We use a global ocean biogeochemical general circulation model developed at GFDL and Princeton to examine this and related issues. We fertilize two patches in the North and Equatorial Pacific, and two additional patches in the Southern Ocean HNLC region north of the biogeochemical divide and in the Ross Sea south of the biogeochemical divide. We evaluate the simulations using observations from both artificial and natural iron fertilization experiments at nearby locations. We obtain by far the greatest response to iron fertilization at the Ross Sea site, where sea ice prevents escape of sequestered CO2 during the wintertime, and the CO2 removed from the surface ocean by the biological pump is carried into the deep ocean by the circulation. As a consequence, CO2 remains sequestered on century time-scales and the efficiency of fertilization remains almost constant no matter how frequently iron is applied as long as it is confined to the growing season. The second most efficient site is in the Southern Ocean. The North Pacific site has lower initial nutrients and thus a lower efficiency. Fertilization of the Equatorial Pacific leads to an expansion of the suboxic zone and a striking increase in denitrification that causes a sharp reduction in overall surface biological export production and CO2 uptake. The impacts on the oxygen distribution and surface biological export are less prominent at other sites, but nevertheless still a source of concern. The century time scale retention of iron in this model greatly increases the long-term biological response to iron addition as compared with simulations in which the added iron is rapidly scavenged from the ocean. C1 [Sarmiento, J. L.; Slater, R. D.; Hiscock, M. R.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Dunne, J.; Gnanadesikan, A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Sarmiento, JL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM jls@princeton.edu RI Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012 OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489 FU DOE [DE-FG02-00ER63009]; Carbon Mitigation Initiative; Ford Motor Company; BP FX JLS, RDS, and MRH acknowledge support from DOE grant DE-FG02-00ER63009 and by the Carbon Mitigation Initiative supported by BP and Ford Motor Company. Early versions of this paper were written during delightful sabbatical visits to Niki Gruber at ETH in Zurich and Nadia Pinardi at the INGV in Bologna. Comments by Xin Jin were very helpful in clarifying our analysis of the fertilization efficiency. We greatly appreciate comments by S. Henson, K. Rodgers, and M. Westley as well the excellent reviews of A. Oschlies and S. Blaine and comments by A. Tagliabue, all of which helped to improve the paper. NR 97 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 31 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2010 VL 7 IS 11 BP 3593 EP 3624 DI 10.5194/bg-7-3593-2010 PG 32 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 687DQ UT WOS:000284756300014 ER PT J AU Xu, XF Tian, HQ Zhang, C Liu, ML Ren, W Chen, GS Lu, CQ Bruhwiler, L AF Xu, X. F. Tian, H. Q. Zhang, C. Liu, M. L. Ren, W. Chen, G. S. Lu, C. Q. Bruhwiler, L. TI Attribution of spatial and temporal variations in terrestrial methane flux over North America SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE CHANGE; FRESH-WATER MARSHES; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; FOREST SOILS; ELEVATED CO2; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY MODEL; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION AB The attribution of spatial and temporal variations in terrestrial methane (CH4) flux is essential for assessing and mitigating CH4 emission from terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, we used a process-based model, the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM), in conjunction with spatial data of six major environmental factors to attribute the spatial and temporal variations in the terrestrial methane (CH4) flux over North America from 1979 to 2008 to six individual driving factors and their interaction. Over the past three decades, our simulations indicate that global change factors accumulatively contributed 23.51 +/- 9.61 T gCH(4)-C (1 Tg = 10(12) g) emission over North America, among which ozone (O-3) pollution led to a reduced CH4 emission by 2.30 +/- 0.49 T gCH(4)-C. All other factors including climate variability, nitrogen (N) deposition, elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), N fertilizer application, and land conversion enhanced terrestrial CH4 emissions by 19.80 +/- 12.42 T gCH(4)-C, 0.09 +/- 0.02 T gCH(4)-C, 6.80 +/- 0.86 T gCH(4)-C, 0.01 +/- 0.001 T gCH(4)-C, and 3.95 +/- 0.38 T gCH(4)-C, respectively, and interaction between/among these global change factors led to a decline of CH4 emission by 4.84 +/- 7.74 T gCH(4)-C. Climate variability and O-3 pollution suppressed, while other factors stimulated CH4 emission over the USA; climate variability significantly enhanced, while all the other factors exerted minor effects, positive or negative, on CH4 emission in Canada; Mexico functioned as a sink for atmospheric CH4 with a major contribution from climate change. Climatic variability dominated the inter-annual variations in terrestrial CH4 flux at both continental and country levels. Precipitation played an important role in the climate-induced changes in terrestrial CH4 flux at both continental and country-levels. The relative importance of each environmental factor in determining the magnitude of CH4 flux showed substantially spatial variation across North America. This factorial attribution of CH4 flux in North America might benefit policy makers who would like to curb climate warming by reducing CH4 emission. C1 [Xu, X. F.; Tian, H. Q.; Zhang, C.; Liu, M. L.; Ren, W.; Chen, G. S.; Lu, C. Q.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Ecosyst Dynam & Global Ecol EDGE Lab, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Xu, X. F.; Tian, H. Q.; Liu, M. L.; Ren, W.; Chen, G. S.; Lu, C. Q.] Auburn Univ, Int Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Bruhwiler, L.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Tian, HQ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Ecosyst Dynam & Global Ecol EDGE Lab, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM tianhan@auburn.edu RI Lu, Chaoqun/A-6497-2012; Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012; Liu, Mingliang/B-1361-2009; Xu, Xiaofeng/B-2391-2008; Ren, Wei/G-8317-2016; Ren, Wei/I-4048-2014 OI Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091; Xu, Xiaofeng/0000-0002-6553-6514; Ren, Wei/0000-0002-4840-4835 FU NASA; DOE NICCR; USDA FX This study has been supported by NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program, DOE NICCR, NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program, USDA CSREES Projects. This study contributes to the NACP Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases Synthesis led by Steven Wofsy at Harvard University. We thank Dafeng Hui from the Tennessee State University, Yao Huang from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, and Janusz Eluszkiewicz and Vivenne Payne from the Atmospheric and Environmental Research Incorporation for critical comments which greatly improved this manuscript. NR 96 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2010 VL 7 IS 11 BP 3637 EP 3655 DI 10.5194/bg-7-3637-2010 PG 19 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 687DQ UT WOS:000284756300016 ER PT J AU Gen, K Dickey, JT Luckenbach, JA Yamamoto, Y Mirochnitchenko, O Bernard, MP Moyle, WR Swanson, P AF Gen, Koichiro Dickey, Jon T. Luckenbach, J. Adam Yamamoto, Yoji Mirochnitchenko, Olga Bernard, Michael P. Moyle, William R. Swanson, Penny TI In Vivo Biological Activity of a Recombinant Salmon Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Analog in Prepubertal Male Cohn Salmon. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 2010 CL Milwaukee, WI SP Soc Study Reproduct C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2010 SU S MA 574 BP 173 EP 174 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 682DY UT WOS:000284381300529 ER PT J AU Swanson, P Dickey, JT Luckenbach, JA Bernard, MP Moyle, WR AF Swanson, Penny Dickey, Jon T. Luckenbach, J. Adam Bernard, Michael P. Moyle, William R. TI Production and Characterization of a Chimeric Recombinant Salmon Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Analog. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 2010 CL Milwaukee, WI SP Soc Study Reproduct C1 NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2010 SU S MA 579 BP 174 EP 175 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 682DY UT WOS:000284381300534 ER PT S AU Weiger, MC Aamer, K Kohn, J Becker, ML AF Weiger, Michael C. Aamer, Khaled Kohn, Joachim Becker, Matthew L. BE Kulshrestha, AS Mahapatro, A Henderson, LA TI Advancing SPRi Measurements with Novel Biosensors for Studying Surface-Biomolecule Interactions SO BIOMATERIALS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 239th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 16-20, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Chem Soc, Polymer Mat Sci & Engn ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; PLASMON RESONANCE SENSORS; HYDROXYAPATITE-BINDING PEPTIDE; PROTEIN ADSORPTION; GOLD SURFACES; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; MICROSCOPY; KINETICS; WAVES; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE) AB Through years of scientific research and development, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has become a sensitive, quantitative and rapid measurement method with abundant applications in the fields of biology and biomaterials. The present contribution provides a brief overview of SPR history, development of SPR imaging and expanding sensor platforms while also briefly reviewing their many applications. We supplement these discussions with the introduction of new biosensor platforms for SPR imaging 1) composed of the primary mineral component in bone, hydroxyapatite (HA) and 2) tyrosine-derived polycarbonates which are utilized in many biomedical applications. These biosensors are completed with microfluidic flow channels to facilitate kinetic measurements. We describe the fabrication of the multilayer sensor surfaces and also demonstrate surface plasmon generation. We also highlight the utility and potential of these sensor platforms to characterize the binding kinetics of small peptides, engineered to bind specifically to these materials in order to facilitate development of new probes and modifiers for biomaterials. C1 [Weiger, Michael C.; Aamer, Khaled] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Weiger, MC (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.weiger@nist.gov NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2567-1 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2010 VL 1054 BP 109 EP 124 PG 16 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Cell Biology; Materials Science GA BXN25 UT WOS:000296481800005 ER PT S AU Wu, JC Martin, AF Kacker, RN Hagwood, CR AF Wu, Jin Chu Martin, Alvin F. Kacker, Raghu N. Hagwood, Charles R. BE Vijaya Kumar, BVK Prabhakar, S Ross, AA TI Significance Test in Operational ROC Analysis SO BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY FOR HUMAN IDENTIFICATION VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biometric Technology for Human Identification VII CY APR 05-06, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve; Fingerprint; Biometrics; Nonparametric bootstrap; Standard error; Confidence interval; Significance test; Comparison ID CHARACTERISTIC CURVES; AREAS AB To evaluate the performance of fingerprint-image matching algorithms on large datasets, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is applied. From the operational perspective, the true accept rate (TAR) of the genuine scores at a specified false accept rate (FAR) of the impostor scores and/or the equal error rate (EER) are often employed. Using the standard errors of these metrics computed using the nonparametric two-sample bootstrap based on our studies of bootstrap variability on large fingerprint datasets, the significance test is performed to determine whether the difference between the performance of one algorithm and a hypothesized value, or the difference between the performances of two algorithms where the correlation is taken into account is statistically significant. In the case that the alternative hypothesis is accepted, the sign of the difference is employed to determine which is better than the other. Examples are provided. C1 [Wu, Jin Chu; Martin, Alvin F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Access Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Access Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jinchu.wu@nist.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8131-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7667 AR 76670I DI 10.1117/12.849529 PG 15 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Optics GA BSP46 UT WOS:000285289800017 ER PT J AU Nanda, H AF Nanda, Hirsh TI HIV-1 Matrix Binding to Model Membranes Investigated By Neutron Reflectivity: Electrostatics and Binding Orientation SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nanda, Hirsh] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 SU 1 BP 48A EP 48A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA V29QD UT WOS:000208762000252 ER PT J AU Hamill, AC Butler, P Porcar, L Garg, S AF Hamill, Andrea C. Butler, Paul Porcar, Lionel Garg, Sumit TI Protein Domain Formation in Lipid Membranes SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hamill, Andrea C.; Butler, Paul] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Porcar, Lionel] ILL, Gernoble, France. [Garg, Sumit] ANL, Argonne, IL USA. RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 SU 1 BP 59A EP 59A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA V29QD UT WOS:000208762000313 ER PT J AU Hosotani, M Carter, AR Fan, HF Li, HW Perkins, TT AF Hosotani, Martha Carter, Ashley R. Fan, Hsui-Fang Li, Hung-Wen Perkins, Thomas T. TI Conformational Dynamics of Single RecBCD Molecules SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hosotani, Martha; Carter, Ashley R.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hosotani, Martha; Carter, Ashley R.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hosotani, Martha; Carter, Ashley R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fan, Hsui-Fang; Li, Hung-Wen] Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 SU 1 BP 65A EP 65A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA V29QD UT WOS:000208762000344 ER PT J AU Peterson, AW Halter, M Tona, A Bhadriraju, K Plant, AL AF Peterson, Alexander W. Halter, Michael Tona, Alessandro Bhadriraju, Kiran Plant, Anne L. TI Microscope Objective Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging of Cell-Substrate Contacts SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Peterson, Alexander W.; Halter, Michael; Plant, Anne L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tona, Alessandro; Bhadriraju, Kiran] SAIC, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 SU 1 BP 178A EP 178A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA V29QD UT WOS:000208762001388 ER PT J AU Orloff, ND Dennis, JR Takeuchi, I Booth, JC AF Orloff, Nathan D. Dennis, Jaclyn R. Takeuchi, Ichiro Booth, James C. TI Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy of Bovine Serum Albumin and Insulin Solutions in Nanoliter Volumes SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Orloff, Nathan D.; Booth, James C.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Orloff, Nathan D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dennis, Jaclyn R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Takeuchi, Ichiro] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. OI Orloff, Nathan/0000-0001-5391-4699 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 SU 1 BP 193A EP 193A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA V29QD UT WOS:000208762001472 ER PT J AU Garg, S Porcar, L Butler, P Castro-Roman, F Perez-Salas, U AF Garg, Sumit Porcar, Lionel Butler, Paul Castro-Roman, Francisco Perez-Salas, Ursula TI In-situ Measurement of Cholesterol Transport in Model-Membrane Systems Studied by Time Resolve Small Angle Neutron Scattering and Comparison with MD Simulation SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Garg, Sumit] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Butler, Paul] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Castro-Roman, Francisco] IPN, CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07738, DF, Mexico. [Perez-Salas, Ursula] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 SU 1 BP 204A EP 204A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA V29QD UT WOS:000208762002018 ER PT J AU Sokolov, Y Lioudyno, M Dennison, PR Hall, JE Rasool, S Milton, SC Glabe, CG Shekhar, P Broccio, M Heinrich, F Losche, M AF Sokolov, Yuri Lioudyno, Maria Dennison, Philip R. Hall, James E. Rasool, Suhail Milton, Saskia C. Glabe, Charlie G. Shekhar, Prabhanshu Broccio, Matteo Heinrich, Frank Loesche, Mathias TI Dependence of Amyloid-beta Oligomer (A beta O) Interaction with Membranes on Preparation Method SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sokolov, Yuri; Lioudyno, Maria; Hall, James E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Dennison, Philip R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Rasool, Suhail; Milton, Saskia C.; Glabe, Charlie G.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Molec Biol & Biochmistry, Irvine, CA USA. [Shekhar, Prabhanshu; Broccio, Matteo; Heinrich, Frank; Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Heinrich, Frank; Loesche, Mathias] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 SU 1 BP 217A EP 217A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA V29QD UT WOS:000208762002084 ER PT J AU Sakuma, Y Imai, M Urakami, N Nagao, M Komura, S Kawakatsu, T AF Sakuma, Yuka Imai, Masayuki Urakami, Naohito Nagao, Michihiro Komura, Shigeyuki Kawakatsu, Toshihiro TI Diffusion of Nano-Meter-Sized Domains on A Vesicle SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sakuma, Yuka; Imai, Masayuki] Ochanomizu Univ, Tokyo 112, Japan. [Urakami, Naohito] Yamaguchi Univ, Yamaguchi, Japan. [Nagao, Michihiro] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN USA. [Komura, Shigeyuki] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Tokyo 158, Japan. [Kawakatsu, Toshihiro] Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 SU 1 BP 220A EP 220A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA V29QD UT WOS:000208762002097 ER PT J AU Garg, S Porcar, L Butler, P Perez-Salas, U AF Garg, Sumit Porcar, Lionel Butler, Paul Perez-Salas, Ursula TI Understanding the Behavior of Nanometer-Size Lipid Domains in Model Membranes: A Small Angle Neutron Scattering Study SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Garg, Sumit] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Butler, Paul] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Perez-Salas, Ursula] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 SU 1 BP 231A EP 231A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA V29QD UT WOS:000208762002152 ER PT J AU Kent, MS Murton, JK Satija, S Akgun, B Nanda, H Curtis, J Majewski, J Morgan, C Engen, JR AF Kent, Michael S. Murton, Jaclyn K. Satija, Sushil Akgun, Bulent Nanda, Hirsh Curtis, Joseph Majewski, Jaroslaw Morgan, Christopher Engen, John R. TI A Study of the Conformation of HIV Nef Bound to Lipid Membranes by Neutron Reflectivity SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kent, Michael S.; Murton, Jaclyn K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Satija, Sushil; Akgun, Bulent; Nanda, Hirsh; Curtis, Joseph] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Majewski, Jaroslaw] Los Alamos Natl Labs, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Morgan, Christopher; Engen, John R.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 SU 1 BP 233A EP 233A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA V29QD UT WOS:000208762002160 ER PT J AU Michelman-Ribeiro, A Mazza, D Rosales, T Stasevich, TJ Boukari, H Rishi, V Vinson, C Knutson, JR McNally, JG AF Michelman-Ribeiro, Ariel Mazza, Davide Rosales, Tilman Stasevich, Timothy J. Boukari, Hacene Rishi, Vikas Vinson, Charles Knutson, Jay R. McNally, James G. TI Measurement of Protein Binding Rates in Live Cells with FCS SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Michelman-Ribeiro, Ariel] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mazza, Davide; Rosales, Tilman; Stasevich, Timothy J.; Boukari, Hacene; Rishi, Vikas; Vinson, Charles; Knutson, Jay R.; McNally, James G.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 SU 1 BP 234A EP 234A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA V29QD UT WOS:000208762002167 ER PT J AU Miller, A Goldner, L AF Miller, Abigail Goldner, Lori TI Prion Aptamer, Free and Bound States SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Miller, Abigail; Goldner, Lori] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 SU 1 BP 266A EP 266A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA V29QD UT WOS:000208762002343 ER PT J AU Shekhar, P Heinrich, F Nanda, H Loesche, M AF Shekhar, Prabhanshu Heinrich, Frank Nanda, Hirsh Loesche, Mathias TI Solid-Supported Bilayer Lipid Membranes from Lipid Mixtures: Structure and Composition SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shekhar, Prabhanshu; Heinrich, Frank; Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Heinrich, Frank; Nanda, Hirsh; Loesche, Mathias] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 SU 1 BP 286A EP 286A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA V29QD UT WOS:000208762002447 ER PT J AU Fiore, JL Nesbitt, DJ AF Fiore, Julie L. Nesbitt, David J. TI The Role of Bulges and Hinges in RNA Folding SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 SU 1 BP 471A EP 471A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA V29QD UT WOS:000208762004364 ER PT J AU Holmstrom, ED Fiore, JL Nesbitt, D AF Holmstrom, Erik D. Fiore, Julie L. Nesbitt, David TI Single Molecule FRET Studies of RNA Tertiary Folding: Elucidating the Thermodynamic and Kinetic Role of Na plus Cations SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Holmstrom, Erik D.; Fiore, Julie L.; Nesbitt, David] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 SU 1 BP 471A EP 471A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA V29QD UT WOS:000208762004365 ER PT J AU Keer, HS Freites, JA Mihailescu, E White, SH Tobias, DJ AF Keer, Harindar S. Freites, J. Alfredo Mihailescu, Ella White, Stephen H. Tobias, Douglas J. TI Structure of a DOTAP Lipid Bilayer: A Concerted Neutron Scattering and Molecular Dynamics Study SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Keer, Harindar S.; Freites, J. Alfredo; Tobias, Douglas J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Freites, J. Alfredo; White, Stephen H.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Mihailescu, Ella] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 SU 1 BP 492A EP 492A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA V29QD UT WOS:000208762004477 ER PT J AU Jardon-Valedez, E Freites, JA Mihailescu, E Worcester, D White, SH Tobias, DJ AF Jardon-Valedez, Eduardo Freites, J. Alfredo Mihailescu, Ella Worcester, David White, Stephen H. Tobias, Douglas J. TI Neutron Scattering and MD Simulation Study of DOPC and DOPC/cholesterol Bilayers SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jardon-Valedez, Eduardo; Freites, J. Alfredo; White, Stephen H.; Tobias, Douglas J.] UCI Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Mihailescu, Ella; Worcester, David] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 SU 1 BP 493A EP 493A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA V29QD UT WOS:000208762004480 ER PT J AU Goh, HZ Broccio, M Shenoy, S Heinrich, F Mindell, JA Losche, M AF Goh, Haw-Zan Broccio, Matteo Shenoy, Sidd Heinrich, Frank Mindell, Joseph A. Loesche, Mathias TI Functional Incorporation of KcsA into Tethered Lipid Bilayer Membranes SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Goh, Haw-Zan; Broccio, Matteo; Shenoy, Sidd; Heinrich, Frank; Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Heinrich, Frank; Loesche, Mathias] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mindell, Joseph A.] NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 SU 1 BP 537A EP 537A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA V29QD UT WOS:000208762005171 ER PT J AU Chiang, MY AF Chiang, Martin Y. TI Finite Element Modeling of Cell-Matrix Adhesive Interaction SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chiang, Martin Y.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 SU 1 BP 574A EP 575A PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA V29QD UT WOS:000208762005371 ER PT J AU Shenoy, S Moldovan, R Rauhala, S Vanderah, D Loesche, M AF Shenoy, Siddharth Moldovan, Radu Rauhala, Samuel Vanderah, David Loesche, Mathias TI Lipid Diffusion in Tethered Bilayer Lipid Membranes (tBLMs) SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shenoy, Siddharth; Moldovan, Radu; Rauhala, Samuel; Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Vanderah, David] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 SU 1 BP 667A EP 667A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA V29QD UT WOS:000208762006351 ER PT J AU Williams, RW Heilweil, EJ AF Williams, Robert W. Heilweil, Edwin J. TI Low Frequency Vibrations of Biological Solids: Terahertz, FTIR, INS, Raman, DFT, and BOMD Molecular Dynamics of the L-Serine Crystal SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Williams, Robert W.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 SU 1 BP 743A EP 743A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA V29QD UT WOS:000208762007207 ER PT B AU Nosonovsky, M Bhushan, B AF Nosonovsky, Michael Bhushan, Bharat BE Fuchs, H Bhushan, B TI Lotus Effect: Roughness-Induced Superhydrophobicity SO BIOSYSTEMS INVESTIGATED BY SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONTACT ANGLES; HYDROPHOBIC SURFACES; FRICTION PROPERTIES; LEAF SURFACES; WATER; SCALE; MODEL; HYSTERESIS; DROPLETS; ADHESION C1 [Nosonovsky, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Nanomech Properties Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bhushan, Bharat] Ohio State Univ, Nanotribol Lab Informat Storage, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bhushan, Bharat] Ohio State Univ, MEMS NEMS NLIM, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Nosonovsky, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Nanomech Properties Grp, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.nosonovsky@nist.gov; bhushan.2@osu.edu; bhushan.2@osu.edu RI Bhushan, Bharat/A-9684-2013 OI Bhushan, Bharat/0000-0001-7161-6601 NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-02404-7 PY 2010 BP 741 EP 780 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-37321-6_1 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-02405-4 PG 40 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BNZ58 UT WOS:000275951800026 ER PT J AU Munroe, TA Krabbenhoft, TJ AF Munroe, Thomas A. Krabbenhoft, Trevor J. TI TWO UNUSUALLY LARGE PRE-TRANSITIONAL TONGUEFISH LARVAE (PLEURONECTIFORMES: CYNOGLOSSIDAE: SYMPHURUS) FROM OCEANIC WATERS NEAR THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY STAGES; SOLE MICROSTOMUS-PACIFICUS; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; DOVER SOLE; GLYPTOCEPHALUS-ZACHIRUS; REX SOLE; FLATFISHES; ATLANTIC; FLOUNDER; DURATION AB Two, exceptionally large (51.0 and 36.6 mm SL), pre-transitional larval tonguefishes, collected in the water column and near surface waters overlying deep oceanic waters off the Galdpagos Islands, are described and compared with larval stages and adults of eastern Pacific species of Symphurus. The larger specimen, Symphurus varius Garman, 1899, features a 1-3-3 pattern of interdigitation of proximal dorsal fin pterygiophores and neural spines (ID pattern), 12 caudal fin rays, 95 dorsal fin rays, 78 anal fin rays, 51 vertebrae, and 5 hypurals. This first known larval S. varius is also the largest known unmetamorphosed larva of the Cynoglossidae. The smaller larva is Symphurus melanurus Clark, 1936 based on its 1-5-3 ID pattern, meristic features, long protruding gut, and pigmentation. It represents the first known larva of S. melanurus and first occurrence of S. melanurus from the Galdpagos Islands region. Whether large pre-transitional larvae are typical for S. melanurus and S. varius, or merely represent individuals having undergone delayed metamorphosis, will be confirmed when additional specimens become available. Symphurus varius is known only from the Galapagos Islands and other oceanic islands in the eastern tropical Pacific, thus capture of a larval S. varius near these offshore islands is not unexpected. Large size and oceanic occurrence of the pre-transitional stage S. melanurus, an inshore species, strongly suggest an expatriated individual from coastal seas having undergone delayed metamorphosis. C1 [Munroe, Thomas A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Systemat Lab, NMFS NEFSC, NHB, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Krabbenhoft, Trevor J.] Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Munroe, TA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Systemat Lab, NMFS NEFSC, NHB, POB 37012,WC 57,MRC 153, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM munroet@si.edu NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 86 IS 1 BP 15 EP 33 PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 546IE UT WOS:000273803700002 ER PT J AU Criales, MM Robblee, MB Browder, JA Cardenas, H Jackson, TL AF Criales, Maria M. Robblee, Michael B. Browder, Joan A. Cardenas, Hernando Jackson, Thomas L. TI NEARSHORE CONCENTRATION OF PINK SHRIMP (FARFANTEPENAEUS DUORARUM) POSTLARVAE IN NORTHERN FLORIDA BAY IN RELATION TO NOCTURNAL FLOOD TIDE SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SHELF TRANSPORT; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; BLUE-CRAB; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; PENAEUS-DUORARUM; TORTUGAS GROUNDS; STREAM TRANSPORT; ABUNDANCE; SALINITY; TEMPERATURE AB We address the question of whether the low abundance of juvenile pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus duorarum (Burkenroad, 1939) in northern-central Florida Bay results from (i) limiting environmental conditions, (ii) a reduced postlarval transport, or (iii) both. To explore this question, postlarvae were collected during the new moon in both summer and fall of 2004 and 2005 at six stations located on a transect from the bay's western margin to its interior. The highest concentrations of postlarvae occurred at two mid-transect stations located in shallow channels with moderate tidal amplitudes (15-20 cm) and dense seagrass beds. At the two interior-most stations postlarval concentrations decreased together with a reduction of the tidal amplitude (approximate to 1 cm). Estimates of the cumulative flood-tide displacement with the semidiurnal M(2) constituent indicated that the tide moves a maximum of 15 km in four nights, a distance that corresponds to the location of the highest concentrations of postlarvae. The size of postlarvae also reached a maximum at the location of the highest concentrations of postlarvae. Results suggest that postlarvae move into the bay's interior by a cumulative flood tidal process, advancing onshore during successive nights as far as they can go with the tide. Analyses indicate that, in addition to the tidal amplitude, cross-shelf wind stress and salinity also affect the concentrations of postlarvae. Peaks of postlarvae occurred at times of low salinity and strong southeasterly winds. While tidal transport appears to be insufficient for postlarvae to reach Florida Bay's interior, salinity and winds may also contribute to the observed distribution patterns of early pink shrimp recruits. C1 [Criales, Maria M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Robblee, Michael B.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Water & Restorat Studies, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. [Browder, Joan A.; Jackson, Thomas L.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Cardenas, Hernando] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Criales, MM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM mcriales@rsmas.miami.edu FU NOAA FX We thank N. Smith (Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute) for his valuable comments and advice during the development of this research; N. Melo, T. Lee, and J. Martinez (University of Miami, RSMAS) for their useful comments on the hydrodynamics of Florida Bay and south Florida; D. Smith (Everglades National Park) for providing data on temperature, water level, and salinity; J. Hall, D. Hazra, J. Contillo, J. Tomolioni, A. Daniels, R. Esteve, G. Liehr, E. Buck, and other NOAA and USGS personnel for assistance with field sampling; the NOAA South Florida Ecosystem Restoration and Modeling Program and the Habitat Program at NOAA Fisheries for funding this research. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 86 IS 1 BP 53 EP 74 PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 546IE UT WOS:000273803700004 ER PT J AU Munoz, RC Burton, ML Brennan, KJ Parker, RO AF Munoz, Roldan C. Burton, Michael L. Brennan, Kenneth J. Parker, Richard O., Jr. TI REPRODUCTION, HABITAT UTILIZATION, AND MOVEMENTS OF HOGFISH (LACHNOLAIMUS MAXIMUS) IN THE FLORIDA KEYS, USA: COMPARISONS FROM FISHED VERSUS UNFISHED HABITATS SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; HOME-RANGE SIZE; HERMAPHRODITIC REEF FISH; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; SEX-CHANGING FISH; CORAL-REEF; SPAWNING AGGREGATIONS; EPINEPHELUS-GUTTATUS; RED HIND; ACTIVITY PATTERNS AB Few studies conducted within marine reserves have compared the behavior of exploited reef fishes within protected and fished areas to test the hypotheses that reproductive output, habitat utilization, and fish movements differ between management zones. We conducted 134 hrs of snorkel and scuba surveys in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary in the Western Sambos Ecological Reserve (closed to fishing) and the adjacent Middle Sambos site where fishing is permitted. At these sites we gathered detailed information on microhabitat utilization of hogfish, Lachnolaimus maximus (Walbaum, 1792), their movements, encounter rates, and reproductive behavior. Most of the data were collected with focal animal observations by snorkelers and the behavioral data geographically logged with a hand-held GPS. Multivariate analyses of microhabitats present on home ranges and utilized by hogfish indicate no overall differences between the protected vs fished site, yet at both sites male movements were more widespread than those of females. Despite an extensive survey effort within the fished site, virtually no reproductive activity was observed there, compared with 55 spawning events recorded from six different harems within the reserve. Though not significantly different, underlying trends that we observed for hogfish encounters and movements between study sites are consistent with the idea that key social processes differ between sites. These data suggest a breakdown of social structure at the fished site and highlight the role that marine reserves may play in the maintenance of reproductive output by exploited site-attached fishes with complex social and mating systems. C1 [Munoz, Roldan C.; Burton, Michael L.; Brennan, Kenneth J.; Parker, Richard O., Jr.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Munoz, RC (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM roldan.munoz@noaa.gov FU NOAA; Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary FX We thank the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary for funding this work. D. Harper gave us the protocol for working with hand-held GPS units. C. Addison, B. Degan, M. McCartney, E. Thomas, P. Whitfield, and I. Workman provided assistance in the field. S. Donahue, P. Gladding, M. Gladding, R. Kamphaus, and R. Stoker provided vessel or logistical support. J. Burke, G. Kellison, R. McBride, G. Piniak, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on the manuscript. We dedicate this paper to I. Workman, our friend and colleague who is deeply missed by all who knew him. NR 102 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 28 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 86 IS 1 BP 93 EP 116 PG 24 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 546IE UT WOS:000273803700006 ER PT J AU Xie, SC McCoy, RB Klein, SA Cederwall, RT Wiscombe, WJ Clothiaux, EE Gaustad, KL Golaz, JC Hall, SD Jensen, MP Johnson, KL Lin, YL Long, CN Mather, JH McCord, RA McFarlane, SA Palanisamy, G Shi, Y Turner, DDD AF Xie, Shaocheng McCoy, Renata B. Klein, Stephen A. Cederwall, Richard T. Wiscombe, Warren J. Clothiaux, Eugene E. Gaustad, Krista L. Golaz, Jean-Christophe Hall, Stefanie D. Jensen, Michael P. Johnson, Karen L. Lin, Yanluan Long, Charles N. Mather, James H. McCord, Raymond A. McFarlane, Sally A. Palanisamy, Giri Shi, Yan Turner, Davi D. D. TI ARM CLIMATE MODELING BEST ESTIMATE DATA A New Data Product for Climate Studies SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION; SIMULATIONS C1 [Xie, Shaocheng] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div L103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [McCord, Raymond A.; Palanisamy, Giri] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Clothiaux, Eugene E.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Long, Charles N.; Mather, James H.; McFarlane, Sally A.; Shi, Yan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Golaz, Jean-Christophe; Lin, Yanluan] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Wiscombe, Warren J.; Jensen, Michael P.; Johnson, Karen L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Turner, Davi D. D.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI USA. RP Xie, SC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div L103, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM xie2@llnl.gov RI McFarlane, Sally/C-3944-2008; Wiscombe, Warren/D-4665-2012; Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014; lin, yanluan/A-6333-2015; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016; OI Wiscombe, Warren/0000-0001-6844-9849; Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X; McCord, Raymond/0000-0002-9182-4288 NR 15 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 91 IS 1 BP 13 EP + DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2891.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 567CO UT WOS:000275420100001 ER PT J AU Cooperman, MS Markle, DF Terwilliger, M Simon, DC AF Cooperman, Michael S. Markle, Douglas F. Terwilliger, Mark Simon, David C. TI A production estimate approach to analyze habitat and weather effects on recruitment of two endangered freshwater fish SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID UPPER KLAMATH LAKE; LOST RIVER SUCKERS; SHORTNOSE SUCKERS; AMERICAN SHAD; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; OREGON; MORPHOLOGY; MORTALITY; ABUNDANCE AB Factors affecting the early life survival of fishes are often difficult to demonstrate because variable immigration and mortality rates coupled with noncontinuous sampling may confound estimates of mortality and bias inference to more numerous smaller individuals. The larval production estimate (LPE) method eliminates these problems by compensating catch data for size- or age-specific mortality and growth and back-calculating abundance at a predetermined size or age. Despite its utility, LPE has not been widely applied in studies of freshwater fish recruitment. We executed an LPE analysis using 10-14 mm and 15-19 mm size classes of Upper Klamath Lake's (UKL) endangered Lost River suckers (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris) for five cohorts per year for 1995-2001. Larval survival peaked when habitat conditions included high availability of emergent macrophytes as habitat (>15 000 m(3)), air temperatures between 14 and 22 degrees C, and a low frequency of wind speeds >16 km.h(-1). Age-0 juvenile suckers collected later in each year corroborated results of the LPE analysis, as most (88%) juveniles had otolith-estimated swim-up dates corresponding to early life rearing under the specified habitat conditions. Our results support the management practice of maintaining higher than natural UKL water surface elevations through the larval rearing period. C1 [Cooperman, Michael S.; Markle, Douglas F.; Terwilliger, Mark; Simon, David C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Cooperman, MS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Maine Field Stn, 17 Godfrey Dr,Suite 1, Orono, ME 04473 USA. EM michael.cooperman@noaa.gov FU US Bureau of Reclamation Klamath Falls FX This work is part of the long-term studies of Upper Klamath Lake suckers, supported by the US Bureau of Reclamation Klamath Falls, through an Oregon Cooperative Fisheries Research Unit agreement with the Biological Resource Division of the US Geological Survey (USGS-BRD). Specimen collections were authorized under a series of Oregon scientific taking permits through OR2003-684P, US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) scientific taking permit MARKDF as amended, and OSU Institutional Animal Care and Use permit LAR-ID 2162. We are grateful to M. Buttner (USFWS), R. Larson (USFWS), R. Shively (USGSBRD), and L. Dunsmoor (Klamath Tribe) for comments and continued interest in our work. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 67 IS 1 BP 28 EP 41 DI 10.1139/F09-165 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 542UH UT WOS:000273522300004 ER PT J AU Hurst, TP Abookire, AA Knoth, B AF Hurst, Thomas P. Abookire, Alisa A. Knoth, Brian TI Quantifying thermal effects on contemporary growth variability to predict responses to climate change in northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PLAICE PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; JUVENILE FLATFISHES; NURSERY GROUNDS; HABITAT QUALITY; ESSENTIAL FISH; BERING-SEA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE-CHANGE; DEPENDENT GROWTH AB Understanding the causes of contemporary variation in growth rates can offer insights into the likely consequences of climate change for growth and recruitment of coastal marine fishes. We examined the growth dynamics of age-0 northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) over four years in three nurseries at Kodiak Island, Alaska, USA. Following the settlement period, fish were sampled monthly (July-October) with a 3 m beam trawl at fixed-position transects. Postsettlement sizes were positively related to temperatures during the spawning and larval periods, suggesting environmental control of spawning or settlement timing. Summer growth on the nursery grounds varied significantly among sites and years (mean size 32.8-63.1 mm in mid-September), with the Holiday Beach site consistently supporting the fastest growth rates. Contrary to expectations of density dependence and thermal regulation, nursery ground growth rates were not significantly correlated with fish density or water temperatures. The minor contribution of thermal variation to growth rates appears related to the conservative growth strategy and low thermal sensitivity of northern rock sole. These results suggest that climate changes influencing spawning time and larval growth may have larger impacts on first-year growth and recruitment of this species than temperature effects on the growth of nursery-resident juveniles. C1 [Hurst, Thomas P.] NOAA NMFS, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Abookire, Alisa A.; Knoth, Brian] NOAA NMFS, Kodiak Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak Fisheries Res Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Hurst, TP (reprint author), NOAA NMFS, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM thomas.hurst@noaa.gov RI Hurst, Thomas/N-1401-2013 FU Alaska Regional Office of NMFS; North Pacific Research Board [0303] FX We thank M. Spencer, E. Munk, T. Tripp, and the other members of the Fisheries Behavioral Ecology Program and the Kodiak Lab of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center for assistance with field collections. A. Matarese assisted with fish identifications. M. Spencer also assisted with data management and created the sampling map. We thank E. Munk and P. Cummiskey for maintaining the Trident Basin temperature logger and C. Worton of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game for providing the record. Field sampling for this project was supported through the study of Essential Fish Habitat from the Alaska Regional Office of NMFS and a research grant from the North Pacific Research Board (No. 0303 to C. Ryer et al.). C. Harvey, A. Stoner, J. Duffy-Anderson, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 68 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 67 IS 1 BP 97 EP 107 DI 10.1139/F09-171 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 542UH UT WOS:000273522300009 ER PT J AU Conn, PB AF Conn, Paul B. TI Hierarchical analysis of multiple noisy abundance indices SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; CATCH; MODEL; FISH; PARAMETERS; WINBUGS AB Fisheries analysts often rely on relative abundance indices for assessing stock status. However, trends in abundance can be difficult to discern when there are multiple indices or when correlation among indices is weak or negative. In this paper, I present a hierarchical framework for analyzing multiple, noisy indices with the goal of estimating a single time series of relative abundance. An implicit assumption is that each index is measuring the same quantity (relative abundance) but that each is subject to process error (attributable to variation in catchability, spatial distribution, etc.) in addition to an estimable level of within-survey variance (i.e., sampling error). I use simulation to explore estimator performance under a number of scenarios, including several that violate underlying assumptions. In general, the hierarchical approach produced estimators with reasonable properties. I illustrate the method with an analysis of seven fishery-dependent catch-per-unit-effort indices of Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatus) off the US Atlantic coast and provide several suggestions for how this approach can be used in practice. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Conn, PB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Paul.Conn@noaa.gov NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 67 IS 1 BP 108 EP 120 DI 10.1139/F09-175 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 542UH UT WOS:000273522300010 ER PT J AU Vogel, GL Tenuta, LMA Schumacher, GE Chow, LC AF Vogel, G. L. Tenuta, L. M. A. Schumacher, G. E. Chow, L. C. TI No Calcium-Fluoride-Like Deposits Detected in Plaque Shortly after a Sodium Fluoride Mouthrinse SO CARIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Calcium; Fluoride; Fluoride binding; Plaque ID CONTAINING CHEWING GUM; PRE-RINSE; CARIES PREVENTION; SALIVARY FLUORIDE; SUCROSE CHALLENGE; DENTAL ENAMEL; PHOSPHATE; FLUID; DISSOLUTION; WATER AB Plaque 'calcium-fluoride-like' (CaF(2)-like) and fluoride deposits held by biological/bacterial calcium fluoride (Ca-F) bonds appear to be the source of cariostatic concentrations of fluoride in plaque fluid. The aim of this study was to quantify the amounts of plaque fluoride held in these reservoirs after a sodium fluoride rinse. 30 and 60 min after a 228 mu g/g fluoride rinse, plaque samples were collected from 11 volunteers. Each sample was homogenized, split into 2 aliquots (aliquots 1 and 2), centrifuged, and the recovered plaque fluid combined and analyzed using microelectrodes. The plaque mass from aliquot 1 was retained. The plaque mass from aliquot 2 was extracted several times with a solution having the same fluoride, calcium and pH as the plaque fluid in order to extract the plaque CaF(2)-like deposits. The total fluoride in both aliquots was then determined. In a second experiment, the extraction completeness was examined by applying the above procedure to in vitro precipitates containing known amounts of CaF(2)-like deposits. Nearly identical fluoride concentrations were found in both plaque aliquots. The extraction of the CaF(2)-like precipitates formed in vitro removed more than 80% of these deposits. The results suggest that either CaF(2)-like deposits were not formed in plaque or, if these deposits had been formed, they were rapidly lost. The inability to form persistent amounts of CaF(2)-like deposits in plaque may account for the relatively rapid loss of plaque fluid fluoride after the use of conventional fluoride dentifrices or rinses. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Vogel, G. L.; Schumacher, G. E.; Chow, L. C.] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tenuta, L. M. A.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Piracicaba Dent Sch, Piracicaba, Brazil. RP Vogel, GL (reprint author), NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jvogel@nist.gov RI Tenuta, Livia/D-2811-2012 OI Tenuta, Livia/0000-0003-4626-4477 FU American Dental Association Foundation; United States Public Health Service [DE16416]; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research FX This study was supported by a grant from the American Dental Association Foundation and by the United States Public Health Service Research grant No. DE16416 to the American Dental Association Foundation from the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and is part of the dental research program conducted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology in cooperation with the American Dental Association Foundation. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0008-6568 J9 CARIES RES JI Caries Res. PY 2010 VL 44 IS 2 BP 108 EP 115 DI 10.1159/000287239 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 599BK UT WOS:000277885000004 PM 20185917 ER PT J AU Chancey, RT Stutzman, P Juenger, MCG Fowler, DW AF Chancey, Ryan T. Stutzman, Paul Juenger, Maria C. G. Fowler, David W. TI Comprehensive phase characterization of crystalline and amorphous phases of a Class F fly ash SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Amorphous material; Characterization; Image analysis; Fly ash; SEM; X-ray powder diffraction AB A comprehensive approach to qualitative and quantitative characterization of crystalline and amorphous constituent phases of a largely heterogeneous Class F fly ash is presented. Traditionally, fly ash composition is expressed as bulk elemental oxide content, generally determined by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. However, such analysis does not discern between relatively inert crystalline phases and highly reactive amorphous phases of similar elemental composition. X-ray diffraction was used to identify the crystalline phases present in the fly ash, and the Rietveld quantitative phase analysis method was applied to determine the relative proportion of each of these phases. A synergistic method of X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and multispectral image analysis was developed to identify and quantify the amorphous phases present in the fly ash. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chancey, Ryan T.] Nelson Architectural Engineers, Plano, TX 75093 USA. [Stutzman, Paul] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Juenger, Maria C. G.; Fowler, David W.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Chancey, RT (reprint author), Nelson Architectural Engineers, Plano, TX 75093 USA. EM rchancey@architecturalengineers.com RI Chen, Wei/A-5694-2010 FU National Science Foundation; International Center for Aggregates Research (ICAR) FX Funding for this research was provided through a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to one of the authors (RTC) and a grant from the International Center for Aggregates Research (ICAR). The authors would like to thank Dr. Edward Garboczi, Dr. Kevin Folliard, and Dr. Yangming Sun for fruitful conversations and guidance through the research process. Thanks are also due to Mr. Chance Kutac and Ms. Julia Rager, both undergraduate research assistants at the University of Texas at Austin, for endless hours preparing samples for microanalysis. NR 33 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-8846 EI 1873-3948 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 40 IS 1 BP 146 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.08.029 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 538FC UT WOS:000273168700017 ER PT J AU Sun, DF Ma, SQ Simmons, JM Li, JR Yuan, DQ Zhou, HC AF Sun, Daofeng Ma, Shengqian Simmons, Jason M. Li, Jian-Rong Yuan, Daqiang Zhou, Hong-Cai TI An unusual case of symmetry-preserving isomerism SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; HIGH H-2 ADSORPTION; SUPRAMOLECULAR ISOMERISM; HYDROGEN STORAGE; COORDINATION POLYMERS; CATENATION ISOMERISM; SITES; CENTERS; LIGAND AB Two isomeric phases of the NbO-type structure have been discovered: PCN-16 (alpha phase) and PCN-16' (beta phase), and gas sorption studies revealed that the alpha phase possesses a larger surface area, leading to higher hydrogen and methane storage capacity as compared with the beta phase. C1 [Ma, Shengqian] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sun, Daofeng; Li, Jian-Rong; Yuan, Daqiang; Zhou, Hong-Cai] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. [Simmons, Jason M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ma, SQ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sma@anl.gov; zhou@mail.chem.tamu.edu RI Li, Jian-Rong (Jeff)/G-2781-2010; Sun, Daofeng/H-3700-2011; Ma, Shengqian/B-4022-2012; Zhou, Hong-Cai/A-3009-2011; Yuan, Daqiang/F-5695-2010; OI Sun, Daofeng/0000-0003-3184-1841; Ma, Shengqian/0000-0002-1897-7069; Zhou, Hong-Cai/0000-0002-9029-3788; Yuan, Daqiang/0000-0003-4627-072X; Zhou, Hong-Cai/0000-0003-0115-408X FU US Department of Energy [DE-FC36-07GO17033, BES DE-FG02-98ER45701]; US National Science Foundation [CHE-0449634]; Argonne National Laboratory FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy (DE-FC36-07GO17033) and the US National Science Foundation (CHE-0449634). S. Ma acknowledges the Director's Postdoctoral Fellowship from Argonne National Laboratory. J. M. Simmons also acknowledges support from DOE (BES DE-FG02-98ER45701). NR 31 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2010 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1329 EP 1331 DI 10.1039/b920995f PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 553WE UT WOS:000274396700044 PM 20449293 ER PT J AU Zhou, W AF Zhou, Wei TI Methane Storage in Porous Metal-Organic Frameworks: Current Records and Future Perspectives SO CHEMICAL RECORD LA English DT Article DE metal-organic frameworks; methane storage; physisorption; adsorption mechanism ID GAS-STORAGE; ADSORPTION; DESIGN; MOLECULES; HYDROGEN AB Porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a novel family of physisorptive materials exhibiting great potential for methane storage applications. Several MOF compounds have been reported to exhibit high methane uptake at room temperature and modest pressure, with a few even surpassing the target for material-based, adsorbed methane storage set by U.S. Department of Energy. Here we briefly review the rapid research progress in recent years on methane storage in MOFs and highlight the current record holders. We also discuss the current understanding of the methane storage mechanism in these fascinating materials and outline the future directions in this field. 2010 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 10: 200-204; 2010: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.201000004 C1 [Zhou, Wei] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zhou, W (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wzhou@nist.gov RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617 NR 26 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1527-8999 J9 CHEM REC JI Chem. Rec. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 200 EP 204 DI 10.1002/tcr.201000004 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 622JV UT WOS:000279659500004 PM 20509145 ER PT J AU Sumida, K Horike, S Kaye, SS Herm, ZR Queen, WL Brown, CM Grandjean, F Long, GJ Dailly, A Long, JR AF Sumida, Kenji Horike, Satoshi Kaye, Steven S. Herm, Zoey R. Queen, Wendy L. Brown, Craig M. Grandjean, Fernande Long, Gary J. Dailly, Anne Long, Jeffrey R. TI Hydrogen storage and carbon dioxide capture in an iron-based sodalite-type metal-organic framework (Fe-BTT) discovered via high-throughput methods SO CHEMICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; GAS-ADSORPTION; COORDINATION POLYMER; SURFACE-AREAS; GIANT PORES; H-2 BINDING; SITES; CO2; MIL-101; TEMPERATURE AB Using high-throughput instrumentation to screen conditions, the reaction between FeCl2 and H3BTT center dot 2HCl (BTT3- = 1,3,5-benzenetristetrazolate) in a mixture of DMF and DMSO was found to afford Fe-3[(Fe4Cl)(3)(BTT)(8)](2)center dot 22DMF center dot 32DMSO center dot 11H(2)O. This compound adopts a porous three-dimensional framework structure consisting of square [Fe4Cl](7+) units linked via triangular BTT3- bridging ligands to give an anionic 3,8-net. Mossbauer spectroscopy carried out on a DMF-solvated version of the material indicated the framework to contain high-spin Fe2+ with a distribution of local environments and confirmed the presence of extra-framework iron cations. Upon soaking the compound in methanol and heating at 135 degrees C for 24 h under dynamic vacuum, most of the solvent is removed to yield Fe-3[(Fe4Cl)(3)(BTT)(8)(MeOH)(4)](2) (Fe-BTT), a microporous solid with a BET surface area of 2010 m(2) g(-1) and open Fe2+ coordination sites. Hydrogen adsorption data collected at 77 K show a steep rise in the isotherm, associated with an initial isosteric heat of adsorption of 11.9 kJ mol(-1), leading to a total storage capacity of 1.1 wt% and 8.4 g L-1 at 100 bar and 298 K. Powder neutron diffraction experiments performed at 4 K under various D-2 loadings enabled identification of ten different adsorption sites, with the strongest binding site residing just 2.17(5) angstrom from the framework Fe2+ cation. Inelastic neutron scattering spectra are consistent with the strong rotational hindering of the H-2 molecules at low loadings, and further reveal the catalytic conversion of ortho-H-2 to para-H-2 by the paramagnetic iron centers. The exposed Fe2+ cation sites within Fe-BTT also lead to the selective adsorption of CO2 over N-2, with isotherms collected at 298 K indicating uptake ratios of 30.7 and 10.8 by weight at 0.1 and 1.0 bar, respectively. C1 [Sumida, Kenji; Horike, Satoshi; Kaye, Steven S.; Herm, Zoey R.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Queen, Wendy L.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Queen, Wendy L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Grandjean, Fernande] Univ Liege, Dept Phys, B-4000 Sart Tilman Par Liege, Belgium. [Long, Gary J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65406 USA. [Dailly, Anne] Gen Motors Co, Chem & Environm Sci Lab, Warren, MI 48090 USA. RP Long, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrlong@berkeley.edu RI Sumida, Kenji/E-7542-2011; EFRC, CGS/I-6680-2012; Stangl, Kristin/D-1502-2015; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Queen, Wendy/0000-0002-8375-2341; Sumida, Kenji/0000-0003-0215-5922 FU General Motors Company; US Defense Logistics Agency; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001015]; U.S. Department of Energy; Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Belgium [9.456595, 1.5.064.05] FX This research was funded by the General Motors Company, the US Defense Logistics Agency, and the Center for Gas Separations Relevant to Clean Energy Technologies, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under award number DE-SC0001015. Work at NIST was partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy within the Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence. We acknowledge Fulbright New Zealand for partial support of K.S. F.G. acknowledges support from the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Belgium (grants 9.456595 and 1.5.064.05). We also thank Dr M. T. Sougrati for assistance in obtaining some of the Mossbauer spectra, Dr T. Boussie, Dr C. Yuan, and Dr R. Rosen of Symyx Technologies for assistance with setting up the high-throughput apparatus, and Dr A. G. DiPasquale for helpful discussions. NR 64 TC 171 Z9 171 U1 10 U2 130 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2041-6520 EI 2041-6539 J9 CHEM SCI JI Chem. Sci. PY 2010 VL 1 IS 2 BP 184 EP 191 DI 10.1039/c0sc00179a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 645FJ UT WOS:000281436100005 ER PT J AU Wu, H Simmons, JM Liu, Y Brown, CM Wang, XS Ma, S Peterson, VK Southon, PD Kepert, CJ Zhou, HC Yildirim, T Zhou, W AF Wu, Hui Simmons, Jason M. Liu, Yun Brown, Craig M. Wang, Xi-Sen Ma, Shengqian Peterson, Vanessa K. Southon, Peter D. Kepert, Cameron J. Zhou, Hong-Cai Yildirim, Taner Zhou, Wei TI Metal-Organic Frameworks with Exceptionally High Methane Uptake: Where and How is Methane Stored? SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE adsorption; metal-organic frameworks; methane storage; neutron diffraction; physisorption ID GAS-STORAGE; ADSORPTION; HYDROGEN; DESIGN AB Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are a novel family of physisorptive materials that have exhibited great promise for methane storage. So far, a detailed understanding of their methane adsorption mechanism is still scarce. Herein, we report a comprehensive mechanistic study of methane storage in three milestone MOF compounds (HKUST-1, PCN-11, and PCN-14) the CH(4) storage capacities of which are among the highest reported so far among all porous materials. The three MOFs consist of the same dicopper paddlewheel secondary building units, but contain different organic linkers, leading to cagelike pores with various sizes and geometries. From neutron powder diffraction experiments and accurate data analysis, assisted by grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations and DFT calculations, we unambiguously revealed the exact locations of the stored methane molecules in these MOF materials. We found that methane uptake takes place primarily at two types of strong adsorption site: 1) the open Cu coordination sites, which exhibit enhanced Coulomb attraction toward methane, and 2) the van der Waals potential pocket sites, in which the total dispersive interactions are enhanced due to the molecule being in contact with multiple "surfaces". Interestingly, the enhanced van der Waals sites are present exclusively in small cages and at the windows to these cages, whereas large cages with relatively flat pore surfaces bind very little methane. Our results suggest that further, rational development of new MOF compounds for methane storage applications should focus on enriching open metal sites, increasing the volume percentage of accessible small cages and channels, and minimizing the fraction of large pores. C1 [Wu, Hui; Simmons, Jason M.; Liu, Yun; Brown, Craig M.; Yildirim, Taner; Zhou, Wei] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Wang, Xi-Sen; Ma, Shengqian; Zhou, Hong-Cai] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. [Peterson, Vanessa K.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Southon, Peter D.; Kepert, Cameron J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Zhou, W (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wzhou@nist.gov RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; wang, Xi-Sen/B-1102-2011; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Southon, Peter/B-9475-2013; Zhou, Hong-Cai/A-3009-2011; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Ma, Shengqian/B-4022-2012; OI Kepert, Cameron/0000-0002-6105-9706; Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Southon, Peter/0000-0001-8097-9340; Zhou, Hong-Cai/0000-0002-9029-3788; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Ma, Shengqian/0000-0002-1897-7069; Zhou, Hong-Cai/0000-0003-0115-408X FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER46522, DE-FC36-07G017033]; National Research Council; National Science Foundation [CHE-0449634] FX This work was partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through BES grant no.: DE-FG02-08ER46522 (T.Y.). J.M.S. acknowledges support from the National Research Council Postdoctoral Associate Program. The work at Texas A&M University was partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FC36-07G017033) and the National Science Foundation (CHE-0449634). NR 27 TC 133 Z9 135 U1 13 U2 140 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PY 2010 VL 16 IS 17 BP 5205 EP 5214 DI 10.1002/chem.200902719 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 598CQ UT WOS:000277810800029 PM 20358553 ER PT S AU Sun, DZ Bryan, F AF Sun, De-Zheng Bryan, Frank BE Sun, DZ Bryan, F TI Climate Dynamics: Why Does Climate Vary? Introduction SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS: WHY DOES CLIMATE VARY? SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Sun, De-Zheng] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sun, De-Zheng] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Bryan, Frank] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Sun, DZ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM dezheng.sun@noaa.gov; dezheng.sun@noaa.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-480-1 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2010 VL 189 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1029/2010GM000982 D2 10.1029/GM189 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BUS84 UT WOS:000290244800002 ER PT S AU Sun, DZ Bryan, F AF Sun, De-Zheng Bryan, Frank BE Sun, DZ Bryan, F TI Climate Dynamics: Why Does Climate Vary? PREFACE SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS: WHY DOES CLIMATE VARY? SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Sun, De-Zheng] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bryan, Frank] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sun, DZ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-480-1 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2010 VL 189 BP VII EP VIII DI 10.1029/2010GM000981 D2 10.1029/GM189 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BUS84 UT WOS:000290244800001 ER PT S AU Penland, C Sun, DZ Capotondi, A Vimont, DJ AF Penland, Cecile Sun, De-Zheng Capotondi, Antonietta Vimont, Daniel J. BE Sun, DZ Bryan, F TI A Brief Introduction to El Nino and La Nina SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS: WHY DOES CLIMATE VARY? SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; PACIFIC DECADAL VARIABILITY; DELAYED ACTION OSCILLATOR; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; UNIFIED VIEW; NINO/SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; SINGULAR VECTORS; ENSO AB In this chapter, we introduce El Nino and La Nina as deviations from the annual climate cycle in the tropical Pacific. We first orient the reader with a synopsis of the climatological average of global climate patterns of sea surface temperature, sea level pressure, surface winds, and precipitation in boreal and austral winters. Then the salient features of El Nino and La Nina are presented. Finally, we discuss evidence of how these features may have differed in the past from what is currently observed. C1 [Penland, Cecile; Sun, De-Zheng; Capotondi, Antonietta] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, PSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Vimont, Daniel J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sun, De-Zheng] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Capotondi, Antonietta] Univ Colorado, Climate Diagnost Ctr, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Penland, C (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, PSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM cecile.penland@noaa.gov NR 69 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-480-1 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2010 VL 189 BP 53 EP 64 DI 10.1029/2008GM000846 D2 10.1029/GM189 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BUS84 UT WOS:000290244800005 ER PT S AU Penland, C AF Penland, Cecile BE Sun, DZ Bryan, F TI A Linear Stochastic Model of Tropical Sea Surface Temperatures Related to El Nino SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS: WHY DOES CLIMATE VARY? SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OSCILLATION PATTERN-ANALYSIS; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; INTERANNUAL TIME SCALES; TRADE-WIND SYSTEM; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; UNIFIED VIEW; ROSSBY WAVES; DYNAMICAL MODEL AB In this chapter, we review evidence that tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs) belong to a general category of dynamical systems; specifically, tropical SSTs can be well approximated as a linear dynamical system maintained by stochastic forcing. This evidence is based on fundamental properties of stochastic systems, which we review here before considering the observed dynamical behavior of SSTs. The validity of the linear approximation is examined by means of statistical tests and is found to hold surprisingly well. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Penland, C (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, R PSD3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM cecile.penland@noaa.gov NR 80 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-480-1 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2010 VL 189 BP 65 EP 77 DI 10.1029/2008GM000814 D2 10.1029/GM189 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BUS84 UT WOS:000290244800006 ER PT S AU Sun, DZ AF Sun, De-Zheng BE Sun, DZ Bryan, F TI The Diabatic and Nonlinear Aspects of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation: Implications for Its Past and Future Behavior SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS: WHY DOES CLIMATE VARY? SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODELS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; NINO/SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL OCEAN; NORTH PACIFIC; UNITED-STATES; WARM PERIOD; COLD-TONGUE; ENSO AB This chapter reviews recent advances in understanding the diabatic and nonlinear aspects of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In particular, it reviews the research leading to the view that averaged over the decadal or longer time scales, ENSO acts as a basin-scale heat mixer in the tropical Pacific. This heat mixer regulates the long-term temperature difference between the surface water in the warm pool and the subsurface water constituting the equatorial undercurrent. When this temperature difference is externally forced to increase, the level of ENSO activity increases. Conversely, when this temperature difference is externally forced to decrease, the level of ENSO activity decreases. The time-mean effect of ENSO is to counteract the effect of external forcing on this temperature difference. This view of ENSO explains the recent trend in the level of ENSO activity in the instrumental record and sheds light on the behavior of ENSO in the past climates. The implied response in the level of ENSO activity to global warming, however, is at odds with the popular prediction by the state-of-the-art coupled climate models. Reasons for this discrepancy are explored. An inadequate sensitivity of the tropical hydrological cycle to sea surface temperature changes in the present coupled models is hypothesized as a possible factor responsible for the discrepancy. C1 [Sun, De-Zheng] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Sun, De-Zheng] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sun, DZ (reprint author), NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM dezheng.sun@noaa.gov NR 71 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-480-1 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2010 VL 189 BP 79 EP 103 DI 10.1029/2009GM000865 D2 10.1029/GM189 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BUS84 UT WOS:000290244800007 ER PT S AU Capotondi, A AF Capotondi, Antonietta BE Sun, DZ Bryan, F TI El Nino-Southern Oscillation Ocean Dynamics: Simulation by Coupled General Circulation Models SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS: WHY DOES CLIMATE VARY? SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PACIFIC INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TROPICAL PACIFIC; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE; ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM; RECHARGE PARADIGM; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; ENSO; CLIMATE AB The temporal evolution and spatial pattern of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is examined in seven state-of-the-art climate models in light of simple dynamical paradigms for ENSO. In general, the simulation of ENSO has improved in the present generation of climate models, with respect to previous generations, and the evolution of the upper ocean heat content is consistent with some of the leading dynamical paradigms. Unrealistic features of the model ENSO include the spatial structure of interannual sea surface temperature (SST) variations, as well as the time evolution of interannual variability. Standard deviations of interannual SST anomalies do not maximize close to the western coast of South America, as found in nature, and extend too far west along the equator. In most of the models included in this study, ENSO events occur more frequently and more regularly than they do in nature. The comparison of two climate models with different dominant ENSO time scales, one longer and closer to observations and the other much shorter than observed, shows that the spatial structure of the anomalous wind stress during ENSO events, in particular the meridional scale of the zonal wind stress anomalies, may play a key role in setting the ENSO time scale. C1 [Capotondi, Antonietta] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, PSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Capotondi, Antonietta] CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Capotondi, A (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, PSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Antonietta.Capotondi@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-480-1 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2010 VL 189 BP 105 EP 122 DI 10.1029/2008GM000796 D2 10.1029/GM189 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BUS84 UT WOS:000290244800008 ER PT S AU Alexander, M AF Alexander, Michael BE Sun, DZ Bryan, F TI Extratropical Air-Sea Interaction, Sea Surface Temperature Variability, and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS: WHY DOES CLIMATE VARY? SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; MIDLATITUDE SST ANOMALIES; HEAT-FLUX ANOMALIES; INTERDECADAL CLIMATE FLUCTUATIONS; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; KUROSHIO EXTENSION; EL-NINO; ROSSBY WAVES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY AB We examine processes that influence North Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies including surface heat fluxes, upper ocean mixing, thermocline variability, ocean currents, and tropical-extratropical interactions via the atmosphere and ocean. The ocean integrates rapidly varying atmospheric heat flux and wind forcing, and thus a stochastic model of the climate system, where white noise forcing produces a red spectrum, appears to provide a baseline for SST variability even on decadal time scales. However, additional processes influence Pacific climate variability including the "reemergence mechanism," where seasonal variability in mixed layer depth allows surface temperature anomalies to be stored at depth during summer and return to the surface in the following winter. Wind stress curl anomalies in the central/east Pacific drive thermocline variability that propagates to the west Pacific via baroclinic Rossby waves and influences SST by vertical mixing and the change in strength and position of the ocean gyres. Atmospheric changes associated with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) also influence North Pacific SST anomalies via the "atmospheric bridge." The dominant pattern of North Pacific SST anomalies, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), exhibits variability on interannual as well as decadal time scales. Unlike ENSO, the PDO does not appear to be a mode of the climate system, but rather it results from several different mechanisms including (1) stochastic heat flux forcing associated with random fluctuations in the Aleutian Low, (2) the atmospheric bridge augmented by the reemergence mechanism, and (3) wind-driven changes in the North Pacific gyres. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Alexander, M (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, R PSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Michael.Alexander@noaa.gov NR 166 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-480-1 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2010 VL 189 BP 123 EP 148 DI 10.1029/2008GM000794 D2 10.1029/GM189 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BUS84 UT WOS:000290244800009 ER PT J AU Baker, B Diaz, H Hargrove, W Hoffman, F AF Baker, Barry Diaz, Henry Hargrove, William Hoffman, Forrest TI Use of the Koppen-Trewartha climate classification to evaluate climatic refugia in statistically derived ecoregions for the People's Republic of China SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID TIBETAN PLATEAU; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; LIFE ZONES; MODEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; VEGETATION; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS; SCENARIOS; GROWTH AB Changes in climate as projected by state-of-the-art climate models are likely to result in novel combinations of climate and topo-edaphic factors that will have substantial impacts on the distribution and persistence of natural vegetation and animal species. We have used multivariate techniques to quantify some of these changes; the method employed was the Multivariate Spatio-Temporal Clustering (MSTC) algorithm. We used the MSTC to quantitatively define ecoregions for the People's Republic of China for historical and projected future climates. Using the Koppen-Trewartha classification system we were able to quantify some of the temperature and precipitation relationships of the ecoregions. We then tested the hypothesis that impacts to environments will be lower for ecoregions that retain their approximate geographic locations. Our results showed that climate in 2050, as projected from anthropogenic forcings using the Hadley Centre HadCM3 general circulation model, were sufficient to create novel environmental conditions even where ecoregions remained spatially stable; cluster number was found to be of paramount importance in detecting novelty. Continental-scale analyses are generally able to locate potentially static ecoregions but they may be insufficient to define the position of those reserves at a grid cell-by-grid cell basis. C1 [Baker, Barry] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Diaz, Henry] NOAA ESRL CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hargrove, William] US Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Hoffman, Forrest] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Baker, B (reprint author), Nat Conservancy Canyonlands Res Ctr, 820 Kane Creek Blvd,POB 1329, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM Barry.Baker@Colostate.edu; Henry.F.Diaz@noaa.gov; hnw@geobabble.org; forrest@climatemodeling.org RI Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012 OI Hoffman, Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134 NR 61 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 131 DI 10.1007/s10584-009-9622-2 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 532WS UT WOS:000272781700006 ER PT J AU McLeod, E Moffitt, R Timmermann, A Salm, R Menviel, L Palmer, MJ Selig, ER Casey, KS Bruno, JF AF McLeod, Elizabeth Moffitt, Russell Timmermann, Axel Salm, Rodney Menviel, Laurie Palmer, Michael J. Selig, Elizabeth R. Casey, Kenneth S. Bruno, John F. TI Warming Seas in the Coral Triangle: Coral Reef Vulnerability and Management Implications SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Coral Triangle; climate change; coral reef; marine protected area (MPA); sea surface temperature (SST); management ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BLEACHING EVENT; EL-NINO; MODELING SUSCEPTIBILITY; TEMPERATURE-VARIATION; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; FISH BIODIVERSITY AB The highest diversity coral reefs in the world, located in the Coral Triangle, are threatened by a variety of local stresses including pollution, overfishing, and destructive fishing in addition to climate change impacts, such as increasing sea surface temperatures (SSTs), and ocean acidification. As climate change impacts increase, coral reef vulnerability at the ecoregional scale will have an increasingly important influence on conservation management decisions. This project provides the first detailed assessment of past and future climatic stress, thermal variability, and anthropogenic impacts in the Coral Triangle at the ecoregional level, thus incorporating both local (e.g., pollution, development, and overfishing) and global threats (increasing SSTs). The development of marine protected area (MPA) networks across the Coral Triangle is critical for the region to address these threats. Specific management recommendations are defined for MPA networks based on the levels of vulnerability to thermal and local stress. For example, coral reef regions with potentially low vulnerability to thermal stress may be priorities for establishment of MPA networks, whereas high vulnerability regions may require selection and design principles aimed at building resilience to climate change. The identification of climate and other human threats to coral reef systems and ecoregions can help conservation practitioners prioritize management responses to address these threats and identify gaps in MPA networks or other management mechanisms (e. g., integrated coastal management). C1 [McLeod, Elizabeth; Salm, Rodney] Nature Conservancy, Asia Pacific Reg, Trop Marine Conservat, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. [Moffitt, Russell] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Moffitt, Russell] NOAA, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Timmermann, Axel; Menviel, Laurie] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Palmer, Michael J.] Nature Conservancy, Conservat Informat Management, Yellowknife, NT, Canada. [Selig, Elizabeth R.] Conservat Int, Sci & Knowledge Div, Arlington, VA USA. [Casey, Kenneth S.] NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Bruno, John F.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP McLeod, E (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, Asia Pacific Reg, Trop Marine Conservat, 923 Nuuanu Ave, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. EM emcleod@tnc.org RI Timmermann, Axel /F-4977-2011; Menviel, Laurie/D-6902-2013; Casey, Kenneth/D-4065-2013; kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011 OI Timmermann, Axel /0000-0003-0657-2969; Menviel, Laurie/0000-0002-5068-1591; Casey, Kenneth/0000-0002-6052-7117; FU National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX We are grateful to Alison Green, Eddie Game, Scott Heron, and Mark Eakin for providing useful input on an earlier version of this manuscript. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers for improving the manuscript. Financial assistance was provided by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Sector Applications Research Program (SARP). This publication is the University of Hawaii's School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST) publication #7977 and the International Pacific Research Center (IPRC) publication #712. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of NOAA. NR 106 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 14 U2 82 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PY 2010 VL 38 IS 5 BP 518 EP 539 DI 10.1080/08920753.2010.509466 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 720XA UT WOS:000287314800004 ER PT J AU Chastek, TT Wadajkar, A Nguyen, KT Hudson, SD Chastek, TQ AF Chastek, Thuy T. Wadajkar, Aniket Nguyen, KyTai T. Hudson, Steven D. Chastek, Thomas Q. TI Polyglycol-templated synthesis of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) microgels with improved biocompatibility SO COLLOID AND POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE N-isopropylacrylamide; Cytotoxicity; Temperature-sensitive nanoparticles; Pluronic; Drug delivery ID N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE MICROGELS; PLURONIC((R)) BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; DRUG-DELIVERY APPLICATIONS; POLYMERIC MICELLES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; PH; NANOPARTICLES; SURFACTANTS; FORMULATIONS; DYNAMICS AB We report on the synthesis and characterization of thermally responsive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) nanoparticle hydrogels (i.e., microgels). Microgels with narrow size distributions were synthesized after optimizing the concentrations of monomer, surfactant, and initiator. Polyglycol block copolymers (trade name Pluronic) and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) surfactants were compared. In all cases, the particles' size decreased with increasing surfactant concentration, and comparable sizes could be produced with any of the surfactants. The choice of surfactant, however, had a significant influence on the biocompatibility of the PNIPAM microgels. The copolymer-stabilized microgels were less cytotoxic than those stabilized by SDS, as measured using 3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt assays. Even after dialysis (for 3 days) to remove most surfactant, the SDS-based microgels remained more cytotoxic than particles prepared with Pluronics. After exposing cells to polyglycol surfactant solutions, it was found that the polyglycol with highest fraction of polyethylene oxide (Pluronic F127) showed the lowest level of cytotoxicity over the studied range of concentrations. Similarly, PNIPAM microgels synthesized with this surfactant had the lowest level of cytotoxicity. Finally, drug loading and release studies were performed using doxorubicin as a model drug. C1 [Chastek, Thomas Q.] Washington State Univ, Appl Sci Lab, Spokane, WA 99202 USA. [Chastek, Thuy T.; Hudson, Steven D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wadajkar, Aniket; Nguyen, KyTai T.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Bioengn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Wadajkar, Aniket; Nguyen, KyTai T.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Biomed Engn Program, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Chastek, TQ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Appl Sci Lab, 120 N Pine St, Spokane, WA 99202 USA. EM tchastek@wsu.edu FU American Heart Association Scientist Development [073520N]; NIH [HL082644, HL091232] FX TEM was performed at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Molecular and Cellular Imaging Facility. We would like to acknowledge financial support from the American Heart Association Scientist Development Award 073520N and NIH grants HL082644 and HL091232 (K.N.). Official contribution of NIST; not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0303-402X J9 COLLOID POLYM SCI JI Colloid Polym. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 288 IS 1 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1007/s00396-009-2144-7 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 538BQ UT WOS:000273159500014 ER PT J AU Schmidt, RC Kerstein, AR McDermott, R AF Schmidt, Rodney C. Kerstein, Alan R. McDermott, Randall TI ODTLES: A multi-scale model for 3D turbulent flow based on one-dimensional turbulence modeling SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Turbulence; LES; ODT; Multi-scale ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; FORMULATION AB A novel multi-scale approach for extending the one-dimensional turbulence (ODT) model of [A.R. Kerstein. One-dimensional turbulence: model formulation and application to homogeneous turbulence, shear flows, and buoyant stratified flows, J. Fluid Mech. 392 (1999) 2771 to treat turbulent flow in three-dimensional (3D) domains is described. in this model, here called ODTLES, 3D aspects of the flow are captured by embedding three, mutually orthogonal, one-dimensional ODT domain arrays within a coarser 3D mesh. The ODTLES model is obtained by developing a consistent approach for dynamically coupling the different ODT line sets to each other and to the large scale processes that are resolved on the 3D mesh. The model is implemented computationally and its performance is tested by performing simulations of decaying isotropic turbulence at two different Reynolds numbers and comparing to the experimental data of [H. Kang, S. Chester, C. Meneveau. Decaying turbulence in an active-grid-generated flow and comparisons with large-eddy simulations, J. Fluid Mech. 480 (2003) 129; G. Comte-Bellot, S. Corrsin, Simple Eulerian correlation of full-and narrow band velocity signals in grid-generated 'isotropic' turbulence, J. Fluid Mech. 48 (1971) 273]. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schmidt, Rodney C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Comp & Math Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Kerstein, Alan R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [McDermott, Randall] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schmidt, RC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Comp & Math Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rcschmi@sandia.gov NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2010 VL 199 IS 13-16 SI SI BP 865 EP 880 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2008.05.028 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 559LW UT WOS:000274827400010 ER PT S AU Wang, LY Jajodia, S Singhal, A Noel, S AF Wang, Lingyu Jajodia, Sushi Singhal, Anoop Noel, Steven BE Gritzalis, D Preneel, B Theoharidou, M TI k-Zero Day Safety: Measuring the Security Risk of Networks against Unknown Attacks SO COMPUTER SECURITY-ESORICS 2010 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security CY SEP 20-22, 2010 CL Athens, GREECE SP Vodafone SA AB The security risk of a network against unknown zero day attacks has been considered as something unmeasurable since software flaws are less predictable than hardware faults and the process of finding such flaws and developing exploits seems to be chaotic [10]. In this paper, we propose a novel security metric, k-zero clay safety, based on the number of unknown zero day vulnerabilities. That is, the metric simply counts how many unknown vulnerabilities would be required for compromising a network asset, regardless of what vulnerabilities those might be. We formally define the metric based on an abstract model of networks and attacks. We then devise algorithms for computing the metric. Finally, we show the metric can quantify many existing practices in hardening a network. C1 [Wang, Lingyu] Concordia Univ, Concordia Inst Informat Syst Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Jajodia, Sushi; Noel, Steven] George Mason Univ, Ctr Secure Informat Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Singhal, Anoop] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Wang, LY (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Concordia Inst Informat Syst Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. EM wang@ciise.concordia.ca; jajodia@gmu.edu; anoop.singhal@nist.gov; snoel@gmu.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology Computer Security Division [60NANB9D9192]; Army Research Office MURI [W911NF-09-1-0525]; National Science Foundation [CT-20013A, CT-0716567, CT-0716323, CT-0627493]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-07-1-0527, FA9550-09-1-0421, FA9550-08-1-0157]; Army Research Office DURIP [W911NF-09-01-0352]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada under Discovery Grant [N01035]; Fonds de recherche sur la nature et les technologies FX The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. This material is based upon work supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology Computer Security Division under grant 60NANB9D9192; by the Army Research Office MURI award number W911NF-09-1-0525 administeredby The Pennsylvania State University; by the National Science Foundation under the grants CT-20013A, CT-0716567, CT-0716323, and CT-0627493; by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grants FA9550-07-1-0527, FA9550-09-1-0421, and FA9550-08-1-0157; by the Army Research Office DURIP awardW911NF-09-01-0352; by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada under Discovery Grant N01035, and by Fonds de recherche sur la nature et les technologies. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsoring organizations. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-15496-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6345 BP 573 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BSZ32 UT WOS:000286151000035 ER PT S AU Scheirer, W Rocha, A Micheals, R Boult, T AF Scheirer, Walter Rocha, Anderson Micheals, Ross Boult, Terrance BE Daniilidis, K Maragos, P Paragios, N TI Robust Fusion: Extreme Value Theory for Recognition Score Normalization SO COMPUTER VISION-ECCV 2010, PT III SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th European Conference on Computer Vision CY SEP 05-11, 2010 CL Heraklion, GREECE SP Inst Natl Rech Informat & Automat, Google, Microsoft Res, Technicolor, Adobe, DynaVox Mayer-Johnson, Eur Res Consortium Informat Math, Gen Elect, IBM, Johnson Controls, Point Grey, Univ Houston, Siemens ID FACE RECOGNITION; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS AB Recognition problems in computer vision often benefit from a fusion of different algorithms and/or sensors, with score level fusion being among the most widely used fusion approaches. Choosing an appropriate score normalization technique before fusion is a fundamentally difficult problem because of the disparate nature of the underlying distributions of scores for different sources of data. Further complications are introduced when one or more fusion inputs outright fail or have adversarial inputs, which we find in the fields of biometrics and forgery detection. Ideally a score normalization should be robust to model assumptions, modeling errors, and parameter estimation errors, as well as robust to algorithm failure. In this paper, we introduce the w-score, a new technique for robust recognition score normalization. We do not assume a match or non-match distribution, but instead suggest that the top scores of a recognition system's non-match scores follow the statistical Extreme Value Theory, and show how to use that to provide consistent robust normalization with a strong statistical basis. C1 [Scheirer, Walter; Boult, Terrance] Univ Colorado, Colorado Springs & Secur Inc, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rocha, Anderson] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Comp, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Micheals, Ross] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Scheirer, W (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Colorado Springs & Secur Inc, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU ONR STTR [N00014-07-M-0421]; ONR SBIR [N00014-09-M-0448]; ONR MURI [N00014-08-1-0638]; Fapesp [2008/08681, 2008/08682, 2008/08683, 2008/08684, 2008/08685, 2008/08686, 2008/08687, 2008/08688, 2008/08689] FX This work was supported by ONR STTR N00014-07-M-0421, ONR SBIR N00014-09- M-0448, ONR MURI N00014-08-1-0638 and Fapesp Grant 2008/08681-9. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-15557-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6313 SI III BP 481 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BTD62 UT WOS:000286578500035 ER PT S AU Kromann, S AF Kromann, Sonja BE Barr, D TI FROM PRINT TO ELECTRONIC JOURNALS AND COORDINATED INSTITUTIONAL RETENTION OF PRINT SO CONFLUENCE OF IDEAS: EVOLVING TO MEET THE CHALLENGES OF GLOBAL CHANGE SE International Association of Aquatic and Marine Science Libraries and Information Centers Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IAMSLIC Annual Conference/13th Biennial EURASLIC Conference CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 2009 CL Brugge, BELGIUM DE Journals management (Libraries); Serials management (Libraries); Journals (Periodicals); Electronic journals AB As libraries migrate from print to electronic journal subscriptions, there should be some attention given to assessing print collections to determine availability and to establish retention and archiving needs. The NOAA Fisheries Library Consortium and NOAA Central Library have discussed archiving of print journals, and both groups have agreed that there should be a coordinated plan to address this issue. In order to move forward with this idea, I agreed to review the literature and compile points of consideration for the NFLC to review as a first step towards formulating a plan. The results of that review are presented. C1 [Kromann, Sonja] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 99115 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MARINE SCIENCE LIBRARIES & INFORMATION CENTER PI FORT PIERCE PA C/O HBOI LIBRARY, 5600 OLD DIXIE HWY, FORT PIERCE, FL 34946 USA SN 8755-6332 J9 IAMSLIC C S PY 2010 BP 93 EP 96 PG 4 WC Environmental Studies; Information Science & Library Science; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Information Science & Library Science; Oceanography GA BTT93 UT WOS:000288045100014 ER PT B AU Lundqvist, H Leonardsson, K Carlsson, U Larsson, S Nilsson, J Ostergren, J Karlsson, L Rivinoja, P Serrano, I Palm, D Ferguson, J AF Lundqvist, Hans Leonardsson, Kjell Carlsson, Ulf Larsson, Stefan Nilsson, Jan Ostergren, Johan Karlsson, Lars Rivinoja, Peter Serrano, Ignacio Palm, Daniel Ferguson, John BE Hurford, C Schneider, M Cowx, I TI Monitoring Juvenile Atlantic Salmon and Sea Trout in the River Savaran, Northern Sweden SO CONSERVATION MONITORING IN FRESHWATER HABITATS: A PRACTICAL GUIDE AND CASE STUDIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POSTGLACIAL COLONIZATION; SALAR; AREA C1 [Lundqvist, Hans; Leonardsson, Kjell; Nilsson, Jan; Ostergren, Johan; Rivinoja, Peter; Palm, Daniel; Ferguson, John] SLU, Dept Wildlife Fish & Environm Sci, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Carlsson, Ulf] Cty Adm Board Vasterbotten, SE-90186 Umea, Sweden. [Karlsson, Lars] Natl Board Fisheries, SE-81494 Alvkarleby, Sweden. [Leonardsson, Kjell; Larsson, Stefan; Serrano, Ignacio] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Ferguson, John] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Lundqvist, H (reprint author), SLU, Dept Wildlife Fish & Environm Sci, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden. EM hans.lundqvist@vfm.slu.se NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4020-9277-0 PY 2010 BP 207 EP 218 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9278-7_20 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-9278-7 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BNP39 UT WOS:000275173200020 ER PT J AU Stewart, MD Koutroulakis, G Kalechofsky, N Mitrovic, VF AF Stewart, M. D., Jr. Koutroulakis, G. Kalechofsky, N. Mitrovic, V. F. TI A reusable, low-profile, cryogenic wire seal SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE Cryogenic vacuum seal; Indium; Reusable AB We describe the design of a reusable indium wire seal which has a small profile and is leak tight to better than 1 x 10(-10) std. cc/s from room temperature down to approximate to 50 mK. The pressure necessary to deform the indium wire o-ring is provided by a screw-cap mating to threads on the outside of the cylindrical volume to be sealed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stewart, M. D., Jr.; Koutroulakis, G.; Mitrovic, V. F.] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Stewart, MD (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mdstewartjr@gmail.com FU Millikelvin Technologies through NIH SBIR [1R43HL095235-01] FX The authors wish to thank Charlie Vickers and Mike Packer for machining the seal components in the JEPIS facility at Brown University. We would also like to acknowledge helpful conversations with James Valles and George Seidel. This work was supported by Millikelvin Technologies through NIH SBIR #1R43HL095235-01. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD JAN PY 2010 VL 50 IS 1 BP 50 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2009.09.009 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 548CC UT WOS:000273935500008 PM 20161550 ER PT B AU Schneck-Teplinsky, M AF Schneck-Teplinsky, Melanie BE Ghosh, S Turrini, E TI Critical Infrastructure Protection Policy in the US SO CYBERCRIMES: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Schneck-Teplinsky, Melanie] Steptoe & Johnson LLP, Washington, DC USA. [Schneck-Teplinsky, Melanie] Off Sci & Technol Policy, Washington, DC USA. [Schneck-Teplinsky, Melanie] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Comp Secur Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Schneck-Teplinsky, M (reprint author), Steptoe & Johnson LLP, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-13546-0 PY 2010 BP 199 EP 201 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-13547-7_11 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-13547-7 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Criminology & Penology; Law SC Computer Science; Criminology & Penology; Government & Law GA BRQ02 UT WOS:000283392100011 ER PT B AU Baker, S Schneck-Teplinsky, M AF Baker, Stewart Schneck-Teplinsky, Melanie BE Ghosh, S Turrini, E TI Spurring the Private Sector: Indirect Federal Regulation of Cybersecurity in the US SO CYBERCRIMES: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Baker, Stewart; Schneck-Teplinsky, Melanie] Steptoe & Johnson LLP, Washington, DC USA. [Schneck-Teplinsky, Melanie] Off Sci & Technol Policy, Washington, DC USA. [Schneck-Teplinsky, Melanie] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Comp Secur Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Baker, S (reprint author), Steptoe & Johnson LLP, Washington, DC USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-13546-0 PY 2010 BP 239 EP 263 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-13547-7_15 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-13547-7 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Criminology & Penology; Law SC Computer Science; Criminology & Penology; Government & Law GA BRQ02 UT WOS:000283392100015 ER PT J AU Weck, PF Kim, E Poineau, F Rodriguez, EE Sattelberger, AP Czerwinski, KR AF Weck, Philippe F. Kim, Eunja Poineau, Frederic Rodriguez, Efrain E. Sattelberger, Alfred P. Czerwinski, Kenneth R. TI Structural and electronic trends in rare-earth technetate pyrochlores SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID BRILLOUIN-ZONE INTEGRATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; RADIATION TOLERANCE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; OXIDES; SOLIDS; CONDUCTIVITY; PLUTONIUM; MOLECULES; ENERGY AB We report the structures and electronic properties of nine novel rare earth technetate pyrochlores with ideal stoichiometry Ln(2)Tc(2)O(7) (Ln = Ce-Pm, Gd, Tb, Ho, Tm, Lu) predicted within the framework of gradient-corrected density functional theory. The computed structures of Er(2)Tc(2)O(7), Dy(2)Tc(2)O(7), and Sm(2)Tc(2)O(7) also closely match available X-ray diffraction data. C1 [Weck, Philippe F.; Poineau, Frederic; Czerwinski, Kenneth R.] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Weck, Philippe F.; Poineau, Frederic; Czerwinski, Kenneth R.] Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Kim, Eunja] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys & Astron, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Rodriguez, Efrain E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Engn & Syst Anal Directorate, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Weck, PF (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM weckp@unlv.nevada.edu RI Rodriguez, Efrain/N-1928-2013; OI Rodriguez, Efrain/0000-0001-6044-1543; , Philippe/0000-0002-7610-2893 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy [DE-FG07-01AL67358]; US Department of Energy [0089445, DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX This project was funded under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FG07-01AL67358. Funding for this research was also provided by a subcontract through Battelle 0089445 from the US Department of Energy, Agreement No. DE-AC07-05ID14517. We thank Christopher R. Stanek, Kurt E. Sickafus (LANL), and Thomas Hartmann (UNLV) for fruitful discussions. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2010 VL 39 IS 31 BP 7207 EP 7210 DI 10.1039/c0dt00212g PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 633SY UT WOS:000280527300002 PM 20571708 ER PT S AU Hwang, J Xie, T Hu, V Altunay, M AF Hwang, JeeHyun Xie, Tao Hu, Vincent Altunay, Mine BE Foresti, S Jajodia, S TI Mining Likely Properties of Access Control Policies via Association Rule Mining SO DATA AND APPLICATIONS SECURITY AND PRIVACY XXIV, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual Conference on Data and Applications Security and Privacy CY JUN 21-23, 2010 CL Rome, ITALY SP IFIP WG 11.3 AB Access control mechanisms are used to control which principals (such as users or processes) have access to which resources based on access control policies. To ensure the correctness of access control policies, policy authors conduct policy verification to check whether certain properties are satisfied by a policy. However, these properties are often not written in practice. To facilitate property verification, we present an approach that automatically mines likely properties from a policy via the technique of association rule mining. In our approach, mined likely properties may not be true for all the policy behaviors but are true for most of the policy behaviors. The policy behaviors that do not satisfy likely properties could be faulty. Therefore, our approach then conducts likely-property verification to produce counterexamples, which are used to help policy authors identify faulty rules in the policy. To show the effectiveness of our approach, we conduct evaluation on bur XACML Our evaluation results show that our approach achieves more than 30% higher fault-detection capability than that of an existing approach. Our approach includes additional techniques such as basic and prioritization techniques that help reduce a significant percentage of counterexamples for inspection compared to the existing approach. C1 [Hwang, JeeHyun; Xie, Tao] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hu, Vincent] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Altunay, Mine] Fermi Nat Lab, Comp Div, Batavia, IL USA. RP Hwang, J (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jhwang4@ncsu.edu; xie@csc.ncsu.edu; vincent.hu@nist.gov; maltunay@fnal.gov FU NSF [CNS-0716579]; NIST FX This work is supported in part by NSF grant CNS-0716579 and a NIST contract. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-13738-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6166 BP 193 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQA66 UT WOS:000280516900013 ER PT S AU Chandramouli, R AF Chandramouli, Ramaswamy BE Foresti, S Jajodia, S TI Authentication Assurance Level Taxonomies for Smart Identity Token Deployments - A New Approach SO DATA AND APPLICATIONS SECURITY AND PRIVACY XXIV, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual Conference on Data and Applications Security and Privacy CY JUN 21-23, 2010 CL Rome, ITALY SP IFIP WG 11.3 AB Authentication assurance level taxonomies that have been specified in many real-world smart identity token deployments do not fully reflect all the security properties associated with their underlying authentication mechanisms. In this paper we describe the development and application of a new methodology called SID-AAM (where the abbreviation stands for Smart Identity Token - Authentication Assurance Level Methodology) that identifies a new set of authentication factors appropriate for this technology, identifies all the security properties that need to be verified based on bindings between various entities involved in the authentication processes and then derives an authentication assurance level taxonomy based on the set of security properties verified in the various authentication modes specified in the deployment. The advantages of SID-AAM methodology compared to current approaches for determining authentication assurance levels for smart identity token deployments are highlighted. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chandramouli, R (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mouli@nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-13738-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6166 BP 343 EP 349 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQA66 UT WOS:000280516900026 ER PT B AU Masutani, M Schlatter, TW Errico, RM Stoffelen, A Andersson, E Lahoz, W Woollen, JS Emmitt, GD Riishojgaard, LP Lord, SJ AF Masutani, Michiko Schlatter, Thomas W. Errico, Ronald M. Stoffelen, Ad Andersson, Erik Lahoz, William Woollen, John S. Emmitt, G. David Riishojgaard, Lars-Peter Lord, Stephen J. BE Lahoz, W Khattatov, B Menard, R TI Observing System Simulation Experiments SO DATA ASSIMILATION: MAKING SENSE OF OBSERVATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DOPPLER WIND LIDAR; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; DATA ASSIMILATION; IMPACT ASSESSMENT; ADJOINT; FUTURE; MISSION C1 [Masutani, Michiko; Woollen, John S.; Lord, Stephen J.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, EMC, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Masutani, Michiko] Wyle Informat Syst, El Segundo, CA USA. [Schlatter, Thomas W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Errico, Ronald M.; Riishojgaard, Lars-Peter] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Errico, Ronald M.; Riishojgaard, Lars-Peter] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Stoffelen, Ad] Royal Dutch Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Andersson, Erik] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. [Lahoz, William] NILU, Norwegian Inst Air Res, Norsk Inst Luftforskning, Kjeller, Norway. [Woollen, John S.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Emmitt, G. David] SWA, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Riishojgaard, Lars-Peter] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Masutani, M (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, EMC, Camp Springs, MD USA. EM Michiko.Masutani@noaa.gov; Tom.Schlatter@noaa.gov; Ronald.M.Errico@nasa.gov; Ad.Stoffelen@knmi.nl; erik.andersson@ecmwf.int; wal@nilu.no; Jack.Woollen@noaa.gov; gde@swa.com; Lars.P.Riishojgaard@nasa.gov; Stephen.Lord@noaa.gov; wal@nilu.no OI Stoffelen, Ad/0000-0002-4018-4073 NR 58 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-74702-4 PY 2010 BP 647 EP 679 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-74703-1_24 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-74703-1 PG 33 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BQU45 UT WOS:000281867600024 ER PT J AU Stock, C Dunne, J AF Stock, Charles Dunne, John TI Controls on the ratio of mesozooplankton production to primary production in marine ecosystems SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Zooplankton; Ecosystem modeling; Energy flow; Food webs; Trophic levels; Secondary production ID ATLANTIC TIME-SERIES; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ZOOPLANKTON BIOMASS; FISH PRODUCTION; ARABIAN SEA; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; PLANKTONIC COPEPODS; TROPICAL PACIFIC AB An ecosystem model was used to (1) determine the extent to which global trends in the ratio of mesozooplankton production to primary production (referred to herein as the "z-ratio") can be explained by nutrient enrichment, temperature, and euphotic zone depth, and (2) quantitatively diagnose the mechanisms driving these trends. Equilibrium model solutions were calibrated to observed and empirically derived patterns in phytoplankton biomass and growth rates, mesozooplankton biomass and growth rates, and the fraction of phytoplankton that are large ( > 5 mu m ESD). This constrained several otherwise highly uncertain model parameters. Most notably, half-saturation constants for zooplankton feeding were constrained by the biomass and growth rates of their prey populations, and low zooplankton basal metabolic rates were required to match observations from oligotrophic ecosystems. Calibrated model solutions had no major biases and produced median z-ratios and ranges consistent with estimates. However, much of the variability around the median values in the calibration dataset (72 points) could not be explained. Model results were then compared with an extended global compilation of z-ratio estimates ( > 10 000 points). This revealed a modest yet significant (r=0.40) increasing trend in z-ratios from values similar to 0.01-0.04 to similar to 0.1-0.2 with increasing primary productivity, with the transition from low to high z-ratios occurring at lower primary productivity in cold-water ecosystems. Two mechanisms, both linked to increasing phytoplankton biomass, were responsible: (1) zooplankton gross growth efficiencies increased as their ingestion rates became much greater than basal metabolic rates and (2) the trophic distance between primary producers and mesozooplankton shortened as primary production shifted toward large phytoplankton. Mechanism (1) was most important during the transition from low to moderate productivity ecosystems and mechanism (2) was responsible for a relatively abrupt transition to values > 0.1 in high productivity ecosystems. Substantial z-ratio variations overlying these mean trends remained unexplained by these mechanisms. Potential sources of this variability include zooplankton patchiness, unresolved effects of advection and unsteady dynamics, unresolved shifts in mesozooplankton sizes and species, and unresolved aspects of zooplankton bioenergetics. Comparison of the modeled z-ratio patterns and mechanisms diagnosed herein with those obtained using models with expanded biological dynamics embedded in global circulation models will help further elucidate the causes of this variation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stock, Charles; Dunne, John] Princeton Univ, NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Stock, C (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Charles.Stock@noaa.gov; John.Dunne@noaa.gov RI Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Stock, Charles/H-1281-2012; OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013 FU NOAA's Cooperative Institute for Climate Studies at Princeton University FX The authors would like to thank Todd O'Brien for his efforts to compile the global COPEPOD database and make it available to the scientific community, John D'Errico for supplying bounded "fminsearch" routine used in this study, and Anand Gnanadesikan, Rubao Ji, Jorge Sarmiento, Ryan Rykaczewski, and Marian Westley for their helpful comments on early drafts of this paper and during the revisions, and two anonymous reviewers, whose comments helped to improve this work. Partial funding for this work was provided by NOAA's Cooperative Institute for Climate Studies at Princeton University. NR 98 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 57 IS 1 BP 95 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2009.10.006 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 553OM UT WOS:000274376700008 ER PT J AU Norcross, BL Holladay, BA Busby, MS Mier, KL AF Norcross, Brenda L. Holladay, Brenda A. Busby, Morgan S. Mier, Kathryn L. TI Demersal and larval fish assemblages in the Chukchi Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Chukchi Sea; Demersal fish; Fish assemblage; Fish larvae; Ichthyoplankton; Water mass ID ICHTHYOPLANKTON ASSEMBLAGES; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; WATER MASSES; BERING-SEA; SHELF; ALASKA; COMMUNITY; CIRCULATION; AREAS; FAUNA AB A multidisciplinary research cruise was conducted in the Chukchi Sea in summer 2004 during which we investigated assemblages of small demersal fishes and ichthyoplankton and the water masses associated with these assemblages. This study establishes a baseline of 30 demersal fish and 25 ichthyoplankton taxa in US and Russian waters of the Chukchi Sea. Presence/absence of small demersal fish clustered into four assemblages: Coastal Fishes, Western Chukchi Fishes, South Central Chukchi Fishes, and North Central Chukchi Fishes. Habitats occupied by small demersal fishes were characterized by sediment type, bottom salinity, and bottom temperature. Abundance of ichthyoplankton grouped into three assemblages with geographical extent similar to that of the bottom assemblages, except that there was a single assemblage for Central Chukchi Fishes. Water-column temperature and salinity characterized ichthyoplankton habitats. Three water masses, Alaska Coastal Water, Bering Sea Water, and Winter Water, were identified from both bottom and depth-averaged water-column temperature and salinity. A fourth water mass, Resident Chukchi Water, was identified only in the bottom water. The water mass and habitat characteristics with which demersal and larval fish assemblages were associated create a baseline to measure anticipated effects of climate change that are expected to be most severe at high latitudes. Monitoring fish assemblages could be a tool for assessing the effects of climate change. Climate-induced changes in distributions of species would result in a restructuring of fish assemblages in the Chukchi Sea. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Norcross, Brenda L.; Holladay, Brenda A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Busby, Morgan S.; Mier, Kathryn L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Norcross, BL (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, POB 757220, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM norcross@ims.uaf.edu FU Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research (CIFAR) [10-070]; University of Alaska [NA17RJ1224]; AFSC; UAF/SFOS FX The authors thank K. Crane and J. Calder (Arctic Region Office/NOAA) for developing the oceanographic research program with the Russian Federation under which this research was conducted, i.e. the Russian American Long-term Census of the Arctic (RUSALCA). Many scientists and crew members aboard R/V Professor Khromov contributed generously of their time and efforts, and their assistance with sample collections and processing are greatly appreciated. We are grateful especially to R.S. Pickart and M. Swartz (WHOI) and T.J. Weingartner (UAF) for CTD data and water mass interpretations, J.M. Grebmeier (Univ. Maryland) for sediment data, and C.W. Mecklenburg (Point Stephens Research) for help with identifications at sea and in the laboratory. R. Cartwright (AFSC) helped with larval fish identification and K. McKinney (AFSC) assisted with graphics. J. Napp and A. Matarese (AFSC), R. Brewer, R. Federer, C. Gleason, K. Miller, L. South and T. Spurkland (UAF) and three anonymous reviewers improved the quality of this manuscript. This study contributes to the Arctic Ocean Diversity Census of Marine Life project. This publication results from research sponsored by the Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research (CIFAR project 10-070) with funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under cooperative agreement NA17RJ1224 with the University of Alaska. Additional support for salaries was provided by the AFSC and UAF/SFOS. NR 41 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 57 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.08.006 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 566FF UT WOS:000275354800006 ER PT J AU Moore, SE Stafford, KM Munger, LM AF Moore, Sue E. Stafford, Kathleen M. Munger, Lisa M. TI Acoustic and visual surveys for bowhead whales in the western Beaufort and far northeastern Chukchi seas SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bowhead whale; Bioacoustics; Chukchi Sea; Beaufort Sea ID BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; ARCTIC-OCEAN; ALASKA; SOUNDS; BARROW; ABUNDANCE; BASIN AB Two types of passive-acoustic survey were conducted to investigate the seasonal occurrence of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) in the western Beaufort and far northeastern Chukchi seas: (1) an over-winter (2003-04) Survey using autonomous recorders deployed northeast of Barrow, Alaska, and (2) a summertime dipping-hydrophone survey along the 2005 NOAA Ocean Exploration (CE) cruise track northwest of Barrow. The longest continuous sampling period from the over-winter survey was 3 October 2003 to 12 May 2004. During that period, bowhead whale calls were recorded from 3 to 23 October, intermittently on 6-7 and 22-23 November, then not again until 25 March 2004. Bowhead calls were recorded almost every hour from 19 April to 12 May 2004, with a call rate peak on 30 April (ca. 9400 calls) and a few instances of patterned calling (or, "song") detected in early May. Bowhead whale calls were never detected during the NOAA OE cruise, but calls of beluga whales (Delphinaptenis leucas) were recorded at 3 of 16 acoustic stations. Opportunistic visual surveys for marine mammals were also conducted during the NOAA CE cruise from the ship (65 h) and helicopter (7.8 h), resulting in single sightings of bowhead whales (3-5 whales), beluga (16-20 whales), walrus (1), polar bear (2 = sow/cub), and 17 sightings of 87 ringed seals from the ship and 15 sightings of 67 ringed seals from the helicopter. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Moore, Sue E.] NOAA, Fisheries S&T, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Stafford, Kathleen M.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Munger, Lisa M.] UCSD, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92037 USA. RP Moore, SE (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries S&T, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM moore@apl.washington.edu FU NSF-SBI; NOAA FX The acoustic surveys could not have been completed without the encouragement and support of representatives of the NSF-SBI and the NOAA OE programs. Specifically, the authors thank Jackie Grebmeier (University of Maryland), Robert Pickart (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) and Jeremy Potter (NOAA/OE). Rebecca Woodgate (APL-University of Washington) and Rolf Gradinger (University of Alaska) were Cruise Leaders during the SBI recorder deployment and NOAA OE survey cruises, respectively, and we thank both for their support of the acoustics program. Kim Shelden (NOAA/NMML) assisted with mapping. On both cruises, the men and women who serve on the USCGC Healy provided exemplary support and camaraderie. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 57 IS 1-2 BP 153 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.08.013 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 566FF UT WOS:000275354800013 ER PT J AU Quinn, JB Sundar, V Parry, EE Quinn, GD AF Quinn, Janet B. Sundar, Veeraraghavan Parry, Edward E. Quinn, George D. TI Comparison of edge chipping resistance of PFM and veneered zirconia specimens SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Veneers; Chipping; Edge chipping; Hardness; PFM; ISE; Zirconia ID FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES; DENTAL CERAMICS; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; LAYER STRUCTURES; STRENGTH; COMPOSITES; CRACKING; HARDNESS; GLASSES; FAILURE AB Objectives. To investigate the chipping resistance of veneered zirconia specimens and compare it to the chipping resistance of porcelain fused to metal (PFM) specimens. Methods. Veneered zirconia and PFM bar specimens were prepared in clinically relevant thicknesses. The specimen edges were chipped with different magnitude forces, producing chips of various sizes. The range of sizes included small chips that did not penetrate all the way through the veneers to the substrates, and also chips that were very large and reached the zirconia or metal substrates. The relationship between force magnitude and chip size (edge distance) was graphed. The resulting curves were compared for the veneered zirconia and PFM specimens. Knoop hardness vs. force graphs for the veneers and substrates were also obtained. Results. The zirconia and PFM veneer chipping data followed a power law (coefficient of determination, R-2 > 0.93) as expected from the literature. The curves overlapped within the combined data scatter, indicating similar resistance to chipping. The chips made in both types of specimens detached and did not penetrate into the substrate when they reached the veneer/substrate intersections. The hardness-load curves for the veneers and substrates all exhibited an indentation size effect (ISE) at low loads. The Knoop hardness values with uncertainties of +/- one standard deviation at 4N loads for the metal, zirconia, and the metal and zirconia veneers are: (2.02 +/- 0.08, 12.01 +/- 0.39, 4.24 +/- 0.16 and 4.36 +/- 0.02 GPa), respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the veneers (Tukey pairwise comparison at 0.95 family confidence). Significance. This work indicates that a similar resistance to chipping might be expected for veneered zirconia and PFM restorations, in spite of the large difference in substrate hardness. Differences in susceptibility to chip spalling were not detected, but the chips in both specimen types detached off the sides in a similar manner instead of extending into the substrates. (C) 2009 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Quinn, Janet B.; Parry, Edward E.; Quinn, George D.] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sundar, Veeraraghavan] Dentsply Ceramco, York, PA USA. RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.quinn@nist.gov FU National Institute for Standards and Technology, American Dental Association Foundation; National Institute of Health [NIH R01-DE17983] FX This work was supported by National Institute for Standards and Technology, American Dental Association Foundation and National Institute of Health with grant NIH R01-DE17983. NR 43 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 EI 1879-0097 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2009.08.005 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 546AM UT WOS:000273779400003 PM 19748115 ER PT B AU Balijepalli, A LeBrun, TW Gorman, JJ Gupta, SK AF Balijepalli, Arvind LeBrun, Thomas W. Gorman, Jason J. Gupta, Satyandra K. GP ASME TI EVALUATION OF A TRAPPING POTENTIAL MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE FOR OPTICAL TWEEZERS USING SIMULATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS SO DETC2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES/COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Computers & Info Engn Div ID FORCE; BEAM; CALIBRATION; MOLECULE; SPHERE; TRAPS AB A technique to measure the trapping force in an optical tweezers, without making any prior assumptions about the trap shape, has been extended to two-dimensions. The response of a trapped micro or nanoparticle to a step input is measured and then used to calculate the trapping force experienced by the particle as a function of its position in the trap. Langevin dynamics simulations have been implemented to evaluate the performance of this measurement method in two-dimensions and to evaluate whether the particle's motion away from the measurement plane due to diffusion gives rise to an error in the trapping force measurement. Preliminary experimental results are also presented to demonstrate this method in the laboratory. This force measurement method provides insight into the trapping behavior of micro and nanoparticles in an optical trap beyond the region, close to the trap center, where the trapping force is assumed to vary linearly with the particle's displacement. The measured trapping forces, from simulations and laboratory experiments, are then integrated to recover the shape of the optical trapping potential. C1 [Balijepalli, Arvind; LeBrun, Thomas W.; Gorman, Jason J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Balijepalli, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM arvind@nist.gov; lebrun@nist.gov; skgupta@umd.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4903-3 PY 2010 BP 695 EP 705 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRO61 UT WOS:000283272400084 ER PT S AU Ling, A Pearlman, A Goldschmidt, E Fan, JY Migdall, A AF Ling, Alexander Pearlman, Aaron Goldschmidt, Elizabeth Fan, Jingyun Migdall, Alan BE Dereniak, EL Hartke, JP LeVan, PD Longshore, RE Sood, AK Razeghi, M Sudharsanam, R TI Enhancing contrast of point images using coherent states and photon-number-resolving detectors SO DETECTORS AND IMAGING DEVICES: INFRARED, FOCAL PLANE, SINGLE PHOTON SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detectors and Imaging Devices - Infrared, Focal Plane, Single Photon CY AUG 04-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Quantum optics; Photon statistics; Photon counting AB We map the transverse profile of light beams using photon-number-resolving detectors, and observe compression of beam profiles for higher detected photon-number. This compression is exploited to enable contrast enhancement between two point images separated at the Rayleigh limit. This enhancement exists for all separations up until the classical Sparrow limit. C1 [Ling, Alexander] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ling, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Pearlman, Aaron/L-8912-2013 OI Pearlman, Aaron/0000-0002-4498-2208 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8276-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7780 AR 77801R DI 10.1117/12.864467 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BTS05 UT WOS:000287928300044 ER PT S AU Soles, CL Wang, H Composto, RJ AF Soles, C. L. Wang, H. Composto, R. J. BE Misra, D Chen, Z Iwai, H Bauza, D Chikyow, T Obeng, Y TI The Chemical Composition of Low Dielectric Constant Films from Ion Beam Scattering Methodologies SO DIELECTRICS FOR NANOSYSTEMS 4: MATERIALS SCIENCE, PROCESSING, RELIABILITY, AND MANUFACTURING SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Dielectrics for Nanosystems - Materials Science, Processing, Reliability and Manufacturing CY APR 26-28, 2010 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, IEEE Electron Device Soc ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; THIN-FILMS; PORE-SIZE; 170.5-DEGREES BACKSCATTERING; CROSS-SECTIONS; HE-4 ENERGIES; HYDROGEN; POROSIMETRY; PROFILE AB A suite of ion beam scattering methodologies is described for determining the atomic composition of the thin films commonly used as interlayer dielectric barriers (low-k) in next generation integrated circuits. These Si based films typically also contain light elements, such as 0, C, and H, that are not easily detected with traditional elastic Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and nuclear resonance enhanced RBS measurements when the thin film is supported on a substrate that also contain heavy elements like Si. To circumvent this difficulty, 2 MeV forward scattering (FS) spectrometry is used to enhance the light element sensitivity by separating their characteristic energies from those of the Si substrate and increasing their relative scattering cross-section. This allows an accurate determination the Si :0:C ratio. The absolute H abundance is determined from forward recoil spectrometry (FRES) on both the unknown low-k film and polystyrene (PS) reference film of known H content (defined by the stoichiometry and film thickness). The complete stoichiometry and atomic density of the low-k film are fit from either the RBS or grazing angle backscattering (GB S) spectrum using constraints implied by the absolute aerial H density and the Si:O:C ratio. C1 [Soles, C. L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, H.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Mech Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Composto, R. J.] Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Res Struct Matter Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Soles, CL (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NSF/MRSEC program [DMR00-79909]; NSF DMR Polymer Program [DMR-0234903] FX The authors are indebted to Dr. Doug Yates at the University of Pennsylvania LSRM for assistance with the ion beam scattering facilities, which are supported by the NSF/MRSEC program (DMR00-79909). Samples were kindly provided by Dr. Min-Jin Ko from LG Chemical (MSQ samples) and International Sematech (CVD silica sample). CLS acknowledge the financial assistance from International Sematch, through the J-105 Low-k Dielectric Materials program, and the NIST Office of Microelectronic Programs. RJC acknowledges financial support from the NSF DMR Polymer Program, Grant # DMR-0234903. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-142-7 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 28 IS 2 BP 461 EP + DI 10.1149/1.3372601 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDH27 UT WOS:000313250400042 ER PT S AU Heindl, R Pufall, MR Rippard, WH AF Heindl, R. Pufall, M. R. Rippard, W. H. BE Misra, D Chen, Z Iwai, H Bauza, D Chikyow, T Obeng, Y TI MgO tunnel barriers in magnetic nanostructures and devices SO DIELECTRICS FOR NANOSYSTEMS 4: MATERIALS SCIENCE, PROCESSING, RELIABILITY, AND MANUFACTURING SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Dielectrics for Nanosystems - Materials Science, Processing, Reliability and Manufacturing as Part of the 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY APR 26-28, 2010 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Electrochem Soc (ECS), Dielect Sci & Technol Div, IEEE Electron Device Soc (EDS) ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SPIN; DRIVEN; MAGNETORESISTANCE; OSCILLATORS; MULTILAYER; EXCITATION; JUNCTIONS AB There has been a great deal of success in the development of MgO based tunnel barriers for use in magnetic devices, such as nanoscale magnetic random access memory (MRAM) elements and magnetic field sensors. Much of the focus has been on creating tunnel barriers that have ever-increasing tunneling magnetoresistance ratios, which today approach as much as 500%, and lower resistance-area products, which are as low as a few Ohm-micrometers squared. These improvements afford the potential for future scaling of MRAM devices into the deep nanometer regime and solid-state CMOS compatible sensors with much improved sensitivity. This paper gives an overview of the fundamental device concepts of these MgO-based structures. Contribution of NIST, not subject to copyright C1 [Heindl, R.; Pufall, M. R.; Rippard, W. H.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Heindl, R (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-142-7 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 28 IS 2 BP 477 EP 487 DI 10.1149/1.3372602 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDH27 UT WOS:000313250400043 ER PT S AU Stafford, GR Williams, ME Shin, JW Moon, KW Beauchamp, CR Boettinger, WJ AF Stafford, G. R. Williams, M. E. Shin, J. W. Moon, K. -W. Beauchamp, C. R. Boettinger, W. J. BE Misra, D Chen, Z Iwai, H Bauza, D Chikyow, T Obeng, Y TI Whisker Formation in Pb-Free Surface Finishes SO DIELECTRICS FOR NANOSYSTEMS 4: MATERIALS SCIENCE, PROCESSING, RELIABILITY, AND MANUFACTURING SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Dielectrics for Nanosystems - Materials Science, Processing, Reliability and Manufacturing as Part of the 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY APR 26-28, 2010 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Electrochem Soc (ECS), Dielect Sci & Technol Div, IEEE Electron Device Soc (EDS) ID THIN-FILMS; GROWTH-MECHANISM; SN; CU; STRESS; TIN; ELECTRODEPOSITION; KINETICS AB Tin-lead (Sn-Pb) alloys have been used extensively for surface finishing of electronic components in part because Pb was found to be effective in retarding Sn whisker growth in electrodeposits. Although whiskers appear to be a local response to the existence of residual compressive stress in the electrodeposited film, questions remain as to the dominant source of stress and the precise growth mechanism. Using both deflection measurements of plated cantilever beams and x-ray diffraction methods (sin(2)Psi), we have determined the in-plane residual stress in Sn, Sn-Cu, and Sn-Pb alloys electrodeposited from both bright- and matte-finish methanesulfonate-based electrolytes. Stress measurements were made soon after deposition and as a function of time. The appearance of hillocks and/or whiskers following plating is influenced by several factors such as intrinsic growth stress, stress induced by Cu6Sn5 formation at the Sn-Cu interface, and the deposit microstructure. C1 [Stafford, G. R.; Williams, M. E.; Shin, J. W.; Moon, K. -W.; Beauchamp, C. R.; Boettinger, W. J.] NIST, Div Met, MSEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stafford, GR (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, MSEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-142-7 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 28 IS 2 BP 499 EP 512 DI 10.1149/1.3372604 PG 14 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDH27 UT WOS:000313250400045 ER PT S AU Josell, D Beauchamp, CR Hamadani, BH Jung, S Guyer, JE Motayed, A Hangarter, C Gergel-Hackett, N Xu, H Zhitenev, N AF Josell, D. Beauchamp, C. R. Hamadani, B. H. Jung, S. Guyer, J. E. Motayed, A. Hangarter, C. Gergel-Hackett, N. Xu, H. Zhitenev, N. BE Misra, D Chen, Z Iwai, H Bauza, D Chikyow, T Obeng, Y TI Three-Dimensionally Structured Thin Film Heterojunction Photovoltaics on Interdigitated Back-Contacts SO DIELECTRICS FOR NANOSYSTEMS 4: MATERIALS SCIENCE, PROCESSING, RELIABILITY, AND MANUFACTURING SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Dielectrics for Nanosystems - Materials Science, Processing, Reliability and Manufacturing CY APR 26-28, 2010 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, IEEE Electron Device Soc ID ARRAY PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS; CONCENTRATOR SOLAR-CELLS; CATHODIC DEPOSITION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CDTE; ELECTRODEPOSITION AB Fabrication and properties of three-dimensionally structured back-contact heterojunction solar cells are described. A variety of devices are explored, all of which were fabricated by electrochemical deposition of a semiconducting material on one of two interdigitated electrodes in a comb structure followed by deposition of a second semiconducting material over the entire surface, including over both the bare and coated electrodes in the comb. The performance of fabricated devices is described and interpreted using a simplified model of the device geometry, light absorption and carrier transport. The results demonstrate that the processes and structures are amenable to a broad array of materials and deposition techniques, providing well-defined geometries amenable to fabrication and study of 3-D structured photovoltaic devices. C1 [Josell, D.; Beauchamp, C. R.; Guyer, J. E.; Motayed, A.; Hangarter, C.] NIST, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hamadani, B. H.; Jung, S.; Xu, H.; Zhitenev, N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jung, S.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nano Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gergel-Hackett, N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Josell, D (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014; Guyer, Jonathan/M-5165-2016; Hangarter, Carlos/M-7924-2016 OI Guyer, Jonathan/0000-0002-1407-6589; Hangarter, Carlos/0000-0002-7149-0903 NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-142-7 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 28 IS 2 BP 521 EP + DI 10.1149/1.3372606 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDH27 UT WOS:000313250400047 ER PT S AU Hacker, CA Coll, M Richter, CA AF Hacker, Christina A. Coll, Mariona Richter, Curt A. BE Misra, D Chen, Z Iwai, H Bauza, D Chikyow, T Obeng, Y TI Metrology of Molecular Devices made by Flip Chip Lamination SO DIELECTRICS FOR NANOSYSTEMS 4: MATERIALS SCIENCE, PROCESSING, RELIABILITY, AND MANUFACTURING SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Dielectrics for Nanosystems - Materials Science, Processing, Reliability and Manufacturing as Part of the 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY APR 26-28, 2010 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Electrochem Soc (ECS), Dielect Sci & Technol Div, IEEE Electron Device Soc (EDS) ID HYDROGEN-TERMINATED SILICON; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ORGANIC MONOLAYERS; SURFACES; JUNCTIONS; METAL; RESISTANCE; INTERFACE AB Scaling of conventional electronics has continued unabated to dimensions approaching fundamental physical limits. As technology continues to evolve there are increasing demands to identify alternate routes of performing electrical functions. One novel device architecture is molecular electronics. The fabrication and metrology of molecular based devices has progressed but remains challenging. We have focused our efforts on silicon-based molecular electronic devices and developed a crucial understanding of the formation and characterization of molecular electronic devices. This paper gives an overview of our technology highlighting formation of monolayers and metallization of the monolayers. Characterization of metal-monolayer-silicon structures will be discussed throughout. C1 [Hacker, Christina A.; Coll, Mariona; Richter, Curt A.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hacker, CA (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Christina.hacker@nist.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-142-7 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 28 IS 2 BP 549 EP 562 DI 10.1149/1.3372608 PG 14 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDH27 UT WOS:000313250400049 ER PT B AU Mancia, A Chapman, RW Gattoni-Celli, S Baatz, JE AF Mancia, Annalaura Chapman, Robert W. Gattoni-Celli, Sebastian Baatz, John E. BE Pearce, AG Correa, LM TI FROM DNA TO RNA TO PROTEINS: MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO DECIPHER DOLPHIN'S GENETIC INFORMATION SO DOLPHINS: ANATOMY, BEHAVIOR AND THREATS SE Animal Science Issues and Professions LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BOTTLE-NOSED-DOLPHIN; INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; WHALE DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; MARINE MAMMALS; STENELLA-COERULEOALBA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; STRIPED DOLPHINS; IN-VITRO AB Classical measures of environmental quality for the marine ecosystem have included assessment of the relative abundance of species, and the levels of pollutants found in the environment and in indigenous organisms. While valuable, these measures do not provide the most sensitive nor most rapid information on the effects of multiple environmental stressors. Major advances in the knowledge of dolphin biology and the unique adaptations of these animals in response to the marine environment are being made as a result of 1) the development of cell-lines for use in in vitro experiments 2) the production of monoclonal antibodies to define dolphin proteins 3) the development of dolphin DNA microarrays to measure global gene expression and 4) the sequencing of the dolphin genome. These new approaches may permit the discovery of new genes and/or functions of the proteins for which they encode. Hence, they may play a central role in understanding the complex and specialized biology of the dolphin with regards to how this species responds to an array of environmental insults. This chapter presents a review of recent advances in the cell biology, biochemistry and functional genomics of the dolphin using biological fluids, tissues or cell lines in efforts to further our understanding of dolphins and their responses to a changing environment. C1 [Mancia, Annalaura; Baatz, John E.] Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Mancia, Annalaura] Univ Bologna, Dept Expt Evolutionary Biol, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Mancia, Annalaura] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chapman, Robert W.] Hollings Marine Lab, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Mancia, A (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. OI Mancia, Annalaura/0000-0001-8680-3530 NR 144 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60876-849-3 J9 ANIM SCI ISSUES PROF PY 2010 BP 79 EP 105 PG 27 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BPE43 UT WOS:000278696300003 ER PT S AU Cao, CY Ma, LL Uprety, S Li, CR Tang, LL AF Cao, Changyong Ma, Lingling Uprety, Sirish Li, Chuanrong Tang, Lingli BE Xiong, X Kim, C Shimoda, H TI Spectral Characterization of the Dunhuang Calibration/Validation Site using Hyperspectral Measurements SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization CY OCT 13-14, 2010 CL Incheon, SOUTH KOREA SP SPIE, Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Korea Ocean satellite Ctr, Incheon Tourism Org, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Sci Technol Corp, Indian Space Res Org, Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv AB There is a great need to establish satellite instrument calibration consistency using vicarious calibration sites with well-known spectral and radiometric characteristics. The Dunhuang calibration/validation site located in the Gobi desert, China, and the Dome C in the Antarctic are two of the eight reference sites endorsed by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Working Group on Cal/Val (WGCV). This paper presents results of the spectral characterization of the Dunhuang calibration/validation site using hyperspectral measurements. Its spectra are compared with those from the Dome C, as well as with ground sample measurements with radiative transfer calculations. Further comparisons are made with the spectra obtained by the HSI on China's HJ-1A environmental satellite. The results show that the Dunhuang and Dome C sites have distinct spectral characteristics that complement each other for satellite instrument calibration in the reflective solar bands. This study is part of the collaboration effort by the CEOS/WGCV towards consistent satellite observations for the global earth observation system of systems (GEOSS). C1 [Cao, Changyong] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8392-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7862 AR 78620J DI 10.1117/12.869606 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTO93 UT WOS:000287661700012 ER PT S AU Brown, SW Saunders, RD Li, ZG Fein, A Barnes, RA AF Brown, Steven W. Saunders, Robert D. Li, Zhigang Fein, Abra Barnes, Robert A. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI An Absolute Detector-based Spectral Radiance Source SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XV CY AUG 02-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE calibration; radiometry; remote sensing; source; validation AB We describe an absolute, spectrally tunable, detector-based broad-band radiometric calibration source whose uncertainties in spectral radiance may approach those of reference detectors, on the order of 0.1 % (k=1). This uncertainty in the spectral radiance of the source is a factor of two lower than the current uncertainty in radiance sources disseminated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA (NIST). These low uncertainties in radiance calibration sources are required for satellite sensors supporting climate change missions. For example, the uncertainty requirements for the Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) sensor are approximately 0.2 % (k=1) in the silicon range. The conceptual framework of the source, characterization and radiance validation data and trending of the source radiance over time are described. C1 [Brown, Steven W.; Li, Zhigang; Fein, Abra] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brown, SW (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8303-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7807 AR 78070A DI 10.1117/12.860544 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU85 UT WOS:000285840600007 ER PT S AU Johnson, BC Saunders, RD Li, ZG Fein, A Ong, L Hom, MG Barnes, RA Markham, BL AF Johnson, B. Carol Saunders, Robert D. Li, Zhigang Fein, Abra Ong, Lawrence Hom, Milton G. Barnes, Robert A. Markham, Brian L. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Characterization of two spectrometers in support of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XV CY AUG 02-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE LDCM; OLI; radiance; prelaunch calibration ID INTEGRATING SPHERE SOURCE; CALIBRATION; ETM+ AB The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) project at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is supervising the manufacture and calibration of the Operational Land Imager (OLI) satellite instrument by Ball Aerospace in Boulder, Colorado. As part of that oversight function, the project is preparing a set of radiometers to monitor long-term changes (if any) in the radiance from the integrating sphere used for the radiance calibration of the OLI instrument. That sphere, calibrated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), serves as an artifact for establishing traceability of the OLI radiance calibration to SI units, that is, to the radiance scale at NIST. This paper addresses the characterization of two Analytic Spectral Devices (ASD) Fieldspec spectrometers that are part of the NASA/NIST program to validate radiometric reference standards in the LDCM project. In particular, we report on a series of measurements at NIST to determine the ASD spectrometers' long-term stability. Along with other radiometers, the ASDs will be used in the monitoring of changes in the OLI reference sphere from its calibration at NIST to its use in the calibration of the OLI satellite instrument. The ASD stability measurements will continue through the conclusion of the calibration of OLI. C1 [Johnson, B. Carol] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Johnson, BC (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cjohnson@nist.gov RI Markham, Brian/M-4842-2013 OI Markham, Brian/0000-0002-9612-8169 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8303-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7807 AR 780708 DI 10.1117/12.862056 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU85 UT WOS:000285840600006 ER PT J AU Manoj, C Kuvshinov, A Neetu, S Harinarayana, T AF Manoj, C. Kuvshinov, A. Neetu, S. Harinarayana, T. TI Can undersea voltage measurements detect tsunamis? SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; motional induction; Indian Ocean; electric field; submarine cables ID 26 DECEMBER 2004; FLORIDA CURRENT; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; INDIAN-OCEAN; BALTIC SEA; TRANSPORT; CABLE; MODEL; FLOW AB The movement of electrically conducting ocean water in the ambient geomagnetic field induces secondary electric and magnetic fields in the oceans. Ocean water transport is now routinely inferred from undersea cable voltage data. We try to answer the question whether the method could also be useful to detect tsunami. A barotropic shallow water model along with a three-dimensional electromagnetic induction code was used to predict the electric fields induced by the Indian Ocean Tsunami occurred on December 26, 2004. We show that the ocean flow related to the Indian Ocean Tsunami must have induced electric voltages of the order of +/-500 mV across the existing submarine cables in the Indian Ocean. The electric fields induced by the Tsunami flow have strength within the range of +/-10 mV/km, with enhancements along the main flow region and near the coasts and islands. Thus, making use of the in-service or retired submarine cables to measure the electric potential across oceans, it may be possible to detect water movement related to tsunami. C1 [Manoj, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Manoj, C.] NGDC NOAA E CG2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kuvshinov, A.] ETH, Inst Geophys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Neetu, S.] Natl Inst Oceanog, Goa, India. [Manoj, C.; Harinarayana, T.] Natl Geophys Res Inst, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Kuvshinov, A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Terr Magnetism Ionosphere & Radiowave Propag, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Manoj, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM manoj.c.nair@noaa.gov FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [09-05-01071-a] FX Suggestions by Stefan Maus and Joy Ikelman have improved an earlier version of this paper. AK acknowledges the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research to this work through grant No. 09-05-01071-a. R. N. Singh (NGRI) helped to select a suitable tsunami model. This is NIO contribution 4631. We thank Robert Tyler and an anonymous reviewer for their comments on this paper. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1880-5981 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2010 VL 62 IS 3 BP 353 EP 358 DI 10.5047/eps.2009.10.001 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 575GV UT WOS:000276055900012 ER PT J AU Maus, S Manoj, C Rauberg, J Michaelis, I Luhr, H AF Maus, S. Manoj, C. Rauberg, J. Michaelis, I. Luehr, H. TI NOAA/NGDC candidate models for the 11th generation International Geomagnetic Reference Field and the concurrent release of the 6th generation Pomme magnetic model SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE Magnetic field; magnetic satellite; magnetic reference field; main field; magnetic field modeling ID SATELLITE DATA; MISSION; CHAMP AB The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) is updated every five years based on candidate model submissions by research institutions worldwide. In the call for the 11th generation of IGRF, candidates were requested for the definitive main field in 2005, the predicted main field in 2010, and the predicted secular variation from 2010 to 2015. The NOAA/NGDC candidate models for IGRF-11 were produced from parent models parameterized in the same way as the 6th generation of our Pomme magnetic model. All models were based on CHAMP satellite measurements, while Orsted satellite measurements were used for model validation. The internal field in Pomme-6 is described by a 2nd degree Taylor time series of spherical harmonic expansion coefficients of a scalar magnetic potential. Magnetic fields of ionospheric origin are avoided by careful data selection. Instead of co-estimating magnetospheric fields, we subtract a magnetospheric field model estimated previously from a more extensive data set covering all local times. From comparison with Orsted measurements and general considerations of magnetic field predictability, we attribute a root mean square (RMS) uncertainty of 1.3 nT to our candidate model for the main field in 2005, 2.5 nT to the predicted main field in 2010 and 26 nT/a to the predicted secular variation from 2010 to 2015. C1 [Maus, S.; Manoj, C.] NOAA, NGDC, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Maus, S.; Manoj, C.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rauberg, J.; Michaelis, I.; Luehr, H.] Deutsch GeoForschungsZentrum, GFZ, Potsdam, Germany. RP Maus, S (reprint author), NOAA, NGDC, Washington, DC 20230 USA. EM Stefan.Maus@noaa.gov OI Maus, Stefan/0000-0002-9604-3878 FU German Aerospace Center (DLR); Federal Ministry of Education and Research; Danish Government; NASA; ESA; CNES; DARA FX We thank Brian Hamilton and Angelo DeSantis for their careful reviews and helpful suggestions. The CHAMP mission is supported by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. The Orsted Project was made possible by extensive support from the Danish Government, NASA, ESA, CNES and DARA. NR 16 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 9 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2010 VL 62 IS 10 BP 729 EP 735 DI 10.5047/eps.2010.07.006 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 723AP UT WOS:000287478500003 ER PT J AU Thebault, E Chulliat, A Maus, S Hulot, G Langlais, B Chambodut, A Menvielle, M AF Thebault, Erwan Chulliat, Arnaud Maus, Stefan Hulot, Gauthier Langlais, Benoit Chambodut, Aude Menvielle, Michel TI IGRF candidate models at times of rapid changes in core field acceleration SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE Magnetic field; main field; secular variation; modeling; IGRF; temporal extrapolation; core field acceleration ID GEOMAGNETIC REFERENCE FIELD; OBSERVATORY DATA; 10TH GENERATION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SATELLITE DATA; JERK AB We submit three candidate models following the call for IGRF-11. We apply a simple modeling approach in spherical harmonics based on a quadratic Taylor expansion for the internal field time variations. We use the D-st magnetic index as a proxy for the external field variations. In order to compensate for the limitations incurred by such a conventional approach, we focus on the optimal selection of satellite data in space and time. We also show that some a priori knowledge about the core field state helps us to avoid the pitfall encountered in the case of rapid changes of core field accelerations. Indeed, various acceleration events of relevance for the IGRF 11th occurred between 2003 and 2010, one of them being a geomagnetic jerk. They could entail disagreements between IGRF candidate models for the secular variation (SV) if data prior to 2008 are used. Our SV and main field (MF) candidate models have a root mean square uncertainty less than 6 nT/yr and 8 nT, respectively, with respect to the modeled magnetic field contributions. These values correspond to the intrinsic error associated with truncating SV and MF models to spherical harmonic degree 8 and 13, respectively, as requested for IGRF models. C1 [Thebault, Erwan; Chulliat, Arnaud; Hulot, Gauthier] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Inst Phys Globe Paris, Equipe Geomagnetisme,INSU,UMR 7154, Paris, France. [Maus, Stefan] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, E GC1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Langlais, Benoit] Univ Nantes, CNRS, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, UMR 6112, Nantes, France. [Chambodut, Aude] Univ Strasbourg, Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, UMR 7516, Strasbourg, France. [Menvielle, Michel] CNRS, Atmospheres Lab, Observat Spatiales UMR 8190, Paris, France. RP Thebault, E (reprint author), Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Inst Phys Globe Paris, Equipe Geomagnetisme,INSU,UMR 7154, Paris, France. EM ethebault@ipgp.fr RI Chulliat, Arnaud/A-5747-2011; Hulot, Gauthier/A-5627-2011; Langlais, Benoit/K-5366-2012; Thebault, Erwan/A-5670-2011; CHAMBODUT, Aude/E-9615-2017 OI Chulliat, Arnaud/0000-0001-7414-9631; Langlais, Benoit/0000-0001-5207-304X; CHAMBODUT, Aude/0000-0001-8793-1315 FU German Aerospace Center (DLR); Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF); CNES FX The German CHAMP satellite is operated by GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, supported by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). The Orsted Project was made possible by extensive support from the Danish Government, NASA, ESA, CNES and DARA. We thank the national institutes that support magnetic observatories and INTERMAGNET for promoting high standards of magnetic observatory practice (www.intermagnet.org). We would like to thank N. Gillet and M. Hamoudi for their thorough review. The work was supported by CNES. For IPGP this is contribution number 2650. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2010 VL 62 IS 10 BP 753 EP 763 DI 10.5047/eps.2010.05.004 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 723AP UT WOS:000287478500006 ER PT J AU Finlay, CC Maus, S Beggan, CD Hamoudi, M Lowes, FJ Olsen, N Thebault, E AF Finlay, C. C. Maus, S. Beggan, C. D. Hamoudi, M. Lowes, F. J. Olsen, N. Thebault, E. TI Evaluation of candidate geomagnetic field models for IGRF-11 SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE Geomagnetism; field modelling; reference field; secular variation ID SECULAR VARIATION MODEL; 11TH GENERATION; OBSERVATORY DATA; MAGNETIC-FIELD; POWER SPECTRUM; CORE AB The eleventh generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) was agreed in December 2009 by a task force appointed by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Division V Working Group V-MOD. New spherical harmonic main field models for epochs 2005.0 (DGRF-2005) and 2010.0 (IGRF-2010), and predictive linear secular variation for the interval 2010.0-2015.0 (SV-2010-2015) were derived from weighted averages of candidate models submitted by teams led by DTU Space, Denmark (team A); NOAA/NGDC, U.S.A. (team B); BGS, U. K. (team C); IZMIRAN, Russia (team D); EOST, France (team E); IPGP, France (team F); GFZ, Germany (team G) and NASA-GSFC, U. S. A. (team H). Here, we report the evaluations of candidate models carried out by the IGRF-11 task force during October/November 2009 and describe the weightings used to derive the new IGRF-11 model. The evaluations include calculations of root mean square vector field differences between the candidates, comparisons of the power spectra, and degree correlations between the candidates and a mean model. Coefficient by coefficient analysis including determination of weighting factors used in a robust estimation of mean coefficients is also reported. Maps of differences in the vertical field intensity at Earth's surface between the candidates and weighted mean models are presented. Candidates with anomalous aspects are identified and efforts made to pinpoint both troublesome coefficients and geographical regions where large variations between candidates originate. A retrospective analysis of IGRF-10 main field candidates for epoch 2005.0 and predictive secular variation candidates for 2005.0-2010.0 using the new IGRF-11 models as a reference is also reported. The high quality and consistency of main field models derived using vector satellite data is demonstrated; based on internal consistency DGRF-2005 has a formal root mean square vector field error over Earth's surface of 1.0 nT. Difficulties nevertheless remain in accurately forecasting field evolution only five years into the future. C1 [Finlay, C. C.] ETH, Earth & Planetary Magnetism Grp, Inst Geophys, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Maus, S.] NOAA, NGDC, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Maus, S.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Beggan, C. D.] British Geol Survey, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Midlothian, Scotland. [Hamoudi, M.] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, D-14473 Telegrafenberg, Germany. [Lowes, F. J.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Chem, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Olsen, N.] DTU Space, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Thebault, E.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRSINSU, Inst Phys Globe Paris, Equipe Geomagnetisme,UMR 7154, Paris, France. RP Finlay, CC (reprint author), ETH, Earth & Planetary Magnetism Grp, Inst Geophys, Sonneggstr 5, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM cfinlay@erdw.ethz.ch RI Olsen, Nils/H-1822-2011; Thebault, Erwan/A-5670-2011; Finlay, Christopher/B-5062-2014 OI Olsen, Nils/0000-0003-1132-6113; Finlay, Christopher/0000-0002-4592-2290 NR 28 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2010 VL 62 IS 10 BP 787 EP 804 DI 10.5047/eps.2010.11.005 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 723AP UT WOS:000287478500009 ER PT J AU Silva, L Maus, S Hulot, G Thebault, E AF Silva, Luis Maus, Stefan Hulot, Gauthier Thebault, Erwan TI On the possibility of extending the IGRF predictive secular variation model to a higher SH degree SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE Geomagnetism; field modelling; reference field; secular variation ID EARTHS MAGNETIC-FIELD; GEOMAGNETIC REFERENCE FIELD; CANDIDATE MODELS; OBSERVATORY DATA; SATELLITE DATA; CORE; GENERATION; CHAMP; FLOWS AB The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) is an internationally agreed global spherical harmonic model of the Earth's magnetic field of internal origin. It is currently computed every five years in the form of a model describing this field up to degree 13 at a reference epoch, plus a secular variation model up to degree 8, best estimating the linear evolution of this field over the following five years. Such a simple description of the field evolution is thought to provide a good enough prediction of the field, both for navigational and internationally agreed reference purposes (the very purpose of IGRF models). In particular, it assumes that any change in the field described by spherical harmonic degrees between 9 and 13 may be neglected over five years, given the uncertainties already involved in the determination of all other coefficients, and the practical accuracy needed for most IGRF applications. Recent progress in global field modelling based on increasingly accurate and numerous satellite data however show that all field coefficients can now be computed with much higher accuracy than possible in the past, and that higher degree secular variation coefficients could therefore also be considered for inclusion in IGRF models. The present short note intends to investigate the potential benefit of extending the IGRF predictive secular variation model to degrees higher than 8, given our current knowledge of the way the field behaves over time periods of five years. C1 [Silva, Luis; Hulot, Gauthier; Thebault, Erwan] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Equipe Geomagnetisme, Inst Phys Globe Paris,INSU, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Maus, Stefan] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, E GC1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Silva, L (reprint author), Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Equipe Geomagnetisme, Inst Phys Globe Paris,INSU, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. EM lacsilva@ipgp.fr RI Hulot, Gauthier/A-5627-2011; Silva, Luis/D-3883-2011; Thebault, Erwan/A-5670-2011 OI Silva, Luis/0000-0003-3421-0009; FU CNES FX The authors would like to thank the reviewers B. Langlais and I. Wardinski for their constructive reviews and the guest editor Chris Finlay for his most helpful comments. This work was partly funded by CNES. This is IPGP contribution number 3042. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2010 VL 62 IS 10 BP 815 EP 820 DI 10.5047/eps.2010.07.005 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 723AP UT WOS:000287478500011 ER PT J AU Luhr, H Maus, S AF Luehr, Hermann Maus, Stefan TI Solar cycle dependence of quiet-time magnetospheric currents and a model of their near-Earth magnetic fields SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE Geomagnetism; magnetic field modelling; magnetospheric fields; magnetospheric currents AB Satellite measurements from high-resolution magnetic field mapping missions over almost a complete solar cycle have been used to investigate the variability of major magnetospheric currents during quiet times. As judged from near-Earth magnetic field observations, the magnetotail current system exhibits no long-term trend. Activity-dependent enhancements decay within hours. A suitable quantity to parameterize the temporal variation is the merging electric field, delayed by 60 minutes with respect to its value at the bow shock. Conversely, the ring current strength shows pronounced solar cycle dependences. We show for the first time that a solar cycle dependent bias has to be added to D(ST) to represent the actual ring current strength. It ranges from -15 nT at solar maximum to zero at solar minimum. The scaled solar flux index, F(10.7), delayed by 20 months, is found to be a suitable proxy for predicting the bias. This empirical result reflects no physical relation between F(10.7) and ring current bias. A spherical harmonic model valid at Earth's surface is presented that reflects the quiet-time magnetospheric fields. C1 [Luehr, Hermann] German Res Ctr Geosci, GFZ, Potsdam, Germany. [Maus, Stefan] CIRES, Boulder, CO USA. [Maus, Stefan] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, NGDC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Luhr, H (reprint author), German Res Ctr Geosci, GFZ, Potsdam, Germany. EM hluehr@gfz-potsdam.de FU Space Agency of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) through the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology [50EE0944] FX The CHAMP mission is sponsored by the Space Agency of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) through funds of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, following a decision of the German Federal Parliament (grant code 50EE0944). The data retrieval and operation of the CHAMP satellite by the German Space Operations Center (GSOC) is acknowledged. The Orsted Project was made possible by extensive support from the Danish Government, NASA, ESA, CNES and DARA. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 11 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2010 VL 62 IS 10 BP 843 EP 848 DI 10.5047/eps.2010.07.012 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 723AP UT WOS:000287478500015 ER PT J AU Jorgenson, JC Hoef, JMV Jorgenson, MT AF Jorgenson, Janet C. Hoef, Jay M. Ver Jorgenson, M. T. TI Long-term recovery patterns of arctic tundra after winter seismic exploration SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Arctic National Wildlife Refuge; Alaska; USA; arctic tundra; induced thawing; long-term damage; permafrost soils; plant community; recovery; seismic exploration; thermokarst; winter train disturbance ID PLANT-COMMUNITIES; NORTHEASTERN ALASKA; DISTURBANCE; PERMAFROST; RESILIENCE; VEGETATION; USA AB In response to the increasing global demand for energy, on exploration and development are expanding into frontier areas of the Arctic, where slow-growing tundra vegetation and the underlying permafrost Soils are Very sensitive to disturbance. The creation of vehicle trails on the tundra from seismic exploration for on has accelerated in the past decade, and the cumulative impact represents a geographic footprint that covers a greater extent of Alaska's North Slope tundra than all other direct human impacts combined. Seismic exploration for on and gas was conducted on the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, USA, in the winters of 1984 and 1985. This study documents recovery Of vegetation and Permafrost soils Over a two-decade period after vehicle traffic on snow-covered tundra. Paired permanent vegetation plots (disturbed VS. reference) were monitored six times from 1984 to 2002. Data were collected on percent vegetative cover by plant species and on soil and ground ice characteristics. We developed Bayesian hierarchical models, with temporally and spatially autocorrelated errors, to analyze the effects of vegetation type and initial disturbance levels on recovery patterns of the different plant growth forms as well as soil thaw depth. Plant community composition was altered on the trails by species-specific responses to initial disturbance and subsequent changes in Substrate. Long-term changes included increased cover of graminoids and decreased cover of evergreen shrubs and mosses. Trails With low levels of initial disturbance usually improved well over time, whereas those with medium to high levels of initial disturbance recovered Slowly. Trails On ice-poor, gravel substrates of riparian areas recovered better than those on ice-rich loamy soils of the uplands, even alter severe initial damage. Recovery to pre-disturbance communities was not possible where trail subsidence occurred due to thawing of ground ice. Previous studies of disturbance from winter seismic vehicles in the Arctic predicted short-term and mostly aesthetic impacts, bill we found that severe impacts to tundra vegetation persisted For two decades after disturbance Under Some conditions. We recommend management approaches that should be used to prevent Persistent tundra damage. C1 [Jorgenson, Janet C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Hoef, Jay M. Ver] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Jorgenson, M. T.] Alaska Ecosci, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Jorgenson, JC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 101 12th Ave,Room 236, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM janet_jorgenson@fws.gov OI Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank Nancy Felix, who established the Study in 1984, and Jerry Stroebele and Glen Elison, who were instrumental ill Securing continuing funding from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 38 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 41 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 1 BP 205 EP 221 DI 10.1890/08-1856.1 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 566GM UT WOS:000275358100016 PM 20349841 ER PT J AU Seung, CK Waters, EC AF Seung, Chang K. Waters, Edward C. TI EVALUATING SUPPLY-SIDE AND DEMAND-SIDE SHOCKS FOR FISHERIES: A COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM (CGE) MODEL FOR ALASKA SO ECONOMIC SYSTEMS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Computable general equilibrium; Alaska; Fisheries impacts AB This study used computable general equilibrium (CGE) models to investigate the economic effects of three exogenous shocks to Alaska fisheries: (1) reduction in pollock allowable catch (TAC); (2) increase in fuel price; and (3) reduction in demand for seafood. Two different model versions, 'Keynesian' and 'neoclassical', were used to estimate impacts on endogenous output, employment, value added, and household income. By using a CGE model, this study overcomes the limitations of fixed-price models (such as input-output models) including (1) inability to calculate welfare effects due to fixed prices; and (2) difficulty of addressing supply-side shocks. There are currently few examples of CGE studies addressing fisheries issues appearing in the literature. Among those, this study is unique in that it uses a relatively disaggregated sector scheme and examines both supply-side and demand-side shocks. C1 [Seung, Chang K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Waters, Edward C.] EC Waters Consulting, Beaverton, OR USA. RP Seung, CK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM chang.seung@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0953-5314 EI 1469-5758 J9 ECON SYST RES JI Econ. Syst. Res. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 1 BP 87 EP 109 AR PII 922161780 DI 10.1080/09535311003677636 PG 23 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 596GB UT WOS:000277671900006 ER PT J AU Peterson, CH Costa-Pierce, BA Dumbauld, BR Friedman, C Hofmann, EE Kite-Powell, H Manahan, DT O'Beirn, F Paine, RT Thompson, P Whitlatch, R Bostrom, J Roberts, S Justice, J Boesch, DF Boyle, EA Corredor, JE Criddle, KR Deming, JW Feeley, MH Hallberg, R Hernandez, D Holman, RA Kim, K Knuth, BA Lawson, RA Matsumoto, GI Pearlman, JS Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Serafin, RJ Trehu, AM Tyack, PL Wright, DJ Yoder, JA Mengelt, C Glickson, D Banskota, S Lewis, P Chiarello, H Justice, J AF Peterson, Charles (Pete) H. Costa-Pierce, Barry A. Dumbauld, Brett R. Friedman, Carolyn Hofmann, Eileen E. Kite-Powell, Haukuke Manahan, Donal T. O'Beirn, Francis Paine, Robert T. Thompson, Paul Whitlatch, Robert Bostrom, Jodi Roberts, Susan Justice, Jeremy Boesch, Donald F. Boyle, Edward A. Corredor, Jorge E. Criddle, Keith R. Deming, Jody W. Feeley, Mary (Missy) H. Hallberg, Robert Hernandez, Debra Holman, Robert A. Kim, Kiho Knuth, Barbara A. Lawson, Robert A. Matsumoto, George I. Pearlman, Jay S. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Serafin, Robert J. Trehu, Anne M. Tyack, Peter L. Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. Mengelt, Claudia Glickson, Deborah Banskota, Shubha Lewis, Pamela Chiarello, Heather Justice, Jeremy CA Comm Best Practices Shellfish Mari Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS FOR SUSTAINABLE BIVALVE MARICULTURE Summary SO ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS FOR SUSTAINABLE BIVALVE MARICULTURE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; SUSPENSION-FEEDING BIVALVES; MUSSEL MYTILUS-EDULIS; SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; ABALONE HALIOTIS-CRACHERODII; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; CANDIDATUS-XENOHALIOTIS-CALIFORNIENSIS; RICKETTSIALES-LIKE PROKARYOTE; CLAM POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS C1 [Peterson, Charles (Pete) H.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Costa-Pierce, Barry A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Sea Grant Coll Program, Narragansett, RI USA. [Dumbauld, Brett R.] USDA, ARS, Newport, OR USA. [Friedman, Carolyn] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Oceanog, Norfolk, VA USA. [Kite-Powell, Haukuke] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Manahan, Donal T.] Univ So Calif, Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [O'Beirn, Francis] Inst Marine, Galway, Ireland. [Paine, Robert T.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thompson, Paul] Univ Aberdeen, Zool, Cromarty, Scotland. [Whitlatch, Robert] Univ Connecticut, Marine Sci, Groton, CT USA. [Boesch, Donald F.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Corredor, Jorge E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Criddle, Keith R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK USA. [Deming, Jody W.; Kim, Kiho] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feeley, Mary (Missy) H.] ExxonMobil Explorat Co, Houston, TX USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hernandez, Debra] Hernandez & Co, Isle Of Palms, SC USA. [Holman, Robert A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kim, Kiho] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Lawson, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Pearlman, Jay S.] Boeing Co, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Serafin, Robert J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Trehu, Anne M.; Wright, Dawn J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Peterson, CH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. NR 671 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-14695-1 PY 2010 BP 1 EP + PG 53 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BC3XD UT WOS:000352024700001 ER PT J AU Peterson, CH Costa-Pierce, BA Dumbauld, BR Friedman, C Hofmann, EE Kite-Powell, H Manahan, DT O'Beirn, F Paine, RT Thompson, P Whitlatch, R Bostrom, J Roberts, S Justice, J Boesch, DF Boyle, EA Corredor, JE Criddle, KR Deming, JW Feeley, MH Hallberg, R Hernandez, D Holman, RA Kim, K Knuth, BA Lawson, RA Matsumoto, GI Pearlman, JS Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Serafin, RJ Trehu, AM Tyack, PL Wright, DJ Yoder, JA Mengelt, C Glickson, D Banskota, S Lewis, P Chiarello, H Justice, J AF Peterson, Charles (Pete) H. Costa-Pierce, Barry A. Dumbauld, Brett R. Friedman, Carolyn Hofmann, Eileen E. Kite-Powell, Haukuke Manahan, Donal T. O'Beirn, Francis Paine, Robert T. Thompson, Paul Whitlatch, Robert Bostrom, Jodi Roberts, Susan Justice, Jeremy Boesch, Donald F. Boyle, Edward A. Corredor, Jorge E. Criddle, Keith R. Deming, Jody W. Feeley, Mary (Missy) H. Hallberg, Robert Hernandez, Debra Holman, Robert A. Kim, Kiho Knuth, Barbara A. Lawson, Robert A. Matsumoto, George I. Pearlman, Jay S. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Serafin, Robert J. Trehu, Anne M. Tyack, Peter L. Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. Mengelt, Claudia Glickson, Deborah Banskota, Shubha Lewis, Pamela Chiarello, Heather Justice, Jeremy CA Comm Best Practices Shellfish Mari Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS FOR SUSTAINABLE BIVALVE MARICULTURE Introduction SO ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS FOR SUSTAINABLE BIVALVE MARICULTURE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Peterson, Charles (Pete) H.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Costa-Pierce, Barry A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Sea Grant Coll Program, Narragansett, RI USA. [Dumbauld, Brett R.] USDA, ARS, Newport, OR USA. [Friedman, Carolyn] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Oceanog, Norfolk, VA USA. [Kite-Powell, Haukuke] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Manahan, Donal T.] Univ So Calif, Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [O'Beirn, Francis] Inst Marine, Galway, Ireland. [Paine, Robert T.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thompson, Paul] Univ Aberdeen, Zool, Cromarty, Scotland. [Whitlatch, Robert] Univ Connecticut, Marine Sci, Groton, CT USA. [Boesch, Donald F.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Corredor, Jorge E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Criddle, Keith R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK USA. [Deming, Jody W.; Kim, Kiho] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feeley, Mary (Missy) H.] ExxonMobil Explorat Co, Houston, TX USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hernandez, Debra] Hernandez & Co, Isle Of Palms, SC USA. [Holman, Robert A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kim, Kiho] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Lawson, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Pearlman, Jay S.] Boeing Co, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Serafin, Robert J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Trehu, Anne M.; Wright, Dawn J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Peterson, CH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-14695-1 PY 2010 BP 17 EP 27 PG 11 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BC3XD UT WOS:000352024700002 ER PT J AU Peterson, CH Costa-Pierce, BA Dumbauld, BR Friedman, C Hofmann, EE Kite-Powell, H Manahan, DT O'Beirn, F Paine, RT Thompson, P Whitlatch, R Bostrom, J Roberts, S Justice, J Boesch, DF Boyle, EA Corredor, JE Criddle, KR Deming, JW Feeley, MH Hallberg, R Hernandez, D Holman, RA Kim, K Knuth, BA Lawson, RA Matsumoto, GI Pearlman, JS Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Serafin, RJ Trehu, AM Tyack, PL Wright, DJ Yoder, JA Mengelt, C Glickson, D Banskota, S Lewis, P Chiarello, H Justice, J AF Peterson, Charles (Pete) H. Costa-Pierce, Barry A. Dumbauld, Brett R. Friedman, Carolyn Hofmann, Eileen E. Kite-Powell, Haukuke Manahan, Donal T. O'Beirn, Francis Paine, Robert T. Thompson, Paul Whitlatch, Robert Bostrom, Jodi Roberts, Susan Justice, Jeremy Boesch, Donald F. Boyle, Edward A. Corredor, Jorge E. Criddle, Keith R. Deming, Jody W. Feeley, Mary (Missy) H. Hallberg, Robert Hernandez, Debra Holman, Robert A. Kim, Kiho Knuth, Barbara A. Lawson, Robert A. Matsumoto, George I. Pearlman, Jay S. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Serafin, Robert J. Trehu, Anne M. Tyack, Peter L. Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. Mengelt, Claudia Glickson, Deborah Banskota, Shubha Lewis, Pamela Chiarello, Heather Justice, Jeremy CA Comm Best Practices Shellfish Mari Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI Best Management Practices and Performance Standards SO ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS FOR SUSTAINABLE BIVALVE MARICULTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Peterson, Charles (Pete) H.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Costa-Pierce, Barry A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Sea Grant Coll Program, Narragansett, RI USA. [Dumbauld, Brett R.] USDA, ARS, Newport, OR USA. [Friedman, Carolyn] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Oceanog, Norfolk, VA USA. [Kite-Powell, Haukuke] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Manahan, Donal T.] Univ So Calif, Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [O'Beirn, Francis] Inst Marine, Galway, Ireland. [Paine, Robert T.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thompson, Paul] Univ Aberdeen, Zool, Cromarty, Scotland. [Whitlatch, Robert] Univ Connecticut, Marine Sci, Groton, CT USA. [Boesch, Donald F.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Corredor, Jorge E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Criddle, Keith R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK USA. [Deming, Jody W.; Kim, Kiho] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feeley, Mary (Missy) H.] ExxonMobil Explorat Co, Houston, TX USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hernandez, Debra] Hernandez & Co, Isle Of Palms, SC USA. [Holman, Robert A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kim, Kiho] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Lawson, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Pearlman, Jay S.] Boeing Co, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Serafin, Robert J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Trehu, Anne M.; Wright, Dawn J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Peterson, CH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-14695-1 PY 2010 BP 29 EP 37 PG 9 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BC3XD UT WOS:000352024700003 ER PT J AU Peterson, CH Costa-Pierce, BA Dumbauld, BR Friedman, C Hofmann, EE Kite-Powell, H Manahan, DT O'Beirn, F Paine, RT Thompson, P Whitlatch, R Bostrom, J Roberts, S Justice, J Boesch, DF Boyle, EA Corredor, JE Criddle, KR Deming, JW Feeley, MH Hallberg, R Hernandez, D Holman, RA Kim, K Knuth, BA Lawson, RA Matsumoto, GI Pearlman, JS Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Serafin, RJ Trehu, AM Tyack, PL Wright, DJ Yoder, JA Mengelt, C Glickson, D Banskota, S Lewis, P Chiarello, H Justice, J AF Peterson, Charles (Pete) H. Costa-Pierce, Barry A. Dumbauld, Brett R. Friedman, Carolyn Hofmann, Eileen E. Kite-Powell, Haukuke Manahan, Donal T. O'Beirn, Francis Paine, Robert T. Thompson, Paul Whitlatch, Robert Bostrom, Jodi Roberts, Susan Justice, Jeremy Boesch, Donald F. Boyle, Edward A. Corredor, Jorge E. Criddle, Keith R. Deming, Jody W. Feeley, Mary (Missy) H. Hallberg, Robert Hernandez, Debra Holman, Robert A. Kim, Kiho Knuth, Barbara A. Lawson, Robert A. Matsumoto, George I. Pearlman, Jay S. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Serafin, Robert J. Trehu, Anne M. Tyack, Peter L. Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. Mengelt, Claudia Glickson, Deborah Banskota, Shubha Lewis, Pamela Chiarello, Heather Justice, Jeremy CA Comm Best Practices Shellfish Mari Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI Ecological Effects of Bivalve Mariculture SO ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS FOR SUSTAINABLE BIVALVE MARICULTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Peterson, Charles (Pete) H.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Costa-Pierce, Barry A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Sea Grant Coll Program, Narragansett, RI USA. [Dumbauld, Brett R.] USDA, ARS, Newport, OR USA. [Friedman, Carolyn] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Oceanog, Norfolk, VA USA. [Kite-Powell, Haukuke] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Manahan, Donal T.] Univ So Calif, Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [O'Beirn, Francis] Inst Marine, Galway, Ireland. [Paine, Robert T.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thompson, Paul] Univ Aberdeen, Zool, Cromarty, Scotland. [Whitlatch, Robert] Univ Connecticut, Marine Sci, Groton, CT USA. [Boesch, Donald F.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Corredor, Jorge E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Criddle, Keith R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK USA. [Deming, Jody W.; Kim, Kiho] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feeley, Mary (Missy) H.] ExxonMobil Explorat Co, Houston, TX USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hernandez, Debra] Hernandez & Co, Isle Of Palms, SC USA. [Holman, Robert A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kim, Kiho] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Lawson, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Pearlman, Jay S.] Boeing Co, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Serafin, Robert J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Trehu, Anne M.; Wright, Dawn J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Peterson, CH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-14695-1 PY 2010 BP 39 EP 72 PG 34 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BC3XD UT WOS:000352024700004 ER PT J AU Peterson, CH Costa-Pierce, BA Dumbauld, BR Friedman, C Hofmann, EE Kite-Powell, H Manahan, DT O'Beirn, F Paine, RT Thompson, P Whitlatch, R Bostrom, J Roberts, S Justice, J Boesch, DF Boyle, EA Corredor, JE Criddle, KR Deming, JW Feeley, MH Hallberg, R Hernandez, D Holman, RA Kim, K Knuth, BA Lawson, RA Matsumoto, GI Pearlman, JS Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Serafin, RJ Trehu, AM Tyack, PL Wright, DJ Yoder, JA Mengelt, C Glickson, D Banskota, S Lewis, P Chiarello, H Justice, J AF Peterson, Charles (Pete) H. Costa-Pierce, Barry A. Dumbauld, Brett R. Friedman, Carolyn Hofmann, Eileen E. Kite-Powell, Haukuke Manahan, Donal T. O'Beirn, Francis Paine, Robert T. Thompson, Paul Whitlatch, Robert Bostrom, Jodi Roberts, Susan Justice, Jeremy Boesch, Donald F. Boyle, Edward A. Corredor, Jorge E. Criddle, Keith R. Deming, Jody W. Feeley, Mary (Missy) H. Hallberg, Robert Hernandez, Debra Holman, Robert A. Kim, Kiho Knuth, Barbara A. Lawson, Robert A. Matsumoto, George I. Pearlman, Jay S. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Serafin, Robert J. Trehu, Anne M. Tyack, Peter L. Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. Mengelt, Claudia Glickson, Deborah Banskota, Shubha Lewis, Pamela Chiarello, Heather Justice, Jeremy CA Comm Best Practices Shellfish Mari Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI Bivalve Mariculture Contrasted with Wild Fisheries SO ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS FOR SUSTAINABLE BIVALVE MARICULTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Peterson, Charles (Pete) H.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Costa-Pierce, Barry A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Sea Grant Coll Program, Narragansett, RI USA. [Dumbauld, Brett R.] USDA, ARS, Newport, OR USA. [Friedman, Carolyn] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Oceanog, Norfolk, VA USA. [Kite-Powell, Haukuke] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Manahan, Donal T.] Univ So Calif, Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [O'Beirn, Francis] Inst Marine, Galway, Ireland. [Paine, Robert T.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thompson, Paul] Univ Aberdeen, Zool, Cromarty, Scotland. [Whitlatch, Robert] Univ Connecticut, Marine Sci, Groton, CT USA. [Boesch, Donald F.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Corredor, Jorge E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Criddle, Keith R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK USA. [Deming, Jody W.; Kim, Kiho] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feeley, Mary (Missy) H.] ExxonMobil Explorat Co, Houston, TX USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hernandez, Debra] Hernandez & Co, Isle Of Palms, SC USA. [Holman, Robert A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kim, Kiho] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Lawson, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Pearlman, Jay S.] Boeing Co, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Serafin, Robert J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Trehu, Anne M.; Wright, Dawn J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Peterson, CH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-14695-1 PY 2010 BP 73 EP 86 PG 14 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BC3XD UT WOS:000352024700005 ER PT J AU Peterson, CH Costa-Pierce, BA Dumbauld, BR Friedman, C Hofmann, EE Kite-Powell, H Manahan, DT O'Beirn, F Paine, RT Thompson, P Whitlatch, R Bostrom, J Roberts, S Justice, J Boesch, DF Boyle, EA Corredor, JE Criddle, KR Deming, JW Feeley, MH Hallberg, R Hernandez, D Holman, RA Kim, K Knuth, BA Lawson, RA Matsumoto, GI Pearlman, JS Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Serafin, RJ Trehu, AM Tyack, PL Wright, DJ Yoder, JA Mengelt, C Glickson, D Banskota, S Lewis, P Chiarello, H Justice, J AF Peterson, Charles (Pete) H. Costa-Pierce, Barry A. Dumbauld, Brett R. Friedman, Carolyn Hofmann, Eileen E. Kite-Powell, Haukuke Manahan, Donal T. O'Beirn, Francis Paine, Robert T. Thompson, Paul Whitlatch, Robert Bostrom, Jodi Roberts, Susan Justice, Jeremy Boesch, Donald F. Boyle, Edward A. Corredor, Jorge E. Criddle, Keith R. Deming, Jody W. Feeley, Mary (Missy) H. Hallberg, Robert Hernandez, Debra Holman, Robert A. Kim, Kiho Knuth, Barbara A. Lawson, Robert A. Matsumoto, George I. Pearlman, Jay S. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Serafin, Robert J. Trehu, Anne M. Tyack, Peter L. Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. Mengelt, Claudia Glickson, Deborah Banskota, Shubha Lewis, Pamela Chiarello, Heather Justice, Jeremy CA Comm Best Practices Shellfish Mari Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI Carrying Capacity and Bivalve Mariculture SO ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS FOR SUSTAINABLE BIVALVE MARICULTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Peterson, Charles (Pete) H.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Costa-Pierce, Barry A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Sea Grant Coll Program, Narragansett, RI USA. [Dumbauld, Brett R.] USDA, ARS, Newport, OR USA. [Friedman, Carolyn] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Oceanog, Norfolk, VA USA. [Kite-Powell, Haukuke] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Manahan, Donal T.] Univ So Calif, Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [O'Beirn, Francis] Inst Marine, Galway, Ireland. [Paine, Robert T.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thompson, Paul] Univ Aberdeen, Zool, Cromarty, Scotland. [Whitlatch, Robert] Univ Connecticut, Marine Sci, Groton, CT USA. [Boesch, Donald F.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Corredor, Jorge E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Criddle, Keith R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK USA. [Deming, Jody W.; Kim, Kiho] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feeley, Mary (Missy) H.] ExxonMobil Explorat Co, Houston, TX USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hernandez, Debra] Hernandez & Co, Isle Of Palms, SC USA. [Holman, Robert A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kim, Kiho] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Lawson, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Pearlman, Jay S.] Boeing Co, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Serafin, Robert J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Trehu, Anne M.; Wright, Dawn J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Peterson, CH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-14695-1 PY 2010 BP 87 EP 106 PG 20 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BC3XD UT WOS:000352024700006 ER PT J AU Peterson, CH Costa-Pierce, BA Dumbauld, BR Friedman, C Hofmann, EE Kite-Powell, H Manahan, DT O'Beirn, F Paine, RT Thompson, P Whitlatch, R Bostrom, J Roberts, S Justice, J Boesch, DF Boyle, EA Corredor, JE Criddle, KR Deming, JW Feeley, MH Hallberg, R Hernandez, D Holman, RA Kim, K Knuth, BA Lawson, RA Matsumoto, GI Pearlman, JS Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Serafin, RJ Trehu, AM Tyack, PL Wright, DJ Yoder, JA Mengelt, C Glickson, D Banskota, S Lewis, P Chiarello, H Justice, J AF Peterson, Charles (Pete) H. Costa-Pierce, Barry A. Dumbauld, Brett R. Friedman, Carolyn Hofmann, Eileen E. Kite-Powell, Haukuke Manahan, Donal T. O'Beirn, Francis Paine, Robert T. Thompson, Paul Whitlatch, Robert Bostrom, Jodi Roberts, Susan Justice, Jeremy Boesch, Donald F. Boyle, Edward A. Corredor, Jorge E. Criddle, Keith R. Deming, Jody W. Feeley, Mary (Missy) H. Hallberg, Robert Hernandez, Debra Holman, Robert A. Kim, Kiho Knuth, Barbara A. Lawson, Robert A. Matsumoto, George I. Pearlman, Jay S. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Serafin, Robert J. Trehu, Anne M. Tyack, Peter L. Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. Mengelt, Claudia Glickson, Deborah Banskota, Shubha Lewis, Pamela Chiarello, Heather Justice, Jeremy CA Comm Best Practices Shellfish Mari Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI Economic and Policy Factors Affecting Bivalve Mariculture SO ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS FOR SUSTAINABLE BIVALVE MARICULTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Peterson, Charles (Pete) H.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Costa-Pierce, Barry A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Sea Grant Coll Program, Narragansett, RI USA. [Dumbauld, Brett R.] USDA, ARS, Newport, OR USA. [Friedman, Carolyn] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Oceanog, Norfolk, VA USA. [Kite-Powell, Haukuke] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Manahan, Donal T.] Univ So Calif, Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [O'Beirn, Francis] Inst Marine, Galway, Ireland. [Paine, Robert T.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thompson, Paul] Univ Aberdeen, Zool, Cromarty, Scotland. [Whitlatch, Robert] Univ Connecticut, Marine Sci, Groton, CT USA. [Boesch, Donald F.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Corredor, Jorge E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Criddle, Keith R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK USA. [Deming, Jody W.; Kim, Kiho] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feeley, Mary (Missy) H.] ExxonMobil Explorat Co, Houston, TX USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hernandez, Debra] Hernandez & Co, Isle Of Palms, SC USA. [Holman, Robert A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kim, Kiho] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Lawson, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Pearlman, Jay S.] Boeing Co, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Serafin, Robert J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Trehu, Anne M.; Wright, Dawn J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Peterson, CH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-14695-1 PY 2010 BP 107 EP 122 PG 16 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BC3XD UT WOS:000352024700007 ER PT J AU Peterson, CH Costa-Pierce, BA Dumbauld, BR Friedman, C Hofmann, EE Kite-Powell, H Manahan, DT O'Beirn, F Paine, RT Thompson, P Whitlatch, R Bostrom, J Roberts, S Justice, J Boesch, DF Boyle, EA Corredor, JE Criddle, KR Deming, JW Feeley, MH Hallberg, R Hernandez, D Holman, RA Kim, K Knuth, BA Lawson, RA Matsumoto, GI Pearlman, JS Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Serafin, RJ Trehu, AM Tyack, PL Wright, DJ Yoder, JA Mengelt, C Glickson, D Banskota, S Lewis, P Chiarello, H Justice, J AF Peterson, Charles (Pete) H. Costa-Pierce, Barry A. Dumbauld, Brett R. Friedman, Carolyn Hofmann, Eileen E. Kite-Powell, Haukuke Manahan, Donal T. O'Beirn, Francis Paine, Robert T. Thompson, Paul Whitlatch, Robert Bostrom, Jodi Roberts, Susan Justice, Jeremy Boesch, Donald F. Boyle, Edward A. Corredor, Jorge E. Criddle, Keith R. Deming, Jody W. Feeley, Mary (Missy) H. Hallberg, Robert Hernandez, Debra Holman, Robert A. Kim, Kiho Knuth, Barbara A. Lawson, Robert A. Matsumoto, George I. Pearlman, Jay S. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Serafin, Robert J. Trehu, Anne M. Tyack, Peter L. Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. Mengelt, Claudia Glickson, Deborah Banskota, Shubha Lewis, Pamela Chiarello, Heather Justice, Jeremy CA Comm Best Practices Shellfish Mari Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI Ecosystem Services of Bivalves: Implications for Restoration SO ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS FOR SUSTAINABLE BIVALVE MARICULTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Peterson, Charles (Pete) H.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Costa-Pierce, Barry A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Sea Grant Coll Program, Narragansett, RI USA. [Dumbauld, Brett R.] USDA, ARS, Newport, OR USA. [Friedman, Carolyn] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Oceanog, Norfolk, VA USA. [Kite-Powell, Haukuke] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Manahan, Donal T.] Univ So Calif, Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [O'Beirn, Francis] Inst Marine, Galway, Ireland. [Paine, Robert T.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thompson, Paul] Univ Aberdeen, Zool, Cromarty, Scotland. [Whitlatch, Robert] Univ Connecticut, Marine Sci, Groton, CT USA. [Boesch, Donald F.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Corredor, Jorge E.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Criddle, Keith R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK USA. [Deming, Jody W.; Kim, Kiho] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feeley, Mary (Missy) H.] ExxonMobil Explorat Co, Houston, TX USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hernandez, Debra] Hernandez & Co, Isle Of Palms, SC USA. [Holman, Robert A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kim, Kiho] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Lawson, Robert A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Pearlman, Jay S.] Boeing Co, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Serafin, Robert J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Trehu, Anne M.; Wright, Dawn J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Peterson, CH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-14695-1 PY 2010 BP 123 EP 132 PG 10 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BC3XD UT WOS:000352024700008 ER PT J AU Naiman, RJ Bechtold, JS Beechie, TJ Latterell, JJ Van Pelt, R AF Naiman, Robert J. Bechtold, J. Scott Beechie, Timothy J. Latterell, Joshua J. Van Pelt, Robert TI A Process-Based View of Floodplain Forest Patterns in Coastal River Valleys of the Pacific Northwest SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE floodplain; coastal river; riverine processes; productivity; Pacific Northwest; riparian; alluvial soils; epiphytes; large wood; Queets; River ID OLYMPIC-NATIONAL-PARK; LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; BAYESIAN BELIEF NETWORKS; GROWTH REDWOOD FOREST; DOUGLAS-FIR STANDS; OLD-GROWTH; QUEETS RIVER; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; SEMIARID SAVANNA; ORGANIC-MATTER AB Floodplains in the Pacific Coastal Ecoregion (PCE) stem from steep eroding mountain landscapes in a rain forest environment, and sustain a rich array of natural resources. Like floodplains elsewhere, many of the approximately 200 coastal river valleys are profoundly altered by flow regulation and land conversion for agriculture and urban development, and these activities have contributed to widespread declines in anadromous fishes and environmental quality. Some of the coastal river valleys, however, still retain many of their natural features, thereby providing important reference sites. Understanding fundamental biophysical processes underpinning natural floodplain characteristics is essential for successfully protecting and restoring ecological integrity, including inherent goods and services. This article examines factors underpinning the ecological characteristics of PCE floodplains, particularly riparian soils and trees. Drawing on over two decades of research and literature, we describe the spatial and temporal characteristics of physical features for alluvial PCE floodplains, examine the importance of sediment deposition and associated biogeochemical processes in floodplain soil formation, quantify vegetative succession and production dynamics of riparian trees, discuss how epiphytes, marine-derived nutrients, and soil processes contribute to tree production, describe the roles and importance of large dead wood in the system, the role of termites in its rapid decomposition, and show how large wood contributes to vegetative succession. These highly interconnected features and associated processes are summarized in a model of system-scale drivers and changes occurring over several centuries. Collectively, this integrated perspective has strong implications for floodplain rehabilitation, and we identify appropriate metrics for evaluating floodplain condition and functions. We draw heavily from our own experience on several well-studied rivers, recognizing additional studies are needed to evaluate the generality of concepts presented herein. As in any complex adaptive system, fundamental uncertainties remain and constraints imposed by the legacies of past human actions persist. Nevertheless, the evolving knowledge base is improving conservation strategies of lightly modified floodplains and is supporting the incorporation of emerging process-based perspectives into the rehabilitation of heavily modified systems. C1 [Naiman, Robert J.; Bechtold, J. Scott; Latterell, Joshua J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Beechie, Timothy J.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Van Pelt, Robert] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Latterell, Joshua J.] King Cty Dept Nat Resources & Parks, Water & Land Resources Div, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Naiman, RJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM naiman@uw.edu RI Naiman, Robert /K-3113-2012 FU Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; Pacific Northwest Research Station of the U. S. Forest Service; Weyerhaeuser Company; National Science Foundation; National Marine Fisheries Service; Washington Sea Grant Program; University of Washington; Olympic National Park; U.S. Forest Service lands FX Financial support by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, Pacific Northwest Research Station of the U. S. Forest Service, Weyerhaeuser Company, National Science Foundation, National Marine Fisheries Service, the Washington Sea Grant Program, and the University of Washington is gratefully acknowledged. Much of the research was conducted in Olympic National Park and on U.S. Forest Service lands; their support and cooperation-as well as that from many other land owners and institutions-was instrumental to the success of our endeavors. Insightful comments on early drafts by R. E. Bilby, B. Collins, C. Nilsson and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the content and presentation. Numerous students, technicians, and colleagues have assisted our efforts over nearly two decades, greatly enriching the experience with dedication, creative solutions, thoughtful suggestions, and hard work. NR 178 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 9 U2 79 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN PY 2010 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 31 DI 10.1007/s10021-009-9298-5 PG 31 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 563XT UT WOS:000275172700001 ER PT J AU Meador, JP Ylitalo, GM Sommers, FC Boyd, DT AF Meador, James P. Ylitalo, Gina M. Sommers, Frank C. Boyd, Daryle T. TI Bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) outmigrating through a contaminated urban estuary: dynamics and application SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PCBs; Bioaccumulation; Salmon; Spatial segregation; Toxicity guideline value ID PCBS; TISSUE AB A field study was conducted to examine bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for hatchery-raised and naturally reared (wild) ocean-type juvenile chinook salmon outmigrating through the Lower Duwamish Waterway (LDW), a contaminated urban estuary in Seattle, WA, USA. These results show differences in bioaccumulation of PCBs over time and space in this estuary, which may also occur for any contaminant that is distributed heterogeneously in this system. Highly mobile, outmigrating salmon accumulated similar to 3-5 times more PCBs on the east side of the LDW than fish on the west side, which is supported by an almost identical difference in mean sediment concentrations. The tPCB concentration data suggest that for most of the spring and early summer, juvenile chinook were likely segregated between the east and west side of the LDW, but may have crossed the channel later in the year as larger fish. Additionally, we used biota-sediment accumulation factors to assess the relative degree of bioaccumulation and explore these factors as potential metrics for predicting adverse sediment concentrations. These results highlight the importance of time and space in sampling design for a highly mobile species in a heterogeneous estuary. C1 [Meador, James P.; Sommers, Frank C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr,Environm Conservat Div, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Ylitalo, Gina M.; Boyd, Daryle T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr,Environm Conservat Div, Environm Assessment Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Meador, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr,Environm Conservat Div, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM James.meador@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD JAN PY 2010 VL 19 IS 1 BP 141 EP 152 DI 10.1007/s10646-009-0399-x PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 536GE UT WOS:000273032100014 PM 19685184 ER PT J AU Rouya, E Stafford, GR Beauchamp, C Floro, JA Kelly, RG Reed, ML Zangari, G AF Rouya, E. Stafford, G. R. Beauchamp, C. Floro, J. A. Kelly, R. G. Reed, M. L. Zangari, G. TI In Situ Stress Measurements during Electrodeposition of Au-Ni Alloys SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WEBER THIN-FILMS; COPPER ELECTRODEPOSITION; INTRINSIC STRESSES; COALESCENCE; GROWTH; GENERATION; NUCLEATION; MECHANISMS; SUBSTRATE; CONTACT AB We investigate the stress evolution in situ during the potentiostatic electrodeposition of metastable, nanostructured Au-Ni alloy films and develop a correlation between alloy composition, deposition rate, growth mode, and the observed stress state. We find that the internal stresses during Au-Ni deposition can be explained, at least for Ni-rich films, assuming a three-dimensional Volmer-Weber growth mode, where the stress is initially compressive, then transitions to tension, and finally remains tensile over longer times. The observed trends in maximum compressive stress, compressive-to-tensile transition thickness, and net steady-state tensile stress (SSTS) with alloy composition can all be related to the observed decrease in grain size with increasing Ni content. In particular, the SSTS is hypothesized to be the result of a dynamic competition between the stresses generated from nanoscale roughening and adatom insertion into grain boundaries. The Au-rich films, however, do not follow the above trends, suggesting that other stress mechanisms may be operative in this compositional range. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3477933] All rights reserved. C1 [Rouya, E.; Floro, J. A.; Kelly, R. G.; Zangari, G.] Univ Virginia, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Reed, M. L.] Univ Virginia, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Stafford, G. R.; Beauchamp, C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rouya, E (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM er5v@virginia.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMI-0507023] FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation under grant no. DMI-0507023. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2010 VL 13 IS 11 BP D87 EP D90 DI 10.1149/1.3477933 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 667KY UT WOS:000283193300017 ER PT J AU Maurer, JJ Mallett, JJ Hudson, JL Fick, SE Moffat, TP Shaw, GA AF Maurer, Joseph J. Mallett, Jonathan J. Hudson, John L. Fick, Steven E. Moffat, Thomas P. Shaw, Gordon A. TI Electrochemical micromachining of Hastelloy B-2 with ultrashort voltage pulses SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Micromachining; Nickel-based superalloy; Etching; Microstructures; Ultrashort voltage pulses ID MOLYBDENUM; CORROSION; ALLOYS AB Electrochemical micromachining (ECMM) with ultrashort voltage pulses, a maskless all-electrochemical micro and nanofabrication technique, was used to fabricate microstructures on a corrosion resistant nickel-based superalloy, Hastelloy B-2,(1) whose work hardening behavior makes it difficult to machine on the macroscale. This work presents a viable, strain-free micromachining strategy for this technologically important material. ECMM was used to machine microstructures to depths of 3 mu m and 10 mu m, and the resolution of the machining was found to be dependent on the duration of the nanoscale pulses. Microstructures were also machined to 100 mu m depths, demonstrating the potential for the fabrication of high aspect ratio features using this technique. The ECMM was performed utilizing an apparatus consisting of standard electrochemical equipment combined with a custom electrical circuit that was constructed easily and at low cost. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fick, Steven E.; Moffat, Thomas P.; Shaw, Gordon A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Maurer, Joseph J.; Mallett, Jonathan J.; Hudson, John L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Shaw, GA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM Gordon.Shaw@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology Research [SB1341-07-CN-0047] FX The authors would like to acknowledge David Kelley of NIST for help in preparing the Hastelloy B-2 workpieces, Dr. Liang Yueh Ou Yang of NIST for his help preparing the tool electrodes, and Dr. John Bonevich and Dr. Chang Hwa Lee of NIST for their assistance with the SEM. J.J. Maurer and J.L. Hudson would also like to acknowledge the National Institute of Standards and Technology Research Grant # SB1341-07-CN-0047 for support for this research. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 55 IS 3 BP 952 EP 958 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.09.004 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 549CS UT WOS:000274020200049 ER PT S AU Litorja, M Ecker, B AF Litorja, Maritoni Ecker, Ben BE Douglass, MR Hornbeck, LJ TI Use of a spectrally-tunable source to explore improvement in chromatic contrast for illumination of tissues SO EMERGING DIGITAL MICROMIRROR DEVICE BASED SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Digital Micromirror Device Based Systems and Applications II CY JAN 27, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Texas Instruments Inc DE surgical lighting; spectrally tunable source; spectral imaging AB Human vision by a clinical practitioner is often the first disease detection tool. Illumination for such procedures as endoscopy use broadband white light, with luminance level being the only control available. The use of staining dyes for contrast improvement have shown limited adoption due to the additional steps needed and small number of approved dyes for in vivo use. Here we explore the control of the illuminant spectral distribution to improve chromatic contrast without the use of dyes. The computational steps used in converting spectral data to RGB and use of the CIELAB chromatic and luminance contrast metric as criteria in determining the appropriate lighting spectral distribution will be discussed. The skin on the back of the hand and the skin section over a vein are used as examples of tissue features to be contrasted. A 3-wavelelength LED lamp and an incandescent lamp with the yellow spectral region filtered out are shown as examples that spectrally-shaped illumination can enhance visual contrast. C1 [Litorja, Maritoni] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Litorja, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM litorja@nist.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7992-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7596 AR 759607 DI 10.1117/12.846096 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSG22 UT WOS:000284357800006 ER PT B AU Ivezic, N Woo, J Cho, H AF Ivezic, Nenad Woo, Jungyub Cho, Hyunbo BE Popplewell, K Harding, J Poler, R Chalmeta, R TI Towards Test Framework for Efficient and Reusable Global e-Business Test Beds SO ENTERPRISE INTEROPERABILITY IV: MAKING THE INTERNET OF THE FUTURE FOR THE FUTURE OF ENTERPRISE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Interoperability for Enterprise Software and Applications CY APR 14-15, 2010 CL Coventry, ENGLAND DE testing; eBusiness; interoperability; conformance; test framework; test bed; reusability AB We introduce a novel Agile Test Framework (ATF) for eBusiness systems interoperability and conformance testing. Largely, existing test frameworks have been designed to only consider a limited collection of specific test requirements. This makes it difficult to apply these frameworks to other similar standards specifications and to support cooperative work in building distributed global test systems. ATF addresses the core issues found in these traditional testing frameworks to alleviate the resulting inefficiencies and lack-of-reuse problems that arise in the development of eBusiness test beds. C1 [Ivezic, Nenad; Woo, Jungyub] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cho, Hyunbo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Ivezic, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84996-256-8 PY 2010 BP 47 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-84996-257-5_5 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BBM01 UT WOS:000307329100005 ER PT J AU Van Aggelen, G Ankley, GT Baldwin, WS Bearden, DW Benson, WH Chipman, JK Collette, TW Craft, JA Denslow, ND Embry, MR Falciani, F George, SG Helbing, CC Hoekstra, PF Iguchi, T Kagami, Y Katsiadaki, I Kille, P Liu, L Lord, PG McIntyre, T O'Neill, A Osachoff, H Perkins, EJ Santos, EM Skirrow, RC Snape, JR Tyler, CR Versteeg, D Viant, MR Volz, DC Williams, TD Yu, L AF Van Aggelen, Graham Ankley, Gerald T. Baldwin, William S. Bearden, Daniel W. Benson, William H. Chipman, J. Kevin Collette, Tim W. Craft, John A. Denslow, Nancy D. Embry, Michael R. Falciani, Francesco George, Stephen G. Helbing, Caren C. Hoekstra, Paul F. Iguchi, Taisen Kagami, Yoshi Katsiadaki, Ioanna Kille, Peter Liu, Li Lord, Peter G. McIntyre, Terry O'Neill, Anne Osachoff, Heather Perkins, Ed J. Santos, Eduarda M. Skirrow, Rachel C. Snape, Jason R. Tyler, Charles R. Versteeg, Don Viant, Mark R. Volz, David C. Williams, Tim D. Yu, Lorraine TI Integrating Omic Technologies into Aquatic Ecological Risk Assessment and Environmental Monitoring: Hurdles, Achievements, and Future Outlook SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE environment; environmental monitoring; fish; metabolomics; microarray; regulatory toxicology; transcriptomics ID FATHEAD MINNOWS; TOXICOGENOMICS; MICROARRAY; ECOTOXICOLOGY; BIOMARKERS; RESPONSES; PROFILES; SYSTEMS; SITES AB BACKGROUND: In this commentary we present the findings from an international consortium on fish toxicogenomics sponsored by the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council (Fish Toxicogenomics-Moving into Regulation and Monitoring, held 21-23 April 2008 at the Pacific Environmental Science Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada). OBJECTIVES: The consortium from government agencies, academia, and industry addressed three topics: progress in ecotoxicogenomics, regulatory perspectives on roadblocks for practical implementation of toxicogenomics into risk assessment, and dealing with variability in data sets. DISCUSSION: Participants noted that examples of successful application of omic technologies have been identified, but critical studies are needed to relate molecular changes to ecological adverse outcome. Participants made recommendations for the management of technical and biological variation. They also stressed the need for enhanced interdisciplinary training and communication as well as considerable investment into the generation and curation of appropriate reference omic data. CONCLUSIONS: The participants concluded that, although there are hurdles to pass on the road to regulatory acceptance, omics technologies are already useful for elucidating modes of action of toxicants and can contribute to the risk assessment process as part of a weight-of-evidence approach. C1 [Chipman, J. Kevin] Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Van Aggelen, Graham; McIntyre, Terry; Osachoff, Heather; Skirrow, Rachel C.; Yu, Lorraine] Environm Canada, Pacific Environm Sci Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Duluth, MN USA. [Baldwin, William S.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC USA. [Bearden, Daniel W.] NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Benson, William H.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. [Collette, Tim W.] US EPA, Athens, GA USA. [Craft, John A.] Glasgow Caledonian Univ, Glasgow G4 0BA, Lanark, Scotland. [Denslow, Nancy D.; Liu, Li] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Embry, Michael R.] Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC USA. [George, Stephen G.] Univ Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. [Helbing, Caren C.] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Hoekstra, Paul F.] Syngenta Crop Protect Canada Inc, Guelph, ON, Canada. [Iguchi, Taisen] Okazaki Natl Res Inst, Aichi, Japan. [Kagami, Yoshi] Ecogen Inc, Fukuoka, Japan. [Katsiadaki, Ioanna] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Weymouth, Dorset, England. [Kille, Peter] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. [Lord, Peter G.] Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [O'Neill, Anne] Environm Agcy, Bristol, Avon, England. [Perkins, Ed J.] US Army Corps Engn, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Santos, Eduarda M.; Tyler, Charles R.] Univ Exeter, Exeter, Devon, England. [Versteeg, Don] Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Volz, David C.] Syngenta Crop Protect Inc, Greensboro, NC USA. RP Chipman, JK (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Univ Rd W, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM j.k.chipman@bham.ac.uk RI Falciani, Francesco/F-3490-2010; Kille, Peter/A-4337-2010; Viant, Mark/B-6339-2009; Williams, Tim/G-1180-2010; OI Kille, Peter/0000-0001-6023-5221; Viant, Mark/0000-0001-5898-4119; Williams, Timothy/0000-0002-5857-3851; Katsiadaki, Ioanna/0000-0001-8649-2795; Santos, Eduarda/0000-0002-4074-0121 FU U.K. National Environment Research Council [NE/D000793/1] FX The workshop was funded by the U.K. National Environment Research Council (grant NE/D000793/1). NR 34 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 8 U2 98 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 118 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1289/ehp.0900985 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 539XP UT WOS:000273292800017 PM 20056575 ER PT J AU Bulygina, ON Groisman, PY Razuvaev, VN Radionov, VF AF Bulygina, Olga N. Groisman, Pavel Ya Razuvaev, Vyacheslav N. Radionov, Vladimir F. TI Snow cover basal ice layer changes over Northern Eurasia since 1966 SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE snow cover; basal ice crust; Northern Eurasia; climate change AB An analysis is made of changes in basal ice crust layer characteristics from snow cover surveys made at 958 Russian stations since 1966. The analysis revealed that substantial changes have occurred in response to two competing processes: an increase in thaws associated with strong regional warming and an increase in the duration of the basal ice layer presence on the ground, and a shortening of the snowmelt period associated with a decrease in basal ice layer event frequency and severity. The latter appears to be the more significant process over the past 40 years. Our findings support the notion that the entire spring snowmelt process has become shorter in duration and more intense when taking into account a concomitant trend toward increasing snow depths over large regions of Russia. A more intense spring melt period has important consequences for spring flood dynamics and deserves further study. C1 [Bulygina, Olga N.; Razuvaev, Vyacheslav N.] All Russian Res Inst Hydrometeorol Informat, World Data Ctr, Obninsk, Russia. [Groisman, Pavel Ya] NOAA, Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Radionov, Vladimir F.] Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199226, Russia. RP Bulygina, ON (reprint author), All Russian Res Inst Hydrometeorol Informat, World Data Ctr, Obninsk, Russia. EM bulygina@meteo.ru; Pasha.Groisman@noaa.gov; razuvaev@meteo.ru; vradion@aari.ru RI Bulygina, Olga/H-1251-2016 FU Swedish Academy of Sciences (Abisco Science Research Station), Russian World Data Center for Hydrometeorological Information, Obninsk, Russia; NOAA Climate Program Office, Washington, DC, USA FX This study was conducted with the support of the Swedish Academy of Sciences (Abisco Science Research Station), Russian World Data Center for Hydrometeorological Information, Obninsk, Russia, and the NOAA Climate Program Office, Washington, DC, USA. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 5 IS 1 AR 015004 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/015004 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 575VR UT WOS:000276097900027 ER PT J AU Raikow, DF Atkinson, JF Croley, TE AF Raikow, David F. Atkinson, Joseph F. Croley, Thomas E., II TI Development of Resource Shed Delineation in Aquatic Ecosystems SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOOD-WEB AB We apply a concept derived from food web ecology to large-scale spatial patterns of material supply within and between watersheds and coasts by generalizing the definition "resource shed" to source areas for materials supplied to a receptor (e.g., a point location) over a specified time interval. Independent hydrologic and hydrodynamic models, coupled with a particle tracking model, were used to delimit resource shed total spatial extent and relative contributory importance for selected receptors in Lake Erie (North America) over varying time intervals. One resource shed was extended into the Maumee River watershed (OH) by integrating the lake and hydrologic models. Model validation was achieved through comparison with data from the 2005 International Field Years on Lake Erie (IFYLE) study. Resource shed size, orientation, and internal structure varied with receptor location, in-lake circulation, terrestrial precipitation, time interval, and season. River plume extent and interaction were illustrated, and model integration revealed the relative contributory importance of subwatershed catchments to an off-shore receptor. C1 [Raikow, David F.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45243 USA. [Atkinson, Joseph F.] SUNY Buffalo, Great Lakes Program, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Croley, Thomas E., II] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Raikow, DF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecol Exposure Res Div, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45243 USA. EM raikow.david@epa.gov FU New York Sea Grant Institute [R/CD-27] FX This work is sponsored by the New York Sea Grant Institute, Grant No. R/CD-27. We thank Ellen D'Amico for GIS support, Tom Johengen for assistance with IFYLE data, and Xueqin Xue for running the particle tracking model. Although this work was reviewed by U.S. EPA and approved for publication, official Agency policy is not established herein. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 1 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.1021/es900562t PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 539PB UT WOS:000273267000055 PM 19958021 ER PT J AU Widegren, JA Bruno, TJ AF Widegren, Jason A. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Vapor Pressure Measurements on Low-Volatility Terpenoid Compounds by the Concatenated Gas Saturation Method SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EVAPORATION RATES; DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; THERMAL-DESORPTION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ATMOSPHERIC OXIDATION; MONOCARBOXYLIC ACIDS; AEROSOL; ALKANES; SUBLIMATION; APPARATUS AB The atmospheric oxidation of monoterpenes plays a central role in the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs), which have important effects on the weather and climate. However, models of SOA formation have large uncertainties' One reason for this is that SOA formation depends directly on the vapor pressures of the monoterpene oxidation products, but few vapor pressures have been reported for these compounds. As a result, models of SOA formation have had to rely on estimated values of vapor pressure. To alleviate this problem, we have developed the concatenated gas saturation method, which is a simple, reliable, high-throughput method for measuring the vapor pressures of low-volatility compounds. The concatenated gas saturation method represents a significant advance over traditional gas saturation methods. Instead of a single saturator and trap, the concatenated method uses several pairs of saturators and traps linked in series. Consequently, several measurements of vapor pressure can be made simultaneously, which greatly increases the rate of data collection. It also allows for the simultaneous measurement of a control compound, which is important for ensuring data quality. In this paper we demonstrate the use of the concatenated gas saturation method by determination of the vapor pressures of five monoterpene oxidation products and n-tetradecane (the control compound) over the temperature range 283.15-313.15 K. Over this temperature range, the vapor pressures ranged from about 0.5 Pa to about 70 Pa. The standard molar enthalpies of vaporization or sublimation were determined by use of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. C1 [Widegren, Jason A.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 1 BP 388 EP 393 DI 10.1021/es9026216 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 539PB UT WOS:000273267000064 PM 20000397 ER PT J AU Najjar, RG Pyke, CR Adams, MB Breitburg, D Hershner, C Kemp, M Howarth, R Mulholland, MR Paolisso, M Secor, D Sellner, K Wardrop, D Wood, R AF Najjar, Raymond G. Pyke, Christopher R. Adams, Mary Beth Breitburg, Denise Hershner, Carl Kemp, Michael Howarth, Robert Mulholland, Margaret R. Paolisso, Michael Secor, David Sellner, Kevin Wardrop, Denice Wood, Robert TI Potential climate-change impacts on the Chesapeake Bay SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE climate; estuaries; circulation; biogeochemistry; vascular plants; fisheries ID EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; SEA-LEVEL RISE; MID-ATLANTIC REGION; SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; CTENOPHORE MNEMIOPSIS-LEIDYI; CRABS CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; LOW DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; NORTH-AMERICA; WATER-QUALITY AB We review current understanding of the potential impact of climate change on the Chesapeake Bay. Scenarios for CO(2) emissions indicate that by the end of the 21(st) century the Bay region will experience significant changes in climate forcings with respect to historical conditions, including increases in CO(2) concentrations, sea level, and water temperature of 50-160%, 0.7-1.6 m, and 2-6 degrees C, respectively. Also likely are increases in precipitation amount (very likely in the winter and spring), precipitation intensity, intensity of tropical and extratropical cyclones (though their frequency may decrease), and sea-level variability. The greatest uncertainty is associated with changes in annual streamflow, though it is likely that winter and spring flows will increase. Climate change alone will cause the Bay to function very differently in the future. Likely changes include: (1) an increase in coastal flooding and submergence of estuarine wetlands; (2) an increase in salinity variability on many time scales; (3) an increase in harmful algae; (4) an increase in hypoxia; (5) a reduction of eelgrass, the dominant submerged aquatic vegetation in the Bay; and (6) altered interactions among trophic levels, with subtropical fish and shellfish species ultimately being favored in the Bay. The magnitude of these changes is sensitive to the CO(2) emission trajectory, so that actions taken now to reduce CO(2) emissions will reduce climate impacts on the Bay. Research needs include improved precipitation and streamflow projections for the Bay watershed and whole-system monitoring, modeling, and process studies that can capture the likely non-linear responses of the Chesapeake Bay system to climate variability, climate change, and their interaction with other anthropogenic stressors. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Najjar, Raymond G.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Pyke, Christopher R.] US Green Bldg Council, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Adams, Mary Beth] US Forest Serv, USDA, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. [Breitburg, Denise] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Hershner, Carl] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Kemp, Michael] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Howarth, Robert] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Mulholland, Margaret R.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth &Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Paolisso, Michael] Univ Maryland, Dept Anthropol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Secor, David] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Sellner, Kevin] Chesapeake Res Consortium, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Wardrop, Denice] Penn State Cooperat Wetlands Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wood, Robert] NOAA NCCOS, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. RP Najjar, RG (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM najjar@meteo.psu.edu; cpyke@usgbc.org; mbadams@fs.fed.us; breitburgd@si.edu; carl@sweethall.wetlan.vims.edu; kemp@hpl.umces.edu; rwh2@cornell.edu; mmulholl@odu.edu; mpaolisso@anth.umd.edu; secor@cbl.umces.edu; sellnerk@si.edu; dhw110@psu.edu; Bob.Wood@noaa.gov RI Mulholland, Margaret/E-8480-2011 OI Mulholland, Margaret/0000-0001-8819-189X NR 200 TC 146 Z9 151 U1 16 U2 172 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 86 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2009.09.026 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 545AU UT WOS:000273705000005 ER PT J AU Li, XL Godil, A AF Li, Xiaolan Godil, Afzal TI Investigating the Bag-of-Words Method for 3D Shape Retrieval SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID OBJECT RECOGNITION; SIMILARITY; BENCHMARK; MODELS AB This paper investigates the capabilities of the Bag-of-Words (BWs) method in the 3D shape retrieval field. The contributions of this paper are (1) the 3D shape retrieval task is categorized from different points of view: specific versus generic, partial-to-global retrieval (PGR) versus global-to-global retrieval (GGR), and articulated versus nonarticulated (2) the spatial information, represented as concentric spheres, is integrated into the framework to improve the discriminative ability (3) the analysis of the experimental results on Purdue Engineering Benchmark (PEB) reveals that some properties of the BW approach make it perform better on the PGR task than the GGR task (4) the BW approach is evaluated on nonarticulated database PEB and articulated database McGill Shape Benchmark (MSB) and compared to other methods. C1 [Li, Xiaolan] Zhejiang Gongshang Univ, Coll Comp Sci & Informat Engn, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Godil, Afzal] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, XL (reprint author), Zhejiang Gongshang Univ, Coll Comp Sci & Informat Engn, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM lixiaolana@hotmail.com FU NSF Grants of China [60873218]; NSF Grants of Zhejiang [Z1080232] FX The authors would like to thank the SIMA program and the IDUS program for supporting this work. This work has also been partially supported by NSF Grants of China (60873218) and NSF Grants of Zhejiang (Z1080232). NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1687-6180 J9 EURASIP J ADV SIG PR JI EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. PY 2010 AR 108130 DI 10.1155/2010/108130 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 623DX UT WOS:000279719400001 ER PT J AU Tao, J Zheng, YHR Xiao, CS Yang, TC Yang, WB AF Tao, Jun Zheng, Yahong Rosa Xiao, Chengshan Yang, T. C. Yang, Wen-Bin TI Channel Equalization for Single Carrier MIMO Underwater Acoustic Communications SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID DECISION-FEEDBACK EQUALIZER; PASSIVE-PHASE CONJUGATION; TIME-REVERSAL AB Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) underwater acoustic (UWA) channels introduce both space-time interference (STI) and time-varying phase distortion for transmitted signals. In such cases, the equalized symbols produced by conventional equalizer aiming for STI cancelation suffer phase rotation and thus cannot be reliably detected. In this paper, we propose a new equalization scheme for high data rate single carrier MIMO UWA channels. Different from existing methods employing joint equalization and symbolwise phase tracking technology, the proposed scheme decouples the interference cancelation (IC) operation and the phase compensation operation, leading to a generalized equalizer structure combining an IC equalizer with a phase compensator. The decoupling of the two functionalities leads to robust signal detection, which is most desirable in practical UWA applications. MIMO linear equalizer (LE) is adopted to remove space-time interference, and a groupwise phase estimation and correction method is used to compensate the phase rotation. In addition, the layered space-time processing technology is adopted to enhance the equalization performance. The proposed equalization scheme is tested to be very robust with extensive experimental data collected at Kauai, Hawaii, in September 2005, and Saint Margaret's Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada, in May 2006. C1 [Zheng, Yahong Rosa; Xiao, Chengshan] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Tao, Jun] Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Yang, T. C.] USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Yang, Wen-Bin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Network Technol Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xiao, CS (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM xiaoc@mst.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-1-0219, N00014-10-1-0174]; National Science Foundation [ECCS-0846486, CCF-0915846] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under Grants N00014-07-1-0219 and N00014-10-1-0174 and the National Science Foundation under Grants ECCS-0846486 and CCF-0915846. The work of T. C. Yang and W.-B. Yang was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The authors are grateful to Professor Tolga Duman and Dr. Subhadeep Roy for providing the transmitted data of MakaiEx05. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-6172 J9 EURASIP J ADV SIG PR JI EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. PY 2010 AR 281769 DI 10.1155/2010/281769 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 637AQ UT WOS:000280787000001 ER PT J AU Conroy, RS Koretsky, AP Moreland, J AF Conroy, R. S. Koretsky, A. P. Moreland, J. TI Lambda exonuclease digestion of CGG trinucleotide repeats SO EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL WITH BIOPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Biophysics; Single molecule; Magnetic tweezers; Lambda exonuclease; Fragile X syndrome ID DNA DIGESTION; FLUORESCENCE; INSTABILITY; SEQUENCES; DISEASE AB Fragile X syndrome and other trinucleotide diseases are characterized by an elongation of a repeating DNA triplet. The ensemble-averaged lambda exonuclease digestion rate of different substrates, including one with an elongated FMR1 gene containing 120 CGG repeats, was measured using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. By use of magnetic tweezers sequence-dependent digestion rates and pausing was measured for individual lambda exonucleases. Within the triplet repeats a lower average and narrower distribution of rates and a higher frequency of pausing was observed. C1 [Conroy, R. S.; Koretsky, A. P.] NINCDS, Lab Funct & Mol Imaging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Conroy, R. S.; Moreland, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Conroy, RS (reprint author), NINCDS, Lab Funct & Mol Imaging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM conroyri@mail.nih.gov RI Conroy, Richard/D-1979-2009; Koretsky, Alan/C-7940-2015 OI Conroy, Richard/0000-0002-8896-6090; Koretsky, Alan/0000-0002-8085-4756 FU National Research Council; NINDS, NIH FX RC acknowledge the support of a National Research Council Research Associateship Award and the help of Karen Usdin and Daman Kumari of NIDDK who supplied the elongated FMR1 sequence and helped with preparation, replication and isolation of the plasmid, and Keir Neuman for critical feedback. This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NINDS, NIH. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7571 J9 EUR BIOPHYS J BIOPHY JI Eur. Biophys. J. Biophys. Lett. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 2 BP 337 EP 343 DI 10.1007/s00249-009-0502-5 PG 7 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 534AT UT WOS:000272868600012 PM 19562332 ER PT J AU Villano, SM Eyet, N Wren, SW Ellison, GB Bierbaum, VM Lineberger, WC AF Villano, Stephanie M. Eyet, Nicole Wren, Scott W. Ellison, G. Barney Bierbaum, Veronica M. Lineberger, W. Carl TI Photoelectron spectroscopy and thermochemistry of the peroxyacetate anion SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Mass Spectrometry Conference CY AUG 29-SEP 04, 2009 CL Bremen, GERMANY SP German Mass Spectrometry Soc DE acylperoxy radical; acyl peroxide; peroxyacetyl radical; peroxyacetic acid; photoelectron spectroscopy; FA-SIFT; negative ion cycle; bond dissociation energy; atmospheric chemistry; peroxyacetyl nitrate ID GAS-PHASE ACIDITY; ORGANIC PEROXY-RADICALS; ALKYL HYDROPEROXIDES; NEGATIVE-ION; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; BOND-DISSOCIATION; NITRATE PAN; KINETICS; DECOMPOSITION; ENERGIES AB The 351.1nm photoelectron spectrum of the peroxyacetate anion, (CH3C(O)OO-) was measured. Analysis of the spectrum shows that the observed spectral features arise almost exclusively from transitions between the trans-conformer of the anion and the (X) over tilde (2)A '' and (A) over tilde (2)A' states of the corresponding radical. The electron affinity of trans-CH3C(O)OO is 2.381 +/- 0.007eV and the term energy splitting of the (A) over tilde (2)A' state is 0.691 +/- 0.009 eV, in excellent agreement with two prior values (Zalyubovsky et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 107, 7704 (2003); Hu et al. J. Phys. Chem. 124, 114305/1 (2006); Hu etal. J. Phys. Chem. 110, 2629 (2006)] The gas-phase acidity of trans-peroxyacetic acid was bracketed between the acidity of acetic acid and tert-butylthiol at Delta(a)G(298) (trans-CH3C(O)OOH) =1439 +/- 14 kJ mol-1 and Delta H-a(298) (trans-CH3C(O) OOH) = 1467 +/- 14 kJ mol(-1). The acidity of cis-CH3C(O)OOH was found by adding a calculated energy correction to the acidity of the transconformer; Delta(a)G(298)[cis-CH3C(O)OOH] = 1461 +/- 14 kJ mol(-1) and Delta H-a(298)[cis-CH3C(O)OOH)=1490 +/- 14 kJ mol(-1). The O-H bond dissociation energies for both conformers were determined using a negative ion thermodynamic cycle to be D-0[trans-CH3C(O)OOH] = 381 +/- 14 kJ mol(-1) and D-0[cis-CH3C(O)OOH] = 403 +/- 14 kJ mol(-1). The atmospheric implications of these results and relations to the thermochemistry of peroxyacetyl nitrate are discussed briefly. C1 [Villano, Stephanie M.; Eyet, Nicole; Wren, Scott W.; Ellison, G. Barney; Bierbaum, Veronica M.; Lineberger, W. Carl] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Villano, Stephanie M.; Eyet, Nicole; Wren, Scott W.; Ellison, G. Barney; Bierbaum, Veronica M.; Lineberger, W. Carl] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Villano, Stephanie M.; Eyet, Nicole; Wren, Scott W.; Ellison, G. Barney; Bierbaum, Veronica M.; Lineberger, W. Carl] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Villano, SM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM veronica.bierbaum@colorado.edu; wcl@jila.colorado.edu NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU IM PUBLICATIONS PI W SUSSEX PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER,, W SUSSEX PO18 0HY, ENGLAND SN 1469-0667 EI 1751-6838 J9 EUR J MASS SPECTROM JI Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. PY 2010 VL 16 IS 3 SI SI BP 255 EP 268 DI 10.1255/ejms.1055 PG 14 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 618BJ UT WOS:000279325900004 PM 20530835 ER PT S AU Boyar, J Peralta, R AF Boyar, Joan Peralta, Rene BE Festa, P TI A New Combinational Logic Minimization Technique with Applications to Cryptology SO EXPERIMENTAL ALGORITHMS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms CY MAY 20-22, 2010 CL Ischia Isl, ITALY SP Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Math & Applicat R Caccioppoli DE Circuit complexity; multiplicative complexity; linear component minimization; AES; S-box AB A new technique for combinational logic optimization is described. The technique is a two-step process. In the first step, the nonlinearity of a circuit as measured by the number of non-linear gates it contains is reduced. The second step reduces the number of gates in the linear components of the already reduced circuit. The technique can be applied to arbitrary combinational logic problems, and often yields improvements even after optimization by standard methods has been performed. In this paper we show the results of our technique when applied to the S-box of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES [6]). This is an experimental proof of concept, as opposed to a full-fledged circuit optimization effort. Nevertheless the result is, as far as we know, the circuit with the smallest gate count yet constructed for this function. We have also used the technique to improve the performance (in software) of several candidates to the Cryptographic Hash Algorithm Competition. Finally, we have experimentally verified that the second step of our technique yields significant improvements over conventional methods when applied to randomly chosen linear transformations. C1 [Boyar, Joan] Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Odense, Denmark. [Peralta, Rene] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Boyar, J (reprint author), Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Odense, Denmark. EM joan@imada.sdu.dk; rene.peralta@nist.gov OI Boyar, Joan/0000-0002-0725-8341 FU Danish Natural Science Research Council (FNU) FX Partially supported by the Danish Natural Science Research Council (FNU). Some of this work was done while visiting the University of California, Irvine NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-13192-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6049 BP 178 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPQ63 UT WOS:000279644700016 ER PT S AU Cline, JP Black, D Gil, D Henins, A Windover, D AF Cline, James P. Black, David Gil, David Henins, Albert Windover, Donald BE Scardi, P Dinnebier, RE TI The Application of the Fundamental Parameters Approach as Implemented in TOPAS to Divergent Beam Powder Diffraction Data SO EXTENDING THE REACH OF POWDER DIFFRACTION MODELLING BY USER DEFINED MACROS SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Powder Diffraction; Fundamental Parameters Approach; Profile Fitting; Rietveld Analysis; Standard Reference Materials; Lattice Parameter Measurement ID AXIAL DIVERGENCE; RAY; DIFFRACTOMETER; REFINEMENT AB The fundamental parameters approach (FPA) as implemented in TOPAS is investigated for analyses of conventional X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) data. The FPA involves the convolution of a series of models, each one constituting an individual contribution to the geometric portion of the instrument profile function (IPF). Parameters within each model are refined by least squares to yield a presumably accurate description of the experiment. If one wishes to interrogate the functionality of said models, a diffractometer wherein the uncertainties in optical character are minimized is required. To this end, a diffractometer was built at NIST which featured conventional divergent beam optics in conjunction with a well aligned, stiff, and accurate goniometer assembly. Initial results indicated that the detector arm was flexing; this problem has been addressed with the fabrication and installation of a new arm and counterweight assembly. Data collected from NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 660a, lanthanum hexaboride, are analyzed using the FPA method to yield conclusions on the validity of the models with respect to shape and position of the diffraction profiles. C1 [Cline, James P.; Black, David; Gil, David; Henins, Albert; Windover, Donald] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cline, JP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jcline@nist.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-0-87849-261-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 651 BP 201 EP 219 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.651.201 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BPH28 UT WOS:000278844900016 ER PT S AU Hill, SB Faradzhev, NS Richter, LJ Lucatorto, TB AF Hill, S. B. Faradzhev, N. S. Richter, L. J. Lucatorto, T. B. BE Fontaine, BML TI Complex species and pressure dependence of intensity scaling laws for contamination rates of EUV optics determined by XPS and ellipsometry SO EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET (EUV) LITHOGRAPHY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography CY FEB 22-25, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL); multilayer optics; TiO2; surface contamination; optics lifetime; hydrocarbon adsorption; carbon deposition; photochemistry ID LITHOGRAPHY; DESORPTION AB The goal of our ongoing optics-contamination program is to estimate the magnitude and scaling laws of the contamination rates of optics exposed to extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) radiation in the presence of various contaminant species expected in the EUV-lithography-tool environment by exposing samples to in-band 13.5 nm light from our synchrotron in the presence of fixed partial pressures of admitted gases. We report contamination rate measurements on TiO2-capped samples for species observed in separate resist-outgassing measurements (benzene, isobutene, toluene and tert-butylbenzene) in the pressure range (10(-8) to 10(-5)) Pa. We use two spatially-resolved surface probe techniques, spectroscopic ellipsometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, to determine the thickness of deposited carbon. The correlation and sensitivities of these techniques are discussed. The high sensitivity of ellipsometry shows that contamination rates for some species have a pronounced non-linear intensity dependence and can be strongly influenced by admixtures of water vapor, while the rates for other species are linear over the same intensity range and are less affected by ambient water. Understanding scaling laws is critical when estimating optic lifetimes or cleaning cycles by extrapolating over the 3-to-6 orders of magnitude between accelerated-testing and tool-environment partial pressures. C1 [Hill, S. B.; Richter, L. J.; Lucatorto, T. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hill, SB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shannon.hill@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8050-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7636 AR 76360E DI 10.1117/12.846849 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSU87 UT WOS:000285841400012 ER PT S AU Bhattacharyya, R Mandal, A Nandi, M AF Bhattacharyya, Rishiraj Mandal, Avradip Nandi, Mridul BE Hong, S Iwata, T TI Security Anallysis of the Mode of JH Hash Function SO FAST SOFTWARE ENCRYPTION SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption CY FEB 07-10, 2010 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Univ, CIST, Korea Inst Informat Secur & Cryptog, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Ellipsis, Korea Univ, LG CNS, Natl Inst Math Sci DE JH; SHA-3 candidate; Indifferentiability; chop-MD; random permutation ID MERKLE-DAMGARD; INDIFFERENTIABILITY; INDISTINGUISHABILITY; OPERATION AB Recently, NIST has selected 14 second round candidates of SHA3 competition. One of these candidates will win the competition and eventually become the new hash function standard. In TCC'04, Maurer et at introduced the notion of indifferentiability as a generalization of the concept of the indistinguishability of two systems. Indifferentiability is the appropriate notion of modeling a random oracle as well as a strong security criteria for a hash-design. In this paper we analyze the indifferentiability and preimage resistance of JH hash function which is one of the SHA3 second round candidates. JH uses a 2n bit fixed permutation based compression function and applies chopMD domain extension with specific padding. - We show under the assumption that the underlying permutations is a 2n-bit random permutation, JH mode of operation with output length 2n - s bits, is indifferentiable from a random oracle with distinguisher's advantage bounded by O(q(2)sigma/2(s) + q(3)/2(n)) where sigma is the total number of blocks queried by distinguisher. - We show that the padding rule used in JH is essential as there is a simple indifferentiablity distinguisher (with constant query complexity) against JH mode of operation without length padding outputting n bit digest. - We prove that a little modification (namely chopping different bits) of JH mode of operation enables us to construct a hash function based on random permutation (without any length padding) with similar bound of sponge constructions (with fixed output size) and with same efficiency. - On the other hand, we improve the preimage attack of query complexity 2(510.3) due to Mendel and Thompson. Using multicollisions in both forward and reverse direction, we show a preimage attack on JH with n = 512, s = 512 in 2(507) queries to the permutation. C1 [Bhattacharyya, Rishiraj] Indian Stat Inst, Kolkata, India. [Mandal, Avradip] Univ Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. [Nandi, Mridul] George Washington Univ, NIST, USA Comp Sci Dept, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Bhattacharyya, R (reprint author), Indian Stat Inst, Kolkata, India. EM rishi_r@isical.ac.in; avradip.mandal@uni.lu; mridul.nandi@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [CNS-0937267] FX Supported in part by the National Science Foundation, Grant CNS-0937267. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-13857-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6147 BP 168 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQL22 UT WOS:000281239500010 ER PT J AU Manzello, SL Hayashi, Y Yoneki, T Yamamoto, Y AF Manzello, Samuel L. Hayashi, Yoshihiko Yoneki, Takefumi Yamamoto, Yu TI Quantifying the vulnerabilities of ceramic tile roofing assemblies to ignition during a firebrand attack SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) fires; Ignition; Firebrands; Roofing ID HIGH WINDS; TRANSPORT; FLIGHT; TREES; FIRES AB An experimental campaign was conducted to investigate the vulnerabilities of ceramic tile roofing assemblies to ignition under a controlled firebrand attack using the NIST firebrand generator. The results of a parametric Study on the ignition propensity of ceramic tile roofing assemblies under a firebrand attack using the firebrand generator installed inside the Fire Research Wind Tunnel Facility (FRWTF) at the Building Research Institute in Tsukuba, Japan is presented. Over the range of parameters considered, ceramic tile roofing assemblies were found to be vulnerable to ignition during a firebrand attack. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Manzello, Samuel L.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hayashi, Yoshihiko] Bldg Res Inst, Dept Fire Engn, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 0305802, Japan. [Yoneki, Takefumi; Yamamoto, Yu] Tokyo Fire Dept, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1008119, Japan. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuelm@nist.gov FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); US Department of Homeland Security FX Dr. Samuel L. Manzello would like to acknowledge financial support from a fellowship from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and the Science & Technology Directorate of the US Department of Homeland Security. Mr. Alexander Maranghides and Dr. William 'Ruddy' Mell of BFRL-NIST are acknowledged for helpful discussion during the course of this work. Mr. Marco G. Fernandez, Engineering Technician of BFRL-NIST, is acknowledged for carefully preparing shipments of USA roofing materials to Japan. Mr. John R. Shields of BFRL-NIST is acknowledged for providing suggestions on the roof construction. Dr. Ichiro Hagiwara of BRI is acknowledged for his support of these experiments. The authors would like to acknowledge the reviewers for providing insightful suggestions to improve the quality of the paper. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2009.09.002 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 547FK UT WOS:000273871700005 ER PT J AU Manzello, SL Grosshandler, WL Mizukami, T AF Manzello, Samuel L. Grosshandler, William L. Mizukami, Tensei TI Furnace Testing of Full-Scale Gypsum Steel Stud Non-Load Bearing Wall Assemblies: Results of Multi-Laboratory Testing in Canada, Japan, and USA SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on SiF CY 2008 CL Nanyang Technol Univ, Singapore, SINGAPORE HO Nanyang Technol Univ DE fire resistance; full-scale testing; partition assemblies ID PERFORMANCE AB The present paper discusses the results of a multiple laboratory test program aimed at determining the consistency of large scale furnace testing. The North American Fire Testing Laboratories (NAFTL) consortium organized a multiple laboratory test program for ASTM E119-00 using a common structural element: a 1-h rated gypsum/steel-stud non-load bearing wall assembly. Walls were tested by six different organizations employing 10 different furnace facilities following the guidance provided in ASTM E119-00. In addition to NAFTL members conducting the tests, the program was expanded to include four testing laboratories in Japan; the Center for Better Living served as the organizer for the Japanese testing. Results obtained from these experiments are discussed. C1 [Manzello, Samuel L.; Grosshandler, William L.] NIST, BFRL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mizukami, Tensei] CBL, Tsukuba Bldg & Res & Testing Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, BFRL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuelm@nist.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 46 IS 1 BP 183 EP 200 DI 10.1007/s10694-009-0090-z PG 18 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 536GK UT WOS:000273032700012 ER PT J AU Petersen, CH Drake, PT Edwards, CA Ralston, S AF Petersen, Christine H. Drake, Patrick T. Edwards, Christopher A. Ralston, Stephen TI A numerical study of inferred rockfish (Sebastes spp.) larval dispersal along the central California coast SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE California; dispersal; drifters; hydrodynamic; Lagrangian; larval transport; marine reserve; ocean model; Regional Ocean Modeling System; rockfish; seasonality; upwelling ID PELAGIC JUVENILE ROCKFISHES; EASTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; MARINE RESERVES; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; DEPTH DISTRIBUTIONS; SOUTHERN BENGUELA; UPWELLING REGION; CURRENT SYSTEM; CIRCULATION AB Successful recruitment of marine fishes depends on survival during early life-history stages, which is influenced by oceanic advection due to its impact on coastal trophodynamics and transport processes. Here we evaluate the influence of ocean circulation on the dispersal of rockfish (Sebastes spp.) larvae along the central California coast using an implementation of the Regional Ocean Modeling System, driven at the surface by output from the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System. Thousands of floats simulating rockfish larval propagules, constrained to follow fixed depths, were released over a broad coastal area at 2-day intervals, and transported by simulated ocean currents at depths of 1, 7, 20, 40, and 70 m. Trajectory statistics are averaged across the 4-yr period from January 2000 through December 2003 to reveal mean trajectory direction, net displacement, fractional cross-shore loss, and duration of retention for different seasons. On average, near-surface propagules originating nearshore are transported offshore during the upwelling season, whereas deeper propagules move alongshore to the north. This vertical shear vanishes during winter, with most floats moving alongshore to the north, regardless of depth. After 35 days in the water column, typical transport distances were similar to 50 km for floats remaining nearshore and similar to 150 km for floats over the midshelf and slope. Implications for performance of marine reserves for rockfish conservation are discussed. Our results also provide evidence for a strong semiannual pattern of coastal retention rates, with high export of near-surface drifters during the upwelling season. In contrast, high rates of shelf retention occurred for releases at 20 m and deeper during summer, and at all depths during winter. C1 [Petersen, Christine H.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Petersen, Christine H.; Ralston, Stephen] NOAA, Fisheries SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Drake, Patrick T.; Edwards, Christopher A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Petersen, CH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM petersen@nceas.ucsb.edu FU NOAA [NA16OC2936]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX We are thankful to the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, which generously provided its mooring data. The WEST data was kindly provided by Dr Ed Dever of Oregon State University. We are grateful for many useful conversations with Dr M. Veneziani, and for helpful suggestions from reviewers. Christine H. Petersen gratefully acknowledges partial support from the Center of Marine Technologies (CIMT) through NOAA grant NA16OC2936. Patrick T. Drake was supported both through the CIMT program and through the Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans (PISCO). This is contribution number 336 from PISCO, funded primarily by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. NR 73 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2010 VL 19 IS 1 BP 21 EP 41 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2009.00526.x PG 21 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 530ES UT WOS:000272572400002 ER PT J AU Keller, AA Simon, V Chan, F Wakefield, WW Clarke, ME Barth, JA Kamikawa, D Fruh, EL AF Keller, Aimee A. Simon, Victor Chan, Francis Wakefield, W. W. Clarke, M. E. Barth, John A. Kamikawa, Dan Fruh, Erica L. TI Demersal fish and invertebrate biomass in relation to an offshore hypoxic zone along the US West Coast SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE benthic invertebrates; bottom dissolved oxygen; coastal Oregon; condition factors; demersal fish biomass; hypoxia; net mounted sensors; Northeast Pacific; species diversity ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; MICROSTOMUS-PACIFICUS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; DOVER SOLE; ECOSYSTEM; SHRIMP; WATER; CONSEQUENCES AB In August 2007, as part of the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) West Coast Groundfish Bottom Trawl Survey, we examined the biomass of demersal organisms in a known hypoxic area off the Oregon coast. Although observed each summer, the intensity of hypoxia has varied annually (2002-2007) with the greatest temporal and spatial extent noted in 2006. In 2007 we identified the geographic extent of the hypoxic zone and sampled 17 stations along two depth contours (50 and 70 m) within the area. A Sea-Bird SBE 19plus equipped with a dissolved oxygen (DO) sensor was attached to the bottom trawl to monitor oxygen concentration during each tow. Bottom DO concentrations at all stations were hypoxic with means along the tow tracts ranging from 0.43 to 1.27 mL L-1. Total catch per unit effort (ln CPUE, kg hectare-1) and species diversity (number of species, N) were significantly and positively related to oxygen concentration along the hypoxic gradient. In addition, CPUE (natural log-transformed) for eight fish species and five benthic invertebrate species were significantly and positively related to bottom oxygen concentration within the hypoxic region. Condition factors for five fish species, as well as Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) increased with increased bottom oxygen levels along the hypoxic gradient. Historical catch (2003-2006) within the hypoxic zone indicates that biomass was significantly lower in 2006, the year with the lowest bottom DO levels, relative to other years. C1 [Keller, Aimee A.; Simon, Victor; Clarke, M. E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Chan, Francis] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wakefield, W. W.; Kamikawa, Dan; Fruh, Erica L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Barth, John A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Keller, AA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM aimee.keller@noaa.gov FU federal Scientific Research Permit [SRP-02-2008]; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife [OR2008-13311] FX The authors are indebted to Captain Mike Retherford, Sr and the crew of the chartered F/V Excalibur for providing at-sea support. John Wallace and Dr Ian Stewart assisted with experimental design. We especially thank Curt Whitmire for preparing GIS charts as needed throughout the study and Beth Horness for data management. This research has been conducted in conjunction with federal Scientific Research Permit no. SRP-02-2008, and Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife permit no. OR2008-13311. NR 47 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2010 VL 19 IS 1 BP 76 EP 87 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2009.00529.x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 530ES UT WOS:000272572400005 ER PT J AU Bacheler, NM Ciannelli, L Bailey, KM Duffy-Anderson, JT AF Bacheler, Nathan M. Ciannelli, Lorenzo Bailey, Kevin M. Duffy-Anderson, Janet T. TI Spatial and temporal patterns of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) spawning in the eastern Bering Sea inferred from egg and larval distributions SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE drift; spawning; stock structure; Theragra chalcogramma; walleye pollock ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; WESTERN GULF; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT; ALASKA; ZOOPLANKTON; RECRUITMENT; ECOSYSTEM; JUVENILE AB Walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma (pollock hereafter) is a key ecological and economic species in the eastern Bering Sea, yet detailed synthesis of the spatial and temporal patterns of pollock ichthyoplankton in this important region is lacking. This knowledge gap is particularly severe considering that egg and larval distribution are essential to reconstructing spawning locations and early life stages drift pathways. We used 19 yr of ichthyoplankton collections to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of egg and larval distribution. Generalized additive models (GAMs) identified two primary temporal pulses of pollock eggs, the first occurring from 20 February to 31 March and the second from 20 April to 20 May; larvae showed similar, but slightly lagged, pulses. Based on generalized cross-validation and information theory, a GAM model that allowed for different seasonal patterns in egg density within three unique areas outperformed a GAM that assumed a single fixed seasonal pattern across the entire eastern Bering Sea. This 'area-dependent' GAM predicted the highest densities of eggs (i.e., potential spawning locations) in three major areas of the eastern Bering Sea: near Bogoslof Island (February-April), north of Unimak Island and the Alaska Peninsula (March-April), and around the Pribilof Islands (April-August). Unique temporal patterns of egg density were observed for each area, suggesting that pollock spawning may be more spatially and temporally complex than previously assumed. Moreover, this work provides a valuable baseline of pollock spawning to which future changes, such as those resulting from climate variability, may be compared. C1 [Bacheler, Nathan M.; Ciannelli, Lorenzo] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bailey, Kevin M.; Duffy-Anderson, Janet T.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Bacheler, NM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Green Bay, WI 54302 USA. EM bachelen@uwgb.edu FU BEST-BSIERP FX We sincerely thank the scientists and crew of all research vessels that participated in pollock ichthyoplankton cruises that were used in our analyses. We thank S. Barbeaux, V. Bartolino, and A. Hollowed for discussions about pollock ecology and modeling, M. Canino for discussions on population genetics, and T. Smart, M. Wilson, and J. Napp for comments on a previous draft. Funding for analysis was provided by the North Pacific Research Board. This paper is contribution EcoFOCI-0732 to NOAA's Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations, contribution No. 4 of the BEST-BSIERP research program, and contribution No. 231 for the North Pacific Research Board. NR 60 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2010 VL 19 IS 2 BP 107 EP 120 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2009.00531.x PG 14 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 574RQ UT WOS:000276010900002 ER PT J AU Lough, RG AF Lough, R. Gregory TI Juvenile cod (Gadus morhua) mortality and the importance of bottom sediment type to recruitment on Georges Bank SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic cod; bottom sediment; Georges Bank; juveniles; mortality; recruitment ID MARINE DEMERSAL FISH; AGE-0 ATLANTIC COD; PREDATION RISK; SCOTIAN SHELF; HABITAT USE; MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; SUBSTRATE SELECTION; HADDOCK; GROWTH AB The demersal settlement of pelagic juvenile fish has been considered a critical period in which the final adjustment is made to the size of a year class. Distribution patterns of pelagic and recently settled juvenile cod (Gadus morhua) were examined from nine surveys on Georges Bank during the summer over 5 years, 1984-1989, to relate juvenile survival to the sedimentary environment. Pelagic juveniles were widespread across Georges Bank in June, and by mid-July they occurred on all bottom types from sand to gravel on eastern Georges Bank. However, by late July-early August they were mostly abundant on the northeastern edge gravel deposit, which with its complex relief, provides abundant prey and refuge from predators. A bank-wide estimate of pelagic juvenile abundance in 1986 and 1987 was used to assess mortality of the recently settled juveniles and to evaluate the relative importance of survivors from the northeastern edge gravel area to recruitment of the Georges Bank population. Settlement mortality rates over 1-2 months on the northeastern gravel area ranged from 3 to 8% day-1, which compared reasonably with other studies. The seasonal abundance of the pelagic juveniles was almost an order of magnitude higher in 1987 than 1986; however, recruitment at age 1 was similar, indicating that a high mortality of the demersal juveniles occurred in 1987. The limited northeastern gravel area on Georges Bank may represent a survival bottleneck depending on the variability in the distribution and abundance of juvenile cod settlement in relation to that of their predators. C1 NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lough, RG (reprint author), NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Gregory.Lough@noaa.gov NR 78 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2010 VL 19 IS 2 BP 159 EP 181 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2010.00535.x PG 23 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 574RQ UT WOS:000276010900006 ER PT J AU Logerwell, EA Duffy-Anderson, J Wilson, M McKelvey, D AF Logerwell, Elizabeth A. Duffy-Anderson, Janet Wilson, Matthew McKelvey, Denise TI The influence of pelagic habitat selection and interspecific competition on productivity of juvenile walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and capelin (Mallotus villosus) in the Gulf of Alaska SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE capelin; fisheries acoustics; foraging; growth; Gulf of Alaska; interspecific competition; Mallotus villosus; oceanography; pollock; Theragra chalcogramma ID CROSS-SHELF DISTRIBUTION; HERRING CLUPEA-PALLASI; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; NORTHERN GULF; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; FEEDING ECOLOGY; WESTERN GULF; BARENTS SEA; BERING-SEA AB Here we investigate processes affecting productivity of capelin and walleye pollock in the Gulf of Alaska. We examine pelagic habitat selection by comparing the distribution of juvenile fish and their prey with oceanographic properties and we evaluate the potential for interspecific competition by comparing diets and measures of foraging. The primary field study was conducted in Barnabus Trough, Kodiak Island, Alaska, during September 2005. The distribution of fish was assessed acoustically and trawls were used to collect individual fish for stomach content analyses. Physical and biological data were collected with conductivity-temperature-depth probes and zooplankton tows. Age-0 pollock were distributed in cool waters offshore of a mid-trough front, coincident with the distribution of euphausiids, their preferred prey. In contrast, capelin and their prey (copepods) were distributed throughout the trough. We observed that sympatric capelin (occurring with pollock) often had reduced foraging success compared to allopatric capelin (occurring alone). Results of a bioenergetic model also suggest that the exclusion of capelin from foraging on euphausiids can have negative consequences for capelin growth. C1 [Logerwell, Elizabeth A.; Duffy-Anderson, Janet; Wilson, Matthew; McKelvey, Denise] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Logerwell, EA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Libby.Logerwell@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board [F0524]; NOAA [EcoFOCI-0692] FX This project was supported by the North Pacific Research Board (#F0524). Fish stomach contents were analyzed in the laboratory by Christina Jump and Richard Hibpshman. Zooplankton data were verified by Colleen Harpold. The science crew during the 2005 cruise was Annette Dougherty, Jennifer Lanksbury, Melissa McKay, Frank Morado, Steve Porter and Bill Rugen. Thanks to Ben Laurel, Troy Buckley, Pat Livingston and two anonymous reviewers for suggested revisions to the paper. Finally, this project would not have been possible without the dedication of the captain and crew of the NOAA ship Miller Freeman. This research is contribution EcoFOCI-0692 to NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations Program. NR 59 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 BP 262 EP 278 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2010.00542.x PG 17 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 608EQ UT WOS:000278565900002 ER PT J AU Craig, JK Gillikin, PC Magelnicki, MA May, LN AF Craig, J. K. Gillikin, P. C. Magelnicki, M. A. May, L. N. TI Habitat use of cownose rays (Rhinoptera bonasus) in a highly productive, hypoxic continental shelf ecosystem SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE cownose ray; eutrophication; Gulf of Mexico; habitat selection; habitat use; hypoxia; Mississippi River; scale-dependent; spatial distribution ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; TROPHIC DYNAMICS; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS; PROGRESSIVE HYPOXIA; SEASONAL HYPOXIA AB Highly productive surface waters and hypoxic (dissolved oxygen, DO < 2.0 mg L-1) bottom waters develop seasonally on the northwestern Gulf of Mexico continental shelf due to nutrient and freshwater inputs from the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River system. We investigated the spatial distribution of the cownose ray (Rhinoptera bonasus), a highly mobile, bentho-pelagic species that is a seasonal resident of the shelf, in relation to surface chlorophyll, bottom-water hypoxia, and other environmental variables (salinity, temperature, depth). We used synoptic trawl and aerial surveys to investigate ray distributions at both shelfwide (100-1000s km) and local (5-50 km) spatial scales. Shelfwide sampling indicated that rays were associated with regions of high surface chlorophyll and low bottom salinity and DO, conditions characterizing the Mississippi-Atchafalaya plume region. Local sampling in and around the hypoxic zone indicated that rays preferred habitats where bottom waters were hypoxic but they primarily occupied normoxic (DO > 2.0 mg L-1) waters above the bottom hypoxic layer. Stomach fullness and diet composition were similar between rays sampled in habitats with hypoxic versus normoxic bottom waters. These results indicate that cownose rays are strongly associated with riverine-influenced regions of the shelf and preferentially use habitats with hypoxic bottom waters, perhaps for benthic foraging. Collectively, our results highlight the importance of considering the responses of mobile species to enhanced productivity and to hypoxia-induced habitat degradation, which are both the products of coastal eutrophication. C1 [Craig, J. K.] Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Coastal & Marine Lab, St Teresa, FL 32358 USA. [Gillikin, P. C.; Magelnicki, M. A.] Duke Ctr Marine Conservat, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [May, L. N.] NOAA NMFS, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Craig, JK (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Coastal & Marine Lab, 3618 Highway 98, St Teresa, FL 32358 USA. EM kevin.craig@bio.fsu.edu FU Duke University Marine Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research [NA05NOS4781197, NA03NOS4780040] FX We thank the crew of the R/V Tommy Munro, the R/V Texas Longhorn and numerous technicians and volunteers for help in conducting the research cruises, in particular S. Keller and Z. Tait. We thank S. Bosman for processing ray stomachs. We thank the National Marine Fisheries Service Pascagoula lab, in particular T. Henwood, B. Pellegrin, M. McDuff and S. Nichols, for access to gear and to the SEAMAP database. We thank L. Crowder and the Duke University Marine Laboratory for support throughout this project. Financial support for this project was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research under award #NA05NOS4781197 and #NA03NOS4780040. This is NGOMEX publication number 112. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. NR 79 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 BP 301 EP 317 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2010.00545.x PG 17 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 608EQ UT WOS:000278565900005 ER PT J AU Sohn, D Ciannelli, L Duffy-Anderson, JT AF Sohn, D. Ciannelli, L. Duffy-Anderson, J. T. TI Distribution and drift pathways of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) during early life stages in the eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE age-1 fish; Bering Sea; early life stages; flexion; postflexion larvae; Greenland halibut; newly settled juveniles; preflexion larvae; spatial distribution; transport pathways ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; SHELF-EDGE; TRANSPORT; FLATFISH; CIRCULATION; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS AB We describe the spatial distribution and dispersal pathways of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) early life stages based on historical field data from the eastern Bering Sea and adjacent water along the eastern Aleutian Islands. Our results indicate that Greenland halibut from preflexion larvae to newly settled juveniles have a long pelagic duration and are subject to extended drift pathways. Hatching may occur in deep water, below 530 m, and larvae rise in the water column as they grow. Flexion/postflexion larvae are mostly found around the Pribilof Islands over the middle shelf (50-100-m isobaths) in July, and settling occurs during late summer on the middle shelf near St. Matthew Island. However, given that age-1 individuals were primarily found on the outer shelf, it appears that Greenland halibut actively move to deeper water with age (or size). The mechanisms of slope-shelf connectivity in preflexion larvae may be related to the Bering Slope Current in the vicinity of both Bering and Pribilof Canyons. This study shows that Greenland halibut early life stages have extensive horizontal ontogenetic migrations in the Bering Sea, and utilize a range of geographic areas over the basin and slope along the Aleutian Islands and in the eastern Bering Sea. Based on these results, it is hypothesized that settlement success and recruitment of Greenland halibut may be influenced by variability in currents and flows of the Bering Sea slope and shelf during their transport. C1 [Sohn, D.; Ciannelli, L.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Duffy-Anderson, J. T.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Sohn, D (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dsohn@coas.oregonstate.edu FU North Pacific Research Board [619]; NPCREP FX We thank K. Bailey, A. Matarese, D. Blood, J. Ianelli, J. Napp, N. Bacheler, and D. Reese and two anonymous reviewers for discussion and comments on the manuscript. We would like to thank the officers and crew of the NOAA Ship Miller Freeman. This research is contribution EcoFOCI-N690 to NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity (NPCREP) research program. Funding for this research was provided by the North Pacific Research Board, Project 619 and by NPCREP. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2010 VL 19 IS 5 BP 339 EP 353 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2010.00549.x PG 15 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 635KC UT WOS:000280653000002 ER PT J AU Liu, H Peterson, WT AF Liu, Hui Peterson, William T. TI Seasonal and inter-annual variations in the abundance and biomass of Neocalanus plumchrus in continental slope waters off Oregon SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE California current; climate variability; copepod abundance; Neocalanus plumchrus ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; LIFE-HISTORIES; STENOBRACHIUS-LEUCOPSARUS; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES; VERTICAL MIGRATION; ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA AB Seasonal and inter-annual variability in the abundance and biomass of copepodid stages of the sub-arctic oceanic copepod, Neocalanus plumchrus, was studied during the January-May growth season, using an 11-yr time series of zooplankton samples collected over the upper 100 m of the water column. Abundance and biomass peaks occur in March/April. Abundance and biomass of N. plumchrus were significantly negatively correlated with sea surface temperature and significantly positively correlated with sea surface chlorophyll a, salinity, and density above the pycnocline. The seasonal integrated abundance and biomass of N. plumchrus declined during the warm years (2003-05), and increased during the cold years (2006-08). The date when 50% of the population had passed through stage C5 was significantly negatively correlated with temperature - earlier in warm years and later in cold years. In 3 yr (2003, 2007 and 2008), a second cohort appeared in mid-May, as indicated by the presence of stages C1 and C2 in the samples. Unusually high abundances of N. plumchrus in the spring of 2007 and 2008 were associated with cool ocean temperatures and an early spring transition in the NCC ecosystem, suggesting that the NCC ecosystem has returned to a cold phase. We discuss the merits of a hypothesis that the N. plumchrus population observed off Oregon is a local population as opposed to one that is expatriated from the Gulf of Alaska. C1 [Liu, Hui] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Peterson, William T.] NOAA, NMFS, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Liu, H (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM hliu@mercury.wh.whoi.edu FU NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration); National Science Foundation FX We thank all scientists who have contributed to the data collection during the past 11 yr, especially Leah Feinberg, Tracy Shaw, Julie Keister, Rian Hooff, Jennifer Menkel, Jay Peterson, Hongsheng Bi, Cheryl Morgan, and Jesse Lamb, as well as the crew of RV Sacajawea, RV Elakha, RV Wecoma, RV New Horizon, RV Sproul, NOAA Ships McArthur II and Miller Freeman. Data collection was supported by US GLOBEC and NOAA-SAIP. The completion of this research was supported by the NOAA Endangered Species Act-Biological Opinion Program. This is contribution number 648 of the US GLOBEC program, jointly funded by the National Science Foundation and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2010 VL 19 IS 5 BP 354 EP 369 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2010.00550.x PG 16 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 635KC UT WOS:000280653000003 ER PT J AU Nelson, GA Armstrong, MP Stritzel-Thomson, J Friedland, KD AF Nelson, Gary A. Armstrong, Michael P. Stritzel-Thomson, Jennifer Friedland, Kevin D. TI Thermal habitat of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in coastal waters of northern Massachusetts, USA, during summer SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE environmental influences; Morone saxatilis; temperature selection ID DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; ATLANTIC SALMON; TEMPERATURE; RIVER; MOVEMENTS; PREDATOR; QUALITY; PREY AB Striped bass, Morone saxatilis, were captured and released with temperature-measuring data storage tags in Salem Sound, Massachusetts, to collect data on their thermal preferences in coastal and marine waters and to identify environmental factors that may influence temperatures experienced during their summer residence. Striped bass recaptured during summer of 2006 (21 of 151 releases) experienced a wide range of temperatures (6.5-28.0 degrees C) while at-large for 1-53 days. Overall mean temperature and standard deviation selected by striped bass recaptured in Salem Sound during the longest commonly-shared duration of time (3-12 July) were 17.8 and 3.57 degrees C, respectively. Comparison of temperature data between fish and 13 vertical arrays in Salem Sound revealed that striped bass experienced higher and more variable temperatures, and that daily changes in temperature actually experienced were unrelated to daily changes in surrounding ambient temperature. Regular cyclical changes in temperature of all striped bass and vertical arrays were identified as influences of the local tide, which contributed about a 2 degrees C change in temperature, on average, over the complete cycle. Most striped bass appeared to limit their activities to depths shallower than the lower limit of the thermocline, above which temperatures generally exceed 9.0 degrees C in Salem Sound. Therefore, it is likely that the vertical distribution of striped bass is restricted by the low temperatures below this depth. An implication of this finding is that the spatial distribution of striped bass may be defined coarsely by knowledge of the distribution of temperature in coastal areas. C1 [Nelson, Gary A.; Armstrong, Michael P.; Stritzel-Thomson, Jennifer] Massachusetts Div Marine Fisheries, Annisquam River Marine Fisheries Field Stn, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. [Friedland, Kevin D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Nelson, GA (reprint author), Massachusetts Div Marine Fisheries, Annisquam River Marine Fisheries Field Stn, 30 Emerson Ave, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. EM gary.nelson@state.ma.us FU USFWS [F-57-R] FX Funding for this study was provided by the USFWS Sportfish Restoration Program Grant F-57-R. We thank the recreational and commercial anglers who returned data storage tags. Micah Dean, William Hoffman, Stephanie Cunningham, Daniel Salerno, Bradford Chase, Matthew Ayer, JA MacFarlan, Kimberly Lundy, Thomas Hoopes, David Roach, Shannon Davis, Mark Rousseau, Tay Evans, Scott Elzey, Story Reed, Erin Burke, and Florence Pettengill assisted with sampling. Dr. Michael Sutherland of the University of Massachusetts-Amherst provided statistical advice. Steven Nelson of Nelson-Associates donated a Linux computer to run the spectral analysis software. C. Endicott and S. Griffin provided encouragement throughout the writing process. Comments by Micah Dean and two anonymous reviewers improved the quality of the manuscript. This is Contribution No. 29 of the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2010 VL 19 IS 5 BP 370 EP 381 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2010.00551.x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 635KC UT WOS:000280653000004 ER PT J AU Hazen, EL Johnston, DW AF Hazen, Elliott L. Johnston, David W. TI Meridional patterns in the deep scattering layers and top predator distribution in the central equatorial Pacific SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE acoustics; deep scattering layer; equatorial Pacific; marine mammal; oceanography ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; FINNED PILOT WHALES; STOMACH CONTENTS; OCEAN; TUNA; ZOOPLANKTON; MICRONEKTON; STENELLA; ISLANDS; HAWAII AB The deep scattering layers (DSL) in the central equatorial Pacific form an important prey resource in a relatively oligotrophic habitat. In March of 2006, we used a calibrated 38-kHz SIMRAD EK60 scientific sonar to assess the spatial distribution of the deep scattering layer relative to broad-scale oceanographic features and fine-scale physical and biological measurements. We conducted a single continuous transect from approximately 10 degrees S to 20 degrees N at 170 degrees W while measuring acoustic backscatter, current velocity and direction, temperature, salinity, oxygen, and fluorescence with depth, coincident with marine mammal occurrence. These data were combined with remotely sensed sea surface height, chlorophyll, and sea surface temperature data to examine patterns in DSL distribution. To analyze DSL density with depth, acoustic backscatter was binned into surface (< 200 m), mid (200-550 m) and deep (550-1000 m) layers. Backscatter was highly correlated with chlorophyll-a and low sea surface height anomalies and was greatest near the equator. We found high diel variability in DSL depth and scattering intensity between the mid and surface layers as well as a shallowing of the deep layer moving northward across the equator. Marine mammal sightings consisted primarily of odontocetes with their distribution coincident with higher acoustic densities of their forage base. Shifts in DSL distribution and scattering intensity are an important component towards understanding the behavior and distribution of highly migratory predator species. C1 [Hazen, Elliott L.; Johnston, David W.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Hazen, Elliott L.] NOAA, SWFSC Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Hazen, EL (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Nicholas Sch Environm, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM elliott.hazen@noaa.gov RI Hazen, Elliott/G-4149-2014 OI Hazen, Elliott/0000-0002-0412-7178 NR 26 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2010 VL 19 IS 6 BP 427 EP 433 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2010.00561.x PG 7 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 665ZA UT WOS:000283075500001 ER PT J AU Prince, ED Luo, JG Goodyear, CP Hoolihan, JP Snodgrass, D Orbesen, ES Serafy, JE Ortiz, M Schirripa, MJ AF Prince, Eric D. Luo, Jiangang Goodyear, C. Phillip Hoolihan, John P. Snodgrass, Derke Orbesen, Eric S. Serafy, Joseph E. Ortiz, Mauricio Schirripa, Michael J. TI Ocean scale hypoxia-based habitat compression of Atlantic istiophorid billfishes SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic hypoxia-based habitat compression; climate change; global warming; oxygen minimum zones; tropical pelagic fishes ID SKIPJACK TUNA; KATSUWONUS-PELAMIS; PLATYPTERUS; DEPTH; PERFORMANCE; INDEXES; FISHES; RATES; HOOK; GEAR AB Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) below near-surface optimums in the eastern tropical seas are among the largest contiguous areas of naturally occurring hypoxia in the world oceans, and are predicted to expand and shoal with global warming. In the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP), the surface mixed layer is defined by a shallow thermocline above a barrier of cold hypoxic water, where dissolved oxygen levels are < 3.5 mL L-1. This thermocline (similar to 25-50 m) constitutes a lower hypoxic habitat boundary for high oxygen demand tropical pelagic billfish and tunas (i.e., habitat compression). To evaluate similar oceanographic conditions found in the eastern tropical Atlantic (ETA), we compared vertical habitat use of 32 sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) and 47 blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) monitored with pop-up satellite archival tags in the ETA and western North Atlantic (WNA). Both species spent significantly greater proportions of their time in near-surface waters when inside the ETA than when in the WNA. We contend that the near-surface density of billfish and tunas increases as a consequence of the ETA OMZ, therefore increasing their vulnerability to overexploitation by surface gears. Because the ETA OMZ encompasses nearly all Atlantic equatorial waters, the potential impacts of overexploitation are a concern. Considering the obvious differences in catchability inside and outside the compression zones, it seems essential to standardize these catch rates separately to minimize inaccuracies in stock assessments for these species. This is especially true in light of global warming, which will likely exacerbate future compression impacts. C1 [Prince, Eric D.; Hoolihan, John P.; Snodgrass, Derke; Orbesen, Eric S.; Serafy, Joseph E.; Ortiz, Mauricio; Schirripa, Michael J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Luo, Jiangang] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Prince, ED (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM eric.prince@noaa.gov RI Orbesen, Eric/D-2220-2012 FU Adopt-A-Billfish Program FX We are indebted to the many fishery constituents who provided financial and logistical support through our Adopt-A-Billfish Program. This was essential in purchasing PSAT tags as well as in deployment of tags within the study areas. Drs. Brian Luckhurst and Russell Nelson assisted in deployment of many of the PSATs. We thank Dr. Andrew Bakun for his expert advice on oceanography, especially the processes that led to the development of oxygen minimum zones, as well as Dr. Michael Prager for his comments on the draft manuscript. Lastly, we thank Ellen Peel of The Billfish Foundation (TBF), as well as the TBF board of directors, particularly Mr. Richard Andrews, who so enthusiastically supported the study and field operations. TBF also supported part of C. P. Goodyear's contribution to the work. NR 47 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2010 VL 19 IS 6 BP 448 EP 462 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2010.00556.x PG 15 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 665ZA UT WOS:000283075500003 ER PT J AU Atwood, E Duffy-Anderson, JT Horne, JK Ladd, C AF Atwood, Elizabeth Duffy-Anderson, Janet T. Horne, John K. Ladd, Carol TI Influence of mesoscale eddies on ichthyoplankton assemblages in the Gulf of Alaska SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE assemblage; cross-shelf water exchange; eddy; Gulf of Alaska; ichthyoplankton abundance; species diversity; transport ID WARM-CORE RING; LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; NORTH PACIFIC EDDY; SOUTH CHINA SEA; HAIDA EDDIES; BETA-DIVERSITY; COASTAL ORIGIN; INDIAN-OCEAN; ZOOPLANKTON DISTRIBUTION; OCEANOGRAPHIC FEATURES AB Mesoscale eddies (100-200 km in diameter) propagating along the shelf-break in the Gulf of Alaska are ubiquitous and have been shown to influence the ecosystem, but their influence on ichthyoplankton species composition and diversity has not been described. Evidence for larval fish entrainment in these eddies was examined using data from a cruise in 2005 that sampled three eastern Gulf of Alaska mesoscale eddies, and sampling that compared shelf to slope ichthyoplankton assemblages in the northern Gulf of Alaska (2002-2004). Hierarchical cluster analysis of oceanographic data showed that stations grouped according to location within an eddy. Species hierarchical cluster analysis revealed a latitudinal turnover in species composition, and an abundant species group. Species richness was correlated with distance from eddy center (P = 0.00025), and assemblages within eddies were significantly different (P < 0.05) from those in surrounding basin and shelf waters. These results suggest that mesoscale eddies propagating along the continental shelf-break influence larval fish assemblages over the shelf and slope, which has implications for the timing and extent of larval fish distribution in the Gulf of Alaska. C1 [Atwood, Elizabeth; Horne, John K.] Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Duffy-Anderson, Janet T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ladd, Carol] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Atwood, E (reprint author), Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020,1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM eatwood@u.washington.edu RI Ladd, Carol/M-6159-2014 OI Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X FU CNES; North Pacific Research Board; Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX We would like to thank to Dr Josh Lawler for feedback during the completion of this research. Dr Julian Olden, Kathryn Mier, and members of the Quantitative Ecology and Resource Management department provided valuable advice on the statistical analysis. Dr Ann Matarese and members of the Fisheries Acoustic Research lab provided guidance and support on biological interpretations. We thank Dan Cooper, Jeff Napp, and Kevin Bailey for comments on an early version of the manuscript, and three anonymous reviewers who helped improve the manuscript. We would also like to thank the crews aboard the R/V Thomas G. Thompson, R/V Alpha Helix, R/V Kilo Moana, R/V Maurice Ewing and Chief Scientist Dr Nancy Kachel for data collection. The altimeter products were produced by SSALTO/DUACS and distributed by AVISO with support from CNES. This research was supported by a North Pacific Research Board student award (E.A.) and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. This is contribution #242 to the North Pacific Research Board, contribution Eco FOCI-G725 to Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations, and contribution #3417 to the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. NR 69 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2010 VL 19 IS 6 BP 493 EP 507 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2010.00559.x PG 15 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 665ZA UT WOS:000283075500006 ER PT J AU Peterson, WT Morgan, CA Fisher, JP Casillas, E AF Peterson, William T. Morgan, Cheryl A. Fisher, Joseph P. Casillas, Edmundo TI Ocean distribution and habitat associations of yearling coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Chinook (O-tshawytscha) salmon in the northern California Current SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; coho salmon; northern California Current; patchiness; pelagic habitat ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; JUVENILE SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; COASTAL OCEAN; OREGON COAST; RIVER PLUME; WASHINGTON; SUMMER; GROWTH AB Yearling juvenile coho and Chinook salmon were sampled on 28 cruises in June and September 1981-85 and 1998-07 in continental shelf and oceanic waters off the Pacific Northwest. Oceanographic variables measured included temperature, salinity, water depth, and chlorophyll concentration (all cruises) and copepod biomass during the cruises from 1998-07. Juvenile salmonids were found almost exclusively in continental shelf waters, and showed a patchy distribution: half were collected in similar to 5% of the collections and none were collected in similar to 40% of the collections. Variance-to-mean ratios of the catches were high, also indicating patchy spatial distributions for both species. The salmon were most abundant in the vicinity of the Columbia River and the Washington coast in June; by September, both were less abundant, although still found mainly off Washington. In June, the geographic center-of-mass of the distribution for each species was located off Grays Harbor, WA, near the northern end of our sampling grid, but in September, it shifted southward and inshore. Coho salmon ranged further offshore than Chinook salmon: in June, the average median depth where they were caught was 85.6 and 55.0 m, respectively, and in September it was 65.5 and 43.7 m, respectively. Abundances of both species were significantly correlated with water depth (negatively), chlorophyll (positively) and copepod biomass (positively). Abundances of yearling Chinook salmon, but not of yearling coho salmon, were correlated with temperature (negatively). We discuss the potential role of coastal upwelling, submarine canyons and krill in determining the spatial distributions of the salmon. C1 [Peterson, William T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97370 USA. [Morgan, Cheryl A.] Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97370 USA. [Fisher, Joseph P.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Casillas, Edmundo] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Peterson, WT (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97370 USA. EM bill.peterson@noaa.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration FX This research was supported by the Bonneville Power Administration and we are grateful for their continued support of our work. We are particularly thankful to the skippers and crew members of chartered fishing vessels (Fishing Vessels Sea Eagle, Frosti, Ocean Harvester, Pacific Fury, Piky, Predator, and Snowdrift) and the Canadian research ship, R/V Ricker. Many thanks to all of those volunteers who helped out on our cruises, including Brian Beckman, Paul Bentley, Ric Brodeur, Elizabeth Daly, Alex DeRobertis, Troy Guy, Jesse Lamb, Bill Pearcy, Todd Sandell, Robert Schabetsberger, Laurie Weitkamp, Jen Zamon, and many others. Special thanks to Cindy Bucher and Robert Emmett and to Susan Hinton, cruise mom. Discussions with Barbara Hickey as part of WTPs involvement with the NSF/Coastal Ocean Processes/RISE program (Riverine Influences on Shelf Ecosystems - OCE0239107) helped clarify thoughts on the role that canyons might play with regards to krill and salmon ecology. We would also like to thank Bob Emmett, Hongsheng Bi, Brian Beckman, and Bill Pearcy for their comments on the manuscript. NR 53 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2010 VL 19 IS 6 BP 508 EP 525 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2010.00560.x PG 18 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 665ZA UT WOS:000283075500007 ER PT J AU Muhling, BA Lamkin, JT Roffer, MA AF Muhling, Barbara A. Lamkin, John T. Roffer, Mitchell A. TI Predicting the occurrence of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) larvae in the northern Gulf of Mexico: building a classification model from archival data SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE bluefin tuna; Gulf of Mexico; habitat modeling ID LOOP CURRENT; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; SOUTHERN BLUEFIN; BREEDING GROUNDS; THERMAL BIOLOGY; INDIAN-OCEAN; TEMPERATURE; SATELLITE; FISH; SEA AB Although bluefin tuna are found throughout the Atlantic Ocean, spawning in the western Atlantic has been recorded predominantly in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) in spring. Larval bluefin tuna abundances from the northern GOM are formulated into an index used to tune the adult stock assessment, and the variability of this index is currently high. This study investigated whether some of the variability in larval bluefin tuna abundances was related to environmental conditions, by defining associations between larval bluefin tuna catch locations, and a suite of environmental variables. We hypothesized that certain habitat types, as defined by environmental variables, would be more likely to contain bluefin tuna larvae. Favorable habitat for bluefin tuna larvae was defined using a classification tree approach. Habitat within the Loop Current was generally less favorable, as were warm-core rings, and cooler waters on the continental shelf. The location and size of favorable habitat was highly variable among years, which was reflected in the locations of larval bluefin tuna catches. The model successfully placed bluefin tuna larvae in favorable habitat with nearly 90% accuracy, but many negative stations were also located within theoretically favorable habitat. The probability of collecting larval bluefin tuna in favorable habitat was nearly twice the probability of collecting bluefin tuna larvae across all habitats (35.5 versus 21.0%). This model is a useful addition to knowledge of larval bluefin tuna distributions; however, the incorporation of variables describing finer-scale features, such as thermal fronts, may significantly improve the model's predictive power. C1 [Muhling, Barbara A.; Lamkin, John T.] NOAA, NMFS, SEFSC, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Roffer, Mitchell A.] Roffers Ocean Fishing Forecasting Serv Inc, W Melbourne, FL 32904 USA. RP Muhling, BA (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, SEFSC, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Barbara.Muhling@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service; National Research Council FX The authors would like to thank W. J. Richards and A. Bakun for help on the original proposal for this work, suggestions and helpful comments, and sample identification. We also wish to thank staff at the NOAA-National Marine Fisheries Service Pascagoula laboratory for valuable assistance with data collection and provision, including W. Ingram, J. Lyczkowski-Schultz, K. Williams, D. Drass, D. Hanisko and G. Zapfe. We thank all staff at the Polish Plankton Sorting and Identification Center in Szczecin, Poland, including M. Konieczna and L. Ejsymont. We also extend our gratitude to all the captains and crew of all the NOAA ships who collected data on the SEAMAP cruises. This work was funded by the Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program within the National Marine Fisheries Service, and the National Research Council. NR 62 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2010 VL 19 IS 6 BP 526 EP 539 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2010.00562.x PG 14 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 665ZA UT WOS:000283075500008 ER PT J AU Chilton, EA AF Chilton, Elizabeth A. TI Maturity and growth of female dusky rockfish (Sebastes variabilis) in the central Gulf of Alaska SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GENUS SEBASTES; PACIFIC-OCEAN; REPRODUCTION AB The dusky rockfish (Sebastes variabilis) has recently been resurrected as a distinct species in the genus Sebastes. Reproductive biology and growth were examined for this redescribed species in the central Gulf of Alaska. Age and length at 50% maturity were 9.2 years and 365 mm fork length, respectively, which are lower than previously reported. Fertilized ova and eyed embryos were observed in April and evidence of postparturition was not observed until May. The gonadosomatic index decreased with the onset of postparturition in May. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters for female dusky rockfish, estimated from the maturity samples, were significantly different from growth parameters derived from Gulf of Alaska fishery-independent survey data. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak Lab, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Chilton, EA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak Lab, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM elizabeth.chilton@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 108 IS 1 BP 70 EP 78 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 550OM UT WOS:000274137400007 ER PT J AU Gerard, T Muhling, B AF Gerard, Trika Muhling, Barbara TI Variation in the isotopic signatures of juvenile gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) from five southern Florida regions SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; FISH OTOLITHS; SALINITY; TEMPERATURE; CHEMISTRY; RATIOS; RECORD; WATERS AB Measurements of (18)O/(16)O and (13)C/(12)C ratios in the carbonate of juvenile gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) sagittal otoliths collected during 2001-2005 from different southern Florida regions indicated significant variations in the ratios between Florida Bay and surrounding areas. Annual differences in isotopic composition were also observed. Classification accuracy of individual otoliths to a region averaged 80% (63% to 96%), thereby enabling the probability of assigning an unknown individual to the appropriate juvenile nursery habitat. Identification of isotopic signatures in the otoliths of gray snapper from Florida Bay and adjacent ecosystems may be important for distinguishing specific portions of the bay that are crucial nursery grounds for juveniles. Separation of gray snapper between geographic regions and nursery sites is possible and has the potential to establish a link between adult gray snapper present on offshore reefs and larvae and juveniles at nursery habitats in Florida Bay or adjacent areas. C1 [Gerard, Trika; Muhling, Barbara] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Gerard, T (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM trika.gerard@noaa.gov FU South Florida Science Program; NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; NOAA Educational Partnership Program FX We thank all within NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Early Life History Unit for their assistance collecting samples and P. Swart and A. Saied of the University of Miami, Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, for their assistance with stable isotope analysis. I especially thank D. Jones for doing the initial statistical analysis and M. Lara for improving this project. The constructive comments of J. Bohnsack, J. Lamkin, and W. Richards were helpful in revising this manuscript. This study was funded in part by the South Florida Science Program, NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, and NOAA Educational Partnership Program. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 108 IS 1 BP 98 EP 105 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 550OM UT WOS:000274137400010 ER PT S AU Huang, PH AF Huang, Peter H. BE Williams, MC Krist, K Garland, N TI Transport Properties of Hydrogen-Water Vapor Mixture in Fuel Cell Systems SO FUEL CELL SEMINAR 2009 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fuel Cell Seminar and Exposition CY NOV 16-20, 2009 CL Palm Springs, CA AB Knowledge of the transport property of viscosity and thermal conductivity of a hydrogen-water vapor mixture is very important in solving today's engineering problems in fuel cell applications. The properties may be conveniently represented as a function of the quantity of moisture by weight in grams of water per kilogram of dry hydrogen. Values of viscosity and thermal conductivity are calculated for constant pressures of 0.1 MPa, 0.5 MPa and 1 MPa, respectively, on the basis of the equations of state of real gases in the temperature range from 340 K to 500 K and in the range of water vapor concentrations from 10 g H2O/kg dry hydrogen to 10(5) g H2O/kg dry hydrogen. Useful information obtained indicates that accurate humidity measurements and control are required for the thermal conductivity decreases significantly at a temperature above 120 degrees C and a pressure above 0.1 MPa as water vapor concentration increases. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Huang, PH (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-166-3 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 167 EP 177 DI 10.1149/1.3428987 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BDI60 UT WOS:000313482800016 ER PT J AU Bergfelt, DR Steinetz, BG Dunn, JL Atkinson, S Testa, JW Adams, GP AF Bergfelt, Don R. Steinetz, Bernard G. Dunn, J. Lawrence Atkinson, Shannon Testa, J. Ward Adams, Gregg P. TI Validation of a homologous canine relaxin radioimmunoassay and application with pregnant and non-pregnant Northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus); Relaxin; Radioimmunoassay; Pregnancy ID SECRETION; PROGESTERONE; SERUM; CYCLE; IMPLANTATION; HORMONE; PATTERN; EMBRYO; MARKER; URINE AB The primary objectives of this study were to validate a canine relaxin RIA for use in otariids and phocids and consider practical applications. For 6 captive Northern fur seal females, serum samples were grouped and examined according to pregnancy (n = 13), post-partum (n = 8) and non-pregnancy (n = 6), and, for 2 captive Northern fur seal males, serum samples were grouped and examined together regardless of age (2 mo-15 yrs, n = 6). Placental tissue was available for examination from one Northern fur seal, Steller sea lion and harbor seal. The validation process involved several steps using an acid-acetone extraction process to isolate a relaxin-containing fraction in pools of serum from each group of fur seals and placental tissue from each seal species. A relaxin-like substance was detected in extracts of pregnant, non-pregnant and male serum and placental tissue in a dose-responsive manner as increasing volumes of respective extracts or amounts of canine relaxin were introduced into the assay. In raw serum samples, mean immuno-reactive relaxin concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) during pregnancy than post-partum and non-pregnancy, and lower (P < 0.05) in male than female fur seals. During pregnancy, mean serum concentrations of relaxin progressively increased (P < 0.05) over Months 4-10 and, in serial samples collected from the same fur seals before and after parturition, mean concentrations were higher (P < 0.06) pre-partum than post-partum. In conclusion, validation of a homologous canine relaxin RIA for use in otariids and phocids resulted in the discovery of a relaxin-like substance in extracted and raw serum and placental tissue from Northern fur seals, a Steller sea lion and harbor seal. Distinctly higher immuno-reactive concentrations during pregnancy indicated the potential for relaxin to serve as a hormonal marker to differentiate between pregnant and non-pregnant or pseudopregnant pinnipeds. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Bergfelt, Don R.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Steinetz, Bernard G.] NYU, Sch Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. [Dunn, J. Lawrence] Myst Aquarium & Inst Explorat, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. [Atkinson, Shannon] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Atkinson, Shannon] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Testa, J. Ward] Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Adams, Gregg P.] Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. RP Bergfelt, DR (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM bergfelt.don@epa.gov FU National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Seattle, WA; Alaska SeaLife Center's Pinniped Research Program, Seward, AK; Sea Research Foundation, Mystic, CT FX This study was supported, in part, with funds from the National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Seattle, WA and Alaska SeaLife Center's Pinniped Research Program, Seward, AK and is Contribution Number 184 of the Sea Research Foundation, Mystic, CT. The authors would like to thank Gayle Sirpenski of Mystic Aquarium for the Northern fur seal serum samples, Liz Wheeler of the California Marine Mammal Center for the Northern fur seal placental sample, Jacqueline Ramsay of the University of Alaska and Alaska SeaLife Center for the Steller sea lion and harbor seal placentae, and Sally Lasano of NYU School of Medicine for technical assistance in conducting the relaxin assays. Portions of the results reported herein have been presented previously (Bergfelt et al., 2008; Steinetz et al., 2009). NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 165 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.05.017 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 542HP UT WOS:000273483900003 PM 19501094 ER PT J AU Gamo, T Tsunogai, U Ichibayashi, S Chiba, H Obata, H Oomori, T Noguchi, T Baker, ET Doi, T Maruo, M Sano, Y AF Gamo, Toshitaka Tsunogai, Urumu Ichibayashi, Shinsuke Chiba, Hitoshi Obata, Hajime Oomori, Tamotsu Noguchi, Takuro Baker, Edward T. Doi, Takashi Maruo, Masahiro Sano, Yuji TI Microbial carbon isotope fractionation to produce extraordinarily heavy methane in aging hydrothermal plumes over the southwestern Okinawa Trough SO GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal plume chemistry; microbial methane oxidation; carbon Isotope fractionation; southern Okinawa Trough ID BACK-ARC BASIN; IZU-BONIN ARC; HELIUM-ISOTOPES; RIDGE; FIELD; SEA; OXIDATION; BACTERIA; SEAWATER; DIOXIDE AB Within neutrally buoyant hydrothermal plumes derived from the Yonaguni Knoll IV hydrothermal field (24 degrees 51' N, 122 degrees 42' E D = 1 370-1 385 m) in the southwestern Okinawa Trough back arc basin we obtained profiles of dissolved manganese (Mn), helium isotopes (He-3/He-4) methane (CH4) and its stable carbon isotope ratio (delta C-13(PDB)) in young to old plume waters We first mapped the spatial distribution of hydrothermal plumes by towing a fixed array of optical sensors (Miniature Autonomous Plume Recorders MAPRs) above the field We then made water column observations and samplings using a CTD (Conductivity Temperature and Depth sensors)-Carousel package with a transmissometer and Niskin-X bottles at five locations with distances between 0 6 and 6 1 km horn the hydrothermally active center so far discovered Vertical profiles of light transmission and chemical tracers indicated triple-layered plumes the centers of which were at depths of 700-800 m similar to 1 050 m and similar to 1 200 m The CH4 concentrations and delta C-13 value for the 1 200-m plume ranged between 1,026 and 10 nmol/kg, and between -22 4 and +40 4 parts per thousand (the highest delta C-13 value yet reported for oceanic CH4) respectively indicating active microbial CH4 oxidation accompanied by the delta C-13 increase for residual CH4 The delta C-13(CH4) was shown to be useful for tracing such a "microbial plume whose CH4 concentration has already fallen to almost the background level By applying the Rayleigh distillation equation for a closed system we estimated the kinetic isotope fractionation factor of 1 012 for the CH4 oxidation process occurring within the hydrothermal plumes deeper than 1 000 m C1 [Gamo, Toshitaka; Tsunogai, Urumu; Ichibayashi, Shinsuke] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Gamo, Toshitaka; Obata, Hajime; Sano, Yuji] Univ Tokyo, Ocean Res Inst, Nakano Ku, Tokyo 1648639, Japan. [Chiba, Hitoshi] Okayama Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Okayama 7008530, Japan. [Oomori, Tamotsu; Noguchi, Takuro] Univ Ryukyus, Fac Sci, Okinawa 9030213, Japan. [Baker, Edward T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Doi, Takashi; Maruo, Masahiro] Univ Shiga Prefecture, Sch Environm Sci, Hikone 5228533, Japan. RP Gamo, T (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, 5 1 5 Kashiwanoha, Chiba 2778564, Japan. RI Tsunogai, Urumu/C-8303-2011; Chiba, Hitoshi/B-2054-2011 OI Tsunogai, Urumu/0000-0002-1517-3284; FU MEXT [11308020, 17101001, 19253006] FX We thank the captain and crew of the R/V Hakuho Man for their kind collaboration during the KH 021 cruise leg-3 Thanks are also due to Dr Kyoko Okino for drawing a bathymetric map around the Yonaguni Knoll IV hydrothermal field together with the tracks of the Wadatsumi Critical comments from Drs Robin Keir and Junichiro Ishibashi were very useful to revise the manuscript This study was financially supported by MEXT Grants in-Aid for Scientific Research (Nos 11308020,17101001 and 19253006) and the MEXT Special Coordination Fund 'Archaean Park project NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU GEOCHEMICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 358-5 YAMABUKI-CHO, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 162-0801, JAPAN SN 0016-7002 EI 1880-5973 J9 GEOCHEM J JI Geochem. J. PY 2010 VL 44 IS 6 BP 477 EP 487 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 701FS UT WOS:000285804400004 ER PT J AU Dunbar, P Stroker, K McCullough, H AF Dunbar, Paula Stroker, Kelly McCullough, Heather TI Do the 2010 Haiti and Chile earthquakes and tsunamis indicate increasing trends? SO GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK LA English DT Article AB Recent analysis of historical data shows that four of the top ten most deadly earthquakes and tsunamis since 1701 occurred in the last decade, including the 2004 Indian Ocean (Sumatra) and 2010 Haiti events. The magnitude 8.8 2010 Chile earthquake was the fifth largest earthquake ever recorded. These events generate questions about the frequency and severity of geologic natural hazards worldwide. The National Geophysical Data Center and co-located World Data Center for Geophysics and Marine Geology maintain a global historical event database of tsunamis, significant earthquakes, and significant volcanic eruptions (http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazards/). Analysis of the database revealed that while the total number of magnitude 7.5 earthquakes per decade since 1901 has remained consistent, the last decade has experienced some of the most devastating geologic events in history. Until 2010, the most deadly event in the Caribbean was the 1902 eruption of Pelee that caused 28 000 deaths. While devastating, this event is dwarfed by the 230 000 deaths that resulted from the 2010 Haiti earthquake. The 2010 Chile earthquake is among the top ten most deadly earthquakes and tsunamis in the entire history of Chile. While the database does not provide answers as to why these recent events are so deadly, the analysis reinforces the need for increasing our understanding of earthquakes and tsunamis in all regions of the world. As the global population continues to increase, placing more people at risk, it is important to dedicate resources to mitigate against the effects of such natural hazards. C1 [Dunbar, Paula; Stroker, Kelly; McCullough, Heather] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, World Data Ctr Geophys & Marine Geol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dunbar, P (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, World Data Ctr Geophys & Marine Geol, NOAA E-GC3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM paula.dunbar@noaa.gov RI McCullough, Heather/B-3138-2009 OI McCullough, Heather/0000-0002-1468-9625 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1947-5705 J9 GEOMAT NAT HAZ RISK JI Geomat. Nat. Hazards Risk PY 2010 VL 1 IS 2 BP 95 EP 114 DI 10.1080/19475705.2010.487322 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA V24MN UT WOS:000208414600001 ER PT J AU Kushnir, V Kogan, F Korotaev, G Powell, A AF Kushnir, Vladimir Kogan, Felix Korotaev, Genady Powell, Alfred TI Predicting natural disasters in the coastal zone based on links between land and marine ecosystems SO GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK LA English DT Article AB The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used for the analysis of ecological characteristics of the northwestern Black Sea region, which includes significant coastal territories and sea water areas along the northwest coast of the Black Sea. In the present study the following data were used: (1) NDVI and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) spatial distribution data for the period 1997-2008 for southern areas of the Ukraine around the Black Sea (prepared in the USA from NOAA's GVI2 dataset), (2) 1998-2008 NDVI data derived from MODIS (Aqua and Terra) visible channels and SeaWiFS scanners. It is shown that in the integrated land-marine ecosystem in the coastal zone, NDVI can be used as an indicator for hazards such as hypoxia, hydrosulphuric infection and eutrophication. C1 [Kushnir, Vladimir; Korotaev, Genady] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Marine Hydrophys, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Kogan, F (reprint author), NESDIS, NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Washington, DC 20230 USA. EM Felix.Kogan@noaa.gov RI Powell, Alfred/G-4059-2010; Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010 OI Powell, Alfred/0000-0002-9289-8369; Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1947-5705 J9 GEOMAT NAT HAZ RISK JI Geomat. Nat. Hazards Risk PY 2010 VL 1 IS 3 BP 185 EP 197 DI 10.1080/19475705.2010.498146 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA V24MO UT WOS:000208414700001 ER PT J AU Emmons, LK Walters, S Hess, PG Lamarque, JF Pfister, GG Fillmore, D Granier, C Guenther, A Kinnison, D Laepple, T Orlando, J Tie, X Tyndall, G Wiedinmyer, C Baughcum, SL Kloster, S AF Emmons, L. K. Walters, S. Hess, P. G. Lamarque, J. -F. Pfister, G. G. Fillmore, D. Granier, C. Guenther, A. Kinnison, D. Laepple, T. Orlando, J. Tie, X. Tyndall, G. Wiedinmyer, C. Baughcum, S. L. Kloster, S. TI Description and evaluation of the Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4) SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY CLIMATE MODEL; GASEOUS DRY DEPOSITION; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; TRANSPORT MODELS; SURFACE RESISTANCES; NATIONAL CENTER; AIR-QUALITY; CHEMISTRY; EMISSIONS; PARAMETERIZATION AB The Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4) is an offline global chemical transport model particularly suited for studies of the troposphere. The updates of the model from its previous version MOZART-2 are described, including an expansion of the chemical mechanism to include more detailed hydrocarbon chemistry and bulk aerosols. Online calculations of a number of processes, such as dry deposition, emissions of isoprene and monoterpenes and photolysis frequencies, are now included. Results from an eight-year simulation (2000-2007) are presented and evaluated. The MOZART-4 source code and standard input files are available for download from the NCAR Community Data Portal (< a href=''http://cdp.ucar.edu'' target=''_blank''> http://cdp.ucar.edu ). C1 [Emmons, L. K.; Walters, S.; Hess, P. G.; Lamarque, J. -F.; Pfister, G. G.; Fillmore, D.; Guenther, A.; Kinnison, D.; Laepple, T.; Orlando, J.; Tie, X.; Tyndall, G.; Wiedinmyer, C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Granier, C.] CNRS, Paris, France. [Granier, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Baughcum, S. L.] Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Kloster, S.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. RP Emmons, LK (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM emmons@ucar.edu RI Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Granier, Claire/D-5360-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008; Hess, Peter/M-3145-2015; Laepple, Thomas/M-8783-2015; Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Granier, Claire/0000-0001-7344-7995; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288; Hess, Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796; Laepple, Thomas/0000-0001-8108-7520; Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; FU National Science Foundation FX We acknowledge the many people who have participated in the development and evaluation of all of the versions of the MOZART model over the years, and in particular the leadership of Guy Brasseur. We thank Mary Barth and Valery Yudin for helpful comments on the manuscript. We also acknowledge the science teams producing the data used for model evaluation, including the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Global Monitoring Division for surface CO, the Canadian and NCAR MOPITT Teams for MOPITT retrievals, the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre (WOUDC) for ozonesondes, and NASA for MODIS AOD retrievals. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 99 TC 486 Z9 500 U1 13 U2 91 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 1 BP 43 EP 67 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 703FW UT WOS:000285964800003 ER PT J AU Huijnen, V Williams, J van Weele, M van Noije, T Krol, M Dentener, F Segers, A Houweling, S Peters, W de Laat, J Boersma, F Bergamaschi, P van Velthoven, P Le Sager, P Eskes, H Alkemade, F Scheele, R Nedelec, P Patz, HW AF Huijnen, V. Williams, J. van Weele, M. van Noije, T. Krol, M. Dentener, F. Segers, A. Houweling, S. Peters, W. de Laat, J. Boersma, F. Bergamaschi, P. van Velthoven, P. Le Sager, P. Eskes, H. Alkemade, F. Scheele, R. Nedelec, P. Paetz, H-W TI The global chemistry transport model TM5: description and evaluation of the tropospheric chemistry version 3.0 SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; DRY DEPOSITION PARAMETERIZATION; ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS; MOZAIC AIRBORNE PROGRAM; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; PHOTOCHEMICAL DATA; TRACER TRANSPORT AB We present a comprehensive description and benchmark evaluation of the tropospheric chemistry version of the global chemistry transport model TM5 (Tracer Model 5, version TM5-chem-v3.0). A full description is given concerning the photochemical mechanism, the interaction with aerosol, the treatment of the stratosphere, the wet and dry deposition parameterizations, and the applied emissions. We evaluate the model against a suite of ground-based, satellite, and aircraft measurements of components critical for understanding global photochemistry for the year 2006. The model exhibits a realistic oxidative capacity at a global scale. The methane lifetime is similar to 8.9 years with an associated lifetime of methyl chloroform of 5.86 years, which is similar to that derived using an optimized hydroxyl radical field. The seasonal cycle in observed carbon monoxide (CO) is well simulated at different regions across the globe. In the Northern Hemisphere CO concentrations are underestimated by about 20 ppbv in spring and 10 ppbv in summer, which is related to missing chemistry and underestimated emissions from higher hydrocarbons, as well as to uncertainties in the seasonal variation of CO emissions. The model also captures the spatial and seasonal variation in formaldehyde tropospheric columns as observed by SCIAMACHY. Positive model biases over the Amazon and eastern United States point to uncertainties in the isoprene emissions as well as its chemical breakdown. Simulated tropospheric nitrogen dioxide columns correspond well to observations from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument in terms of its seasonal and spatial variability (with a global spatial correlation coefficient of 0.89), but TM5 fields are lower by 25-40%. This is consistent with earlier studies pointing to a high bias of 0-30% in the OMI retrievals, but uncertainties in the emission inventories have probably also contributed to the discrepancy. TM5 tropospheric nitrogen dioxide profiles are in good agreement (within similar to 0.1 ppbv) with in situ aircraft observations from the INTEX-B campaign over (the Gulf of) Mexico. The model reproduces the spatial and seasonal variation in background surface ozone concentrations and tropospheric ozone profiles from the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre to within 10 ppbv, but at several tropical stations the model tends to underestimate ozone in the free troposphere. The presented model results benchmark the TM5 tropospheric chemistry version, which is currently in use in several international cooperation activities, and upon which future model improvements will take place. C1 [Huijnen, V.; Williams, J.; van Weele, M.; van Noije, T.; de Laat, J.; Boersma, F.; van Velthoven, P.; Le Sager, P.; Eskes, H.; Alkemade, F.; Scheele, R.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Krol, M.; Peters, W.] Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Krol, M.; Houweling, S.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Krol, M.; Houweling, S.] Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht IMAU, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Dentener, F.; Bergamaschi, P.] European Commiss, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. [Segers, A.] TNO Built Environm & Geosci, Dept Air Qual & Climate, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Peters, W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Nedelec, P.] CNRS, Lab Aerol, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Paetz, H-W] Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG 2, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Huijnen, V (reprint author), Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, POB 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. EM huijnen@knmi.nl RI Peters, Wouter/B-8305-2008; Boersma, Klaas/H-4559-2012; OI Peters, Wouter/0000-0001-8166-2070; Boersma, Klaas/0000-0002-4591-7635; Huijnen, Vincent/0000-0002-2814-8475 FU INSU- CNRS (France); Meteo-France; Forschungszentrum Julich (Germany); ETHER (CNES and INSU-CNRS) FX The MOPITT team is acknowledged for making their observations publicly available via the NASA Langley Atmospheric Science Data Center. SCIAMACHY is a joint project of the German Space Agency DLR and the Dutch Space Agency NIVR with contribution from the Belgian Space Agency. The OMI project is managed by NIVR and KNMI in The Netherlands. We acknowledge the free use of tropospheric NO2 column data from OMI from www.temis.nl. The NOAA-ESRL GMD is acknowledged for providing CO and O3 surface measurement data. We are grateful to the WOUDC community for making their ozone sonde data available. The authors acknowledge for the strong support of the European Commission, Airbus, and the Airlines (Lufthansa, Austrian, Air France) who carry free of charge the MOZAIC equipment and perform the maintenance since 1994. MOZAIC is presently funded by INSU- CNRS (France), Meteo-France, and Forschungszentrum Julich (Germany). The MOZAIC data based is supported by ETHER (CNES and INSU-CNRS). AGAGE and NOAA-ESRL teams are acknowledged for the methyl chloroform measurements. NR 122 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 31 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 2 BP 445 EP 473 DI 10.5194/gmd-3-445-2010 PG 29 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 703FZ UT WOS:000285965100007 ER PT J AU Guo, H Golaz, JC Donner, LJ Larson, VE Schanen, DP Griffin, BM AF Guo, H. Golaz, J-C Donner, L. J. Larson, V. E. Schanen, D. P. Griffin, B. M. TI Multi-variate probability density functions with dynamics for cloud droplet activation in large-scale models: single column tests SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID NOCTURNAL MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; VERTICAL-VELOCITY SKEWNESS; SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; PDF-BASED MODEL; PART I; PARAMETERIZATION; MICROPHYSICS AB Successful simulation of cloud-aerosol interactions (indirect aerosol effects) in climate models requires relating grid-scale aerosol, dynamic, and thermodynamic fields to small-scale processes like aerosol activation. A turbulence and cloud parameterization, based on multi-variate probability density functions of sub-grid vertical velocity, temperature, and moisture, has been extended to treat aerosol activation. Multi-variate probability density functions with dynamics (MVD PDFs) offer a solution to the problem of the gap between the resolution of climate models and the scales relevant for aerosol activation and a means to overcome the limitations of diagnostic estimates of cloud droplet number concentration based only on aerosol concentration. Incorporated into the single-column version of GFDL AM3, the MVD PDFs successfully simulate cloud properties including precipitation for cumulus, stratocumulus, and cumulus-under-stratocumulus. The extension to treat aerosol activation predicts droplet number concentrations in good agreement with large eddy simulations (LES). The droplet number concentrations from the MVD PDFs match LES results more closely than diagnostic relationships between aerosol concentration and droplet concentration. In the single-column model simulations, as aerosol concentration increases, droplet concentration increases, precipitation decreases, but liquid water path can increase or decrease. C1 [Guo, H.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, UCAR Visiting Scientist Programs, Princeton, NJ USA. [Larson, V. E.; Schanen, D. P.; Griffin, B. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Guo, H (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, UCAR Visiting Scientist Programs, Princeton, NJ USA. EM huan.guo@noaa.gov RI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014; Guo, Huan/D-8282-2014 OI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435; FU Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA), NOAA Climate Program Office [GC08-249]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0936186]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310123] FX H. Guo is supported by the grant GC08-249, Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA), NOAA Climate Program Office. V. E. Larson, D. P. Schanen, and B. M. Griffin acknowledge support by grant ATM-0936186 from the National Science Foundation and by grant NA09OAR4310123 from NOAA. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 2 BP 475 EP 486 DI 10.5194/gmd-3-475-2010 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 703FZ UT WOS:000285965100008 ER PT B AU Merati, N Chamberlin, C Moore, C Titov, V Vance, TC AF Merati, Nazila Chamberlin, Christopher Moore, Christopher Titov, Vasily Vance, Tiffany C. BE Showalter, PS Lu, Y TI Integration of Tsunami Analysis Tools into a GIS Workspace - Research, Modeling, and Hazard Mitigation efforts Within NOAA's Center for Tsunami Research SO GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES IN URBAN HAZARD AND DISASTER ANALYSIS SE Geotechnologies and the Environment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Tsunami; GIS; Modeling; Inundation; Hazard assessment; Data management; Bathymetry; Mapping; Emergency management; Coastal processes AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Center for Tsunami Research (NCTR) uses geospatial data and GIS analysis techniques in support of building an accurate tsunami forecasting system for the US Tsunami Warning Centers. The resulting forecast products can be integrated into applications and visualizations to assess hazard risk and provide mitigation for US coastal communities ranging from small towns to large urban centers. NCTR also conducts basic research on the nature of tsunami propagation and inundation, which relies on accurate geospatial information. In this chapter, we discuss how we have used both open source and commercially available geospatial technologies to address issues in tsunami research and hazard mitigation - including model visualization, data delivery, and emergency management products. Additionally, we discuss the development and coupling of tsunami model results with coastal risk, vulnerability, and evacuation models, raising the issues of integration, visualization, proliferation of mapping applications, and the ease of use and intended audience of these products. C1 [Merati, Nazila; Chamberlin, Christopher] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, NCTR, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Vance, Tiffany C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, RACE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Merati, N (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, NCTR, JISAO, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM nazila.merati@noaa.gov; Chris.Chamberlin@noaa.gov; Christopher.Moore@noaa.gov; vasily.titov@noaa.gov; tiffany.c.vance@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-2237-0 J9 GEOTECH ENVIRON PY 2010 VL 2 BP 273 EP 294 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-2238-7_14 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-2238-7 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Geology; Urban Studies GA BMM11 UT WOS:000272785600014 ER PT S AU Son, SH Wang, MH AF Son, SeungHyun Wang, Menghua BE Ahn, YH Antoine, D Bontempi, PS Pan, D TI The Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient Model in the Yellow Sea for the Korean Geostationary Ocean Color Imager SO GEOSTATIONARY OCEAN COLOR IMAGER (GOCI) TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT, OPERATION, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) Technical Development, Operation, and Applications CY OCT 12, 2010 CL Incheon, SOUTH KOREA SP SPIE, Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Korea Ocean satellite Ctr, Incheon Tourism Org, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Sci Technol Corp, Indian Space Res Org, Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv DE GOCI; MODIS; turbid coastal water; diffuse attenuation coefficient K(d)(490) AB The first geostationary ocean color sensor, Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI), on board the Korean Communication Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS), was successfully launched on June 26 of 2010. GOCI includes 8 spectral bands in visible and near-infrared wavelengths with a coverage area of 2,500x2,500 km(2) centered at 36 degrees N and 130 degrees E over the Korean seas. GOCI will provide an important capability to monitor ocean phenomenon with one hour temporal and 500 m spatial resolutions for a better understanding of biogeochemical processes in the Korean seas. However, there are uncertainties in estimating bio-optical properties since water properties in large areas of Koreans are optically characterized as Case-2 waters due to strong tidal mixing and large amount of river discharges. The newly-developed semi-analytical algorithm of diffusion attenuation coefficient at the wavelength of 490 nm, K(d)(490), for the turbid coastal waters was assessed using in situ radiometric and K(d)(490) measurement obtained from clear and turbid waters over the global ocean. Results of the K(d)(490) data using the new model is well correlated with the in situ K(d)(490) measurements. Synoptic maps of K(d)(490) data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite using the new model were derived in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. The MODIS-derived K(d)(490) data show significant increased values along the turbid coastal waters including the Bohai Sea and the Yangtze River Estuary. In general, the highest K(d)(490) appeared in winter and the lowest K(d)(490) are presented in summer over the all area. Interannual variability of K(d)(490) in timing and magnitude is apparent, but there is no consistent trend of interannual variability across all areas. C1 [Son, SeungHyun; Wang, Menghua] NOAA Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Son, SH (reprint author), NOAA Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E-RA3,Room 102,5200 Auth Rd Camp Springs, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8391-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7861 AR 78610F DI 10.1117/12.873335 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTO88 UT WOS:000287656400006 ER PT J AU Cheung, WWL Lam, VWY Sarmiento, JL Kearney, K Watson, R Zeller, D Pauly, D AF Cheung, William W. L. Lam, Vicky W. Y. Sarmiento, Jorge L. Kearney, Kelly Watson, Reg Zeller, Dirk Pauly, Daniel TI Large-scale redistribution of maximum fisheries catch potential in the global ocean under climate change SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE catch; climate change; fisheries; global; marine; redistribution ID MARINE FISHES; MODELS; CONSEQUENCES; PRODUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; ECOLOGY; IMPACT; GROWTH; SHIFTS; COD AB Previous projection of climate change impacts on global food supply focuses solely on production from terrestrial biomes, ignoring the large contribution of animal protein from marine capture fisheries. Here, we project changes in global catch potential for 1066 species of exploited marine fish and invertebrates from 2005 to 2055 under climate change scenarios. We show that climate change may lead to large-scale redistribution of global catch potential, with an average of 30-70% increase in high-latitude regions and a drop of up to 40% in the tropics. Moreover, maximum catch potential declines considerably in the southward margins of semienclosed seas while it increases in poleward tips of continental shelf margins. Such changes are most apparent in the Pacific Ocean. Among the 20 most important fishing Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) regions in terms of their total landings, EEZ regions with the highest increase in catch potential by 2055 include Norway, Greenland, the United States (Alaska) and Russia (Asia). On the contrary, EEZ regions with the biggest loss in maximum catch potential include Indonesia, the United States (excluding Alaska and Hawaii), Chile and China. Many highly impacted regions, particularly those in the tropics, are socioeconomically vulnerable to these changes. Thus, our results indicate the need to develop adaptation policy that could minimize climate change impacts through fisheries. The study also provides information that may be useful to evaluate fisheries management options under climate change. C1 [Cheung, William W. L.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Cheung, William W. L.; Lam, Vicky W. Y.; Watson, Reg; Zeller, Dirk; Pauly, Daniel] Univ British Columbia, Aquat Ecosyst Res Lab, Sea Us Project, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V5R 1E6, Canada. [Sarmiento, Jorge L.; Kearney, Kelly] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Cheung, WWL (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM William.cheung@uea.ac.uk RI Cheung, William/F-5104-2013; Kearney, Kelly/A-8673-2014; OI Cheung, William/0000-0003-3626-1045; Kearney, Kelly/0000-0002-6152-5236; Watson, Reg/0000-0001-7201-8865 NR 42 TC 269 Z9 275 U1 16 U2 186 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 16 IS 1 BP 24 EP 35 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01995.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 554EV UT WOS:000274419200003 ER PT J AU Kolb, CE Bond, T Carmichael, GR Ebi, KL Edwards, DP Fuelberg, H Gustin, MS Hao, JM Jacob, DJ Jaffe, DA Kreidenweis, S Law, KS Prather, MJ Simonich, SLM Thiemens, MH Rowland, FS Bierbaum, RM Busalacchi, AJ Carbone, R Dabberdt, WF Dow, K Forbes, GS Held, I Lee, A Pierrehumbert, RT Prather, K Smith, KR Snow, JT Vonder Haar, TH Zeng, XB AF Kolb, Charles E. Bond, Tami Carmichael, Gregory R. Ebi, Kristie L. Edwards, David P. Fuelberg, Henry Gustin, Mae S. Hao, Jiming Jacob, Daniel J. Jaffe, Daniel A. Kreidenweis, Sonia Law, Katharine S. Prather, Michael J. Simonich, Staci L. Massey Thiemens, Mark H. Rowland, F. Sherwood Bierbaum, Rosina M. Busalacchi, Antonio J., Jr. Carbone, Richard Dabberdt, Walter F. Dow, Kirstin Forbes, Greg S. Held, Isaac Lee, Arthur Pierrehumbert, Raymond T. Prather, Kimberly Smith, Kirk R. Snow, John T. Vonder Haar, Thomas H. Zeng, Xubin CA Comm Significance Int Transport Board Atmospheric Sci Climate GP Natl Res Council TI GLOBAL SOURCES OF LOCAL POLLUTION An Assessment of Long-Range Transport of Key Air Pollutants to and from the United States Summary SO GLOBAL SOURCES OF LOCAL POLLUTION: AN ASSESSMENT OF LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT OF KEY AIR POLLUTANTS TO AND FROM THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY DEPOSITION; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; HISTORICAL EMISSION INVENTORY; CANADIAN ARCTIC ATMOSPHERE; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONCENTRATIONS; STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE C1 [Kolb, Charles E.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Bond, Tami] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Carmichael, Gregory R.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Ebi, Kristie L.] IPCC Working Grp II Tech Support Unit, Stanford, CA USA. [Edwards, David P.; Carbone, Richard] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Fuelberg, Henry] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Gustin, Mae S.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Hao, Jiming] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Jacob, Daniel J.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jaffe, Daniel A.] Univ Washington, Bothell, WA USA. [Kreidenweis, Sonia] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Law, Katharine S.] CNRS, Paris, France. [Prather, Michael J.; Rowland, F. Sherwood] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Simonich, Staci L. Massey] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Thiemens, Mark H.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Bierbaum, Rosina M.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Busalacchi, Antonio J., Jr.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dabberdt, Walter F.] Vaisala Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Dow, Kirstin] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Forbes, Greg S.] Weather Channel Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Held, Isaac] NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lee, Arthur] Chevron Corp, San Ramon, CA USA. [Pierrehumbert, Raymond T.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Prather, Kimberly] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Smith, Kirk R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Snow, John T.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Vonder Haar, Thomas H.] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zeng, Xubin] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Kolb, CE (reprint author), Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. NR 595 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-14401-8 PY 2010 BP 1 EP + PG 50 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC3XI UT WOS:000352026500001 ER PT J AU Kolb, CE Bond, T Carmichael, GR Ebi, KL Edwards, DP Fuelberg, H Gustin, MS Hao, JM Jacob, DJ Jaffe, DA Kreidenweis, S Law, KS Prather, MJ Simonich, SLM Thiemens, MH Rowland, FS Bierbaum, RM Busalacchi, AJ Carbone, R Dabberdt, WF Dow, K Forbes, GS Held, I Lee, A Pierrehumbert, RT Prather, K Smith, KR Snow, JT Vonder Haar, TH Zeng, XB AF Kolb, Charles E. Bond, Tami Carmichael, Gregory R. Ebi, Kristie L. Edwards, David P. Fuelberg, Henry Gustin, Mae S. Hao, Jiming Jacob, Daniel J. Jaffe, Daniel A. Kreidenweis, Sonia Law, Katharine S. Prather, Michael J. Simonich, Staci L. Massey Thiemens, Mark H. Rowland, F. Sherwood Bierbaum, Rosina M. Busalacchi, Antonio J., Jr. Carbone, Richard Dabberdt, Walter F. Dow, Kirstin Forbes, Greg S. Held, Isaac Lee, Arthur Pierrehumbert, Raymond T. Prather, Kimberly Smith, Kirk R. Snow, John T. Vonder Haar, Thomas H. Zeng, Xubin CA Comm Significance Int Transport Board Atmospheric Sci Climate GP Natl Res Council TI GLOBAL SOURCES OF LOCAL POLLUTION An Assessment of Long-Range Transport of Key Air Pollutants to and from the United States Introduction SO GLOBAL SOURCES OF LOCAL POLLUTION: AN ASSESSMENT OF LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT OF KEY AIR POLLUTANTS TO AND FROM THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Kolb, Charles E.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Bond, Tami] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Carmichael, Gregory R.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Ebi, Kristie L.] IPCC Working Grp II Tech Support Unit, Stanford, CA USA. [Edwards, David P.; Carbone, Richard] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Fuelberg, Henry] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Gustin, Mae S.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Hao, Jiming] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Jacob, Daniel J.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jaffe, Daniel A.] Univ Washington, Bothell, WA USA. [Kreidenweis, Sonia] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Law, Katharine S.] CNRS, Paris, France. [Prather, Michael J.; Rowland, F. Sherwood] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Simonich, Staci L. Massey] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Thiemens, Mark H.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Bierbaum, Rosina M.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Busalacchi, Antonio J., Jr.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dabberdt, Walter F.] Vaisala Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Dow, Kirstin] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Forbes, Greg S.] Weather Channel Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Held, Isaac] NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lee, Arthur] Chevron Corp, San Ramon, CA USA. [Pierrehumbert, Raymond T.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Prather, Kimberly] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Smith, Kirk R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Snow, John T.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Vonder Haar, Thomas H.] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zeng, Xubin] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Kolb, CE (reprint author), Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-14401-8 PY 2010 BP 11 EP 33 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC3XI UT WOS:000352026500002 ER PT J AU Kolb, CE Bond, T Carmichael, GR Ebi, KL Edwards, DP Fuelberg, H Gustin, MS Hao, JM Jacob, DJ Jaffe, DA Kreidenweis, S Law, KS Prather, MJ Simonich, SLM Thiemens, MH Rowland, FS Bierbaum, RM Busalacchi, AJ Carbone, R Dabberdt, WF Dow, K Forbes, GS Held, I Lee, A Pierrehumbert, RT Prather, K Smith, KR Snow, JT Vonder Haar, TH Zeng, XB AF Kolb, Charles E. Bond, Tami Carmichael, Gregory R. Ebi, Kristie L. Edwards, David P. Fuelberg, Henry Gustin, Mae S. Hao, Jiming Jacob, Daniel J. Jaffe, Daniel A. Kreidenweis, Sonia Law, Katharine S. Prather, Michael J. Simonich, Staci L. Massey Thiemens, Mark H. Rowland, F. Sherwood Bierbaum, Rosina M. Busalacchi, Antonio J., Jr. Carbone, Richard Dabberdt, Walter F. Dow, Kirstin Forbes, Greg S. Held, Isaac Lee, Arthur Pierrehumbert, Raymond T. Prather, Kimberly Smith, Kirk R. Snow, John T. Vonder Haar, Thomas H. Zeng, Xubin CA Comm Significance Int Transport Board Atmospheric Sci Climate GP Natl Res Council TI Ozone SO GLOBAL SOURCES OF LOCAL POLLUTION: AN ASSESSMENT OF LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT OF KEY AIR POLLUTANTS TO AND FROM THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kolb, Charles E.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Bond, Tami] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Carmichael, Gregory R.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Ebi, Kristie L.] IPCC Working Grp II Tech Support Unit, Stanford, CA USA. [Edwards, David P.; Carbone, Richard] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Fuelberg, Henry] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Gustin, Mae S.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Hao, Jiming] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Jacob, Daniel J.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jaffe, Daniel A.] Univ Washington, Bothell, WA USA. [Kreidenweis, Sonia] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Law, Katharine S.] CNRS, Paris, France. [Prather, Michael J.; Rowland, F. Sherwood] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Simonich, Staci L. Massey] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Thiemens, Mark H.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Bierbaum, Rosina M.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Busalacchi, Antonio J., Jr.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dabberdt, Walter F.] Vaisala Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Dow, Kirstin] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Forbes, Greg S.] Weather Channel Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Held, Isaac] NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lee, Arthur] Chevron Corp, San Ramon, CA USA. [Pierrehumbert, Raymond T.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Prather, Kimberly] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Smith, Kirk R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Snow, John T.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Vonder Haar, Thomas H.] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zeng, Xubin] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Kolb, CE (reprint author), Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-14401-8 PY 2010 BP 35 EP 65 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC3XI UT WOS:000352026500003 ER PT J AU Kolb, CE Bond, T Carmichael, GR Ebi, KL Edwards, DP Fuelberg, H Gustin, MS Hao, JM Jacob, DJ Jaffe, DA Kreidenweis, S Law, KS Prather, MJ Simonich, SLM Thiemens, MH Rowland, FS Bierbaum, RM Busalacchi, AJ Carbone, R Dabberdt, WF Dow, K Forbes, GS Held, I Lee, A Pierrehumbert, RT Prather, K Smith, KR Snow, JT Vonder Haar, TH Zeng, XB AF Kolb, Charles E. Bond, Tami Carmichael, Gregory R. Ebi, Kristie L. Edwards, David P. Fuelberg, Henry Gustin, Mae S. Hao, Jiming Jacob, Daniel J. Jaffe, Daniel A. Kreidenweis, Sonia Law, Katharine S. Prather, Michael J. Simonich, Staci L. Massey Thiemens, Mark H. Rowland, F. Sherwood Bierbaum, Rosina M. Busalacchi, Antonio J., Jr. Carbone, Richard Dabberdt, Walter F. Dow, Kirstin Forbes, Greg S. Held, Isaac Lee, Arthur Pierrehumbert, Raymond T. Prather, Kimberly Smith, Kirk R. Snow, John T. Vonder Haar, Thomas H. Zeng, Xubin CA Comm Significance Int Transport Board Atmospheric Sci Climate GP Natl Res Council TI Particulate Matter SO GLOBAL SOURCES OF LOCAL POLLUTION: AN ASSESSMENT OF LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT OF KEY AIR POLLUTANTS TO AND FROM THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kolb, Charles E.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Bond, Tami] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Carmichael, Gregory R.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Ebi, Kristie L.] IPCC Working Grp II Tech Support Unit, Stanford, CA USA. [Edwards, David P.; Carbone, Richard] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Fuelberg, Henry] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Gustin, Mae S.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Hao, Jiming] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Jacob, Daniel J.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jaffe, Daniel A.] Univ Washington, Bothell, WA USA. [Kreidenweis, Sonia] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Law, Katharine S.] CNRS, Paris, France. [Prather, Michael J.; Rowland, F. Sherwood] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Simonich, Staci L. Massey] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Thiemens, Mark H.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Bierbaum, Rosina M.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Busalacchi, Antonio J., Jr.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dabberdt, Walter F.] Vaisala Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Dow, Kirstin] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Forbes, Greg S.] Weather Channel Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Held, Isaac] NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lee, Arthur] Chevron Corp, San Ramon, CA USA. [Pierrehumbert, Raymond T.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Prather, Kimberly] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Smith, Kirk R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Snow, John T.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Vonder Haar, Thomas H.] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zeng, Xubin] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Kolb, CE (reprint author), Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-14401-8 PY 2010 BP 67 EP 95 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC3XI UT WOS:000352026500004 ER PT J AU Kolb, CE Bond, T Carmichael, GR Ebi, KL Edwards, DP Fuelberg, H Gustin, MS Hao, JM Jacob, DJ Jaffe, DA Kreidenweis, S Law, KS Prather, MJ Simonich, SLM Thiemens, MH Rowland, FS Bierbaum, RM Busalacchi, AJ Carbone, R Dabberdt, WF Dow, K Forbes, GS Held, I Lee, A Pierrehumbert, RT Prather, K Smith, KR Snow, JT Vonder Haar, TH Zeng, XB AF Kolb, Charles E. Bond, Tami Carmichael, Gregory R. Ebi, Kristie L. Edwards, David P. Fuelberg, Henry Gustin, Mae S. Hao, Jiming Jacob, Daniel J. Jaffe, Daniel A. Kreidenweis, Sonia Law, Katharine S. Prather, Michael J. Simonich, Staci L. Massey Thiemens, Mark H. Rowland, F. Sherwood Bierbaum, Rosina M. Busalacchi, Antonio J., Jr. Carbone, Richard Dabberdt, Walter F. Dow, Kirstin Forbes, Greg S. Held, Isaac Lee, Arthur Pierrehumbert, Raymond T. Prather, Kimberly Smith, Kirk R. Snow, John T. Vonder Haar, Thomas H. Zeng, Xubin CA Comm Significance Int Transport Board Atmospheric Sci Climate GP Natl Res Council TI Mercury SO GLOBAL SOURCES OF LOCAL POLLUTION: AN ASSESSMENT OF LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT OF KEY AIR POLLUTANTS TO AND FROM THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kolb, Charles E.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Bond, Tami] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Carmichael, Gregory R.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Ebi, Kristie L.] IPCC Working Grp II Tech Support Unit, Stanford, CA USA. [Edwards, David P.; Carbone, Richard] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Fuelberg, Henry] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Gustin, Mae S.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Hao, Jiming] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Jacob, Daniel J.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jaffe, Daniel A.] Univ Washington, Bothell, WA USA. [Kreidenweis, Sonia] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Law, Katharine S.] CNRS, Paris, France. [Prather, Michael J.; Rowland, F. Sherwood] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Simonich, Staci L. Massey] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Thiemens, Mark H.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Bierbaum, Rosina M.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Busalacchi, Antonio J., Jr.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dabberdt, Walter F.] Vaisala Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Dow, Kirstin] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Forbes, Greg S.] Weather Channel Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Held, Isaac] NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lee, Arthur] Chevron Corp, San Ramon, CA USA. [Pierrehumbert, Raymond T.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Prather, Kimberly] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Smith, Kirk R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Snow, John T.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Vonder Haar, Thomas H.] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zeng, Xubin] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Kolb, CE (reprint author), Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-14401-8 PY 2010 BP 97 EP 111 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC3XI UT WOS:000352026500005 ER PT J AU Kolb, CE Bond, T Carmichael, GR Ebi, KL Edwards, DP Fuelberg, H Gustin, MS Hao, JM Jacob, DJ Jaffe, DA Kreidenweis, S Law, KS Prather, MJ Simonich, SLM Thiemens, MH Rowland, FS Bierbaum, RM Busalacchi, AJ Carbone, R Dabberdt, WF Dow, K Forbes, GS Held, I Lee, A Pierrehumbert, RT Prather, K Smith, KR Snow, JT Vonder Haar, TH Zeng, XB AF Kolb, Charles E. Bond, Tami Carmichael, Gregory R. Ebi, Kristie L. Edwards, David P. Fuelberg, Henry Gustin, Mae S. Hao, Jiming Jacob, Daniel J. Jaffe, Daniel A. Kreidenweis, Sonia Law, Katharine S. Prather, Michael J. Simonich, Staci L. Massey Thiemens, Mark H. Rowland, F. Sherwood Bierbaum, Rosina M. Busalacchi, Antonio J., Jr. Carbone, Richard Dabberdt, Walter F. Dow, Kirstin Forbes, Greg S. Held, Isaac Lee, Arthur Pierrehumbert, Raymond T. Prather, Kimberly Smith, Kirk R. Snow, John T. Vonder Haar, Thomas H. Zeng, Xubin CA Comm Significance Int Transport Board Atmospheric Sci Climate GP Natl Res Council TI Persistent Organic Pollutants SO GLOBAL SOURCES OF LOCAL POLLUTION: AN ASSESSMENT OF LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT OF KEY AIR POLLUTANTS TO AND FROM THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kolb, Charles E.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Bond, Tami] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Carmichael, Gregory R.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Ebi, Kristie L.] IPCC Working Grp II Tech Support Unit, Stanford, CA USA. [Edwards, David P.; Carbone, Richard] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Fuelberg, Henry] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Gustin, Mae S.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Hao, Jiming] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Jacob, Daniel J.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jaffe, Daniel A.] Univ Washington, Bothell, WA USA. [Kreidenweis, Sonia] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Law, Katharine S.] CNRS, Paris, France. [Prather, Michael J.; Rowland, F. Sherwood] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Simonich, Staci L. Massey] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Thiemens, Mark H.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Bierbaum, Rosina M.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Busalacchi, Antonio J., Jr.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dabberdt, Walter F.] Vaisala Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Dow, Kirstin] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Forbes, Greg S.] Weather Channel Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Held, Isaac] NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lee, Arthur] Chevron Corp, San Ramon, CA USA. [Pierrehumbert, Raymond T.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Prather, Kimberly] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Smith, Kirk R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Snow, John T.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Vonder Haar, Thomas H.] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zeng, Xubin] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Kolb, CE (reprint author), Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-14401-8 PY 2010 BP 113 EP 124 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC3XI UT WOS:000352026500006 ER PT J AU Kolb, CE Bond, T Carmichael, GR Ebi, KL Edwards, DP Fuelberg, H Gustin, MS Hao, JM Jacob, DJ Jaffe, DA Kreidenweis, S Law, KS Prather, MJ Simonich, SLM Thiemens, MH Rowland, FS Bierbaum, RM Busalacchi, AJ Carbone, R Dabberdt, WF Dow, K Forbes, GS Held, I Lee, A Pierrehumbert, RT Prather, K Smith, KR Snow, JT Vonder Haar, TH Zeng, XB AF Kolb, Charles E. Bond, Tami Carmichael, Gregory R. Ebi, Kristie L. Edwards, David P. Fuelberg, Henry Gustin, Mae S. Hao, Jiming Jacob, Daniel J. Jaffe, Daniel A. Kreidenweis, Sonia Law, Katharine S. Prather, Michael J. Simonich, Staci L. Massey Thiemens, Mark H. Rowland, F. Sherwood Bierbaum, Rosina M. Busalacchi, Antonio J., Jr. Carbone, Richard Dabberdt, Walter F. Dow, Kirstin Forbes, Greg S. Held, Isaac Lee, Arthur Pierrehumbert, Raymond T. Prather, Kimberly Smith, Kirk R. Snow, John T. Vonder Haar, Thomas H. Zeng, Xubin CA Comm Significance Int Transport Board Atmospheric Sci Climate GP Natl Res Council TI Crosscutting Issues and Synthesis SO GLOBAL SOURCES OF LOCAL POLLUTION: AN ASSESSMENT OF LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT OF KEY AIR POLLUTANTS TO AND FROM THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kolb, Charles E.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Bond, Tami] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Carmichael, Gregory R.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Ebi, Kristie L.] IPCC Working Grp II Tech Support Unit, Stanford, CA USA. [Edwards, David P.; Carbone, Richard] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Fuelberg, Henry] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Gustin, Mae S.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Hao, Jiming] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Jacob, Daniel J.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jaffe, Daniel A.] Univ Washington, Bothell, WA USA. [Kreidenweis, Sonia] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Law, Katharine S.] CNRS, Paris, France. [Prather, Michael J.; Rowland, F. Sherwood] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Simonich, Staci L. Massey] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Thiemens, Mark H.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Bierbaum, Rosina M.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Busalacchi, Antonio J., Jr.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dabberdt, Walter F.] Vaisala Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Dow, Kirstin] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Forbes, Greg S.] Weather Channel Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Held, Isaac] NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lee, Arthur] Chevron Corp, San Ramon, CA USA. [Pierrehumbert, Raymond T.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Prather, Kimberly] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Smith, Kirk R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Snow, John T.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Vonder Haar, Thomas H.] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zeng, Xubin] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Kolb, CE (reprint author), Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-14401-8 PY 2010 BP 125 EP 149 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC3XI UT WOS:000352026500007 ER PT J AU Kolb, CE Bond, T Carmichael, GR Ebi, KL Edwards, DP Fuelberg, H Gustin, MS Hao, JM Jacob, DJ Jaffe, DA Kreidenweis, S Law, KS Prather, MJ Simonich, SLM Thiemens, MH Rowland, FS Bierbaum, RM Busalacchi, AJ Carbone, R Dabberdt, WF Dow, K Forbes, GS Held, I Lee, A Pierrehumbert, RT Prather, K Smith, KR Snow, JT Vonder Haar, TH Zeng, XB AF Kolb, Charles E. Bond, Tami Carmichael, Gregory R. Ebi, Kristie L. Edwards, David P. Fuelberg, Henry Gustin, Mae S. Hao, Jiming Jacob, Daniel J. Jaffe, Daniel A. Kreidenweis, Sonia Law, Katharine S. Prather, Michael J. Simonich, Staci L. Massey Thiemens, Mark H. Rowland, F. Sherwood Bierbaum, Rosina M. Busalacchi, Antonio J., Jr. Carbone, Richard Dabberdt, Walter F. Dow, Kirstin Forbes, Greg S. Held, Isaac Lee, Arthur Pierrehumbert, Raymond T. Prather, Kimberly Smith, Kirk R. Snow, John T. Vonder Haar, Thomas H. Zeng, Xubin CA Comm Significance Int Transport Board Atmospheric Sci Climate GP Natl Res Council TI Committee Sponsors, Statement of Task, and Schedule SO GLOBAL SOURCES OF LOCAL POLLUTION: AN ASSESSMENT OF LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT OF KEY AIR POLLUTANTS TO AND FROM THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kolb, Charles E.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Bond, Tami] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Carmichael, Gregory R.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Ebi, Kristie L.] IPCC Working Grp II Tech Support Unit, Stanford, CA USA. [Edwards, David P.; Carbone, Richard] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Fuelberg, Henry] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Gustin, Mae S.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Hao, Jiming] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Jacob, Daniel J.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jaffe, Daniel A.] Univ Washington, Bothell, WA USA. [Kreidenweis, Sonia] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Law, Katharine S.] CNRS, Paris, France. [Prather, Michael J.; Rowland, F. Sherwood] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Simonich, Staci L. Massey] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Thiemens, Mark H.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Bierbaum, Rosina M.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Busalacchi, Antonio J., Jr.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dabberdt, Walter F.] Vaisala Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Dow, Kirstin] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Forbes, Greg S.] Weather Channel Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Held, Isaac] NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lee, Arthur] Chevron Corp, San Ramon, CA USA. [Pierrehumbert, Raymond T.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Prather, Kimberly] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Smith, Kirk R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Snow, John T.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Vonder Haar, Thomas H.] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zeng, Xubin] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Kolb, CE (reprint author), Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-14401-8 PY 2010 BP 191 EP 192 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC3XI UT WOS:000352026500008 ER PT J AU Kolb, CE Bond, T Carmichael, GR Ebi, KL Edwards, DP Fuelberg, H Gustin, MS Hao, JM Jacob, DJ Jaffe, DA Kreidenweis, S Law, KS Prather, MJ Simonich, SLM Thiemens, MH Rowland, FS Bierbaum, RM Busalacchi, AJ Carbone, R Dabberdt, WF Dow, K Forbes, GS Held, I Lee, A Pierrehumbert, RT Prather, K Smith, KR Snow, JT Vonder Haar, TH Zeng, XB AF Kolb, Charles E. Bond, Tami Carmichael, Gregory R. Ebi, Kristie L. Edwards, David P. Fuelberg, Henry Gustin, Mae S. Hao, Jiming Jacob, Daniel J. Jaffe, Daniel A. Kreidenweis, Sonia Law, Katharine S. Prather, Michael J. Simonich, Staci L. Massey Thiemens, Mark H. Rowland, F. Sherwood Bierbaum, Rosina M. Busalacchi, Antonio J., Jr. Carbone, Richard Dabberdt, Walter F. Dow, Kirstin Forbes, Greg S. Held, Isaac Lee, Arthur Pierrehumbert, Raymond T. Prather, Kimberly Smith, Kirk R. Snow, John T. Vonder Haar, Thomas H. Zeng, Xubin CA Comm Significance Int Transport Board Atmospheric Sci Climate GP Natl Res Council TI Technical Discussion of Atmospheric Transport Mechanisms SO GLOBAL SOURCES OF LOCAL POLLUTION: AN ASSESSMENT OF LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT OF KEY AIR POLLUTANTS TO AND FROM THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kolb, Charles E.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Bond, Tami] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Carmichael, Gregory R.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Ebi, Kristie L.] IPCC Working Grp II Tech Support Unit, Stanford, CA USA. [Edwards, David P.; Carbone, Richard] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Fuelberg, Henry] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Gustin, Mae S.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Hao, Jiming] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Jacob, Daniel J.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jaffe, Daniel A.] Univ Washington, Bothell, WA USA. [Kreidenweis, Sonia] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Law, Katharine S.] CNRS, Paris, France. [Prather, Michael J.; Rowland, F. Sherwood] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Simonich, Staci L. Massey] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Thiemens, Mark H.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Bierbaum, Rosina M.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Busalacchi, Antonio J., Jr.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dabberdt, Walter F.] Vaisala Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Dow, Kirstin] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Forbes, Greg S.] Weather Channel Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Held, Isaac] NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lee, Arthur] Chevron Corp, San Ramon, CA USA. [Pierrehumbert, Raymond T.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Prather, Kimberly] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Smith, Kirk R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Snow, John T.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Vonder Haar, Thomas H.] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zeng, Xubin] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Kolb, CE (reprint author), Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-14401-8 PY 2010 BP 193 EP 211 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC3XI UT WOS:000352026500009 ER PT S AU Cockayne, E AF Cockayne, Eric BE Srinivasan, P Obeng, Y Misra, D Karim, Z DeGendt, S TI Characterization of Impurities in Bilayer Graphene SO GRAPHENE, GE/III-V, AND EMERGING MATERIALS FOR POST-CMOS APPLICATIONS 2 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Graphene, Ge/III-V and Emerging Materials For Post-CMOS Applications / 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (ECS) CY APR 26-29, 2010 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Dielect Sci & Technol, New Technol Comm, AIXTRON ID EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE AB Experimental scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of bilayer graphene grown via thermal decomposition of Si from SiC display local patterns that suggest the presence of certain types of defects. One common pattern shows threefold (pseudo-sixfold) symmetry, a dark contrast in the center, and a local root 3 by root 3 (rotated 30 degrees) modulation of the graphene structure. Density functional theory calculations were used to study the electronic structure of bilayer graphene with Mo and Si impurities present in various positions compatible with this pseudo-sixfold symmetry. STM images were simulated, based on the the local density of states. The best agreement with experiment is found for an intercalated Mo atom below the center of a hexagon in the top layer and above a C in the bottom layer. While perfect agreement is not obtained, the results suggest that a state or states involving hybridization between m not equal 0 transition metal d states and C 2p states is responsible for the defect patterns observed in the STM image. C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cockayne, E (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-145-8 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 28 IS 5 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1149/1.3367939 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BDI66 UT WOS:000313494400009 ER PT S AU Obrzut, J Pristinski, D Yoonessi, M AF Obrzut, J. Pristinski, D. Yoonessi, M. BE Srinivasan, P Obeng, Y Misra, D Karim, Z DeGendt, S TI Optical and Electrical Properties of Graphene Percolated Networks from Liquid Exfoliation of Graphite SO GRAPHENE, GE/III-V, AND EMERGING MATERIALS FOR POST-CMOS APPLICATIONS 2 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Graphene, Ge/III-V and Emerging Materials For Post-CMOS Applications / 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (ECS) CY APR 26-29, 2010 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Dielect Sci & Technol Div, New Technol Comm, AIXTRON ID DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; CARBON NANOTUBE NETWORKS; CONDUCTIVITY PROPERTIES; PHASE EXFOLIATION; SHEETS; FILMS; OXIDE AB Thin films obtained from liquid phase exfoliation of graphite exhibit the conductivity and transparency properties of percolated networks having an interconnectivity distance of about 2 mu m to 3 mu m. The mean radius of the platelets in solution determined by dynamic light scattering measurements was found to be in the range of about 3 mu m. Representative transmittance electron microscope images show evidence of individual graphene sheets. The platelets have an irregular shape with apparent folding and bending, which contributes to disorder and imperfections of the films as revealed by the Raman spectra. The scaling universal exponents describing the percolation transition from an insulating, 100 % transparent state, to a transparent, conducting state are consistent with the two-dimensional (2D) percolation model. These findings provide a framework for engineering the optical and electrical properties of graphene networks for technological applications where flexibility, transparency, and conductivity are required. C1 [Obrzut, J.; Pristinski, D.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yoonessi, M.] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Obrzut, J (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Obrzut, Jan/0000-0001-6667-9712 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-145-8 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 28 IS 5 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1149/1.3367941 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BDI66 UT WOS:000313494400011 ER PT B AU Pratt-Zossoungbo, M Biber, PD AF Pratt-Zossoungbo, Melissa Biber, Patrick D. BE Edelstein, A Bar, D TI MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ASSOCIATIONS WITH FOUR SALT MARSH SPECIES SO HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH SE Environmental Research Advances LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Mycorrhizae; Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM); Juncus roemerianus; Spartina alterniflora; Schoenoplectus spp. ID VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA; ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE; SALINITY LEVELS; FATTY-ACIDS; SOIL; PLANTS; GROWTH; ROOTS; INFECTION; TRANSPORT AB The value of salt marshes in reducing wave energy, enhancing sedimentation, stabilizing sediment, providing fisheries habitat, and serving as a food source for wildlife is well documented and widely recognized. Restoration efforts often consist of whole plant harvesting from natural habitats. This imposes strong disturbances to the harvested areas, as well as plant availability being limited to the growing season. Development and evaluation of ecologically sound and cost-effective restoration methods using nursery-grown marsh grasses will advance the current state of restoration science and improve restoration effectiveness in estuarine and coastal habitats. The introduction of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi may have the potential to increase nursery production and the health of the plants produced. VAM colonization may increase plant growth, improve water transport, increase resistance to pathogens, and mediate transplant shock of saltmarsh plants. VAM are also associated with enhanced plant survival in stressful environments including: water-stress, salinity stress, and low nutrient availability. Saltmarsh species Juncus roemerianus, Spartina alterniflora, Schoenoplectus robustus, and Schoenoplectus americanus plants of various ages were inoculated with commercial mycorrhizal inoculant. Colonization rates were monitored and plant growth and health were assessed by morphological measurements. The effect of inoculant on morphological changes was also compared with the effects that the addition of fertilizer, and less saturated soil conditions had on plant growth and health. These studies showed that species Juncus roemerianus and Schoenoplectus spp. are capable of acquiring VAM colonization, while Spartina alterniflora did not become colonized in mature or seedling stages. The effects of VAM on plant morphology varied between species and by the age of the plants and inoculation generally only had a measurable effect in seedlings. Inoculation had significant effects on plant growth for Schoenoplectus spp., while the addition of fertilizer had more pronounced effects on growth for Juncus roemerianus and Spartina alterniflora. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS USA. RP Pratt-Zossoungbo, M (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv Policy, Off Management & Budget, 1305 East West Hwy,Rm 13349, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM melissa.pratt-zossoungbo@noaa.gov; Patrick.biber@usm.edu NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 13 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60741-492-6 J9 ENVIRON RES ADV PY 2010 BP 291 EP 319 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BPE23 UT WOS:000278678600007 ER PT B AU Scarfone, K Mell, P AF Scarfone, Karen Mell, Peter BE Stavroulakis, P Stamp, M TI Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems SO HANDBOOK OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION SECURITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Scarfone, Karen; Mell, Peter] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scarfone, K (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM karen.scarfone@nist.gov; mell@nist.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-04116-7 PY 2010 BP 177 EP 192 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-04117-4_9 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-04117-4 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BOH81 UT WOS:000276677900009 ER PT B AU Kabo, G Paulechka, E Frenkel, M AF Kabo, Gennady Paulechka, Eugene Frenkel, Michael BE Wilhelm, E Letcher, TM TI Heat Capacities and Phase Transitions for the Dynamic Chemical Systems: Conformers, Tautomers, Plastic Crystals, and Ionic Liquids SO HEAT CAPACITIES: LIQUIDS, SOLUTIONS AND VAPOURS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; CONDENSED STATE; DEGREES K; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; CYCLOHEXYL ESTERS; GLASS-TRANSITION; ENERGY-STATES; BOILING-POINT; THERMAL DATA; ENTROPY C1 [Kabo, Gennady; Paulechka, Eugene] Belarusian State Univ, Dept Chem, Minsk 220050, Byelarus. [Frenkel, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Thermodynam Res Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kabo, G (reprint author), Belarusian State Univ, Dept Chem, Fr Skorina Ave 4, Minsk 220050, Byelarus. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85404-176-3 PY 2010 BP 390 EP 420 D2 10.1039/9781847559791 PG 31 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA BQY37 UT WOS:000282104100018 ER PT S AU Perkins, TT Li, HW AF Perkins, Thomas T. Li, Hung-Wen BE Abdelhaleem, MM TI Single-Molecule Studies of RecBCD SO HELICASES: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Single molecule; optical trap; optical tweezers; RecBCD; helicase; tethered particle motion ID RNA-POLYMERASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OPTICAL TWEEZERS; DNA TRANSLOCATION; HELICASE; FORCE; RECOMBINATION; TRANSCRIPTION; BIOCHEMISTRY; MECHANISM AB RecBCD is a processive molecular motor composed of two independent helicase domains and a nuclease domain. Understanding the molecular mechanism of its motor activity involves, in part, determining RecBCD's translocation properties (e.g., velocity, propensity to pause, pause duration). Single-molecule techniques, in general, and optical trapping, specifically, provide for measuring the translocation of individual molecules along DNA. We developed a high-spatial resolution optical-trapping assay for RecBCD. The RecBCD is anchored to the surface via a genetically engineered biotin. This RecBCD-bio exhibited native activity, as measured by biochemical assays. Motion is continuous down to a detection limit of 2 nm, implying a unitary step size below 6 base pairs. Unexpectedly, the catalytic rate changes abruptly and persists at different values for tens of seconds. This technically demanding, high-resolution optical-trapping assay is complemented by a simpler single-molecule assay-the tethered particle motion assay. C1 [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, MCD Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Hung-Wen] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Chem, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. RP Perkins, TT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, MCD Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI Perkins, Thomas/0000-0003-4826-9490; LI, HUNG-WEN/0000-0002-5614-3727 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-60327-354-1 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2010 VL 587 BP 155 EP 172 DI 10.1007/978-1-60327-355-8_11 D2 10.1007/978-1-60327-355-8 PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BNM27 UT WOS:000274938900011 PM 20225148 ER PT J AU Flores-Coto, C Becerril-Martinez, JA Zavala-Garcia, F Gracia, A Burke, JS AF Flores-Coto, Cesar Becerril-Martinez, Jose A. Zavala-Garcia, Faustino Gracia, Adolfo Burke, John S. TI Shrimp postlarvae immigration during the high current velocity period of the flood tide in the Southern Gulf of Mexico SO HIDROBIOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Immigration; Santana inlet; Tabasco ID PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS L.; DOLLARD EMS ESTUARY; STREAM TRANSPORT; ANGUILLA-ROSTRATA; LARVAE; RECRUITMENT; CAROLINA; INLET; PRAWNS; EELS AB The immigration pattern of shrimp postlarvae was analysed in the Santana inlet (Tabasco State, Mexico) during the high current velocity period of the flood tide at the time of the full Moon, throughout the period of greatest postlarvae abundance (April-November). Nets with a 50 cm diameter mouth, 1.5 m long, and a 505 pm mesh were used for simultaneous sampling at three depth levels: 1, surface (0.5 m), 2, mid-water (3.5 m) and 3, bottom (6.5 m). A total of 15,530 postlarvae of Farfantepenaeus duorarum and Litopenaeus setiferus were collected in 101 samples: 33 at level 1, 34 at level 2, and 34 at level 3. More than 75% of L. setiferus larvae were larger than 8 mm and more than 81% of F duorarum were larger than 9 mm. Temperature and salinity varied only slightly, indicating that they do not play a strong role in postlarvae immigration. Postlarvae entered at all water depths. A larvae immigration pattern may be established for both species, with the greatest postlarvae density at the start of the high current velocity period of the flood tide, and a marked decrease towards the end of the period. It is assumed that this immigration pattern allows a deeper penetration into nursery areas and enhances the success of the process of recruitment into estuaries. C1 [Flores-Coto, Cesar; Becerril-Martinez, Jose A.; Zavala-Garcia, Faustino; Gracia, Adolfo] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Burke, John S.] Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC USA. RP Flores-Coto, C (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Ciudad Univ,Apdo Post 70-305, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM coto@cmarl.unam.mx FU Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico FX This study was financed by the Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU UNIV AUTONOMA METROPOLITANA-IZTAPALAPA PI MEXICO PA SAN RAFAEL ATLIXCO NO 186, COL VICENTINA, DELEGACION IZTAPALAPA, MEXICO, 09340, MEXICO SN 0188-8897 J9 HIDROBIOLOGICA JI Hidrobiologica PD JAN-APR PY 2010 VL 20 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 627LH UT WOS:000280040500001 ER PT S AU Woods, SI Carr, SM Carter, AC Jung, TM Datla, RU AF Woods, Solomon I. Carr, Stephen M. Carter, Adriaan C. Jung, Timothy M. Datla, Raju U. BE Holland, AD Dorn, DA TI Calibration of Ultra-Low Infrared Power at NIST SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy IV CY JUN 27-30, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE infrared; radiometry; absolute cryogenic radiometer; traceability; cryogenic; low power; LBIR; NIST ID ABSOLUTE CRYOGENIC RADIOMETER AB The Low Background Infrared (LBIR) facility has developed and tested the components of a new detector for calibration of infrared greater than 1 pW, with 0.1 % uncertainty. Calibration of such low powers could be valuable for the quantitative study of weak astronomical sources in the infrared. The pW-ACR is an absolute cryogenic radiometer (ACR) employing a high resolution transition edge sensor (TES) thermometer, ultra-weak thermal link and miniaturized receiver to achieve a noise level of around 1 fW at a temperature of 2 K. The novel thermometer employs the superconducting transition of a tin (Sn) core and has demonstrated a temperature noise floor less than 3 nK/Hz(1/2). Using an applied magnetic field from an integrated solenoid to suppress the Sn transition temperature, the operating temperature of the thermometer can be tuned to any temperature below 3.6 K. The conical receiver is coated on the inside with infrared-absorbing paint and has a demonstrated absorptivity of 99.94 % at 10.6 mu m. The thermal link is made from a thin-walled polyimide tube and has exhibited very low thermal conductance near 2x10(-7) W/K. In tests with a heater mounted on the receiver, the receiver/thermal-link assembly demonstrated a thermal time constant of about 15 s. Based on these experimental results, it is estimated that an ACR containing these components can achieve noise levels below 1 fW, and the design of a radiometer merging the new thermometer, receiver and thermal link will be discussed. C1 [Woods, Solomon I.; Datla, Raju U.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Woods, SI (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-232-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7742 AR 77421P DI 10.1117/12.857911 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU75 UT WOS:000285834500047 ER PT S AU Nave, G AF Nave, Gillian BE Corbett, IF TI Atomic data for IR and sub-mm wavelengths SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 15 SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th IAU General Assembly CY AUG 03-14, 2009 CL Ctr Convencoes SulAmerica, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL HO Ctr Convencoes SulAmerica ID OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; INFRARED-SPECTRUM; LEVEL ENERGIES; TERM ANALYSIS; FE-I; LINES; REGION; SYSTEM; NM C1 [Nave, Gillian] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gnave@nist.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-1-107-00533-4 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2010 VL 15 BP 539 EP 540 DI 10.1017/S1743921310010616 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUR92 UT WOS:000290186900328 ER PT B AU Xu, XD Shi, XH Lu, CG AF Xu, Xiangde Shi, Xiaohui Lu, Chungu BE Veress, B Szigethy, J TI THEORY AND APPLICATION FOR WARNING AND PREDICTION OF DISASTROUS WEATHER DOWNSTREAM FROM THE TIBETAN PLATEAU SO HORIZONS IN EARTH SCIENCE RESEARCH, VOL 2 SE Horizons in Earth Science Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; TURBULENCE STRUCTURE; SUMMER MONSOON; KALMAN FILTER; ASSIMILATION; SYSTEM; IMPLEMENTATION; CIRCULATION; ENVIRONMENT; FORECASTS C1 [Xu, Xiangde; Shi, Xiaohui] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Lu, Chungu] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lu, Chungu] Colorado State Univ, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Xu, XD (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-61668-709-0 J9 HORIZ EARTH SCI RES PY 2010 BP 35 EP 77 PG 43 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BPT07 UT WOS:000279835100002 ER PT J AU Mebane, CA Arthaud, DL AF Mebane, Christopher A. Arthaud, David L. TI Extrapolating Growth Reductions in Fish to Changes in Population Extinction Risks: Copper and Chinook Salmon SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Cu; extinction risk; Chinook salmon; population modeling; size-selective mortality; threatened species ID JUVENILE STEELHEAD TROUT; ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; AGE-STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; VIABILITY ANALYSIS; COHO SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; SELECTIVE MORTALITY AB Fish commonly respond to stress, including stress from chemical exposures, with reduced growth. However, the relevance to wild populations of subtle and sometimes transitory growth reductions may not be obvious. At low-level, sustained exposures, Cu is one substance that commonly causes reduced growth but little mortality in laboratory toxicity tests with fish. To explore the relevance of growth reductions under laboratory conditions to wild populations, we (1) estimated growth effects of low-level Cu exposures to juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), (2) related growth effects to reduced survival in downriver Chinook salmon migrations, (3) estimated population demographics, (4) constructed a demographically structured matrix population model, and (5) projected the influence of Cu-reduced growth on population size, extinction risks, and recovery chances. Reduced juvenile growth from Cu in the range of chronic criteria concentrations was projected to cause disproportionate reductions in survival of migrating juveniles, with a 7.5% length reduction predicting about a 23% to 52% reduction in survival from a headwaters trap to the next census point located 640 km downstream. Projecting reduced juvenile growth out through six generations (30 years) resulted in little increased extinction risk; however, population recovery times were delayed under scenarios where Cu-reduced growth was imposed. C1 [Mebane, Christopher A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Boise, ID 83704 USA. RP Mebane, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 10095 W Emerald St, Boise, ID 83704 USA. EM cmebane@usgs.gov RI Mebane, Christopher/C-7188-2009 OI Mebane, Christopher/0000-0002-9089-0267 FU National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) FX The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) funded analyses on which this article is based; however, the views expressed are the authors' and are not official policy views of NMFS or USGS. This article has been reviewed in accordance with USGS policy. Mention of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 109 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2010 VL 16 IS 5 BP 1026 EP 1065 AR PII 927924169 DI 10.1080/10807039.2010.512243 PG 40 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 662MD UT WOS:000282810500007 ER PT J AU Kendall, MS Miller, TJ AF Kendall, Matthew S. Miller, Thomas J. TI Relationships among map resolution, fish assemblages, and habitat variables in a coral reef ecosystem SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Multidimensional scaling; Biogeography; Scaling; Caribbean, US Virgin Islands ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; US-VIRGIN-ISLANDS; ST-CROIX; NATIONAL MONUMENT; STOPLIGHT-PARROTFISH; UTILIZATION PATTERNS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; SPARISOMA-VIRIDE; COMPLEXITY AB Benthic maps are broad-scale characterizations that lack the detailed environmental attributes which have been the focus of most prior empirical studies linking reef fish and habitat. We used multivariate analyses to quantify correlations among fish assemblages, local habitat variables, and reef types depicted in benthic maps. Benthic maps of a study system in the U.S. Virgin Islands with high (100 m(2) minimum mapping unit) and low (4,048 m(2) minimum mapping unit) spatial resolution, respectively, were evaluated. Benthic maps depicted six reef types and two shelf positions (lagoon vs. shelf). Fish assemblages and local environmental variables were quantified at random sites throughout the landscape by diver surveys. Multivariate ordination based on either fish assemblages or environmental data did not result in well-separated groups of sites. Mapped reef types were not associated with distinct values of either local environmental variables or fish assemblages. Reef types exhibited substantial overlap in ordination plots based on benthic characteristics with groupings based on fish assemblages showing even greater overlap. Ordination patterns involving reef type were largely the same for both low- and high-resolution maps. In contrast, sites showed clear groups for lagoon and shelf in ordinations based on both environmental variables and fish assemblage composition, respectively. These results suggest that knowledge of the overall fish assemblage or fine-scale environmental characteristics could not be used to predict reef type depicted in benthic maps or vice versa. In contrast, reef zone could be used to predict fish assemblage or fine-scale environmental variables and vice versa. C1 [Kendall, Matthew S.] NOAA, Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Miller, Thomas J.] U Maryland Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Kendall, MS (reprint author), NOAA, Biogeog Branch, 1305 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM matt.kendall@noaa.gov; miller@cbl.umces.edu RI Miller, Thomas/C-2129-2008 OI Miller, Thomas/0000-0001-8427-1614 FU NOAA/NPS; NOAAs Coral Reef Conservation Program; U. Maryland/Chesapeake Biological Lab; NCCOS/CCMA FX We thank the Biogeo and NPS staff for their dedication to collection of field data. M. Monaco, D. Eggleston, R. Gardner, and M. Reaka-Kudla provided valuable guidance on earlier versions of this manuscript. Aspects of this study were completed in partial fulfillment for the first author's doctorate degree at the University of Maryland. This study was funded in part by the NOAA/NPS monitoring partnership, NOAAs Coral Reef Conservation Program, U. Maryland/Chesapeake Biological Lab, and NCCOS/CCMA. This is contribution number 4357 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Chesapeake Biological Laboratory. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2010 VL 637 IS 1 BP 101 EP 119 DI 10.1007/s10750-009-9988-1 PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 538CD UT WOS:000273160800009 ER PT J AU Koussis, AD Georgopoulou, E Kotronarou, A Lalas, DP Restrepo, P Destouni, G Prieto, C Rodriguez, JJ Rodriguez-Mirasol, J Cordero, T Gomez-Gotor, A AF Koussis, A. D. Georgopoulou, E. Kotronarou, A. Lalas, D. P. Restrepo, P. Destouni, G. Prieto, C. Rodriguez, J. J. Rodriguez-Mirasol, J. Cordero, T. Gomez-Gotor, A. TI Cost-efficient management of coastal aquifers via recharge with treated wastewater and desalination of brackish groundwater: general framework SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE aquifer; brackish groundwater; coastal; cost; decision aid; desalination; optimization; recharge; sea intrusion; sustainable; water management; wastewater ID REMEDIATION DESIGN; GENETIC ALGORITHM; MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION; SENSITIVITY THEORY; UNCERTAINTY; SIMULATION; REGIONS; HYDROLOGY; STRATEGY; SYSTEMS AB Semi-arid coastal zones often suffer water-stress, as water demand is high and markedly seasonal, due to agriculture and tourism. Driven by scarcity of surface water, the communities in semi-arid coastal regions turn to aquifers as prime water source; but intensive exploitation of coastal aquifers causes seawater intrusion, which degrades the quality of groundwater. The cost-efficient and sustainable development of coastal aquifers can be achieved through a holistic management scheme which combines two non-traditional water sources: (a) saltwater, to be treated to the desired quality, and (b) wastewater, to be re-claimed to augment aquifer recharge for control of seawater intrusion, and also to meet certain demands. This management scheme is based on the idea that it is cost-advantageous to: (i) desalt brackish groundwater, instead of seawater, as the former requires far less energy, and (ii) to re-use wastewater at only the differential cost to any treatment already practiced. In this paper, we present the general framework of the proposed management scheme, and a decision aid tool (DAT) which has been developed to assist decision makers to explore the scheme's decision space. The DAT uses cost as optimization criterion to screen various management scenarios, via modelling of the dynamic natural-engineered system behaviour, and identifies those cost-efficient ones that meet the water demand and achieve aquifer protection. C1 [Koussis, A. D.; Georgopoulou, E.; Kotronarou, A.] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Environm Res & Sustainable Dev, Athens, Greece. [Restrepo, P.] US Natl Weather Serv, Hydrol Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Destouni, G.; Prieto, C.] Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Rodriguez, J. J.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Rodriguez-Mirasol, J.; Cordero, T.] Univ Malaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain. [Gomez-Gotor, A.] Univ Las Palma de Gran Canaria, Secc Medio Ambiente Ind, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain. RP Koussis, AD (reprint author), Natl Observ Athens, Inst Environm Res & Sustainable Dev, Athens, Greece. EM akoussis@meteo.noa.gr RI Rodriguez Jimenez, Juan Jose/H-4257-2014; Rodriguez-Mirasol, Jose/H-7265-2015; Destouni, Georgia/M-9662-2016 OI Rodriguez Jimenez, Juan Jose/0000-0002-3497-9929; Rodriguez-Mirasol, Jose/0000-0003-0848-281X; Destouni, Georgia/0000-0001-9408-4425 FU Directorate General Research of the European Commission [ENV4-CT97-0459]; Hellenic General Secretariat for Research and Technology; TEMES S.A. FX This work was supported by the Directorate General Research of the European Commission under contract no. ENV4-CT97-0459 (Project WASSER: Utilisation of Groundwater Desalination and Wastewater Reuse in the Water Supply of Seasonally-Stressed Regions), and by the Hellenic General Secretariat for Research and Technology. The work by Georgia Destouni and Carmen Prieto on this paper has in part been carried out within the framework of the Navarino Environmental Observatory (NEO), Greece, supported by TEMES S.A. NR 62 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 40 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PY 2010 VL 55 IS 7 BP 1217 EP 1233 DI 10.1080/02626667.2010.512467 PG 17 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 679WD UT WOS:000284190600012 ER PT J AU Koussis, AD Georgopoulou, E Kotronarou, A Mazi, K Restrepo, P Destouni, G Prieto, C Rodriguez, JJ Rodriguez-Mirasol, J Cordero, T Ioannou, C Georgiou, A Schwartz, J Zacharias, I AF Koussis, A. D. Georgopoulou, E. Kotronarou, A. Mazi, K. Restrepo, P. Destouni, G. Prieto, C. Rodriguez, J. J. Rodriguez-Mirasol, J. Cordero, T. Ioannou, C. Georgiou, A. Schwartz, J. Zacharias, I. TI Cost-efficient management of coastal aquifers via recharge with treated wastewater and desalination of brackish groundwater: application to the Akrotiri basin and aquifer, Cyprus SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE aquifer; brackish groundwater; coastal; cost; desalination; recharge; sea intrusion; sustainable; water management; wastewater ID MODEL AB We investigate the general methodology for an intensive development of coastal aquifers, described in a companion paper, through its application to the management of the Akrotiri aquifer, Cyprus. The Zakaki area of that aquifer, adjacent to Lemessos City, is managed such that it permits a fixed annual agricultural water demand to be met, as well as and a fraction of the water demand of Lemessos, which varies according to available surface water. Effluents of the Lemessos wastewater treatment plant are injected into the aquifer to counteract the seawater intrusion resulting from the increased pumping. The locations of pumping and injection wells are optimized based on least-cost, subject to meeting the demand. This strategy controls sea intrusion so effectively that desalting of only small volumes of slightly brackish groundwater is required over short times, while similar to 2.3 m(3) of groundwater is produced for each 1 m(3) of injected treated wastewater. The cost over the 20-year period 2000-2020 of operation is similar to 40 M(sic) and the unit production cost of potable water is under 0.2 (sic)/m(3). The comparison between the deterministic and stochastic analyses of the groundwater dynamics indicates the former as conservative, i.e. yielding higher groundwater salinity at the well. The Akrotiri case study shows that the proposed aquifer management scheme yields solutions that are preferable to the widely promoted seawater desalination, also considering the revenues from using the treated wastewater for irrigation. C1 [Koussis, A. D.; Georgopoulou, E.; Kotronarou, A.; Mazi, K.] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Environm Res & Sustainable Dev, Athens, Greece. [Restrepo, P.] US Natl Weather Serv, Hydrol Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Destouni, G.; Prieto, C.] Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Rodriguez, J. J.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Rodriguez-Mirasol, J.; Cordero, T.] Univ Malaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain. [Zacharias, I.] Natl Ctr Marine Res, GR-16604 Athens, Greece. RP Koussis, AD (reprint author), Natl Observ Athens, Inst Environm Res & Sustainable Dev, Athens, Greece. EM akoussis@meteo.noa.gr RI Rodriguez Jimenez, Juan Jose/H-4257-2014; Rodriguez-Mirasol, Jose/H-7265-2015; Destouni, Georgia/M-9662-2016 OI Rodriguez Jimenez, Juan Jose/0000-0002-3497-9929; Rodriguez-Mirasol, Jose/0000-0003-0848-281X; Destouni, Georgia/0000-0001-9408-4425 FU Directorate General Research of the European Commission [ENV4-CT97-0459]; Hellenic General Secretariat for Research and Technology; TEMES S.A. FX This work was supported by the Directorate General Research of the European Commission under contract no. ENV4-CT97-0459 (Project WASSER: Utilisation of Groundwater Desalination and Wastewater Reuse in the Water Supply of Seasonally-Stressed Regions), and by the Hellenic General Secretariat for Research and Technology. The work by Georgia Destouni and Carmen Prieto on this paper has in part been carried out within the framework of the Navarino Environmental Observatory (NEO), Greece, supported by TEMES S.A. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 EI 2150-3435 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PY 2010 VL 55 IS 7 BP 1234 EP 1245 DI 10.1080/02626667.2010.512469 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 679WD UT WOS:000284190600013 ER PT J AU Frappart, F Papa, F Guntner, A Werth, S Ramillien, G Prigent, C Rossow, WB Bonnet, MP AF Frappart, F. Papa, F. Guentner, A. Werth, S. Ramillien, G. Prigent, C. Rossow, W. B. Bonnet, M. -P. TI Interannual variations of the terrestrial water storage in the Lower Ob' Basin from a multisatellite approach SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RIVER DISCHARGE; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; INUNDATION AREA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND WATER; GRACE; MODEL; VARIABILITY; VALIDATION; HYDROLOGY AB Temporal variations of surface water volume over inundated areas of the Lower Ob' Basin in Siberia, one of the largest contributor of freshwater to the Arctic Ocean, are estimated using combined observations from a multisatellite inundation dataset and water levels over rivers and floodplains derived from the TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) radar altimetry. We computed time-series of monthly maps of surface water volume over the common period of available T/P and multisatellite data (1993-2004). The results exhibit interannual variabilities similar to precipitation estimates and river discharge observations. This study also presents monthly estimates of groundwater and permafrost mass anomalies during 2003-2004 based on a synergistic analysis of multisatellite observations and hydrological models. Water stored in the soil is isolated from the total water storage measured by GRACE when removing the contributions of both the surface reservoir, derived from satellite imagery and radar altimetry, and the snow estimated by inversion of GRACE measurements. The time variations of groundwater and permafrost are then obtained when removing the water content of the root zone reservoir simulated by hydrological models. C1 [Frappart, F.; Ramillien, G.; Bonnet, M. -P.] Univ Toulouse, OMP, GET, UMR 5563, Toulouse, France. [Papa, F.; Rossow, W. B.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Guentner, A.; Werth, S.] GFZ, Potsdam, Germany. [Ramillien, G.] CNRS, OMP, GET, UMR 5563, Toulouse, France. [Prigent, C.] CNRS, Lab Etud Rayonnement & Matiere Astrophys, Observ Paris, Paris, France. [Bonnet, M. -P.] IRD, OMP, GET, UR 154, Toulouse, France. RP Frappart, F (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, OMP, GET, UMR 5563, Toulouse, France. EM frederic.frappart@lmtg.obs-mip.fr RI Papa, Fabrice/D-3695-2009; Guntner, Andreas/C-9892-2011; Frappart, Frederic/D-2950-2009; Rossow, William/F-3138-2015; Bonnet, Marie-Paule/J-6888-2016; OI Papa, Fabrice/0000-0001-6305-6253; Guntner, Andreas/0000-0001-6233-8478; Bonnet, Marie-Paule/0000-0002-3950-4041; Frappart, Frederic/0000-0002-4661-8274 FU NASA [NNDX7AO90E] FX This work was partly supported by the foundation STAE in the framework of the CYMENT project and by NASA's NEWS Grant NNDX7AO90E managed by Jared K. Entin. The authors would like to thank the Centre de Topographie des Oceans et de l'Hydrosphere (CTOH) at Laboratoire d'Etudes en Geophysique et Oceanographie Spatiales (LEGOS), Observatoire Midi-Pyrenees (OMP), Toulouse, France, for the provision of the Topex/Poseidon GDR dataset. They also wish to thank two anonymous referees for their constructive remarks. NR 56 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2010 VL 14 IS 12 BP 2443 EP 2453 DI 10.5194/hess-14-2443-2010 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 698EX UT WOS:000285576800006 ER PT J AU Polito, MJ Miller, AK Trivelpiece, SG Trivelpiece, WZ AF Polito, Michael J. Miller, Aileen K. Trivelpiece, Susan G. Trivelpiece, Wayne Z. TI Maturation increases early reproductive investment in Adelie Penguins Pygoscelis adeliae SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE age; clutch size; egg size; female investment; laying date; reproduction ID THICK-BILLED MURRES; EGG-SIZE; BREEDING PERFORMANCE; HATCHING ASYNCHRONY; CATHARACTA-SKUA; WESTERN GULLS; GREAT SKUAS; LAYING DATE; FEMALE AGE; SURVIVAL AB Correlations between female investment in egg production and age, breeding experience and laying date have been reported in several seabird species. In general, clutch and egg sizes increase with female age and breeding experience but decrease with laying date. Positive correlations of clutch and egg size with age and breeding experience can be caused by an increase in reproductive investment with maturation or they may be an artefact of lower survival rates for individuals with poor-quality phenotypes. Negative correlations of clutch and egg size with laying date might signal an adaptive reduction in egg production or be due in part to variation among individuals. We examined the interactions of female age, breeding experience, laying date and clutch and egg size in Adelie Penguins Pygoscelis adeliae. Breeding experience strongly affected clutch size with 87.3% of all one-egg clutches laid by first-time breeders. In addition, increasing age had a positive influence on egg size and was associated with earlier laying dates. However, there was little evidence to suggest that either clutch or egg sizes are influenced by laying date. Laying dates and clutch and egg sizes did not affect a female's probability of returning to breed in the following year, indicating that increased investment is a product of maturation and not of the loss of poor-quality breeders from the population. Our results suggest that as female Adelie Penguins gain foraging and breeding experience they are able to initiate breeding earlier, to lay complete clutches of two eggs and to lay larger eggs. C1 [Polito, Michael J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Miller, Aileen K.; Trivelpiece, Susan G.; Trivelpiece, Wayne Z.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Polito, MJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, 601 S Coll Dr, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM mjp7454@uncw.edu RI Polito, Michael/G-9118-2012 OI Polito, Michael/0000-0001-8639-4431 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [OPP 0344275]; Pew Charitable Trusts FX We thank the numerous researchers who have worked at the Admiralty Bay field camp: without them this study would not have been possible. This research was funded by a grant to W. and S. Trivelpiece from the U.S. National Science Foundation (OPP 0344275). Additional support from the Lenfest Ocean programme of the Pew Charitable Trusts is gratefully acknowledged. We thank N. Ratcliffe, R. Phillips and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. J. Blum, R. Boulton and C. Zavalaga provided valuable statistical advice. This work complies with, and was completed in accordance with, an Antarctic Conservation Act permit provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0019-1019 EI 1474-919X J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JAN PY 2010 VL 152 IS 1 BP 38 EP 47 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 530FI UT WOS:000272574000006 ER PT S AU Barbosa, N Kim, S Read, DT AF Barbosa, N. Kim, S. Read, D. T. BE Bremand, F TI From the bottom up - measuring bulk mechanical properties via microtechnology SO ICEM 14: 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS, VOL 6 SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Experimental Mechanics (ICEM14) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL Poitiers, FRANCE SP European Assoc Expt Mech (EURASEM), French Soc Mech (AFM), Grp Adv Methods Stress Anal (GAMAC), Natl Ctr Sci Res (CNRS), Univ Poitiers, British Soc Stain Measurement (BSSM), Soc Expt Mech, Japanese Soc Expt Mech (JSEM) C1 [Barbosa, N.; Kim, S.; Read, D. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Barbosa, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM barbosa@boulder.nist.gov RI Barbosa, Nicholas/D-8917-2012 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2010 VL 6 AR 40001 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20100640001 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BVK40 UT WOS:000291704000270 ER PT J AU Murawski, SA Steele, JH Taylor, P Fogarty, MJ Sissenwine, MP Ford, M Suchman, C AF Murawski, Steven A. Steele, John H. Taylor, Phillip Fogarty, Michael J. Sissenwine, Michael P. Ford, Michael Suchman, Cynthia TI Why compare marine ecosystems? SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE comparative marine ecosystem analysis; decision-support tools; EAM; EBM; ecological modelling; ecosystem approaches to management; ecosystem-based management ID REGIME SHIFTS; GEORGES BANK; MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGY; BIODIVERSITY; IMPACTS; PSEUDOREPLICATION; SUSTAINABILITY; PRODUCTIVITY; COMMUNITIES AB Murawski, S. A., Steele, J. H., Taylor, P., Fogarty, M. J., Sissenwine, M. P., Ford, M., and Suchman, C. 2010. Why compare marine ecosystems? - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1-9. C1 [Murawski, Steven A.; Ford, Michael] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Steele, John H.; Sissenwine, Michael P.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Taylor, Phillip; Suchman, Cynthia] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Fogarty, Michael J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Murawski, SA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM steve.murawski@noaa.gov NR 52 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 28 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 67 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp221 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 531SA UT WOS:000272687300001 ER PT J AU Nye, JA Bundy, A Shackell, N Friedland, KD Link, JS AF Nye, Janet A. Bundy, Alida Shackell, Nancy Friedland, Kevin D. Link, Jason S. TI Coherent trends in contiguous survey time-series of major ecological and commercial fish species in the Gulf of Maine ecosystem SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation; Bay of Fundy; coherence; dynamic factor analysis; Georges Bank; Gulf of Maine; minimum; maximum autocorrelation analysis; Scotian Shelf; Synchrony; time-series analysis ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC-OCEAN; CLUPEA-HARENGUS COMPLEX; SPATIAL SYNCHRONY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SURVIVAL RATES; SCOTIAN SHELF; REGIME SHIFTS; ATLANTIC AB Nye, J. A., Bundy, A., Shackell, N., Friedland, K. D., and Link, J. S. 2010. Coherent trends in contiguous survey time-series of major ecological and commercial fish species in the Gulf of Maine ecosystem. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 26-40. C1 [Nye, Janet A.; Link, Jason S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bundy, Alida; Shackell, Nancy] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Friedland, Kevin D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Nye, JA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM janet.nye@noaa.gov RI Bundy, Alida/H-2884-2015; OI Bundy, Alida/0000-0002-4282-0715; Shackell, Nancy/0000-0001-5128-948X FU NEFSC; NOAA NMFS Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) programme FX The Fisheries and Oceans, Canada, Ecosystem Research Initiative provided funds for a workshop that initiated this research hosted by the NEFSC in Woods Hole. Maureen Taylor of the NEFSC provided wind data and analysis from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The NOAA NMFS Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) programme supported JAN. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript and Alain Zuur for assistance with the Brodgar software. NR 52 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 67 IS 1 BP 26 EP 40 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp216 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 531SA UT WOS:000272687300004 ER PT J AU Brooks, EN Powers, JE Cortes, E AF Brooks, Elizabeth N. Powers, Joseph E. Cortes, Enric TI Analytical reference points for age-structured models: application to data-poor fisheries SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biological reference points; depletion; life history; maximum lifetime reproduction; SPR; steepness ID BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE POINTS; MAXIMUM REPRODUCTIVE RATE; GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; MANAGEMENT; STOCK; RECRUITMENT; PATTERNS; UNCERTAINTY; POPULATIONS AB Brooks, E. N., Powers, J. E., and Cortes, E. 2010. Analytical reference points for age-structured models: application to data-poor fisheries. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 165-175. C1 [Brooks, Elizabeth N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Powers, Joseph E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Cortes, Enric] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Brooks, EN (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM liz.brooks@noaa.gov RI Cortes, Enric/H-2700-2013 FU NOAA; Southeast Fishery Science Center FX This work was first presented at the 2006 MOTE Symposium (Sarasota, FL, USA), which was sponsored in part by NOAA and the Southeast Fishery Science Center. NR 55 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 67 IS 1 BP 165 EP 175 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp225 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 531SA UT WOS:000272687300016 ER PT J AU Fielitz, H Remley, KA Holloway, CL Zhang, Q Wu, Q Matolak, DW AF Fielitz, Helge Remley, Kate A. Holloway, Christopher L. Zhang, Qian Wu, Qiong Matolak, David W. TI Reverberation-Chamber Test Environment for Outdoor Urban Wireless Propagation Studies SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Fading simulator; power delay profile; reverberation chamber; wireless device testing ID MODEL AB We introduce a test environment to replicate the well-known "clustering" of reflections in power delay profiles arising from late-time delays and reflections. Urban wireless propagation environments are known to exhibit such clustering. The test setup combines discrete reflections generated by a fading simulator with the continuous distribution of reflections created in a reverberation chamber. We describe measurements made in an urban environment in Denver, CO, that illustrate these multiple distributions of reflections. Our comparison of measurements made in the urban environment to those made in the new test environment shows good agreement. C1 [Fielitz, Helge] Tech Univ Hamburg, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany. [Remley, Kate A.; Holloway, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zhang, Qian; Wu, Qiong; Matolak, David W.] Ohio Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Fielitz, H (reprint author), Tech Univ Hamburg, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany. EM remley@boulder.nist.gov FU Public Safety Communications Research Lab, Office of Law Enforcement Standards, NIST FX Manuscript received November 13, 2009; manuscript revised January 05, 2010. Date of publication February 05, 2010; date of current version March 05, 2010. This work was supported in part by the Public Safety Communications Research Lab, Office of Law Enforcement Standards, NIST. Work of the US government not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2010 VL 9 BP 52 EP 56 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2010.2042272 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 565NN UT WOS:000275300800013 ER PT J AU Floris, SJ Remley, KA Holloway, CL AF Floris, S. J. Remley, K. A. Holloway, C. L. TI Bit Error Rate Measurements in Reverberation Chambers Using Real-Time Vector Receivers SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Bit error rate (BER); digital modulation; reverberation chamber; vector signal analyzer (VSA); vector signal generator (VSG); wireless communications ID ENVIRONMENT; SIMULATION; ARRAY AB We discuss practical measurement implementation methods when using laboratory-grade vector instrumentation to measure bit error rate (BER) in the highly reflective, time-variant environment of a reverberation chamber. These methods include synchronizing the transmitted and received signals in spite of time-varying path lengths created in the reverberation chamber and minimizing potential receiver loss of lock after a long-duration fade by use of a simple error-correction scheme. Use of general laboratory instrumentation, rather than application-specific digital receivers, facilitates study of the multipath channel created in the reverberation chamber on BER. C1 [Floris, S. J.; Remley, K. A.; Holloway, C. L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Floris, S. J.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, Fac Elect Engn, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP Floris, SJ (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM remley@boulder.nist.gov FU Eindhoven University of Technology FX The authors thank J. Ladbury and G. Koepke of NIST for their advice and technical support in this study, S. Prather of AT&T for helpful discussions, and A. G. Tijhuis of the Eindhoven University of Technology for advice and support. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2010 VL 9 BP 619 EP 622 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2010.2053513 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 653JV UT WOS:000282087500006 ER PT J AU Cutter, GR Demer, DA AF Cutter, George R., Jr. Demer, David A. TI Multifrequency Biplanar Interferometric Imaging SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Acoustic imaging; echosounder; interferometry; multiple frequency ID MULTIPLE-FREQUENCY METHOD; MULTIBEAM ECHOSOUNDER; BATHYMETRY; ME70 AB The resolution of 3-D imaging is greatly improved using a new multifrequency biplanar interferometry (MBI) technique. Using data from a multifrequency-acoustic pulse-echo system, ranges to coherent targets, estimated from propagation delays, and the phase differences between echoes received with four quadrants of a split-aperture array are converted to Cartesian distances, and transformed into Earth coordinates. The collective data set is interpolated to create a surface closely approximating the target's image. The resolution of the resulting image is improved orders of magnitude relative to those created with measures based on echo-intensity or single-frequency uniplanar interferometry. The effectiveness of MBI is demonstrated using data from a multifrequency (18 to 200 kHz) split-aperture echosounder system to produce composite high-resolution (sub-meter precision) images of the seabed sensed at long ranges (tens to hundreds of meters). MBI can be broadly applied to data from split-aperture remote-sensing systems which use acoustic or electromagnetic waves. C1 [Cutter, George R., Jr.; Demer, David A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Cutter, GR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM George.Cutter@noaa.gov; David.Demer@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 7 IS 1 BP 171 EP 175 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2009.2029533 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 575PI UT WOS:000276079000035 ER PT J AU An, T Ohnishi, N Eguchi, T Hasegawa, Y Kabos, P AF An, Toshu Ohnishi, Nobuhito Eguchi, Toyoaki Hasegawa, Yukio Kabos, Pavel TI Local Excitation of Ferromagnetic Resonance and Its Spatially Resolved Detection With an Open-Ended Radio-Frequency Probe SO IEEE MAGNETICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Magnetodynamics; microwave imaging; magnetostatic waves; ferrites AB A local excitation of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and its detection were performed by using an open-ended radio-frequency (RF) probe. The RF probe is composed of a coaxial cable transmitting broadband RF waves over 10 GHz and a sharp metal tip attached to its end. In the reflection spectrum (S-11) taken on a polycrystalline yttrium iron garnet disk, three kinds of FMR absorption signals were observed. Intensity of the three signals showed strong spatial dependences over the sample, demonstrating the potential of the local probe for spatially resolved FMR microscopy. C1 [An, Toshu] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, PRESTO, Tokyo 1020075, Japan. [An, Toshu; Ohnishi, Nobuhito; Eguchi, Toyoaki; Hasegawa, Yukio] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Kabos, Pavel] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP An, T (reprint author), Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, PRESTO, Tokyo 1020075, Japan. EM an@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Eguchi, Toyoaki/E-4644-2011 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1949-307X J9 IEEE MAGN LETT JI IEEE Magn. Lett. PY 2010 VL 1 AR 3500104 DI 10.1109/LMAG.2010.2040247 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V31VD UT WOS:000208910200011 ER PT J AU Goldfarb, RB AF Goldfarb, Ronald B. TI Early History of the IEEE Magnetics Society and Introduction to IEEE MAGNETICS LETTERS SO IEEE MAGNETICS LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Editorial; IEEE MAGNETICS LETTERS; IEEE Magnetics Society; scholarly publishing; scientific and technical societies AB The IEEE Magnetics Group came into existence two years after the American Institute of Electrical Engineers and the Institute of Radio Engineers merged to form the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Since the establishment of IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, scholarly publishing has been one of the organization's major activities. A new electronic journal, IEEE MAGNETICS LETTERS, follows in that tradition. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Goldfarb, RB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM goldfarb@boulder.nist.gov RI Goldfarb, Ronald/A-5493-2011 OI Goldfarb, Ronald/0000-0002-1942-7974 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1949-307X J9 IEEE MAGN LETT JI IEEE Magn. Lett. PY 2010 VL 1 AR 0000104 DI 10.1109/LMAG.2009.2033258 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V31VD UT WOS:000208910200001 ER PT J AU FitzPatrick, GJ Wollman, DA AF FitzPatrick, Gerald J. Wollman, David A. GP IEEE TI NIST Interoperability Framework and Action Plans SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT PES General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE Demand Response; Electric Storage; Cyber Security; Standards AB The 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act gave NIST the role of coordinating with industry and government stakeholders the development of an interoperability framework for Smart Grid (SG) devices and systems, including standards and protocols. The goal is to achieve seamless interoperability of SG devices and systems across the power system from generator to consumer. With the collaboration of many smart grid stakeholders who provided input through a series of workshops, domain expert working group activities, and other direct interactions, NIST has published the "NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Release 1.0" document. It includes a conceptual reference model for the SG, standards identified for implementation, a set of standards priority action plans (PAPs), and a cyber security risk management framework and strategy. In 2009, a SG Interoperability Panel (SGIP) that comprises representatives from SG stakeholders across the board was established to further the development of the Interoperability Framework, support the development of new and revised PAPs, and coordination with the Standards Development Organizations (SDOs). This paper reports on progress made in the development and implementation of the Interoperability Framework, the SGIP activities, and on the progress on tasks for standards harmonization and development defined in the PAPs. C1 [FitzPatrick, Gerald J.; Wollman, David A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP FitzPatrick, GJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gerald.fitzpatrick@nist.gov; david.wollman@nist.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611905053 ER PT B AU Nelson, TL FitzPatrick, GJ AF Nelson, T. L. FitzPatrick, G. J. GP IEEE TI NIST Role in the Interoperable Smart Grid SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT PES General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE Demand Response; Electric Storage; Cyber Security; Standards AB The 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) gave NIST the role of coordinating with industry and government stakeholders the development of an interoperability framework for Smart Grid (SG) devices and systems, including standards and protocols. The goal is to achieve seamless interoperability across the power system from generator to consumer. NIST is in the process of identifying the standards necessary to achieve interoperability. C1 [Nelson, T. L.; FitzPatrick, G. J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nelson, TL (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.nelson@nist.gov; gerald.fitzpatrick@nist.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611905024 ER PT J AU Benkstein, KD Raman, B Montgomery, CB Martinez, CJ Semancik, S AF Benkstein, Kurt D. Raman, Baranidharan Montgomery, Christopher B. Martinez, Carlos J. Semancik, Steve TI Microsensors in Dynamic Backgrounds: Toward Real-Time Breath Monitoring SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Biological gases; gas detectors; microsensors; multidimensional signal processing; nanotechnology ID MICROHOTPLATE PLATFORMS; OXIDE AB We evaluated a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) microsensor array with temperature-controlled chemi-resistive elements for use as a noninvasive clinical diagnostic tool to detect the presence or absence of trace amounts of disease biomarkers in simulated breath samples. The microsensor environment was periodically altered between air (78% N(2), 21% O(2) by volume, 20% relative humidity) and simulated breath (77% N(2), 16% O(2), 4% CO(2) by volume, 80% relative humidity) samples creating a dynamic background. Acetone, a disease marker for diabetes, was spiked into select simulated breath samples at relevant concentrations (0.5 mu mol/ mol to 8 mu mol/mol) to pose a diagnostic problem for the sensor array. Using standard statistical dimensionality reduction and classification algorithms, we compared the ability of a variety of sensing materials to detect and recognize the disease marker. Our analyses indicate that the porous, doped nanoparticle materials (Sb:SnO(2) microshell films and Nb:TiO(2) nanoparticle films) are best for the recognition problem (acetone present versus absent), but that WO(3) and SnO(2) films are better at the quantification task (high versus low concentrations of acetone). C1 [Benkstein, Kurt D.; Raman, Baranidharan; Montgomery, Christopher B.; Semancik, Steve] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Martinez, Carlos J.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Benkstein, KD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kurt.benkstein@nist.gov FU National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Research Council FX The work of B. Raman was supported by a joint National Institutes of Health ( National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering)/National Institute of Standards and Technology joint postdoctoral fellowship from the National Research Council. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. Cristina Davis. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 BP 137 EP 144 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2009.2035738 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 533SM UT WOS:000272845200002 ER PT J AU Gharavi, H AF Gharavi, Hamid TI Editorial Message From the Incoming Editor-in-Chief SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gharavi, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gharavi@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8215 J9 IEEE T CIRC SYST VID JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1109/TCSVT.2009.2035775 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 543HX UT WOS:000273566200002 ER PT J AU Yan, B Gharavi, H AF Yan, Bo Gharavi, Hamid TI A Hybrid Frame Concealment Algorithm for H.264/AVC SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Error concealment; error-resilient video transmission; H.264/AVC ID ERROR-PRONE CHANNELS; VIDEO; RECOVERY AB In packet-based video transmissions, packets loss due to channel errors may result in the loss of the whole video frame. Recently, many error concealment algorithms have been proposed in order to combat channel errors; however, most of the existing algorithms can only deal with the loss of macroblocks and are not able to conceal the whole missing frame. In order to resolve this problem, in this paper, we have proposed a new hybrid motion vector extrapolation (HMVE) algorithm to recover the whole missing frame, and it is able to provide more accurate estimation for the motion vectors of the missing frame than other conventional methods. Simulation results show that it is highly effective and significantly outperforms other existing frame recovery methods. C1 [Yan, Bo] Fudan Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Gharavi, Hamid] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yan, B (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM byan@fudan.edu.cn; gharavi@nist.gov RI Yan, Bo/B-2502-2012 FU NSFC [60703034]; Shanghai Pujiang Program [07PJ14017] FX Manuscript received January 02, 2008; revised August 02, 2009. First published September 15, 2009; current version published December 16, 2009. Parts of this work were presented at the 2008 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing. This work was supported in part by the NSFC under Grant 60703034 and in part by the Shanghai Pujiang Program under Grant 07PJ14017. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Dr. Sohail Dianat. NR 31 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 19 IS 1 BP 98 EP 107 DI 10.1109/TIP.2009.2032311 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 533SC UT WOS:000272844000009 PM 19758866 ER PT J AU Safronova, MS Jiang, DS Arora, B Clark, CW Kozlov, MG Safronova, UI Johnson, WR AF Safronova, Marianna S. Jiang, Dansha Arora, Bindiya Clark, Charles W. Kozlov, Mikhail G. Safronova, Ulyana I. Johnson, Walter R. TI Black-Body Radiation Shifts and Theoretical Contributions to Atomic Clock Research SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the European Frequency and Time Forum/IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY 2009 CL Besancon, FRANCE SP IEEE ID ALKALI-METAL ATOMS; OPTICAL CLOCK; ABSOLUTE FREQUENCY; ENERGY-LEVELS; STARK-SHIFT; TRANSITION; LEVEL; LASER; ION AB A review of theoretical calculations of black-body radiation (BBR) shifts in various systems of interest to atomic clock research is presented. Calculations for monovalent systems, such as Ca+, Sr+, and Rb are carried out using a relativistic all-order single-double method, where all single and double excitations of the Dirac-Fock wave function are included to all orders of perturbation theory. A recently developed method for accurate calculations of BBR shifts in divalent atoms such as Sr is discussed. This approach combines the relativistic all-order method and the configuration interaction method. The evaluation of uncertainties in theoretical values of BBR shifts is discussed in detail. C1 [Safronova, Marianna S.; Jiang, Dansha; Arora, Bindiya] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kozlov, Mikhail G.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Neutron Res Div, Gatchina, Russia. [Safronova, Ulyana I.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Johnson, Walter R.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Safronova, MS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM msafrono@udel.edu RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Kozlov, Mikhail/D-8963-2011 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Kozlov, Mikhail/0000-0002-7751-6553 NR 48 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD JAN PY 2010 VL 57 IS 1 SI SI BP 94 EP 105 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2010.1384 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 604PE UT WOS:000278290200014 PM 20040432 ER PT B AU Fahey, AJ Thorne, BB Zeissler, MF AF Fahey, Albert. J. Thorne, Barbara B. Zeissler, Mitchell F. BE Callaos, N Chu, HW Krittaphol, W Lesso, W Savoie, MJ TI Accommodating High-Volume Experimental Data from Scientific Equipment while Maintaining Security and Regulatory Compliance in a Moderate Size Diverse Collaborative Environment SO IMCIC 2010: INTERNATIONAL MULTI-CONFERENCE ON COMPLEXITY, INFORMATICS AND CYBERNETICS, VOL II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Multi-Conference on Complexity, Informatics and Cybernetics CY APR 06-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & Syst DE scientific computing; hyperspectral datasets; US Federal Computer Systems AB The Surface and Microanalysis Science Division (SMSD) of the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) performs research with surface-oriented and microscopy related instruments. The work spans a range of applications from semiconductors and electronics, to biological and medical, from nano-materials to aerosols and particles. This article discusses the implementation of a network-connected system of computers designed to accommodate high speed access to large data sets (gigabytes to terabytes) yet allow the end-users (scientists) the tools along with the flexibility and freedom they need to perform their work. It was assembled at modest cost for a division of approximate to 60 staff and approximate to 200 computers. The system is highly automated, simple to understand and service and can be managed and maintained by a relatively small staff. In addition, the implemented system is secure, allows regular automated software updates, allows configuration changes, and conforms to Federal Information security Management Act (FISMA) requirements [1]. The system incorporates and accommodates various operating systems and attempts to consolidate as many administrative tasks as possible under the management of centralized servers. C1 [Fahey, Albert. J.; Thorne, Barbara B.; Zeissler, Mitchell F.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fahey, AJ (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-934272-88-6 PY 2010 BP 357 EP 361 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG7KZ UT WOS:000391416900066 ER PT B AU Bedard, AJ AF Bedard, Alfred. J., Jr. GP ASME TI The Infrasound Network (ISNet) as an 88D Adjunct Tornado Detection Tool: The Status of Infrasonic Tornado Detection SO IMECE2009, VOL 15: SOUND, VIBRATION AND DESIGN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 13-19, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP ASME ID CONVECTIVE STORMS; VORTICES C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bedard, AJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4388-8 PY 2010 BP 263 EP 265 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRF62 UT WOS:000282621100034 ER PT B AU Ostashev, VE Bedard, AJ Vecherin, SN Wilson, DK AF Ostashev, Vladimir E. Bedard, Alfred J. Vecherin, Sergey N. Wilson, D. Keith GP ASME TI ACOUSTIC TRAVEL-TIME TOMOGRAPHY OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE LAYER SO IMECE2009, VOL 15: SOUND, VIBRATION AND DESIGN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 13-19, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP ASME C1 [Ostashev, Vladimir E.; Bedard, Alfred J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ostashev, VE (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4388-8 PY 2010 BP 299 EP 303 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRF62 UT WOS:000282621100039 ER PT B AU Knutson, TR AF Knutson, Thomas R. BE Charabi, Y TI Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change: An Indian Ocean Perspective SO INDIAN OCEAN TROPICAL CYCLONES AND CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE TC frequencies; TC intensities C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Knutson, TR (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-3108-2 PY 2010 BP 47 EP 49 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3109-9_7 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-3109-9 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BNL52 UT WOS:000274863400007 ER PT B AU Levinson, DH Knapp, KR Kruk, MC Diamond, HJ Kossin, JP AF Levinson, David H. Knapp, Kenneth R. Kruk, Michael C. Diamond, Howard J. Kossin, James P. BE Charabi, Y TI The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) Project: Overview of Methods and Indian Ocean Statistics SO INDIAN OCEAN TROPICAL CYCLONES AND CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) Project C1 [Levinson, David H.; Knapp, Kenneth R.; Diamond, Howard J.; Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Kruk, Michael C.] STG Inc, Asheville, NC USA. RP Levinson, DH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RI Knapp, Kenneth/E-9817-2011; Kossin, James/C-2022-2016 OI Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-3108-2 PY 2010 BP 215 EP 221 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3109-9_26 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-3109-9 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BNL52 UT WOS:000274863400026 ER PT B AU Li, RCL Unguris, J Edelstein, AS Burnette, JE Fischer, GA Nowak, ER Egelhoff, WF Pong, PWT AF Li, Ronald C. L. Unguris, J. Edelstein, Alan S. Burnette, J. E. Fischer, G. A. Nowak, Edmund R. Egelhoff, William F., Jr. Pong, Philip W. T. BE Chu, PKI TI Magnetic Tunnel Junction Magnetic Field Sensor Design Tool SO INEC: 2010 3RD INTERNATIONAL NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International NanoElectronics Conference (INEC)/Symposium on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in China CY JAN 03-08, 2010 CL City Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE HO City Univ Hong Kong AB A spreadsheet-based magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) sensor design tool is presented in this paper. The system is developed using Excel and Visual Basic Application. It allows users to optimize the various parameters of the sensor design with the goal of SQUID-like sensitivity. Users can input parameters of the design including magnetic properties, junction areas, and free layers thicknesses. The design tool will then calculate and display automatically various noise sources including Johnson noise, shot noise, 1/f noise, and thermal magnetic noise that must be considered when building MTJ magnetic field sensors. Graphs predicting the sensitivities, operating current and power of the finished sensors are shown and fine tuning of each design parameter is allowed using the scrollbars provided. Using this design tool, effects of changes made to any design parameter can be clearly observed and detailed noise analysis can be studied without manually repeating complex calculations. C1 [Li, Ronald C. L.; Pong, Philip W. T.] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Unguris, J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Tech, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Edelstein, Alan S.; Burnette, J. E.; Fischer, G. A.] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Nowak, Edmund R.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Egelhoff, William F., Jr.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, RCL (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM ppong@eee.hku.hk RI Unguris, John/J-3989-2014 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3543-2 PY 2010 BP 1149 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQW82 UT WOS:000282026500585 ER PT S AU Amon, F Leber, D Rowe, J AF Amon, Francine Leber, Dennis Rowe, Justin BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Multi-variate perception testing for fire service thermal imager evaluations SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXI CY APR 06-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE evaluation; fire fighting; human perception; infrared camera; performance; metrics; thermal imager AB This work provides an answer to the question "How good does the image need to be?" for testing image quality of fire service thermal imagers. Fire fighters were asked to identify potential fire hazards in 4500 images that had been degraded in brightness, contrast, spatial resolution, and noise level. A perception model was built from the resulting data. The methods of degrading the images used to develop the perception model were mathematically related to methods employed in objective laboratory-scale image quality testing. Thus, the perception model could be used to establish pass/fail criteria for objective laboratory-scale image quality tests of nonuniformity, spatial resolution, and effective temperature range for fire service thermal imagers. The perception model was applied to images that were collected using a high resolution visible camera focused on the thermal imager's display while the thermal imager viewed a variety of thermal targets. In this way, the subjectivity of human perception testing is applied equally to all thermal imagers being tested for compliance to a nationally standardized set of image quality tests. As fire service imaging needs and test methods evolve, the perception testing can be updated with different image types and scenarios. C1 [Amon, Francine] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Amon, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM francine.amon@nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8126-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7662 AR 76620K DI 10.1117/12.850312 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSO14 UT WOS:000285083100017 ER PT S AU Raja, MKRV Battles, D Wu, XQ Bauch, H Yu, FF Lambeck, RW Sun, NH Albinana, AP Montagner, F AF Raja, M. K. Rama Varma Battles, Douglas Wu, Xiangqian Bauch, Helmut Yu, Fangfang Lambeck, Robert W. Sun, Ninghai Albinana, Abelardo Perez Montagner, Francois BE Strojnik, M Paez, G TI In-Orbit Health and Performance of Operational AVHRR Instruments SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XVIII CY AUG 01-03, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE AVHRR; Operational Monitoring NEdT; SNR AB The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) instruments on board NOAA-18, MetOp-A and NOAA-19 satellites are key components of the current operational NOAA-EUMETSAT Initial Joint Polar System (IJPS) and are routinely monitored. Overall, the results of trending analysis show that the AVHRR instruments on NOAA-18/19 and MetOp-A are functioning well outperforming the channel noise specification limits. The backup NOAA-17 AVHRR functioned well for the on-orbit period prior to the onset of scan motor failure around April 11, 2010. The sun-earth-satellite geometry driven seasonality is exhibited by temperature measurements from thermistors on various instrument housing components including blackbody with the exception of patch temperature which is typically maintained stable. The only electrical measurement which exhibits seasonality is patch power. It is shown that the seasonality has no significant adverse impact on AVHRR radiometric performance. On the other hand the space view is adversely affected by intermittent periodic lunar signals and ubiquitous low frequency variability presumably connected to space clamping mechanism. Based on this it is suggested that the AVHRR channel noise estimation should be based on blackbody view. Finally, the temporal stability of the monitored parameters and the smaller or comparable magnitudes of seasonal variability in most of the instrument housekeeping measurements as compared to their orbital variability confirm the good health of AVHRR instruments on-board NOAA-18/19 and MetOp-A. C1 [Raja, M. K. Rama Varma; Sun, Ninghai] NOAA NESDIS STAR, IM Syst Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Raja, MKRV (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, IM Syst Grp Inc, Room 712,World Weather Bldg,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Yu, Fangfang/E-7942-2011; Sun, Ninghai/B-6970-2008; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010 OI Yu, Fangfang/0000-0001-8343-0863; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8304-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7808 AR 780814 DI 10.1117/12.861273 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSU80 UT WOS:000285836500030 ER PT S AU Radebaugh, R Garaway, I Veprik, AM AF Radebaugh, Ray Garaway, Isaac Veprik, Alexander M. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI Development of Miniature, High Frequency Pulse Tube Cryocoolers SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXVI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXVI CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Cryocoolers; cryogenics; detectors; high frequency; high power density; miniature; pulse tubes; refrigerators; review; sensors; Stirling AB Because acoustic power density is proportional to frequency, the size of pulse tube cryocoolers for a given refrigeration power can be reduced by operating them at higher frequencies. A frequency of about 60 Hz had been considered the maximum frequency that could be used while maintaining high efficiency. Recently, we have shown through modeling that by decreasing the volume and hydraulic diameter of the regenerator and increasing the average pressure, it is possible to maintain high efficiency even for frequencies of several hundred hertz. Subsequent experimental results have demonstrated high efficiencies for frequencies of 100 to 140 Hz. The very high power density achieved at higher pressures and higher frequencies leads to very short cooldown times and very compact devices. The use of even higher frequencies requires the development of special compressors designed for such conditions and the development of regenerator matrices with hydraulic diameters less than about 30 mu m. To demonstrate the advantages of higher frequency operation, we discuss here the development of a miniature pulse tube cryocooler designed to operate at 80 K with a frequency of 150 Hz and an average pressure of 5.0 MPa. The regenerator diameter and length are 4.4 mm and 27 mm, respectively. The lowest temperature achieved to date has been 97 K, but a net refrigeration power of 530 mW was achieved at 120 K. Acoustic mismatches with existing compressors significantly limit the efficiency, but necessary modifications to improve the acoustic impedance match between the compressor and the cold head are discussed briefly. C1 [Radebaugh, Ray; Garaway, Isaac] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Radebaugh, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8124-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7660 AR 76602J DI 10.1117/12.852766 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSR52 UT WOS:000285545300086 ER PT S AU Woods, SI Kaplan, SG Jung, TM Carter, AC Datla, RU AF Woods, Solomon I. Kaplan, Simon G. Jung, Timothy M. Carter, Adriaan C. Datla, Raju U. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI Cryogenic Fourier transform spectrometer for infrared spectral calibrations from 4 to 20 micrometers SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXVI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXVI CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE infrared; radiometry; calibration; cryogenic; Fourier-transform spectrometer AB We present initial performance data from a cryogenic Fourier transform spectrometer (Cryo-FTS) designed for low-background spectral infrared calibrations. The Cryo-FTS operates at a temperature of approximately 15 K and has been integrated into an infrared transfer radiometer containing a calibrated Si: As blocked impurity band (BIB) detector. Because of its low operating temperature, the spectrometer exhibits negligible thermal background signal and low drift. Data from tests of basic spectrometer function, such as modulation efficiency, scan jitter, spectral range, spectral resolution and sweep speed will be presented. We will also discuss calibration techniques and results pertinent to operation of the Cryo-FTS as part of a calibration instrument, including background, signal offset and gain, and spectral noise equivalent power. The spectrometer is presently limited to wavelengths below 25 micrometers but can be in principle extended to longer wavelengths by replacing its KBr beamsplitter with another beamsplitter engineered for use beyond 25 micrometers. C1 [Woods, Solomon I.; Kaplan, Simon G.; Jung, Timothy M.; Carter, Adriaan C.; Datla, Raju U.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Woods, SI (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8124-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7660 AR 76602I DI 10.1117/12.850392 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSR52 UT WOS:000285545300085 ER PT B AU Garces, M Willis, M Le Pichon, A AF Garces, M. Willis, M. Le Pichon, A. BE LePichon, A Blanc, E Hauchecorne, A TI Infrasonic Observations of Open Ocean Swells in the Pacific: Deciphering the Song of the Sea SO INFRASOUND MONITORING FOR ATMOSPHERIC STUDIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NATURAL INFRASOUND; MICROSEISMS; MICROBAROMS; WAVES; GENERATION; ATMOSPHERE C1 [Garces, M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, HIGP, Kailua, HI 96740 USA. [Le Pichon, A.] CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [Willis, M.] Natl Weather Serv, NC Weather Forecast Off, Newport, NC 28570 USA. RP Garces, M (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, HIGP, 73-4460 Queen Kaahumanu Hwy,119, Kailua, HI 96740 USA. EM milton@isla.hawaii.edu NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-4020-9507-8 PY 2010 BP 235 EP 248 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9508-5_7 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BNS70 UT WOS:000275431400007 ER PT B AU Trushenski, J Flagg, T Kohler, C AF Trushenski, Jesse Flagg, Thomas Kohler, Christopher BE Hubert, WA Quist, MC TI Use of Hatchery Fish for Conservation, Restoration, and Enhancement of Fisheries SO INLAND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COHO SALMON; UNITED-STATES; WILD POPULATIONS; PACIFIC SALMON; STRIPED BASS; BROWN TROUT; STOCKING; SURVIVAL; STEELHEAD; GROWTH C1 [Trushenski, Jesse; Kohler, Christopher] So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Flagg, Thomas] Manchester Res Stn, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Trushenski, J (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NR 102 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-16-5 PY 2010 BP 261 EP 293 PG 33 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BSB43 UT WOS:000284075600009 ER PT S AU Postek, MT Vladar, AE Keery, W Bishop, M Bunday, B Allgair, J AF Postek, Michael T. Vladar, Andras E. Keery, William Bishop, Michael Bunday, Benjamin Allgair, John BE Postek, MT Allgair, JA TI Multipurpose instrument calibration standard for particle beam, scanned probe and optical microscopy: NIST reference material (RM) 8820 SO INSTRUMENTATION, METROLOGY, AND STANDARDS FOR NANOMANUFACTURING IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for Nanomanufacturing IV CY AUG 02-04, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Nat Inst Standards Technol DE standards; scanning electron microscope; traceability; magnification; field of view; scale; calibration ID MAGNIFICATION STANDARD; PROTOTYPE AB NIST has introduced a new standard for dimensional metrology and the calibration of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) scale identified as Reference Material (RM) 8820. RM 8820 was primarily intended to be used for calibrating the X and Y scale (or magnification) in SEMs but, can be used for an many other purposes. Essentially, all laboratory microscopes can be calibrated to this same artifact. The NIST pattern is only one part of a very large array of test structures that were designed for various dimensional metrology purposes useful to semiconductor production technologies. These and other purposes, discussed in the presentation, RM 8820 can also be used on/in any other type of microscope, such as optical and scanning probe microscopes and for scatterometry measurements. C1 [Postek, Michael T.; Vladar, Andras E.; Keery, William] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Postek, MT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8263-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7767 AR 77670D DI 10.1117/12.861595 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BSU52 UT WOS:000285828500006 ER PT S AU Baumann, E Giorgetta, FR Coddington, I Swann, WC Newbury, NR AF Baumann, Esther Giorgetta, Fabrizio R. Coddington, Ian Swann, William C. Newbury, Nathan R. BE Towers, CE Schmit, J Creath, K TI Spectroscopy with a coherent dual frequency comb interferometer at 3.4 mu m SO INTERFEROMETRY XV: TECHNIQUES AND ANALYSIS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interferometry XV - Techniques and Analysis CY AUG 02-04, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Frequency combs; Mid-IR; Molecular spectroscopy ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROMETER; GENERATION AB A coherent dual fiber-comb spectrometer centered at 1.5 mu m wavelengths is transferred to 3.4 mu m by difference-frequency generation with a 1064 nm cw laser. It is shown that the residual linewidth between the comb teeth at 3.4 mu m is resolution-limited to 200 mHz; such narrow linewidths can enable coherent dual-comb spectroscopy at high-precision and signal-to-noise ratio. We then discuss different interferometric configurations for coherent dual-comb spectroscopy. We find that a two-branch interferometric setup is appropriate to measure both the magnitude and phase spectrum of purely Doppler-broadened absorption lines. An initial measurement of methane lines in the upsilon(3) band P-branch with a resolution of 114 MHz is demonstrated. C1 [Baumann, Esther; Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.; Coddington, Ian; Swann, William C.; Newbury, Nathan R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Baumann, E (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM esther.baumann@boulder.nist.gov RI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014; Baumann, Esther/P-1315-2015 OI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912; Baumann, Esther/0000-0002-6569-2090 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8286-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7790 AR 77900X DI 10.1117/12.859730 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BXG28 UT WOS:000296025400032 ER PT J AU Rajakumar, B McCabe, DC Talukdar, RK Ravishankara, AR AF Rajakumar, B. McCabe, David C. Talukdar, Ranajit K. Ravishankara, A. R. TI Rate Coefficients for the Reactions of OH with n-Propanol and iso-Propanol between 237 and 376 K SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; RELATIVE RATE CONSTANTS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; HYDROXYL RADICALS; ALIPHATIC-ALCOHOLS; CHLORINE ATOMS; SERIES; 1-PROPANOL; OXYGEN; ULTRAVIOLET AB The rate coefficients for the reaction OH + CH(3)CH(2)CH(2)OH -> products (k(1)) and OH + CH(3)CH(OH)CH(3) -> products (k(2)) were measured by the pulsed-laser photolysis-laser-induced fluorescence technique between 237 and 376 K. Arrhenius expressions for k(1) and k(2) are as follows: k(1) = (6 2 +/- 0.8) x 10(-12) exp[-(10 +/- 30)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), with k(1) (298 K) = (5.90 +/- 0.56) x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), and k(2) = (3.2 +/- 0.3) x 10(-12) exp[(150 +/- 20)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), with k(2)(298) = (5.22 +/- 0.46) x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The quoted uncertainties are at the 95% confidence level and include estimated systematic errors. The results are compared with those from previous measurements and rate coefficient expressions for atmospheric modeling are recommended. The absorption cross sections for n-propanol and iso-propartol at 184.9 nm were measured to be (8.89 +/- 0.44) x 10(-19) and (1.90 +/- 0.10) x 10(-18) cm(2) molecule(-1). respectively. The atmospheric implications of the degradation of n-propanol and iso-propanol are discussed. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 42: 10-24, 2010 C1 [Rajakumar, B.; McCabe, David C.; Talukdar, Ranajit K.; Ravishankara, A. R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Rajakumar, B.; McCabe, David C.; Talukdar, Ranajit K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McCabe, David C.; Ravishankara, A. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Talukdar, RK (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Talukdar@noaa.gov RI B, Rajakumar/H-3479-2011; TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/G-4530-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/0000-0001-6017-8431; FU NOAA's Climate Program; Air Quality Research Program FX The authors thank James B. Burkholder for the help in the measurement of absorption cross sections of n-propanol and iso-propanol at 248 nm with a diode-array spectrometer. This work is funded in part by NOAA's Climate Program and the Air Quality Research Program. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 42 IS 1 BP 10 EP 24 DI 10.1002/kin.20456 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 538NG UT WOS:000273190600002 ER PT J AU Wang, B Shao, M Roberts, JM Yang, G Yang, F Hu, M Zeng, LM Zhang, YH Zhang, JB AF Wang, Bin Shao, Min Roberts, James M. Yang, Guang Yang, Fan Hu, Min Zeng, Limin Zhang, Yuanhang Zhang, Jianbo TI Ground-based on-line measurements of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and peroxypropionyl nitrate (PPN) in the Pearl River Delta, China SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PAN; PPN; regional ozone pollution; transportation; PRD ID NITROGEN-OXIDES; MEXICO-CITY; OZONE; AIR; HYDROCARBONS; OXIDATION; AREAS; URBAN; MPAN AB Aiming at understanding the regional O-3 problem and the impacts of city to rural areas, ambient peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and peroxypropionyl nitrate (PPN) were measured by an on-line instrument at a back garden site (BGS), and a receptor site for urban plume from Guangzhou city. The highest mixing ratios for PAN and PPN were 3.9 and 0.7 ppbv, respectively. PAN and PPN had a similar diurnal pattern as that of O-3. As revealed by the slope of the linear regression line between PPN and PAN, anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (AVOCs) dominated photochemical O-3 production most of the time. From the correlation between PAN and O-3, the regional background level of O-3 was derived to be 28 +/- 15 ppbv. Two night-time plumes containing elevated PAN and O-3 were observed, and the backward-trajectory analysis supported the transport of urban plume from Guangzhou city. Based on the temporal variation of PPN/PAN, two day-time episodes were also selected to discuss the influence from Guangzhou. C1 [Wang, Bin; Shao, Min; Yang, Guang; Yang, Fan; Hu, Min; Zeng, Limin; Zhang, Yuanhang; Zhang, Jianbo] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Joint Key Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Roberts, James M.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, ESRL Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Roberts, James M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zhang, JB (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Joint Key Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM jbzhang@pku.edu.cn RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Zhang, Yuanhang/F-7038-2011; SHAO, Min/C-7351-2014; Zeng, Limin/D-3948-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; FU National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) [2006AA06A301]; China National Basic Research and Development Program [2002CB410801] FX This work was supported by The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) 2006AA06A301, and the China National Basic Research and Development Program 2002CB410801. The authors thank Cheng-Hsun Lai for VOCs data. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-7319 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PY 2010 VL 90 IS 7 BP 548 EP 559 DI 10.1080/03067310903194972 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 574VN UT WOS:000276022400003 ER PT J AU Wang, HQ Hladik, CM Huang, WR Milla, K Edmiston, L Harwell, MA Schalles, JF AF Wang, Hongqing Hladik, C. M. Huang, Wenrui Milla, K. Edmiston, L. Harwell, M. A. Schalles, J. F. TI Detecting the spatial and temporal variability of chlorophyll-a concentration and total suspended solids in Apalachicola Bay, Florida using MODIS imagery SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID COASTAL WATERS; OYSTER POPULATION; MATTER AB Apalachicola Bay, Florida, accounts for 90% of Florida's and 10% of the nation's eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) harvesting. Chlorophyll-a concentration and total suspended solids (TSS) are two important water quality variables, among other environmental factors such as salinity, for eastern oyster production in Apalachicola Bay. In this research, we developed regression models of the relationships between the reflectance of the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra 250 m data and the two water quality variables based on the Bay-wide field data collected during 14-17 October 2002, a relatively dry period, and 3-5 April 2006, a relatively wet period, respectively. Then we selected the best regression models (highest coefficient of determination, R(2)) to derive Bay-wide maps of chlorophyll-a concentration and TSS for the two periods. The MODIS-derived maps revealed large spatial and temporal variations in chlorophyll-a concentration and TSS across the entire Apalachicola Bay. C1 [Wang, Hongqing; Hladik, C. M.; Huang, Wenrui; Milla, K.; Harwell, M. A.; Schalles, J. F.] Florida A&M Univ, NOAA, Environm Cooperat Sci Ctr, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Wang, Hongqing] IAP World Serv, USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Hladik, C. M.] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Edmiston, L.] Florida Dept Environm Protect, Apalachicola, FL 32320 USA. [Harwell, M. A.] Harwell Gentile & Associates LC, Palm Coast, FL 32164 USA. RP Wang, HQ (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, NOAA, Environm Cooperat Sci Ctr, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. EM wangh@usgs.gov OI Wang, Hongqing/0000-0002-2977-7732; Schalles, John/0000-0003-4228-1288 FU US Environmental Protection Agency [RD-83088001]; Florida A& M University (FAMU); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA17AE1624] FX This research was supported by funding from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA STAR Grant # RD-83088001) to the Environmental Sciences Institute (ESI), Florida A& M University (FAMU), and funding from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to the Environmental Cooperative Science Center (ECSC) at FAMU (NOAA Cooperative Agreement # NA17AE1624). We are grateful to NASA Goddard Earth Science (GES) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for providing MODIS data. We thank Terry Haran, Rich Hucek, and Shuisen Chen for their assistance with MODIS data preprocessing including the correction of bow-tie effect. We also acknowledge Drs Larry Robinson, Jennifer Cherrier, Elijah Johnson, Ping Hsieh, and the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions to improve the manuscript. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 2 BP 439 EP 453 DI 10.1080/01431160902893485 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 544HT UT WOS:000273646000013 ER PT J AU Grasso, LD Sengupta, M Demaria, M AF Grasso, Lewis D. Sengupta, Manajit Demaria, Mark TI Comparison between observed and synthetic 6.5 and 10.7 mu m GOES-12 imagery of thunderstorms that occurred on 8 May 2003 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; DATA ASSIMILATION; MODEL CLOUDS; DRYLINE; MICROPHYSICS; MOISTURE; SPACE AB Over the past few years, a numerical system to produce synthetic satellite images has been developed at the Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere. This is being done to better understand imagery from current and future sensors. This system consists of a mesoscale model and an observational operator. Synthetic imagery of a boundary layer capped stratus cloud and an idealized thunderstorm have been produced by past investigators. In this publication, this system was applied to a thunderstorm event that occurred over the central plains of the USA on 8 May 2003. The main purpose of this study is to extend previous research by comparing observed and synthetic GOES-12 imagery of thunderstorms from an observed event. Synthetic 6.5 and 10.7 mm GOES-12 satellite imagery was produced and compared to actual 6.5 and 10.7 mm GOES-12 imagery from 8 May 2003. Multiple two-way interactive nested grids and two-moment microphysics were employed in this study. Various statistics were used to compare synthetic satellite imagery with observed satellite imagery. Results show that the synthetic imagery was reasonably similar to observed imagery. An approximate 2% cold bias, though, was evident in the synthetic imagery associated with the tops of the simulated thunderstorms. When the calculation of brightness temperatures was done a second time, the number of vertical levels was increased an order of magnitude: the 2% cold bias remained. This led to the conclusion that the bias was related to simulated thunderstorms that were more intense than observed thunderstorms and possibly cooler simulated tropopause temperatures. C1 [Grasso, Lewis D.; Sengupta, Manajit] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Demaria, Mark] NOAA NESDIS ORA RAMMB, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Grasso, LD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, 1375 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM grasso@cira.colostate.edu RI DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ1228] FX Acknowledgements This material is based on work supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant No. NA17RJ1228. Further, thanks are extended to Drs Stephen Tjemkes, Martin Setvak, Tim Schmit and Robert Aune for their helpful comments to improve this manuscript. The views, opinions, and findings in this report are those of the authors, and should not be construed as an official NOAA and or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 3 BP 647 EP 663 DI 10.1080/01431160902894483 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 572ZI UT WOS:000275877100006 ER PT J AU Datla, RV Kessel, R Smith, AW Kacker, RN Pollock, DB AF Datla, R. V. Kessel, R. Smith, A. W. Kacker, R. N. Pollock, D. B. TI Uncertainty analysis of remote sensing optical sensor data: guiding principles to achieve metrological consistency SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Review AB Climate change monitoring requires decades-long time-series radiometric measurements using multiple optical sensors in multiple platforms covering the globe. The problem of achieving traceability to SI units for these measurements is discussed. A major challenge is to determine the result of a measurement and its associated uncertainty using various calibration and validation processes. These processes are plagued by systematic (non-statistical) uncertainties that are not well understood. In particular, different, but in principle equivalent, SI traceable measurements may differ by more than would be expected from the uncertainties associated with the individual measurements. We propose a methodology based on the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) for the analysis of uncertainties in such measurements along with consistency checking. This allows the measurement result and its associated uncertainty to evolve as new knowledge is gained from additional experiments, and it promotes greater caution in drawing conclusions in view of the sparse measurements. We use data from ongoing total solar irradiance measurements from various instruments in orbit to illustrate the principles. C1 [Datla, R. V.; Kessel, R.; Smith, A. W.; Kacker, R. N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pollock, D. B.] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Kessel, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ruediger.kessel@nist.gov NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 4 BP 867 EP 880 DI 10.1080/01431160902897882 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 572ZO UT WOS:000275877800003 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Lin, H Li, XF Zuo, JC Zheng, QN Pichel, WG Liu, YG AF Xu, Qing Lin, Hui Li, Xiaofeng Zuo, Juncheng Zheng, Quanan Pichel, William G. Liu, Yuguang TI Assessment of an analytical model for sea surface wind speed retrieval from spaceborne SAR SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; OCEAN; SCATTEROMETER; SPECTRUM; BACKSCATTER; SCATTERING; WAVES AB An analytical model based on radar backscatter theory was utilized to retrieve sea surface wind speeds from C-band satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data at either vertical (VV) or horizontal (HH) polarization in transmission and reception. The wind speeds were estimated from several ENVISAT Advanced SAR (ASAR) images in Hong Kong coastal waters and from Radarsat-1 SAR images along the west coast of North America. To evaluate the accuracy of the analytical model, the estimated wind speeds were compared to coincident buoy measurements, as well as winds retrieved by C-band empirical algorithms (CMOD4, CMOD_IRF2 and CMOD5). The comparison shows that the accuracy of the analytical model is comparable to that of the C-band empirical algorithms. The results indicate the capability of the analytical model for sea surface wind speed retrieval from SAR images at both VV and HH polarization. C1 [Xu, Qing; Zuo, Juncheng] Hohai Univ, Coll Ocean, Coll Traff, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China. [Xu, Qing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Lin, Hui] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Inst Space & Earth Informat Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, IMSG, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Zheng, Quanan] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pichel, William G.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Liu, Yuguang] Ocean Univ China, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Hohai Univ, Coll Ocean, Coll Traff, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China. EM xuqing215@yahoo.com.cn RI Zheng, Quanan/F-9025-2010; Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics [SOED0909]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [IAP09316]; Scientific Research Foundation of Hohai University; Office of Naval Research [N00014-05-1-0606] FX Radarsat-1 SAR data used in this study were processed at the Alaska Satellite Facility of the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. The ENVISAT ASAR data were received at ESA's designated Hong Kong Envisat ground station. This work was supported by the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics through grant SOED0909, by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences through grant IAP09316 and partly by the Scientific Research Foundation of Hohai University and by the Office of Naval Research through grant N00014-05-1-0606 (for Zheng). Support for NOAA participation came from the NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing Program. We also thank the editor and reviewers for their valuable suggestions. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 4 BP 993 EP 1008 DI 10.1080/01431160902922870 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 572ZO UT WOS:000275877800010 ER PT J AU Hong, G Heygster, G Notholt, J Weng, FZ Liu, QH AF Hong, Gang Heygster, G. Notholt, J. Weng, Fuzhong Liu, Quanhua TI Simulations of microwave brightness temperatures at AMSU-B frequencies over a 3D convective cloud system SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE-ORDINATE METHOD; VECTOR RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; SOUNDING UNIT; IMAGING RADIOMETER; MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; SCATTERING ATMOSPHERE; MESOSCALE MODEL; CIRRUS CLOUDS; WATER-VAPOR; ICE AB Numerical simulations have been carried out to understand the effects of clouds associated with a tropical deep convective cloud system on the Advanced Microwave Sensor Unit-B (AMSU-B) channels at 89, 150, 183.3 +/- 7, 183.3 +/- 3, and 183.3 +/- 1 GHz. The hydrometeor profiles including cloud liquid water, cloud ice, snow, graupel, and rain water for a deep convective cloud system simulated by a realistic dynamical cloud model, the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble model, have been input to a Vector Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer model to simulate the nadir down-looking microwave brightness temperatures at the top of the atmosphere. It is found that the AMSU-B channels have large brightness temperature depressions occurring over the clouds with large ice water paths. Moreover, for the three water vapour sounding frequencies around 183.3 GHz, the frequencies broader and further away from the centre of the water vapour absorption line show stronger depressions. The three water vapour channels, particularly the channels closer to the absorption line centre, essentially have negligible influence from liquid water. However, the window frequencies at 89 and 150 GHz have distinct influence from liquid water, particularly the 150 GHz, although they are also strongly influenced by frozen hydrometeors. The AMSU-B frequencies at 150 GHz and water vapour channels of 183.3 +/- 7 and 183.3 +/- 3 GHz are sensitive to cirrus clouds with total ice water paths above 0.1-0.2 kgm(-2). The influence of deep convective clouds and thick cirrus clouds on the AMSU-B water vapour channels demonstrates that they have a potential to estimate ice water paths in thick cirrus clouds and in the upper parts of deep convective clouds, which can complement the retrievals from the 89 and 150 GHz channels. C1 [Hong, Gang] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Heygster, G.; Notholt, J.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Satellite Meteorol & Climatol Div, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Liu, Quanhua] NOAA, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Liu, Quanhua] QSS Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Hong, G (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM hong@ariel.met.tamu.edu RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010; Hong, Gang/A-2323-2012; Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179; Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1781 EP 1800 DI 10.1080/01431160902926640 PG 20 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 592OP UT WOS:000277389200007 ER PT J AU Bhuiyan, C Kogan, FN AF Bhuiyan, C. Kogan, F. N. TI Monsoon variation and vegetative drought patterns in the Luni Basin in the rain-shadow zone SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID EAST-AFRICA; INDEX; DYNAMICS; PRECIPITATION; SAHEL; INDIA; AVHRR AB Drought has a significant impact on agricultural, ecological and socio-economic spheres. Poor and delayed monsoon, high temperature and insufficient water resources lead to recurrent drought in the Luni River basin located in the rain-shadow zone of western India. In the present study, monsoon variation was studied in relation to spatio-temporal patterns of vegetative drought in the Luni Basin. The Vegetation Condition Index, the Temperature Condition Index and the Vegetation Health Index derived through multi-channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite were used for drought monitoring, and seasonal variation in rainfall and vegetation response were analysed, compared and correlated. The study finds inconsistent and erratic rainfall patterns in the Luni Basin. The monsoon variation was found to control vegetation health during the monsoon season but sometimes in the non-monsoon period too, and vegetative drought intensity and duration vary widely depending upon moisture and thermal stresses. Inertia in vegetation health is reflected in the inter-seasonal persistence of vegetative drought conditions. The study finds that a good monsoon helps in maintaining vegetation health during following seasons. On the contrary, vegetation health is found to be more sensitive to moisture and thermal stresses in the immediate season after a drought. C1 [Bhuiyan, C.] Univ Delhi, Sch Environm Studies, Delhi 110007, India. [Kogan, F. N.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Bhuiyan, C (reprint author), Univ Delhi, Sch Environm Studies, Delhi 110007, India. EM cbhuiyan@gmail.com RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 12 BP 3223 EP 3242 AR PII 924588933 DI 10.1080/01431160903159332 PG 20 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 628WC UT WOS:000280153800010 ER PT J AU Khan, SI Hong, Y Vieux, B Liu, WJ AF Khan, Sadiq Ibrahim Hong, Yang Vieux, Baxter Liu, Wenjuan TI Developmentevaluation of an actual evapotranspiration estimation algorithm using satellite remote sensingmeteorological observational network in Oklahoma SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Fall American-Geophysical-Union Meeting CY DEC 13-14, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union, Mineralog Soc Amer, Dept Energy ID DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; LAND-SURFACE EVAPORATION; CROP COEFFICIENTS; ENERGY-BALANCE; WATER-VAPOR; BOWEN-RATIO; NOAA-AVHRR; MODIS; TEMPERATURE; MODEL AB Actual evapotranspiration (AET) estimation using satellite sensors can improve water resources planningwater regulation in irrigated areas. This paper evaluates an AET estimation algorithm developed by integrating satellite remote sensingan environmental monitoring network in Oklahoma, USA for operational daily water management purpose. First, a surface energy balance evapotranspiration (ET) algorithm is implemented to estimate actual ET by integrating the twice-daily overpass of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor dataOklahoma's world-class environmental monitoring network-Mesonet-with 5-minute data acquisition in real time. Second, accuracy of the estimated ET is evaluated at the site scale using Ameriflux tower latent heat fluxMesonet site crop ET on daily, 8-dayseasonal basis. The results showed that MODIS/Mesonet-AET (MM-AET) estimation showed agreement with ground observations, with daily ET bias less than 15%seasonal bias less than 8%. Additionally, actual ET modelled from a water balance budget analysis in a heavily instrumented basin compares favourably (bias < 3%) with the MM-AET at catchment scales with an order of several hundreds square kilometres. This study demonstrates that (1) the MM-AET estimation is acceptable for daily actual ET estimation(2) it is feasible to implement the proposed MM-AET algorithm in real time for irrigational water resources management at the scale of irrigation projects in Oklahoma. C1 [Khan, Sadiq Ibrahim; Hong, Yang; Vieux, Baxter] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Khan, Sadiq Ibrahim; Hong, Yang; Vieux, Baxter] Natl Weather Ctr, Ctr Nat Hazard & Disaster Study, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Liu, Wenjuan] NW A&F Univ, Coll Resource & Environm, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Prov, Peoples R China. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Khan, Sadiq/B-8209-2012; OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Vieux, Baxter/0000-0001-8814-4380 NR 64 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 14 BP 3799 EP 3819 AR PII 925191365 DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.483487 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 634XC UT WOS:000280618500009 ER PT J AU Liu, P Zhao, CF Li, XF He, MX Pichel, W AF Liu, Peng Zhao, Chaofang Li, Xiaofeng He, Mingxia Pichel, William TI Identification of ocean oil spills in SAR imagery based on fuzzy logic algorithm SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID AUTOMATIC DETECTION; NEURAL-NETWORKS AB Ocean oil spills cause serious damage to the marine environment, especially around coastal waters. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been proven to be a useful tool for oil spill detection under low to moderate wind conditions. SAR operates in the microwave band and the data is not affected by the cloud cover and day/night conditions. However, the operational application of SAR for oil spill detection in the ocean is limited by false alarm targets or lookalike phenomena such as low wind speed, natural films, etc. In this study, we develop analysis of variance (ANOVA) to extract the features based on their characteristic geometry, grey level and texture features in the SAR images. We further analysed a fuzzy logic algorithm to separate oil spills features from lookalikes. We trained this algorithm using 38 SAR images (11 ENVISAT-Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) and 27 European Remote Sensing (ERS)-2 SAR images) with 120 known oil spills and 80 lookalikes to generate an oil spill probability of a dark pixel in a SAR image. An independent set of 26 SAR images were used to validate the algorithm and it was found that 80.9% of the oil spills were correctly classified, and 20.0% of the lookalikes were wrongly classified as oil spills. The complete algorithmic procedure was coded in Matlab7.0 using its Fuzzy Logic Toolbox. C1 [Liu, Peng; Zhao, Chaofang; He, Mingxia] Ocean Univ China, Ocean Remote Sensing Inst, Minist Educ China, Key Lab Ocean Remote Sensing, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofeng] WWBG, IMSG, NOAA NESDIS, NOAA E RA3, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Pichel, William] WWBG, NOAA NESDIS STAR, NOAA E RA3, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Liu, P (reprint author), Ocean Univ China, Ocean Remote Sensing Inst, Minist Educ China, Key Lab Ocean Remote Sensing, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. EM liupeng-qdst@163.com RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 17-18 BP 4819 EP 4833 AR PII 927353226 DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.485147 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 659PJ UT WOS:000282579100023 ER PT J AU Heidinger, AK Straka, WC Molling, CC Sullivan, JT Wu, XQ AF Heidinger, Andrew K. Straka, William C., III Molling, Christine C. Sullivan, Jerry T. Wu, Xiangqian TI Deriving an inter-sensor consistent calibration for the AVHRR solar reflectance data record SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED CHANNELS; COEFFICIENTS; RADIATION; NOAA-12 AB A new set of reflectance calibration coefficients has been derived for channel 1 (0.63 m) and channel 2 (0.86 m) of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) flown on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) polar orbiting meteorological satellites. This paper uses several approaches that are radiometrically tied to the observations from National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imager to make the first consistent set of AVHRR reflectance calibration coefficients for every AVHRR that has ever flown. Our results indicate that the calibration coefficients presented here provide an accuracy of approximately 2% for channel 1 and 3% for channel 2 relative to that from the MODIS sensor. C1 [Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Straka, William C., III; Molling, Christine C.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Sullivan, Jerry T.; Wu, Xiangqian] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Heidinger, AK (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM Andrew.Heidinger@noaa.gov RI Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU NOAA [NA07OAR4310199] FX This study was funded in part by NOAA grant NA07OAR4310199. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 24 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 24 BP 6493 EP 6517 AR PII 931185578 DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.496472 PG 25 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 695CA UT WOS:000285347000010 ER PT J AU Molling, CC Heidinger, AK Straka, WC Wu, XQ AF Molling, Christine C. Heidinger, Andrew K. Straka, William C., III Wu, Xiangqian TI Calibrations for AVHRR channels 1 and 2: review and path towards consensus SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED CHANNELS; HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; SIMULTANEOUS NADIR OBSERVATIONS; INTERSATELLITE CALIBRATION; VISIBLE CHANNEL; IR BANDS; NOAA-7; COEFFICIENTS; SPACECRAFT; REFLECTANCE AB The over three-decade-long data record from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) is ideal for studies of the Earth's changing climate. However, the lack of on-board calibration requires that the solar channels be recalibrated after launch. Numerous calibration studies have been conducted, but significant differences remain among the calibrations. This study is one effort to outline a path towards consensus calibration of the AVHRR solar channels. The characteristics of the polar orbiting satellites bearing the AVHRRs, the AVHRR instruments and data are described as they are related to calibration. A review of past and current calibration studies is also presented and examples of their lack of consensus shown. A list of consensus items is then provided that, if followed by the AVHRR calibration community, should bring the various calibration methods to within the small percent difference required for long-term climate detection. C1 [Molling, Christine C.; Straka, William C., III] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wu, Xiangqian] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Molling, CC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM cmolling@wisc.edu RI Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU NOAA [NA07OAR4310199] FX We thank the members of the AVHRR calibration community who shared their most recent efforts with us and answered all of our questions. We also wish to thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions that improved this paper. This work was funded by NOAA grant NA07OAR4310199. NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 24 BP 6519 EP 6540 AR PII 931180814 DI 10.1080/01431161.2010.496473 PG 22 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 695CA UT WOS:000285347000011 ER PT J AU Mell, WE Manzello, SL Maranghides, A Butry, D Rehm, RG AF Mell, William E. Manzello, Samuel L. Maranghides, Alexander Butry, David Rehm, Ronald G. TI The wildland-urban interface fire problem - current approaches and research needs SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fuel treatments; wildfire; wildland fires ID BURNING STRUCTURES; FUEL BEDS; FIREBRANDS; IGNITION; PROPAGATION; GENERATION; BEHAVIOR AB Wildfires that spread into wildland-urban interface (WUI) communities present significant challenges on several fronts. In the United States, the WUI accounts for a significant portion of wildland fire suppression and wildland fuel treatment costs. Methods to reduce structure losses are focussed on fuel treatments in either wildland fuels or residential fuels. There is a need for a well-characterised, systematic testing of these approaches across a range of community and structure types and fire conditions. Laboratory experiments, field measurements and fire behaviour models can be used to better determine the exposure conditions faced by communities and structures. The outcome of such an effort would be proven fuel treatment techniques for wildland and residential fuels, risk assessment strategies, economic cost analysis models, and test methods with representative exposure conditions for fire-resistant building designs and materials. C1 [Rehm, Ronald G.] RGR Consulting, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Mell, William E.; Manzello, Samuel L.; Maranghides, Alexander; Butry, David; Rehm, Ronald G.] NIST, BFRL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mell, WE (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, ESL, GSD, 325 Broadway R-GSD6, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM william.mell@nist.gov FU Joint Fire Sciences Program [JFSP 07-1-5-08] FX Many individuals at Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL)-NIST were helpful in conducting the experiments described in this article. The authors acknowledge the NIST Large Fire Laboratory staff, in particular Mr Laurean DeLauter, Mr Edward Hnetovsky and Mr Jack Lee (deceased). Mr John R. Shields of BFRL-NIST participated in the firebrand experiments and, along with Dr Tom Cleary, Dr Seul-Hyun Park, developed the rapid-response instrumentation. The assistance of Mr Jimmy Zurenko in the post-fire field studies is gratefully acknowledged. Partially funding for this work was received from the Joint Fire Sciences Program under Project JFSP 07-1-5-08. NR 68 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 8 U2 53 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2010 VL 19 IS 2 BP 238 EP 251 DI 10.1071/WF07131 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 575XW UT WOS:000276106500009 ER PT J AU Roads, J Tripp, P Juang, H Wang, J Fujioka, F Chen, S AF Roads, J. Tripp, P. Juang, H. Wang, J. Fujioka, F. Chen, S. TI NCEP-ECPC monthly to seasonal US fire danger forecasts SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE climate models; fire climatology ID REGIONAL SPECTRAL MODEL; REANALYSIS; CLIMATE; SYSTEM AB Five National Fire Danger Rating System indices (including the Ignition Component, Energy Release Component, Burning Index, Spread Component, and the Keetch-Byram Drought Index) and the Fosberg Fire Weather Index are used to characterise US fire danger. These fire danger indices and input meteorological variables, including temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, cloud cover and wind speed, can be skilfully predicted at weekly to seasonal time scales by a global to regional dynamical prediction system modified from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's Coupled Forecast System. The System generates global and regional spectral model ensemble forecasts, which in turn provide required input meteorological variables for fire danger. Seven-month US regional forecasts were generated every month from 1982 to 2007. This study shows that coarse-scale global predictions were more skilful than persistence, and fine-scale regional model predictions were more skilful than global predictions. The fire indices were better related to fire counts and area burned than meteorological variables, although relative humidity and temperature were useful predictors of fire characteristics. C1 [Fujioka, F.; Chen, S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Riverside Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Roads, J.; Tripp, P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Expt Climate Predict Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Juang, H.; Wang, J.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Chen, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Riverside Fire Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM schen@fs.fed.us FU USDA FS [USDA 02-CA-11272166-056]; [NOAA-NA17RJ1231] FX This research was funded by a cooperative agreement from NOAA-NA17RJ1231 and USDA FS USDA 02-CA-11272166-056. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or USFS. We are grateful to A. L. Westerling for providing his gridded dataset of fire characteristics to the community. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 BP 399 EP 414 DI 10.1071/WF07079 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 614JV UT WOS:000279054900002 ER PT J AU Butry, DT Prestemon, JP Abt, KL Sutphen, R AF Butry, David T. Prestemon, Jeffrey P. Abt, Karen L. Sutphen, Ronda TI Economic optimisation of wildfire intervention activities SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire economics; hazard mitigation; wildland-urban interface; wildland fire ID RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; FIRE MANAGEMENT; MODEL AB We describe how two important tools of wildfire management, wildfire prevention education and prescribed fire for fuels management, can be coordinated to minimise the combination of management costs and expected societal losses resulting from wildland fire. We present a long-run model that accounts for the dynamics of wildfire, the effects of fuels management on wildfire ignition risk and area burned, and the effects of wildfire prevention education on the ignition risk of human-caused, unintentional wildfires. Based on wildfire management activities in Florida from 2002 to 2007, we find that although wildfire prevention education and prescribed fire have different effects on timing and types of fires, the optimal solution is to increase both interventions. Prescribed fire affects whole landscapes and therefore reduces losses from all wildfire types (including lightning), whereas wildfire prevention education reduces only human-caused ignitions. However, prescribed fire offers a longer-term solution with little short-term flexibility. Wildfire prevention education programs, by comparison, are more flexible, both in time and space, and can respond to unexpected outbreaks, but with limited mitigation longevity. Only when used together in a coordinated effort do we find the costs and losses from unintentional wildfires are minimised. C1 [Butry, David T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Appl Econ, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Prestemon, Jeffrey P.; Abt, Karen L.] Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Sutphen, Ronda] Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Florida Div Forestry, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. RP Butry, DT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Appl Econ, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8603, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.butry@nist.gov; jprestemon@fs.fed.us; kabt@fs.fed.us; sutpher@doacs.state.fl.us NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 16 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2010 VL 19 IS 5 BP 659 EP 672 DI 10.1071/WF09090 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 636DI UT WOS:000280708000013 ER PT J AU Bhat, TN AF Bhat, Talapady N. TI Building Chemical Ontology for Semantic Web using Substructures Created by Chem-BLAST SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON SEMANTIC WEB AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Chem-BLAST; Chemi-Informatics; Chemical Ontology; Ontological URI (OURI); Structural Informatics; Structure-Based Drug Design; URI ID PROTEIN DATA-BANK; DISCOVERY; CHEMISTRY; DESIGN AB Efficient and user friendly ontologies are crucial for the effective use of chemical structural data on compounds. This paper describes an automated technique to create a structural ontology for compounds like ligands, co-factors and inhibitors of protein and DNA molecules using a technique developed from Perl scripts, which use a relational database for input and output, called Chem-BLAST (Chemical Block Layered Alignment of Substructure Technique). This technique recursively identifies substructures using rules that operate on the atomic connectivity of compounds. Substructures obtained from the compounds are compared to generate a data model expressed as triples. A chemical ontology of the substructures is made up of numerous interconnected 'hubs-and-spokes' is generated in the form of a data tree. This data-tree is used in a Web interface to allow users to zoom into compounds of interest by stepping through the hubs from the top to the bottom of the data-tree. The technique has been applied for (a) 2-D and 3-D structural data for AIDS(1); (b) similar to 60,000 structures from the PDB(2,3). Recently, this technique has been applied to approximately 3,000,000 compounds from PubChem(4,5,6). Plausible ways to use this data model for the Semantic Web are also discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bhat, TN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IGI PUBL PI HERSHEY PA 701 E CHOCOLATE AVE, STE 200, HERSHEY, PA 17033-1240 USA SN 1552-6283 J9 INT J SEMANT WEB INF JI Int. J. Semant. Web Inf. Syst. PY 2010 VL 6 IS 3 BP 22 EP 37 DI 10.4018/jswis.2010070102 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 679HO UT WOS:000284152700002 ER PT B AU Vaughn, BH Evans, CU White, JWC Still, CJ Masarie, KA Turnbull, J AF Vaughn, Bruce H. Evans, Candice U. White, James W. C. Still, Christopher J. Masarie, Kenneth A. Turnbull, Jocelyn BE West, JB Bowen, GJ Dawson, TE Tu, KP TI Global Network Measurements of Atmospheric Trace Gas Isotopes SO ISOSCAPES: UNDERSTANDING MOVEMENT, PATTERN, AND PROCESS ON EARTH THROUGH ISOTOPE MAPPING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; AIR SAMPLING NETWORK; FOSSIL-FUEL CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; STABLE-ISOTOPE; 3-DIMENSIONAL SYNTHESIS; DELTA-C-13 MEASUREMENTS; O-17 CORRECTION; OXYGEN C1 [Vaughn, Bruce H.; Evans, Candice U.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, UCB 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [White, James W. C.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, CB 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Still, Christopher J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Masarie, Kenneth A.; Turnbull, Jocelyn] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Vaughn, BH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, UCB 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bruce.vaughn@colorado.edu; Candice.evans@colorado.edu; James.white@colorado.edu; still@icess.ucsb.edu; Kenneth.Masarie@noaa.gov; Jocelyn.Turnbull@noaa.gov RI White, James/A-7845-2009; OI White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684; VAUGHN, BRUCE/0000-0001-6503-957X; Turnbull, Jocelyn/0000-0002-0306-9658 NR 103 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-3353-6 PY 2010 BP 3 EP 31 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3354-3_1 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-3354-3 PG 29 WC Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BMU09 UT WOS:000273569100001 ER PT B AU Venaille, A Sommeria, J AF Venaille, Antoine Sommeria, Joel BE Dritschel, D TI Modeling mixing in two-dimensional turbulence and stratified fluids SO IUTAM SYMPOSIUM ON TURBULENCE IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEANS SE IUTAM Bookseries LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IUTAM Symposium Rotating Stratified Turbulence and Turbulence in the Atmosphere and Oceans CY DEC 08-12, 2008 CL Isaac Newton Inst Math Sci, Cambridge, ENGLAND HO Isaac Newton Inst Math Sci ID STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; FLOWS AB A phenomenological model for turbulent mixing in a stratified fluid is presented. This model describes the evolution of the local probability distribution for the fluid density. It is based on an analogy between the mixing of vorticity in 2D turbulent flows and the mixing of density in (3D) turbulent flows. C1 [Venaille, Antoine] GFDL AOS Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Sommeria, Joel] Univ Grenoble, CNRS, LEGI UMR 5519, F-38041 Grenoble, France. RP Venaille, A (reprint author), GFDL AOS Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM venaille@princeton.edu; sommeria@legi.grenoble-inp.fr RI Dritschel, David/M-8200-2014 OI Dritschel, David/0000-0001-6489-3395 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-94-007-0359-9 J9 IUTAM BOOKSER PY 2010 VL 28 BP 155 EP + DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0360-5_13 PG 2 WC Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BVF74 UT WOS:000291405400013 ER PT J AU Korth, H Strohbehn, K Tejada, F Andreou, A McVeigh, S Kitching, J Knappe, S AF Korth, H. Strohbehn, K. Tejada, F. Andreou, A. McVeigh, S. Kitching, J. Knappe, S. TI Chip-Scale Absolute Scalar Magnetometer for Space Applications SO JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Article C1 [Korth, H.; Strohbehn, K.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20703 USA. [Tejada, F.; Andreou, A.; McVeigh, S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kitching, J.; Knappe, S.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Korth, H (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20703 USA. EM haje.korth@jhuapl.edu RI Andreou, Andreas G./A-3271-2010 OI Andreou, Andreas G./0000-0003-3826-600X NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PI LAUREL PA APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY ATTN: TECHNICAL DIGEST JOHN HOPKINS RD, BLDG 1W-131, LAUREL, MD 20723-6099 USA SN 0270-5214 J9 J HOPKINS APL TECH D JI Johns Hopkins APL Tech. Dig. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 3 BP 248 EP 249 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 589OG UT WOS:000277159400021 ER PT J AU Chin, J Forster, A Clerici, C Hunston, D AF Chin, Joannie Forster, Aaron Clerici, Cyril Hunston, Donald TI Characterization of Ambient Temperature Cure Epoxies Used in Adhesive Anchor Applications SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION LA English DT Article DE Adhesive anchors; Adhesives; Creep compliance; Differential scanning calorimetry; Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis; Epoxy; Moisture sorption analysis; Thermogravimetric analysis; Time- or frequency-temperature superposition ID POLYMERS AB Thermo-viscoelastic properties of two commercial, ambient temperature-cure epoxy structural adhesives were analyzed and compared. The adhesives were formulated by the same manufacturer and appeared to have the same base chemistry; however, one system contained accelerators for shorter cure times. In the laboratory, dynamic mechanical temperature/frequency sweeps were performed on both systems to generate dynamic mechanical data and predict creep compliance master curves using frequency-temperature superposition principles. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and moisture sorption analysis were also used to assess the thermal and hygroscopic properties of the materials. Differences were observed in the thermal, hydrolytic, and dynamic mechanical properties of the two adhesive systems as well as in their estimated creep compliance behavior, which were attributed to differences in the curing agent(s) and accelerator(s) used in the adhesive systems. In most cases the differences in the properties of the epoxies were small, but a few properties, particularly the predicted creep behavior, exhibited very large differences. Results from laboratory creep testing confirmed the predicted difference in creep behavior. The data also suggest that dynamic mechanical testing combined with frequency-temperature superposition may be a useful metrology for predicting trends for in-service creep behavior from short term tests. C1 [Chin, Joannie] NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Polymer Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chin, J (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Polymer Mat Grp, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joannie.chin@nist.gov FU 3M FX One of a Collection of papers honoring David A. Dillard, the recipient in February 2010 of The Adhesion Society Award for Excellence in Adhesion Science, Sponsored by 3M. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8464 J9 J ADHESION JI J. Adhes. PY 2010 VL 86 IS 10 SI SI BP 1041 EP 1067 AR PII 928685166 DI 10.1080/00218464.2010.515494 PG 27 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 673SC UT WOS:000283682300005 ER PT J AU Piotrowski, PL Cannara, RJ Gao, GT Urban, JJ Carpick, RW Harrison, JA AF Piotrowski, Pamela L. Cannara, Rachel J. Gao, Guangtu Urban, Joseph J. Carpick, Robert W. Harrison, Judith A. TI Atomistic Factors Governing Adhesion between Diamond, Amorphous Carbon and Model Diamond Nanocomposite Surfaces SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Adhesion; diamond; nanocomposite diamond; amorphous carbon; diamond-like carbon; nanotribology; work of adhesion; pull-off force; atomic force microscopy; friction force microscopy; molecular dynamics; ab initio studies; density functional theory ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; FORCE MICROSCOPY; SCALE FRICTION; ULTRANANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ALKANE MONOLAYERS; CONTACT; FILMS; MEMS AB Complementary atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to determine the work of adhesion for diamond (C)(111)(1x1) and C(001)(2x1) surfaces paired with carbon-based materials. While the works of adhesion from experiments and simulations are in reasonable agreement, some differences were identified. Experimentally, the work of adhesion between an amorphous carbon tip and individual C(001)(2 x 1)-H and C(111)(1 x 1)-H surfaces yielded adhesion values that were larger on the C(001)(2x1)-H surface. The simulations revealed that the average adhesion between self-mated C(001)(2x1) surfaces was smaller than for self-mated C(111)(1x1) contacts. Adhesion was reduced when amorphous carbon counterfaces were paired with both types of diamond surfaces. Pairing model diamond nanocomposite surfaces with the C(111)(1x1)-H sample resulted in even larger reductions in adhesion. These results point to the importance of atomic-scale roughness for adhesion. The simulated adhesion also shows a modest dependence on hydrogen coverage. Density functional theory calculations revealed small, C-H bond dipoles on both diamond samples, with the C(001)(2 x 1)-H surface having the larger dipole, but having a smaller dipole moment per unit area. Thus, charge separation at the surface is another possible source of the difference between the measured and calculated works of adhesion. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2010 C1 [Piotrowski, Pamela L.; Gao, Guangtu; Urban, Joseph J.; Harrison, Judith A.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Cannara, Rachel J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Carpick, Robert W.] Univ Penn, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Harrison, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jah@usna.edu RI Gao, Guangtu/F-4541-2012; Cannara, Rachel/C-9128-2013 OI Cannara, Rachel/0000-0002-2984-5475 FU AFOSR [F1ATA-09-086G002, F1ATA-09-086G003, FA9550-08-1-0024]; ONR [N00014-09-WR20155]; NSF [CMMI-0825981, CMMI-0826076] FX P.L.P., G.G. and J.A.H. acknowledge support from AFOSR grant numbers F1ATA-09-086G002 and F1ATA-09-086G003 (and as part of the Extreme Friction MURI). J.A.H. also acknowledges support from the ONR grant # N00014-09-WR20155. P.L.P. and J.A.H. acknowledge support from NSF grant number CMMI-0825981. R.W.C. acknowledges support from AFOSR grant # FA9550-08-1-0024 and NSF grant number CMMI-0826076. J.A.H. and P.L.P. gratefully acknowledge J.D. Schall for helpful discussions. R.J.C. and R.W.C. gratefully acknowledge A.V. Sumant for helpful discussions and invaluable technical expertise. We also thank G.D. Wright and D. Whyte for the elastic recoil experiments, as well as D.S. Grierson and A.R. Konicek for the X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements. NR 71 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 19 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4243 J9 J ADHES SCI TECHNOL JI J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 24 IS 15-16 BP 2471 EP 2498 DI 10.1163/016942410X508208 PG 28 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 679HR UT WOS:000284153000010 ER PT J AU Brunzel, S Yang, B Wolfart, S Kern, M AF Brunzel, Simone Yang, Bin Wolfart, Stefan Kern, Matthias TI Tensile Bond Strength of a So-called Self-adhesive Luting Resin Cement to Dentin SO JOURNAL OF ADHESIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE tensile bond strength; RelyX Unicem; self-adhesive resin; dentin bonding ID BUR-CUT ENAMEL; ETCH ADHESIVES; AGENTS; SHEAR; MICROTENSILE; COMPOSITE; WATER; DURABILITY; MORPHOLOGY; PRIMER AB Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the bond strength and durability of a so-called self-adhesive resin luting cement to human dentin. In addition, the influence of a dentin adhesive system on the bond strength was tested. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight dentin disks from human teeth were divided into two groups of 24 specimens. One group was bonded to composite resin tubes with the self-adhesive luting cement (RelyX Unicem Aplicap, 3M ESPE), in the other group the dentin surfaces were conditioned with a three-step dentin adhesive system (OptiBond FL, Kerr) prior to bonding with the same cement. Three subgroups of eight specimens each were tested for tensile bond strength following storage in 37 C tap water for either 3 days or for 150 days with an additional 37,500 thermal cycles either between 20 degrees C and 40 degrees C ("soft TC") or between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C ("hard TC"). Statistical analyses were performed with the Shapiro-Wilk test, Levene's test, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by multiple comparisons with the Scheffe test. Results: Without the dentin adhesive, the mean tensile bond strengths after 3 days were 7.1 +/- 3.8 MPa; after 150 days/"soft TC" 6.8 +/- 3.6; and after 150 days/hard TC" 5.3 +/- 4.5 MPa. With the dentin adhesive, the mean bond strengths after 3 days were 16.5 +/- 5.5 MPa; after 150 days/"soft TC" 13.1 +/- 3.9 MPa; and after 150 days/'hard TC" 10.1 +/- 5.2 MPa. qq Conclusion: Regardless of storage conditions, the use of a dentin adhesive increased the tensile bond strength of a self-adhesive resin luting cement significantly in comparison to the use of the luting cement without adhesive. C1 [Brunzel, Simone; Kern, Matthias] Univ Kiel, Dept Prosthodont Propaedeut & Dent Mat, Sch Dent, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Wolfart, Stefan] Univ Aachen, Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Dept Prosthodont & Dent Mat, Fac Med, D-5100 Aachen, Germany. [Yang, Bin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kern, M (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Dept Prosthodont Propaedeut & Dent Mat, Sch Dent, Arnold Heller Str 16, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. EM mkern@proth.uni-kiel.de RI Kern, Matthias/A-9445-2010; Wolfart, Stefan/G-5905-2011 OI Kern, Matthias/0000-0002-0378-9698; NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO INC PI HANOVER PARK PA 4350 CHANDLER DRIVE, HANOVER PARK, IL 60133 USA SN 1461-5185 J9 J ADHES DENT JI J. Adhes. Dent. PY 2010 VL 12 IS 2 BP 143 EP 150 DI 10.3290/j.jad.a17525 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 587WK UT WOS:000277026300009 PM 20157676 ER PT J AU Bhutia, S Jenkins, MA Sun, RY AF Bhutia, Sangay Jenkins, Mary Ann Sun, Ruiyu TI Comparison of Firebrand Propagation Prediction by a Plume Model and a Coupled-Fire/Atmosphere Large-Eddy Simulator SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Firebrand spotting is one of the most vexing problems associated with wildland fires, challenging the lives and efforts of fire-fighting planners. This work is an effort to model numerically the event of firebrand spotting for the purposes of reviewing past modelling approaches and of demonstrating a more current coupled fire/atmosphere approach. A simple, two-dimensional treatment of the process of firebrand lofting is examined under the restrictive conditions typical of a classical plume modelling approach. Using this approach, the differences in trajectories of combusting and non-combusting particles are investigated. Next, firebrand spotting is examined using a coupled fire/atmosphere LES (Large Eddy Simulator) in which the processes of firebrand lofting, propagation, and deposition are connected. The behaviour of combusting and non-combusting firebrands released from a moving grassfire into three-dimensional time-varying coupled atmosphere-wildfire induced circulations is examined. When these results are compared to the results of a classical plume model for firebrand spotting, it is found that firebrand propagation in the coupled LES simulated flow is significantly different from that obtained by the two-dimensional empirically-derived plume model approach. The coupled atmosphere-wildfire LES results are explorative and need to be subjected to direct testing. C1 [Jenkins, Mary Ann] York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci & Engn, Toronto, ON M3P 1P3, Canada. [Sun, Ruiyu] UCAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Sun, Ruiyu] NOAA, EMC, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Jenkins, MA (reprint author), York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci & Engn, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3P 1P3, Canada. EM maj@yorku.ca RI Sun, Ruiyu/H-9595-2012 FU Canada's National Science and Engineering Research Council FX This research was supported by Canada's National Science and Engineering Research Council's Joint Infrastructure Interdependencies Research Grant Program. A gratis grant of computer time from the Center for High Performance Computing, University of Utah, is gratefully acknowledged. We thank two anonymous reviewers for suggestions on how to improve a previous version of the paper. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PY 2010 VL 2 AR 4 DI 10.3894/JAMES.2010.2.4 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V22UG UT WOS:000208299500004 ER PT J AU Pichugina, YL Banta, RM AF Pichugina, Yelena L. Banta, Robert M. TI Stable Boundary Layer Depth from High-Resolution Measurements of the Mean Wind Profile SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW-LEVEL JET; TURBULENCE STRUCTURE; DOPPLER LIDAR; MIXING HEIGHT; CASES-99; VELOCITY; SHEAR AB The depth h of the stable boundary layer (SBL) has long been an elusive measurement. In this diagnostic study the use of high-quality, high-resolution (Delta z = 10 m) vertical profile data of the mean wind U(z) and streamwise variance sigma(2)(u)(z) is investigated to see whether mean-profile features alone can be equated with h. Three mean-profile diagnostics are identified: h(J), the height of maximum low-level-jet (LLJ) wind speed U in the SBL; h(1), the height of the first zero crossing or minimum absolute value of the magnitude of the shear partial derivative U/partial derivative z profile above the surface; and h(2), the minimum in the curvature partial derivative(2)U/partial derivative z(2) profile. Boundary layer BL here is defined as the surface-based layer of significant turbulence, so the top of the BL was determined as the first significant minimum in the sigma(2)(u)(z) profile, designated as h(sigma). The height hs was taken as a reference against which the three mean-profile diagnostics were tested. Mean-wind profiles smooth enough to calculate second derivatives were obtained by averaging high- resolution Doppler lidar profile data, taken during two nighttime field programs in the Great Plains, over 10-min intervals. Nights are chosen for study when the maximum wind speed in the lowest 200 m exceeded 5 m s(-1) (i.e., weak-wind, very stable BLs were excluded). To evaluate the three diagnostics, data from the 14-night sample were divided into three profile shapes: Type I, a traditional LLJ structure with a distinct maximum or "nose,'' Type II, a "flat'' structure with constant wind speed over a significant depth, and Type III, having a layered structure to the shear and turbulence in the lower levels. For Type I profiles, the height of the jet nose hJ, which coincided with h(1) and h(2) in this case, agreed with the reference SBL depth to within 5%. The study had two major results: 1) among the mean-profile diagnostics for h, the curvature depth h(2) gave the best results; for the entire sample, h(2) agreed with h(sigma) to within 12%; 2) considering the profile shapes, the layered Type III profiles gave the most problems. When these profiles could be identified and eliminated from the sample, regression and error statistics improved significantly: mean relative errors of 8% for h(J) and h(1), and errors of <5% for h(2), were found for the sample of only Type I and II profiles. C1 [Pichugina, Yelena L.] NOAA, ESRL, CIRES CDC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pichugina, YL (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, CIRES CDC, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM yelena.pichugina@noaa.gov RI pichugina, yelena/I-4141-2013; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU National Renewable Energy Research Laboratory (NREL) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DOE-AI36-03GO13094, DE-AC3699GO10337]; Army Research Laboratory [43711-EV]; NOAA FX Field data acquisition and portions of the analysis for this research were funded by the National Renewable Energy Research Laboratory (NREL) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Interagency Agreement DOE-AI36-03GO13094, and also by the U.S. Army Research office (Dr. Walter Bach) of the Army Research Laboratory under Proposal 43711-EV, and by the NOAA Air Quality and Health of the Atmosphere Programs. The NREL work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC3699GO10337. We thank our colleagues Rob Newsom, Volker Wulfmeyer, Scott Sandberg, Janet Machol, Brandi McCarty, Joanne George, Raul Alvarez, Andreas Muschinski, Jennifer Keane, Ann Weickmann, Ron Richter, R. M. Hardesty, J. Otten, W. L. Eberhard, and Lisa S. Darby from ESRL, and the following from NREL: Neil Kelley, Mari Shirazi, Dave Jager, S. Wilde, and J. Adams. We also acknowledge the Emick family, on whose ranch the Lamar project took place. We further thank Lisa Darby and Wayne Angevine for helpful manuscript reviews, and Lisa Darby for figure preparation. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 49 IS 1 BP 20 EP 35 DI 10.1175/2009JAMC2168.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 555UN UT WOS:000274541600002 ER PT J AU Jung, YS Xue, M Zhang, GF AF Jung, Youngsun Xue, Ming Zhang, Guifu TI Simulations of Polarimetric Radar Signatures of a Supercell Storm Using a Two-Moment Bulk Microphysics Scheme SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; PREDICTION SYSTEM ARPS; NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION; POLARIZATION-RADAR; CONVECTIVE STORMS; PART II; MULTIPARAMETER RADAR; PARAMETERIZATION; THUNDERSTORM AB A new general polarimetric radar simulator for nonhydrostatic numerical weather prediction (NWP) models has been developed based on rigorous scattering calculations using the T-matrix method for reflectivity, differential reflectivity, specific differential phase, and copolar cross-correlation coefficient. A continuous melting process accounts for the entire spectrum of varying density and dielectric constants. This simulator is able to simulate polarimetric radar measurements at weather radar frequency bands and can take as input the prognostic variables of high-resolution NWP model simulations using one-, two-, and three-moment microphysics schemes. The simulator was applied at 10.7-cm wavelength to a model-simulated supercell storm using a double-moment (two moment) bulk microphysics scheme to examine its ability to simulate polarimetric signatures reported in observational studies. The simulated fields exhibited realistic polarimetric signatures that include Z(DR) and K(DP) columns, Z(DR) arc, midlevel Z(DR) and rho(h nu) rings, hail signature, and KDP foot in terms of their general location, shape, and strength. The authors compared the simulation with one employing a single-moment (SM) microphysics scheme and found that certain signatures, such as Z(DR) arc, midlevel Z(DR), and rho(h nu) rings, cannot be reproduced with the latter. It is believed to be primarily caused by the limitation of the SM scheme in simulating the shift of the particle size distribution toward larger/smaller diameters, independent of mixing ratio. These results suggest that two- or higher-moment microphysics schemes should be used to adequately describe certain important microphysical processes. They also demonstrate the utility of a well-designed radar simulator for validating numerical models. In addition, the simulator can also serve as a training tool for forecasters to recognize polarimetric signatures that can be reproduced by advanced NWP models. C1 [Jung, Youngsun] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Jung, Youngsun; Xue, Ming; Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Jung, YS (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Natl Weather Ctr, Suite 2500,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM youngsun.jung@ou.edu RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011; Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014; Jung, Youngsun/O-6227-2016 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238; Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815; Jung, Youngsun/0000-0003-2265-9837 FU NSF [EEC-0313747, ATM-0608168, ATM-0530814, ATM-0802888, ATM-0331594, ATM-0331756] FX The authors thank Matthew Kumjian for useful discussion on the interpretation of observed polarimetric signature. The authors also thank Dr. Jason Milbrandt and Daniel Dawson for helping us to use a multimoment microphysics scheme. The original T- matrix code was provided by Dr. J. Vivekanandan. This work was primarily supported by NSF Grants EEC-0313747 and ATM-0608168. Ming Xue was also supported by NSF Grants ATM-0530814, ATM-0802888, ATM-0331594, and ATM-0331756. The computations were performed at the OU Supercomputing Center for Education and Research. NR 65 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 49 IS 1 BP 146 EP 163 DI 10.1175/2009JAMC2178.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 555UN UT WOS:000274541600011 ER PT J AU Gatlin, PN Goodman, SJ AF Gatlin, Patrick N. Goodman, Steven J. TI A Total Lightning Trending Algorithm to Identify Severe Thunderstorms SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THUNDERCLOUD PARAMETERS; MAPPING ARRAY; STORM; ALABAMA; WSR-88D; PRECIPITATION; SYSTEM AB An algorithm that provides an early indication of impending severe weather from observed trends in thunderstorm total lightning flash rates has been developed. The algorithm framework has been tested on 20 thunderstorms, including 1 nonsevere storm, which occurred over the course of six separate days during the spring months of 2002 and 2003. The identified surges in lightning rate (or jumps) are compared against 110 documented severe weather events produced by these thunderstorms as they moved across portions of northern Alabama and southern Tennessee. Lightning jumps precede 90% of these severe weather events, with as much as a 27-min advance notification of impending severe weather on the ground. However, 37% of lightning jumps are not followed by severe weather reports. Various configurations of the algorithm are tested, and the highest critical success index attained is 0.49. Results suggest that this lightning jump algorithm may be a useful operational diagnostic tool for severe thunderstorm potential. C1 [Gatlin, Patrick N.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Goodman, Steven J.] NASA, NOAA NESDIS, GOES R Syst Program Off, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Gatlin, PN (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM gatlin@nsstc.uah.edu OI Gatlin, Patrick/0000-0001-9345-1457 FU NASA; NOAA/NESDIS GOES-R Program office FX Funding for this research was provided by the NASA SMD's Earth Science Division in support of the Short-term Prediction and Research Transition (SPoRT) program at Marshall Space Flight Center and by the NOAA/NESDIS GOES-R Program office. The authors thank Dr. Richard Blakeslee, John Hall, Jeff Bailey, and Sam Acoff for maintaining and processing the North Alabama Lightning Mapping Array and its output. Dr. Eugene "Bill'' McCaul Jr. provided lightning flash data from the source clustering "flash'' algorithm. We are grateful to Chris Darden and the local NWS weather forecast office in Huntsville, Alabama, for the collaboration and feedback they have provided on the operational utility of total lightning data and the lightning jump signature. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Earle Williams for his helpful comments and thorough review of this paper, as well as those of the anonymous reviewers. The views, opinions, and findings contained herein are those of the authors, and should not be construed as an official NASA, NOAA, or U. S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 39 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 27 IS 1 BP 3 EP 22 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHA1286.1 PG 20 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 547UK UT WOS:000273914800001 ER PT J AU Adam, M Demoz, BB Whiteman, DN Venable, DD Joseph, E Gambacorta, A Wei, J Shephard, MW Miloshevich, LM Barnet, CD Herman, RL Fitzgibbon, J Connell, R AF Adam, M. Demoz, B. B. Whiteman, D. N. Venable, D. D. Joseph, E. Gambacorta, A. Wei, J. Shephard, M. W. Miloshevich, L. M. Barnet, C. D. Herman, R. L. Fitzgibbon, J. Connell, R. TI Water Vapor Measurements by Howard University Raman Lidar during the WAVES 2006 Campaign SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIOSONDE HUMIDITY SENSORS; INTERNATIONAL H2O PROJECT; VERTICAL RESOLUTION; PART I; SYSTEMS; AIRS/AMSU/HSB; PERFORMANCE; RETRIEVALS; HYGROMETER; IHOP-2002 AB Water vapor mixing ratio retrieval using the Howard University Raman lidar is presented with emphasis on three aspects: (i) comparison of the lidar with collocated radiosondes and Raman lidar, (ii) investigation of the relationship between atmospheric state variables and the relative performance of the lidar and sonde (in particular, their poor agreement), and (iii) comparison with satellite-based measurements. The measurements were acquired during the Water Vapor Validation Experiment Sondes/Satellites 2006 campaign. Ensemble averaging of water vapor mixing ratio data from 10 nighttime comparisons with Vaisala RS92 radiosondes shows, on average, an agreement within +/- 10%, up to similar to 8 km. A similar analysis of lidar-to-lidar data of over 700 profiles revealed an agreement to within 20% over the first 7 km (10% below 4 km). A grid analysis, defined in the temperature-relative humidity space, was developed to characterize the lidar-radiosonde agreement and quantitatively localizes regions of strong and weak correlations as a function of altitude, temperature, or relative humidity. Three main regions of weak correlation emerge: (i) regions of low relative humidity and low temperature, (ii) regions of moderate relative humidity at low temperatures, and (iii) regions of low relative humidity at moderate temperatures. Comparison of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder and Tropospheric Emission Sounder satellite retrievals of moisture with those of Howard University Raman lidar showed a general agreement in the trend, but the satellites miss details in atmospheric structure because of their low resolution. A relative difference of about +/- 20% is usually found between lidar and satellite measurements for the coincidences available. C1 [Adam, M.; Demoz, B. B.; Venable, D. D.; Joseph, E.; Connell, R.] Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Whiteman, D. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gambacorta, A.; Wei, J.] Perot Syst Govt Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Gambacorta, A.; Wei, J.; Barnet, C. D.] NOAA NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Shephard, M. W.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Miloshevich, L. M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Herman, R. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Fitzgibbon, J.] Natl Weather Serv, Sterling, VA USA. RP Adam, M (reprint author), Howard Univ, 2355 6th St NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM madam@howard.edu RI Gambacorta, Antonia/E-7937-2011; Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; Herman, Robert/H-9389-2012; Adam, Mariana/C-5661-2013; Demoz, Belay/N-4130-2014 OI Gambacorta, Antonia/0000-0002-2446-9132; Herman, Robert/0000-0001-7063-6424; FU NOAA; NASA FX This research was partially supported by the NOAA Educational Partnership Program Cooperative Agreement and the NASA Aura Validation Program. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 27 IS 1 BP 42 EP 60 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHA1331.1 PG 19 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 547UK UT WOS:000273914800003 ER PT J AU Matrosov, SY AF Matrosov, Sergey Y. TI Evaluating Polarimetric X-Band Radar Rainfall Estimators during HMT SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL PHASE; AXIS RATIOS; SHAPE; RAINDROPS; REFLECTIVITY; CALIBRATION AB Different relations between rainfall rate R and polarimetric X-band radar measurables were evaluated using the radar, disdrometer, and rain gauge measurements conducted during the 4-month-long field experiment. The specific differential phase shift K(DP)-based estimators generally show less scatter resulting from variability in raindrop size distributions than with the power-based relations. These estimators depend on model assumptions about the drop aspect ratios and are not applicable for lighter rainfalls. The polynomial approximation for the mean drop aspect ratio provides R-K(DP) relations that result overall in good agreement between the radar retrievals of rainfall accumulations and estimates from surface rain gauges. The accumulation data obtained from power estimators that use reflectivity Z(eh) and differential reflectivity Z(DR) measurements generally exhibit greater standard deviations with respect to the gauge measurements. Unlike the phase-based estimators, the power-based estimators have an advantage of being "point'' measurements, thus providing continuous quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) for the whole area of radar coverage. The uncertainty in the drop shape model can result in errors in the attenuation and differential attenuation correction procedures. These errors might provide biases of radar-derived QPE for the estimators that use power measurements. Overall, for all considered estimators, the radar-based total rainfall accumulations showed biases less than 10% (relative to gauges). The standard deviations of radar retrievals were about 23% for the mean Z(eh)-R relation, 17%-22% for the K(DP)-based estimators (depending on the drop shape model), and about 20%-32% for different Z(eh)-Z(DR)-based estimators. Comparing Z(DR)-based retrievals of mean mass raindrop size D(m) (for D(m) > 1 mm) with disdrometer-derived values reveals an about 20%-25% relative standard deviation between these two types of estimates. C1 [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Matrosov, SY (reprint author), R-PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sergey.matrosov@noaa.gov FU NOAA FX This research was funded by the NOAA Hydrometeorological Testbed Project. Many scientists and engineers from the ESRL Physical Science Division (including B. Martner, D. Kingsmill, E. Sukovich, K. Clark, K. King, and T. Ayers) were engaged in the deployment and servicing the radar and the surface meteorology instrumentation during the HMT-06 field project. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 27 IS 1 BP 122 EP 134 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHA1318.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 547UK UT WOS:000273914800008 ER PT J AU DiNezio, PN Goni, GJ AF DiNezio, Pedro N. Goni, Gustavo J. TI Identifying and Estimating Biases between XBT and Argo Observations Using Satellite Altimetry SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OCEAN HEAT-CONTENT; EXPENDABLE BATHYTHERMOGRAPH; NORTH PACIFIC; T-7 XBT; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; DEPTH; SEA; PROFILES; DYNAMICS AB A methodology is developed to identify and estimate systematic biases between expendable bathythermograph (XBT) and Argo observations using satellite altimetry. Pseudoclimatological fields of isotherm depth are computed by least squares adjustment of in situ XBT and Argo data to altimetry-derived sea height anomaly (SHA) data. In regions where the correlations between isotherm depth and SHA are high, this method reduces sampling biases in the in situ observations by taking advantage of the high temporal and spatial resolution of satellite observations. Temperature profiles from deep XBTs corrected for a bias identified and adopted during the 1990s are considered in this study. The analysis shows that the pseudoclimatological isotherm depths derived from these corrected XBTs are predominantly deeper than the Argo-derived estimates during the 2000-07 period. The XBT-minus-Argo differences increase with depth consistent with hypothesized problems in the XBT fall-rate equation. The depth-dependent XBT-minus-Argo differences suggest a global positive bias of 3% of the XBT depths. The fact that this 3% error is robust among the different ocean basins provides evidence for changes in the instrumentation, such as changes in the terminal velocity of the XBTs. The value of this error is about the inverse of the correction to the XBT fall-rate equation (FRE) implemented in 1995, suggesting that this correction, while adequate during the 1990s, is no longer appropriate and could be the source of the 3% error. This result suggests that for 2000-07, the XBT dataset can be brought to consistency with Argo by using the original FRE coefficients without the 1995 correction. C1 [DiNezio, Pedro N.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Goni, Gustavo J.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP DiNezio, PN (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM pdinezio@rsmas.miami.edu RI Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012 OI Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170 FU CNES; NOAA [NA17RJ1226] FX Argo data were collected and made freely available by Argo (a pilot program of the Global Ocean Observing System) and contributing national programs (http://www.argo.net/). The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by AVISO, with support from CNES. We thank all the scientists, technicians, and crewmembers of ships of opportunity that contribute to the collection of XBT and Argo observations around the world. We thank Claudia Schmid for providing the quality-controlled CTD, Argo, and XBT profiles. This research was carried out in part under the auspices of CIMAS, a join institute of the University of Miami and NOAA (Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1226). We are grateful to Molly Baringer, Ann Thresher, Viktor Gouretski, Robert Molinari, Joshua Willis, and two anonymous reviewers for insightful comments that helped improved the study. The NOAA Climate Program Office funded this work. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 27 IS 1 BP 226 EP 240 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHO711.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 547UK UT WOS:000273914800016 ER PT J AU Esperanca, JMSS Lopes, JNC Tariq, M Santos, LMNBF Magee, JW Rebelo, LPN AF Esperanca, Jose M. S. S. Canongia Lopes, Jose N. Tariq, Mohd Santos, Luis M. N. B. F. Magee, Joseph W. Rebelo, Luis Paulo N. TI Volatility of Aprotic Ionic Liquids - A Review SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Review ID NORMAL BOILING TEMPERATURE; VAPOR-PRESSURE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR SIMULATION; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; GAS-PHASE; 1-N-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; 1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; VAPORIZATION ENTHALPIES; COMBUSTION CALORIMETRY AB Research oil the volatility of aprotic ionic liquids is reviewed. This topic is limited to aprotic liquids since measurements have led to a generalization that this class of substances possesses extremely low vapor pressures. For research related to this topic, the period covered is 2003 to 2008. The review begins with a discussion of the earliest successful study of thermal vaporization of aprotic ionic liquids, the earliest indirect measurements of their vapor pressure, the first proof of conventional distillation of ionic liquids, and competition of vaporization with thermal decomposition seen at moderately high temperatures of (200 to 300) degrees C. The review then briefly discusses the nature of the vapor phase and proceeds to analyze the various approaches used to measure or predict the vapor-liquid equilibrium properties of ionic liquids, including their normal boiling point, vapor pressure, and enthalpy of vaporization. It is proposed that the most reliable thermodynamic data exist solely For the enthalpy of vaporization, and thus this property would be file best target for predictive approaches. Predictive approaches to calculate the enthalpy of vaporization are discussed in light or their ability to predict the experimentally observed trends with molar mass. The review concludes with a forward look at the following: expected effect of gas-phase ion clusters; anticipated trade-off between the energetic gain and the entropic penalty for cluster formation; and the possibility of a Trouton rule for the vaporization of ionic liquids. C1 [Esperanca, Jose M. S. S.; Canongia Lopes, Jose N.; Tariq, Mohd; Rebelo, Luis Paulo N.] Univ Nova Lisboa, Inst Tecnol Quim & Biol, P-2780901 Oeiras, Portugal. [Santos, Luis M. N. B. F.] Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Invest Quim, P-4169007 Oporto, Portugal. [Canongia Lopes, Jose N.] Inst Super Tecn, Ctr Quim Estrutural, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. [Magee, Joseph W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rebelo, LPN (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, Inst Tecnol Quim & Biol, Av Republ Apartado 127, P-2780901 Oeiras, Portugal. EM luis.rebelo@itqb.unl.pt RI Mohammad, Tariq/B-6998-2008; Rebelo, Luis Paulo/B-5285-2008; Canongia Lopes, Jose Nuno/H-7166-2012; Canongia Lopes, Jose Nuno/B-8109-2008; Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009; Esperanca, Jose/B-5116-2008; OI Santos, Luis/0000-0003-3040-0358; Rebelo, Luis Paulo/0000-0002-5247-2443; Canongia Lopes, Jose Nuno/0000-0002-4483-6294; Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593; Esperanca, Jose/0000-0001-9615-8678; Tariq, Mohammad/0000-0001-7795-8194; Canon Lop, Jos Nun/0000-0003-1527-105X FU FCT, Portugal [PTDC/CTM/73850/2006, PTDC/QUI/66199/2006, PTDC/EQU-FTT/65252/2006] FX Part of this work was supported by FC&T, Portugal (PTDC/CTM/73850/2006, PTDC/QUI/66199/2006. and PTDC/EQU-FTT/65252/2006). NR 50 TC 164 Z9 165 U1 3 U2 92 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD JAN PY 2010 VL 55 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1021/je900458w PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 541HF UT WOS:000273405200001 ER PT J AU Widegren, JA Bruno, TJ AF Widegren, Jason A. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Gas Saturation Vapor Pressure Measurements of Mononitrotoluene Isomers from (283.15 to 313.15) K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ALKANES; TEMPERATURES; AIR; SUBLIMATION; APPARATUS; EQUATION; TRIPLE; SF6 AB A gas saturation apparatus capable of simultaneous measurements oil 18 samples was used for this work. The vapor pressures of 2-nitrotoluene (2-NT), 3-nitrotoluene (3-NT), 4-nitrotoluene (4-NT), and tetradecane (a control compound) were measured with this apparatus over the temperature range (283.15 to 313.15) K. Over this temperature range, the vapor pressure of 2-NT ranged from (5.53 to 61.1) Pa; the vapor pressure of 3-NT ranged from (3.39 to 37.8) Pa; and the vapor pressure of 4-NT ranged from (1.25 to 26.4) Pa. The enthalpies of vaporization or sublimation were determined using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. C1 [Widegren, Jason A.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU Aerodyne Research, Billerica, MA FX The financial support of Aerodyne Research, Billerica, MA, is gratefully acknowledged, We thank Dr. Allan H. Harvey (NIST) for insightful comments about the ideal gas approximation. NR 32 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD JAN PY 2010 VL 55 IS 1 BP 159 EP 164 DI 10.1021/je900293j PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 541HF UT WOS:000273405200022 ER PT J AU Munoz, E Wang, CZ Enfield, D AF Munoz, Ernesto Wang, Chunzai Enfield, David TI The Intra-Americas Springtime Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly Dipole as Fingerprint of Remote Influences SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; NORTH-ATLANTIC; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; SST VARIABILITY; WARM POOLS; HEAT-FLUX; ENSO; PACIFIC; OCEAN AB The influence of teleconnections on the Intra-Americas Sea (IAS; Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) has been mostly analyzed fromthe perspective of El Nino-SouthernOscillation (ENSO) on the Caribbean Sea (the latter being an extension of the tropical North Atlantic). This emphasis has overlooked both 1) the influence of other teleconnections on the IAS and 2) which teleconnections affect the Gulf of Mexico climate variability. In this study the different fingerprints that major teleconnection patterns have on the IAS during boreal spring are analyzed. Indices of teleconnection patterns are regressed and correlated to observations of oceanic temperature and atmospheric data from reanalyses and observational datasets. It is found that the Pacific teleconnection patterns that influence the IAS SSTs do so by affecting the Gulf of Mexico in an opposite manner to the Caribbean Sea. These analyzed Pacific climate patterns are the Pacific-North American (PNA) teleconnection, the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), and ENSO. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is related to a lesser degree with the north-south SST anomaly dipole than are Pacific teleconnection patterns. It is also found that the IAS influence from the midlatitude Pacific mostly affects the Gulf of Mexico, whereas the influence fromthe tropical Pacific mostly affects the Caribbean Sea. Therefore, the combination of a warm ENSO event and a positive PNA event induces a strong IAS SST anomaly dipole between the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea during spring. By calculating an index that represents the IAS SST anomaly dipole, it is found that the dipole forms mostly in response to changes in the air-sea heat fluxes. In the Gulf of Mexico the dominant mechanisms are the air-sea differences in humidity and temperature. The changes in shortwave radiation also contribute to the dipole of net air-sea heat flux. The changes in shortwave radiation arise, in part, by the cloudiness triggered by the air-sea differences in humidity, and also by the changes in the convection cell that connects the Amazon basin to the IAS. Weaker Amazon convection (e. g., in the event of a warm ENSO event) reduces the subsidence over the IAS, and henceforth the IAS cloudiness increases (and the shortwave radiation decreases). This study contributes to a greater understanding of how the IAS is influenced by different Pacific and Atlantic teleconnections. C1 [Munoz, Ernesto; Enfield, David] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Munoz, E (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ernesto.munoz@noaa.gov RI Enfield, David/I-2112-2013; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Enfield, David/0000-0001-8107-5079; Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) FX This research was carried out (in part) under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1226. This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office and the base funding of NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 23 IS 1 BP 43 EP 56 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI3006.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 540TA UT WOS:000273361000005 ER PT J AU Yin, JJ Stouffer, RJ Spelman, MJ Griffies, SM AF Yin, Jianjun Stouffer, Ronald J. Spelman, Michael J. Griffies, Stephen M. TI Evaluating the Uncertainty Induced by the Virtual Salt Flux Assumption in Climate Simulations and Future Projections SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; SEA-LEVEL RISE; OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; ENSO; PRECIPITATION; EVAPORATION; COLLAPSE; SST AB The unphysical virtual salt flux (VSF) formulation widely used in the ocean component of climate models has the potential to cause systematic and significant biases in modeling the climate system and projecting its future evolution. Here a freshwater flux (FWF) and a virtual salt flux version of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model version 2.1 (GFDL CM2.1) are used to evaluate and quantify the uncertainties induced by the VSF formulation. Both unforced and forced runs with the two model versions are performed and compared in detail. It is found that the differences between the two versions are generally small or statistically insignificant in the unforced control runs and in the runs with a small external forcing. In response to a large external forcing, however, some biases in the VSF version become significant, especially the responses of regional salinity and global sea level. However, many fundamental aspects of the responses differ only quantitatively between the two versions. An unexpected result is the distinctly different ENSO responses. Under a strong external freshwater forcing, the great enhancement of the ENSO variability simulated by the FWF version does not occur in the VSF version and is caused by the overexpansion of the top model layer. In summary, the principle assumption behind using virtual salt flux is not seriously violated and the VSF model has the ability to simulate the current climate and project near-term climate evolution. For some special studies such as a large hosing experiment, however, both the VSF formulation and the use of the FWF in the geopotential coordinate ocean model could have some deficiencies and one should be cautious to avoid them. C1 [Yin, Jianjun] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Stouffer, Ronald J.; Spelman, Michael J.; Griffies, Stephen M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Yin, JJ (reprint author), Florida State Univ, COAPS, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM yin@coaps.fsu.edu NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 23 IS 1 BP 80 EP 96 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI3084.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 540TA UT WOS:000273361000007 ER PT J AU Reynolds, RW Gentemann, CL Corlett, GK AF Reynolds, Richard W. Gentemann, Chelle L. Corlett, Gary K. TI Evaluation of AATSR and TMI Satellite SST Data SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INFRARED IMAGERY; RETRIEVAL; VALIDATION; CLIMATE; CLOUDS AB The purpose of this paper is to investigate two satellite instruments for SST: the infrared (IR) Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) and the microwave (MW) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI). Because of its dual view, AATSR has a potential for lower biases than other IR products such as the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), while the tropical TMI record was available for a longer period of time than the global MW instrument, the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR). The results show that the AATSR IR retrievals are good quality with biases lower than or as low as other satellite retrievals between 50 degrees S and 50 degrees N. Furthermore, the dual-view algorithm reduces the influence of aerosol contamination. However, the AATSR coverage is roughly half that of AVHRR. North of 50 degrees N there appear to be biases and high variability in summer daytime retrievals, with smaller but consistent biases observed below 50 degrees S. TMI data can significantly improve coverage offshore in regions where IR retrievals are reduced by cloud cover. However, TMI data have small-scale biases from land contamination that should be removed by modifying the land-sea mask to remove more coastal regions. C1 [Reynolds, Richard W.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Gentemann, Chelle L.] Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA USA. [Corlett, Gary K.] Univ Leicester, Leicester, Leics, England. RP Reynolds, RW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM richard.w.reynolds@noaa.gov FU NCDC; NOAA/Office; U.K. Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) through Space ConneXions [2004-03-001/CPEG10]; NASA Physical Oceanography [NNH08CC60C] FX We are grateful to NCDC and the NOAA/Office of Global Programs, which provided partial support for this work. The graphics were computed using the Grid Analysis and Display System (GrADS; http://grads.iges.org/grads), Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies. We also thank Tom Smith, Ken Knapp, and Huai-Min Zhang and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive advice. Operational SST data from AATSR is provided by the European Space Agency (ESA; http://www.envisat.esa.int). G. Corlett is funded by the U.K. Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) through Space ConneXions Contract 2004-03-001/CPEG10. C. Gentemann's work was funded by NASA Physical Oceanography Grant NNH08CC60C. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 23 IS 1 BP 152 EP 165 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI3252.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 540TA UT WOS:000273361000011 ER PT J AU Zazulie, N Rusticucci, M Solomon, S AF Zazulie, Natalia Rusticucci, Matilde Solomon, Susan TI Changes in Climate at High Southern Latitudes: A Unique Daily Record at Orcadas Spanning 1903-2008 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ANNULAR MODE; ANTARCTIC TEMPERATURES; TRENDS; VARIABILITY; OSCILLATION; SURFACE; INDEX AB The climate observations at Orcadas represent the only southern high-latitude site where data span more than a century, and its daily measurements are presented for the first time in this paper. Although limited to a single station, the observed warming trends are among the largest found anywhere on the earth, facilitating the study of changes in extreme temperatures as well as averages. Factors that may influence Antarctic climate include natural variability; changes in greenhouse gases; and, since about the mid-1970s, the development of the ozone hole. The seasonality of observed warming and its temporal evolution during the century are both key for interpretations of Antarctic climate change. No statistically significant climate trends are observed at Orcadas from 1903 to 1950. However, statistically significant warming is evident at Orcadas throughout all four seasons of the year since 1950. Particularly in austral fall and winter, the warming of the cold extremes (coldest 5% and 10% of days) substantially exceeds the warming of the mean or of the warmest days, providing a key indicator for cold season Antarctic climate change studies. Trends in the summer season means and extremes since 1970 are approximately twice as large as those observed earlier, supporting suggestions of additional regional warming in that season because of the effects of ozone depletion on the circulation. Further, in the spring and summer seasons, significant mean warming also occurred prior to the development of the Antarctic ozone hole (i.e., 1950-70), supporting an important role for processes other than ozone depletion, such as greenhouse gas increases, for the climate changes. C1 [Solomon, Susan] NOAA, ESRL, CSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zazulie, Natalia; Rusticucci, Matilde] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Ciencias Atmosfera & Oceanos, FCEN, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Zazulie, Natalia; Rusticucci, Matilde] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Solomon, S (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, CSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM susan.solomon@noaa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 23 IS 1 BP 189 EP 196 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI3074.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 540TA UT WOS:000273361000013 ER PT J AU Wen, CH Chang, P Saravanan, R AF Wen, Caihong Chang, Ping Saravanan, Ramalingam TI Effect of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Changes on Tropical Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature Variability: A 2 1/2-Layer Reduced-Gravity Ocean Model Study SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; EQUATORIAL DYNAMICS; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; AFRICAN MONSOON; SHIP DRIFTS; FORMULATION; ANOMALIES; PATHWAYS; CURRENTS AB Previous coupled climate model simulations reveal that a dipole-like SST pattern with cooler (warmer) temperature over the north (south) tropical Atlantic emerges in response to a slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Using a 2-layer reduced-gravity ocean model, a systematic investigation into oceanic processes controlling the tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) response to AMOC changes by varying the strength of northward mass transport at the open boundaries was conducted. It is found that the North Brazil Current (NBC) reverses its direction in response to a shutdown of the AMOC. Such a circulation change causes a decrease in upper equatorial ocean stratification and warming in the Gulf of Guinea and off the coast of Africa. These findings point to the importance of oceanic dynamics in the equatorial SST response to AMOC changes. Sensitivity experiments further show that the SST response relates nonlinearly to AMOC changes. The strength of the SST response increases dramatically when the AMOC strength falls below a threshold value. This nonlinear threshold behavior depends on the position of a subsurface temperature gradient forming along the boundary between the northern subtropical gyre and the tropical gyre that interacts with the western boundary current. The analysis suggests that, in order for the oceanic dynamics to have a dominant influence on tropical Atlantic SST in response to AMOC changes, two conditions must be satisfied: 1) the AMOC must weaken substantially so that the NBC flows equatorward, permitting water mass exchange between the northern subtropical and tropical gyres, and 2) the subsurface temperature front must be located in an optimal location where subsurface temperature anomalies induced by AMOC change are able to enter the equatorial zone. C1 [Wen, Caihong; Chang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Saravanan, Ramalingam] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Wen, CH (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP Climate Predict Ctr, Room 605-A,WWB,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20747 USA. EM caihong.wen@noaa.gov RI Saravanan, Ramalingam/G-8879-2012; Chang, Ping /A-1642-2013 OI Saravanan, Ramalingam/0000-0002-0005-6907; Chang, Ping /0000-0002-9085-0759 NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 23 IS 2 BP 312 EP 332 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI3042.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 543FC UT WOS:000273555500007 ER PT J AU Deser, C Tomas, R Alexander, M Lawrence, D AF Deser, Clara Tomas, Robert Alexander, Michael Lawrence, David TI The Seasonal Atmospheric Response to Projected Arctic Sea Ice Loss in the Late Twenty-First Century SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC SST; MODEL VERSION-3 CAM3; WINTER CIRCULATION; PART I; ANOMALIES; SIMULATION; TRENDS; CCSM3; PRECIPITATION; 21ST-CENTURY AB The authors investigate the atmospheric response to projected Arctic sea ice loss at the end of the twenty-first century using an atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) coupled to a land surface model. The response was obtained from two 60-yr integrations: one with a repeating seasonal cycle of specified sea ice conditions for the late twentieth century (1980-99) and one with that of sea ice conditions for the late twenty-first century (2080-99). In both integrations, a repeating seasonal cycle of SSTs for 1980-99 was prescribed to isolate the impact of projected future sea ice loss. Note that greenhouse gas concentrations remained fixed at 1980-99 levels in both sets of experiments. The twentieth-and twenty-first-century sea ice (and SST) conditions were obtained from ensemble mean integrations of a coupled GCM under historical forcing and Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario forcing, respectively. The loss of Arctic sea ice is greatest in summer and fall, yet the response of the net surface energy budget over the Arctic Ocean is largest in winter. Air temperature and precipitation responses also maximize in winter, both over the Arctic Ocean and over the adjacent high-latitude continents. Snow depths increase over Siberia and northern Canada because of the enhanced winter precipitation. Atmospheric warming over the high-latitude continents is mainly confined to the boundary layer (below similar to 850 hPa) and to regions with a strong low-level temperature inversion. Enhanced warm air advection by submonthly transient motions is the primary mechanism for the terrestrial warming. A significant large-scale atmospheric circulation response is found during winter, with a baroclinic (equivalent barotropic) vertical structure over the Arctic in November-December (January-March). This response resembles the negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation in February only. Comparison with the fully coupled model reveals that Arctic sea ice loss accounts for most of the seasonal, spatial, and vertical structure of the high-latitude warming response to greenhouse gas forcing at the end of the twenty-first century. C1 [Deser, Clara] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Alexander, Michael] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Deser, C (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM cdeser@ucar.edu RI Lawrence, David/C-4026-2011; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Lawrence, David/0000-0002-2968-3023; Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 FU National Science Foundation FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.; We thank the two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions. We gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation's Arctic System Science Program. NR 37 TC 189 Z9 199 U1 4 U2 49 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 23 IS 2 BP 333 EP 351 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI3053.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 543FC UT WOS:000273555500008 ER PT J AU Zhang, R Kang, SM Held, IM AF Zhang, Rong Kang, Sarah M. Held, Isaac M. TI Sensitivity of Climate Change Induced by the Weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation to Cloud Feedback SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; OCEAN; SIMULATION; COLLAPSE; HOLOCENE; MONSOON; MODELS; CYCLE AB A variety of observational and modeling studies show that changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) can induce rapid global-scale climate change. In particular, a substantially weakened AMOC leads to a southward shift of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) in both the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. However, the simulated amplitudes of the AMOC-induced tropical climate change differ substantially among different models. In this paper, the sensitivity to cloud feedback of the climate response to a change in the AMOC is studied using a coupled ocean-atmosphere model [the GFDL Coupled Model, version 2.1 (CM2.1)]. Without cloud feedback, the simulated AMOC-induced climate change in this model is weakened substantially. Low-cloud feedback has a strong amplifying impact on the tropical ITCZ shift in this model, whereas the effects of high-cloud feedback are weaker. It is concluded that cloud feedback is an important contributor to the uncertainty in the global response to AMOC changes. C1 [Zhang, Rong] Princeton Univ, NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Kang, Sarah M.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Zhang, R (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA GFDL, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM rong.zhang@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014 OI Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556 NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 23 IS 2 BP 378 EP 389 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI3118.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 543FC UT WOS:000273555500010 ER PT J AU Wang, CZ Lee, SK Mechoso, CR AF Wang, Chunzai Lee, Sang-Ki Mechoso, Carlos R. TI Interhemispheric Influence of the Atlantic Warm Pool on the Southeastern Pacific SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WESTERN-HEMISPHERE; SUBTROPICAL ANTICYCLONES; TROPICAL PACIFIC; BAROTROPIC ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SEASONAL CYCLE; SUMMER; CIRCULATION; MODEL AB The Atlantic warm pool (AWP) is a large body of warm water comprising the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and western tropical North Atlantic. The AWP can vary on seasonal, interannual, and multidecadal time scales. The maximum AWP size is in the boreal late summer and early fall, with the largest extent in the year being about 3 times the smallest one. The AWP alternates with the Amazon basin in South America as the seasonal heating source for circulations of the Hadley and Walker type in the Western Hemisphere. During the boreal summer/fall, a strong Hadley-type circulation is established, with ascending motion over the AWP and subsidence over the southeastern tropical Pacific. This is accompanied by equatorward flow in the lower troposphere over the southeastern tropical Pacific, as dynamically required by the Sverdrup vorticity balance. It is shown by analyses of observational data and NCAR community atmospheric model simulations that an anomalously large (small) AWP during the boreal summer/fall results in a strengthening (weakening) of the Hadley-type circulation with enhanced descent (ascent) over the southeastern tropical Pacific. It is further demonstrated-by using a simple two-level model linearized about a specified background mean state-that the interhemispheric connection between the AWP and the southeastern tropical Pacific depends on the configuration of the background mean zonal winds in the Southern Hemisphere. C1 [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lee, Sang-Ki] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Mechoso, Carlos R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Chunzai.Wang@noaa.gov RI Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 NR 34 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 23 IS 2 BP 404 EP 418 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI3127.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 543FC UT WOS:000273555500012 ER PT J AU Southwood, A Avens, L AF Southwood, Amanda Avens, Larisa TI Physiological, behavioral, and ecological aspects of migration in reptiles SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Physiology; Energetics; Ectothermy; Navigation; Orientation; Sensory ID LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; PACIFIC LEATHERBACK TURTLES; THAMNOPHIS-SIRTALIS-PARIETALIS; INTERMEDIARY METABOLIC ENZYMES; TERRAPINS MALACLEMYS-TERRAPIN; LONG-DISTANCE MIGRATION; SNAKE PELAMIS-PLATURUS; SIDED GARTER SNAKES; FRESH-WATER TURTLES; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF AB Seasonal movements between foraging, breeding, and overwintering sites occur in a wide variety of reptile species. Terrestrial snakes, lizards, and turtles migrate short distances (< 20 km) between seasonal habitats, whereas fully aquatic marine turtles migrate hundreds to thousands of kilometers between foraging and breeding areas. The purpose of this article is to summarize aspects of migratory physiology and behavior in reptiles, particularly with regards to energetics and sensory mechanisms for navigation and orientation. We discuss the influence of aerobic scope, endurance, and cost of transport on migratory capacity, the effects of temperature and circulating hormones on activity and behavior, and mechanisms of detecting and transducing environmental cues to successfully navigate and orient toward a goal during migration. Topics worthy of further research are highlighted in the text, and we conclude with a discussion of how information on migration patterns of reptiles may be used to manage and conserve threatened populations. C1 [Southwood, Amanda] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Avens, Larisa] NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Southwood, A (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, 601 S Coll Rd, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM southwooda@uncw.edu NR 263 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 14 U2 90 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0174-1578 EI 1432-136X J9 J COMP PHYSIOL B JI J. Comp. Physiol. B-Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 180 IS 1 BP 1 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s00360-009-0415-8 PG 23 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 538HM UT WOS:000273175200001 PM 19847440 ER PT J AU Xu, HHK Weir, MD Sun, L Moreau, JL Takagi, S Chow, LC Antonucci, JM AF Xu, H. H. K. Weir, M. D. Sun, L. Moreau, J. L. Takagi, S. Chow, L. C. Antonucci, J. M. TI Strong Nanocomposites with Ca, PO4, and F Release for Caries Inhibition SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE dental nanocomposite; nanoparticles; strength; Ca and PO4 ion release; fluoride release; tooth caries inhibition ID GLASS-IONOMER CEMENT; DENTAL RESIN COMPOSITES; FLUORIDE RELEASE; RESTORATIVE MATERIALS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; CALCIUM-FLUORIDE; SHRINKAGE-STRESS; POLYMERIZATION SHRINKAGE; CLINICAL-PERFORMANCE AB This article reviews recent studies on: (1) the synthesis of novel calcium phosphate and calcium fluoride nanoparticles and their incorporation into dental resins to develop nanocomposites; (2) the effects of key microstructural parameters on Ca, PO4, and F ion release from nanocomposites, including the effects of nanofiller volume fraction, particle size, and silanization; and (3) mechanical properties of nanocomposites, including water-aging effects, flexural strength, fracture toughness, and three-body wear. This article demonstrates that a major advantage of using the new nanoparticles is that high levels of Ca, PO4, and F release can be achieved at low filler levels in the resin, because of the high surface areas of the nanoparticles. This leaves room in the resin for substantial reinforcement fillers. The combination of releasing nanofillers with stable and strong reinforcing fillers is promising to yield a nanocomposite with both stress-bearing and caries-inhibiting capabilities, a combination not yet available in current materials. C1 [Xu, H. H. K.; Weir, M. D.; Moreau, J. L.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Sun, L.; Takagi, S.; Chow, L. C.] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Antonucci, J. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, 650 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM hxu@umaryland.edu RI Weir, Michael/M-7729-2013 OI Weir, Michael/0000-0002-7961-3787 FU NIH [R01 DE14190, R01 DE17974, R01 DE16416]; Maryland Nano-Biotechnology Initiative Award; University of Maryland Dental School in Baltimore; NIST; ADAF FX We are grateful to Drs. Jack L. Ferracane, Franklin Garcia-Godoy, Sabine H. Dickens, Drago Skrtic, and Gary E. Schumacher for fruitful discussions. We thank Anthony Giuseppetti, Janet Quinn, Max Peltz, Chiara Ferraris, and Bernard Hockey for assistance. We are grateful to Editor-in-Chief Dr. Anthony Smith, and to Dr. Dana Graves, editor of the Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine section, for inviting us to write this review. Thanks are also due to the two anonymous reviewers who provided invaluable comments. We gratefully acknowledge the following support: NIH R01 grants DE14190 (HX), DE17974 (HX), and DE16416 (LC), Maryland Nano-Biotechnology Initiative Award (HX), the University of Maryland Dental School in Baltimore, NIST, and ADAF. This is an official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 85 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 22 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 89 IS 1 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1177/0022034509351969 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 530SG UT WOS:000272612000003 PM 19948941 ER PT J AU Baer, DR Lea, AS Geller, JD Hammond, JS Kover, L Powell, CJ Seah, MP Suzuki, M Watts, JF Wolstenholme, J AF Baer, D. R. Lea, A. S. Geller, J. D. Hammond, J. S. Kover, L. Powell, C. J. Seah, M. P. Suzuki, M. Watts, J. F. Wolstenholme, J. TI Approaches to analyzing insulators with Auger electron spectroscopy: Update and overview SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE Auger electron spectroscopy; Surface charging; Surface analysis; Practical guide ID SURFACE-ANALYSIS; STRUCTURE CERAMICS; SAM MICROANALYSIS; AES; CHARGE; MICROSCOPY; BACKSIDE; GLASS; MECHANISMS; REDUCTION AB This paper provides an updated overview, intended to be of practical value to analysts, of methods that can be applied to minimize or control the build-up of near-surface electrical charge during electron-induced Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Although well-developed methods can be highly effective, dealing with insulating or ungrounded samples for which high spatial resolution is needed remains a challenge. Examples of the application of methods involving low-energy ion sources and sample thinning using a focused ion beam that can allow high-resolution measurements on a variety of samples are highlighted. The physical bases of newer and traditional methods are simply described along with strengths and limitations of the methods. Summary tables indicate methods that can be applied to most AES spectrometers, methods that require special instrumental capabilities and methods that require special sample preparation or mounting. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Baer, D. R.; Lea, A. S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Geller, J. D.] Geller MicroAnalyt Lab, Topsfield, MA 01983 USA. [Hammond, J. S.] Phys Elect Inc, Chanhassen, MN 55317 USA. [Kover, L.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, ATOMKI, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary. [Powell, C. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Seah, M. P.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Suzuki, M.] ULVAC PHI Inc, Kanagawa 2538522, Japan. [Watts, J. F.] Univ Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, England. [Wolstenholme, J.] Thermo Fisher Sci, E Grinstead RH19 1UB, W Sussex, England. RP Baer, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM don.baer@pnl.gov RI Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013; OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961; Lea, Alan/0000-0002-4232-1553 FU US DOE FX This paper evolved as a result of the development of ISO Standard "Surface Chemical Analysis-Auger electron spectroscopy-Reporting of methods used for charge control and charge correction" (ISO 29081) and the participation of many international experts in the preparation of this standard is gratefully acknowledged. As the project leader, DRB especially thanks the many researchers, vendor representatives, and ISO TC201 and ASTM E42 committee participants and members who have provided suggestions, data, comments, and ideas that were incorporated into the standard as well as this paper. Several very helpful discussions with J. Cazaux on how to present a simplified, but reasonably correct, discussion of TSEY are gratefully acknowledged. Part of the motivation for this effort derived from needs and experience of users working to characterize complex materials and nanostructures in the EMSL-the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) national scientific user facility located at the Pacific National Northwest Laboratory (PNNL). This work also supports research programs sponsored by the Offices of Basic Energy Sciences and Biological and Environmental Research of the US DOE at PNNL. NR 53 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 176 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 80 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2009.03.021 PG 15 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 557OR UT WOS:000274679400012 ER PT J AU Castell, N Mantilla, E Salvador, R Stein, AF Millan, M AF Castell, N. Mantilla, E. Salvador, R. Stein, A. F. Millan, M. TI Photochemical model evaluation of the surface ozone impact of a power plant in a heavily industrialized area of southwestern Spain SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Surface ozone; Assessment; Power plant; Complex terrain; Ozone sensitivity; Modeling uncertainty ID GROUND-LEVEL OZONE; MESOSCALE MODEL; AIR-POLLUTION; EMISSIONS; PLUMES; EUROPE AB The characterization and evaluation of the impact that an industry is likely to have on the surrounding ozone levels is one of many problems confronting air quality managers and should be taken into consideration when authorizing its installation. The correct management of an environment, in terms of monitoring existing industries and planning new activities, requires adequate knowledge of the processes sustained by the industrial emissions therein. This paper explores the improvements in air quality management arising from taking into account the uncertainties involved in the photochemical modeling of the impact of an industry on surface ozone levels. For this, we evaluate the impact on ozone levels of a power plant located in an industrial area of southwestern Spain (Huelva). The evaluation takes into account the effects of both emissions' uncertainty and the non-linear chemistry between ozone and its precursors, thus providing a probable range of increase over the normative values (hourly and 8-hourly maximums) defined in the European Directive. The proposed methodology is easily applicable by air quality managers. Advanced modeling techniques were used for the power plant assessment, MM5 atmospheric modeling system, and air quality model CAMx. The results from meteorology and ozone forecasts have shown acceptable agreement with the observations. The spatial distribution of the impact is found to be strongly determined by mesoscale meteorological processes, which are reinforced by the local orography; there is also a marked temporal evolution. The industrial plume is observed to induce a decrease (or maintenance) of the ozone levels near the emission source (0-10 km), and an increase in the ozone concentrations farther away (with maximums between 10 and 50 km). In fact, in the meteorological episodes with a predominance of local breeze circulations, impacts have been detected at distances of more than 100 km from the emission source. Sensitivity of the power plant impact to variations in ozone precursor emissions is described, and the scenarios and the points in the domain presenting higher sensitivity and registering larger impacts are also identified. The results show that the largest impacts take place in emission scenarios where the NOx has been reduced with respect to the base case scenario. In contrast, in scenarios where the VOC emissions are reduced with respect to the base case scenario, the impact is smaller or remains unchanged. This is important in areas like the study case, where there is a high percentage of biogenic VOC emissions and the industrial areas are close to natural protected areas and agricultural fields. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Castell, N.; Mantilla, E.; Salvador, R.; Millan, M.] Fdn Ctr Estudios Ambientales Mediterraneo CEAM, E-46980 Valencia, Spain. [Stein, A. F.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Castell, N (reprint author), Fdn Ctr Estudios Ambientales Mediterraneo CEAM, Parque Tecnol,C Charles R Darwin 14, E-46980 Valencia, Spain. EM nuria@ceam.es; ariel.stein@noaa.gov RI Stein, Ariel/G-1330-2012; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014 OI Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198 FU Generalitat Valenciana and Bancaixa FX The CEAM Foundation is co-financed by the Generalitat Valenciana and Bancaixa. This work is a contribution to the CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010 programme (GRACCIE research project) and to ACCENT. Thanks also to CESCA for its computer support. In addition, the authors would like to thank the referees for their comments and suggestions on this work. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 91 IS 3 BP 662 EP 676 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.09.030 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 556PC UT WOS:000274602300010 PM 19853365 ER PT J AU Key, PB Chung, KW Venturella, JJ Shaddrick, B Fulton, MH AF Key, Peter B. Chung, Katy W. Venturella, John J. Shaddrick, Brian Fulton, Michael H. TI Acute toxic effects of endosulfan sulfate on three life stages of grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE Endosulfan sulfate; endosulfan; Palaemonetes pugio; insecticide ID AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; SURFACE-WATER; BAY; EVERGLADES AB In this study, the toxicity of endosulfan sulfate, the primary degradation product of the insecticide endosulfan, was determined in three life stages of the grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio). After 96 h exposure to endosulfan sulfate, the grass shrimp adult LC50 was 0.86 mu g/L (95% CI 0.56-1.31), the grass shrimp larvae LC50 was 1.64 mu g/L (95% CI 1.09-2.47) and the grass shrimp embryo LC50 was 45.85 mu g/L (95% CI 23.72-88.61 mu g/L). This was compared to the previously published grass shrimp 96-h LC50s for endosulfan. The toxicity of the two compounds was similar for the grass shrimp life stages with adults more sensitive than larvae and embryos. The presence of sediment in 24h endosulfan sulfate-exposures raised LC50s for both adult and larval grass shrimp but not significantly. The USEPA expected environmental concentrations (EEC) for total endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate and the calculations of risk quotients (RQ) based on the more sensitive adult grass shrimp 96-h LC50 clearly show that environmental concentrations equal to acute EECs would prove detrimental to grass shrimp or other similarly sensitive aquatic organisms. These results indicate that given the persistence and toxicity of endosulfan sulfate, future risk assessments should consider the toxicity potential of the parent compound as well as this degradation product. C1 [Key, Peter B.; Fulton, Michael H.] Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC USA. [Chung, Katy W.; Venturella, John J.; Shaddrick, Brian] JHT Inc, Natl Ocean Serv, Orlando, FL USA. RP Key, PB (reprint author), Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC USA. EM pete.key@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1080/03601230903404440 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 535WA UT WOS:000273001400007 PM 20390931 ER PT J AU Pilot, M Dahlheim, ME Hoelzel, AR AF Pilot, M. Dahlheim, M. E. Hoelzel, A. R. TI Social cohesion among kin, gene flow without dispersal and the evolution of population genetic structure in the killer whale (Orcinus orca) SO JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behavioural isolation; breeding system; dispersal patterns; ecotype; gene flow; genetic divergence; kin structure; marine mammal; Orcinus orca ID EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; MIGRATION RATES; RELATEDNESS; ECOLOGY; DIFFERENTIATION; RECONSTRUCTION; ASSIGNMENT; STABILITY; INFERENCE AB In social species, breeding system and gregarious behavior are key factors influencing the evolution of large-scale population genetic structure. The killer whale is a highly social apex predator showing genetic differentiation in sympatry between populations of foraging specialists (ecotypes), and low levels of genetic diversity overall. Our comparative assessments of kinship, parentage and dispersal reveal high levels of kinship within local populations and ongoing male-mediated gene flow among them, including among ecotypes that are maximally divergent within the mtDNA phylogeny. Dispersal from natal populations was rare, implying that gene flow occurs without dispersal, as a result of reproduction during temporary interactions. Discordance between nuclear and mitochondrial phylogenies was consistent with earlier studies suggesting a stochastic basis for the magnitude of mtDNA differentiation between matrilines. Taken together our results show how the killer whale breeding system, coupled with social, dispersal and foraging behaviour, contributes to the evolution of population genetic structure. C1 [Pilot, M.; Hoelzel, A. R.] Univ Durham, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Pilot, M.] Polish Acad Sci, Museum Zool, Warsaw, Poland. [Pilot, M.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Warsaw, Poland. [Dahlheim, M. E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hoelzel, AR (reprint author), Univ Durham, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM a.r.hoelzel@durham.ac.uk FU Foundation for Polish Science FX We thank David Bain, Ken Balcomb, Mike Bigg, Nancy Black, Vladimir Burkanov, Andy Dizon, Dave Ellifrit, Mike Ford, Jeff Foster, Rich Osborne, Jen Schorr, Johann Sigurjonsson, Greg Stone, Jim Thomason, Porter Turnbull, Miami Seaquarium and the Vancouver Aquarium for providing samples and assistance. We are grateful to A. Moura and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on the manuscript. M. Pilot was supported by a fellowship from the Foundation for Polish Science. NR 49 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 9 U2 83 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1010-061X J9 J EVOLUTION BIOL JI J. Evol. Biol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 23 IS 1 BP 20 EP 31 DI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01887.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 532UC UT WOS:000272774400003 PM 19912451 ER PT J AU Leandro, LF Teegarden, GJ Roth, PB Wang, ZH Doucette, GJ AF Leandro, Luis F. Teegarden, Gregory J. Roth, Patricia B. Wang, Zhihong Doucette, Gregory J. TI The copepod Calanus finmarchicus: A potential vector for trophic transfer of the marine algal biotoxin, domoic acid SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Calanus finmarchicus; Copepod; Copepod grazing; Domoic acid; Harmful algal blooms; Pseudo-nitzschia ID PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA-MULTISERIES; ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; FOOD WEBS; ALEXANDRIUM-FUNDYENSE; TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE; SIZE FRACTIONS; PSP TOXINS; SEA LIONS; ZOOPLANKTON AB The marine algal biotoxin, domoic acid (DA), is produced by certain members of the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia. This neurotoxin has been responsible for several mass mortality events involving marine birds and mammals. In all cases, the toxin was transferred from its algal producers through marine food webs by one or more intermediate vectors. The ability of some copepod taxa to serve as vectors for DA has been demonstrated; however, the role played in DA trophic transfer by Calanus finmarchicus. which often dominates N. Atlantic zooplankton assemblages and is a primary dietary component of the highly endangered N. Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis), has been uncertain. In the present study, we examined the ability of C. finmarchicus to consume DA-producing algae and retain the toxin. Results of grazing and toxin accumulation/depuration experiments showed that C. finmarchicus consumed DA-producing Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries regardless of the presence or absence of morphologically similar, but non-toxic, P. pungens, across initial cell concentrations ranging from 1000-4000 cells mL(-1). Furthermore, C. finmarchicus did not appear to preferentially consume or avoid either Pseudo-nitzschia species tested. After ingestion of P. multiseries, copepods accumulated DA and retained it for up to 48 h post-removal of the toxin source. These findings provide evidence for the potential of C. finmarchicus to facilitate DA trophic transfer in marine food webs where toxic Pseudo-nitzschia is present. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Leandro, Luis F.; Wang, Zhihong; Doucette, Gregory J.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Leandro, Luis F.; Roth, Patricia B.] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Teegarden, Gregory J.] St Josephs Coll, Standish, ME 04084 USA. RP Doucette, GJ (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Natl Ocean Serv, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM greg.doucette@noaa.gov RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013 FU NOAA/NOS FX We would like to express our thanks to Drs. S. Bates (Dept. of Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Moncton, NB, Canada) and R. Jones (Ocean Process Analysis Lab, Univ. New Hampshire, NH, USA), respectively, for providing the Pseudo-nitzschia cultures and Calanus finmarchicus used in this study. We also gratefully acknowledge C. Mikulski for her assistance with fluorescence in-situ hybridization. The DA antibody was a gift of Dr. C. Elliott, Queen's University Belfast, N. Ireland. Support for this work was provided in part by NOAA/NOS operational funds. NR 51 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 382 IS 2 BP 88 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2009.11.002 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 549IT UT WOS:000274042200003 ER PT J AU Kattsov, VM Ryabinin, VE Overland, JE Serreze, MC Visbeck, M Walsh, JE Meier, W Zhang, XD AF Kattsov, Vladimir M. Ryabinin, Vladimir E. Overland, James E. Serreze, Mark C. Visbeck, Martin Walsh, John E. Meier, Walt Zhang, Xiangdong TI Arctic sea-ice change: a grand challenge of climate science SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 21ST CENTURIES; MODEL SIMULATIONS; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; MINIMUM EXTENT; OCEAN; 20TH; VARIABILITY; REANALYSES; EVOLUTION; AOGCMS AB Over the period of modern satellite observations, Arctic sea-ice extent at the end of the melt season (September) has declined at a rate of >11% per decade, and there is evidence that the rate of decline has accelerated during the last decade. While climate models project further decreases in sea-ice mass and extent through the 21st century, the model ensemble mean trend over the period of instrumental records is smaller than observed. Possible reasons for the apparent discrepancy between observations and model simulations include observational uncertainties, vigorous unforced climate variability in the high latitudes, and limitations and shortcomings of the models stemming in particular from gaps in understanding physical process. The economic significance of a seasonally sea-ice-free future Arctic, the increased connectivity of a warmer Arctic with changes in global climate, and large uncertainties in magnitude and timing of these impacts make the problem of rapid sea-ice loss in the Arctic a grand challenge of climate science. Meaningful prediction/projection of the Arctic sea-ice conditions for the coming decades and beyond requires determining priorities for observations and model development, evaluation of the ability of climate models, to reproduce the observed sea-ice behavior as a part of the broader climate system, improved attribution of the causes of Arctic sea-ice change, and improved understanding of the predictability of sea-ice conditions on seasonal through centennial timescales in the wider context of the polar climate predictability. C1 [Kattsov, Vladimir M.] Voeikov Main Geophys Observ MGO, St Petersburg 190421, Russia. [Ryabinin, Vladimir E.] World Meteorol Org, WCRP, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland. [Overland, James E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Serreze, Mark C.; Meier, Walt] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Visbeck, Martin] Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch IFM GEOMAR, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Walsh, John E.; Zhang, Xiangdong] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Kattsov, VM (reprint author), Voeikov Main Geophys Observ MGO, 7 Karbyshev St, St Petersburg 190421, Russia. EM kattsov@mail.ru RI Visbeck, Martin/G-2461-2011; Zhang, Xiangdong/A-9711-2009; Visbeck, Martin/B-6541-2016 OI Visbeck, Martin/0000-0002-0844-834X; Zhang, Xiangdong/0000-0001-5893-2888; Visbeck, Martin/0000-0002-0844-834X FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) [OPP-0652838]; Research Council of Norway; Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [08-05-00569]; US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Office; NSF [ARC-0901962, ARC-1023592]; NOAA [NA07OAR4310056]; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAM-STEC) FX We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM), for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, US Department of Energy. This paper benefited from discussions during the International Arctic Research Center (IARC)-Climate and Cryosphere Project (CliC) joint workshop 'Rapid Change in Arctic Sea Ice: Assessing Drivers and Future Trajectories' (6-8 October 2010, IARC, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA). V.M.K. and J.E.W. were supported by US National Science Foundation (NSF) grant OPP-0652838, and V.M.K. additionally by the Research Council of Norway ARCWARM project and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) grant 08-05-00569. J.E.O. appreciates the support of the Arctic Program of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Office, PMEL contribution No. 3627. M.C.S. was supported by NSF grant ARC-0901962. W.M. was supported by NOAA grant No. NA07OAR4310056. X.Z. was supported by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAM-STEC) and NSF through grant ARC-1023592. We thank the anonymous reviewer. NR 48 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 25 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2010 VL 56 IS 200 SI SI BP 1115 EP 1121 DI 10.3189/002214311796406176 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 818KP UT WOS:000294750900016 ER PT J AU Fahnenstiel, G Nalepa, T Pothoven, S Carrick, H Scavia, D AF Fahnenstiel, G. Nalepa, T. Pothoven, S. Carrick, H. Scavia, D. TI Lake Michigan lower food web: Long-term observations and Dreissena impact SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Food web; Phytoplankton; Zooplankton; Phosphorus ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH; SAGINAW BAY; DYNAMICS; WATER; POLYMORPHA; BUGENSIS; MUSSELS; SPP. AB Lake Michigan has a long history of non-indigenous introductions that have caused significant ecological change. Here we present a summary of eight papers that document recent changes and the current state of the lower food web of southern Lake Michigan after the establishment of large dreissenid populations. Results are based on long-term data sets collected by federal and academic research and monitoring programs that place recent changes into a historic context. Dramatic and significant changes in the lower food web, such as the loss of the spring diatom bloom, large declines in phytoplankton productivity, and a decline of Mysis populations, were directly or indirectly attributed to the expansion of Dreissena rostriformis bugensis. Total phosphorus concentrations and loadings also have decreased in the last 20 years. Changes in the Lake Michigan ecosystem induced by D. r. bugensis have produced conditions in the offshore pelagic region that are similar to oligotrophic Lake Superior. The future state of the lower food web in southern Lake Michigan is difficult to predict, mainly because population trends of D.r. bugensis in cold, offshore regions are unknown. Hence, monitoring programs designed to collect long-term, consistent data on the lower food web of Lake Michigan are essential. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fahnenstiel, G.; Pothoven, S.] NOAA, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Nalepa, T.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Carrick, H.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Scavia, D.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Fahnenstiel, G (reprint author), NOAA, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM gary.fahnenstiel@noaa.gov; thomas.nalepa@noaa.gov; steve.pothoven@noaa.gov; hjc11@psu.edu; scavia@umich.edu OI Scavia, Donald/0000-0002-2784-8269; Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 NR 30 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2010 VL 36 SU 3 SI SI BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.05.009 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 647XS UT WOS:000281654700001 ER PT J AU Nalepa, TF Fanslow, DL Pothoven, SA AF Nalepa, Thomas F. Fanslow, David L. Pothoven, Steven A. TI Recent changes in density, biomass, recruitment, size structure, and nutritional state of Dreissena populations in southern Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Quagga mussels; Zebra mussels; Benthic community ID ELECTRON-TRANSPORT SYSTEM; LOWER GREAT-LAKES; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA GMELIN; ZEBRA MUSSEL; SAGINAW BAY; CONDITION INDEX; QUAGGA MUSSELS; NORTH-AMERICA; PHYSIOLOGICAL ENERGETICS; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA AB Trends in density, biomass, population structure, and nutritional state of Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena rostriformis bugensis were examined in southern Lake Michigan between the 1990s and 2008. Density and biomass of D. polymorpha increased to a peak in the early 2000s and then declined. In contrast. D. rostriformis bugensis was first found in the southern basin in 2001 and has continued to increase in density or biomass at all depths ever since. In 2008, maximum mean density of D. rostriformis bugensis occurred at 16-30 m (19,000/m(2)), but maximum biomass (AFDW) occurred at 31-50 m (43.9 g/m(2)). D. rostriformis bugensis has only recently (since 2005) began to increase at depths >50 m. When both species were present in 2004 at depths <50 m, a condition index (Cl) for D. rostriformis bugensis was 27% higher, and shell weight per shell length was 48% lower compared to D. polymorpha. For D. rostriformis bugensis, Cl decreased in 2008 compared to 2004 at 25 m and 45 m, but biochemical content (lipid, glycogen) did not. Seasonal changes in both RNA/DNA ratio (growth) and ETS (metabolic activity) in D. rostriformis bugensis were unaffected by reproductive activity, and only ETS appeared to change seasonally relative to bottom temperatures. Spawning of D. rostriformis bugensis occurred in late summer at 25 m, but occurred in spring at 45 in. Veliger densities peaked in both spring and late summer at both depths. Future population expansion (biomass) is expected to be most rapid at depths >50 m. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nalepa, Thomas F.; Fanslow, David L.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. RP Nalepa, TF (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State St, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM Thomas.Nalepa@noaa.gov; David.Fanslow@noaa.gov; Steve.Pothoven@nall.gov OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 NR 75 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 5 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2010 VL 36 SU 3 SI SI BP 5 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.03.013 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 647XS UT WOS:000281654700002 ER PT J AU Hayhoe, K VanDorn, J Croley, T Schlegal, N Wuebbles, D AF Hayhoe, Katharine VanDorn, Jeff Croley, Thomas, II Schlegal, Nicole Wuebbles, Donald TI Regional climate change projections for Chicago and the US Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Climate modeling; Great Lakes; Temperature; Precipitation ID MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; LONG-TERM TRENDS; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; WATER-RESOURCES; ICE COVER; IMPACTS; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; PATTERNS; 20TH-CENTURY AB Assessing regional impacts of climate change begins with development of climate projections at relevant temporal and spatial scales. Here, proven statistical downscaling methods are applied to relatively coarse-scale atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) output to improve the simulation and resolution of spatial and temporal variability in temperature and precipitation across the US Great Lakes region. The absolute magnitude of change expected over the coming century depends on the sensitivity of the climate system to human forcing and on the trajectory of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Annual temperatures in the region are projected to increase 1.4 +/- 0.6 degrees C over the near-term (2010-2039), by 2.0 +/- 0.7 degrees C under lower and 3 +/- 1 degrees C under higher emissions by midcentury (2040-2069), and by 3 +/- 1 degrees C under lower and 5.0 +/- 1.2 degrees C under higher emissions by end-of-century (2070-2099), relative to the historical reference period 1961-1990. Simulations also highlight seasonal and geographical differences in warming, consistent with recent trends. Increases in winter and spring precipitation of up to 20% under lower and 30% under higher emissions are projected by end-of-century, while projections for summer and fall remain inconsistent. Competing effects of shifting precipitation and warmer temperatures suggest little change in Great Lake levels over much of the century until the end of the century, when net decreases are expected under higher emissions. Overall, these projections suggest the potential for considerable changes to climate in the US Great Lakes region; changes that could be mitigated by reducing global emissions to follow a lower as opposed to a higher emissions trajectory over the coming century. (c) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hayhoe, Katharine] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Hayhoe, Katharine; VanDorn, Jeff] ATMOS Res & Consulting, Lubbock, TX 79490 USA. [Croley, Thomas, II] NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Schlegal, Nicole] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wuebbles, Donald] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hayhoe, K (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, POB 41053, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM katharine.hayhoe@ttu.edu; vandorn@atmosresearch.com; Tom.Croley@noaa.gov; nschlegel@gmail.com; wuebbles@atmos.uiuc.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's through EPA [RD-83337301-0] FX The research described in the article has been funded wholly or in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's STAR program through grant EPA RD-83337301-0. It has not been subjected to any EPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 70 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 11 U2 73 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2010 VL 36 SU 2 SI SI BP 7 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.03.012 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 671CE UT WOS:000283476600002 ER PT J AU Fahnenstiel, G Pothoven, S Vanderploeg, H Klarer, D Nalepa, T Scavia, D AF Fahnenstiel, G. Pothoven, S. Vanderploeg, H. Klarer, D. Nalepa, T. Scavia, D. TI Recent changes in primary production and phytoplankton in the offshore region of southeastern Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Cyanobacteria; Chlorophytes; Cryptophyceae; Chrysophyceae; Diatoms ID MUSSEL DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; ZEBRA MUSSEL; GREAT-LAKES; SAGINAW BAY; WATER-QUALITY; CHLOROPHYLL-A; PHOSPHORUS; DYNAMICS; ERIE; TRENDS AB Phytoplankton abundance, composition, and productivity were monitored on a bi-weekly basis from March/April through November/December at two offshore stations in southeastern Lake Michigan in 1983-1987,1995-1998 and 2007-2008 (exception 1983-1984 which were sampled from May to August). During the spring isothermal mixing period, surface-mixed layer (SML) chlorophyll a and phytoplankton biomass (carbon) and water column primary productivity decreased substantially in 2007-2008 as compared to 1995-1998 (66%, 87%, and 70% decrease, respectively). Smaller or no decreases were noted between 1983-1987 and 1995-1998 (chlorophyll a 23% decrease, phytoplankton biomass 5% increase, and production 22% decrease). Phytoplankton composition also changed during the spring isothermal mixing period in 2007-2008 as compared to 1983-1987 and 1995-1998: all phytoplankton groups with the exception of cyanobacteria and chlorophytes exhibited dramatic reductions in 2007-2008. The pronounced changes in phytoplankton properties during spring mixing in 2007-2008 were attributed to the filtering activities of the quagga mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis). During mid- and late thermal stratification periods, SML phytoplankton chlorophyll a and phytoplankton carbon and water column primary production exhibited only one significant change across all decades (mid-stratification production in 2007-2008 as compared to 1995-1998 and 1983-1987). Phytoplankton compositional changes in the SML also were limited during thermal stratification. The size of the deep chlorophyll layer (DCL) in 2007-2008 was similar to or smaller than those in 1983-1987 and 1995-1998. However, phytoplankton composition in the DCL changed as net diatoms constituted <5% of total phytoplankton in the 2007-2008 DCL but over 50% in 1983-1987 and 1995-1998. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fahnenstiel, G.; Pothoven, S.] NOAA, Lake Michigan Field Stn, GLERL, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Vanderploeg, H.; Nalepa, T.] NOAA, GLERL, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Klarer, D.] Old Woman Creek Estuary, Huron, OH 44839 USA. [Scavia, D.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Res & Env, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Fahnenstiel, G (reprint author), NOAA, Lake Michigan Field Stn, GLERL, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM gary.fahnenstiel@noaa.gov; steve.pothoven@noaa.gov; henry.vanderploeg@noaa.gov; david.klarer@oldwomancreek.org; thomas.nalepa@noaa.gov; scavia@umich.edu OI Scavia, Donald/0000-0002-2784-8269; Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 NR 51 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 5 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2010 VL 36 SU 3 SI SI BP 20 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.03.009 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 647XS UT WOS:000281654700003 ER PT J AU Kerfoot, WC Yousef, F Green, SA Budd, JW Schwab, DJ Vanderploeg, HA AF Kerfoot, W. Charles Yousef, Foad Green, Sarah A. Budd, Judith W. Schwab, David J. Vanderploeg, Henry A. TI Approaching storm: Disappearing winter bloom in Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Winter chlorophyll; SeaWiFS; Lake Michigan; Quagga ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; CHLOROPHYLL-A; RESUSPENSION; CIRCULATION; SEDIMENT; BUGENSIS; ERIE; ECOSYSTEM; MUSSELS AB Between 1990 and 2001, late-winter phytoplankton blooms were common in parts of the lower Great Lakes (southern Lake Michigan, Saginaw Bay and southern Lake Huron, and western Lake Erie), providing resources for over-wintering zooplankton. In Lake Michigan up to 2001, detailed remote sensing and ship studies documented well-developed late-winter blooms in the southern gyre (circular bloom termed the 'doughnut'). However, from 2001 to 2008, the winter blooms in Lake Michigan also supported early season veliger larvae from the introduced, cold-water adapted "profunda" morph of quagga mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis). Remote sensing and ship studies revealed that settled mussels caused an extraordinary increase in water transparency and a simultaneous decrease of Chl a in the late-winter bloom. Before quagga mussels in 2001, water transparency was 74-85% at deep-water sites, whereas it increased progressively to 89% by 2006 and 94-96% by 2008. Chlorophyll a concentrations in the gyre rings were 1.1-2.6 mu g/L in 2001, declining to 0.5-1.7 mu g/L by 2006 and 0.4-1.5 mu g/L by 2008. The reduction of Chl a in the winter bloom rings from 2001 to 2008 was 56-78% for the western limb and 74-75% for the eastern limb. Zooplankton species abundance, composition and abundance also changed, as cyclopoid copepods became very scarce and over-wintering omnivorous calanoid copepods declined. Reduction in late-winter phytoplankton and zooplankton poses a serious threat to open-water food webs. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kerfoot, W. Charles; Yousef, Foad] Michigan Technol Univ, Lake Super Ecosyst Res Ctr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Kerfoot, W. Charles; Yousef, Foad] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Green, Sarah A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Chem, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Budd, Judith W.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Schwab, David J.; Vanderploeg, Henry A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Kerfoot, WC (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Lake Super Ecosyst Res Ctr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM wkerfoot@mtu.edu; fyousef@mtu.edu; sgreen@mtu.edu; jwbudd@mtu.edu; david.schwab@noaa.gov; henry.vanderploeg@noaa.gov RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012; OI Green, Sarah/0000-0002-8094-433X FU National Science Foundation [NSF OCE-9726680]; NSF/NOAA [NSF DEB-0083731]; NOAA [NA16RG1145]; [R/ER-19] FX Research was supported by NSF OCE-9726680 EEGLE CoOP (National Science Foundation and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Ocean Program, Episodic Events-Great Lakes Experiment) grant to W.C. K. and J.W.B; a NOAA Coastal Ocean program grant (NOAA portion of NSF/NOAA EEGLE CoOP Project) to DJ. S. and H.A. V.; an NSF DEB-0083731 (Biocomplexity) grant to W.C. K.; and a NOAA Michigan Seagrant Award NA16RG1145, Project R/ER-19 to Kerfoot, Budd, Green, Vanderploeg, and Schwab. We thank Chris Roussi for the help with the BAT circuitry, Qili Hu and Aaron Hemme for the sampling support, and Jennifer Reed for obtaining additional ship support funds. Lucille Zelazny aided figure preparation. We also acknowledge the crews of the RV Laurentian, who guided us successfully across Lake Michigan during a hazardous time of the year. NR 53 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2010 VL 36 SU 3 SI SI BP 30 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.04.010 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 647XS UT WOS:000281654700004 ER PT J AU Mida, JL Scavia, D Fahnenstiel, GL Pothoven, SA Vanderploeg, HA Dolan, DM AF Mida, Julia L. Scavia, Donald Fahnenstiel, Gary L. Pothoven, Steven A. Vanderploeg, Henry A. Dolan, David M. TI Long-term and recent changes in southern Lake Michigan water quality with implications for present trophic status SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Phosphorus; Chlorophyll; Dreissenids; Trends ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; PHOSPHORUS ENRICHMENT; TRENDS; PHYTOPLANKTON; CHLOROPHYLL; DREISSENA; DYNAMICS; ERIE AB Southern Lake Michigan has changed in response to alterations in nutrients and invasive species. NOAA and EPA monitoring results are used to examine those changes. NOAA provides detailed seasonal resolution, but limited spatial coverage, whereas the EPA provides more spatial coverage, but limited seasonal resolution. We compare changes in total phosphorus (TP), silica, nitrate plus nitrite, and chlorophyll concentrations from before and after the invasion by the quagga mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis). Although TP at NOAA stations was consistently higher than at EPA stations, both confirm declines in spring and summer surface mixed layer (SML) conditions. Chlorophyll differed at EPA and NOAA stations before quagga mussel invasion, but not after the invasion. Spring chlorophyll decreased at NOAA stations after the invasion, but summer conditions did not change at either set of stations. Pre-invasion silica at NOAA stations was slightly higher than at EPA stations, and the lake's Si reservoir increased over the study period. Basin-scale spring Si increased gradually, whereas summer SML Si increased dramatically after 2003, likely reflecting reduced diatom production. Basin-scale nitrate increased significantly from pre- to post-invasion in both spring and summer. Summer nitrate utilization declined drastically in recent years, likely reflecting reduced phytoplankton production. TP loads decreased; however, the timing of changes in chlorophyll and Si and nitrate utilization suggest the recent increase in dreissenid filtering dramatically reduced spring phytoplankton abundance and production across the entire southern basin. The offshore pelagic zone of the historically mesotrophic southern Lake Michigan is now similar to oligotrophic lake Superior. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved, C1 [Mida, Julia L.; Scavia, Donald] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Fahnenstiel, Gary L.; Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Lake Michigan Field Stn, GLERL, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Vanderploeg, Henry A.] GLERL NOAA, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Dolan, David M.] Univ Wisconsin, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. RP Scavia, D (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM midaj@umich.edu; scavia@umich.edu; gary.fahnenstiel@noaa.gov; steve.pothoven@noaa.gov; henry.vanderploeg@noaa.gov; doland@uwgb.edu RI Hinderer, Julia/A-9331-2013; OI Scavia, Donald/0000-0002-2784-8269; Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 FU EPA-GLNPO [GL-00E23601, GL-00E58501]; NOAA; Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX Funding for Scavia and Mida was provided in part by EPA-GLNPO (Grant No. GL-00E23601) and funding for the total phosphorus load update was provided to Dolan by EPA-GLNPO (Grant No. GL-00E58501). The authors would like to acknowledge EPA-GLNPO's monitoring program and the crew of the R/V Peter Wise Lake Guardian. We also thank the NOAA Coastal Ocean Program Episodic Events Great Lakes Experiment for funding Vanderploeg and Fahnenstiel's collection of data from 1998-2000 and the Great Lakes Fishery Commission for funding Vanderploeg for data collection 20012003 at the NOAA sites. Sampling and analysis of the NOAA data during the past 30 years was due to the efforts of many, including but not limited to: the crews of the R/V Shenehon and R/V Laurentian, Hunter Carrick, Bruce Wagoner, Joann Caveletto, Jim Liebig, John Malczyk, Gwen Laird, Terry Heatlie, Jeff Gauvin, Rich Stone, Ann Krause, Nancy Morehead, Tom Johengen, Tom Bridgeman, Ying Hong, Dan Ruberg, Alyson Flood, Warren Faust, Greg Lang, Lisa Strong, Tyrone Patton, Brian Wharram and Cathy Darnell. NR 47 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 6 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2010 VL 36 SU 3 SI SI BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.03.010 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 647XS UT WOS:000281654700005 ER PT J AU Vanderploeg, HA Liebig, JR Nalepa, TF Fahnenstiel, GL Pothoven, SA AF Vanderploeg, Henry A. Liebig, James R. Nalepa, Thomas F. Fahnenstiel, Gary L. Pothoven, Steven A. TI Dreissena and the disappearance of the spring phytoplankton bloom in Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Quagga mussel; Zebra mussel; Nearshore phosphorus shunt; Mid-depth phosphorus sink ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ZEBRA MUSSEL; SAGINAW BAY; POLYMORPHA; DYNAMICS; HURON; CHLOROPHYLL; LIMITATION; VELOCITY; BUGENSIS AB We determined the clearance rates of the profunda morph of the quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis) using seston and Cryptomonas ozolini, a high-quality algal food, for the temperature range 1-7 degrees C, which is the full temperature range this morph is likely to experience during isothermal conditions or in the hypolimnion of deep lakes. Experiments at 3 degrees C with the shallow-water morph of the quagga and the zebra mussel provided very similar results. The clearance rates were combined with dreissenid abundance in 0-30 m, 30-50 m, 50-90 m, and >90 m depth zones of the southern basin of Lake Michigan to calculate a maximum (using Cryptomonas) and minimum (using seston) fraction of the water column cleared (FC) per day in the different depth zones at 3 degrees C to determine dreissenid impact on the spring phytoplankton bloom from 1994 to 2008. Starting in 2003 or 2004 with the replacement of zebra mussels by quagga mussels in shallow water and expansion of quagga mussel biomass in deep water, FC began to exceed likely phytoplankton growth in the 30-50 m zone. In 2007-2008, FC greatly exceeded likely phytoplankton growth by a factor of about 5 in the 30- to 50-m depth zone, where dreissenids were extremely abundant. Low FC in the offshore region led to the hypothesis of a mid-depth carbon (C) and phosphorous (P) sink caused by mussel uptake of seston-associated C and P that affected not only the mid-depth region, but also the offshore region "downstream" of the mid-depth zone. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vanderploeg, Henry A.; Liebig, James R.; Nalepa, Thomas F.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Fahnenstiel, Gary L.; Pothoven, Steven A.] Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. RP Vanderploeg, HA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM henry.vanderploeg@noaa.gov; jim.liebig@noaa.gov; tom.nalepa@noaa.gov; gary.fahnenstiel@noaa.gov; steve.pothoven@noaa.gov OI Liebig, James/0000-0002-0433-9066; Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 NR 35 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 7 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2010 VL 36 SU 3 SI SI BP 50 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.04.005 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 647XS UT WOS:000281654700006 ER PT J AU Lin, JT Wuebbles, DJ Huang, HC Tao, ZN Caughey, M Liang, XZ Zhu, JH Holloway, T AF Lin, Jin-Tai Wuebbles, Donald J. Huang, Ho-Chun Tao, Zhining Caughey, Michael Liang, Xin-Zhong Zhu, Jin-Hong Holloway, Tracey TI Potential effects of climate and emissions changes on surface ozone in the Chicago area SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Climate; Emissions; Change; Ozone; Chicago ID REGIONAL CLIMATE; UNITED-STATES; PART I; MODEL; SIMULATION; ENVIRONMENTS; SENSITIVITY; URBAN AB Future changes in climate and precursor emissions will likely have important consequences on ground-level ozone concentrations for the City of Chicago and its surrounding suburban/rural areas. Here we use a regional climate-air quality modeling system to evaluate the combined and individual effects of climate warming (and resulting biogenic emissions increases) and anthropogenic emissions perturbations from 1996-2000 to 2048-2052 and 2095-2099 in this region. Two scenarios are considered, including A1FI (higher warming with increasing anthropogenic emissions) and B1 (less warming with reduced anthropogenic emissions). Relative to 1996-2000, projected changes in climate and anthropogenic emissions together lead to little ozone change for the City of Chicago under A1FI but 5.0-7.8 ppb increases under B1 by 2048-2052 and 2095-2099. For A1FI, the decreasing ratio of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to nitrogen oxides (NOx) reduces ozone concentrations over Chicago, despite the increasing emissions for both NOx and VOCs. Averaged over the Chicago urban and surrounding suburban area, however, surface ozone increase 2.3-7.1 ppb under A1FI by 2095-2099. Additionally, the seasonal ozone variation is projected to increase 84-127% under A1FI but decrease 23-30% under B1 over the Chicago area. By comparison, projected climate warming alone increases the surface ozone by 2.1-8.7 ppb and its seasonal variation by 22-89% over the Chicago area from 1996-2000 to 2095-2099 under both scenarios. Therefore, effective emission regulation and climate considerations are both important to pollution mitigation in the Chicago area. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lin, Jin-Tai; Wuebbles, Donald J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lin, Jin-Tai] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cruft Lab 211A, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Huang, Ho-Chun] NOAA, Sci Applicat Int Corp, NOAA NWS NCEP EMC W NP2, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Tao, Zhining; Caughey, Michael; Liang, Xin-Zhong; Zhu, Jin-Hong] Univ Illinois, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Holloway, Tracey] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Sustainabil & Global Environm SAGE, Madison, WI USA. RP Wuebbles, DJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jlin5@seas.harvard.edu; wuebbles@illinois.edu; ho-chun.huang@noaa.gov; ztao@uiuc.edu; mcaughey@uiuc.edu; xliang@uiuc.edu; zjh@uiuc.edu; taholloway@wisc.edu RI Lin, Jintai/A-8872-2012; Tao, Zhining/E-1432-2012 OI Lin, Jintai/0000-0002-2362-2940; Tao, Zhining/0000-0003-0608-712X FU US Environmental Protection Agency [RD-83337301-0]; National Computational Science Alliance [ATM040000N] FX This study is supported in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency Award RD-83337301-0 and the National Computational Science Alliance under ATM040000N that utilizes the IBM pSeries 690 and Xeon Linux Cluster. The authors acknowledge NOAA/FSL for supercomputing support. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsoring agencies or the University of Illinois. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2010 VL 36 SU 2 SI SI BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2009.09.004 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 671CE UT WOS:000283476600006 ER PT J AU Pothoven, SA Fahnenstiel, GL Vanderploeg, HA AF Pothoven, Steven A. Fahnenstiel, Gary L. Vanderploeg, Henry A. TI Temporal trends in Mysis relicta abundance, production, and life-history characteristics in southeastern Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mysis relicta; Lake Michigan; Planktivory; Primary production; Food web ID ENVIRONMENT CONCEPTION BAY; OPOSSUM SHRIMP; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SECONDARY PRODUCTION; MIXTA MYSIDACEA; FISH COMMUNITY; ONTARIO; DIET; ALEWIVES; PATTERNS AB The density and life history characteristics of Mysis relicta were evaluated at a 110-m and 45-m station in southeast Lake Michigan during spring, summer, and fall for two time periods, 1995-2002 and 2007-2008. Mysis were more abundant during 1995-2002 than 2007-2008 for all seasons and depths, with average declines across seasons of 81% at 45 m and 70% at 110 m. Offshore densities of Mysis in 2007-2008 were similar to published densities within the same region during 1985-1989, but under differing ecosystem conditions (e.g. higher fish biomass and primary production in the 1980s). Growth averaged 0.032 +/- 0.002 mm/day in both 1995-2002 and 2007-2008, and the proportion of females with broods (overall 7%) did not differ between time periods. Mean brood size adjusted for length did not differ between 1995-2002 (17 +/- 0.6) and 2007-2008 (15 +/- 1.3). The mean length of reproductive females was higher in 2007-2008 (17 +/- 0.2) than during 1995-2002 (16 +/- 0.1). New recruits (<= 4 mm) were collected during each season for each time period, but were lower in abundance in 2007-2008 than in 1995-2002. During spring, there was a significant relationship between offshore water column chlorophyll concentration and Mysis recruit abundance, but not during summer/fall. Declining spring chlorophyll levels may be altering food availability for small mysids in spring, and the decline of the benthic macroinvertebrate Diporeia may be increasing fish predation pressure on Mysis despite declining planktivore abundance. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pothoven, Steven A.; Fahnenstiel, Gary L.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Vanderploeg, Henry A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Pothoven, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM steve.pothoven@noaa.gov; gary.fahnenstiel@noaa.gov; henry.vanderploeg@noaa.gov OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 NR 41 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2010 VL 36 SU 3 SI SI BP 60 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.03.008 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 647XS UT WOS:000281654700007 ER PT J AU Cavaletto, JF Vanderploeg, HA Pichlova-Ptacnikova, R Pothoven, SA Liebig, JR Fahnenstiel, GL AF Cavaletto, Joann F. Vanderploeg, Henry A. Pichlova-Ptacnikova, Radka Pothoven, Steven A. Liebig, James R. Fahnenstiel, Gary L. TI Temporal and spatial separation allow coexistence of predatory cladocerans: Leptodora kindtii, Bythotrephes longimanus and Cercopagis pengoi, in southeastern Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Predatory cladoceran; Leptodora kindtii; Bythotrephes longimanus; Cercopagis pengoi; Lake Michigan; Zooplankton ID NON-INDIGENOUS CERCOPAGIS; RIGA BALTIC SEA; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; SPECIES INVASION; OFFSHORE WATERS; GREAT-LAKES; FOOD-WEB; CEDERSTROEMI; ONTARIO; DYNAMICS AB The predatory cladocerans. Leptodora kindtii, Bythotrephes longimanus, and Cercopagis pen got coexist in the waters of southeastern Lake Michigan near Muskegon, Michigan. Leptodora is indigenous, whereas Bythotrephes and Cercopagis are nonindigenous and became established in 1986 and 2000, respectively. To observe seasonal changes in their abundances, and relationships to each other, cladocerans were collected from 1994 to 2008 at an offshore (110-m) site, from 1998 to 2008 at a transitional (45-m) site and from 1999 to 2008 at a nearshore (15-m) site. Bythotrephes was most abundant at the offshore site compared to Leptodora and Cercopagis. Bythotrephes peak abundances usually occurred in autumn at all sites. Cercopagis tended to be more abundant at the nearshore site, and peak densities occurred in summer. At the mid-depth site, similar abundances occurred for all three predatory cladocerans, however, the date of peak abundance was usually earliest for Cercopagis, followed by Leptodora, and latest for Bythotrephes. In recent years, 2007 and 2008, densities of all three predatory cladocerans have increased. Temperature preference, fish predation, and competition between the invertebrate predators may all be important in allowing the dominance of one species over the other seasonally or spatially. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cavaletto, Joann F.; Vanderploeg, Henry A.; Liebig, James R.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Pichlova-Ptacnikova, Radka] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, ICBM, DE-26382 Oldenburg, Germany. [Pothoven, Steven A.; Fahnenstiel, Gary L.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. RP Cavaletto, JF (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM joann.cavaletto@noaa.gov; henry.vanderploeg@noaa.gov; radka.ptacnikova@uni-oldenburg.de; steve.pothoven@noaa.gov; jim.liebig@noaa.gov; gary.fahnenstiel@noaa.gov OI Liebig, James/0000-0002-0433-9066; Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 FU Great Lakes Commission; NOAA FX For excellent assistance in laboratory and field we would like to thank K. Rice, L Stara, A. Belinky, Q. Thai, S. Bickel, D. Frankowski, A. Flood, D. Ruberg, and the crews of the R/V Shenehon and R/V Laurentian. We thank the Great Lakes Commission and the NOAA Coastal Ocean Program Episodic Events Great Lakes Experiment for support of this research. This is GLERL contribution #1556. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2010 VL 36 SU 3 SI SI BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.04.006 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 647XS UT WOS:000281654700008 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Pothoven, SA Schneeberger, PJ Ebener, MP Mohr, LC Nalepa, TF Bence, JR AF Madenjian, Charles P. Pothoven, Steven A. Schneeberger, Philip J. Ebener, Mark P. Mohr, Lloyd C. Nalepa, Thomas F. Bence, James R. TI Dreissenid mussels are not a "dead end" in Great Lakes food webs SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bioenergetics modeling; Dreissenid mussels; Invasive species; Lake whitefish; Population modeling; Predation ID ZEBRA MUSSELS; MICHIGAN; ERIE; WHITEFISH; PREDATION; COMMUNITY; INVASION; BUGENSIS; HURON; MODEL AB Dreissenid mussels have been regarded as a "dead end" in Great Lakes food webs because the degree of predation on dreissenid mussels, on a lakewide basis, is believed to be low. Waterfowl predation on dreissenid mussels in the Great Lakes has primarily been confined to bays, and therefore its effects on the dreissenid mussel population have been localized rather than operating on a lakewide level. Based on results from a previous study, annual consumption of dreissenid mussels by the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) population in central Lake Erie averaged only 6 kilotonnes (kt; 1 kt = one thousand metric tons) during 1995-2002. In contrast, our coupling of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) population models with a lake whitefish bioenergetics model revealed that lake whitefish populations in Lakes Michigan and Huron consumed 109 and 820 kt, respectively, of dreissenid mussels each year. Our results indicated that lake whitefish can be an important predator on dreissenid mussels in the Great Lakes, and that dreissenid mussels do not represent a "dead end" in Great Lakes food webs. The Lake Michigan dreissenid mussel population has been estimated to be growing more than three times faster than the Lake Huron dreissenid mussel population during the 2000s. One plausible explanation for the higher population growth rate in Lake Michigan would be the substantially higher predation rate by lake whitefish on dreissenid mussels in Lake Huron. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Pothoven, Steven A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Schneeberger, Philip J.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Marquette Fisheries Res Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. [Ebener, Mark P.] Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, Intertribal Fisheries & Assessment Program, Sault Ste Marie, MI 49783 USA. [Mohr, Lloyd C.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Upper Lakes Management Unit, Owen Sound, ON N4K 2Z1, Canada. [Nalepa, Thomas F.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Bence, James R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov; steve.pothoven@noaa.gov; schneebp@michigan.gov; mebener@lighthouse.net; lloyd.mohr@mnr.gov.on.ca; thomas.nalepa@noaa.gov; bence@msu.edu RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017; OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X; Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust FX We thank S. Lozano, J. Savino, and graduate students and faculty at Michigan State University (All Things Wet group) for reviewing the manuscript and providing helpful comments for its improvement. We also thank C. Geddes for computing the surface area in each of the lake whitefish management units and the total surface areas for Lakes Michigan and Huron. This study was funded, in part, by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust. This article is Contribution 1539 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center and contribution 1523 of the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2010 VL 36 SU 1 SI SI BP 73 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2009.09.001 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 605ZU UT WOS:000278390300010 ER PT J AU Yurista, PM Vanderploeg, HA Liebig, JR Cavaletto, JF AF Yurista, P. M. Vanderploeg, H. A. Liebig, J. R. Cavaletto, J. F. TI Lake Michigan Bythotrephes prey consumption estimates for 1994-2003 using a temperature and size corrected bioenergetic model SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Zooplankton; Bythotrephes; Predation; Lake Michigan ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; HARP LAKE; PREDATORY CLADOCERANS; DAPHNIA-MIDDENDORFFIANA; INVERTEBRATE PREDATOR; CEDERSTROEMI; ZOOPLANKTON; LONGIMANUS; ABUNDANCE; INVASION AB Bythotrephes were collected on a regular basis at a 110 m deep reference station in Lake Michigan over a 10-year period 1994-2003. The measured population structure in conjunction with an updated bioenergetic model was used to estimate daily predation demands by Bythotrephes on the zooplankton community. The bioenergetic model incorporated the effect of temperature on growth and respiration and used a scalable size structure to adjust for a dynamic range in size across the season. A general linear model was developed to apply the bioenergetic results to routinely collected field data for estimating predation needs. Daily population consumption needs were estimated to be approximately equal to Bythotrephes standing biomass but varied as a function of water temperature and percent instar composition. At a temperature of 18 degrees C the predation needs of the population were equal to the population biomass. At warmer temperatures (22-24 degrees C) the daily needs were up to 35% above the population biomass. Within and across years the population was variable, while trend lines from the long-term data indicated biomass and predation needs had an initial peak in mid-August followed by a plateau period with a seasonal high peak mid-October. A decrease in the midseason long-term average size structure suggests that Bythotrephes may experience prey limitation during this time period of the year. Over the course of the 10-year period population cycles and peak biomass were fairly stable with no indication of a change in predation needs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Yurista, P. M.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Vanderploeg, H. A.; Liebig, J. R.; Cavaletto, J. F.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Yurista, PM (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM yurista.peder@epa.gov; henry.vanderploeg@noaa.gov; jim.liebig@noaa.gov; joann.cavaletto@noaa.gov OI Liebig, James/0000-0002-0433-9066 FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; Great Lakes Fishery Commission; NOAA Center FX We would like to thank David Miller, Steve Pothoven and MaryAnn Starus for comments on a draft version of this manuscript. We thank Tom Johengen, Gary Fahnenstiel, and Steve Pothoven for helping with zooplankton collections. We would also like to thank Kim Schulz for helpful discussions. The information in this document has been funded in part by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency to P. Yurista and by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and the NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Research Program "Episodic Events Great Lakes Experiment" grants to H. Vanderploeg. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is GLERL Publication No. 1555. NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2010 VL 36 SU 3 SI SI BP 74 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.03.007 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 647XS UT WOS:000281654700009 ER PT J AU Morin, PA Martien, KK Archer, FI Cipriano, F Steel, D Jackson, J Taylor, BL AF Morin, Phillip A. Martien, Karen K. Archer, Frederick I. Cipriano, Frank Steel, Debbie Jackson, Jennifer Taylor, Barbara L. TI Applied Conservation Genetics and the Need for Quality Control and Reporting of Genetic Data Used in Fisheries and Wildlife Management SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE conservation; genetics; quality control ID MICROSATELLITE GENOTYPING ERRORS; MITOCHONDRIAL PSEUDOGENES; EVOLUTIONARY DISTINCTION; POPULATION-GENETICS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; ALLELIC DROPOUT; NUCLEAR GENOME; CONTROL REGION; DNA; SAMPLES AB Genetic data are often critical for defining populations for management purposes (e.g., identifying geographic boundaries or diagnostic characters for genetically discrete subunits) but can be called into question by both scientific and legal review. This can result in reversed or delayed implementation of management actions. We discuss methods for data quality control and quality analysis and describe examples of steps applied to 2 of the most common types of genetic data, mitochondrial DNA sequences, and microsatellite genotypes. These steps can serve both as guides to conservation geneticists and as an initial protocol for managers to determine whether genetic data will hold up against legal and scientific challenges. In addition, we suggest types of data and quality measures that should be reported as supplementary materials to published reports. These supplementary data serve to reduce the occurrence of legal and conservation controversies and improve reproducibility over time in population genetics studies where genetic monitoring is likely to play an increasing role. C1 [Morin, Phillip A.; Martien, Karen K.; Archer, Frederick I.; Taylor, Barbara L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Cipriano, Frank] San Francisco State Univ, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Steel, Debbie; Jackson, Jennifer] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Morin, PA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM phillip.morin@noaa.gov RI Jackson, Jennifer/E-7997-2013 FU NOAA Fisheries FX NOAA Fisheries and by their respective institutions. NR 51 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 6 U2 34 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 101 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1093/jhered/esp107 PG 10 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 531SE UT WOS:000272687700001 PM 19959596 ER PT J AU Ford, MJ Williamson, KS AF Ford, Michael J. Williamson, Kevin S. TI The Aunt and Uncle Effect Revisited-The Effect of Biased Parentage Assignment on Fitness Estimation in a Supplemented Salmon Population SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE fitness; hatchery; parentage; propagation; reproductive success; salmon ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; WILD STEELHEAD TROUT; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; LARGE-SCALE; HATCHERY; MARKERS AB We investigated differences in the statistical power to assign parentage between an artificially propagated and wild salmon population. The propagated fish were derived from the wild population and are used to supplement its abundance. Levels of genetic variation were similar between the propagated and wild groups at 11 microsatellite loci, and exclusion probabilities were > 0.999999 for both groups. The ability to unambiguously identify a pair of parents for each sampled progeny was much lower than expected, however. Simulations demonstrated that the proportion of cases in which the most likely pair of parents were the true parents was lower for propagated parents than for wild parents. There was a clear relationship between parentage assignment ability and the estimated effective number of grandparents of the progeny to be assigned. If a stringent threshold for parentage assignment was used, estimates of relative fitness were biased downward for the propagated fish. The bias appeared to be largely eliminated by either fractionally assigning progeny among parents in proportion to their likelihood of parentage or by assigning progeny to the most likely set of parents without using a statistical threshold. C1 [Ford, Michael J.; Williamson, Kevin S.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Ford, MJ (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM mike.ford@noaa.gov RI Ford, Michael/K-3147-2012 FU Bonneville Power Administration [2003-039-00] FX Bonneville Power Administration (2003-039-00 to M. J. F.). NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 101 IS 1 BP 33 EP 41 DI 10.1093/jhered/esp068 PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 531SE UT WOS:000272687700005 PM 19666994 ER PT J AU Yapa, P AF Yapa, Poojitha TI How does oil and gas behave when released in deepwater SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BLOWOUTS; MODEL C1 [Yapa, Poojitha] Clarkson Univ, Potsdam, NY 13676 USA. [Yapa, Poojitha] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Yapa, P (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Potsdam, NY 13676 USA. EM pdy@clarkson.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1686 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PY 2010 VL 48 IS 3 SU 3 BP 36 EP 37 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 684OE UT WOS:000284558400002 ER PT J AU Kort, EA Andrews, AE Dlugokencky, E Sweeney, C Hirsch, A Eluszkiewicz, J Nehrkorn, T Michalak, A Stephens, B Gerbig, C Miller, JB Kaplan, J Houweling, S Daube, BC Tans, P Wofsy, SC AF Kort, Eric A. Andrews, Arlyn E. Dlugokencky, Ed Sweeney, Colm Hirsch, Adam Eluszkiewicz, Janusz Nehrkorn, Thomas Michalak, Anna Stephens, Britton Gerbig, Christoph Miller, John B. Kaplan, Jed Houweling, Sander Daube, Bruce C. Tans, Pieter Wofsy, Steven C. TI Atmospheric constraints on 2004 emissions of methane and nitrous oxide in North America from atmospheric measurements and a receptor-oriented modeling framework SO JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE methane; nitrous oxide; greenhouse gas AB Methane and nitrous oxide are potent greenhouse gases whose atmospheric abundances have increased significantly in the past 200 years, together accounting for approximately half of the radiative forcing associated with increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide. In order to understand the factors causing increase of these gases globally, we need to determine their emission rates at regional to continental scales. We directly link atmospheric observations with surface emissions using a Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model, and then determine emission rates by optimizing prior emissions estimates. We use measurements from NOAA's tall tower and aircraft program in 2004, The Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport model (STILT) driven by meteorological fields from a customized version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, and EDGAR32FT2000 and Global Emissions Inventory Activity (GEIA) as prior emission estimates. In the US and Canada, methane emission rates are found to be consistent with observations, while nitrous oxide emissions are significantly low, by a factor 2.5-3 in the peak emissions time period found to be February through May. C1 [Kort, Eric A.; Daube, Bruce C.; Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kort, Eric A.; Daube, Bruce C.; Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Andrews, Arlyn E.; Dlugokencky, Ed; Sweeney, Colm; Hirsch, Adam; Miller, John B.; Tans, Pieter] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Eluszkiewicz, Janusz; Nehrkorn, Thomas] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Michalak, Anna] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Michalak, Anna] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Stephens, Britton] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Gerbig, Christoph] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. [Kaplan, Jed] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Houweling, Sander] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Houweling, Sander] Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Kort, EA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kort@fas.harvard.edu RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Gerbig, Christoph/L-3532-2013; Stephens, Britton/B-7962-2008; OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Gerbig, Christoph/0000-0002-1112-8603; Stephens, Britton/0000-0002-1966-6182; Nehrkorn, Thomas/0000-0003-0637-3468; Kaplan, Jed/0000-0001-9919-7613 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1943-815X EI 1943-8168 J9 J INTEGR ENVIRON SCI JI J. Integr. Environ. Sci. PY 2010 VL 7 SU 1 SI SI BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1080/19438151003767483 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V24VE UT WOS:000208437100014 ER PT J AU Franco, V Conde, A Provenzano, V Shull, RD AF Franco, V. Conde, A. Provenzano, V. Shull, R. D. TI Scaling analysis of the magnetocaloric effect in Gd5Si2Ge1.9X0.1 (X=Al, Cu, Ga, Mn, Fe, Co) SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Critical exponents; Magnetocaloric effect; Scaling laws ID FIELD-DEPENDENCE; CURIE POINT; TEMPERATURE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; GADOLINIUM; EQUATION; NICKEL; STATE; GD AB The field dependence of the magnetic entropy change has been studied for a series of doped Gd5Si2Ge2 alloys, which possess a magnetic phase transition that is either entirely second order or a combination of primarily second-order mixed to a very minor degree with a first-order transition arising from a magneto-structural phase change. By analyzing the field scaling of the refrigerant capacity as well as of the reference temperatures used for constructing a universal scaling curve, a procedure for estimating the values of the critical exponents for the alloys was developed. For the cases where the transition is entirely second order, the results obtained from this procedure are comparable to the values obtained from the Kouvel-Fisher method. For the case of Fe-doped alloys which partially possess a first-order phase change, the Kouvel-Fisher method is in applicable. However, their critical exponents determined by our developed procedure can be used to estimate the Curie temperature of the orthorhombic majority phase. (C) 2009 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Franco, V.; Conde, A.] Univ Seville, CSIC, ICMSE, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, E-41080 Seville, Spain. [Provenzano, V.; Shull, R. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Franco, V (reprint author), Univ Seville, CSIC, ICMSE, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, POB 1065, E-41080 Seville, Spain. EM vfranco@us.es RI Franco, Victorino/B-8982-2008; Conde, Alejandro/A-8115-2013; Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013 OI Franco, Victorino/0000-0003-3028-6815; Conde, Alejandro/0000-0002-1067-2754; NR 24 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 EI 1873-4766 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 322 IS 2 BP 218 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2009.08.039 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 510OQ UT WOS:000271099800007 ER PT J AU Song, LY Feng, D Campbell, CG Gu, D Forster, AM Yager, KG Fredin, N Lee, HJ Jones, RL Zhao, DY Vogt, BD AF Song, Lingyan Feng, Dan Campbell, Casey G. Gu, Dong Forster, Aaron M. Yager, Kevin G. Fredin, Nathaniel Lee, Hae-Jeong Jones, Ronald L. Zhao, Dongyuan Vogt, Bryan D. TI Robust conductive mesoporous carbon-silica composite films with highly ordered and oriented orthorhombic structures from triblock-copolymer template co-assembly SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; ELLIPSOMETRIC POROSIMETRY; POLYMER; NANOCOMPOSITES; SIMULATION; ELECTRODES; FRAMEWORKS; STABILITY; ROUTE; RESIN AB In this work, we describe a facile approach to improve the robustness of conductive mesoporous carbon-based thin films by the addition of silica to the matrix through the triconstituent organic inorganic-organic co-assembly of resol (carbon precursor) and tetraethylorthosilicate (silica precursor) with triblock-copolymer Pluronic F127. The pyrolysis of the resol-silica-pluronic F127 film yields a porous composite thin film with well-defined mesostructure. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), and electron microscopy measurements indicate that the obtained carbon-based thin films have a highly ordered orthorhombic mesostructure (Fmmm) with uniform large pore size (similar to 3 nm). The orthorhombic mesostructure is oriented and the (010) plane is parallel to the silicon wafer substrate. The addition of silica to the matrix impacts the pore size, surface area, porosity, modulus and conductivity. For composite films with approximately 40 wt% silica, the conductivity is decreased by approximately an order of magnitude in comparison to a pure carbon mesoporous film, but the conductivity is comparable to typical printed carbon inks used in electrochemical sensing, similar to 10 S cm(-1). The mechanical properties of these mesoporous silica-carbon hybrid films are similar to the pure carbon analogs with a Young's modulus between 10 GPa and 15 GPa, but the material is significantly more porous. Moreover, the addition of silica to the matrix appears to improve the adhesion of the mesoporous film to a silicon wafer. These mesoporous silica-carbon composite films have appropriate characteristics for use in sensing applications. C1 [Feng, Dan; Gu, Dong; Zhao, Dongyuan] Fudan Univ, Dept Chem, Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysis & Innovat Mat, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Feng, Dan; Gu, Dong; Zhao, Dongyuan] Fudan Univ, Adv Mat Lab, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Song, Lingyan; Campbell, Casey G.; Vogt, Bryan D.] Arizona State Univ, Flexible Display Ctr, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Yager, Kevin G.; Fredin, Nathaniel; Lee, Hae-Jeong; Jones, Ronald L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Forster, Aaron M.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhao, DY (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Chem, Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysis & Innovat Mat, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM dyzhao@fudan.edu.cn; bryan.vogt@asu.edu RI Fredin, Nathaniel/B-2890-2010; Gu, Dong/D-1940-2009; Zhao, Dongyuan/E-5796-2010; Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011 OI Gu, Dong/0000-0003-4600-4499; Zhao, Dongyuan/0000-0002-1642-2510; Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0746664, 20821140450]; Center for Solid State Science; NSERC Canada; NIST-NRC; NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work is partially supported by the National Science Foundation under grant no. CBET-0746664 and NSF of China (20821140450). Facilities supported by the Center for Solid State Science were used for the characterization of materials described herein. K.G.Y. acknowledges the support of NSERC Canada in the form of a Postdoctoral Fellowship. N.F. is supported by a NIST-NRC postdoctoral fellowship program. This work was funded in part by the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors acknowledge B. O'Brien at the Flexible Display Center (ASU), Z. Liu, Q. Zhang (ASU), D. R. Allee (ASU), J. Strzalka (ANL-APS), Y. Gerbig (NIST), F. Schueth at Max-PlanckInstitut fur Kohlenforschung and K. Kuroda at Waseda Univ. for assistance with measurements. Additionally, the authors thank M. Tate and H. Hillhouse for providing the NANOCELL code (http://www.ecn.purdue.edu/similar to hugh). NR 45 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 65 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1691 EP 1701 DI 10.1039/b919400b PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 556HL UT WOS:000274581000010 ER PT J AU Morelos-Gomez, A Lopez-Urias, F Munoz-Sandoval, E Dennis, CL Shull, RD Terrones, H Terrones, M AF Morelos-Gomez, Aaron Lopez-Urias, Florentino Munoz-Sandoval, Emilio Dennis, Cindi L. Shull, Robert D. Terrones, Humberto Terrones, Mauricio TI Controlling high coercivities of ferromagnetic nanowires encapsulated in carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; FE NANOWIRES; ARRAYS; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES; FABRICATION; DEPOSITION; ANISOTROPY; PYROLYSIS; DIAMETER AB Cylindrical ferromagnetic nanowires encapsulated inside multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are synthesized by pyrolyzing either ferrocene powder or ferrocene-toluene mixtures. By changing the way the precursor is thermolyzed, we have been able to control the composition of the ferromagnetic byproducts. In particular, we noted the coexistence of alpha-Fe and Fe3C phases when only powder ferrocene is theromolyzed in an inert atmosphere. However, when toluene-ferrocene solutions are sprayed and thermolyzed, only Fe3C nanocrystals are produced. Magnetic measurements of the aligned nanotubes containing these cylindrical nanowires revealed large coercive fields as high as 0.22 T at 2 K. Interestingly, these magnetic coercivities strongly depend on the Fe particles' diameter, and are not affected by the length of the particles, which was also confirmed using micromagnetic simulations. Our experimental and theoretical results indicate that short and well aligned carbon nanotubes containing narrow ferromagnetic nanowires (i.e. 5 nm diameter and 25 nm long) would be suitable for producing prototypes of magnetic recording devices. C1 [Terrones, Mauricio] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Polytech Sch, Dept Mat Sci & Engn & Chem Engn, Madrid 28911, Spain. [Morelos-Gomez, Aaron; Lopez-Urias, Florentino; Munoz-Sandoval, Emilio; Dennis, Cindi L.; Shull, Robert D.] IPICYT, Adv Mat Dept, San Luis Potosi Slp 78216, Mexico. [Morelos-Gomez, Aaron] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Terrones, Humberto] Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Condensed Matter & Nanosci IMCN, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. RP Terrones, M (reprint author), Univ Carlos III Madrid, Polytech Sch, Dept Mat Sci & Engn & Chem Engn, Ave Univ 30, Madrid 28911, Spain. EM mtterrones@gmail.com RI Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013; Terrones, Mauricio/B-3829-2014; Munoz-Sandoval, Emilio/N-1059-2014 OI Munoz-Sandoval, Emilio/0000-0002-6095-4119 NR 41 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 28 BP 5906 EP 5914 DI 10.1039/c0jm00660b PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 621HF UT WOS:000279565900019 ER PT J AU Wu, H Zhou, W Pinkerton, FE Meyer, MS Srinivas, G Yildirim, T Udovic, TJ Rush, JJ AF Wu, Hui Zhou, Wei Pinkerton, Frederick E. Meyer, Martin S. Srinivas, Gadipelli Yildirim, Taner Udovic, Terrence J. Rush, John J. TI A new family of metal borohydride ammonia borane complexes: Synthesis, structures, and hydrogen storage properties SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID N-H COMPOUNDS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; DEHYDROGENATION; AMIDOBORANES; DIFFRACTION; CATALYSIS; DYNAMICS; NEUTRON; LITHIUM AB We report the first two examples of borohydride ammonia borane complexes: Li(2)(BH(4))(2)NH(3)BH(3) and Ca(BH(4))(2)(NH(3)BH(3))(2). Their structures are successfully determined using a combination of X-ray diffraction and first-principles calculations. Both structures are composed of alternating layers of borohydride and ammonia borane. Examination of bond lengths indicates that this arrangement is stabilized via dihydrogen bonding between ammonia borane and their surrounding BH(4)(-), and the interactions between ammonia borane ligands and cations. Our experimental results show that more than 10 wt% and 11 wt% hydrogen can be released from Li(2)(BH(4))(2)NH(3)BH(3) and Ca(BH4)(2)(NH(3)BH(3))(2), respectively. Negligible ammonia was detected compared to ammonia borane and its ammidoborane derivatives. Further improvements are needed to reduce borazine emission. Cycling studies show that decomposed Li(2)(BH(4))(2)NH(3)BH(3) and Ca(BH(4))(2)(NH(3)BH(3))(2) can be partially hydrogenated under hydrogen pressures at high temperatures. C1 [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei; Srinivas, Gadipelli; Yildirim, Taner; Udovic, Terrence J.; Rush, John J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei; Rush, John J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pinkerton, Frederick E.; Meyer, Martin S.] Gen Motors Res & Dev Ctr, Chem Sci & Mat Syst Lab, Warren, MI 48090 USA. [Srinivas, Gadipelli; Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Wu, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM huiwu@nist.gov RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Gadipelli, Srinivas/A-8622-2010 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Gadipelli, Srinivas/0000-0002-1362-6905 FU DOE through BES [DE-FG02-08ER46522]; EERE [DE-AI-01-05EE11104] FX This work was partially supported by DOE through BES Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46522 (G.S. and T. Y.) and EERE Grant No. DE-AI-01-05EE11104 (T. J. U.). NR 31 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 35 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 31 BP 6550 EP 6556 DI 10.1039/c0jm01542c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 632CR UT WOS:000280398300026 ER PT J AU Wang, RG Crozier, PA Sharma, R AF Wang, Ruigang Crozier, Peter A. Sharma, Renu TI Nanoscale compositional and structural evolution in ceria zirconia during cyclic redox treatments SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CEO2-ZRO2 MIXED OXIDES; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; OXYGEN VACANCIES; 3-WAY CATALYSIS; BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE; NANOPARTICLES; REDUCTION; OXIDATION AB We report changes in nanoscale composition and structure in individual ceria zirconia nanoparticles (nominal composition Ce(0.7)Zr(0.3)O(2)), before and after redox treatment, determined by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) imaging. According to the chemical analysis of individual nanoparticles, the redox treatments promote the formation of more compositionally homogenous ceria zirconia solid solution nanoparticles, resulting in a uniform low-temperature reduction. Local pyrochlore-type cation ordering in individual nanoparticles was also observed after the high temperature reduction step. For nanoparticles with 70% ceria content, redox cycling treatment was critical to obtain material which exhibits a strong low temperature reducibility. The origin of significant X-ray diffraction line broadening and particle sintering mechanism in the solid solution nanopowders are discussed based on compositional and structural variation within and between individual nanoparticles and oxygen vacancies formed during high temperature reduction treatment. C1 [Wang, Ruigang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Crozier, Peter A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Mech Aerosp Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Sharma, Renu] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, RG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rgwang@lbl.gov RI Wang, Ruigang/C-2769-2011 FU National Science Foundation [NSF-CTS-0306688] FX The support from the National Science Foundation (NSF-CTS-0306688) and the use of TEM at the John M. Cowley Center for High Resolution Microscopy at Arizona State University are gratefully acknowledged. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 35 BP 7497 EP 7505 DI 10.1039/c0jm01194k PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 642NV UT WOS:000281223200028 ER PT J AU Ilyushin, VV Kisiel, Z Pszczolkowski, L Mader, H Hougen, JT AF Ilyushin, Vadim V. Kisiel, Zbigniew Pszczolkowski, Lech Maeder, Heinrich Hougen, Jon T. TI A new torsion-rotation fitting program for molecules with a sixfold barrier: Application to the microwave spectrum of toluene SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Toluene; Sixfold barrier; Internal rotation; Microwave spectrum ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER; INTERNAL-ROTATION; STATES; SPECTROSCOPY; METHANOL; ACETALDEHYDE; BAND AB A new program is described for fitting rotation-torsion energy levels in molecules like toluene, in which the frame (C(6)H(5)) has C(2v) symmetry and the methyl top has C(3v) symmetry, i.e., for molecules where the internal rotation barrier is expanded in cos6n alpha, where alpha is the internal rotation angle and n = 1,2,..., The program is based on the theoretical framework developed by Sorensen and Pedersen in their application of the Longuet-Higgins permutation-inversion group G(12) to the microwave spectrum of CH(3)NO(2). It is specifically designed for sixfold barrier molecules, and allows the user to select almost any symmetry-allowed torsion-rotation term for inclusion in the fitting Hamiltonian. This program leads to a very successful fit of transitions in the microwave spectrum of toluene characterized by J <= 30, K(a) <= 12, and by the free-rotor quantum number vertical bar m vertical bar <= 3. In these fits we included both published and rather extensive unpublished new measurements, for which fits using other torsion-rotation programs have not been very successful. The fit presented here uses 28 parameters to give an overall standard deviation of 7.4 kHz for 372 line frequencies, and results in a much improved value for the sixfold barrier for toluene, V(6) = 13.832068(3) cal mol(-1). (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ilyushin, Vadim V.] NASU, Inst Radio Astron, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Kisiel, Zbigniew; Pszczolkowski, Lech] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. [Maeder, Heinrich] Univ Kiel, Inst Chem Phys, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. [Hougen, Jon T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ilyushin, VV (reprint author), NASU, Inst Radio Astron, Chervonopraporna 4, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM ilyushin@rian.kharkov.ua RI Kisiel, Zbigniew/K-8798-2016; Pszczolkowski, Lech/S-3018-2016 OI Kisiel, Zbigniew/0000-0002-2570-3154; FU Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [N-N202-0541-33] FX Dr. Sergei Tashkun is gratefully acknowledged for fruitful discussions on the band matrix diagonalization problem and providing a copy of the SBR package. We also thank Dr. Isabelle Kleiner for numerous helpful discussions concerning procedures in her program BELGI. The Warsaw authors acknowledge financial support from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Grant No. N-N202-0541-33. NR 35 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 259 IS 1 BP 26 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2009.10.005 PG 13 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 548MM UT WOS:000273967300005 ER PT J AU Flaud, JM Lafferty, WJ Sams, R Devi, VM AF Flaud, J. -M. Lafferty, W. J. Sams, Robert Devi, V. Malathy TI High resolution analysis of the ethylene-1-C-13 spectrum in the 8.4-14.3-mu m region SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Infrared spectrum; Coriolis resonance; Mono C-13; Line assignment AB Fourier transform spectra of mono-C-13 ethylene have been recorded in the 8.4-14.3-mu m spectral region (700-1190 cm(-1)) using a Bruker 120 HR interferometer at a resolution of 0.0017 cm(-1) allowing the extensive study of the set of resonating states {10(1), 8(1), 7(1), 4(1), 6(1)). Due to the high resolution available as well as the extended spectral range involved in this study, a much larger set of line assignments are now available. The present analysis has lead to the determination of more accurate spectroscopic constants, including interaction constants, than were obtained in earlier studies. In particular, the following band centers were derived: v(0)(v(10))=825.40602(30)cm(-1), v(0)(v(8)) = 932.19572(15)cm(-1), v(0)(v(7)) = 937.44452(10) cm(-1), v(0)(v(4)) = 1025.6976(14) cm(-1). Finally a synthetic spectrum was generated leading to the assignment of a number of (CCH4)-C-13-C-12 lines observed in an earlier heterodyne spectroscopic study. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lafferty, W. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Flaud, J. -M.] Univ Paris Est, CNRS, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, UMR 7583, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Flaud, J. -M.] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, UMR 7583, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Sams, Robert] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Devi, V. Malathy] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Lafferty, WJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM walter.lafferty@nist.gov FU NASA; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX The portion of this work which was carried out in the Optical Technology Division at NIST was supported by the Upper Atmospheric Research Program of NASA. One of the authors (J.M.F.) thanks the Optical Technology Division for support during a stay at NIST. The experimental part was performed at the W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the United States Department of Energy by Battelle under contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 259 IS 1 BP 39 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2009.10.003 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 548MM UT WOS:000273967300006 ER PT J AU Potra, FA Simiu, E AF Potra, F. A. Simiu, E. TI Multihazard Design: Structural Optimization Approach SO JOURNAL OF OPTIMIZATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Structural optimization; Multihazard design; Interior-point method AB The objective of multihazard structural engineering is to develop methodologies for achieving designs that are safe and cost-effective under multiple hazards. Optimization is a natural tool for achieving such designs. In general, its aim is to determine a vector of design variables subjected to a given set of constraints, such that an objective function of those variables is minimized. In the particular case of structural design, the design variables may be member sizes; the constraints pertain to structural strength and serviceability (e.g., keeping the load-induced stresses and deflections below specified thresholds); and the objective function is the structure cost or weight. In a multihazard context, the design variables are subjected to the constraints imposed by all the hazards to which the structure is exposed. In this paper, we formulate the multihazard structural design problem in nonlinear programming terms and present a simple illustrative example involving four design variables and two hazards: earthquake and strong winds. Results of our numerical experiments show that interior-point methods are significantly more efficient than classical optimization methods in solving the nonlinear programming problem associated with our illustrative example. C1 [Potra, F. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Simiu, E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Potra, FA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8910, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fpotra@gmail.com NR 6 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-3239 J9 J OPTIMIZ THEORY APP JI J. Optim. Theory Appl. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 144 IS 1 BP 120 EP 136 DI 10.1007/s10957-009-9586-4 PG 17 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 536GX UT WOS:000273034000010 ER PT J AU Fuhr, JR Wiese, WL AF Fuhr, J. R. Wiese, W. L. TI Tables of Atomic Transition Probabilities for Beryllium and Boron SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE beryllium; boron; collections of physical data; ionisation; oscillator strengths; radiative lifetimes ID LITHIUM ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; MAGNETIC-QUADRUPOLE TRANSITIONS; HYDROGEN-LIKE ATOMS; PAULI ENERGY-LEVELS; ION STORAGE-RING; HELIUM-LIKE IONS; BE-LIKE IONS; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; DIPOLE TRANSITIONS; OPACITY CALCULATIONS AB We have carried out a comprehensive critical compilation of the atomic transition probabilities for the spectra of beryllium and boron. We tabulated these data for a total of about 1400 allowed and forbidden transitions and covered all stages of ionization. The hydrogenlike ions are included with relations scaled to the data for neutral hydrogen. The tables are arranged in multiplets, and these are ordered in increasing excitation energies. C1 [Fuhr, J. R.; Wiese, W. L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fuhr, JR (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.fuhr@nist.gov FU Fusion Energy Sciences at the U. S. Department of Energy FX This work was partially supported by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences at the U. S. Department of Energy. It is a pleasure to acknowledge valuable discussions with Charlotte Froese Fischer. NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PY 2010 VL 39 IS 1 AR 013101 DI 10.1063/1.3286088 PG 80 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 577GW UT WOS:000276211500001 ER PT J AU Zabransky, M Kolska, Z Ruzicka, V Domalski, ES AF Zabransky, Milan Kolska, Zdenka Ruzicka, Vlastimil, Jr. Domalski, Eugene S. TI Heat Capacity of Liquids: Critical Review and Recommended Values. Supplement II SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE bibliographies; collections of physical data; inorganic compounds; liquids; organic compounds; specific heat ID EXCESS MOLAR VOLUMES; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; ORGANIC OXYGEN COMPOUNDS; IDEAL-GAS ENTHALPIES; TETRAHYDROFURAN PLUS CYCLOHEXANE; BIOCHEMICAL MODEL COMPOUNDS; TEMPERATURE 298.15 K; PICKER FLOW CALORIMETER; TERT-BUTYL ALCOHOL; FREE-ENERGY DATA AB A study was carried out in which new experimental data on heat capacities of pure liquid organic and some inorganic compounds were compiled and critically evaluated and recommended values provided. The bulk of the compiled data covers data published in the primary literature between 2000 and 2006 and includes some data published in 2007. However, some data from older sources are also included. The list of compound families covered was extended to include ionic liquids. Parameters of correlating equations for the temperature dependence of heat capacities of liquids were developed. This paper is an update of a two volume monograph entitled Heat Capacity of Liquids: Critical Review and Recommended Values by Zaacutebranskyacute [J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 30, 1199 (2001)], which was published in 1996 in the Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data as Monograph No. 6, and of Supplement I. C1 [Zabransky, Milan; Ruzicka, Vlastimil, Jr.] Inst Chem Technol, Dept Phys Chem, CR-16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic. [Domalski, Eugene S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kolska, Zdenka] Univ JE Purkyne, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Usti Nad Labem 40096, Czech Republic. RP Zabransky, M (reprint author), Inst Chem Technol, Dept Phys Chem, CR-16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic. EM vlastimil.ruzicka@msmt.cz RI Ruzicka, Vlastimil/B-8905-2008; Kolska, Zdenka/B-1938-2009 FU Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic [MSM 6046137307]; Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic [IAA 400720710]; IUPAC [2004-010-3-100] FX This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic under Grant No. MSM 6046137307 and by the Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic under Grant No. IAA 400720710 and was carried out as IUPAC Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Division Project No. 2004-010-3-100. NR 915 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 8 U2 62 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 EI 1529-7845 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PY 2010 VL 39 IS 1 AR 013103 DI 10.1063/1.3182831 PG 404 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 577GW UT WOS:000276211500003 ER PT J AU Porcar, L Falus, P Chen, WR Faraone, A Fratini, E Hong, KL Baglioni, P Liu, Y AF Porcar, Lionel Falus, Peter Chen, Wei-Ren Faraone, Antonio Fratini, Emiliano Hong, Kunlun Baglioni, Piero Liu, Yun TI Formation of the Dynamic Clusters in Concentrated Lysozyme Protein Solutions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SELF-DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS; HIGH-FREQUENCY VISCOSITY; EQUILIBRIUM CLUSTERS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DISPERSIONS; SUSPENSIONS; PARTICLES; COLLOIDS; PHASE AB Neutron spin echo (NSE) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) were used to investigate the correlation between structure and short-time dynamics of lysozyme solutions in the presence of protein clusters as previously reported. It was found that, upon increasing protein concentration, the. self-diffusion coefficient at the short time limit becomes much smaller than that of the corresponding hard-sphere and charged colloidal suspensions at the same volume fraction. Contrary to literature conclusions, we find that, at relatively low concentrations, the system consists mostly of monomers or dimers; while, at high concentrations, large dynamic clusters dominate. Our results will benefit the understanding of colloidal systems with both a short-range attraction and an electrostatic repulsion that are ubiquitous in many biologically relevant systems. C1 [Faraone, Antonio; Liu, Yun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Porcar, Lionel; Falus, Peter] ILL, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, NSS Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Faraone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fratini, Emiliano; Baglioni, Piero] Univ Florence, Dept Chem & CSGI, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Hong, Kunlun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CNMS, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yunliu@nist.gov RI Fratini, Emiliano/C-9983-2010; Baglioni, Piero/B-1208-2011; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015 OI Fratini, Emiliano/0000-0001-7104-6530; Baglioni, Piero/0000-0003-1312-8700; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111 FU NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce [70NANB7H6178]; MIUR; CSGI FX This manuscript was prepared under cooperative agreement 70NANB7H6178 from NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce. E.F. and P.B. acknowledge financial support from MIUR and CSGI. NR 27 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 6 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 1 IS 1 BP 126 EP 129 DI 10.1021/jz900127c PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 586KD UT WOS:000276905600028 ER PT J AU Zheng, YX Shinoda, T Kiladis, GN Lin, JL Metzger, EJ Hurlburt, HE Giese, BS AF Zheng, Yangxing Shinoda, Toshiaki Kiladis, George N. Lin, Jialin Metzger, E. Joseph Hurlburt, Harley E. Giese, Benjamin S. TI Upper-Ocean Processes under the Stratus Cloud Deck in the Southeast Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION ANALYSIS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SEASONAL CYCLE; INDIAN-OCEAN; CIRCULATION; MODEL; COORDINATE; SENSITIVITY; DYNAMICS AB The annual mean heat budget of the upper ocean beneath the stratocumulus/stratus cloud deck in the southeast Pacific is estimated using Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) and an eddy-resolving Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Both are compared with estimates based on Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Improved Meteorological (IMET) buoy observations at 20 degrees S, 85 degrees W. Net surface heat fluxes are positive (warming) over most of the area under the stratus cloud deck. Upper-ocean processes responsible for balancing the surface heat flux are examined by estimating each term in the heat equation. In contrast to surface heat fluxes, geostrophic transport in the upper 50 m causes net cooling in most of the stratus cloud deck region. Ekman transport provides net warming north of the IMET site and net cooling south of the IMET site. Although the eddy heat flux divergence term can be comparable to other terms at a particular location, such as the IMET mooring site, it is negligible for the entire stratus region when area averaged because it is not spatially coherent in the open ocean. Although cold-core eddies are often generated near the coast in the eddy-resolving model, they do not significantly impact the heat budget in the open ocean in the southeast Pacific. C1 [Zheng, Yangxing; Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, ESRL, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shinoda, Toshiaki; Metzger, E. Joseph; Hurlburt, Harley E.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Lin, Jialin] Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Giese, Benjamin S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Zheng, YX (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, 325 Broadway,R-PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM yangxing.zheng@noaa.gov RI Zheng, Yangxing/B-7965-2013; Shinoda, Toshiaki/J-3745-2016 OI Zheng, Yangxing/0000-0003-2039-1494; Shinoda, Toshiaki/0000-0003-1416-2206 FU NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research [NA17RJ1223, NA17RJ1224, NA17RJ1225]; CNES; Computational and Information Systems Laboratory at NCAR; NSF [OCE-0453046, ATM-0745897, ATM-0745872, OCE-0351802]; office of Naval Research (ONR) [601153N]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA06OAR4310146] FX Data from the Stratus Ocean Reference Station were made available by Dr. Robert Weller of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; these data were collected with support from Pan American Climate Study and Climate Observation Programs of the Office of Global Programs, NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research Grants NA17RJ1223, NA17RJ1224, and NA17RJ1225. We are thankful for the altimeter products which were produced by SSALTO/DUACS and distributed by AVISO, with support from CNES (available online at http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/duacs/). This work was supported in part by a grant from the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory at NCAR. Yangxing Zheng is supported by NSF Grant OCE-0453046. Toshiaki Shinoda is supported by NSF Grants OCE-0453046 and ATM-0745897; in addition, Toshiaki Shinoda, E. Joseph Metzger, and Harley Hurlburt are supported by the 6.1 project Global Remote Littoral Forcing via Deep Water Pathways sponsored by the office of Naval Research (ONR) under Program Element 601153N. Jialin Lin is supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under the Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP) program and by NSF Grant ATM-0745872. Benjamin S. Giese is grateful for support from the NSF Grant OCE-0351802 and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Grant NA06OAR4310146. This work was supported in part by a grant from the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory at NCAR. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 40 IS 1 BP 103 EP 120 DI 10.1175/2009JPO4213.1 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 547OP UT WOS:000273899200006 ER PT J AU Johnson, GC McTaggart, KE AF Johnson, Gregory C. McTaggart, Kristene E. TI Equatorial Pacific 13 degrees C Water Eddies in the Eastern Subtropical South Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT; UNDERCURRENT; VARIABILITY; FLOATS; CHILE; EDDY; FLOW AB Argo float profile data are used to analyze warm, salty, weakly stratified, subthermocline eddies of tropical origin in the eastern subtropical South Pacific Ocean. These eddies contain anomalous signatures of the equatorial Pacific "13 degrees C Water'' that is carried poleward within the Peru-Chile Undercurrent (PCU) as it flows along the west coast of South America. From their source along the Chilean coast between similar to 29 degrees and 39 degrees S, the eddies spread westward and slightly northward, likely at least partly advected by the subtropical gyre. The eddy water properties contrast strongly with the colder, fresher, more strongly stratified waters of subantarctic origin being carried northward then westward by the gyre. Near the eddy source, about 6% of Argo profiles sample eddies that are above selected thresholds for both salinity and potential vorticity anomalies relative to maps of the mean distributions of these properties on and around the core isopycnal for the eddies. The proportion of such profiles diminishes to about 1% near the northwestern limit of the eddy range, near 15 degrees S and 115 degrees W. These eddies are anticyclonic, with a subsurface radial velocity maximum near the core isopycnal for water property anomalies, hence a reduced surface expression. Their geostrophic signature sometimes extends below 1000 dbar, suggesting the eddies may influence float subsurface trajectories. Radial transports around the eddy centers are estimated to be on the order of 2 x 10(6) m(3) s(-1) for the potential density layer 26.0 < sigma(theta) < 27.0 kg m(-3), about the same magnitude as the mean poleward transport of the PCU. C1 [Johnson, Gregory C.; McTaggart, Kristene E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Johnson, GC (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 FU NOAA FX Float data used here were collected and made freely available by Argo (http://www.argo.net/), a program of the Global Ocean Observing System, and contributing national programs. The NOAA Climate Program Office and the NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research supported this research. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Discussion with John Lyman was helpful while writing this paper. The suggestions of two anonymous reviewers were helpful in improving it during revision. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 40 IS 1 BP 226 EP 236 DI 10.1175/2009JPO4287.1 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 547OP UT WOS:000273899200014 ER PT J AU Cook, ER Seager, R Heim, RR Vose, RS Herweijer, C Woodhouse, C AF Cook, Edward R. Seager, Richard Heim, Richard R., Jr. Vose, Russell S. Herweijer, Celine Woodhouse, Connie TI Megadroughts in North America: placing IPCC projections of hydroclimatic change in a long-term palaeoclimate context SO JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE megadrought; North America; IPCC; hydroclimatic change; palaeoclimate ID MEDIEVAL WARM PERIOD; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; TROPICAL PACIFIC; LAST MILLENNIUM; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; 20TH-CENTURY DROUGHT; PERSISTENT DROUGHT; PAST MILLENNIUM; GREAT-PLAINS AB IPCC Assessment Report 4 model projections suggest that the subtropical dry zones of the world will both dry and expand poleward in the future due to greenhouse warming. The US Southwest is particularly vulnerable in this regard and model projections indicate a progressive drying there out to the end of the 21st century. At the same time, the USA has been in a state of drought over much of the West for about 10 years now. While severe, this turn of the century drought has not yet clearly exceeded the severity of two exceptional droughts in the 20th century. So while the coincidence between the turn of the century drought and projected drying in the Southwest is cause for concern, it is premature to claim that the model projections are correct. At the same time, great new insights into past drought variability over North America have been made through the development of the North American Drought Atlas from tree rings. Analyses of this drought atlas have revealed past megadroughts of unprecedented duration in the West, largely in the Medieval period about 1000 years ago. A vastly improved Living Blended Drought Atlas (LBDA) for North America now under development reveals these megadroughts in far greater detail. The LBDA indicates the occurrence of the same Medieval megadroughts in the West and similar-scale megadroughts in the agriculturally and commercially important Mississippi Valley. Possible causes of these megadroughts and their implications for the future are discussed. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Cook, Edward R.; Seager, Richard] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Heim, Richard R., Jr.; Vose, Russell S.] NOAA NESDIS Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Herweijer, Celine] Risk Management Solut Ltd, London, England. [Woodhouse, Connie] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Cook, ER (reprint author), Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM drdendro@ldeo.columbia.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA03OAR4320179, NA08OAR4320754]; US Department of Commerce; NOAA/NESDIS/National Climatic Data Center; NSF Earth System History FX This research was funded in full or in part under the Cooperative Institute for Climate Applications Research (CICAR) award numbers NA03OAR4320179 and NA08OAR4320754 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce. We also acknowledge the support of the NOAA/NESDIS/National Climatic Data Center and a grant to RS from the NSF Earth System History program. The statements, findings, conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the Department of Commerce. Lamont-Doherty Publication Number 7276. NR 83 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 5 U2 65 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0267-8179 EI 1099-1417 J9 J QUATERNARY SCI JI J. Quat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 SI SI BP 48 EP 61 DI 10.1002/jqs.1303 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 545YS UT WOS:000273773900006 ER PT J AU Cao, LR Hattrick-Simpers, JR Bindel, R Tomlin, BE Zeisler, R Paul, R Bendersky, LA Downing, RG AF Cao, L. R. Hattrick-Simpers, J. R. Bindel, R. Tomlin, B. E. Zeisler, R. Paul, R. Bendersky, L. A. Downing, R. G. TI Combinatorial study of thin film metal hydride by prompt gamma activation analysis SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Thin film; Combinatorial; Metal hydride; Hydrogen storage; IR emissivity; Cold neutron; NAA; Prompt gamma activation analysis; Instrumental neutron activation analysis ID HYDROGEN STORAGE; ALLOYS AB Cold neutron prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) was used to determine the mass of hydrogen in Mg hydride thin films with varying hydrogenation times. The results suggest that hydrogenation of the Mg thin films remains unsaturated even after 48 h of treatment, contrary to the indications of inferential hydrogen measurement methods. To demonstrate PGAA as an effective combinatorial methodology for hydride thin films, a continuously varying composition gradient of thin Mg(y)Ti((1-y)) hydride film with y ranging from 0.65 to 0.94 was prepared and analyzed by both PGAA and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The variation in the molar ratio of Mg, Ti, and H was obtained for nine 5 mm wide segments of the film. C1 [Cao, L. R.; Bindel, R.; Tomlin, B. E.; Zeisler, R.; Paul, R.; Downing, R. G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hattrick-Simpers, J. R.; Bendersky, L. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cao, L. R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cao, LR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8395, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM raymond.cao@nist.gov; jason.hattrick-simpers@nist.gov; richard.bindel@nist.gov; bryan.tomlin@nist.gov; rolf.zeisler@nist.gov; rick.paul@nist.gov; leonid.bendersky@nist.gov; gregory.downing@nist.gov RI Cao, Lei/B-3254-2012 OI Cao, Lei/0000-0003-4018-9496 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 283 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1007/s10967-009-0058-y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 552ZE UT WOS:000274333000009 ER PT J AU Chu, W Ma, L Song, J Vorburger, T AF Chu, Wei Ma, Li Song, John Vorburger, Theodore TI An Iterative Image Registration Algorithm by Optimizing Similarity Measurement SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE image registration; Newton-Raphson iteration; rigid body transformation; similarity measurement, standard casing AB A new registration algorithm based on Newton-Raphson iteration is proposed to align images with rigid body transformation. A set of transformation parameters consisting of translation in x and y and rotation angle around z is calculated by optimizing a specified similarity metric using the Newton-Raphson method. This algorithm has been tested by registering and correlating pairs of topography measurements of nominally identical NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM 2461) standard cartridge cases, and very good registration accuracy has been obtained. C1 [Chu, Wei] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Precis Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chu, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Precis Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wei.chu@nist.go; li.ma@nist.gov; jun-feng.song@nist.gov; theodore.vorburger@nist.gov FU NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards FX The authors are grateful to R. Attota, A. Carasso, and D. Gilsinn for their careful reading of the manuscript. The work was supported in part by the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 115 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.6028/jres.115.001 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 584BU UT WOS:000276725800001 PM 27134776 ER PT J AU O'Brien, M Minniti, R Masinza, SA AF O'Brien, Michelle Minniti, Ronaldo Masinza, Stanslaus Alwyn TI Comparison Between the NIST and the KEBS for the Determination of Air Kerma Calibration Coefficients for Narrow X-Ray Spectra and Cs-137 Gamma-Ray Beams SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air kerma; free-air ionization chamber; gamma-ray, cesium 137; primary standard; reference radiation qualities; x-ray calibration AB Air kerma calibration coefficients for a reference class ionization chamber from narrow x-ray spectra and cesium 137 gamma-ray beams were compared between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS). A NIST reference-class transfer ionization chamber was calibrated by each laboratory in terms of the quantity air kerma in four x-ray reference radiation beams of energies between 80 kV and 150 kV and in a cesium 137 gamma-ray beam. The reference radiation qualities used for this comparison are described in detail in the ISO 4037 publication.[1] The comparison began in September 2008 and was completed in March 2009. The results reveal the degree to which the participating calibration facility can demonstrate proficiency in transferring air kerma calibrations under the conditions of the said facility at the time of the measurements. The comparison of the calibration coefficients is based on the average ratios of calibration coefficients. C1 [O'Brien, Michelle; Minniti, Ronaldo] NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Radiat Interact & Dosimetry Grp, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Masinza, Stanslaus Alwyn] KEBS, Radiat Dosimetry Lab, Nairobi, Kenya. RP O'Brien, M (reprint author), NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Radiat Interact & Dosimetry Grp, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michelle.obrien@nist.gov; ronaldo.minniti@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 115 IS 1 BP 7 EP 13 DI 10.6028/jres.115.002 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 584BU UT WOS:000276725800002 PM 27134777 ER PT J AU Celebi, I Dragoset, RA Olsen, KJ Schaefer, R Kramer, GW AF Celebi, Ismet Dragoset, Robert A. Olsen, Karen J. Schaefer, Reinhold Kramer, Gary W. TI Improving Interoperability by Incorporating UnitsML Into Markup Languages SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE analytical experiments; AnIML; data storage; device integration; interoperability; Markup Language; Scientific Units of Measure; UnitsML; Web services; XML AB Maintaining the integrity of analytical data over time is a challenge. Years ago, data were recorded on paper that was pasted directly into a laboratory notebook. The digital age has made maintaining the integrity of data harder. Nowadays, digitized analytical data are often separated from information about how the sample was collected and prepared for analysis and how the data were acquired. The data are stored on digital media, while the related information about the data may be written in a paper notebook or stored separately in other digital files. Sometimes the connection between this "scientific meta-data" and the analytical data is lost, rendering the spectrum or chromatogram useless. We have been working with ASTM Subcommittee E13.15 on Analytical Data to create the Analytical Information Markup Language or AnIML-a new way to interchange and store spectroscopy and chromatography data based on XML (Extensible Markup Language). XML is a language for describing what data are by enclosing them in computer-useable tags. Recording the units associated with the analytical data and metadata is an essential issue for any data representation scheme that must be addressed by all domain-specific markup languages. As scientific markup languages proliferate, it is very desirable to have a single scheme for handling units to facilitate moving information between different data domains. At NIST, we have been developing a general markup language just for units that we call UnitsML. This presentation will describe how UnitsML is used and how it is being incorporated into AnIML. C1 [Celebi, Ismet] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Off Elect Commerce Sci & Engn Data, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kramer, Gary W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Celebi, Ismet; Schaefer, Reinhold] RheinMain Univ Appl Sci, WICIL, Wiesbaden, Germany. RP Celebi, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Off Elect Commerce Sci & Engn Data, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ismet06@gmail.com; dragoset@nist.gov; olsen@nist.gov; reinhold.schaefer@hs-rm.de; gary.kramer@nist.gov FU NIST FX The authors would like to thank Alexander Roth, Ronny Jopp, Jens Bakoczy, Burkhard Schaefer and the NIST UnitsML working group. This project is funded by NIST's Systems Integration for Manufacturing Applications (SIMA) Program. SIMA supports NIST projects, applying information technologies and standards-based approaches to manufacturing software integration problems. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 115 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.6028/jres.115.003 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 584BU UT WOS:000276725800003 PM 27134778 ER PT J AU Zarr, RR AF Zarr, Robert R. TI Assessment of Uncertainties for the NIST 1016 mm Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus: Extended Analysis for Low-Density Fibrous-Glass Thermal Insulation SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE building technology; fibrous glass blanket; guarded hot plate; thermal conductivity; thermal insulation; thermal resistance; uncertainty AB An assessment of uncertainties for the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 1016 mm Guarded-Hot-Plate apparatus is presented. The uncertainties are reported in a format consistent with current NIST policy on the expression of measurement uncertainty. The report describes a procedure for determination of component uncertainties for thermal conductivity and thermal resistance for the apparatus under operation in either the double-sided or single-sided mode of operation. An extensive example for computation of uncertainties for the single-sided mode of operation is provided for a low-density fibrous-glass blanket thermal insulation. For this material, the relative expanded uncertainty for thermal resistance increases from 1% for a thickness of 25.4 mm to 3% for a thickness of 228.6 mm. Although these uncertainties have been developed for a particular insulation material, the procedure and, to a lesser extent, the results are applicable to other insulation materials measured at a mean temperature close to 297 K (23.9 degrees C, 75 degrees F). The analysis identifies dominant components of uncertainty and, thus, potential areas for future improvement in the measurement process. For the NIST 1016 mm Guarded-Hot-Plate apparatus, considerable improvement, especially at higher values of thermal resistance, may be realized by developing better control strategies for guarding that include better measurement techniques for the guard gap thermopile voltage and the temperature sensors. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg Environm Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zarr, RR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg Environm Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.zarr@nist.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 115 IS 1 BP 23 EP 59 DI 10.6028/jres.115.004 PG 37 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 584BU UT WOS:000276725800004 PM 27134779 ER PT J AU Gabbai, RD Simiu, E AF Gabbai, R. D. Simiu, E. TI Aerodynamic Damping in the Along-Wind Response of Tall Buildings SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Aerodynamics; Damping; Building technology; Flexible buildings; Structural dynamics; Wind forces AB We present a novel methodology for the estimation of the aerodynamic damping that affects the along-wind response offal] buildings. The estimation uses (1) measurements of the external pressures on the windward and leeward faces under wind normal to a building face; (2) a simplified model of the relation between those pressures and the longitudinal fluctuating velocities with respect to the building; and (3) time-domain estimates of the along-wind building response that preserve the phase relationships between pressures and response. The methodology accounts explicitly for the shapes of the building's modes of vibration, the natural frequencies of vibration, and the mechanical damping ratios, and takes advantage of the recent development of efficient time-domain algorithms for calculating dynamic structural response to wind. The methodology is applied to an isolated tall building in suburban terrain. The results of the calculations show that, for the example being considered, the aerodynamic damping (1) is positive, that is, it has a favorable effect; (2) is small relative to the mechanical damping; (3) is for practical purposes independent of the shape of the fundamental mode of vibration: and (4) is unaffected by higher vibration modes. C1 [Gabbai, R. D.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM simiu@nist.gov NR 7 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2010 VL 136 IS 1 BP 117 EP 119 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2010)136:1(117) PG 3 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 542VF UT WOS:000273526300012 ER PT J AU Gong, Z Andrews, M Jagannathan, S Patel, R Jech, JM Makris, NC Ratilal, P AF Gong, Zheng Andrews, Mark Jagannathan, Srinivasan Patel, Ruben Jech, J. Michael Makris, Nicholas C. Ratilal, Purnima TI Low-frequency target strength and abundance of shoaling Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in the Gulf of Maine during the Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing 2006 Experiment SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF ENVIRONMENT; GAS BUBBLE RELEASE; TRANSMISSION SCINTILLATION; SWIMBLADDER COMPRESSION; SOUND PROPAGATION; SCATTERED FIELD; FISH; RANGE; POPULATION; RESONANCE AB The low-frequency target strength of shoaling Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in the Gulf of Maine during Autumn 2006 spawning season is estimated from experimental data acquired simultaneously at multiple frequencies in the 300-1200 Hz range using (1) a low-frequency ocean acoustic waveguide remote sensing (OAWRS) system, (2) areal population density calibration with several conventional fish finding sonar (CFFS) systems, and (3) low-frequency transmission loss measurements. The OAWRS system's instantaneous imaging diameter of 100 km and regular updating enabled unaliased monitoring of fish populations over ecosystem scales including shoals of Atlantic herring containing hundreds of millions of individuals, as confirmed by concurrent trawl and CFFS sampling. High spatial-temporal coregistration was found between herring shoals imaged by OAWRS and concurrent CFFS line-transects, which also provided fish depth distributions. The mean scattering cross-section of an individual shoaling herring is found to consistently exhibit a strong, roughly 20 dB/octave roll-off with decreasing frequency in the range of the OAWRS survey over all days of the roughly 2-week experiment, consistent with the steep roll-offs expected for sub-resonance scattering from fish with air-filled swimbladders. (C) 2010 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3268595] C1 [Gong, Zheng; Andrews, Mark; Ratilal, Purnima] Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Jagannathan, Srinivasan; Makris, Nicholas C.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Patel, Ruben] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Jech, J. Michael] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Gong, Z (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Gong, Zheng/K-5808-2012 NR 71 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 127 IS 1 BP 104 EP 123 DI 10.1121/1.3268595 PG 20 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 540UF UT WOS:000273364700016 PM 20058955 ER PT J AU Cifelli, R Lang, T Rutledge, SA Guy, N Zipser, EJ Zawislak, J Holzworth, R AF Cifelli, Robert Lang, Timothy Rutledge, Steven A. Guy, Nick Zipser, Edward J. Zawislak, Jon Holzworth, Robert TI Characteristics of an African Easterly Wave Observed during NAMMA SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; SQUALL-LINE; WEST-AFRICA; PRECIPITATION SYSTEMS; RADAR DATA; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; TOGA COARE; DISTURBANCES; RAINFALL AB The evolution of an African easterly wave is described using ground-based radar and ancillary datasets from three locations in West Africa: Niamey, Niger (continental), Dakar, Senegal (coastal), and Praia, Republic of Cape Verde (oceanic). The data were collected during the combined African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) and NASA AMMA (NAMMA) campaigns in August-September 2006. Two precipitation events originated within the wave circulation and propagated with the wave across West Africa. Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) associated with these events were identified at all three sites ahead of, within, and behind the 700-mb wave trough. An additional propagating event was indentified that originated east of the wave and moved through the wave circulation. The MCS activity associated with this event did not show any appreciable change resulting from its interaction with the wave. The MCS characteristics at each site were different, likely due to a combination of life cycle effects and changes in relative phasing between the propagating systems and the position of low-level convergence and thermodynamic instability associated with the wave. At the ocean and coastal sites, the most intense convection occurred ahead of the wave trough where both high CAPE and low-level convergence were concentrated. At the continental site, convection was relatively weak owing to the fact that the wave dynamics and thermodynamics were not in sync when the systems passed through Niamey. The only apparent effect of the wave on MCS activity at the continental site was to extend the period of precipitation activity during one of the events that passed through coincident with the 700-mb wave trough. Convective organization at the land sites was primarily in the form of squall lines and linear MCSs oriented perpendicular to the low-level shear. The organization at the oceanic site was more complicated, transitioning from linear MCSs to widespread stratiform cloud with embedded convection. The precipitation activity was also much longer lived at the oceanic site due to the wave becoming nearly stationary near the Cape Verdes, providing an environment supportive of deep convection for an extended period. C1 [Cifelli, Robert] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Boulder, CO USA. [Cifelli, Robert] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Lang, Timothy; Rutledge, Steven A.; Guy, Nick] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zipser, Edward J.; Zawislak, Jon] Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Holzworth, Robert] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Cifelli, R (reprint author), R PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rob.cifelli@noaa.gov OI Lang, Timothy/0000-0003-1576-572X FU NASA [NNX06AC11G] FX The authors wish to thank Bob Houze, Chris Thorncroft, and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions to improve the manuscript. This work was supported by the NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission under Grant NNX06AC11G. The NAMMA program was made possible by Dr. Ramesh Kakar (NAMMA mission director). AMMA was built by an international scientific group and is currently funded by a large number of agencies, especially from France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Africa. This study could not have been possible without the hard work and dedication of all AMMA-NAMMA participants. The ECMWF operational analysis and Niamey sounding data were made available from the AMMA science team via the AMMA database web site. The sounding data at Niamey, Dakar, and Praia were provided by Doug Parker, Jose Fuentes, and the NASA Wallops Flight Facility, respectively. Steve Nesbitt provided the computer code to compare the ground radar data with corresponding TRMM overpass data and helped interpret the results for TOGA. Computer assistance from Paul Hein to derive a common format for all the sounding data was invaluable. NR 67 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 67 IS 1 BP 3 EP 25 DI 10.1175/2009JAS3141.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 549WV UT WOS:000274086000001 ER PT J AU Rogers, R AF Rogers, Robert TI Convective-Scale Structure and Evolution during a High-Resolution Simulation of Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE-BONNIE 1998; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SQUALL-LINE; PART I; INNER-CORE; VERTICAL MOTION; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; ENVIRONMENTAL-INFLUENCES AB The role of convective-scale processes in a 1.67-km mesoscale model simulation of the rapid intensification (RI) of Hurricane Dennis (2005) is presented. The structure and evolution of inner-core precipitating areas during RI, the statistical properties of precipitation during times experiencing vigorous convection (termed convective bursts here) and how they differ from nonburst times, possible differences in convective bursts associated with RI and those not associated with RI, and the impacts of precipitation morphology on the vortex-scale structure and evolution during RI are all examined. The onset of RI is linked to an increase in the areal extent of convective precipitation in the inner core, while the inner-core stratiform precipitating area remains unchanged and the intensity increases only after RI has begun. RI is not tied to a dramatic increase in the number of convective bursts nor in the characteristics of the bursts, such as burst intensity. Rather, the immediate cause of RI is a significant increase in updraft mass flux, particularly in the lowest 1.5 km. This increase in updraft mass flux is accomplished primarily by updrafts on the order of 1-2 m s(-1), representing the bulk of the vertical motion distribution. However, a period of enhanced updraft mass flux in the midlevels by moderate to strong (>5 m s(-1)) updrafts located inside the radius of maximum winds occurs similar to 6 h prior to RI, indicating a synergistic relationship between convective bursts and the background secondary circulation prior to RI. This result supports the assertion that both buoyantly driven updrafts and slantwise near-neutral ascent are important features in eyewall structure, evolution, and intensification, including RI. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Rogers, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM robert.rogers@noaa.gov RI Rogers, Robert/I-4428-2013 FU NASA TCSP [NNG05HL49I]; HRD base funds FX This work was supported by NASA TCSP Grant NNG05HL49I and HRD base funds. NR 90 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 67 IS 1 BP 44 EP 70 DI 10.1175/2009JAS3122.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 549WV UT WOS:000274086000003 ER PT J AU Mansell, ER Ziegler, CL Bruning, EC AF Mansell, Edward R. Ziegler, Conrad L. Bruning, Eric C. TI Simulated Electrification of a Small Thunderstorm with Two-Moment Bulk Microphysics SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELD; LIGHTNING PARAMETERIZATION; MOUNTAIN THUNDERSTORM; CONVECTIVE STORMS; RIME ACCRETION; LIQUID WATER; ICE SCHEME; PART II; MODEL; CLOUD AB Electrification and lightning are simulated for a small continental multicell storm. The results are consistent with observations and thus provide additional understanding of the charging processes and evolution of this storm. The first six observed lightning flashes were all negative cloud-to-ground (CG) flashes, after which intracloud (IC) flashes also occurred between middle and upper levels of the storm. The model simulation reproduces the basic evolution of lightning from low and middle levels to upper levels. The observed lightning indicated an initial charge structure of at least an inverted dipole (negative charge above positive). The simulations show that noninductive charge separation higher in the storm can enhance the main negative charge sufficiently to produce negative CG flashes before upper-level IC flashes commence. The result is a "bottom-heavy'' tripole charge structure with midlevel negative charge and a lower positive charge region that is more significant than the upper positive region, in contrast to the traditional tripole structure that has a less significant lower positive charge region. Additionally, the occurrence of cloud-to-ground lightning is not necessarily a result of excess net charge carried by the storm, but it is primarily caused by the local potential imbalance between the lowest charge regions. The two-moment microphysics scheme used for this study predicted mass mixing ratio and number concentration of cloud droplets, rain, ice crystals, snow, and graupel. Bulk particle density of graupel was also predicted, which allows a single category to represent a greater range of particle characteristics. (An additional hail category is available but was not needed for the present study.) The prediction of hydrometeor number concentration is particularly critical for charge separation at higher temperatures (-5 degrees < T < 22 degrees C) in the mixed phase region, where ice crystals are produced by rime fracturing (Hallett-Mossop process) and by splintering of freezing drops. Cloud droplet concentration prediction also affected the rates of inductive charge separation between graupel and droplets. C1 [Mansell, Edward R.; Ziegler, Conrad L.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Bruning, Eric C.] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate Studies, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mansell, ER (reprint author), 120 DL Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM ted.mansell@noaa.gov FU National Severe Storms Laboratory; National Science Foundation [ATM-0119398, ATM-0451639]; NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227] FX Support was provided by the National Severe Storms Laboratory and grants from the National Science Foundation (ATM-0119398 and ATM-0451639). Funding for this research also was provided under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227. We thank Louis Wicker, Donald MacGorman, and Jerry Straka for advice and discussions on numerical modeling, electrification, and microphysics. Anonymous reviews also helped to improve the manuscript. Special thanks to all those who assisted in data collection during the TELEX field program. NR 65 TC 72 Z9 78 U1 9 U2 37 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 67 IS 1 BP 171 EP 194 DI 10.1175/2009JAS2965.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 549WV UT WOS:000274086000010 ER PT J AU Hickner, MA Siegel, NP Chen, KS Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL AF Hickner, M. A. Siegel, N. P. Chen, K. S. Hussey, D. S. Jacobson, D. L. TI Observations of Transient Flooding in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Using Time-Resolved Neutron Radiography SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID WATER; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; ACCUMULATION; INSTABILITY; PROFILES; DROPLET; MODELS; PEFC AB The generation and transport of water in both liquid and gas phases during device operation are important areas to understand both steady state and transient performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Localized concentrations of liquid water within the cell can cause flooding, which leads to decreases in cell performance, fuel starvation, degradation, or, in extreme cases, collapse of cell output. A variety of experimental and simulation techniques have been used to elucidate flooding events; yet, a comprehensive understanding of what leads to flooding and the specific details of how flooding affects fuel cell performance, especially during transient operation, have not been completely developed. The work reported here couples direct observations of liquid water flooding, primarily in the gas flow channel, with measurements of cell performance, outlet temperature, and outlet dew point during a step change in current density. Liquid water buildup and water slug dynamics were monitored with the temperature and electrical performance of the cell in real time. The size of the water slugs was connected to the cell performance to illustrate how the liquid water influences cell operation and how the conditions of the cathode gas flow control the liquid water content of the cell. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3250864] All rights reserved. C1 [Hickner, M. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Siegel, N. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Resources & Syst Anal Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Chen, K. S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hussey, D. S.; Jacobson, D. L.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hickner, MA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mah49@psu.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC0494AL85000]; Sandia National Laboratories' Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program; Penn State Institutes of Energy and the Environment; Penn State Materials Research Institute; U.S. Department of Commerce; NIST Ionizing Radiation Division; Director's Office of NIST; NIST Center for Neutron Research; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AI01-01EE50660] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Co., for the U. S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC0494AL85000. This work was supported by Sandia National Laboratories' Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program, the Penn State Institutes of Energy and the Environment, the Penn State Materials Research Institute, the U.S. Department of Commerce, the NIST Ionizing Radiation Division, the Director's Office of NIST, the NIST Center for Neutron Research, and the U.S. Department of Energy through interagency agreement no. DE-AI01-01EE50660. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2010 VL 157 IS 1 BP B32 EP B38 DI 10.1149/1.3250864 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 527SQ UT WOS:000272387200022 ER PT J AU Wang, XH Van Nguyen, T Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL AF Wang, Xuhai Van Nguyen, Trung Hussey, Daniel S. Jacobson, David L. TI An Experimental Study of Relative Permeability of Porous Media Used in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON IMAGING TECHNIQUE; GAS-DIFFUSION LAYERS; WATER DISTRIBUTION; CATHODE; PEMFC; 2-PHASE; MODEL; FLOW; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT AB This study investigated gas and liquid relative permeability, one of the important two-phase transport properties of the porous media used in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The experiment showed that the gas relative permeability obtained by the gravimetric analysis and neutron imaging agreed at low saturation levels, but differs at high saturation levels. The liquid relative permeability in the saturation level range of 0.3 to 0.8 was measured by neutron imaging. Because of dead air pockets in the porous materials and certain saturation levels are required to establish continuous flow of liquid water through gas diffusion media, liquid permeability at both high and low saturation levels could not be obtained. It was shown that the 3rd-order power correlation of gas permeability generally used in numerical simulation only fitted the porous media of A1 and A3 at low saturation levels. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3493596] All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Xuhai; Van Nguyen, Trung] Univ Kansas, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Hussey, Daniel S.; Jacobson, David L.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, XH (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM cptvn@ku.edu FU Toyota Motor Corporation; U.S. Department of Commerce; NIST Ionizing Radiation Division; Director's office of NIST; NIST Center for Neutron Research; Department of Energy [DEAI01-01EE50660] FX This work was supported by Toyota Motor Corporation and by the U.S. Department of Commerce, the NIST Ionizing Radiation Division, the Director's office of NIST, the NIST Center for Neutron Research, and the Department of Energy interagency agreement no. DEAI01-01EE50660. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2010 VL 157 IS 12 BP B1777 EP B1782 DI 10.1149/1.3493596 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 676SH UT WOS:000283938300019 ER PT J AU Moffat, TP Yang, LYO AF Moffat, T. P. Yang, L. -Y. Ou TI Accelerator Surface Phase Associated with Superconformal Cu Electrodeposition SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE conformal field theory; copper; desorption; diffusion; electrolytes; electroplating; metallisation; scanning tunnelling microscopy; supersymmetric field theory; surfactants ID COPPER-SULFATE BATH; ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; IN-SITU STM; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; CHLORIDE-IONS; 3-MERCAPTO-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); LATERAL INTERACTIONS AB Superconformal film growth is a key process in state-of-the-art Cu metallization of electronic devices. Superfilling of recessed surface features results from the competition between electrolyte additives that accelerate or inhibit Cu electroplating. In situ scanning tunneling microscopy is used to image the accelerating bis-(3-sodiumsulfopropyl disulfide) (SPS)-Cl- surfactant phase that is responsible for disrupting and preventing the formation of the inhibiting poly(ethylene glycol)-Cl- layer. Various aspects of competitive and coadsorption of Cl- and SPS on Cu(100) were examined for industrially relevant additive concentrations. At potentials associated with superfilling, a saturated, c(2x2) Cl- ordered adlayer forms on the surface. When as-received SPS is added, individual SPS and (3-mercaptopropyl)sulfonate (MPS) molecules are imaged as a mobile two-dimensional gas diffusing on the Cl- adlattice. The SPS-Cl- surfactant accounts for many aspects of the additive function previously observed and stipulated by the curvature enhanced accelerator model of superconformal film growth. SPS-derived species of differing mobility and tunneling contrast appear with exposure time. The lattice gas species are sensitive to the imaging conditions with tip-molecule interactions particularly evident at higher tunneling currents. At negative potentials, the c(2x2) Cl- adlayer is disrupted by an order-disorder transition, followed by desorption at more negative potentials. This allows direct access of SPS to the Cu metal whereupon irreversible sulfide formation occurs. C1 [Moffat, T. P.; Yang, L. -Y. Ou] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Moffat, TP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.moffat@nist.gov NR 84 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 37 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2010 VL 157 IS 4 BP D228 EP D241 DI 10.1149/1.3298852 PG 14 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 569HI UT WOS:000275586800059 ER PT J AU Rouya, E Stafford, GR Bertocci, U Mallett, JJ Schad, R Begley, MR Kelly, RG Reed, ML Zangari, G AF Rouya, E. Stafford, G. R. Bertocci, U. Mallett, J. J. Schad, R. Begley, M. R. Kelly, R. G. Reed, M. L. Zangari, G. TI Electrodeposition of Metastable Au-Ni Alloys SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE annealing; crystal morphology; electrochemical electrodes; electrodeposition; free energy; gold alloys; grain boundaries; grain size; metallic thin films; nickel alloys; phase separation; surface diffusion ID GOLD-NICKEL ALLOYS; SELF-DIFFUSION; FREE-ENERGY; FE ALLOYS; SACCHARIN; SULFUR; MICROSTRUCTURE; THERMODYNAMICS; THIOSULFATE; SULFITE AB The electrodeposition of Au-Ni alloys from near-neutral, sulfite-based electrolytes derived from a commercial bath for soft gold plating is investigated. Alloy compositions ranging from 0 to 90 atom % Ni were obtained by varying the deposition potential, with Ni content increasing with overpotential. Cathodic efficiency was lower than 50% due to concurrent parasitic reactions, including the reduction of products from the decomposition of sulfites and the hydrogen evolution reaction. As-deposited films form a continuous series of metastable solid solutions and exhibit a nanocrystalline morphology, with grain size decreasing with increasing Ni content and a possible Ni enrichment at the grain boundaries. Thermal annealing at 200 degrees C was sufficient to start the relaxation of the metastable solid solution toward the thermodynamically stable biphasic configuration of pure Au and Ni phases; however, 400 degrees C was necessary to complete the phase separation process within similar to 1 h. The formation of a metastable structure is interpreted in terms of the limited surface diffusivities of adatoms at the growing interface and atomic volume differences. The excess free energy of the as-deposited alloys with respect to the stable, phase separated configuration is estimated between 6 and 18 kJ/mol, consistent with what can be expected in electrochemical processing. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3421749] All rights reserved. C1 [Rouya, E.; Mallett, J. J.; Begley, M. R.; Kelly, R. G.; Reed, M. L.; Zangari, G.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Stafford, G. R.; Bertocci, U.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schad, R.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Rouya, E (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM er5v@virginia.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMI-0507023] FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation under grant no. DMI-0507023. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2010 VL 157 IS 7 BP D396 EP D405 DI 10.1149/1.3421749 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 603BJ UT WOS:000278182600047 ER PT J AU Chai, H Lee, JJW Lawn, BR AF Chai, Herzl Lee, James J-W Lawn, Brian R. TI Fracture of tooth enamel from incipient microstructural defects SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; DENTAL ENAMEL; TEETH; MORPHOLOGY; COATINGS; MAMMALS; MODES AB We present definitive evidence for crack growth from internal defects called 'tufts' in human enamel. Transverse slices (normal to the tooth axis) sawn from extracted human teeth are embedded in a polycarbonate sandwich configuration and tested in simple flexural loading. The evolution of ensuing cracks across the enamel sections is viewed in situ by a video camera. The observations unequivocally identify tufts as sources of internal tooth fracture. In sufficiently thin slices the enamel becomes translucent, allowing for through-thickness observations of the crack topography. Crack segments that appear to be disjointed on a section surface link up into a contiguous primary crack below the surface, suggesting some crack resistance by 'bridging' behind the advancing crack tip. The role of these and other microstructural factors in determining the resilience of tooth structures is considered. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Lee, James J-W; Lawn, Brian R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chai, Herzl] Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Sch Mech Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Lee, James J-W] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Lee, JJW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM herzl@eng.tau.ac.il; james.lee@nist.gov; brian.lawn@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX Molar teeth were obtained from Gary Schumacher, Sabine Dickens and Anthony Guiseppetti in the Paffenbarger Research Center (PRC) laboratories at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).. Approval to test these specimens was granted by the NIST Intemal Review Board. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1751-6161 J9 J MECH BEHAV BIOMED JI J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 3 IS 1 BP 116 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2009.08.002 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 521WW UT WOS:000271958100014 PM 19878909 ER PT J AU Kamazawa, K Harada, M Ikedo, Y Sugiyama, J Tyagi, M Matsuo, Y AF Kamazawa, Kazuya Harada, Masashi Ikedo, Yutaka Sugiyama, Jun Tyagi, Madhusudan Matsuo, Yasumitsu TI Long Range Proton Diffusive Motion of CsHSO4 and CsHSeO4 : - High Energy Resolution Quasielastic Neutron Scattering of Superprotonic Conductors SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE superprotonic conductor; quasielastic neutron scattering; geometrical frustration AB In order to clarify the mechanism of superprotonic conductivity (SPC) of Phase I for CsHSO4 and CsHSeO4, we have performed quasielastic neutron scattering measurements using high resolution back scattering spectrometer at NIST. As a result, we have found a new diffusive motion of proton with the diffusion length lambda(H) = 6.8 angstrom, which corresponds to the distance of the seventh nearest neighboring proton in the lattice. SPC is not only caused by the short-range self-diffusion detected by the past neutron experiments but also caused by the long range self-diffusion in the lattice. C1 [Kamazawa, Kazuya; Harada, Masashi; Ikedo, Yutaka; Sugiyama, Jun] Toyota Cent Res & Dev Labs Inc, Nagakute, Aichi 4801192, Japan. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Matsuo, Yasumitsu] Setsunan Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Neyagawa, Osaka 5728508, Japan. RP Kamazawa, K (reprint author), Toyota Cent Res & Dev Labs Inc, Nagakute, Aichi 4801192, Japan. EM e1508@mosk.tytlabs.co.jp RI Sugiyama, Jun/M-6535-2015 OI Sugiyama, Jun/0000-0002-0916-5333 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 79 SU A DI 10.1143/JPSJS.795A.7 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V38JT UT WOS:000209340400002 ER PT J AU Lu, ZQJ AF Lu, Z. Q. John TI The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction, 2nd edition SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES A-STATISTICS IN SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review ID REGRESSION C1 [Lu, Z. Q. John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lu, ZQJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.lu@nist.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-1998 J9 J R STAT SOC A STAT JI J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A-Stat. Soc. PY 2010 VL 173 BP 693 EP 694 PN 3 PG 2 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Mathematics GA 612UH UT WOS:000278928800019 ER PT J AU Strawderman, WE Rukhin, AL AF Strawderman, William E. Rukhin, Andrew L. TI Simultaneous estimation and reduction of nonconformity in interlaboratory studies SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES B-STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Birge ratio; Heteroscedasticity; Key comparisons; Meta-analysis; Normal mean; Reference value; Shrinkage estimators; Stein phenomenon; Weighted means statistics ID FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; CODATA RECOMMENDED VALUES; WEIGHTED MEANS STATISTICS AB Several procedures that are designed to reduce nonconformity in interlaboratory studies by shrinking data towards a consensus weighted mean are suggested. Some of them are shown to have a smaller quadratic risk than the vector sample means. Shrinkage towards a weighted mean in a random-effects model and a statistic appearing in models which allow for systematic errors are also considered. The results are illustrated by two examples of collaborative studies. C1 [Strawderman, William E.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Stat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Rukhin, Andrew L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Strawderman, WE (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Stat, 110 Freylinghuisen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM straw@stat.rutgers.edu NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1369-7412 J9 J ROY STAT SOC B JI J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B-Stat. Methodol. PY 2010 VL 72 BP 219 EP 234 PN 2 PG 16 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 551EH UT WOS:000274188400004 ER PT J AU Choi, JM Silverman, KL Stevens, MJ Harvey, TL Mirin, RP AF Choi, John M. Silverman, Kevin L. Stevens, Martin J. Harvey, Todd L. Mirin, Richard P. TI GaAs/AlOx micropillar fabrication for small mode volume photon sources SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article DE aluminium compounds; gallium arsenide; III-V semiconductors; light sources; microfabrication; micro-optics; optical fabrication; photoluminescence ID GAAS AB Micropillar devices have shown promise as single photon sources for applications in quantum key distribution as well as single photon metrology and fundamental science. For higher temperature operation (77 K), a high quality factor (Q) cavity and a small modal volume are necessary for enhanced spontaneous emission. Although high Q's have been demonstrated, achieving small modal volumes is difficult due to the limited index contrast available from the lattice-matched Bragg layers of GaAs and AlGaAs. However, by wet thermal oxidation of AlGaAs or AlAs layers to amorphous aluminum oxide (AlOx), very high index contrast layers can be obtained. This allows for high reflectivity mirrors with fewer Bragg pairs, resulting in reduced mode volume from reduced penetration of the optical mode within the mirror pairs. The authors apply this method in a GaAs/Al(0.95)Ga(0.05)As material system and describe a fabrication process for such devices, utilizing a BCl(3):Cl(2):Ar etch. Photoluminescence measurements of micropillars with three top and five bottom layers are demonstrated. They are measured to have Q's of 200-400 for approximately 1-3 mu m diameters, respectively. These results indicate that high Q devices may be possible while simultaneously reducing the modal volume. C1 [Choi, John M.; Silverman, Kevin L.; Stevens, Martin J.; Harvey, Todd L.; Mirin, Richard P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Choi, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mirin@boulder.nist.gov OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 FU NSF; NNIN; Intelligence Community's Postdoctoral Research FX One of the authors (J.C.) thanks B. Unbeault, D. Freeborn, and the staff at the UCSB Nanofabrication Facility for helpful discussions and facilities access. A portion of this work was done at the UCSB Nanofabrication Facility, part of the NSF funded NNIN network. This work was supported by a grant from the Intelligence Community's Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN PY 2010 VL 28 IS 1 BP 157 EP 162 DI 10.1116/1.3280163 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 568GZ UT WOS:000275511800059 ER PT J AU Giubertoni, D Pepponi, G Sahiner, MA Kelty, SP Gennaro, S Bersani, M Kah, M Kirkby, KJ Doherty, R Foad, MA Meirer, F Streli, C Woicik, JC Pianetta, P AF Giubertoni, Damiano Pepponi, Giancarlo Sahiner, Mehmet Alper Kelty, Stephen P. Gennaro, Salvatore Bersani, Massimo Kah, Max Kirkby, Karen J. Doherty, Roisin Foad, Majeed A. Meirer, F. Streli, C. Woicik, Joseph C. Pianetta, Piero TI Deactivation of submelt laser annealed arsenic ultrashallow junctions in silicon during subsequent thermal treatment SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article DE annealing; arsenic; diffusion; elemental semiconductors; EXAFS; ion implantation; secondary ion mass spectra; semiconductor doping; silicon ID IMPLANTED SILICON; DOPED SILICON; DIFFUSION; SI AB The use of nonequilibrium annealing approaches can produce very high levels of arsenic electrical activation in Si. However, subsequent thermal treatments between 500 and 800 degrees C easily deactivate the dopant to a level one order of magnitude below the solid solubility. In this work, the authors study the deactivation of laser annealed (LA) ultrashallow arsenic distributions in silicon using Hall effect measurements, extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, and secondary ion mass spectrometry. Single crystal Si (100) wafers implanted with As ions at 2 keV energy and different doses were activated with a millisecond LA at 1300 degrees C using a scanning diode laser annealing system under nonmelt conditions. The samples were then thermally treated in a furnace at 300-900 degrees C in a N(2) atmosphere for 10 min. Electrical deactivation has been observed for all the implanted doses but for the lowest one. In particular, it was observed that the higher the As dose the easier the deactivation, in particular, after the 700 degrees C post-LA treatment. At 900 degrees C, in-depth diffusion and a resulting reactivation has been observed for samples implanted with 1x10(15) and 3x10(15) cm(-2). C1 [Giubertoni, Damiano; Pepponi, Giancarlo; Gennaro, Salvatore; Bersani, Massimo] Fdn Bruno Kessler, IRST, Ctr Mat & Microsyst, I-38050 Trento, Italy. [Sahiner, Mehmet Alper] Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. [Kelty, Stephen P.] Seton Hall Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Computat Res, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. [Kah, Max; Kirkby, Karen J.] Univ Surrey, Fac Engn & Phys Sci, Adv Technol Inst, Surrey Ion Beam Ctr, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. [Doherty, Roisin; Foad, Majeed A.] Appl Mat Inc, Front End Prod, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. [Meirer, F.; Streli, C.] TU Wien, ATI, A-1020 Vienna, Austria. [Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pianetta, Piero] SSRL SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Giubertoni, D (reprint author), Fdn Bruno Kessler, IRST, Ctr Mat & Microsyst, Via Sommar 18, I-38050 Trento, Italy. EM giuberto@fbk.eu RI Kirkby, Karen/M-4725-2015; Meirer, Florian/H-7642-2016; OI Kirkby, Karen/0000-0002-0901-210X; Meirer, Florian/0000-0001-5581-5790; Streli, Christina/0000-0002-5141-3177; Giubertoni, Damiano/0000-0001-8197-8729; Pepponi, Giancarlo/0000-0002-7397-1946 FU European Commission; Research Corporation Award [CC6405]; NSF [DMI 0420952] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Francesco d'Acapito, INFM, and ESRF Grenoble for support and discussion during EXAFS analysis session, Justin Hamilton and Jun Sharp, University of Surrey, for characterizing some samples by Hall Effect measurements. They acknowledge the support of the European Commission under the action "Structuring the European Research Area." Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The work of M.A.S. is supported by Research Corporation Award No. CC6405 and NSF Grant No, DMI 0420952. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN PY 2010 VL 28 IS 1 BP C1B1 EP C1B5 DI 10.1116/1.3242637 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 568GZ UT WOS:000275511800002 ER PT J AU Day, RD Keller, JM Harms, CA Segars, A Cluse, WM Godfrey, MH Lee, AM Peden-Adams, M Thorvalson, K Dodd, M Norton, T AF Day, Rusty D. Keller, Jennifer M. Harms, Craig A. Segars, Al L. Cluse, Wendy M. Godfrey, Matthew H. Lee, A. Michelle Peden-Adams, Margie Thorvalson, Kelly Dodd, Mark Norton, Terry TI COMPARISON OF MERCURY BURDENS IN CHRONICALLY DEBILITATED AND HEALTHY LOGGERHEAD SEA TURTLES (CARETTA CARETTA) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Blood; disease; emaciation; keratin; loggerhead sea turtle; mercury; plasma; red blood cell ID METHYLMERCURY; BLOOD; ERYTHROCYTES AB An increasing in the incidence of debilitated loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) strandings in the southeastern United States has been observed in recent years. These turtles are characterized by emacation and heavy burdens of external and internal parasites, and bacterial infections, but the underlyng cause of their condition is unknown. To investigate further the causes of these strandings, a health assessment was performed on stranded, debilitated loggerhead turtles, and contimanant concentrations in various tissues were compared to those from healthy turtles. This portion of the study investigated the potential role of mercury (Hg) toxicity in the debilitated conditoin described above. Hematocrit, total protein, albumin, globuli, glucose, calcium, lymphocyte counts, heterophil:lymphocyte ratios, aspartate aminotransferase, uric acid, sodium, and chloride were altered in debilitated loggerrheads relative to healthy animals. However, none of the aforementioned healthy indicators correlated with Hg concentrations in either red blood cells (RBCs) or plasma. The Hg concentration in RBCs was 129 +/- 72 (mean +/- standard deviation) times higher than in plasma, causing a significant dilution of Hg in whole blood due to extreme anemia. Mercury concentrations in RBCs (73.7 +/- 21.2 ng/g) and scutes (455 +/- 57 ng/g) from debilitate dturtles were similar to or lower than those reported fo rhealthy animals, indicating no elevation in Hg exposure before and during the pgoression of this condition. These findings suggest that Hg toxicity does not play a role in the debilitated loggerhead condition observed in the southeastern United States. C1 [Day, Rusty D.; Keller, Jennifer M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Harms, Craig A.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Segars, Al L.] S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Cluse, Wendy M.; Godfrey, Matthew H.] N Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Lee, A. Michelle; Peden-Adams, Margie] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403 USA. [Thorvalson, Kelly] S Carolina Aquarium, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. [Dodd, Mark] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA. [Norton, Terry] St Catherines Isl Wildlife Ctr, Midway, GA 31320 USA. RP Day, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM russell.day@nist.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 46 IS 1 BP 111 EP 117 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 548JE UT WOS:000273957100012 PM 20090024 ER PT J AU Rehtanz, M Ghim, SJ McFee, W Doescher, B Lacave, G Fair, PA Reif, JS Bossart, GD Jenson, AB AF Rehtanz, Manuela Ghim, Shin-je McFee, Wayne Doescher, Bethany Lacave, Geraldine Fair, Patricia A. Reif, John S. Bossart, Gregory D. Jenson, Alfred B. TI PAPILLOMAVIRUS ANTIBODY PREVALENCE IN FREE-RANGING AND CAPTIVE BOTTLENOSE DOLPHINS (TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Antibodies; bottlenose dolphin; infectious disease; neoplasia; papillomavirus; serology; TtPV; tumors; Tursiops truncatus ID ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; TYPE-16; VACCINE; TRANSMISSION; PORPOISES; PHOCOENA; HARBOR; WARTS; RISK AB Genital epithelial tumors of Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus [Tt]) and Burmeister's porpoises (Phocoena spinipinnis) were formerly shown to be associated with papillomavirus (PNI) infection. Papillomaviruses are highly prevalent viruses involved in the development of various tumor types in a wide range of animals, and so-called high-risk PVs contribute to malignant progression. In marine mammals, the incidence and prevalence of PV infection, transmission pathways, and persistence of infection are largely unknown. Using virus-like particles of bottlenose dolphin PV type 1 (TtPV1) as the antigen, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) studies were conducted to evaluate PV antibody prevalence in bottlenose dolphins. in total,sera obtained 115 dolphins were examined. Fifty-one percent of captive dolphins (n = 18 of 35) and 90% of free-ranging dolphins (n 72 of 80) were antibody positive. Higher ELISA reactivity was observed among males compared with females. Sexually immature dolphins appeared more like] to seroconvert with age. Besides determining their PV antibody prevalence, each animal was also assessed for the presence of orogenital tumors. Interestingly the mean age of free-ranging dolphins with tumors (n=21) was 11.2 yr compared with 29.9 yr in captive dolphins with tumors (n=9). Results from the current study suggest PV infection in bottlenose dolphins is common, that the main route of PV transmission among them may be horizontal, and that orogenital neoplasia may develop in early life stages of certain free-ranging bottlenose dolphins. C1 [Rehtanz, Manuela; Bossart, Gregory D.] Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ctr Coastal Res Marine Mammal Res & Conservat, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Rehtanz, Manuela; Ghim, Shin-je; Jenson, Alfred B.] Univ Louisville, James Graham Brown Canc Ctr, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. [McFee, Wayne; Fair, Patricia A.] Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Doescher, Bethany] Sea Life Pk, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. [Lacave, Geraldine] Marine Mammal Vet Serv, B-8310 Assebroek Brugge, Belgium. [Lacave, Geraldine] Mundo Aquat, Zoomarine, P-8200 Albufeira, Portugal. [Reif, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Rehtanz, M (reprint author), NYU, Dept Basic Sci, 345 E 24th St,921 D, New York, NY 10010 USA. EM Manuela.Rehtanz@gmx.de NR 37 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 46 IS 1 BP 136 EP 145 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 548JE UT WOS:000273957100014 PM 20090026 ER PT J AU Burdett, LG Osborne, CA AF Burdett, Leslie G. Osborne, Carl A. TI Enterolith with a Stingray Spine Nidus in an Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bottlenose dolphin; calcium phosphate; enterolith; magnesium ammonium phosphate; stingray spine; Tursiops truncatus ID VAGINAL CALCULI AB In March 2006, a dead, male bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) vas found in the salt marsh in Charleston, South Carolina, United States. During necropsy, an enterolith was found completely obstructing the intestinal lumen. Further examination of the enterolith revealed a stingray spine nidus. Most terrestrial enteroliths are composed primarily of struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate); however, the majority of the enterolith discovered in the stranded dolphin was composed of calcium phosphate carbonate. This case provides an interesting comparison of the variation in the mineral composition between terrestrial and marine enteroliths. C1 [Burdett, Leslie G.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Osborne, Carl A.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Minnesota Urolith Ctr, Dept Vet Clin Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Burdett, LG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Leslie.Burdett@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 46 IS 1 BP 311 EP 315 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 548JE UT WOS:000273957100039 PM 20090051 ER PT J AU Atencia, J Cooksey, GA Jahn, A Zook, JM Vreeland, WN Locascio, LE AF Atencia, Javier Cooksey, Gregory A. Jahn, Andreas Zook, Justin M. Vreeland, Wyatt N. Locascio, Laurie E. TI Magnetic connectors for microfluidic applications SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB We present a new type of microfluidic connector that employs a ring magnet on one side of the microfluidic chip and a disc magnet on the other side to produce a sealed connection between external tubing and inlets or outlets of microfluidic devices. The connectors are low-cost, simple to use and assemble, and reusable. We used numerical (finite element) simulations in order to optimize their geometry. Configurations that achieve interfacial forces in the range of 2 N to 15 N are discussed. Several types of gasket materials were explored. Finally, we demonstrate an application of these connectors in a microfluidic device used to generate liposomes. C1 [Atencia, Javier; Cooksey, Gregory A.; Jahn, Andreas; Zook, Justin M.; Vreeland, Wyatt N.; Locascio, Laurie E.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20817 USA. RP Atencia, J (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20817 USA. EM javier.atencia@nist.gov RI Atencia, Javier/K-8613-2012; Zook, Justin/B-7000-2008 OI Zook, Justin/0000-0003-2309-8402 FU National Research Council FX GAC and JMZ acknowledge postdoctoral fellowships from the National Research Council. Research was performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. We are grateful to Dr Ronald Tosh for providing access to the simulation software and to Dr Martin Misakian for help on measuring magnetic fields. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2010 VL 10 IS 2 BP 246 EP 249 DI 10.1039/b913331c PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 536IM UT WOS:000273038100014 PM 20066254 ER PT J AU Munson, MS Spotts, JM Niemisto, A Selinummi, J Kralj, JG Salit, ML Ozinsky, A AF Munson, Matthew S. Spotts, James M. Niemistoe, Antti Selinummi, Jyrki Kralj, Jason G. Salit, Marc L. Ozinsky, Adrian TI Image-based feedback control for real-time sorting of microspheres in a microfluidic device SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED CELL SORTER; PROTEIN CRYSTALLIZATION; NANOLITER PLUGS; SYSTEM; INTEGRATION; PARTICLES; EVOLUTION; CULTURE; CHIP AB We describe a control system to automatically distribute antibody-functionalized beads to addressable assay chambers within a PDMS microfluidic device. The system used real-time image acquisition and processing to manage the valve states required to sort beads with unit precision. The image processing component of the control system correctly counted the number of beads in 99.81% of images (2689 of 2694), with only four instances of an incorrect number of beads being sorted to an assay chamber, and one instance of inaccurately counted beads being improperly delivered to waste. Post-experimental refinement of the counting script resulted in one counting error in 2694 images of beads (99.96% accuracy). We analyzed a range of operational variables (flow pressure, bead concentration, etc.) using a statistical model to characterize those that yielded optimal sorting speed and efficiency. The integrated device was able to capture, count, and deliver beads at a rate of approximately four per minute so that bead arrays could be assembled in 32 individually addressable assay chambers for eight analytical measurements in duplicate (512 beads total) within 2.5 hours. This functionality demonstrates the successful integration of a robust control system with precision bead handling that is the enabling technology for future development of a highly multiplexed bead-based analytical device. C1 [Munson, Matthew S.; Kralj, Jason G.; Salit, Marc L.; Ozinsky, Adrian] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Spotts, James M.; Niemistoe, Antti; Selinummi, Jyrki; Ozinsky, Adrian] Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Niemistoe, Antti; Selinummi, Jyrki] Tampere Univ Technol, Dept Signal Proc, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland. RP Ozinsky, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM aozinsky@systemsbiology.org FU NIST [60NANB10D006]; NIH/NIGMS [P50GM076547]; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine; University of Luxembourg FX The authors thank Julie A. Kerns for help in preparing the manuscript and figures, and Laurie E. Locascio for enabling and supporting the collaboration between ISB and NIST researchers. This work was supported by grants from NIST 60NANB10D006, NIH/NIGMS P50GM076547, and the Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine and the University of Luxembourg. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2010 VL 10 IS 18 BP 2402 EP 2410 DI 10.1039/c004708b PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 642PC UT WOS:000281227300014 PM 20593069 ER PT J AU Stavis, SM Geist, J Gaitan, M AF Stavis, Samuel M. Geist, Jon Gaitan, Michael TI Separation and metrology of nanoparticles by nanofluidic size exclusion SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID DETERMINISTIC LATERAL DISPLACEMENT; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLE-SIZE; MANIPULATION; SHAPE; ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; FRACTIONATION; PURIFICATION; NANOCHANNELS AB A nanofluidic technology for the on-chip size separation and metrology of nanoparticles is demonstrated. A nanofluidic channel was engineered with a depth profile approximated by a staircase function. Numerous stepped reductions in channel depth were used to separate a bimodal mixture of nanoparticles by nanofluidic size exclusion. Epifluorescence microscopy was used to map the size exclusion positions of individual nanoparticles to corresponding channel depths, enabling measurement of the nanoparticle size distributions and validation of the size separation mechanism. C1 [Stavis, Samuel M.; Geist, Jon; Gaitan, Michael] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stavis, SM (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8120, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sstavis@nist.gov; jon.geist@nist.gov; gaitan@nist.gov OI Geist, Jon/0000-0001-7749-318X FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); National Science Foundation FX This research was performed while S.M.S. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Device fabrication was performed at the Cornell Nanoscale Science and Technology Facility (CNF), a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, and the Cornell Center for Materials Research, both supported by the National Science Foundation. Device characterization was performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. The authors gratefully acknowledge the CNF staff for assistance with device fabrication and Brian J. Nablo and Elizabeth A. Strychalski for helpful discussions. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 36 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2010 VL 10 IS 19 BP 2618 EP 2621 DI 10.1039/c0lc00029a PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 647JN UT WOS:000281614900020 PM 20714640 ER PT J AU Christopher, GF Yoo, JM Dagalakis, N Hudson, SD Migler, KB AF Christopher, Gordon F. Yoo, Jae Myung Dagalakis, Nicholas Hudson, Steven D. Migler, Kalman B. TI Development of a MEMS based dynamic rheometer SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID POLY(DIMETHYL SILOXANE) GEL; BUCKLING-BASED METROLOGY; COMPLEX FLUIDS; VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR; ELASTIC-MODULI; CROSS-LINKING; PART I; MICRORHEOLOGY; POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE; INDENTATION AB Rheological methods that interrogate nanolitre scale volumes of fluids and solids have advanced considerably over the past decade, yet there remains a need for methods that probe the frequency-dependent complex rheological moduli through application of homogenous strain fields. Here we describe a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) based approach for the measurement of dynamic rheology of soft matter where oscillatory strain is produced in a sample sandwiched between an oscillating MEMS stage and a glass plate. The resulting stress-strain relationships are revealed by measurement and analysis of the stage motion. We present preliminary data on simple viscous fluids and on viscoelastic thin films. In this proof-of-principle device, we measure moduli in the range of 50 Pa to 10 kPa over a range of 3 rad s(-1) to 3000 rad s(-1) using less than 5 nL of sample material. The device's measurement window is limited primarily by our current ability to measure the motion of the stage. This device will provide a new way to characterize dynamic microrheology of an array of novel materials and will prove useful in a number of areas including biorheology, microfluidics and polymer thin films. C1 [Christopher, Gordon F.; Hudson, Steven D.; Migler, Kalman B.] NIST, Complex Fluids Grp, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yoo, Jae Myung; Dagalakis, Nicholas] NIST, Syst Integrat Grp, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Christopher, GF (reprint author), NIST, Complex Fluids Grp, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gchris@nist.gov; shudson@nist.gov; kmigler@nist.gov NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2010 VL 10 IS 20 BP 2749 EP 2757 DI 10.1039/c005065b PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 656FZ UT WOS:000282314200015 PM 20820483 ER PT J AU Ekinci, KL Yakhot, V Rajauria, S Colosqui, C Karabacak, DM AF Ekinci, K. L. Yakhot, V. Rajauria, S. Colosqui, C. Karabacak, D. M. TI High-frequency nanofluidics: a universal formulation of the fluid dynamics of MEMS and NEMS SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Review ID ENTIRE KNUDSEN REGIME; NANOELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS; NANOMECHANICAL RESONATORS; MASS DETECTION; ELECTROMECHANICAL RESONATORS; FORCE MICROSCOPE; CANTILEVER ARRAY; KINETIC-THEORY; FLOWS; RESONANCE AB A solid body undergoing oscillatory motion in a fluid generates an oscillating flow. Oscillating flows in Newtonian fluids were first treated by G. G. Stokes in 1851. Since then, this problem has attracted much attention, mostly due to its technological significance. Recent advances in micro-and nanotechnology require that this problem be revisited: miniaturized mechanical resonators with linear dimensions in microns and sub-microns-microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), respectively-give rise to oscillating flows when operated in fluids. Yet flow parameters for these devices, such as the characteristic flow time and length scales, may deviate greatly from those in Stokes' solution. As a result, new and interesting physics emerges with important consequences to device applications. In this review, we shall provide an introduction to this area of fluid dynamics, called high-frequency nanofluidics, with emphasis on both theory and experiments. C1 [Ekinci, K. L.; Yakhot, V.; Colosqui, C.; Karabacak, D. M.] Boston Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Ekinci, K. L.; Rajauria, S.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Colosqui, C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Karabacak, D. M.] IMEC, Holst Ctr, NL-5656 AE Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP Ekinci, KL (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM ekinci@bu.edu RI Ekinci, Kamil/A-1215-2009; Karabacak, Devrez/B-8467-2009 FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [CBET-0755927, CMMI-0970071, ECCS-0643178]; CNST NIST FX The authors acknowledge support from the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) through the Grants CBET-0755927, CMMI-0970071 (K. L. E., V.Y. and C. C.) and ECCS-0643178 (K. L. E.). S. R. was supported by CNST NIST. NR 87 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2010 VL 10 IS 22 BP 3013 EP 3025 DI 10.1039/c003770m PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 672QC UT WOS:000283600900001 PM 20862440 ER PT J AU Ross, D Shackman, JG Kralj, JG Atencia, J AF Ross, David Shackman, Jonathan G. Kralj, Jason G. Atencia, Javier TI 2D separations on a 1D chip: gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis-chiral capillary zone electrophoresis SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID MARS ORGANIC ANALYZER; MULTIDIMENSIONAL LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; 2-DIMENSIONAL PROTEIN SEPARATION; SULFATE GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; CHANNEL CURRENT DETECTION; MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES; AMINO-ACIDS; EXTRATERRESTRIAL EXPLORATION; BIOMARKER DETECTION; MICROCHIP AB A new method is described for two-dimensional (2D) separations using a microfluidic chip normally employed for single dimension electrophoresis. The method employs a combination of gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis (GEMBE) and chiral capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The simplicity of the first dimension GEMBE method enables its implementation in the injection channel of a conventional electrophoresis chip, simplifying the design and operation of the device. The method was used for high resolution 2D chiral separations of a mixture of amino acids considered as possible signatures of extant or extinct life for solar system exploration. The enantiomers of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, alanine, and valine were all resolved as well as glycine (achiral) and several unidentified impurities, giving an estimated peak capacity of 35 for the region between valine and glycine. The results highlight the need for high peak capacity separations for chiral amino acid analysis if accurate enantiomeric ratios are to be determined. C1 [Ross, David; Shackman, Jonathan G.; Kralj, Jason G.; Atencia, Javier] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ross, D (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.ross@nist.gov RI Atencia, Javier/K-8613-2012 FU NASA [NNH06AE121] FX This research was supported by the NASA Astrobiology Science and Technology Instrument Development (ASTID) program grant number NNH06AE121. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2010 VL 10 IS 22 BP 3139 EP 3148 DI 10.1039/c004819d PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 672QC UT WOS:000283600900015 PM 20886128 ER PT B AU Itano, WM Bergquist, JC Rosenband, T Wineland, DJ Hume, D Chou, CW Jefferts, SR Heavner, TP Parker, TE Diddams, SA Fortier, TM AF Itano, W. M. Bergquist, J. C. Rosenband, T. Wineland, D. J. Hume, D. Chou, C. -W. Jefferts, S. R. Heavner, T. P. Parker, T. E. Diddams, S. A. Fortier, T. M. BE Katori, H Yoneda, H Nakagawa, K Shimizu, F TI FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS OF Al(+) AND Hg(+) OPTICAL STANDARDS SO LASER SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Laser Spectroscopy CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Kussharo, JAPAN SP Adv Photon Sci Alliance, Univ Electro Commun, Univ Tokyo, Global Ctr Excellence Phys Sci Frontier, Matsuo Res Fdn, IOP Journal Phys B Atom, Mol & Opt Phys, Thorlab Japan, Sigma Koki, OptoSigma, Indeco, Sunplus Trading, Lockheed Martin Aculight DE aluminum ion; mercury ion; optical frequency standards; time variation of fundamental constants; trapped ion frequency standards ID FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS; FEMTOSECOND LASER; ELECTRON ATOMS; TIME-VARIATION; CLOCK; ION; SPECTROSCOPY; HG-199(+); ABSORPTION; MICROWAVE AB Frequency standards based on narrow optical transitions in (27)Al(+) and (199)Hg+ ions have been developed at NIST. Both standards have absolute reproducibilities of a few parts in 10(17). This is about an order of magnitude better than the fractional uncertainty of the SI second, which is based on the (133)Cs hyperfine frequency. Use of femtosecond laser frequency combs makes it possible to compare the optical frequency standards to microwave frequency standards or to each other. The ratio of the Al(+) and Hg(+) frequencies can be measured more accurately than the reproducibility of the primary cesium frequency standards. Frequency measurements made over time can be used to set limits on the time variation of fundamental constants, such as the fine structure constant Cl or the quark masses. C1 [Itano, W. M.; Bergquist, J. C.; Rosenband, T.; Wineland, D. J.; Hume, D.; Chou, C. -W.; Jefferts, S. R.; Heavner, T. P.; Parker, T. E.; Diddams, S. A.; Fortier, T. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Itano, WM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM itano@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4282-33-8 PY 2010 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1142/9789814282345_0011 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQB27 UT WOS:000280551900011 ER PT B AU Ye, J Jin, DS AF Ye, Jun Jin, Deborah S. BE Katori, H Yoneda, H Nakagawa, K Shimizu, F TI POLAR MOLECULES NEAR QUANTUM DEGENERACY SO LASER SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Laser Spectroscopy CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Kussharo, JAPAN SP Adv Photon Sci Alliance, Univ Electro Commun, Univ Tokyo, Global Ctr Excellence Phys Sci Frontier, Matsuo Res Fdn, IOP Journal Phys B Atom, Mol & Opt Phys, Thorlab Japan, Sigma Koki, OptoSigma, Indeco, Sunplus Trading, Lockheed Martin Aculight AB The advent of a quantum degenerate gas of ground-state polar molecules opens the door to a wide range of scientific explorations. Novel molecular interactions, quantum-controlled chemical reactions, exotic phase transitions and strongly correlated states of matter are among a few prominent examples to be studied. We discuss recent experimental progresses at JILA, including the production of a high-density gas of ultracold KRb polar molecules in their absolute rovibrational ground state, coherent manipulations of the nuclear spin degrees of freedom, observations of barrier-less chemical reactions with the associated rates controlled by pure long-range, quantum mechanical effects, and control of inelastic and elastic collision cross sections via the tuning of the molecular dipole moment. C1 [Ye, Jun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ye, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Ye@jila.colorado.edu; Jin@jilau1.colorado.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4282-33-8 PY 2010 BP 247 EP 255 DI 10.1142/9789814282345_0023 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQB27 UT WOS:000280551900023 ER PT J AU McNamee, P Dang, HT Simpson, H Schone, P Strassel, SM AF McNamee, Paul Hoa Trang Dang Simpson, Heather Schone, Patrick Strassel, Stephanie M. BE Calzolari, N Choukri, K Maegaard, B Mariani, J Odijk, J Piperidis, S Rosner, M Tapias, D TI An Evaluation of Technologies for Knowledge Base Population SO LREC 2010 - SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LANGUAGE RESOURCES AND EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC) CY MAY 17-23, 2010 CL Valletta, MALTA SP CELI Language & Informat Technol, European Media Lab GmBH, Quaero, META AB Previous content extraction evaluations have neglected to address problems which complicate the incorporation of extracted information into an existing knowledge base. Previous question answering evaluations have likewise avoided tasks such as explicit disambiguation of target entities and handling a fixed set of questions about entities without previous determination of possible answers. In 2009 NIST conducted a Knowledge Base Population track at its Text Analysis Conference to unite the content extraction and question answering communities and jointly explore some of these issues. This exciting new evaluation attracted 13 teams from 6 countries that submitted results in two tasks, Entity Linking and Slot Filling. This paper explains the motivation and design of the tasks, describes the language resources that were developed for this evaluation, offers comparisons to previous community evaluations, and briefly summarizes the performance obtained by systems. We also identify relevant issues pertaining to target selection, challenging queries, and performance measures. C1 [McNamee, Paul] Johns Hopkins Univ, Human Language Technol Ctr Excellence, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Hoa Trang Dang] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Simpson, Heather; Strassel, Stephanie M.] Univ Penn, Linguist Data Consortium, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Schone, Patrick] US Dept Def, Baltimore, MD USA. RP McNamee, P (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Human Language Technol Ctr Excellence, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM paul.mcnamee@jhuapl.edu; hoa.dang@nist.gov; hsimpson@ldc.upenn.edu; pjschon@tycho.ncsc.mil; strassel@ldc.upenn.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN LANGUAGE RESOURCES ASSOC-ELRA PI PARIS PA 55-57, RUE BRILLAT-SAVARIN, PARIS, 75013, FRANCE BN 978-2-9517408-6-0 PY 2010 PG 4 WC Language & Linguistics SC Linguistics GA BC9TU UT WOS:000356879505024 ER PT J AU McNamee, P Dang, H Simpson, H Schone, P Strassel, S AF McNamee, Paul Dang, Hoa Simpson, Heather Schone, Patrick Strassel, Stephanie BE Calzolari, N Choukri, K Maegaard, B Mariani, J Odijk, J Piperidis, S Rosner, M Tapias, D TI An Evaluation of Technologies for Knowledge Base Population 19 May 2010 SO LREC 2010 - SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LANGUAGE RESOURCES AND EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC) CY MAY 17-23, 2010 CL Valletta, MALTA SP CELI Language & Informat Technol, European Media Lab GmBH, Quaero, META C1 [McNamee, Paul] JHU, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Dang, Hoa] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Schone, Patrick] DoD, Washington, DC USA. RP McNamee, P (reprint author), JHU, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN LANGUAGE RESOURCES ASSOC-ELRA PI PARIS PA 55-57, RUE BRILLAT-SAVARIN, PARIS, 75013, FRANCE BN 978-2-9517408-6-0 PY 2010 PG 29 WC Language & Linguistics SC Linguistics GA BC9TU UT WOS:000356879503034 ER PT J AU Ivashchenko, Y Clapham, P AF Ivashchenko, Yulia Clapham, Phillip TI Bowhead whales Balaena mysticetus in the Okhotsk Sea SO MAMMAL REVIEW LA English DT Review DE abundance; Balaena mysticetus; bowhead whale; distribution; illegal whaling; marine mammal surveys; Okhotsk Sea; whaling ID CLASS SEGREGATION; SIZE-CLASS; DOLPHINS; PACIFIC; OCEAN; BAY; AGE AB 1. Little is known about the endangered population of bowhead whales Balaena mysticetus in the Okhotsk Sea (OS). Here, we review existing information about this stock, including much material published in Russian. 2. Whaling for OS bowheads began around 1846, was pursued intensively for two decades and continued sporadically until about 1913. Beginning in 1967, whalers from the USSR killed bowheads illegally, although the number of whales taken remains unknown. Estimates of the pre-exploitation population size have ranged from 3000 to 20000 whales, but all such estimates are based upon untested assumptions and incomplete data. 3. Information on historical and current distribution of bowheads comes from whaling records (notably Townsend 1935) and from modern (notably Russian/Soviet) marine mammal surveys. Little is known about winter distribution. During spring and summer, known bowhead concentrations occur in Shelikhov Bay and at Shantar. Although historical whaling data show bowheads in Shelikhov Bay during summer and early autumn, there have been no recent sightings later than June. However, extensive 19th century catches were made over much of the northern OS, and the present range and habitat use of the population is probably broader than existing data suggest. There is evidence for age or maturational class segregation between Shantar and Shelikhov Bay; the former hosts immature whales and lactating females, and the latter hosts adults. 4. Genetic data indicate that the OS bowhead stock is separate from the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort population, but that the two populations share a common ancestry. There is no evidence that bowheads ever leave the OS. 5. Russian observers have put the current size of the OS stock in the low hundreds, but this is not based on quantitative analysis. Overall, the OS bowhead population is very likely to be relatively small; it did not recover from the intensive whaling in the 19th century, and the illegal Soviet catches of the 1960s have further set back its recovery. Dedicated surveys and other research are required to assess the status and conservation needs of the population. C1 [Ivashchenko, Yulia] So Cross Univ, Whale Res Ctr, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia. [Clapham, Phillip] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98144 USA. RP Ivashchenko, Y (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM yulia.ivashchenko@noaa.gov; phillip.clapham@noaa.gov FU U.S. Marine Mammal Commission FX We thank Kim Shelden for graphics help, and Craig George for illuminating discussions about 'bunchback' whales. We also thank Gillian Woolmer and the Wildlife Conservation Society for making digitized copies of Townsend's (1935) whale charts available. The paper was improved by thoughtful comments from Randy Reeves, Bob Brownell and John Durban. This review was supported in part by a contract from the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission. NR 82 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-1838 EI 1365-2907 J9 MAMMAL REV JI Mammal Rev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 40 IS 1 BP 65 EP 89 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2907.2009.00152.x PG 25 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 543US UT WOS:000273604900003 ER PT J AU Rodgveller, CJ Clausen, DM Nagler, JJ Hutchinson, C AF Rodgveller, C. J. Clausen, D. M. Nagler, J. J. Hutchinson, C. TI Reproductive Characteristics and Mortality of Female Giant Grenadiers in the Northern Pacific Ocean SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB Giant grenadiers Albatrossia pectoralis are caught as bycatch in deep-sea commercial fisheries in relatively large numbers. The population appears to be stable, although there is no directed fishery, catch limits, or reporting requirements. The purpose of our study was to describe and quantify the reproductive life history characteristics and natural mortality of female giant grenadiers. During the summers of 2004 and 2006, a total of 338 specimens were collected from the Gulf of Alaska. Every phase of reproductive development was found, suggesting a protracted annual spawning season. An ovarian wall thickness technique was used to successfully place 31% (n = 24) of the fish with an unknown maturity status into a known category. Female age at 50% maturity was 22.9 years, and preanal fin length at 50% maturity was 26 cm. Total fecundity ranged from 35,000 to 231,000 oocytes (mean = 106,761), with a mean mature oocyte diameter of 1.26 mm. We developed a new technique for preparing otoliths for age determination by grinding off the distal surface to elucidate the growth zones; age ranged from 14 to 58 years. Estimates of natural female mortality ranged from 0.052 to 0.079 and estimates of total female mortality from 0.061 to 0.149. This life history information will be essential for future management of giant grenadier populations in the North Pacific Ocean. C1 [Rodgveller, C. J.; Clausen, D. M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK USA. [Nagler, J. J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Nagler, J. J.] Univ Idaho, Ctr Reprod Biol, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Hutchinson, C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rodgveller, CJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK USA. EM cara.rodgveller@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 73 EP 82 DI 10.1577/C09-028.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PW UT WOS:000208152900006 ER PT J AU Rose, KA Allen, JI Artioli, Y Barange, M Blackford, J Carlotti, F Cropp, R Daewel, U Edwards, K Flynn, K Hill, SL HilleRisLambers, R Huse, G Mackinson, S Megrey, B Moll, A Rivkin, R Salihoglu, B Schrum, C Shannon, L Shin, YJ Smith, SL Smith, C Solidoro, C St John, M Zhou, M AF Rose, Kenneth A. Allen, J. Icarus Artioli, Yuri Barange, Manuel Blackford, Jerry Carlotti, Francois Cropp, Roger Daewel, Ute Edwards, Karen Flynn, Kevin Hill, Simeon L. HilleRisLambers, Reinier Huse, Geir Mackinson, Steven Megrey, Bernard Moll, Andreas Rivkin, Richard Salihoglu, Baris Schrum, Corinna Shannon, Lynne Shin, Yunne-Jai Smith, S. Lan Smith, Chris Solidoro, Cosimo St John, Michael Zhou, Meng TI End-To-End Models for the Analysis of Marine Ecosystems: Challenges, Issues, and Next Steps SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB There is growing interest in models of marine ecosystems that deal with the effects of climate change through the higher trophic levels. Such end-to-end models combine physicochemical oceanographic descriptors and organisms ranging from microbes to higher-trophic-level (HTL) organisms, including humans, in a single modeling framework. The demand for such approaches arises from the need for quantitative tools for ecosystem-based management, particularly models that can deal with bottom-up and top-down controls that operate simultaneously and vary in time and space and that are capable of handling the multiple impacts expected under climate change. End-to-end models are now feasible because of improvements in the component submodels and the availability of sufficient computing power. We discuss nine issues related to the development of end-to-end models. These issues relate to formulation of the zooplankton submodel, melding of multiple temporal and spatial scales, acclimation and adaptation, behavioral movement, software and technology, model coupling, skill assessment, and interdisciplinary challenges. We urge restraint in using end-to-end models in a true forecasting mode until we know more about their performance. End-to-end models will challenge the available data and our ability to analyze and interpret complicated models that generate complex behavior. End-to-end modeling is in its early developmental stages and thus presents an opportunity to establish an open-access, community-based approach supported by a suite of true interdisciplinary efforts. C1 [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Allen, J. Icarus; Artioli, Yuri; Barange, Manuel; Blackford, Jerry] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Carlotti, Francois] Univ Mediterranee, CNRS, Lab Oceanog Phys & Biogeochim, Unite Mixte Rech 6535, F-13288 Marseille 09, France. [Cropp, Roger] Griffith Univ, Griffith Sch Environm, Atmospher Environm Res Ctr, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. [Daewel, Ute] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Edwards, Karen] Natl Ctr Ocean Forecasting, Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Flynn, Kevin] Swansea Univ, Dept Pure & Appl Ecol, Inst Environm Sustainabil, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Hill, Simeon L.] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [HilleRisLambers, Reinier] Wageningen Inst Marine Resources & Ecosyst Studie, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands. [Huse, Geir] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Mackinson, Steven] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. [Megrey, Bernard] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Moll, Andreas] Univ Hamburg, Ctr Marine & Atmospher Res, Inst Meereskunde, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Rivkin, Richard] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Ctr Ocean Sci, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. [Salihoglu, Baris] Middle E Tech Univ, Inst Marine Sci, Erdemli, Turkey. [Schrum, Corinna] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Shannon, Lynne] Univ Cape Town, Marine Res Inst, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [Shannon, Lynne] Univ Cape Town, Dept Zool, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [Shin, Yunne-Jai] Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneenne & Trop, Inst Rech Dev, Unite Mixte Rech 212, F-34203 Sete, France. [Smith, S. Lan] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Smith, Chris] Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Inst Marine Biol Resources, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. [Solidoro, Cosimo] Ist Nazl Oceanog & Geofis Sperimentale, Dept Oceanog, I-34010 Sgonico, Italy. [St John, Michael] Univ Hamburg, Inst Hydrobiol & Fishery Sci, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. [Zhou, Meng] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Earth & Ocean Sci, Boston, MA 02125 USA. RP Rose, KA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM karose@lsu.edu RI Shin, Yunne-Jai/A-7575-2012; Smith, S./D-2493-2012; Simeon, Hill/B-2307-2008; Shannon, Lynne/A-1612-2015; Cropp, Roger/C-1019-2008; Artioli, Yuri/J-1524-2015; Barange, Manuel/D-2689-2016; Salihoglu, Baris/D-1376-2010; OI Flynn, Kevin/0000-0001-6913-5884; St John, Michael/0000-0002-5593-7488; Shin, Yunne-Jai/0000-0002-7259-9265; Smith, S./0000-0002-2338-5893; Shannon, Lynne/0000-0001-7842-0636; Cropp, Roger/0000-0001-9582-857X; Artioli, Yuri/0000-0002-5498-4223; Barange, Manuel/0000-0002-1508-0483; Salihoglu, Baris/0000-0002-7510-7713; solidoro, cosimo/0000-0003-2354-4302 FU UK Natural Environment Research Council; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (CSCOR) [NA06NOS4780131]; University of Texas; NOAA [NA09NMF4720183] FX This paper resulted from discussions at a workshop entitled "Bridging the Gap between Lower and Higher Trophic Levels" held February 10-12, 2009, in Plymouth, England, and led by J. I. Allen. The workshop was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council International Opportunities Fund through the Advances in Marine Ecosystem Modeling Research program. We wish to acknowledge the following participants in the workshop, who contributed to the free-flowing discussions that made it a success: M. N. Aita, J. Aldridge, J. Beecham, M. Bunke, M. Butenschon, A. Christensen, K. Edwards, I. Grigorov, J. Heard, T. Hirata, W. Kuhn, V. Lauria, P. Licandro, K. Lygre, N. Mountford, L. Polimene, A. Rajan, E. Ramirez, A. Samuelsen, K. Tsiaras, S. van Leeuwen, and M. Zavatarelli. The participation of B. Megrey in preparing this paper is noted as research contribution EcoFOCI-0729 to NOAA's Ecosystem and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. Preparation of this paper by K.A.R. was partially supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (CSCOR) NGOMEX06 grant NA06NOS4780131 awarded to the University of Texas and by NOAA grant NA09NMF4720183 awarded to Rutgers University as part of the Comparative Analysis of Marine System Organization program. This is publication 127 of NOAA's CSCOR NGOMEX06 program. NR 144 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 3 U2 70 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 115 EP 130 DI 10.1577/C09-059.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PW UT WOS:000208152900009 ER PT J AU Shepard, KE Patterson, WF DeVries, DA AF Shepard, Katherine E. Patterson, William F., III DeVries, Douglas A. TI Trends in Atlantic Contribution to Mixed-Stock King Mackerel Landings in South Florida Inferred from Otolith Shape Analysis SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB The Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico (GOM) stocks of king mackerel Scomberomorus cavalla are genetically distinct but have overlapping winter ranges around South Florida. Understanding the factors driving the relative contribution of each stock to South Florida winter landings is necessary for effective management. The contribution of the Atlantic stock was estimated for the 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 fishing seasons using otolith shape as a natural tag. Analysis of otolith shapes from king mackerel sampled in summer (when the Atlantic and GOM stocks were presumed to be geographically separated) revealed significant sex and stock effects. Discriminant function analysis conducted with otolith morphometric indices and Fourier harmonic amplitudes as classification variables produced jackknifed classification success rates ranging from 60% to 73%. Maximum likelihood estimates of the Atlantic stock's contribution to winter landings indicated that there was a spatial gradient, the lowest contribution (mean 25%) occurring off southwestern Florida and the highest (mean = 48%) off southeastern Florida. Estimates of the Atlantic stock's contribution to the easternmost zone increased from December through March, possibly reflecting the northward spring migration of both stocks. A comparison of contemporary and historic estimates dating back to the 1996-1997 fishing season revealed evidence of a long-term increase in the GOM stock's contribution, which may be driven by a dramatic increase in the size of the GOM stock and a gradual decline in that of the Atlantic stock over the time period considered. C1 [Shepard, Katherine E.; Patterson, William F., III] Univ W Florida, Dept Biol, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. [DeVries, Douglas A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Shepard, KE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Energy Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM kshepa3@tigers.lsu.edu FU National Marine Fisheries Service [NA06NMF4540060] FX We thank the National Marine Fisheries Service Cooperative Research Program for funding (grant NA06NMF4540060 to W.F.P. and D.A.D.); Captains Jeff Thierry and Ben Hartig for collecting samples in the Atlantic Ocean off the southern USA and Gulf of Mexico; Bill Walling and Steve Garner for collecting summer samples off northwest Florida; Alonzo Hamilton, Walter Ingram, and Kim Johnson for sampling undersized fish onboard National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries resource surveys; Claudia Dennis, Michelle Gamby, and Ed Little for aid in collecting winter fish off southern Florida; and the numerous seafood dealers, charter boat captains, and recreational anglers who allowed us to sample their catch. I would also like to thank Chris Palmer and Carrie Fioramonti for assistance in aging, and Mike Prager for coding S-Plus models. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 195 EP 204 DI 10.1577/C09-014.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PW UT WOS:000208152900014 ER PT J AU Haas, HL AF Haas, Heather L. TI Using Observed Interactions between Sea Turtles and Commercial Bottom-Trawling Vessels to Evaluate the Conservation Value of Trawl Gear Modifications SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB The bycatch of sea turtles (order Testudines) in bottom-trawl fisheries is an important conservation issue currently being addressed by the U. S. National Marine Fisheries Service and its stakeholders. The agency is considering the implementation of new sea turtle conservation regulations in several mid-Atlantic trawl fisheries, including the expanded use of turtle excluder devices (TEDs). The characteristics of observed sea turtle bycatch are used to calculate four conservation metrics. The lowest- level metric is simple to calculate but not informative of population impacts because it does not adequately incorporate the magnitude and demographics of the affected population. The highest-level metric incorporates both magnitude and demographics and is therefore more difficult to calculate but also more informative. Five size categories of turtles were evaluated with respect to the protection afforded by various TED configurations, and the conservation value of 12 bycatch mitigation alternatives was estimated using each of the four conservation metrics. The most informative metric was adult-equivalent bycatch mortality. A TED with a large escape opening had the highest estimated conservation value for loggerheads Caretta caretta. Up to 66 more adult-equivalent loggerheads were estimated to be protected by the large opening than by the standard opening. A similar number could be protected by extending TED use north of 37 degrees N. The number of adult-equivalent loggerheads estimated to be protected by standard and wide-bar spacing is nearly the same. The percentage of encountered turtles caught in trawls is not an adequate proxy for the number of adult-equivalent mortalities caused by the fishery. Evaluating sea turtle bycatch using adult-equivalent mortalities facilitates comparisons across disparate bycatch mitigation alternatives and provides a meaningful way to assess the efficacy of bycatch mitigation alternatives for the recovery of sea turtle populations. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02540 USA. RP Haas, HL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02540 USA. EM heather.haas@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 263 EP 276 DI 10.1577/C09-013.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PW UT WOS:000208152900019 ER PT J AU Slacum, HW Burton, WH Methratta, ET Weber, ED Llanso, RJ Dew-Baxter, J AF Slacum, H. Ward, Jr. Burton, William H. Methratta, Elizabeth T. Weber, Edward D. Llanso, Roberto J. Dew-Baxter, Jodi TI Assemblage Structure in Shoal and Flat-Bottom Habitats on the Inner Continental Shelf of the Middle Atlantic Bight, USA SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB Sand shoals provide both a potentially unique habitat resource for marine organisms and a source of sand for the replenishment of eroded beaches. Sand removal may negatively influence marine communities, so understanding how marine fauna utilize habitats at and around shoals would provide much-needed guidance in selecting sites for sand harvest. A 2-year study was conducted on the inner continental shelf of the Middle Atlantic Bight, U.S.A., to compare finfish and invertebrate assemblages at sand shoal and nearby flat-bottom habitats. Multiple sampling modalities were used to sample organisms across a range of sizes, living habits, and life history stages. There was a trend toward greater abundance, species richness, and species diversity in flat-bottom habitats than in shoal habitats, and all of these community measures were generally lower during winter than in spring, summer, or fall. Moreover, species groups, including pelagic finfish, pelagic invertebrates, benthic finfish, and benthic invertebrates, were all more abundant in the flat-bottom habitats. Particular species characterized each type of habitat and these associations varied with season. Sampling with a large commercial trawl indicated that shoal finfish assemblages were characterized by striped bass Morone saxatilis and little skate Leucoraja erinacea in the fall, by scup Stenostomus chrysops in the spring, and by American sand lance Ammodytes americanus, scup, and clearnose skate Raja eglanteria in the summer. Experimental trawl sampling, which targeted primarily smaller organisms, found that communities on shoals were characterized by gastropods in the winter, squid (class Cephalopoda), and right-handed hermit crabs (family Paguridae) in the spring, and right-handed hermit crabs and scup in the summer. Winter was the period of lowest finfish and invertebrate use of shoal habitat and thus would be the best time of year for dredging sand to minimize acute impacts. C1 [Slacum, H. Ward, Jr.; Burton, William H.; Methratta, Elizabeth T.; Llanso, Roberto J.; Dew-Baxter, Jodi] Versar, Ecol Sci & Applicat, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. [Weber, Edward D.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Slacum, HW (reprint author), Versar, Ecol Sci & Applicat, 9200 Rumsey Rd, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. EM wslacum@versar.com RI Weber, Edward/A-6986-2009 OI Weber, Edward/0000-0002-0942-434X FU U.S. Minerals Management Services; [MMS 1435-01-00-CT-85060] FX This project was supported by a contract awarded by the U.S. Minerals Management Services to Versar, Ecological Sciences and Applications (MMS 1435-01-00-CT-85060). We thank Bill Richkus and Jon Volstad for help in project development and design; Jeff Eustler and the crew of the Tony and Jan and Harold Martin and the crew of Leanna for their dedication to this project and valuable expertise; Bob Diaz and Janet Nestlrode for help with site evaluation; Ken Able for helpful discussion; David Wong for dedicated field work; and Carol Delisle, Kyle Hartman, Roger Amato, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 277 EP 298 DI 10.1577/C09-012.1 PG 22 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PW UT WOS:000208152900020 ER PT J AU McDermott, SF AF McDermott, Susanne F. TI Introduction to a Special Section: Atka Mackerel Distribution, Life History, Ecology, and Management SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP McDermott, SF (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM susanne.mcdermott@noaa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 304 EP 305 DI 10.1577/C10-038.1 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PW UT WOS:000208152900022 ER PT J AU Cooper, DW McDermott, SF Ianelli, JN AF Cooper, Daniel W. McDermott, Susanne F. Ianelli, James N. TI Spatial and Temporal Variability in Atka Mackerel Female Maturity at Length and Age SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB Spatial and temporal variability in maturity at length and maturity at age was examined for female Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius in the eastern and central Aleutian Islands of Alaska. Postovulatory follicles (POFs) were evaluated as a potential character to distinguish spent mature fish from immature fish. We estimated that POFs remain in the ovaries for approximately 1 month after spawning, therefore allowing us to include some collections of recently spent fish for maturity estimates. Maturity-atlength data varied significantly among geographic areas and years, whereas maturity-at-age data failed to indicate differences. These results are probably attributable to different growth rates between the areas. An age-based model was developed to account for differences in year-class strengths, and modeling results showed that length at maturity could vary by as much as 4 cm over time because of variable recruitment. Maturity in Atka mackerel seems to be determined more by age than by somatic body size. C1 [Cooper, Daniel W.; McDermott, Susanne F.; Ianelli, James N.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Cooper, DW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM dan.cooper@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 329 EP 338 DI 10.1577/C09-045.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PW UT WOS:000208152900024 ER PT J AU Rand, KM Beauchamp, DA Lowe, SA AF Rand, K. M. Beauchamp, D. A. Lowe, S. A. TI Longitudinal Growth Differences and the Influence of Diet Quality on Atka Mackerel of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska: Using a Bioenergetics Model to Explore Underlying Mechanisms SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius make up the single largest biomass of groundfish in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and are an important component of this marine ecosystem. Atka mackerel show a significant decrease in size from east to west. We compared fish from two study areas reflecting this size cline: Seguam Pass in the eastern Aleutians and Amchitka Island in the western Aleutians. At any given age, the Atka mackerel at the former location are larger than those at the latter (e.g., 5-year-old fish average 732 g and 39 cm fork length at Seguam Pass but only 575 g and 36 cm at Amchitka Island). Our objectives were to determine the mechanisms underlying the observed differences in growth, such as prey availability, prey quality, and thermal experience. We used a bioenergetics model to examine the effects of diet and temperature on growth. The model estimates of consumption fell within the range of those observed for Atka mackerel, suggesting that the model was an appropriate tool for exploring these effects. The results obtained with the model suggest that prey quality is the main factor in the observed size differences. At Seguam Pass Atka mackerel ate a more energetically rich diet consisting of euphausiids and fish, whereas at Amchitka Island copepods dominated the diet and there was little to no fish consumption. The model results also suggest that thermal experience contributed less to the observed differences in growth than did the composition of the diet. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the growth of Atka mackerel will improve predictions of biomass and yield within the framework of a dynamic ecosystem and a changing climate. C1 [Rand, K. M.; Lowe, S. A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Beauchamp, D. A.] Univ Washington, Washington Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Rand, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM kimberly.rand@noaa.gov NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 362 EP 374 DI 10.1577/C09-046.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PW UT WOS:000208152900026 ER PT J AU Canino, MF Spies, IB Lowe, SA Grant, WS AF Canino, M. F. Spies, I. B. Lowe, S. A. Grant, W. S. TI Highly Discordant Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Diversities in Atka Mackerel SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB Levels of neutral genetic diversity largely reflect effective population size (N-e), which is influenced by physical and biological environmental variables. While large populations of marine fishes generally harbor higher diversities than freshwater species, historical demography or the effects of natural selection may significantly reduce N-e and differentially affect genomic diversities. Here, we surveyed levels of genetic diversity and examined genetic structure among populations of the Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius across most of its geographic range by screening variation at nine nuclear microsatellite DNA markers (n = 745) and in a 468-base-pair segment of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (n = 119). Samples from Japan to the western Gulf of Alaska were collected between 2004 and 2006 at six locations, including temporal replicates at two sites. Microsatellite allele frequency homogeneity across the North Pacific indicated an apparent lack of genetic population substructure. While levels of polymorphism at microsatellite loci were typical for marine fishes (haplotype diversity h = 0.34-0.96), mtDNA control region diversity was extremely low (nucleotide diversity = 0.00007; h = 0.033). Only three mtDNA haplotypes, two occurring as singletons, were detected among 119 individuals. The strong contrast between microsatellite and mtDNA diversities appears to be due to the smaller N-e for mtDNA, perhaps resulting from population bottlenecks during postglacial colonizations of the central North Pacific or the effects of natural selection on mtDNA. C1 [Canino, M. F.; Spies, I. B.; Lowe, S. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Grant, W. S.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Grant, W. S.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Canino, MF (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mike.canino@noaa.gov NR 99 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 375 EP 387 DI 10.1577/C09-024.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PW UT WOS:000208152900027 ER PT J AU Canino, MF Spies, IB Guthridge, JL Hollowed, MM AF Canino, M. F. Spies, I. B. Guthridge, J. L. Hollowed, M. M. TI Genetic Assessment of the Mating System and Patterns of Egg Cannibalism in Atka Mackerel SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB The mating system and patterns of gender-specific egg cannibalism in Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius were examined through genetic parentage analysis of embryos in egg clutches produced in captive and wild populations. Like other hexagrammid fishes, Atka mackerel exhibit polygynandry, which is characterized by serial matings by both genders within a breeding season. Most matings in captivity were pairings of females with nest-attendant males, although parentage analysis of clutches produced in a small tank with limited nesting substrate revealed that 31% contained contributions by non-nest-guarding males. In contrast, all egg clutches produced in a large exhibit tank were sired by guardian males. Multiple parentage, sometimes involving both genders, was detected in 35% of egg clutches collected in the field or retrieved from the guts of adult male and female cannibals. Half-sib and unrelated full-sib embryos were found in several putative clutches, indicating that the reproductive output from multiple males and females may be combined sequentially and fused into a single clutch. These results suggested that nest takeovers, combined with alloparental care of existing broods, represent common reproductive tactics in males. Egg cannibalism is a significant seasonal factor in the diets of male and female Atka mackerel. Analysis of loose eggs and partial egg clutches ingested by 4 female and 15 male cannibals showed that nearly all conspecific predation represented heterocannibalism. One instance of partial filial cannibalism was documented in a male that was one of multiple sires for the clutch. C1 [Canino, M. F.; Spies, I. B.; Hollowed, M. M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Guthridge, J. L.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. RP Canino, MF (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mike.canino@noaa.gov NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 388 EP 398 DI 10.1577/C09-023.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PW UT WOS:000208152900028 ER PT J AU Lauth, RR Guthridge, JL Cooper, DW McEntire, SW AF Lauth, Robert R. Guthridge, Jared L. Cooper, Daniel W. McEntire, Scott W. TI Behavioral Ecology of Color Patterns in Atka Mackerel SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB The behavioral ecology of seasonal and ephemeral variations in color patterns of Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius was investigated and is discussed relative to alternative mating tactics, reproductive condition, social status, and predation risk. Breeding males underwent a conspicuous seasonal color change during the mating and brooding period, resulting in one of two nuptial phenotypes. Type I males held and defended territories inside nesting colonies and had a uniform yellow coloration with a golden hue across the head and dorsum. Type II males were nonterritorial, hovered above the nesting colony, and attempted periodic forays into the nesting colony; their color was plain yellow with irregular dark blotches across the head and dorsum and a light patch on the nape. When displaced from their nests, type I males also showed dark blotches and a light patch on the nape, but these characteristics were less pronounced than those in type II males. The color of females and nonbreeding males was indistinguishable and exhibited little seasonal variation; however, females close to spawning showed an ephemeral darkening of the body with white spots and patches along the dorsum. Nonbreeding males and females undergoing diel migrations also showed the same pattern across the dorsum but without darkening. The overall mean ratio of males to females in the trawl-sampled population was 1.22:1.00, of which 44.9% were females, 40% were nonbreeding males, 9.8% were intermediate males (with characteristics intermediate between those of breeding and nonbreeding males), and 5.3% were breeding males. The proportion of breeding males was 12 times higher inside nesting colonies than outside the colonies. The mean fork length (FL) of intermediate and breeding males was larger (by <= 1 cm) than that of females or nonbreeding males. Understanding the behavioral ecology of Atka mackerel is important to the development of a comprehensive ecological index for monitoring and assessing the reproductive health of Atka mackerel stocks. C1 [Lauth, Robert R.; Cooper, Daniel W.; McEntire, Scott W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Guthridge, Jared L.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Guthridge, Jared L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Lauth, RR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM bob.lauth@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 399 EP 411 DI 10.1577/C09-025.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PW UT WOS:000208152900029 ER PT J AU Drymon, JM Powers, SP Dindo, J Dzwonkowski, B Henwood, TA AF Drymon, J. Marcus Powers, Sean P. Dindo, John Dzwonkowski, Brian Henwood, Terry A. TI Distributions of Sharks across a Continental Shelf in the Northern Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID CARCHARHINUS-LIMBATUS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; UNITED-STATES; RHIZOPRIONODON-TERRAENOVAE; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; COASTAL WATERS; NURSERY AREAS; HABITAT; BLACKTIP; GROWTH AB Declines in shark populations have sparked researchers and fishery managers to investigate more prudent approaches to the conservation of these fish. As managers strive to improve data collection for stock assessment, fisheries-independent surveys have expanded to include data-deficient areas such as coastal regions. To that end, a catch series from a nearshore survey off Alabama was combined with data from a concurrent offshore survey with identical methodology to examine the depth use of sharks across the continental shelf (2-366 m). The combined data set contained 22 species of sharks collected from 1995 to 2008: 21 species in the offshore data set (1995-2008) and 12 species in the nearshore data set (2006-2008). Depth was a significant factor determining species' distributions, primarily for Atlantic sharpnose Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, blacknose Carcharhinus acronotus, and blacktip C. limbatus sharks. Blacknose sharks had the highest catch per unit effort (CPUE) in the middepth stratum (10-30 m), blacktip sharks had consistently higher CPUE in the shallow depth stratum (<10 m), and Atlantic sharpnose sharks showed high abundance throughout both the shallow and middepth strata. Length frequency and sex ratio analyses suggest that Atlantic sharpnose and blacknose sharks are using waters greater than 30 m deep for parturition, whereas adult blacktip sharks are probably using shallow waters for parturition. Our abundance patterns illustrate a continuum of depth use across the inner continental shelf. Surveys that do not encompass the entirety of this ecosystem fail to accurately characterize the distributions of these important predators. C1 [Drymon, J. Marcus] Ctr Ecosyst Based Fishery Management, Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Powers, Sean P.] Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Henwood, Terry A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. RP Drymon, JM (reprint author), Ctr Ecosyst Based Fishery Management, Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Blvd, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. EM mdrymon@disl.org OI Dzwonkowski, Brian/0000-0002-2333-2185 NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 440 EP 450 DI 10.1577/C09-061.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PW UT WOS:000208152900032 ER PT J AU Shertzer, KW Prager, MH Williams, EH AF Shertzer, Kyle W. Prager, Michael H. Williams, Erik H. TI Probabilistic Approaches to Setting Acceptable Biological Catch and Annual Catch Targets for Multiple Years: Reconciling Methodology with National Standards Guidelines SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB In U.S. federal fishery management, acceptable biological catch (ABC) is set below (or equal to) the overfishing limit to account for scientific uncertainty, and annual catch targets (ACTs) are set below (or equal to) the ABC to account for implementation uncertainty (i.e., imperfect management control). In previous papers, we discussed probabilistic approaches to setting target and limit reference points for fishery management. Here, we explain how those approaches can be adapted to provide ABCs and ACTs over multiple years and otherwise made consist with recent revisions to the National Standards Guidelines, a part of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations that describes implementation of the Magnuson-Stevens Reauthorization Act. Although described in terms of U.S. fishery management, our methods are sufficiently general for use by researchers in U.S. state agencies or elsewhere in the world. We demonstrate them via an example application to vermilion snapper Rhomboplites aurorubens in U.S. Atlantic waters. C1 [Shertzer, Kyle W.; Prager, Michael H.; Williams, Erik H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Shertzer, KW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM kyle.shertzer@noaa.gov NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 451 EP 458 DI 10.1577/C10-014.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PW UT WOS:000208152900033 ER PT J AU Conrath, CL Musick, JA AF Conrath, C. L. Musick, J. A. TI Residency, space use and movement patterns of juvenile sandbar sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus) within a Virginia summer nursery area SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE acoustic monitoring; elasmobranch; essential fish habitat; refuge ID NEGAPRION-BREVIROSTRIS; ONTOGENIC CHANGES; TERM MOVEMENTS; SPHYRNA-LEWINI; CHESAPEAKE BAY; UNITED-STATES; GROWTH; HABITAT; HAWAII; COAST AB Neonates and juveniles of many large coastal shark species occupy shallow inshore nursery areas during portions of the year. The identification of how these areas are used by large coastal shark populations is an important consideration in conservation and management efforts. An array of passive acoustic receivers was utilised to track the movements of 64 neonate and juvenile sandbar sharks within the Eastern Shore of Virginia summer nursery during the summers of 2003-2005. Residency patterns were variable during each year of the study, with younger sandbar sharks spending more time within the array area than older sharks. The number of detections was positively related to the distance of the receiver inshore from the inlet, indicating that young sandbar sharks preferentially utilise protected, shallow near-shore waters. Neonate and juvenile sandbar sharks tended to be detected more frequently within all areas of the inlet at slack tides, during the night and during early dawn hours. Periodogram analyses indicated that juvenile sharks tend to move in the direction of tidal currents. The present study documents large-and small-scale movement patterns of juvenile sandbar sharks and emphasises the importance of nursery-area habitats for this species. C1 [Conrath, C. L.; Musick, J. A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Conrath, CL (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak Lab,Kodiak Fisheries Res Ctr, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM Christina.Conrath@noaa.gov FU Saltonstall-Kennedy [NA17FD2365]; National Shark Research Consortium FX We thank P. G. Ross, S. Fate, A. Birch, E. Smith, G. Arnold and R. Bonniwell for excellent field and logistical support. Thanks go to the Virginia Institute of Marine Science shark project for assistance rendered, particularly J. Ellis, J. Smith, L. Pace and J. Romine. We also thank C. Simpfendorfer and M. Heupel for assistance with data analyses. We thank three anonymous referees for comments that greatly improved this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by Saltonstall-Kennedy Grant NA17FD2365 and by the National Shark Research Consortium. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2010 VL 61 IS 2 BP 223 EP 235 DI 10.1071/MF09078 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 560OY UT WOS:000274913200011 ER PT J AU DeMartini, EE Anderson, TW Kenyon, JC Beets, JP Friedlander, AM AF DeMartini, Edward E. Anderson, Todd W. Kenyon, Jean C. Beets, James P. Friedlander, Alan M. TI Management implications of juvenile reef fish habitat preferences and coral susceptibility to stressors SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coral bleaching and sedimentation; global warming; Hawai'i; nursery habitat loss; recruit reef fishes ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COMMUNITIES; RECRUITMENT; ECOSYSTEMS; IMPACTS; DEGRADATION; POPULATIONS; DAMSELFISH AB In the Hawaiian Archipelago, shelter-dependent juvenile stages of many reef fishes and their coral habitats are increasingly put at risk by multiple anthropogenic stressors (e.g. overfishing and habitat loss, coral bleaching and sedimentation, respectively). We assessed coral bleaching (to identify relative susceptibility among growth forms) and the use v. availability of structurally complex and simple corals by juvenile reef fishes in Hawai'i. We use these data in a model that identifies habitats and resource species for managing reef fisheries and conserving coral habitats. Many juvenile reef fishes preferentially inhabit rugose corals. The economic and ecological importance of these fishes varies from those with little value to others, such as highly prized parrotfishes that also serve as ecological engineers. Coral species also differ in their relative susceptibility to anthropogenic and natural stressors - more structurally complex corals tend to be more susceptible to stressors. Our model relates the economic and ecological valuations of fish resources with specific preferences of fish juveniles for corals of varying susceptibility, testing the prediction that risk should co-vary among species of corals and fishes. Managers should use such a model when prioritising habitats and resource species for conservation. C1 [DeMartini, Edward E.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Aiea Hts Res Facil, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Anderson, Todd W.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Anderson, Todd W.] San Diego State Univ, Coastal & Marine Inst, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Kenyon, Jean C.] NOAA Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Kenyon, Jean C.] Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Beets, James P.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Marine Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Friedlander, Alan M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP DeMartini, EE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Aiea Hts Res Facil, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr,Suite 417, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. EM edward.demartini@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries, Office of Habitat Conservation; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX Funding for the NWHI coral monitoring study was provided by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program and the NWHI Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve of NOAA's National Marine Sanctuary Program. E.E.D.'s financial support in 2006-08 was provided by a NOAA Fisheries, Office of Habitat Conservation, Coral Reef Conservation Program project. Funds for T. W. A. in 2007-08 were provided by a National Fish and Wildlife Foundation grant. Also gratefully acknowledged is the logistical support provided by Blue Wilderness Dive Adventures, Kamuela, Hawaii, and the United States Fish & Wildlife Service at Midway Atoll, North-western Hawaiian Islands Wildlife Refuge. We also thank D. Yamaguchi for assistance with figures, B. Bowen, D. Potts, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive criticisms of manuscript drafts. This paper is the result of research conducted under 2006-08 permits issued by the NOAA National Ocean Service, Papahanaumokuakea - Marine National Monument Office. NR 63 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 24 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2010 VL 61 IS 5 BP 532 EP 540 DI 10.1071/MF09141 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 601ZK UT WOS:000278107300004 ER PT J AU Piercy, AN Carlson, JK Passerotti, MS AF Piercy, Andrew N. Carlson, John K. Passerotti, Michelle S. TI Age and growth of the great hammerhead shark, Sphyrna mokarran, in the north-western Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE von Bertalanffy ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LIFE-HISTORY; SOUTH-AFRICA; BIOLOGY; LEWINI; CAUGHT; CURVE AB The great hammerhead shark, Sphyrna mokarran, is a cosmopolitan species that is caught in a variety of fisheries throughout much of its range. The apparent decline of great hammerhead shark populations has reinforced the need for accurate biological data to enhance fishery management plans. To this end, age and growth estimates for the great hammerhead were determined from sharks (n = 216) ranging in size from 54- to 315-cm fork length (FL), captured in the Gulf of Mexico and north-western Atlantic Ocean. Growth curves were fitted using multiple models and evaluated using Akaike's information criterion. The von Bertalanffy growth model was the best fitting model, with resulting growth parameters of L-infinity = 264.2-cm FL, k = 0.16 year(-1), t(0) = -1.99 year for males, and L-infinity = 307.8-cm FL, k = 0.11 year(-1), t(0) = -2.86 year for females. Annual band pair deposition was confirmed through marginal-increment analysis and a concurrent bomb radiocarbon validation study. Great hammerheads have one of the oldest reported ages for any elasmobranch (44 years) but grow at relatively similar rates (on the basis of von Bertalanffy k value) to other large hammerhead species from this region. The present study is the first to provide vertebral ages for great hammerheads. C1 [Carlson, John K.; Passerotti, Michelle S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Piercy, Andrew N.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Florida Program Shark Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Carlson, JK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM john.carlson@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service's Highly Migratory Species Division; National Shark Research Consortium FX We thank NOAA Fisheries observers and Florida Program for Shark Research scientists for assistance with collection of shark specimens for this study. We extend our gratitude to the numerous student interns and volunteers for helping with the preparation of vertebrae. We thank two anonymous reviewers who provided valuable comments on this manuscript. A portion of the funding for this project was contributed by the National Marine Fisheries Service's Highly Migratory Species Division through the Florida Program for Shark Research, a member institution in the National Shark Research Consortium. NR 53 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 23 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2010 VL 61 IS 9 BP 992 EP 998 DI 10.1071/MF09227 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 653KF UT WOS:000282089200005 ER PT J AU Vecchione, M Young, RE Piatkowski, U AF Vecchione, Michael Young, Richard E. Piatkowski, Uwe TI Cephalopods of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge SO MARINE BIOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bathypelagic; deep sea; distribution; epibenthic; mesopelagic; octopods; squids; trawling-gear comparisons; zoogeography ID IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION; CIRRATE OCTOPODS; PELAGIC CEPHALOPODS; MOLLUSCA; GENUS; OCEAN; REDESCRIPTION; OEGOPSIDA; SYSTEMATICS AB A two-leg cruise of R/V G. O. Sars in summer of 2004 along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge explored the diversity and distribution patterns of pelagic and non-hydrothermal bottom communities in the vicinity of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. In total, 1295 cephalopods were caught, representing 56 species. Differences in species composition and size were apparent among the various types of trawls used. The Aakra trawl and bottom trawl caught the largest numbers of species (38 and 34, respectively); size of cephalopods was directly related to the size of the net. Many more species were caught in the southern part of the study area than farther north. The most abundant species was Gonatus steenstrupi, found mostly in the northern part of the study area. A few abundant species, such as Mastigoteuthis agassizii, were found throughout the region, with no clear indication that their northern or southern distributional limits occur within the area sampled. Several benthic and one pelagic species, all taken in small numbers, were captured only in the region of the Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone. We found many species at very low numbers (i.e. 37 species with <10 specimens in all gear types combined). C1 [Vecchione, Michael] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Young, Richard E.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Piatkowski, Uwe] Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch IFM GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. RP Vecchione, M (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM vecchiom@si.edu RI Piatkowski, Uwe/G-4161-2011 OI Piatkowski, Uwe/0000-0003-1558-5817 NR 64 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 1745-1000 J9 MAR BIOL RES JI Mar. Biol. Res. PY 2010 VL 6 IS 1 BP 25 EP 52 DI 10.1080/17451000902810751 PG 28 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 553DG UT WOS:000274344900003 ER PT J AU Miller, TW Brodeur, RD Rau, G Omori, K AF Miller, Todd W. Brodeur, Richard D. Rau, Greg Omori, Koji TI Prey dominance shapes trophic structure of the northern California Current pelagic food web: evidence from stable isotopes and diet analysis SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Pelagic; Food web; Stable isotopes; Diet; California Current ID SOUTHERN BENGUELA; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; UPWELLING ECOSYSTEM; CHAIN LENGTH; WEST-COAST; PACIFIC; PATTERNS; FISH; SHELF; ZOOPLANKTON AB Eastern boundary current (EBC) upwelling zones are among the most productive of marine ecosystems globally and have been generalized in terms of their food web structure. Little empirically based evidence exists to suggest that there is any one form of trophic control of EBC systems and, because of logistical constraints, knowledge of food web structure is limited in these large marine ecosystems. To determine principal trophic links within the pelagic food web, we combined stable isotope and diet analysis of 21 dominant species of nekton found within the northern California Current, a highly productive EBC upwelling ecosystem. Samples of nekton and zooplankton were collected in June and August 2000 and 2002 from the shelf-slope waters of northern California to Washington. Results showed most nekton consumed mixed diets of zooplankton and larval-juvenile or adult fishes, indicating the importance of omnivory in this system. Euphausiids were overwhelmingly the most prevalent zooplankton taxa in the diets of nekton across multiple trophic levels, accounting for >50% of the index of relative importance in 10 of 21 nekton species analyzed. Nitrogen stable isotopes (delta N-15) reflected trophic patterns observed in the diets, with most nekton species (similar to 62%) falling between trophic levels (TL) of full zooplanktivores (TL = 3) and full piscivores (TL = 4). The prevalence of omnivory observed here is probably due to high primary production that supports an abundance of large zooplankton prey, such as euphausiids, which may be a more available prey resource for a broad range of predators. A modification of this form of bottom-up control, termed bottom-up omnivory, is presented. C1 [Miller, Todd W.; Omori, Koji] Ehime Univ, CMES, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. [Rau, Greg] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Miller, TW (reprint author), Ehime Univ, CMES, 2-5 Bunkyo Cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. EM toddomiller@gmail.com FU US GLOBEC NE Pacific Program; NOAA Nortwest Fisheries Science Center; Bonneville Power Administration; Global Center of Excellence, Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University; Bill Wick Marine Fisheries Award FX This study was funded by the US GLOBEC NE Pacific Program, the NOAA Nortwest Fisheries Science Center, the Bonneville Power Administration, the Global Center of Excellence, Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University and the Bill Wick Marine Fisheries Award. We thank the late P. Eldridge (US Environmental Protection Agency), W. Sydeman (Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research), T. Francis, E. Casillas (NOAA Fisheries) and 2 anonymous reviewers for helpful discussions and comments on the research and manuscript and the scientists and crew who assisted in sampling. Special thanks are due to M. Kubo and K. Turk for help with isotope analysis. This paper is dedicated to Peter Eldridge. NR 57 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 26 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 420 BP 15 EP 26 DI 10.3354/meps08876 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 696CK UT WOS:000285419300002 ER PT J AU Wabnitz, CCC Balazs, G Beavers, S Bjorndal, KA Bolten, AB Christensen, V Hargrove, S Pauly, D AF Wabnitz, Colette C. C. Balazs, George Beavers, Sallie Bjorndal, Karen A. Bolten, Alan B. Christensen, Villy Hargrove, Stacy Pauly, Daniel TI Ecosystem structure and processes at Kaloko Honokohau, focusing on the role of herbivores, including the green sea turtle Chelonia mydas, in reef resilience SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Marine turtles; Ecosystem-based management; Ecopath; Coral reef; Herbivory; Phase shift; Nutrient enrichment; Kona coast; Hawaii ID HAWAIIAN MONK SEAL; URCHIN ECHINOMETRA-MATHAEI; LEPTOGORGIA-SARMENTOSA CNIDARIA; GORGONIAN PARAMURICEA-CLAVATA; SUB-TROPICAL EMBAYMENT; FRENCH FRIGATE SHOALS; CARIBBEAN CORAL-REEFS; ACANTHASTER-PLANCI L; MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI; DIADEMA-ANTILLARUM AB The formal protection of the Hawaiian green turtle Chelonia mydas in the 1970s has led to significant increases in the number of individuals recorded throughout the archipelago. Reduced growth rates and poor body condition of individuals at a number of foraging sites, including Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park (Kaloko), suggest that some aggregations have reached carrying capacity. To better understand the ecological structure and processes of the reef system at the park, we developed an ecosystem model that synthesized available data on Kaloko for the year 2005 and included 26 groups, spanning the entire trophic web. Model results showed that the combined grazing pressure of the different herbivore functional groups (i.e. reef fish, sea urchins, and green turtles) in Kaloko matched total algal production. Sea urchins exerted the strongest control over algal resources, partly because of their large biomass in park waters. Results confirmed that the Kaloko green turtle aggregation has reached carrying capacity. Green turtles help maintain low algal cover, and thus resilience of reefs in the face of disturbance, and should be explicitly included in studies of ecosystem dynamics on reefs. Our work also provides a 'current-condition' baseline for Kaloko, and a valuable tool for the assessment of the future marine ecosystem impacts of projected urban expansion plans around the park. C1 [Wabnitz, Colette C. C.; Christensen, Villy; Pauly, Daniel] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, AERL, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Balazs, George; Hargrove, Stacy] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Turtle Res Program, NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Beavers, Sallie] Natl Pk Serv, Kailua Kona, HI 96740 USA. [Bjorndal, Karen A.; Bolten, Alan B.] Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bjorndal, Karen A.; Bolten, Alan B.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Wabnitz, CCC (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM colette.wabnitz@gmail.com RI Christensen, Villy/C-3945-2009; OI Christensen, Villy/0000-0003-0688-2633; Bjorndal, Karen/0000-0002-6286-1901 FU NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service; Disney Wildlife Conservation fund; Sea Around Us Project; Pew Environmental Group; University of British Columbia FX This study was supported by funding provided by the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service and the Disney Wildlife Conservation fund. C.W., V.C., and D.P. also acknowledge support from the Sea Around Us Project, a scientific collaboration between the Pew Environmental Group and The University of British Columbia. Thanks to J. Polovina for help in getting this project off the ground. R. Most and the National Park Service are acknowledged for facilitating many aspects of our work and valuable input throughout the study. M. Rice and students of the Hawaii Preparatory Academy (Kamuela, Hawaii) are acknowledged for their considerable help to G. B. in ocean-capture field work collecting data on green turtles. We are indebted to T. Work of the US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, Honolulu Field Station, for allowing the use of turtle necropsy findings relevant to turtle body condition. K. Benoit-Bird, P. Bienfang, E. Brown, M. Deagle, R. Hoover, H. Jessop, M. Landry, L. Marrack, C. Payri, T. Sauvage, J. Smith, C. Squair, K. Uyehara, S. Waddington, M. Weijerman, and T. Wurth are gratefully acknowledged for invaluable feedback, advice, and assistance during the development of the model, and/or the kind provision of often unpublished data. We also thank F. Parrish for discussions pertaining to model development; and M. Bailey for drawing illustrations of species representative of functional groups. Special gratitude is extended to B. Hunt for stimulating discussions, assistance on all zooplankton and phytoplankton aspects of the model. The revised manuscript benefited from the comments of J. Alder, B. Hunt, M. Coll, B. Klinkenberg, F. Parrish, 3 anonymous reviewers and the editors. NR 240 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 46 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 420 BP 27 EP U392 DI 10.3354/meps08846 PG 36 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 696CK UT WOS:000285419300003 ER PT J AU Kaltenberg, AM Emmett, RL Benoit-Bird, KJ AF Kaltenberg, Amanda M. Emmett, Robert L. Benoit-Bird, Kelly J. TI Timing of forage fish seasonal appearance in the Columbia River plume and link to ocean conditions SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Forage fish; Zooplankton; Acoustics; Phenology; Upwelling; Columbia River plume; California Current; Sardines; Anchovies ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; LIONS EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; SARDINA-PILCHARDUS; PACIFIC SARDINE; ABUNDANCE; PREY; SEA; VARIABILITY AB This study described the phenology and patterns of variability of forage fish and mesozooplankton populations near the Columbia River plume. Our objective was to identify the timing of the seasonal appearance of forage fish and to characterize the temporal patterns of abundance in relation to ocean conditions including zooplankton availability. Observations were collected at 2 stations in 2008 and 2009 using 200 kHz bio-acoustic moorings, and with bi-weekly net sampling surveys conducted at nearby stations to measure total fish density and relative species composition. Acoustic time series results revealed that the seasonal timing of acoustic schools, representing the forage fishes northern anchovy Engraulis mordax, whitebait smelt Allosmerus elongatus, and Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax, occurred abruptly, with specific dates of appearance identified at each station in mid-May in both years. Both 2008 and 2009 represented very similar years for the timing and strength of wind-driven coastal upwelling. The timing of forage fish appearances in these years was linked with ocean temperature and salinity data collected at a nearby oceanographic buoy but was poorly correlated with mesozooplankton abundance, which was highly variable and fluctuating over a period of hours to days. Fluctuations in zooplankton and forage fish populations drive many trophic interactions, including juvenile salmon, seabirds, and large predators (e.g. adult salmon) that rely on the timing and abundances of these populations and have significant implications for ecosystem based management. C1 [Kaltenberg, Amanda M.; Benoit-Bird, Kelly J.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Emmett, Robert L.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Kaltenberg, AM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 COAS Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM akaltenb@coas.oregonstate.edu FU Army Corps of Engineers FX C. Waluk, P. Bentley, A. Claiborne, and M. Litz provided field assistance for this project. R. Collier and W. Waldorf provided equipment used during mooring deployments. We thank C. Seaton, M. Wilkin, A. Baptista and the Center for Coastal Margin Observation and Prediction for providing OGI buoy data. This work was funded by the Army Corps of Engineers. NR 62 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 419 BP 171 EP 184 DI 10.3354/meps08848 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 691GN UT WOS:000285068400014 ER PT J AU Fourqurean, JW Manuel, S Coates, KA Kenworthy, WJ Smith, SR AF Fourqurean, James W. Manuel, Sarah Coates, Kathryn A. Kenworthy, W. Judson Smith, Struan R. TI Effects of excluding sea turtle herbivores from a seagrass bed: Overgrazing may have led to loss of seagrass meadows in Bermuda SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Caribbean Coastal Marine Productivity Program; CARICOMP; Thalassia testudinum; Nutrient content; Soluble carbohydrates; Productivity ID BANKS EX KONIG; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; PROXIMATE CONSTITUENTS; SYRINGODIUM-FILIFORME; SEASONAL-CHANGES; SOUTH FLORIDA; BLADE REMOVAL; PRODUCTIVITY; GROWTH AB Protecting a Thalassia testudinum-dominated seagrass meadow from grazing by sea turtles for 1 yr caused an increase in the biomass of seagrasses and an increase in the structural complexity of the seagrass canopy, as the length and width of the seagrass blades increased in comparison to grazed plots. Plots from which turtles were excluded had higher rates of primary production on a per-shoot or areal basis, but the relative growth rate was not affected. The leaves of seagrasses protected from grazing had lower concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus than grazed blades, but the storage of soluble carbohydrates in the rhizomes increased markedly in the protected plots, suggesting that reduced carbon fixation caused by the removal of photosynthetic leaves is the mechanism for seagrass decline in heavily grazed meadows, not nutrient limitation as has been suggested in the literature. The continued grazing of sea turtles in our plots did not lead to significant changes in seagrass shoot density or nutrient content over the 1 yr duration of our experiments. The decreased canopy cover and the shorter, thinner seagrass leaves induced by sea turtle grazing in our experimental plots suggest that the progressive narrowing and thinning of seagrasses observed before the collapse of 2 offshore seagrass beds in Bermuda during the 1990s may have been in response to repeated and intense grazing of those seagrass beds. C1 [Fourqurean, James W.] Florida Int Univ, Marine Sci Program, Dept Biol, N Miami, FL 33181 USA. [Fourqurean, James W.] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, N Miami, FL 33181 USA. [Manuel, Sarah; Coates, Kathryn A.] Bermuda Minist Environm & Sports, Dept Conservat Serv, Appl Ecol Sect, Smiths 04, FL, Bermuda. [Kenworthy, W. Judson] NOAA, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Smith, Struan R.] Bermuda Aquarium Museum & Zoo, Bermuda Minist Environm & Sports, Dept Conservat Serv, Smiths 04, FL, Bermuda. RP Fourqurean, JW (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Marine Sci Program, Dept Biol, N Miami, FL 33181 USA. EM jim.fourqurean@fiu.edu RI Fourqurean, James/B-4606-2008 OI Fourqurean, James/0000-0002-0811-8500 FU Department of Conservation Services, Government of Bermuda; Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research; NCCOS; NOS; NOAA FX This work was funded by the Department of Conservation Services, Government of Bermuda and B. Dilke, a private benefactor. Laboratory analyses were coordinated by P. Parker. A. Nash designed, built and installed the cages, and was instrumental in all of our field work. M. Shailer assisted in field GIS applications. Funding for W.J.K. was provided by the Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, NCCOS, NOS, NOAA. This is contribution # 498 of the Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, and contribution # 177 from the Bermuda Biodiversity Project, Bermuda Aquarium, Museum & Zoo in the Department of Conservation Services. NR 35 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 8 U2 53 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 419 BP 223 EP 232 DI 10.3354/meps08853 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 691GN UT WOS:000285068400018 ER PT J AU Lea, MA Johnson, D Melin, S Ream, R Gelatt, T AF Lea, Mary-Anne Johnson, Devin Melin, Sharon Ream, Rolf Gelatt, Tom TI Diving ontogeny and lunar responses in a highly migratory mammal, the northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Foraging; Lunar; North Pacific; Polar ecosystems; Postnatal development ID LIONS EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL; ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; OXYGEN STORES; MIXED-LAYER; BEHAVIOR; PUPS; MIGRATIONS; ALASKA AB Diving ontogeny studies enable the examination of both the evolution of diving strategies and the physiological constraints and environmental factors determining foraging behaviour. Northern fur seal (NFS) Callorhinus ursinus pups that undertake far-ranging migrations in their first year are an ideal species for examining such factors. The diving behaviour of 64 NFS pups from 4 North American breeding sites was studied using satellite-dive recorders deployed on pups prior to weaning. Summarised diving activity (6 h histograms of dive depth and duration) was recorded during the pups' first 8 mo at sea and transmitted via satellite. During the first month at sea, pups adopted the nocturnal diving patterns characteristic of adults, with average maximum nightly and crepuscular dive depths and durations exceeding daytime values by a factor of from 4 to 4.5. Diving capacity in terms of maximum depths (112 m) and durations (285 s) attained also increased linearly with age until similar to 8 to 10 mo of age. Overlaid on diving capability development was the significant influence of environmental cues, such as lunar phase, on migratory diving behaviour. During full moons, pups dived deeper and for longer periods than during other lunar phases, as pups likely mimicked the behaviour of their vertically migrating prey. These findings indicate that prey accessibility, particularly for younger pups with reduced diving capacity, may prove more challenging during higher lunar illumination periods. C1 [Lea, Mary-Anne; Johnson, Devin; Melin, Sharon; Ream, Rolf; Gelatt, Tom] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, AFSC, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lea, MA (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Marine Predator Unit, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. EM maryanne.lea@utas.edu.au RI Lea, Mary-Anne/E-9054-2013 OI Lea, Mary-Anne/0000-0001-8318-9299 FU NOAA; NMML; AFSC; Pribilof Islands communities; NAS NRC FX We thank the NOAA, NMML, AFSC and Pribilof Islands communities for their support. M.A.L. was supported by the NAS NRC Research Associateship Program. J. Baker, K. Call, R. Jenkinson, T. Orr, E. Sinclair, K. Sinclair, J. Sterling, J. Thomason, R. Towell, M. Williams and T. Zeppelin assisted with fieldwork. S. Bestley provided valuable statistical advice. This research was conducted under U.S. Marine Mammal Permit No. 782-1708 and has been approved to comply with the Animal Welfare Act and the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service Animal Care and Use Policy guidelines. We thank G. Duker, J. London, E. Sinclair and J. Sterling for discussions and helpful comments on an earlier manuscript. The comments of 3 anonymous reviewers also improved the manuscript. NR 64 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 18 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 419 BP 233 EP 247 DI 10.3354/meps08758 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 691GN UT WOS:000285068400019 ER PT J AU Tiwari, M Balazs, GH Hargrove, S AF Tiwari, Manjula Balazs, George H. Hargrove, Stacy TI Estimating carrying capacity at the green turtle nesting beach of East Island, French Frigate Shoals SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Carrying capacity; Green turtles; Chelonia mydas; Nesting; Climate change; French Frigate Shoals; Hawaii ID GUIANAN LEATHERBACK TURTLES; SEA-LEVEL RISE; CHELONIA-MYDAS; COSTA-RICA; POPULATION; RECOVERY; TORTUGUERO; TREND; STOCK; DESTRUCTION AB Many sea turtle populations are at a fraction of their historical abundance, and understanding ecological processes, under current and climate change scenarios, is critical for establishing recovery goals. In the Hawaiian Islands, the nesting population of the green turtle Chelonia mydas on East Island, French Frigate Shoals, has been recovering at a rate of 5.7% per year. Climate change models, however, predict a loss in nesting habitat on East Island of up to 30% due to sea level rise by 2100. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the carrying capacity of East Island for hatchlings and nesting females under current conditions and predictions of sea level rise. In the simulation model, density-dependent nest destruction was the primary factor regulating population size. Carrying capacity was reached between 1.9 and 2.1 million hatchlings at current conditions; carrying capacity was approached when 80 000 to 120 000 nests were laid on the beach, representing 20 000 to 30 000 nesting females. With a rise in sea level, carrying capacity was reached when 60 000 to 100 000 nests were laid on the beach. The current mean estimate of 390 nesting females per year, over the past 10 yr, at East Island represents 1.3 to 2% of the females that would nest at carrying capacity. The beach at East Island is well below carrying capacity and is capable of supporting a larger nesting population. However, the availability of suitable coastal habitats may play a bigger role in regulating the Hawaiian green turtle population than available nesting habitat. C1 [Tiwari, Manjula] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Turtle Ecol & Assessment Program, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr,NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Balazs, George H.; Hargrove, Stacy] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Turtle Res Program, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Tiwari, M (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Turtle Ecol & Assessment Program, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr,NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM manjula.tiwari@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 25 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 419 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.3354/meps08833 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 691GN UT WOS:000285068400023 ER PT J AU Piche, J Iverson, SJ Parrish, FA Dollar, R AF Piche, Jacinthe Iverson, Sara J. Parrish, Frank A. Dollar, Robert TI Characterization of forage fish and invertebrates in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands using fatty acid signatures: species and ecological groups SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Fatty acids; Fishes; Invertebrates; Diet guild; Trophic relationships; Ecological subsystems; Hawaiian archipelago; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands; Monk seal ID STELLER SEA LIONS; MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI; FOOD-WEB; PSEUDOPENTACEROS-WHEELERI; FEEDING ECOLOGY; TROPHIC MARKERS; ANALYSIS QFASA; NORTH PACIFIC; CORAL-REEFS; MONK SEAL AB The fat content and fatty acid (FA) composition of 100 species of fishes and invertebrates (n = 2190) that are potential key forage species of the critically endangered monk seal in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands were determined. For analysis, these species were classified into 47 groups based on a range of shared factors such as taxonomy, diet, ecological subsystem, habitat, and commercial interest. Hierarchical cluster and discriminant analyses of the 47 groups using 15 major FAs revealed that groups of species with similar FA composition associated into 5 functional groups: herbivores, planktivores, carnivores (which also included piscivores and omnivores), crustaceans, and cephalopods. Discriminant analyses performed on the 4 main functional groups separately revealed that herbivores, planktivores, and crustaceans could be readily differentiated on the basis of their FA signatures, with 97.7, 87.2, and 81.5% of individuals correctly classified, respectively. Classification success was lower within the carnivores (75.5%), which indicates that some groups of carnivorous species likely exhibit highly similar diets and/or ecology, rendering their FA signatures harder to differentiate. Despite a relatively broad overlap, most groups were reasonably well classified (> 75% success). Five groups had < 60% classification success; these taxa were better explained by separately considering individual factors such as species, diet, or ecology rather than the full range of shared factors. The agreement of the FA signatures with ecologically based groupings indicates they can be used to characterize the fish and invertebrate community in this highly complex subtropical ecosystem. These data provide crucial information on the distinctions and overlaps in the diets of reef fish and invertebrates. C1 [Piche, Jacinthe; Iverson, Sara J.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [Parrish, Frank A.; Dollar, Robert] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Piche, J (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. EM jpiche@dal.ca FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA; US Department of Commerce); PIFSC Protected Species Division; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Canada; Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT) FX We thank G. A. Antonelis, C. Littnan, and J. Baker from the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) Protected Species Division for their extensive contributions to sample collection and research. We are grateful to S. Lang and members of the Iverson Lab at Dalhousie for assistance with sample processing and lab analyses and to W. Blanchard for statistical advice. We also thank W. Blanchard, S. Lang, and H. Smith for insightful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Financial support was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA; US Department of Commerce), the PIFSC Protected Species Division, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Canada research and equipment grants to S. J. I., and a Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT) fellowship to J.P. NR 54 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 25 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 418 BP 1 EP U410 DI 10.3354/meps08814 PG 53 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 682RC UT WOS:000284419700001 ER PT J AU Staaf, DJ Ruiz-Cooley, RI Elliger, C Lebaric, Z Campos, B Markaida, U Gilly, WF AF Staaf, Danna J. Ruiz-Cooley, R. I. Elliger, Carl Lebaric, Zora Campos, Bernardita Markaida, Unai Gilly, William F. TI Ommastrephid squids Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis and Dosidicus gigas in the eastern Pacific show convergent biogeographic breaks but contrasting population structures SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Biogeographic comparison; Eastern Pacific; Ommastrephid squid; Population genetic structure ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; JUMBO SQUID; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; CEPHALOPODA; MATURATION; WATERS; MEXICO; SUBSTITUTIONS; CONSERVATION AB Dosidicus gigas and Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis (Teuthoidea: Ommastrephidae: Ommastrephinae) are abundant, ecologically important squid that co-occur in the eastern tropical Pacific. Little is known about the genetic basis of population structure in either species, although the presence of 2 species within S. oualaniensis has been suggested. We report here on a comparative population genetic study of D. gigas and S. oualaniensis using the mitochondrial marker NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2. Despite the high potential for dispersal in these active swimmers, both species exhibit a distinct biogeographic break at 5 to 6 degrees N. S. oualaniensis contains multiple deeply divergent, geographically segregated clades, whereas D. gigas shows only mild divergence between northern and southern hemisphere populations. We suggest that dispersal and genetic mixing across the eastern tropical Pacific may be impeded by both oceanographic and ecological factors. C1 [Staaf, Danna J.; Elliger, Carl; Lebaric, Zora; Gilly, William F.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Ruiz-Cooley, R. I.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Campos, Bernardita] Univ Valparaiso, Fac Ciencias Mar & Recursos Nat, Renaca, Vina Del Mar, Chile. [Markaida, Unai] CONACYT, El Colegio Frontera Sur, Campeche 24000, Mexico. RP Staaf, DJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Oceanview Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM dannajoy@gmail.com RI Markaida, Unai/B-1288-2013 OI Markaida, Unai/0000-0001-6655-4979 FU Census of Marine Life; National Science Foundation [OCE 0526640]; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; National Geographic Society; California Sea Grant/Ocean Protection Council; Hopkins Marine Station Marine Life Observatory FX This work was supported by funds from the Census of Marine Life (Tagging of Pacific Pelagics), National Science Foundation (OCE 0526640), David and Lucile Packard Foundation, National Geographic Society, California Sea Grant/Ocean Protection Council, and Hopkins Marine Station Marine Life Observatory. Tissue samples were collected and generously shared by J. Ramos (Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste, Mexico), J. Field (NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center [SWFSC] Santa Cruz), J. Hoar (Archipelago Marine Research), M. Carpenter (Stanford University), H. Fienberg (Stanford University), C. Yamashiro (Instituto del Mar del Per), J. Cosgrove and K. Sendall (Royal British Columbia Museum, Canada), M. Pedraza (University of Concepcion, Chile), and J. Delafosse. For ship time and support, we are grateful to B. Block (Stanford University), P. Sachs and the crew of the SSV 'Robert C. Seamans', J. O'Sullivan (Monterey Bay Aquarium), as well as L. Ballance, J. Barlow, R. L. Pitman, A. Henry (NOAA SWFSC La Jolla), and the crew of the 'David Starr Jordan' and the 'MacArthur II'. Maps were made with the assistance of A. Booth (Stanford and Moss Landing Marine Labs). We thank S. Palumbi, C. Hanifin, A. Haupt, J. Ladner, M. Pinsky, and T. Oliver (Stanford) for guidance and advice on molecular data analysis. Discussions with L. Zeidberg (UCLA), C. Reeb (Stanford), and C. Nigmatullin (AtlantNIRO) aided our interpretation of results. The criticism of 3 anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. NR 70 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 418 BP 165 EP U587 DI 10.3354/meps08829 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 682RC UT WOS:000284419700013 ER PT J AU Sulikowski, JA Galuardi, B Bubley, W Furey, NB Driggers, WB Ingram, GW Tsang, PCW AF Sulikowski, James A. Galuardi, Benjamin Bubley, Walter Furey, Nathan B. Driggers, William B., III Ingram, G. Walter, Jr. Tsang, Paul C. W. TI Use of satellite tags to reveal the movements of spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias in the western North Atlantic Ocean SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Spiny dogfish; Movement; Depth preferences; Tracking ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; BLUEFIN TUNA; IMPROVING LIGHT; THERMAL BIOLOGY; THUNNUS-THYNNUS; GEOLOCATION; HABITAT; MIGRATION; DYNAMICS; ANIMALS AB The use of popup satellite archival transmitting tags (PSAT) has helped to reveal horizontal and vertical movements of large, highly migratory fishes to assist in the management of their stocks. We tested the efficacy of a significantly smaller satellite tag, the X-tag, to track the movements of 3 spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Tag retention rates for this study ranged between 65 and 189 d. The sharks occupied waters with temperatures ranging from 5.2 to 14.9 degrees C and had estimated average horizontal speeds between 1.36 and 2.49 km h(-1). The sharks initially moved east into offshore waters after tagging in the Gulf of Maine and then into southern waters off the coast of New Jersey, USA. Diel depth patterns indicated that each shark was equally active during both day and night. Our results suggest that spiny dogfish are more mobile, both vertically and horizontally, than previously thought and that smaller PSATs can provide useful information on the movement patterns of a relatively small species of shark. C1 [Sulikowski, James A.; Furey, Nathan B.] Univ New England, Ctr Marine Sci, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. [Galuardi, Benjamin] Univ New Hampshire, Large Pelag Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Bubley, Walter; Tsang, Paul C. W.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mol Cellular & Biomed Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Driggers, William B., III; Ingram, G. Walter, Jr.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. RP Sulikowski, JA (reprint author), Univ New England, Ctr Marine Sci, 11 Hills Beach Rd, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. EM jsulikowski@une.edu RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012; Furey, Nathan/J-4862-2012 OI Furey, Nathan/0000-0002-8584-7889 FU Northeast Consortium [NAOFNMF4721057] FX We thank T. Arienti for help in capture of the fish and M. Quinlan for assistance in organization of the data. This project was supported by a Northeast Consortium grant (#NAOFNMF4721057) to P. C. W. T. and J.A.S. This manuscript represents MSC contribution number 31. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 19 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 418 BP 249 EP 254 DI 10.3354/meps08821 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 682RC UT WOS:000284419700020 ER PT J AU Zhang, TY Bailey, KM Chan, KS AF Zhang, Tianyang Bailey, Kevin M. Chan, Kung-sik TI Recruitment forecast models for walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma fine-tuned from juvenile survey data, predator abundance and environmental phase shifts SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Population dynamics; Fisheries; Environment; Ocean research; Regime shift; Ecological community; Fish recruitment; Forecast ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; COMMUNITY REORGANIZATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM; COD; ALASKA; GULF; FLUCTUATIONS; POPULATION; LARVAL AB Forecasting recruitment of marine fishes from environmental effects acting upon larvae has proven difficult due to multiple, nonlinear, interacting factors influencing larval survival. We used another approach, which circumvents the period of high egg and larval mortality, and instead improves forecasts from juvenile abundance indices. We compared several statistical recruitment forecast models and demonstrate that an increasing abundance of predators on juvenile walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma, particularly the arrowtooth flounder Atheresthes stomias, which now dominates the groundfish biomass in the Gulf of Alaska, and autocorrelation caused by intercohort interactions strongly affect pollock recruitment during the juvenile phase. Furthermore, the weight of predictor variables changes with threshold criteria, which are linked to phase shifts in the marine environment. Our results indicate that forecasting recruitment of marine fishes can be improved by considering factors that influence survival after the juvenile period, but also needs to account for changes in community structure and phase shifts in the environment, as opposed to only environmental correlates. Inclusion of these factors is consonant with biological knowledge of the species. C1 [Zhang, Tianyang; Chan, Kung-sik] Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Bailey, Kevin M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Chan, KS (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, 263 Schaeffer Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM kchan@stat.uiowa.edu NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 417 BP 237 EP 248 DI 10.3354/meps08817 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 677QL UT WOS:000284006800020 ER PT J AU Pajuelo, M Bjorndal, KA Alfaro-Shigueto, J Seminoff, JA Mangel, JC Bolten, AB AF Pajuelo, Mariela Bjorndal, Karen A. Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Mangel, Jeffrey C. Bolten, Alan B. TI Stable isotope variation in loggerhead turtles reveals Pacific-Atlantic oceanographic differences SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Stable isotopes; delta N-15; delta C-13; Loggerhead turtles; Nitrogen fixation; Denitrification; Southeast Pacific; Northeast Atlantic ID CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; NITROGEN-FIXATION; CARETTA-CARETTA; SEA-TURTLES; CARBON; OCEAN; DIET; ECOLOGY; NITRATE; PATTERNS AB Denitrification and nitrogen-fixation processes in the marine environment have been intensively studied, particularly how these processes affect the nitrogen stable-isotope signature (delta N-15) of inorganic nutrients and organisms at the base of the food web. However, the assumption that these delta N-15 differences at the base of food webs are reflected in higher trophic-level organisms has not been widely investigated. In the present study, we evaluated whether an ocean-basin delta N-15 variation was evident in oceanic juvenile loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta by analyzing their stable-isotope signatures in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Skin samples from oceanic juvenile loggerheads were collected from Peruvian waters in the southeast Pacific and from waters around the Azores Archipelago in the northeast Atlantic and analyzed for delta N-15 and carbon stable-isotope signature (delta C-13). Our results showed that turtles in the 2 ocean regions have mean delta C-13 signatures of -16.3 and -16.7 parts per thousand, which reflects the oceanic feeding behavior of these loggerhead populations. However, the delta N-15 signatures in Pacific loggerheads are significantly higher (mean +/- SD = 17.1 +/- 0.9 parts per thousand) than those of Atlantic loggerheads (7.6 +/- 0.5 parts per thousand). This inter-ocean difference in delta N-15 values was also observed in organisms at the base of the food web in the 2 study areas. The delta N-15 at the base of the food web, which is determined by the predominant process of the nitrogen cycle in each ocean region, is subsequently transferred to higher trophic levels. Stable isotope signatures in high trophic-level organisms, such as oceanic-stage sea turtles, can reveal differences in oceanographic processes. C1 [Pajuelo, Mariela; Bjorndal, Karen A.; Bolten, Alan B.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna; Mangel, Jeffrey C.] Pro Delphinus, Lima 11, Peru. [Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna; Mangel, Jeffrey C.] Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England. [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Pajuelo, M (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM mpajuelo@ufl.edu OI Bjorndal, Karen/0000-0002-6286-1901 FU US National Marine Fisheries Service [NA16FM2589, NA03NMF4540204]; Southwest Fisheries Science Center of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Oregon Zoo Conservation Fund; American Museum of Natural History; University of Florida; Fulbright Scholarship (Peru) FX We thank C. Caceres, F. Bernedo, M. Mamani, and D. Vega for their invaluable support during fieldwork in Peru. We also thank 'Equipa Tartaruga' and P. Lambardi (University of the Azores, Department of Oceanography and Fisheries) for turtle sample and zooplankton collection in the Azores, respectively. Azores samples were collected with funds from the US National Marine Fisheries Service (2002: NA16FM2589, 2003: NA03NMF4540204) to A. B. B. and K. A. B. Samples from Peru were collected with funding support from the Southwest Fisheries Science Center of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and the Oregon Zoo Conservation Fund. The Stable Isotope Lab at the University of Florida and J. Curtis are acknowledged for assistance with stable-isotope analyses. Funding for this project was provided by Lerner-Gray Grants for Marine Research (American Museum of Natural History) and Brian Riewald Memorial Fund (University of Florida). M. P. was supported by a Fulbright Scholarship (Peru) and Dexter Fellowship in Tropical Conservation Biology (University of Florida). Turtle samples were collected following national regulations. The Peruvian Instituto Nacional de Recursos Naturales (INRENA) and the Fisheries Board of the Azores government (DRP-SRAP) provided research and sample collection permits. All samples were transported to the Department of Zoology, University of Florida (Gainesville) under CITES export/import permits for analysis. Methodologies were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, University of Florida. NR 55 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 17 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 417 BP 277 EP 285 DI 10.3354/meps08804 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 677QL UT WOS:000284006800023 ER PT J AU Lucey, SM Nye, JA AF Lucey, Sean M. Nye, Janet A. TI Shifting species assemblages in the Northeast US Continental Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Species distribution; Northeast US Continental Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem; Fishing pressure; Climate effect; Non-metric multidimensional scaling; ANOSIM; SIMPER ID GEORGES BANK; ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FISH COMMUNITY; VARIABILITY; FISHERIES; RESPONSES; RECOVERY; TRENDS AB The Northeast US Continental Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem (NES LME) has experienced 2 major pressures: fishing and climate. The magnitude and rate of response to these pressures are species-specific and depend on each individual species' behavior, physiology and life histories. Thus, species assemblages can be expected to change as a result of the sum of each individual species' response. In previous studies, distinct species assemblages have been identified in each of the 4 subregions by which the NES LME has traditionally been assessed: Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB), Southern New England (SNE), Georges Bank (GB), and Gulf of Maine (GOM). In this study, we confirm that each subregion has a distinct species assemblage, but found that those assemblages are shifting over time. The shift appears to be towards species that prefer warmer water. The result is a species assemblage within each subregion that more closely resembles the historic assemblage found in the adjacent subregion to the south. These shifts have occurred in response to a combination of both fishing and climate, and are highly nonlinear. Therefore, current reductions in fishing pressure may not be adequate to return the system to a more historic species assemblage. C1 [Lucey, Sean M.; Nye, Janet A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lucey, SM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Sean.Lucey@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 34 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 415 BP 23 EP 33 DI 10.3354/meps08743 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 674RG UT WOS:000283764600003 ER PT J AU Hunsicker, ME Essington, TE Aydin, KY Ishida, B AF Hunsicker, Mary E. Essington, Timothy E. Aydin, Kerim Y. Ishida, Bryan TI Predatory role of the commander squid Berryteuthis magister in the eastern Bering Sea: insights from stable isotopes and food habits SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Squid; Trophic interactions; Stable isotopes; Prey size spectra; Feeding chronology; Berryteuthis magister; Eastern Bering Sea ID SHORT-FINNED SQUID; JUMBO SQUID; DOSIDICUS-GIGAS; BODY-SIZE; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; FORBESI CEPHALOPODA; STOMACH CONTENTS; CARBON ISOTOPES; LOLIGO-VULGARIS; YELLOWFIN TUNA AB Squid are an important component of many marine food webs, and they can impact other species through predation and competition. However, quantifying their influence on other food web components requires knowledge of their trophic position and trophic ontogeny, which are unknown in many ecosystems. The eastern Bering Sea (EBS) is a highly productive region that supports large commercial fisheries, and a modicum of knowledge exists on the ecological role of squid in this region. We combined stomach content and stable isotope analyses of muscle tissue (delta N-15 and delta C-13) to identify the feeding ecology of the commander squid Berryteuthis magister in the EBS continental slope ecosystem. We also use a novel methodology to elucidate potential finer-scale variation in squid trophic ecology by reconstructing feeding chronologies of individual B. magister from concentric eye lens layers. Our analyses indicate that the position of B. magister in the EBS food web increases by approximately 1 trophic level between juvenile and adult stages. Also, in contrast to many squid species, we found that predation by B. magister is not constrained by prey body size and that B. magister are more likely to share prey resources with commercially valuable fishes, particularly walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma, than to prey upon their juvenile stages. Further, the reconstructed feeding chronologies indicate substantial variability in squid feeding patterns that are not captured on the time scales of the conventional analyses. Together, the findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the ecological role of B. magister and the trophic linkages and energy flow within the EBS food web. C1 [Hunsicker, Mary E.; Essington, Timothy E.; Ishida, Bryan] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Aydin, Kerim Y.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hunsicker, ME (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 Ocean Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mhunsicker@coas.oregonstate.edu FU North Pacific Research Board; NOAA Fisheries-Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX We thank C. Anderson, T. Buckley, J. Hoff, S. Parker-Stetter, A. Whitehouse, and North Pacific Groundfish Observer Monitoring Program personnel for collecting samples for this project. We thank W. Walker and J. Thomason at the National Marine Mammal Laboratory for their help in the identification of squid beaks and fish otoliths; and D. Beauchamp for his helpful comments on the manuscript. We also thank 3 anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and suggestions for improving this paper. This project was funded by the North Pacific Research Board and NOAA Fisheries-Alaska Fisheries Science Center. NR 84 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 26 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 415 BP 91 EP 108 DI 10.3354/meps08750 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 674RG UT WOS:000283764600009 ER PT J AU Ryer, CH Laurel, BJ Stoner, AW AF Ryer, C. H. Laurel, B. J. Stoner, A. W. TI Testing the shallow water refuge hypothesis in flatfish nurseries SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Nurseries; Predation; Tethering; Baited camera; Video sled; Fish behavior ID NORTHERN ROCK SOLE; PREDATION RISK; JUVENILE FLATFISHES; CHESAPEAKE BAY; LEPIDOPSETTA-POLYXYSTRA; TETHERING EXPERIMENTS; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; HABITAT COMPLEXITY; MARINE NURSERIES; TIDAL MARSH AB The 'shallow water refuge hypothesis' (SWRH) holds that predation upon juvenile fish and crustaceans is reduced in shallow water because larger predatory fish increase in abundance with depth. We tested predictions of this hypothesis in 2 Kodiak Island flatfish nurseries, Pillar Creek Cove and Holiday Beach, using baited camera, tethering and video sled techniques. Baited camera deployments during 2007 indicated that predators increased with depth in both nurseries. In the same year, tethering indicated increased mortality of juvenile flatfish with increased depth. In contrast, video sled data from 2003 and 2004 indicated that predator abundance increased with depth at Holiday Beach, but not at Pillar Creek Cove. At Holiday Beach, juvenile abundance decreased rapidly with depth, while at Pillar Creek Cove abundance increased slightly with depth. Thus, predator-predation distribution over 3 yr at Holiday Beach was consistent with the SWRH, while at Pillar Creek Cove it was more variable. Although the SWRH is normally considered in the context of waters <2 m in depth, our results suggest that it may have efficacy for deeper water, with the relative depth distribution of predators and suitable juvenile habitat being more relevant than absolute depth. C1 [Ryer, C. H.; Laurel, B. J.; Stoner, A. W.] NOAA Fisheries, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Ryer, CH (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM cliff.ryer@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [R0301, R0710, 269]; Alaska Fisheries Science Center; National Science Foundation; NOAA Fisheries FX We thank M. Spencer, P. Iseri, B. Knoth, S. Haines and M. Ottmar for assistance in the field and laboratory. This project was supported in part by grant no. R0301 to C.R., A. Abookire, I. Fleming and A.S., and grant no. R0710 to CR., B.L., B. Knoth, T. Hurst and A.S. from the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB publication no. 269). Support was also provided by the Habitat and Ecosystem Processes Program of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, and a National Science Foundation REU internship administered by the Hatfield Marine Science Center of Oregon State University. NR 49 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 21 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 415 BP 275 EP 282 DI 10.3354/meps08732 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 674RG UT WOS:000283764600022 ER PT J AU Hammerschlag, N Heithaus, MR Serafy, JE AF Hammerschlag, Neil Heithaus, Michael R. Serafy, Joseph E. TI Influence of predation risk and food supply on nocturnal fish foraging distributions along a mangrove-seagrass ecotone SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Predators; Edge effects; Proximity gradient; Shark; Snapper; Porgy; Grunt ID SHARKS CARCHARODON-CARCHARIAS; IDEAL FREE DISTRIBUTION; BACK-REEF HABITATS; PATCH USE; JUVENILE FISH; ENERGETIC EQUIVALENCE; CARIBBEAN BAY; NATIONAL-PARK; SOUTH-AFRICA; SEAL ISLAND AB Diverse taxa from many systems must make tradeoffs between food and safety. However, few studies have examined the response of multiple fish species to food and predation risk at night across their foraging landscape. In Biscayne Bay, Florida (USA), we investigated the influences of food and predation risk on nocturnal habitat use of gray snapper, bluestriped grunt and seabream along a distance gradient spanning from the mangrove-seagrass ecotone to 120 m offshore. Seine and submerged vegetation sampling were used to determine the distribution of fishes and their food resources. Tethering experiments were used to explore gradients in predator encounter rates. We used these data to test the following a priori predictions of fish distributions relative to food and risk as generated from foraging theory: (1) fishes will be distributed in proportion to their food supply (i.e. ideal free distribution, IFD); or (2) fishes will avoid high-risk areas such that their abundances will be lower than predicted by food resources in high-risk habitats (i.e. food-risk tradeoff). Results indicated that none of the fishes were distributed according to IFD. Seabream and gray snapper avoided foraging close to shore, where their food was abundant, but risk was highest. Bluestriped grunt responses to spatial variation in food supply and risk were less clear; they appeared to forage randomly across the distance gradient. Our results suggest that fish generally avoid the risky mangrove-seagrass ecotone, but responses to variation in food and risk are species-specific and may be dependent on specific anti-predator tactics or influenced by factors we did not measure. C1 [Hammerschlag, Neil; Serafy, Joseph E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hammerschlag, Neil] Univ Miami, RJ Dunlab Marine Conservat Program, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Heithaus, Michael R.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, N Miami, FL 33181 USA. [Serafy, Joseph E.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Hammerschlag, N (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM nhammerschlag@rsmas.miami.edu FU Herbert W. Hoover Foundation; Batchelor Foundation Inc; NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center; National Park Service (Biscayne National Park - BNP); Sea Star Foundation; Save the Blue; YSI Inc.; Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science; University of Miami FX Funding support for this work was primarily provided by the Herbert W. Hoover Foundation, the Batchelor Foundation Inc, NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center, National Park Service (Biscayne National Park - BNP), the Sea Star Foundation, Save the Blue, YSI Inc., the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science and the University of Miami's South Florida Student Shark Program (SFSSP), now the RJ Dunlap Marine Conservation Program. As part of the educational component of this project, several hundreds of high school and undergraduate students were involved in field data collection, laboratory processing and data organization. We thank all SFSSP volunteers, primarily D. Ovando, A. Morgan, A. Disilvestro, A. Matulik, D. Lazarre, A. Krajca, L. Winn, E. Overstreet, L. Rock, A. Griefen, M. Fast, L. Glade, K. Titley, J. Ross, C. Antal, X. Serrano, D. Washington and J. Allen for technical support, and especially thank D. Lirman, L. Brand, T. Kellison, G. Thomas, D. Die, C. M. Hammerschlag, L. Yeager, H. Luria, S. Spielman, L. Hoover and R. Mann. We also thank G. Myers, M. Giganti, M. Lewis, E. Alvear, R. Curry and H. M. Tritt for logistical support; J. Luo, G. Harvey and S. Stock for providing underwater cameras for this research; and the anonymous reviewers whose comments significantly helped strengthen this paper. This work was conducted under BNP Permit # BISC-2008-SCI-0003, BISC-2008-SCI-0005 and the University of Miami Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) Protocol # 05-244 renewal02. NR 90 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 9 U2 49 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 414 BP 223 EP 235 DI 10.3354/meps08731 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 650YQ UT WOS:000281891100018 ER PT J AU Van Opzeeland, I Van Parijs, S Bornemann, H Frickenhaus, S Kindermann, L Klinck, H Plotz, J Boebel, O AF Van Opzeeland, Ilse Van Parijs, Sofie Bornemann, Horst Frickenhaus, Stephan Kindermann, Lars Klinck, Holger Ploetz, Joachim Boebel, Olaf TI Acoustic ecology of Antarctic pinnipeds SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Weddell seal; Leptonychotes weddellii; Leopard seal; Hydrurga leptonyx; Ross seal; Ommatophoca rossii; Crabeater seal; Lobodon carcinophaga; Vocal repertoire; Vocal activity; Aquatic mating; Acoustic ecology ID SEALS LEPTONYCHOTES-WEDDELLI; MALE BEARDED SEALS; MALE HARBOR SEALS; UNDERWATER VOCALIZATIONS; HYDRURGA-LEPTONYX; LOBODON-CARCINOPHAGUS; LEOPARD SEALS; ROSS SEAL; EAST ANTARCTICA; VESTFOLD HILLS AB In aquatic-mating pinnipeds, acoustic communication plays an important role in male competition and mate attraction. Vocal repertoire size and composition during the breeding season varies between species and is presumed to be a product of interspecific differences in sexual selection. In this study, we examine seasonal and diel patterns in acoustic repertoire size, composition and call activity of 4 Antarctic pinniped species: Weddell seal Leptonychotes weddellii, leopard seal Hydrurga leptonyx, Ross seal Onunatophoca rossii and crabeater seal Lobodon carcinophaga. An 11 mo (Jan 2006 - Jan 2007, no recordings Jul and Nov 2006) near-continuous dataset was collected from the Perennial Acoustic Observatory in the Antarctic Ocean (PALAOA) located on the Ekstrom Iceshelf. The Weddell seal vocal repertoire consisted of 14 call types. Calls were present throughout the year except in February (11 mo), while repertoire composition varied considerably between months. The leopard seal vocal repertoire consisted of 7 call types. Calls were present between October and January (4 mo). All call types were used in a uniform manner throughout the entire call period. The Ross seal vocal repertoire consisted of 5 call types. Ross seal vocalizations were present from December until February (3 mo). Repertoire composition varied little between months. Crabeater seals produced one vocalization type, present from August to December (5 mo). Vocalizations in these species are likely produced in a breeding context. Inter-specific differences in behavioral ecology and interactions with abiotic and biotic environmental factors shape vocal behavior resulting in each species filling its own acoustic ecological niche. C1 [Van Opzeeland, Ilse; Bornemann, Horst; Frickenhaus, Stephan; Kindermann, Lars; Ploetz, Joachim; Boebel, Olaf] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Van Parijs, Sofie] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Klinck, Holger] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Van Opzeeland, I (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Am Alten Hafen 26, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. EM ilse.van.opzeeland@awi.de OI Frickenhaus, Stephan/0000-0002-0356-9791 FU Bremerhavener Gesellschaft fur Innovationsforderung und Stadtentwicklung (BIS) FX S. Riedel, D. Steinhage, A. Ziffer and the overwintering teams 2005 and 2006 (Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany), H. Schubert (Reederei F. Laeisz GmbH, Rostock, Germany), R. Verhoeven, J. Hoffmann and C. Muller (FIELAX Services for Marine Science and Technology mbH, Bremerhaven, Germany) all played crucial roles in setting up and/or maintaining PALAOA. The PALAOA project was partly funded by the Bremerhavener Gesellschaft fur Innovationsforderung und Stadtentwicklung (BIS). We thank 4 anonymous referees for their constructive comments on our manuscript. NR 122 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 11 U2 62 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 414 BP 267 EP 291 DI 10.3354/meps08683 PG 25 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 650YQ UT WOS:000281891100022 ER PT J AU Baker, R Minello, TJ AF Baker, Ronald Minello, Thomas J. TI Growth and mortality of juvenile white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus in a marsh pond SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Nursery-ground ecology; Salt marsh; Essential fish habitat; Mesocosm experiment; Cohort analysis; Catch-curve analysis ID PENAEUS-AZTECUS IVES; TEXAS SALT-MARSH; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; BROWN SHRIMP; MARINE NURSERIES; GALVESTON BAY; TIDAL MARSH; NEKTON USE; HABITATS; ESTUARINE AB Despite the widely held view that certain estuarine habitats are more valuable as nurseries because they provide enhanced growth and reduced mortality, there remain few estimates of growth and mortality rates in support of this paradigm. We conducted field caging experiments and collected weekly nekton samples in shallow open-water habitat in a marsh pond during summer and fall 2007 in Galveston Bay, Texas, USA, to estimate growth and morality rates of juvenile white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus. Growth rates (mean +/- 1 SE) were lower during the summer experiment (0.77 +/- 0.05 mm d(-1)) than the fall (0.91 +/- 0.04 mm d(-1)), and high summer water temperatures may have inhibited shrimp growth. Cohort analysis to derive mortality estimates from 15 weekly sampling trips failed due to extended periods of continuous recruitment, the lack of clearly identifiable cohorts, and high temporal variability in abundance estimates. Catch-curve analysis provided estimates of mean daily instantaneous mortality (Z) during the sampling period of 0.181 for post-larvae and early juveniles <28 mm TL and 0.083 for larger juveniles >28 mm. The mortality estimates must be interpreted with caution due to potential problems meeting the assumptions of catch-curve analysis. Despite the challenges, comparisons of vital rates among habitats are required to validate long-held paradigms on the functioning of estuarine nurseries and the importance of various coastal habitats in the support of fishery species. C1 [Baker, Ronald; Minello, Thomas J.] Galveston Lab, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Minello, TJ (reprint author), Galveston Lab, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 4700 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM tom.minello@noaa.gov RI Baker, Ronald/J-9060-2014 OI Baker, Ronald/0000-0001-8408-0324 FU NOAA Galveston Lab FX We thank the team in the Benthic Lab at NOAA Galveston for their assistance in the field, particularly S. Hillen, E. Wilson, J. Doerr, J. Salas, and M. Haverland. P. Caldwell performed the GIS analysis on the marsh pond. This research was performed while R. B. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the NOAA Galveston Lab. L. Rozas provided helpful comments on a draft of this manuscript. We thank 4 anonymous reviewers for comments that also greatly improved the manuscript. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 413 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.3354/meps08711 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 646TW UT WOS:000281566900007 ER PT J AU Gertseva, VV Cope, JM Matson, SE AF Gertseva, Vladlena V. Cope, Jason M. Matson, Sean E. TI Growth variability in the splitnose rockfish Sebastes diploproa of the northeast Pacific Ocean: pattern revisited SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Splitnose rockfish; Northeast Pacific Ocean; von Bertalanffy growth parameter; Latitudinal variability ID POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE; AGE-DETERMINATION; POINT CONCEPTION; BIOGEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARY; STOCK IDENTIFICATION; JUVENILE ROCKFISH; MANAGEMENT UNITS; CALIFORNIA; WASHINGTON; OREGON AB Understanding patterns of somatic growth within populations greatly contributes to fisheries stock assessment. Splitnose rockfish Sebastes diploproa was reported as having a striking pattern of latitudinal growth variability from studies conducted in the 1980s. We investigated variation in growth parameters of splitnose rockfish by latitude using recent data from the NOAA Fisheries Groundfish Survey (2003- 2008), current ageing techniques, and advanced modeling and statistical methods to provide an updated understanding of growth along this species' latitudinal range. Sex- specific age data were fit to a von Bertalanffy growth function incorporating ageing error, and growth parameters were estimated for 5 areas along the U. S. west coast, specified based on biogeographic boundaries. Resampled values of each growth parameter were then fit to linear models, and Akaike's information criterion (AIC) was used to evaluate hypotheses for growth parameter relationship with latitude. We found that splitnose rockfish exhibited a cline in asymptotic length (L-infinity), with L-infinity increasing with rising latitude. We also found that although the growth coefficient (k) was smallest in the most southern area, there was no apparent cline along the coast; a northward cline in k has previously been reported in the literature. We propose that differences in fishing intensity could be responsible for the cline in L-infinity, as higher fishing pressure in the south could skew the size distribution of the population in that region and reduce southern L-infinity estimates. We also attribute slower growth in the southern area to oceanographic characteristics and low productivity of the area south of Point Conception. C1 [Gertseva, Vladlena V.] NOAA Fisheries, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Cope, Jason M.] NOAA Fisheries, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Matson, Sean E.] NOAA Fisheries, Sustainable Fisheries Div, NW Reg Off, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Gertseva, VV (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2032 S E OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM vladlena.gertseva@noaa.gov NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 413 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.3354/meps08719 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 646TW UT WOS:000281566900010 ER PT J AU Matta, ME Black, BA Wilderbuer, TK AF Matta, Mary Elizabeth Black, Bryan A. Wilderbuer, Thomas K. TI Climate-driven synchrony in otolith growth-increment chronologies for three Bering Sea flatfish species SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Sclerochronology; Dendrochronology; Growth; Environment; Otoliths; Flatfishes; Eastern Bering Sea ID NORTHERN ROCK SOLE; COD GADUS-MORHUA; OCEAN CONDITIONS; PACIFIC HALIBUT; FISH PRODUCTION; REGIME SHIFT; MARINE FISH; TEMPERATURE; ECOSYSTEM; VARIABILITY AB Dendrochronology (tree-ring science) techniques were applied to otolith growth increments in 3 flatfish species collected from the eastern Bering Sea: northern rock sole Lepidopsetta polyxystra, yellowfin sole Limanda aspera, and Alaska plaice Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus. Within each species, otoliths were visually crossdated to ensure that the correct calendar year was assigned to each growth increment. Growth-increment widths were measured in each otolith, crossdating was statistically checked, and a single master chronology was generated for each species by averaging measurement time series after age-related growth declines had been removed. The 3 final chronologies spanned 18 to 20 yr and were significantly correlated with each other (p < 0.001), indicating a high level of growth synchrony among species. Final chronologies were compared to annual and monthly climate variables including water temperature, ice cover, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and the El Nino Southern Oscillation. Of the climate indices examined, chronologies were most strongly related to summertime eastern Bering Sea bottom temperatures, with R-2 values of 0.81, 0.61, and 0.34 for the yellowfin sole, Alaska plaice, and northern rock sole chronologies, respectively. Chronologies were significantly (p < 0.01) and positively related to monthly resolved records of sea surface temperature, though the seasons of the year exhibiting the strongest correlations varied among species. The present study suggests that flatfish growth is strongly influenced by the temperature of the eastern Bering Sea, underscoring the effect of climate on fisheries in a high-latitude ecosystem. C1 [Matta, Mary Elizabeth; Wilderbuer, Thomas K.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Black, Bryan A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Matta, ME (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM beth.matta@noaa.gov RI Black, Bryan/A-7057-2009; OI Matta, Mary/0000-0003-1677-8418 FU NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center; NOAA Fisheries and the Environment FX We thank the Age and Growth Program of the NOAA-AFSC for providing equipment and supplies. Many thanks to the RACE and Fisheries Monitoring Analysis divisions of the AFSC for otolith collections. Anne Hollowed, Paul Spencer, Thomas Helser, and 4 anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. B. A. B. was supported by a grant from the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center and the NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program. NR 49 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 27 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 413 BP 137 EP 145 DI 10.3354/meps08689 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 646TW UT WOS:000281566900011 ER PT J AU Becker, EA Forney, KA Ferguson, MC Foley, DG Smith, RC Barlow, J Redfern, JV AF Becker, E. A. Forney, K. A. Ferguson, M. C. Foley, D. G. Smith, R. C. Barlow, J. Redfern, J. V. TI Comparing California Current cetacean-habitat models developed using in situ and remotely sensed sea surface temperature data SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Cetacean density; Habitat modeling; GAM; GLM; California Current; Remote sensing; Whale; Dolphin; Porpoise ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; ABUNDANCE; WHALE; SLOPE AB Generalized linear and generalized additive habitat models were used to predict cetacean densities for 10 species in an 818000 km(2) area off California. The performance of models built with remotely sensed oceanic data was compared to that of models built with in situ measurements. Cetacean sighting data were collected by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center on 4 systematic line-transect surveys during the summer and fall of 1991, 1993, 1996, and 2001. Predictor variables included temporally dynamic, remotely sensed environmental variables (sea surface temperature and measures of its variance) and more static geographical variables (water depth, bathymetric slope, and a categorical variable representing oceanic zone). The explanatory and predictive power of different spatial and temporal resolutions of satellite data were examined and included in the models for each of the 10 species. Alternative models were built using in situ analogs for sea surface temperature and its variance. The remotely sensed and in situ models with the highest predictive ability were selected based on a pseudo-jackknife cross validation procedure. Environmental predictors included in the final models varied by species, but, for each species, overall explanatory power was similar between the remotely sensed and in situ models. Cetacean-habitat models developed using satellite data at 8 d temporal resolution and from 5 to 35 km spatial resolution were shown to have predictive ability that generally met or exceeded models developed with analogous in situ data. This suggests that the former could be an effective tool for resource managers to develop near real-time predictions of cetacean density. C1 [Becker, E. A.; Forney, K. A.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Ferguson, M. C.; Barlow, J.; Redfern, J. V.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Foley, D. G.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Foley, D. G.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Smith, R. C.] UCSB, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Becker, EA (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM ebecker77@cox.net FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [CS-1391]; Southwest Fisheries Science Center FX We are very thankful to everyone who spent long hours collecting the data used in our analyses, including the marine mammal observers, oceanographers, cruise leaders, officers, and crew of the RV 'David Starr Jordan' and RV 'McArthur'. S. Reilly and L. Ballance served as Ecosystem Program Leaders during the shipboard surveys. We thank P. Fiedler for error-checking and editing the thermosalinograph data files. We greatly appreciate the ArcGIS help provided by J. Frew, M. Colee, and R. Cosgrove, and K. Ireson's help in debugging Matlab code. H. Orr's graphical assistance is much appreciated. We thank J. Michaelsen, L. Washburn, W. J. Richardson, and 4 anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and suggestions on this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), under Conservation Project CS-1391, and the Southwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 45 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 26 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 413 BP 163 EP 183 DI 10.3354/meps08696 PG 21 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 646TW UT WOS:000281566900013 ER PT J AU Dudgeon, SR Aronson, RB Bruno, JF Precht, WF AF Dudgeon, Steve R. Aronson, Richard B. Bruno, John F. Precht, William F. TI Phase shifts and stable states on coral reefs SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Alternative stable states; Community state; Coral; Coral reef; Macroalgae; Multiple stable states; Phase shift ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; DIADEMA-ANTILLARUM; DISCOVERY BAY; MACROALGAL DOMINANCE; ECOLOGICAL STABILITY; NATURAL COMMUNITIES; ALTERNATIVE STATES; CARBONATE BUDGETS; YELLOWSTONE FIRES; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AB Recent transitions from coral to macroalgal dominance on some tropical reefs have engendered debate about their causes and effects. A widely accepted view is that reef environments support stable, alternative coral or non-coral assemblages, despite the lack of evidence to support this hypothesis. Confusion in the literature stems from (1) misunderstanding theory; and (2) conflating a switch between alternative stable states with a shift in the phase portrait of a single equilibrial system caused by a persistent change, or trend, in the environment. In the present paper we outline the conceptual derivation of the hypothesis of alternative stable states, distinguish it from the phase-shift hypothesis, and discuss the evidence required to support each one. For cases in which firm conclusions can be drawn, data from fossil and modern reefs overwhelmingly support the phase-shift hypothesis rather than the hypothesis of alternative stable states. On tropical reefs, a given environment evidently supports at most a single stable community. Corals dominate environments that are disturbed primarily by natural events and have small anthropogenic impacts. In such environments, macroalgae dominate a stage during some successional trajectories to the stable, coral-dominated community. In anthropogenically perturbed environments, the resilience of the coral-dominated community is lost, precipitating phase shifts to communities dominated by macroalgae or other non-coral taxa. The implication for reef management and restoration is both substantial and optimistic. To the extent that the environments of degraded reefs are restored, either passively or actively, the communities should return to coral dominance. C1 [Dudgeon, Steve R.] Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Biol, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Aronson, Richard B.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Bruno, John F.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Precht, William F.] NOAA, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. RP Dudgeon, SR (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Biol, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. EM steve.dudgeon@csun.edu FU National Institutes of Health [NIH-SO6GM48680]; Smithsonian Institution's Marine Science Network; Johnson and Hunterdon Oceanographic Research Endowments at the Smithsonian FX We thank many colleagues whose ideas and feedback have greatly influenced our thinking about disturbance dynamics in marine communities. We especially thank P. Dayton, L. Kaufman, C. 'Pete' Peterson, P. Petraitis, W. Sousa, the late J. Sutherland, L. Toth, R. van Woesik and J. Witman for advice and discussion over the years. S. R. D. was supported by the National Institutes of Health GMS-MBRS-SCORE program (NIH-SO6GM48680) during the writing of this manuscript. R. B. A. and W. F. P. were partially supported by the Smithsonian Institution's Marine Science Network, and the Johnson and Hunterdon Oceanographic Research Endowments at the Smithsonian. This is contribution no. 159 from the CSUN Marine Biology Group, contribution no. 888 from the Smithsonian's Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystems (CCRE) Program, and contribution no. 48 from the Institute for Research on Global Climate Change at the Florida Institute of Technology. The content of this manuscript does not reflect any position of the US Government or of NOAA unless otherwise specified. NR 132 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 8 U2 83 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 413 BP 201 EP 216 DI 10.3354/meps08751 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 646TW UT WOS:000281566900016 ER PT J AU Chan, KS Zhang, TY Bailey, KM AF Chan, Kung-Sik Zhang, Tianyang Bailey, Kevin M. TI Otolith biochronology reveals factors underlying dynamics in marine fish larvae SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Environmental factors; Hatchdate distribution; Interventions; Partly parametric nonlinear regression; Walleye pollock; Recruitment ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; WESTERN GULF; ALASKA; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; RECRUITMENT; POPULATIONS; MORTALITY; PATTERNS AB Study of the dynamics in marine fish larvae is notoriously difficult, given their minute size in a vast, complex and variable marine environment. We demonstrate a novel statistical approach, utilizing a panel of 19 annual hatchdate distributions, to unravel environmental and potential harvesting effects on the spawning, hatching and survival processes for walleye pollock in the Gulf of Alaska. Hatchdates are determined from counting daily increments on otoliths of larvae. The hatchdate frequency distribution determined from sampling a population of larvae depends on factors influencing birth and death processes, i.e. spawning times and survival rates. Using a nonlinear and partly parametric statistical model, temperature, strong winds, and the age frequency of spawning adults were found to strongly influence hatchdates. Moreover, the interaction of both a climate regime shift and the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill in 1989 suppressed pollock larval abundance in 1989, with geometrically diminishing after-effects lasting until around 1992. The novel method presented here provides a general framework for unlocking the rich information hidden in hatchdate data about environmental and/or intervention effects on dynamics in marine fishes. C1 [Chan, Kung-Sik; Zhang, Tianyang] Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Bailey, Kevin M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Chan, KS (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, 263 Schaeffer Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM kchan@stat.uiowa.edu FU NSF [CMG-0620789]; Alaska Regional Office; Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX We thank A. Dougherty for otolith reading and summarizing some environmental data. This is FOCI contribution 0733-ROA. This research was partly funded by NSF (CMG-0620789) and by Essential Fish Habitat funds provided by the Alaska Regional Office and Alaska Fisheries Science Center. This article contains supporting information online at www.int-res.com/articles/suppl/m412p001_supp.pdf. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 412 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.3354/meps08698 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 646TM UT WOS:000281565900001 ER PT J AU Copeman, LA Laurel, BJ AF Copeman, L. A. Laurel, B. J. TI Experimental evidence of fatty acid limited growth and survival in Pacific cod larvae SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Gadus macrocephalus; Essential fatty acids; DHA; EPA; Prey quality ID SOLEA-SENEGALENSIS LARVAE; GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; LIPID-COMPOSITION; MARINE FISH; LIVE-PREY; HIPPOGLOSSUS-HIPPOGLOSSUS; MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; BIOCHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; BRACHIONUS-PLICATILIS AB Changing environmental conditions in the North Pacific are altering the lipid/fatty acid (FA) composition of zooplankton assemblages, but the consequences to resident fish larvae are unknown. In the laboratory, we reared Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus larvae over 4 wk on prey enriched with varying levels of 2 essential FAs (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, 22:6 omega-3, and eicosapentanoic acid, EPA, 20:5 omega-3) to determine how this species responded to such changes in prey quality. Ratios of DHA: EPA were chosen to represent the natural variation observed in zooplankton of the North Pacific. We tested the hypotheses whether (1) energetically similar diets comprised of varying levels of DHA and EPA affect growth and survival in Pacific cod larvae, and (2) the highest levels of DHA: EPA (2: 1) are optimal for Pacific cod larvae, as it has been shown for Atlantic species. Pacific cod larvae grew fastest with diets containing high levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA > 22%). Diets with the same total lipid content but different DHA: EPA ratios (<0.1:1 to 2: 1) also mediated growth and lipid composition of the larvae. Unlike Atlantic cod, Pacific cod larvae did not show as high a requirement for DHA relative to EPA but rather achieved largest size-at-age with intermediate DHA: EPA ratios (0.8:1 to 1.1:1). This range most closely resembled DHA: EPA ratios reported from North Pacific copepods, suggesting anomalous years with an over- or under-abundance of DHA-rich dinoflagellates or EPA-rich diatoms may be detrimental to survival and growth of Pacific cod larvae in the field. C1 [Copeman, L. A.; Laurel, B. J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Copeman, L. A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Copeman, LA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM lcopeman@mun.ca FU North Pacific Research Board [605]; Essential Fish Habitat NOAA Fisheries research FX We thank Tom Hurst and Amanda Colton for help with image analysis measures, Michelle Ottmar, and Scott Haines provided laboratory assistance for larviculture and live-food enrichment. We are most grateful to Jeanette Wells and the technical staff in Christopher Parrish's lab for the chromatography of lipid classes and FAs. Thanks to Moti Harel for providing EFA rotifer emulsions and Tim Tripp for captaining boat charters. Drs. Christopher Parrish, Allan Stoner and Michele Davis, and 3 anonymous reviewers gave useful comments and advice on early versions of this manuscript. Thanks also to the North Pacific Research Board (grant #605) and the Essential Fish Habitat NOAA Fisheries research grants for funding this study. The manuscript is NPRB contribution 247. NR 73 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 412 BP 259 EP 272 DI 10.3354/meps08661 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 646TM UT WOS:000281565900021 ER PT J AU Kleisner, KM Walter, JF Diamond, SL Die, DJ AF Kleisner, Kristin M. Walter, John F., III Diamond, Sandra L. Die, David J. TI Modeling the spatial autocorrelation of pelagic fish abundance SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Spatial analysis; Geostatistics; Variogram; Pelagic habitat; Dolphinfish; Bigeye tuna; Yellowfin tuna; Wahoo; Swordfish ID TUNA THUNNUS-ALBACARES; SWORDFISH XIPHIAS-GLADIUS; YELLOWFIN TUNA; CORYPHAENA-HIPPURUS; DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; ACOUSTIC TELEMETRY; VERTICAL MOVEMENTS; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; ATLANTIC; OCEAN AB The relationship between pelagic fish and ocean temperature is cited in many studies, the majority of which investigate correlations of pelagic species and sea surface temperatures (SST). While appropriate for surface-associated species, this may not be accurate for deep-diving fishes. A different way to examine this relationship is to model spatial autocorrelation of fish species and temperatures at an appropriate range of depths. Spatial autocorrelation, the distance at which data are interdependent, is a potential descriptor of the patch size of an organism. Here we modeled spatial autocorrelation for 5 pelagic species that inhabit different depths in the Gulf of Mexico: dolphin-fish Coryphaena hippurus, wahoo Acanthocybium solandri, yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares, swordfish Xiphias gladius, and bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus. Additionally, we modeled spatial autocorrelation for ocean temperatures at the surface, at 200, and 400 m. We hypothesized that autocorrelation distances will be greater for deeper water temperatures and for species that live at deeper depths due to greater homogeneity of deep waters over greater spatial ranges. Results show average distances of autocorrelation on the order of 55 to 60 km for wahoo and dolphinfish, 90 km for yellowfin tuna, and 135 to 145 km for swordfish and bigeye tuna; the same data for temperature were 75, 135, and 300 km for SST, and at 200 and 400 m depth, respectively. Autocorrelation distances of dolphinfish, wahoo, and yellowfin were correlated with that of of SST, while the autocorrelation distance of swordfish and bigeye were correlated with that of temperatures at 200 m. Results suggest that autocorrelation distances may be useful as a proxy for habitat delineation. C1 [Kleisner, Kristin M.; Die, David J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Walter, John F., III] NOAA, SE Fishery Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Diamond, Sandra L.] Univ Western Sydney, Sch Nat Sci, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia. RP Kleisner, KM (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM k.kleisner@fisheries.ubc.ca FU Cooperative Unit of Fisheries and Education Research (CUFER) of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) and Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) FX This work was supported by funding from the Cooperative Unit of Fisheries and Education Research (CUFER) of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) and Fisheries and the Environment (FATE). The authors thank NOAA and the Southeast Fishery Science Center for providing access to the pelagic longline data and E. Ryan for processing the World Ocean Database XBT data. NR 72 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 28 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 411 BP 203 EP 213 DI 10.3354/meps08667 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 636UH UT WOS:000280768100016 ER PT J AU D'Alessandro, EK Sponaugle, S Serafy, JE AF D'Alessandro, E. K. Sponaugle, S. Serafy, J. E. TI Larval ecology of a suite of snappers (family: Lutjanidae) in the Straits of Florida, western Atlantic Ocean SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Snapper larvae; Larval growth; Larval mortality; Larval distribution ID CORAL-REEF FISH; GULF-OF-MEXICO; POPULATION CONNECTIVITY; YELLOWTAIL SNAPPER; SPAWNING AGGREGATIONS; OCYURUS-CHRYSURUS; GRAY SNAPPER; MARINE FISH; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; NORTHCENTRAL GULF AB Despite the ecological and economic importance of western Atlantic Ocean lutjanid species, little is known about their larval stage. Pelagic larval distribution, abundance, growth, mortality, and spawning patterns of 6 western Atlantic snapper species were examined from ichthyoplankton samples collected monthly over 2 yr along a transect spanning the east-west axis of the Straits of Florida (SOF). Successful spawning occurred primarily from July to September when water temperatures were warmest and larvae were most abundant in the upper 50 m towards the east or west sides of the SOF. Species-specific variability in spatiotemporal larval patterns tracked adult life history characters. Larvae of species associated with shallow coral reefs were spawned in the waning half of the lunar cycle (third quarter to new moon), were most abundant in the 0 to 25 m depth range, and where cross-SOF distributions were not uniform, were distributed mainly towards the eastern SOF. Larvae of deeper-dwelling species exhibited lower mortality and no lunar pattern in spawning (Etelis oculatus only), were distributed deeper in the water column and occurred progressively deeper with ontogeny, and where cross-SOF distributions were not uniform, were most abundant in the western SOF. Despite species-specific variability in spatial distributions and equivalent east-west mortality rates, at least one measure of larval growth in 4 of 6 species of snapper revealed significantly faster growth in the western versus the eastern SOF, which may be related to higher prey availability in the west. Results of this study provide insight into the pelagic phase of 6 important snapper species, with implications for understanding adult populations. C1 [D'Alessandro, E. K.; Sponaugle, S.; Serafy, J. E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Serafy, J. E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP D'Alessandro, EK (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM edalessa@rsmas.miami.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE 0136132] FX This study was supported by a National Science Foundation grant (OCE 0136132) to R. K. Cowen, S. Sponaugle, S. Smith, K. Leaman, D. Olson and J. Serafy. R. K. Cowen, D. Richardson, J. Llopiz, C. Guigand, P. Lane, A. Shiroza, K. Leaman, P. Vertes, K. Huebert, and S. Smith participated in shipboard cruises. All samples were collected under University of Miami Animal Care and Use Committee permit nos. 02063 and 05134. Sample sorting was conducted by L. Gundlach, A. Exum, and S. Trbovich, and family level identifications were made by J. Llopiz and D. Richardson. Assistance with molecular identification of larvae was provided by D. Crawford, J. VanWye, A. Miake, M. Everett, T. Laberge-McDonald, and L. Williams. A previous version of the manuscript was improved upon thanks to comments from R. K. Cowen, A. Acosta, and D. Lirman. NR 61 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 410 BP 159 EP 175 DI 10.3354/meps08632 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 636UG UT WOS:000280768000012 ER PT J AU Friedlander, AM Sandin, SA DeMartini, EE Sala, E AF Friedlander, Alan M. Sandin, Stuart A. DeMartini, Edward E. Sala, Enric TI Spatial patterns of the structure of reef fish assemblages at a pristine atoll in the central Pacific SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Predator-dominated ecosystem; Pristine atoll; Fish assemblage structure; Kingman Reef; Zonation ID NORTHERN LINE ISLANDS; MARINE FOOD WEBS; CORAL-REEF; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; PREDATORY FISH; DEPTH GRADIENT; COMMUNITIES; BIOMASS; SIZE; ECOSYSTEMS AB We conducted in situ diver surveys describing the spatial structure of reef fish assemblages at Kingman Reef, an unexploited and remote atoll in the central North Pacific. Structural patterns reflect natural ecological processes that are not influenced by fishing or other anthropogenic factors. The most striking feature of this assemblage is an inverted biomass pyramid dominated by apex predators, primarily sharks and large snappers, across all depth and habitat strata examined. This pattern is most pronounced at greater depths (20 m) on the fore reef. Apex predators dominated to lesser extents in back-reef, patch-reef, and shallow fore-reef habitats. Prey assemblage size spectra showed fewer large prey and greater numbers of prey from small size classes at locations with greater piscivore biomass. Other patterns of prey abundance generally conformed to those previously observed at more commonly encountered, human-altered reefs (e. g. highest herbivore abundance on back reefs and shallower depths on the fore reefs; greater planktivore prevalence deeper on the fore reef). The latter patterns, however, inadvertently miss the less obvious differences in assemblage dynamics that result from alterations in the size structures of prey fish populations where apex predators have been heavily exploited or extirpated. The present study of a fully intact coral reef suggests that (1) piscivores are common across all habitats and depths, (2) the presence of predators does not lead to appreciable reductions in the biomass of other guilds, and (3) predators alter the size structure and therefore the potential productivity and energy flow of the ecosystem. C1 [Friedlander, Alan M.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Sandin, Stuart A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [DeMartini, Edward E.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Sala, Enric] CSIC, Ctr Estudis Avancats Blanes, Blanes 17300, Spain. [Sala, Enric] Natl Geog Soc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Friedlander, AM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM alan.friedlander@hawaii.edu FU NOAA Fisheries, Office of Habitat Conservation, Coral Reef Conservation FX We thank the captain and crew of the MV 'Searcher' for logistical support and hospitality. The US Fish and Wildlife Service granted permission to operate in the Kingman Atoll National Wildlife Refuge. This study was made possible thanks to the generous support of the National Geographic Society, the Moore Family Foundation, The Fair-weather Foundation, The Medical Foundation for the Study of the Environment, Ed Scripps, John Rowe, and another private donor. Financial support was also provided by NOAA Fisheries, Office of Habitat Conservation, Coral Reef Conservation Program (to E.E.D.). NR 49 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 44 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 410 BP 219 EP 231 DI 10.3354/meps08634 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 636UG UT WOS:000280768000016 ER PT J AU Archer, FI Redfern, JV Gerrodette, T Chivers, SJ Perrin, WF AF Archer, Frederick I. Redfern, Jessica V. Gerrodette, Tim Chivers, Susan J. Perrin, William F. TI Estimation of relative exposure of dolphins to fishery activity SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Fishery exposure; Dolphin; Eastern tropical Pacific ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; PURSE-SEINE FISHERY; STENELLA-ATTENUATA; SPOTTED DOLPHINS; POPULATIONS; OCEAN; LONGIROSTRIS; VARIABILITY; DELPHINIDAE; BEHAVIOR AB For the past half-century, the purse seine fishery for yellowfin tuna has been a significant factor in the lives of dolphins in the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP). However, little is known about how frequently an individual dolphin is exposed to the fishery, and there are no methods available for accurately assessing the prior exposure of dolphins encountered at sea. Here we present a method to estimate an index of exposure based on a model of dolphin movement derived from data collected from multiple tracking studies. Based on this movement model, the method weights purse seine sets given their distance from a particular school of dolphins sighted at sea and how long ago they occurred. The method also takes into account the species composition and school size in the set. As a demonstration, we use the method to examine the spatial and temporal distribution of this index over an 11 yr period for which we have detailed data on purse seine sets. While the method has been designed for examining exposure to the ETP purse seine fishery, it is also applicable to studies of other anthropogenic effects where there is concern about exposure rates, such as underwater sound, pollution, or ship strikes. C1 [Archer, Frederick I.; Redfern, Jessica V.; Gerrodette, Tim; Chivers, Susan J.; Perrin, William F.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Archer, FI (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM eric.archer@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 410 BP 245 EP 255 DI 10.3354/meps08641 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 636UG UT WOS:000280768000018 ER PT J AU Martino, EJ Houde, ED AF Martino, E. J. Houde, E. D. TI Recruitment of striped bass in Chesapeake Bay: spatial and temporal environmental variability and availability of zooplankton prey SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; Striped bass; Recruitment variability; Larval fish; Zooplankton; Trophodynamics; Biophysical interactions ID ESTUARINE TURBIDITY MAXIMUM; SMELT OSMERUS-MORDAX; PERCH MORONE-AMERICANA; LARVAL-STAGE GROWTH; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; WHITE PERCH; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NORTH-SEA; SAXATILIS; RIVER AB Causes of recruitment variability in young-of-the-year (YOY) striped bass Morone saxatilis from Chesapeake Bay were investigated based on (1) surveys from 2001 to 2003 to document spatio-temporal variability in abundance of larval striped bass, zooplankton prey, and feeding success of larvae; (2) a synthetic analysis (1996, 1998, 1999, 2001 to 2003) to describe how environmental factors and prey affect recruitment success; and (3) a 10 yr analysis (1993 to 2002) of inter-annual differences in spatial and temporal patterns of copepods and cladocera eaten by striped bass larvae. Striped bass YOY recruitment levels varied >11-fold in the 6 years examined. In those years, mean daily freshwater flows from the Susquehanna River to the bay in March and April varied >2-fold and controlled distribution and apparent survival of striped bass larvae. Strong recruitments of YOY striped bass were associated with matches in space and time of larval striped bass and high concentrations of zooplankton prey, especially the copepod Eurytemora affinis and cladoceran Bosmina longirostris. The strongest year classes (1996, 2003) were produced in years of high freshwater flow, characterized by a high abundance of feeding-stage larvae and a spatio-temporal match between peak abundance of larvae and zooplankton prey. Enhanced feeding opportunities were most pronounced in high freshwater-flow years (1996, 1998, 2003), when larvae and zooplankton prey were strongly associated with, and apparently retained near, the estuarine turbidity maximum. First-feeding larvae fed more successfully in a high-flow year (2003; prey incidence 91%) than in a drier year (2001; prey incidence 35%). A regression model that may have forecasting potential was developed to describe recruitment of YOY striped bass for the years from 1985 to 2006. The model includes spring freshwater flow and air temperatures to predict age-0 striped bass recruitment strength (R-2 = 0.65). Flow and temperature control environmental and hydrographic conditions that strongly influence spatio-temporal overlap of larval striped bass and zooplankton. The model provided accurate recruitment forecasts for 2007 and 2009, but was less successful in 2008, a year of exceptionally low recruitment. C1 [Martino, E. J.; Houde, E. D.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Martino, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. EM ed.martino@noaa.gov RI Houde, Edward/D-8498-2012 FU US National Science Foundation [OCE-0002543, OCE-0453905]; Maryland Sea Grant Graduate Research Fellowship; MDDNR; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Oxford Laboratory FX We appreciate the dedicated work of J. Bichy, L. Beaven, S. Gibson, and C. Lozano, who assisted in the field and laboratory. Reviews and editorial comments on an early version of the manuscript were provided by X. Zhang and W. Connelly. We appreciate insights provided by E. North and L. Sanford on ETM biophysics and by R. Wood on climatology. M. Roman provided insights on zooplankton and acoustic data used to estimate zooplankton abundance. E. Durrell provided information on sampling and data from the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (MDDNR) juvenile fish survey. We are grateful for support provided by the captains and crews on board the RV 'Orion', RV 'Aquarius', and RV 'Cape Henlopen'. This research was supported by US National Science Foundation Grants No. OCE-0002543 and OCE-0453905 and a Maryland Sea Grant Graduate Research Fellowship. We also thank MDDNR and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Oxford Laboratory for partial support during the preparation of this manuscript. NR 65 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 27 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 409 BP 213 EP 228 DI 10.3354/meps08586 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 614JR UT WOS:000279054000018 ER PT J AU Zeppelin, TK Orr, AJ AF Zeppelin, Tonya K. Orr, Anthony J. TI Stable isotope and scat analyses indicate diet and habitat partitioning in northern fur seals Callorhinus ursinus across the eastern Pacific SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Callorhinus ursinus; Diet; Habitat; Northern fur seal; Scat; Stable isotopes ID LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; TROPHIC-LEVEL PREDATORS; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; DIVING BEHAVIOR; MARINE MAMMALS; BERING-SEA; FOOD-WEB; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; FORAGING HABITATS; PINNIPED DIETS AB We used stable isotope (SI) and scat analyses to describe and compare the foraging ecology of northern fur seals Callorhinus ursinus from different rookeries throughout their North American range, including rookeries on the following islands: Bogoslof Island (BI), Alaska; Reef and Vostochni on St. Paul Island (SPI), Alaska; and San Miguel Island (SMI), California. SI samples were collected from 36 adult females and 37 juveniles in Alaska, and 9 adult females and 7 pups on SMI during fall 2006. Isotopic analyses of blood and fur indicated differences in stable carbon (delta C-13) and nitrogen (delta N-15) isotope values within an individual, between age classes, and among locations. At all sites, adult females generally had higher delta C-13 compared to their younger conspecifics for all tissues, suggesting that they forage in different locations. Mean delta N-15 values of adult females were lower compared to those of pups at SMI, higher than those of juveniles on SPI, and similar to those of juveniles on BI, suggesting differences in trophic level between age classes at all locations except on BI. We found differences in delta C-13 values at all islands, suggesting that animals at each location forage in different oceanic domains. The delta N-15 values of all age classes indicated that animals at SMI and Vostochni feed at similar trophic levels within their respective communities, but feed at higher trophic levels than animals at Reef and BI. Scat analysis supported SI results in that animals from each location were found to feed on species associated with unique oceanic features. By using scat and SI analyses, we were able to acquire a better understanding of the foraging ecology of different-aged conspecifics from multiple locations. C1 [Zeppelin, Tonya K.; Orr, Anthony J.] NOAA, NMML, AFSC, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Zeppelin, TK (reprint author), NOAA, NMML, AFSC, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM tonya.zeppelin@noaa.gov NR 93 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 21 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 409 BP 241 EP 253 DI 10.3354/meps08624 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 614JR UT WOS:000279054000020 ER PT J AU Shaw, PW Hendrickson, L McKeown, NJ Stonier, T Naud, MJ Sauer, WHH AF Shaw, P. W. Hendrickson, L. McKeown, N. J. Stonier, T. Naud, M. -J. Sauer, W. H. H. TI Discrete spawning aggregations of loliginid squid do not represent genetically distinct populations SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Loligo sp.; Doryteuthis sp.; Squid population genetics; Spawning aggregations; Panmixia; Microsatellite DNA; MICROCHECKER; Null alleles ID CHOKKA SQUID; VULGARIS-REYNAUDII; SOUTH-AFRICA; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; ILLEX-ILLECEBROSUS; DNA VARIATION; FINNED SQUID; AGULHAS-BANK; GENE FLOW AB Establishing whether heavily fished spawning aggregations of squid represent genetically distinct populations is important for fisheries management, especially in light of recent efforts to apply ecosystem-based management methods and the importance of squid as both predator and prey. Most squid species have the potential for high dispersal rates due to lengthy planktonic paralarval stages and highly migratory adult stages. Such life-history traits lead to predictions of genetic homogeneity (i.e. panmixia) of squid populations across large geographical areas. However, testing this hypothesis can be difficult, because spawning populations of squid are highly mobile and spawning sites are either unknown or spread sparsely over large geographical areas. Loligo reynaudii and Doryteuthis (Amerigo) pealeii are 2 squid species that are commercially fished on inshore spawning grounds located off the coasts of South Africa and the eastern USA, respectively, and for which highly localised spawning aggregations have been documented. We sampled discrete spawning aggregations of these 2 neritic species, so that the highest likelihood of sampling true reproductive populations was achieved, in order to determine whether such spawning aggregations represent discrete genetic populations. As has been reported for many squid species, the levels of genetic diversity detected at nuclear microsatellite DNA loci, within both L. reynaudii and D. pealeii, were high and consistent across all samples. Our results for D. pealeii indicated that adjustments of allele frequencies using MICROCHECKER to take the presence of null alleles into account may introduce bias, due to the presence of loci with small numbers of common alleles; this leads to a conclusion that there is significant genetic differentiation among populations where none exists. For both species, our results indicated no significant genetic differentiation of populations and, thus, no association of spawning aggregations with distinct genetic subpopulations, across the main spawning ranges sampled. C1 [Shaw, P. W.; McKeown, N. J.; Naud, M. -J.] Royal Holloway Univ London, Sch Biol Sci, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. [Hendrickson, L.] US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Stonier, T.; Sauer, W. H. H.] Rhodes Univ, Dept Ichthyol & Fisheries Sci, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. RP Shaw, PW (reprint author), Royal Holloway Univ London, Sch Biol Sci, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. EM p.shaw@rhul.ac.uk NR 61 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 23 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 408 BP 117 EP 127 DI 10.3354/meps08593 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 613KT UT WOS:000278978800012 ER PT J AU Wang, JH Fisler, S Swimmer, Y AF Wang, John H. Fisler, Shara Swimmer, Yonat TI Developing visual deterrents to reduce sea turtle bycatch in gill net fisheries SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Bycatch; Sea turtles; Gill net; Longlines ID LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; LONGLINE FISHERIES; PELAGIC LONGLINES; LEPIDOCHELYS-OLIVACEA; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; FISHING GEAR; MORTALITY; PACIFIC; GREEN AB Visual cues play important roles in sea turtle foraging behavior and likely influence their interactions with fishing gear. Altering these cues may be a useful strategy to reduce the incidental catch of sea turtles in various fisheries. We examined the potential effectiveness of 3 visual cues-shark shapes placed along the length of the gill net, illumination of nets by LED lights, and nets illuminated with chemical lightsticks-in reducing bycatch of green sea turtles Chelonia mydas in gill nets. We then adapted these potential deterrents into commercial bottom gill net fishery to quantify their effects on target fish catch rates and the catch value. Our results indicate that the presence of shark shapes significantly reduced the mean catch rates of green turtles by 54% but also reduced target catch by 45% and, correspondingly, catch value by 47%. In contrast, nets illuminated by LED lights significantly reduced mean sea turtle catch rates by 40% while having negligible impacts on target catch and catch value. Similarly, nets illuminated by chemical lightsticks also significantly reduced mean sea turtle catch rates by 60% while having no significant impact on target catch and catch value. These results illustrate the potential for modifying fishing gear with visual deterrents to effectively reduce sea turtle catch rates. C1 [Wang, John H.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Fisler, Shara] Ocean Discovery Inst, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. [Swimmer, Yonat] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. RP Wang, JH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1125B Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM john.wang@noaa.gov FU NMFS-PIFSC; NMFS-SWFRO; NOAA-BREP; Hawaii FDRP; Ocean Discovery Institute: CONACYT, International Community Foundation; JiJi Foundation; J. W. Sefton Foundation; Marisla Foundation; Orange County Community Foundation; PADI Foundation; Mexican government through the Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP); NOAA [N-A17RJ1230] FX We thank the following Ocean Discovery Institute students for their hard work and willingness to tackle diverse challenges: E. Alva, A. Alvarez, U. Barraza, C. Castro, C. Corado, L. Cueva, K. C. Dam, A. C. Figueroa, Y. Mehari, D. Mercado, N. Rangel, M. Rivera, A. Rodriguez, S. Sillas, S. Thang, T. Tran, and E. Trujillo. We also thank the fishers and communities of Punta Abreojos, Baja California, Mexico, in particular the members of Grupo Tortugero de las Californias, including I. Arce, R. Lopez Espinosa, A. Camacho Liera, I. Patron de la Toba, J. Villavicencio, F. Valenzuela Zuniga and M. Valenzuela Zuniga; and the fishers and communities of Bahia de los Angeles, Baja California, Mexico, in particular H. Romero Arce, E. Paredes Arroyo, E. Ocana Fuerte, R. Ocana Fuerte, F. Verdugo Leree, H. Morales Romero, E. Cordero Rubio, B. Morales Valdez, and B. Navarro Verdugo. We thank E. Ezcurra and A. Resendiz for their support and expertise and also the Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas (B. Bermudez, A. Zavala Gonzalez, and C. Godinez Reyes). In addition, we thank K. Dean, C. Fahy, S. Green, B. Higgins, T. T. Jones, E. Kane, D. Lawson, M. Lopez, C. Marshall, W. J. Nichols, J. Rodriguez, A. Salazar, J. Sandoval, and J. Seminoff. We also thank the staff of the Ocean Discovery Institute, including S. Akhtar, S. Blakeslee, A. Correia, E. Finkbeiner, L. Hall, C. Hooven, M. Kansteiner, M. Katigbak, K. C. Nguyen, M. Ortega, L. Peavey, C. Pisbe, E. Ruiz, V. Sandoval, and M. Simon. We thank L. Benaka for his continued support and K. Bigelow, C. Boggs, G. Balaz, M. Snover, and 3 anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. This work was supported by NMFS-PIFSC, NMFS-SWFRO, NOAA-BREP, the Hawaii FDRP, and the following supporters of Ocean Discovery Institute: CONACYT, International Community Foundation, JiJi Foundation, J. W. Sefton Foundation, Marisla Foundation, Fund of the Orange County Community Foundation, PADI Foundation Project Aware. The Mexican government through the Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP) authorized this research. All animal handling procedures were in compliance with the IACUC protocols of the University of Hawaii, Manoa. The work described in this paper was sponsored by the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research under Cooperative Agreement N-A17RJ1230 from NOAA. NR 47 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 26 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 408 BP 241 EP 250 DI 10.3354/meps08577 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 613KT UT WOS:000278978800021 ER PT J AU Rooker, JR Stunz, GW Holt, SA Minello, TJ AF Rooker, Jay R. Stunz, Gregory W. Holt, Scott A. Minello, Thomas J. TI Population connectivity of red drum in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Otolith chemistry; Site fidelity; Natal homing; Residency; Stable isotopes; Stock identification; Estuarine contribution; Nursery origin; Red drum ID SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; FISH OTOLITHS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; ESTUARINE FISH; BLUEFIN TUNA; HUDSON RIVER; MARINE FISH; CHEMISTRY; HABITATS; FLORIDA AB Stable carbon (delta C-13) and oxygen (delta O-18) isotope ratios in otoliths were used to assess the degree of connectivity between early life and adult habitats of red drum Sciaenops ocellatus in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Young-of-the-year (YOY) red drum were sampled over a 3 yr period from major estuaries along the Texas coast, and otolith delta C-13 and delta O-18 were quantified to determine whether chemical tags in otoliths were region specific. North to south gradients were pronounced for otolith delta C-13 and delta O-18, with values being higher (enriched in the heavier isotope) for YOY red drum from southern estuaries relative to those in the north. Four distinct regional groups of YOY red drum were identified using otolith delta C-13 and delta O-18: North (N), Sabine Lake and East Galveston Bay; North-Central (NC), Christmas Bay and Matagorda Bay; South-Central (SC), Aransas Bay and Redfish Bay; and South (S), Laguna Madre. Overall classification success to these regional nurseries was high for each year examined: 2001 (92%), 2002 (82%) and 2003 (90%). Mixed-stock analysis performed with age-2+ red drum collected in 2003 matched to the 2001 YOY baseline indicated that most of the sub-adult and adult red drum sampled in the S and SC regions were produced from the same areas (82 to 91%), with limited exchange between these regions. Mixing was more pronounced in the northern regions (N, NC), with a large percentage (35 to 42%) of individuals originating from the adjacent region to the south. Overall, the majority of sub-adult and adult red drum was collected within or near the same region occupied during the YOY period, suggestive of natal homing, retention within specific estuarine corridors, or lower survivability of recruits migrating from distant regions. C1 [Rooker, Jay R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Stunz, Gregory W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Stunz, Gregory W.] Texas A&M Univ, Harte Res Inst Gulf Mexico Studies, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Holt, Scott A.] Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Dept Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Minello, Thomas J.] Galveston Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Rooker, JR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, 5007 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM rookerj@tamug.edu RI Rooker, Jay/M-3197-2013 OI Rooker, Jay/0000-0002-5934-7688 FU NOAA [NA06OAR4170076] FX We thank A. Davis, C. Pratt, R. Schloesser, D. Wells and M. Zapp for their assistance in the field or lab. Funding for this study was provided by Texas Sea Grant (NOAA award #NA06OAR4170076. NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 28 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 407 BP 187 EP 196 DI 10.3354/meps08605 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 613KR UT WOS:000278978600015 ER PT J AU Stunz, GW Minello, TJ Rozas, LP AF Stunz, Gregory W. Minello, Thomas J. Rozas, Lawrence P. TI Relative value of oyster reef as habitat for estuarine nekton in Galveston Bay, Texas SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Oyster reef; Essential fish habitat; Nekton habitat use; Estuarine habitat ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; JUVENILE RED DRUM; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; SALT-MARSHES; BLUE CRABS; FISH; SEAGRASS; GROWTH; SELECTION AB Biogenic reefs formed by dense aggregations of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica are a dominant feature in most estuarine systems along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Oyster reefs are complex in their structural nature and have long been recognized for their potential habitat value. However, relatively few studies have characterized nekton abundance in this complex habitat type, and live high-relief oyster beds have been particularly difficult to sample with conventional gear. We used a quantitative sampling device to compare nekton use among high-relief live oyster reef, vegetated marsh edge Spartina alterniflora, and nonvegetated bottom habitat types. During 1 yr of seasonal sampling we collected 3791 fishes and 12 386 crustaceans representing 38 and 21 different species, respectively. Density and biomass of most fishes and crustaceans were significantly higher in oyster reef than over nonvegetated bottom. For benthic crustaceans, oyster reef supported a higher density and biomass than vegetated marsh edge. Nektonic crustaceans were generally more abundant in marsh edge than on oyster reef. Species composition and richness varied among habitat types and season; however, richness was highest in oyster reef, followed by marsh edge, and lowest on nonvegetated bottom, except during seasonal low densities during winter. Species composition and size differences were observed among habitat types. Our results show that oyster reef supports a high density, biomass, and richness of estuarine nekton in relation to typically examined estuarine habitat types and has the potential to be an essential habitat. Identifying and quantifying the role of oyster reefs will be critical to implementing effective management for essential fish habitat. C1 [Stunz, Gregory W.] Texas A&M Univ, Harte Res Inst Gulf Mexico Studies, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Stunz, Gregory W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Minello, Thomas J.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Rozas, Lawrence P.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, SEFC, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Stunz, GW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Harte Res Inst Gulf Mexico Studies, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM greg.stunz@tamucc.edu FU NOAA Restoration Center; Southeast Fisheries Science Center; Texas Research Development Fund FX This research was conducted through the NOAA Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center by personnel from the Fishery Ecology Branch (FEB) located at the Galveston Laboratory and the Harte Research Institute (HRI) for Gulf of Mexico Studies at Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi. The assistance of everyone in the FEB and HRI was essential for the successful completion of this project. In particular, we thank Jim Ditty, Jennifer Doerr, Shawn Hi lien, Kirk Kilfoyle, Juan Salas, Suraida Nanez-James, Mike Lowe, Janelle Case, Harley Clinton, Jamie Eckles, Katherine Hess, Kelly Finn, Larry Perez, and Torrie Mac-beth for logistical support, field collections, and laboratory sorting. Special thanks to Megan Reese Robillard and John Froeschke for critical evaluation of the manuscript and consultation on statistical analyses and Jason Williams for help creating Fig. 1. We acknowledge the NOAA Restoration Center, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, and the Texas Research Development Fund for funding this research project. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NOAA Fisheries Service. Finally, we would like to acknowledge 4 anonymous reviewers who provided insightful comments and suggestions that greatly improved this manuscript. NR 68 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 406 BP 147 EP 159 DI 10.3354/meps08556 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 606QD UT WOS:000278441200012 ER PT J AU Byron, CJ Link, JS AF Byron, Carrie J. Link, Jason S. TI Stability in the feeding ecology of four demersal fish predators in the US Northeast Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Black sea bass; Scup; Northern searobin; Striped searobin; Benthic; Ontogenetic shifts; Northwest Atlantic; Canonical correspondence analysis ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GEORGES BANK; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PLECTROPOMUS-LEOPARDUS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; PRIONOTUS-EVOLANS; TROPHIC ECOLOGY; GUILD STRUCTURE AB Evidence of species interactions are generally well understood over broad temporal and spatial scales, particularly for commercially valuable species. Yet species that are not as commercially valuable may nonetheless be ecologically important in stabilizing trophic interactions in large marine ecosystems. We examined the diets for 4 of these demersal fish species: black sea bass Centropristis striata, scup Stenotomus chrysops, Northern searobin Prionotus carolinus, and striped searobin P. evolans. We examined food habits data across size class, season, 5 yr time block, and geographic region to evaluate the major determinants of diet composition. We used multivariate statistics, specifically canonical correspondence analysis, as the primary method to explore diet determinants. Our results showed that the scup and 2 searobin species are primarily benthivorous, whereas black sea bass notably shifts towards piscivory with ontogeny. Our results also showed that the diet of these predators was mainly influenced by size class, region, and (to a lesser extent) season, whereas 5 yr time block did not notably influence diet composition, a surprising observation given the well-documented changes to benthic habitat in this ecosystem. These results suggest that these species feed opportunistically in proportion to the relative abundance of available prey given the constraints of their morphology, which implies that despite notable impacts to benthic habitat, the prey field for these understudied species has been consistent (within seasonal variation) over the past 3 decades. Stable feeding dynamics such as these may act to enhance resilience in large marine ecosystems. C1 [Byron, Carrie J.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries Anim & Vet Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Link, Jason S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Byron, CJ (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries Anim & Vet Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM carriebyron@mail.uri.edu RI Byron, Carrie/B-6606-2014 OI Byron, Carrie/0000-0003-3820-7392 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [0504103]; URI IGERT faculty FX This research was sponsored by National Science Foundation (NSF) Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) grant number 0504103 to the University of Rhode Island (URI) Coastal Institute. Thank you to the URI IGERT faculty and fellows for providing support and the opportunity for collaboration with the Northeast Fisheries Science Center. We thank those dedicated staff, past and present, who have collected and maintained the food habits database at the Northeast Fisheries Science Center, most particularly B. Smith. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments on prior versions of this manuscript. NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 25 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 406 BP 239 EP 250 DI 10.3354/meps08570 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 606QD UT WOS:000278441200019 ER PT J AU Weber, ED McClatchie, S AF Weber, E. D. McClatchie, S. TI Predictive models of northern anchovy Engraulis mordax and Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax spawning habitat in the California Current SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Spawning habitat; Anchovy; Sardine; California Current; Logistic regression; Generalized additive models ID CURRENT SYSTEM; SOUTHERN; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; ECOSYSTEM; PATTERNS; CALCOFI; EGGS AB We modeled presence of anchovy and sardine eggs in the California Current from 1984 to 2009 using predictors related to water mass properties and primary productivity. Spawning areas could be predicted with good discrimination for anchovy, as indicated by logistic models with an area under receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC; i.e. probability of concordance) of 0.86, and acceptable discrimination for sardine, as indicated by an AUC of 0.79. Knowledge of 3-dimensional characteristics of the water column was particularly important for predicting anchovy spawning habitat, as indicated by 2 variables: depth at which maximum chlorophyll a (chl a) occurred and an index of geostrophic flow. These variables were not useful predictors in the sardine model. For both species, variables related to low productivity limited modeled spawning probability most frequently during the 1980s and 1990s, but low temperature was most frequently limiting during the 2000s. Egg abundance was extremely patchy for both species; models to predict numbers of eggs conditional on their presence had almost no additional predictive ability for either species. However, most eggs occurred in areas where predicted probabilities of egg presence were relatively high. About 80% of anchovy eggs were captured in 40% of the samples that had modeled capture probabilities >= 0.25. About 80% of sardine eggs were captured in 35% of the samples that had predicted probabilities of capture >= 0.25. These models may be useful for understanding interannual changes in populations of predators that depend on anchovies and sardine. They could also improve the precision of fisheries surveys if predictors were collected beforehand using unmanned gliders. C1 [Weber, E. D.; McClatchie, S.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Weber, ED (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM ed.weber@noaa.gov RI Weber, Edward/A-6986-2009 OI Weber, Edward/0000-0002-0942-434X FU U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System program; Ocean Associates Inc; NOAA FX We thank P. Fiedler, N. Lo, and A. Takasuka, and 4 anonymous reviewers for reviewing the manuscript. We are indebted to the many scientists who collected data for the CalCOFI program on which this manuscript relies. The senior author was supported by a grant from the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System program, We thank C. Oliver of NOAA and J. Everett of Ocean Associates Inc. for administering funding. NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 406 BP 251 EP 263 DI 10.3354/meps08544 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 606QD UT WOS:000278441200020 ER PT J AU Buckley, LJ Lough, RG Mountain, D AF Buckley, L. J. Lough, R. G. Mountain, D. TI Seasonal trends in mortality and growth of cod and haddock larvae result in an optimal window for survival SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Transition size; Vital rates; Photoperiod; Seasonal trends; Atlantic cod; Haddock ID GADUS-MORHUA; GEORGES-BANK; ATLANTIC COD; MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; EARLY-LIFE; FOOD AVAILABILITY; STRIPED BASS; MARINE FISH; TEMPERATURE AB Changing climate and global depletion of fish stocks have added urgency to the century-old quest to understand the factors controlling fish production. The leading hypotheses advanced to explain the large (orders of magnitude) inter-annual variability in recruitment of young fish emphasize rapid growth and a match to prey production in the first weeks after hatching, although avoiding predators may be of equal or greater importance. Here we show for 2 important North Atlantic groundfish (Atlantic cod Gadus morhua and haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus) that seasonal patterns in growth (G) and mortality (M) rates of young larvae combine in some years to yield a window of opportunity when M falls below G within days after hatching and cohort biomass increases rapidly possibly leading to high recruitment. Contrary to expectations, this window occurs early in the seasonal production cycle (February to March) when temperatures are near their annual minimum, fish larvae and their prey are relatively scarce, and G is low. In most cases examined, later, faster-growing cohorts appear to be rapidly lost to a suite of vertebrate and invertebrate predators whose abundance, metabolism, and consumption increase through the spring with increasing water temperature. In this seasonally varying environment, size on year day may be critical to minimizing M/G. Our data demonstrate the importance of rapid growth throughout the season cycle, but particularly early in the season when temperatures, potential prey, and predators are at seasonal low levels. These findings reinforce the importance of management practices protecting larger, older females that begin spawning earlier in the season and produce larger, more viable eggs and larvae. C1 [Buckley, L. J.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Lough, R. G.; Mountain, D.] NOAA NMFS, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Buckley, LJ (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, S Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM lbuckley@gso.uri.edu FU NOAA; NSF FX This is contribution no. 660 of the US GLOBEC program, jointly funded by NOAA and NSF. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 405 BP 57 EP 69 DI 10.3354/meps08503 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 601EP UT WOS:000278041300005 ER PT J AU Litz, MNC Brodeur, RD Emmett, RL Heppell, SS Rasmussen, RS O'Higgins, L Morris, MS AF Litz, Marisa N. C. Brodeur, Richard D. Emmett, Robert L. Heppell, Selina S. Rasmussen, Rosalee S. O'Higgins, Linda Morris, Matthew S. TI Effects of variable oceanographic conditions on forage fish lipid content and fatty acid composition in the northern California Current SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Forage fish; Small coastal pelagics; Lipids; Fatty acids; Bottom-up effects; Warm ocean conditions; EPA; DHA ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SPECIES COMPOSITION; CURRENT ECOSYSTEM; ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; TROPHIC MARKERS; CLIMATE REGIME; WEST-COAST AB Lipids and fatty acids (FA) were investigated in 4 species of forage fish: northern anchovy Engraulis mordax, Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax, Pacific herring Clupea pallasi, and whitebait smelt Allosmerus elongatus, for their ability to serve as biological indicators of ocean conditions in the California Current large marine ecosystem (CCLME). Samples were collected during the oceanographically contrasting years of 2005 and 2006. Upwelling was severely curtailed in the spring and early summer of 2005, leading to delayed biological productivity, whereas upwelling was relatively normal in spring 2006. Principal components analysis described 78% of the variance within the lipid and FA dataset using the first 2 principal components. We found significant intra- and interspecific, interannual, and seasonal differences in lipid and FA profiles using univariate and permutation-based multivariate analysis of variance. Indicator species analysis showed distinct lipid and FA properties associated with each fish species. Using the ratio of docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3) to eicosapentaeonic acid (C20:5n-3), we detected a transition from a diet composed primarily of dinoflagellate origin in early 2005 to a diet resulting from diatom-based productivity by late summer 2006. This shift was due to interannual differences in primary production, which was confirmed through phytoplankton sampling. Our study demonstrates that lipid and FA biomarkers in the forage fish community can provide information on ocean conditions and productivity that affect food web structure in the CCLME. C1 [Litz, Marisa N. C.; O'Higgins, Linda] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.; Emmett, Robert L.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Estuarine & Ocean Ecol Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Heppell, Selina S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Rasmussen, Rosalee S.] Oregon State Univ, Seafood Res Lab, Astoria, OR 97103 USA. [Morris, Matthew S.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Point Adams Res Stn, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. RP Litz, MNC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM litzm@onid.orst.edu FU Oregon State University's Hatfield Marine Science Center FX The authors gratefully acknowledge J. Peterson for providing sea-surface temperature and chl a concentration data collected along the Newport Hydrographic Line in 2005 and 2006. We are grateful to M. Morrisey, L. Copeman, R. Baldwin, J. Colbert, and especially to T. Okada for technical support and advice. This work would not have been possible without the assistance of a Mamie Markham Research Award, a grant from Oregon State University's Hatfield Marine Science Center. Comments on early drafts of this paper provided by T. O'Higgins, F. Prahl, R. ElSabaawi, E. Casillas, and 3 anonymous reviewers made for a stronger paper. Finally, thanks to the captain and crews of all the research vessels, who aided in the collection of fish used in the present study. NR 71 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 27 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 405 BP 71 EP 85 DI 10.3354/meps08479 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 601EP UT WOS:000278041300006 ER PT J AU Tweddle, JF Strutton, PG Foley, DG O'Higgins, L Wood, AM Scott, B Everroad, RC Peterson, WT Cannon, D Hunter, M Forster, Z AF Tweddle, J. F. Strutton, P. G. Foley, D. G. O'Higgins, L. Wood, A. M. Scott, B. Everroad, R. C. Peterson, W. T. Cannon, D. Hunter, M. Forster, Z. TI Relationships among upwelling, phytoplankton blooms, and phycotoxins in coastal Oregon shellfish SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Oregon coast; California Current; Upwelling; Bloom timing; Harmful algae; Paralytic shellfish poisoning; Domoic acid poisoning; Saxitoxin ID DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA-MULTISERIES; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; FUCA EDDY REGION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; WASHINGTON COAST; SPRING TRANSITION; WEST-COAST AB Climatologies derived from satellite data (1998 to 2007) were used to elucidate seasonal and latitudinal patterns in winds, sea surface temperature (SST), and chlorophyll concentrations (chl) over the Oregon shelf. These were further used to reveal oceanographic conditions normally associated with harmful algal blooms (HABs) and toxic shellfish events along the Oregon coast. South of 43 degrees N, around Cape Blanco, summer upwelling started earlier and finished later than north of 43 degrees N. Spring blooms occur when light limitation is relieved, before the initiation of upwelling, and secondary, more intense blooms occur approximately 2 wk after upwelling is established. North of 45 degrees N, SST and chl are heavily influenced by the Columbia River plume, which delays upwelling-driven cooling of the surface coastal ocean in spring, and causes phytoplankton blooms (as indicated by increased chl) earlier than expected. The presence of saxitoxin in coastal shellfish, which causes paralytic shellfish poisoning, was generally associated with late summer upwelling. The presence of domoic acid in shellfish, which leads to amnesic shellfish poisoning, was greatest during the transition between upwelling and downwelling regimes. This work demonstrates that satellite data can indicate physical situations when HABs are more likely to occur, thus providing a management tool useful in predicting or monitoring HABs. C1 [Tweddle, J. F.; Strutton, P. G.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Foley, D. G.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Foley, D. G.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [O'Higgins, L.] Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Res Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Wood, A. M.; Scott, B.; Everroad, R. C.] Univ Oregon, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Wood, A. M.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33129 USA. [Peterson, W. T.] NOAA NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport Res Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Cannon, D.] Oregon Dept Agr, Salem, OR 97301 USA. [Hunter, M.; Forster, Z.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Astoria, OR 97103 USA. RP Tweddle, JF (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 675 Commonwealth Ave Rm 141, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM jtweddle@bu.edu RI Strutton, Peter/C-4466-2011; OI Strutton, Peter/0000-0002-2395-9471; Tweddle, Jacqueline/0000-0002-4261-0638 FU Oceans and Human Health Initiative [NA04OAR4600202]; Monitoring and Event Response for Harmful Algal Blooms (MERHAB) [NA07NOS4780195]; [NA08NES4400013] FX We thank S. Henson for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This study was supported by NOAA grants NA04OAR4600202 from the Oceans and Human Health Initiative, NA07NOS4780195 from the Monitoring and Event Response for Harmful Algal Blooms (MERHAB) program and NA08NES4400013 to the Cooperative Institute for Oceanographic Satellite Studies. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the Department of Commerce. This is MERHAB publication no, 65. AVHRR SST data were provided by NOAA Coast Watch. QuikSCAT wind data were provided by the Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (California Institute of Technology). SeaWiFS data were provided courtesy of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and Geoeye Inc. NR 58 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 405 BP 131 EP 145 DI 10.3354/meps08497 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 601EP UT WOS:000278041300010 ER PT J AU Santora, JA Reiss, CS Loeb, VJ Veit, RR AF Santora, Jarrod A. Reiss, Christian S. Loeb, Valerie J. Veit, Richard R. TI Spatial association between hotspots of baleen whales and demographic patterns of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba suggests size-dependent predation SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Antarctica; Euphausia superba; Krill; Fin whale; Humpback whale; Minke whale; Spatial association; Hotspot ID SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS; SEA-ICE EXTENT; SCOTIA SEA; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; HUMPBACK WHALE; MINKE WHALES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; BRANSFIELD STRAIT; FORAGING BEHAVIOR AB We examined the spatial association between baleen whales and their principal prey, Antarctic krill Euphausia superba near the South Shetland Islands (Antarctic Peninsula) using data collected by the US Antarctic Marine Living Resources (AMLR) program during January surveys from 2003 through 2007. Whale distributions were determined using ship-based visual surveys, while data on krill distribution, abundance, and demographic characteristics were derived from net hauls. Approximately 25 000 km of transects and 500 net hauls were sampled over 5 yr. We defined hotspots based on statistical criteria to describe persistent areas of occurrence of both whales and krill. Hotspots were identified, and whales and krill length-maturity classes exhibited distinct spatial segregation in their distribution patterns. We found that baleen whales aggregated to krill hotspots that differed in size structure. Humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae were associated with small (<35 mm) juvenile krill in Bransfield Strait, whereas fin whales Balaenoptera physalus were associated with large (>45 mm) mature krill located offshore. Overlapping these size-dependent krill distributions, Antarctic minke whales B. bonaerensis were associated with intermediate sized krill (35-44 mm). The correlation among different whale species and krill swarms of differing size composition presents an intriguing pattern that deserves further study. C1 [Santora, Jarrod A.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Santora, Jarrod A.; Reiss, Christian S.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Loeb, Valerie J.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Veit, Richard R.] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Biol, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. RP Santora, JA (reprint author), Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, POB 750756, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. EM jasantora@gmail.com FU NSF-OPP [OPP-9983751] FX The data presented here could not have been collected without the hard work of many sea-going US AMLR field season participants. We are grateful for the assistance, dedication, and patience of the captain and crew of the RV 'Yuzhmorgeologiya.' We thank the past AMLR chief scientists (R. P. Hewitt and A. Jenkins) for facilitating this field program component. 'During 2003 to 2005, the predator observation program was made possible by an NSF-OPP grant (OPP-9983751) to R.R.V. This paper was improved by the comments of 2 anonymous reviewers. NR 85 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 405 BP 255 EP 269 DI 10.3354/meps08513 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 601EP UT WOS:000278041300019 ER PT J AU Cartamil, D Wegner, NC Kacev, D Ben-aderet, N Kohin, S Graham, JB AF Cartamil, D. Wegner, N. C. Kacev, D. Ben-aderet, N. Kohin, S. Graham, J. B. TI Movement patterns and nursery habitat of juvenile thresher sharks Alopias vulpinus in the Southern California Bight SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Acoustic telemetry; Shark nursery area; Southern California Bight; Thresher shark; Alopias vulpinus ID PACIFIC SARDINE; FEEDING-HABITS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; LEMON SHARKS; OCEAN; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE; BROADNOSE; ECOLOGY AB We investigated the potential use of open coastal habitat over the continental shelf as a nursery area for the common thresher shark Alopias vulpinus. Seven juvenile threshers were tracked using acoustic telemetry to determine their movement patterns and nursery habitat in the Southern California Bight (SCB). Tracked sharks occupied waters over the continental shelf 87% of the time. These waters had an average (+/- SD) sea surface temperature of 18.8 +/- 1.6 degrees C and chlorophyll concentrations that were an order of magnitude higher than in adjacent waters offshore of the continental shelf. Tracked sharks had a mean rate of movement of 1.63 +/- 0.56 km h(-1) and some sharks exhibited high site fidelity. The vertical distribution of juvenile threshers was generally limited to the upper 20 m of the water, and most sharks showed did l depth distribution patterns, with daytime depths significantly greater than nighttime depths. An analysis of SCB commercial fishery observer data confirms that juvenile common threshers are most frequently captured over the continental shelf. This region appears to provide juvenile threshers with ample food resources and reduced predation risk relative to adult habitat, and partially satisfies more quantitative nursery area criteria recently established in the literature. C1 [Cartamil, D.; Wegner, N. C.; Graham, J. B.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kacev, D.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Ben-aderet, N.] Interuniv Inst Marine Sci Eilat, IL-88103 Elat, Israel. [Kohin, S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Cartamil, D (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dcartamil@ucsd.edu FU California Sea Grant; Ocean Protection Council; Moore Family Foundation; William H. and Mattie Wattis Harris Foundation; Tinker Foundation; Save Our Seas Foundation; U.C. Mexus-CONACYT; Tuna Industry Endowment Fund at Scripps Institution of Oceanography FX Funding for this study was provided by California Sea Grant, the Ocean Protection Council, the Moore Family Foundation, the William H. and Mattie Wattis Harris Foundation, the Tinker Foundation, the Save Our Seas Foundation, and U.C. Mexus-CONACYT. D.C. was supported by a California Sea Grant traineeship, and the Tuna Industry Endowment Fund at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. We acknowledge the following individuals for assistance with fieldwork: E. Kisfaludy, P. Pelzer, S. Aalbers, D. Ramon, H. Dewar, S. Snyder, R. Runcie, M. Olvera, O. Santana, C. Sepulveda, M. Musto, A. Nosal, J. Schram, and H. Selbie. SST and chlorophyll maps were kindly provided by Terrafin Software (www.terrafin.com). We also thank D. Checkley, P. Hastings, C. Lennert, R. Rosenblatt, D. Woodruff, and 3 anonymous referees for reviewing and commenting on this manuscript. All Procedures were performed under the guidelines of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of California, San Diego (protocol S00080). NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 22 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 404 BP 249 EP 258 DI 10.3354/meps08495 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 590MJ UT WOS:000277230100021 ER PT J AU Idjadi, JA Haring, RN Precht, WF AF Idjadi, J. A. Haring, R. N. Precht, W. F. TI Recovery of the sea urchin Diadema antillarum promotes scleractinian coral growth and survivorship on shallow Jamaican reefs SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Diadema antillarum; Juvenile coral growth; Phase shifts; Coral reef recovery; Caribbean; Scleractinian; Urchin; Macroalgae ID MASS MORTALITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PHASE-SHIFTS; ALGAL COMMUNITIES; CARIBBEAN CORALS; MACROALGAL COVER; LIFE-HISTORIES; STABLE STATES; DISCOVERY BAY; ST-CROIX AB The decline and potential recovery of Caribbean reefs has been the subject of intense discussion and is of great interest to reef ecologists and managers. The recent return of Diadema antillarum sea urchins at some Caribbean locations and the concomitant changes in coral cover and recruitment. provide a new perspective on the reversibility of Caribbean coral reef decline. This study examined the influence of recovering populations of Diadema and the subsequent formation of dense urchin zones on the growth and density of newly settled juvenile scleractinian corals. In these urchin zones, where Diadema graze algae, we documented higher growth rates of juvenile corals, and higher densities of small juvenile recruits (likely to be important precursors to reef recovery). Coral survivorship was higher for juvenile corals living in urchin versus algal zones. Roughly 83% of the juvenile corals in urchin zones survived over the 2 yr period of the study, while similar to 69% survived in the algal zones. Corals in the urchin zones increased in major diameter by an average of 75 +/- 7% from 2001 to 2003 versus 24 +/- 4% for corals in the algal zones during the same time period. The relatively abrupt decrease in macroalgal cover and the signs of increasing coral cover along the north coast of Jamaica following the return of Diadema, reported here and by other authors, suggest that these reefs have undergone rapid phase shifts, rather than being constrained to alternate stable states. In the Caribbean, it appears that Diadema are effective at enhancing scleractinian coral recruitment and growth and thus could be used as an important manipulative tool for returning reefs to a coral dominated state, especially on reefs that are severely overfished. C1 [Idjadi, J. A.] Eastern Connecticut State Univ, Dept Biol, Willimantic, CT 06226 USA. [Haring, R. N.] City San Diego Marine Biol Lab, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Precht, W. F.] Florida Keys Natl Marine Sanctuary, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. RP Idjadi, JA (reprint author), Eastern Connecticut State Univ, Dept Biol, Willimantic, CT 06226 USA. EM idjadij@easternct.edu NR 78 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 8 U2 45 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 403 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.3354/meps08463 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 585BJ UT WOS:000276799000008 ER PT J AU Hoff, GR AF Hoff, Gerald R. TI Identification of skate nursery habitat in the eastern Bering Sea SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Elasmobranch; Skate; Reproduction; Egg case; Undersea canyon; Nursery; Alaska ID BATHYRAJA-PARMIFERA; ALASKA SKATE; SHARKS; PATTERNS; PACIFIC; GILBERT AB Identification of habitat used for skate egg deposition has been rarely studied or reported worldwide. Four nursery sites for the Alaska skate Bathyraja parmifera, 2 for the Aleutian skate B. aleutica and 2 for the Bering skate B. interrupta were identified along the upper continental slope in the eastern Bering Sea. All sites were located near undersea canyons from 145 to 380 m depth in relatively flat sandy to muddy bottom habitat. Bottom temperatures were relatively constant throughout the year, varying from 3.7 to 4.6 degrees C. Egg case densities varied between nursery sites and were encountered at the Alaska skate nursery in Bering Canyon at densities greater than 800 000 eggs km(-2). Based on egg case composition, sites were predominantly used by a single skate species for egg deposition; however, up to 6 skate species used the habitat commonly. Seasonal sampling indicated that sites were continuously occupied throughout the year, and embryo length composition showed multiple cohorts developing simultaneously. Data from bottom trawl surveys suggest juvenile skates occupy habitats different than nursery sites. The movement of juvenile skates out of nursery habitat after hatching may lessen predation by common predators such as the Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus and the Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis, C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hoff, GR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jerry.hoff@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [415]; Essential Fish Habitat (EFH); Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX I thank the skippers and crew of the FVs 'Ocean Explorer', 'Sea Storm', 'Nordic Fury', 'Arcturus', 'Aldebaran', 'Great Pacific', 'Northwest Explorer', 'Vesteraalen' and NOAA ship RV 'Miller Freeman'. I especially thank D. Stevenson and S. Kotwicki for their help with field studies and G. Stauffer, R. Nelson and B. Lauth for their support over the years. Thanks to D. Stevenson, J. Boldt, B. Lauth, D. Somerton, R. Nelson, J. Lee, G. Duker and unidentified reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions to improve this manuscript. This project was supported by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB grant no. 415), Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) funding and generous support from the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 403 BP 243 EP 254 DI 10.3354/meps08424 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 585BJ UT WOS:000276799000020 ER PT J AU Young, HS Shaffer, SA McCauley, DJ Foley, DG Dirzo, R Block, BA AF Young, Hillary S. Shaffer, Scott A. McCauley, Douglas J. Foley, Dave G. Dirzo, Rodolfo Block, Barbara A. TI Resource partitioning by species but not sex in sympatric boobies in the central Pacific Ocean SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Resource partitioning; Reverse sexual dimorphism; Foraging ecology; GPS tracking; Sula sula; S. dactylatra ID RED-FOOTED BOOBY; TROPICAL SEABIRD COMMUNITY; SIZE DIMORPHISM; WANDERING ALBATROSSES; FORAGING STRATEGIES; FEEDING ECOLOGY; PELAGIC SEABIRD; STABLE-ISOTOPES; WING MORPHOLOGY; FLIGHT BEHAVIOR AB Sympatric species with similar ecological requirements and differences in body size would be expected to partition resources to facilitate coexistence. For sexually dimorphic species, we may expect resource partitioning by gender as well as by species identity. However, it is difficult to document species and sexual resource partitioning in marine ecosystems, given the intractability of these systems and the vagility of many marine animals. Here, we examined differences in the foraging behavior and prey selection of 2 congeneric and coexisting seabird species-masked boobies Sula dactylatra and red-footed boobies Sula sula-on Palmyra Atoll in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. These seabirds exhibit substantial size dimorphism between species and also have reverse sexual dimorphism within species. Pronounced interspecific differences in foraging patterns were observed with high-resolution GPS tracking devices, where smaller red-footed boobies conducted longer foraging trips (in both time and distance). Red-footed boobies also had more frequent landings on the sea surface, slower mean and maximum travel speeds, and more westerly trip azimuths. Stable isotope and diet analyses produced data that complemented returns from electronic tagging. Stable isotope ratios of carbon indicated that masked boobies foraged on prey with a less pelagic delta C-13 signature compared to red-fooled boobies. In contrast, no gender differences were identified in any foraging parameters. The mechanisms for maintenance of these pronounced differences in niche partitioning across species were not explicitly examined, yet the data suggest physiological variation across species may be a more plausible mechanism than competitive interactions. C1 [Young, Hillary S.; McCauley, Douglas J.; Dirzo, Rodolfo; Block, Barbara A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Shaffer, Scott A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Foley, Dave G.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Foley, Dave G.] NOAA, NMFS, SWFSC, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Young, HS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM hsyoung@stanford.edu RI Shaffer, Scott/D-5015-2009 OI Shaffer, Scott/0000-0002-7751-5059 FU National Science Foundation; National Geographic Society; Tagging of Pacific Pelagics (TOPP) Program; Stanford Gabilan Graduate Fellowship; Stanford at Sea FX We thank the National Science Foundation, the National Geographic Society, the Tagging of Pacific Pelagics (TOPP) Program, and the Stanford Gabilan Graduate Fellowship, and Stanford at Sea for their financial support. For logistical and material support we thank the US Fish and Wildlife Service (Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge) and the Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium (PARC). For genetic analysis, we thank Frank Hailer and Elizabeth Ann Schreiber at Smithsonian Institute. Invaluable analytical assistance was provided by D. Mucciarone. For assistance in the field we thank L. Anderegg, W. Ancieregg, S. Barclay, A. Briggs, G. Carroll, P. de Salles, Z. Drozdz, C. Hanson, M. Kunz, K. Lone, J. Mc Callen, L. Palumbi, T. Robbins, and J. Tam. Quikscat vector wind data was provided by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory Physical Oceanography Data Active Access Center, California Institute of Technology. MODIS chlorophyll a data was provided courtesy of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ocean Biology Products Group. SST data was provided courtesy of Remote Sensing Systems Inc., Santa Rosa, CA. NR 62 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 33 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 403 BP 291 EP 301 DI 10.3354/meps08478 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 585BJ UT WOS:000276799000024 ER PT J AU Laidre, KL Heide-Jorgensen, MP Heagerty, P Cossio, A Bergstrom, B Simon, M AF Laidre, Kristin L. Heide-Jorgensen, Mads Peter Heagerty, Patrick Cossio, Anthony Bergstroem, Bo Simon, Malene TI Spatial associations between large baleen whales and their prey in West Greenland SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Baleen whale; Capelin; Greenland; Krill; Nautical Area Scattering Coefficient; NASC; Optimal foraging; Survey ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; KRILL MEGANYCTIPHANES-NORVEGICA; SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; UPWELLING SYSTEM; FIN WHALES; SEA-ICE; ABUNDANCE; WATERS AB This study combined data on fin whale Balaenoptera physalus, humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae, minke whale B. acutorostrata, and sei whale B. borealis sightings from large-scale visual aerial and ship-based surveys (248 and 157 sightings, respectively) with synoptic acoustic sampling of krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica and Thysanoessa sp. abundance in September 2005 in West Greenland to examine the relationships between whales and their prey. Krill densities were obtained by converting relationships of volume backscattering strengths at multiple frequencies to a numerical density using an estimate of krill target strength. Krill data were vertically integrated in 25 m depth bins between 0 and 300 m to obtain water column biomass (g m(-2)) and translated to density surfaces using ordinary kriging. Standard regression models (Generalized Additive Modeling, GAM, and Generalized Linear Modeling, GLM) were developed to identify important explanatory variables relating the presence, absence, and density of large whales to the physical and biological environment and different survey platforms. Large baleen whales were concentrated in 3 focal areas: (1) the northern edge of Lille Hellefiske bank between 65 and 67 degrees N, (2) north of Paamiut at 63 degrees N, and (3) in South Greenland between 60 and 61 degrees N. There was a bimodal pattern of mean krill density between depths, with one peak between 50 and 75 m (mean 0.75 g m(-2), SD 2.74) and another between 225 and 275 m (mean 1.2 to 1.3 g m(-2), SD 23 to 19). Water column krill biomass was 3 times higher in South Greenland than at any other site along the coast. Total depth-integrated krill biomass was 1.3 x 10(9) (CV 0.11). Models indicated the most important parameter in predicting large baleen whale presence was integrated krill abundance, although this relationship was only significant for sightings obtained on the ship survey. This suggests that a high degree of spatio-temporal synchrony in observations is necessary for quantifying predator prey relationships. Krill biomass was most predictive of whale presence at depths >150 m, suggesting a threshold depth below which it is energetically optimal for baleen whales to forage on krill in West Greenland. C1 [Laidre, Kristin L.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Laidre, Kristin L.; Heide-Jorgensen, Mads Peter; Bergstroem, Bo; Simon, Malene] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk 3900, Greenland. [Heagerty, Patrick] Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Cossio, Anthony] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. [Simon, Malene] Univ Aarhus, Dept Biol Sci, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. RP Laidre, KL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM klaidre@apl.washington.edu FU Greenland Institute of Natural Resources; Greenland Home Rule government FX The surveys were funded by the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources and the Greenland Home Rule government. Thanks to the many observers who collected data on both survey platforms. Four anonymous reviewers and comments from D. Demer, S. T. Jonsson, and E. Gurarie improved the manuscript. NR 52 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 19 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 402 BP 269 EP 284 DI 10.3354/meps08423 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 574VG UT WOS:000276021700021 ER PT J AU Sunda, WG Hardison, DR AF Sunda, W. G. Hardison, D. R. TI Evolutionary tradeoffs among nutrient acquisition, cell size, and grazing defense in marine phytoplankton promote ecosystem stability SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Ammonium; Phytoplankton; Nitrogen uptake; Growth rate; Grazing defense; Cell size; Evolutionary tradeoffs ID EMILIANIA-HUXLEYI; AMMONIUM UPTAKE; GROWTH LIMITATION; CHEMICAL DEFENSE; ECOLOGY; NITROGEN; IRON; KINETICS; PACIFIC; OCEAN AB To survive, an algal species must maximize its reproduction rate via efficient nutrient acquisition and assimilation while minimizing rates of mortality from grazing or other sources. In a survey of 11 well studied marine algal species (including 3 racial variants of a single species, Emiliania huxleyi) in ammonium-limited cyclostat cultures, we observed variations in ammonium uptake rates and associated growth rates, which were linked to cell size and, apparently, also to grazing defense, The 5 largest species (10-12 mu m cell diameter) had similar low ammonium uptake rates and associated ammonium-limited growth rates owing to diffusion limitation of uptake. Diffusive flux per unit of cell volume decreases with the inverse square of the cell diameter; hence, cells can minimize diffusion limitation and increase nutrient uptake by becoming smaller. However, this comes at the cost of higher susceptibility to grazing mortality. The 7 smallest isolates (2.7-4.6 mu m diameter) had higher rates of ammonium uptake and growth as predicted from theory, but there was considerable variation for similarly sized cells. All 4 of the small algal species or isolates that are known to be poorly grazed or poorly assimilated by grazers had unusually low ammonium uptake rates and associated growth rates for their size, which we hypothesize to be due to the high cost of grazing defense. The results suggest the existence of evolutionary tradeoffs between large cell size and grazing defenses (which decrease grazing mortality) and small size and minimal defenses (which promote growth and reproduction). Such tradeoffs could increase the species diversity of algal communities, which in turn promotes ecosystem stability. C1 [Sunda, W. G.; Hardison, D. R.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Sunda, WG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM bill.sunda@noaa.gov NR 59 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 401 BP 63 EP 76 DI 10.3354/meps08390 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 574VF UT WOS:000276021600006 ER PT J AU Jones, DL Walter, JF Brooks, EN Serafy, JE AF Jones, David L. Walter, John F. Brooks, Elizabeth N. Serafy, Joseph E. TI Connectivity through ontogeny: fish population linkages among mangrove and coral reef habitats SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Biscayne Bay; Florida Keys; Longitudinal study; Nursery habitat; Visual survey ID SEAGRASS BEDS; SHALLOW-WATER; HAEMULON-FLAVOLINEATUM; LUTJANUS-GRISEUS; JUVENILE FISH; AGE-STRUCTURE; GRAY SNAPPER; FLORIDA BAY; BACK-REEF; NURSERY AB Most evidence for ontogenetic migration of fishes from mangroves to coral reefs has been based on cross-sectional studies of <2 yr duration that have not considered annual variability in recruitment. Taking a longitudinal approach of following cohorts over time, we evaluated evidence for mangrove-derived replenishment of 10 coral reef fishes by drawing on data from 2 concurrent fish monitoring efforts conducted in Biscayne National Park, Florida, USA, over the period 1999 to 2007. Annual indices of abundance were calculated for fish estimated to be age-0 to 4* in both habitats, and correlation analyses, with appropriate temporal lags, were performed. Statistically significant (p < 0.05; r(2) = 0.30 to 0.71) correlations between juvenile abundances in mangrove habitats and adult abundances on the reef tract 1 to 2 yr later emerged for 4 species: Abudefduf saxatilis, Lutjanus apodos, L. griseus, and Sphyraena barracuda. This is one of the few longitudinal studies that uses juvenile abundance indices to test mangrove reef ontogenetic connectivity. Our results have potential utility for nursery habitat assessment, marine reserve design, and for forecasting species-specific year-class strength on the reef, where most fishing is directed. C1 [Jones, David L.; Serafy, Joseph E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Walter, John F.; Serafy, Joseph E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Brooks, Elizabeth N.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Jones, DL (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM djones@marine.usf.edu FU University of Miami [NA17RJ1226]; NOAA FX This research was carried out under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine & Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) of the University of Miami's Rosenstiel School under cooperative agreement #NA17RJ1226 with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This work was funded by a grant from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. We thank S. Smith and D. Harper for access to and assistance with the reef fishes database and C. Faunce and B. Teare for their assistance in data collection and processing. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of NOAA or its sub-agencies. NR 80 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 39 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 401 BP 245 EP 258 DI 10.3354/meps08404 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 574VF UT WOS:000276021600020 ER PT J AU Hammerschlag, N Morgan, AB Serafy, JE AF Hammerschlag, Neil Morgan, Annie B. Serafy, Joseph E. TI Relative predation risk for fishes along a subtropical mangrove-seagrass ecotone SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Predators; Edge effects; Proximity gradient; Shark; Snapper; Porgy; Grunt ID SHARKS CARCHARODON-CARCHARIAS; CORAL-REEF HABITATS; SHALLOW-WATER; COD GADUS; SPHYRNA-TIBURO; JUVENILE FISH; CARIBBEAN BAY; NATIONAL-PARK; SOUTH-AFRICA; SEAL ISLAND AB Many fishes shelter in mangrove habitats by clay and forage mostly in seagrass beds by night. This pattern of diel habitat use has been attributed to a predator avoidance strategy, whereby predation risk is reduced by alternating between the cover afforded by prop-roots during the day and darkness at night. We employed a series of diel tethering experiments in Biscayne Bay (Florida, USA) to empirically examine whether relative predation pressure on fishes is lower at night than during the day and to compare relative predation pressure on fishes at different distances from the mangrove seagrass ecotone. Pinfish Lagodon rhomboides ranging from 10 to 17 cm in total length were tethered during day and night at 10, 50, and 110 m from the mangrove seagrass ecotone. Pinfish removal rates at night were twice as high as during the clay, which contradicts the idea that darkness provides 'cover' during nocturnal foraging in seagrass. Predation losses were highest nearest the mangrove edge and decreased with increasing distance from shore. Our results agree with those of other tethering studies that marine ecotones, or transition zones between refuges and feeding sites, can be areas of high predation pressure for fishes. C1 [Hammerschlag, Neil; Morgan, Annie B.; Serafy, Joseph E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Serafy, Joseph E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Hammerschlag, N (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM nhammerschlag@rsmas.miami.edu FU Herbert W. Hoover Foundation; Batchelor Foundation Inc.; NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center; National Park Service (Biscayne National Park, BNP); Sea Star Foundation; Save The Blue; YSI Inc.; Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science; University of Miami FX Funding for this work was provided by the Herbert W. Hoover Foundation, Batchelor Foundation Inc., NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center, National Park Service (Biscayne National Park, BNP), Sea Star Foundation, Save The Blue, YSI Inc., the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science and the University of Miami's South Florida Student Shark Program (SFSSP), now the RJ Dunlap Marine Conservation Program. As part of the educational component of this project, several hundreds of high school and undergraduate students were involved in field data collection, laboratory processing and data organization. We are indebted to the technical support of all Program participants, primarily D. Ovando, A. Matulik, D. Lazarre, A. Krajca, L. Winn, E. Overstreet, L. Rock, A. Griefen, M. Fast, L. Glade, K. Tilley, D. Washington, and J. Allen. Special thanks to NI. Heithaus, D. Lirman, L. Brand, T. Kellison, G. Thomas, D. Die, C. NI. Hammerschlag, L. Yeager, L. Hoover, and R. Mann. For logistical support, thanks to P. B. Teare, G. Myers, M. Giganti, M. Lewis, E. Alvear, R. Curry, and H. M. Tritt. Thanks to also the anonymous reviewers whose comments helped strengthen the manuscript. This work was conducted under BNP Permit no. BISC-2008-SCI-0005 and the University of Miami Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) Protocol no. 05-244 renewal 02. NR 54 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 401 BP 259 EP 267 DI 10.3354/meps08449 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 574VF UT WOS:000276021600021 ER PT J AU Ruiz-Cooley, RI Villa, EC Gould, WR AF Ruiz-Cooley, R. I. Villa, Erika C. Gould, William R. TI Ontogenetic variation of delta C-13 and delta N-15 recorded in the gladius of the jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas: geographic differences SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Gladius; Squid; Stable isotopes; Trophic variation; Geographic variation ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; STABLE-ISOTOPE RATIOS; 1997-98 EL-NINO; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; CARBON ISOTOPES; RANGE EXPANSION; NITROGEN ARGON; SPERM-WHALES; FOOD; FRACTIONATION AB Cephalopods play an important role in marine food webs, but their feeding ecology has been mostly examined by traditional methods. In this study, delta C-13 and delta N-15 values were measured along the proostracum (a morphological part of the gladius) to reconstruct squid feeding variations. Gladii or the internal shell of jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas was collected at 6 sites from the eastern Pacific Ocean to evaluate trophic shifts as a function of size. The results showed that C- and N-isotopic values varied throughout proostracum length for all squid; changes that could be determined by temporal variation in prey consumption. Both delta C-13 and delta N-15 significantly increased with length and supported ontogenic shifts in diet. Detectable differences in delta N-15 values were found at all sites. This delta N-15-oceanic variation may be associated with variations in squid assimilated diet, but may also be due to differences in the biochemical cycle among areas. Isotopic values only overlapped among the nearest sites. These results suggest that D. gigas did not migrate over large geographic areas, but rather moved within narrower latitudinal ranges. We recommend the use of stable isotopic analyses along the gladius as an effective approach to tracing foraging variations and also in geographically differentiating subpopulations. C1 [Ruiz-Cooley, R. I.; Villa, Erika C.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Ruiz-Cooley, RI (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM iliana.ruiz-cooley@noaa.gov FU MBRS-RISE; [R25 Grant R25GM061222] FX This research was made possible thanks to the significant support of L. T. Ballance, R. L. Pitman, A. Henry (Southwest Fisheries Science Center-NOAA) and the scientific team: special thanks to J. Cotton, R. Pagen, L. Peavey and J. C. Salinas and the crew from the David Starr Jordan and the McArthur 11 in collecting specimens, and to J. Field and K. Baltz for providing gladius from California. We are very grateful to V. Atudorei from the University of New Mexico for running samples for isotope analysis. The latter was funded by the MBRS-RISE R25 Grant #R25GM061222. We thank J. Seminoff (SWFSC-NOAA) and B. Milligan (NMSU) for their helpful comments on this manuscript, and M. Donohue (NMSU) for English edits. This study is dedicated in memory of J. J. Cooley. NR 81 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 22 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 399 BP 187 EP 198 DI 10.3354/meps08383 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 558UW UT WOS:000274774400015 ER PT J AU Mountain, DG Kane, J AF Mountain, David G. Kane, Joseph TI Major changes in the Georges Bank ecosystem, 1980s to the 1990s SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Georges Bank; Ecosystem changes; Cod; Haddock; Zooplankton ID HADDOCK MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MAINE; GULF; ATLANTIC; RECRUITMENT; WATER; SEA; ABUNDANCE AB A major change in surface layer salinity and in zooplankton community structure occurred on Georges Bank between the 1980s and 1990s. Around 1990, salinity began to significantly decrease and the zooplankton community shifted to a greater dominance by smaller sized species. Annual estimates of the number of cod Gadus morhua and haddock Melogrammus aeglefinus eggs hatched on Georges Bank for the years 1979 to 1987 and 1995 to 1999 allowed calculation of a firstyear survivorship index for both species by dividing the number of new recruits from a virtual population analysis by the hatched egg abundance. The survivorship index for each species also exhibited a major shift between the 2 decades, with cod survivorship declining by a factor of 2 from the 1980s to the 1990s, and haddock survivorship increasing by about the same amount. The strong trend in (or regime-shift nature of) each of the relatively short physical and biological time series makes establishing statistically significant relationships problematic. However, the co-occurrence of major shifts in all of the parameters suggests that a major change in the Georges Bank ecosystem occurred between the 1980s and the 1990s. Identifying the causes of that change and the mechanisms connecting the different components of the system during that change will require additional analyses and modeling. C1 [Kane, Joseph] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Mountain, DG (reprint author), 2707 N Orchard Ave, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. EM dmountain@capecod.net FU US GLOBEC; NOAA/NMFS Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) FX We thank our many colleagues who spent months at sea and in the lab collecting and processing the data and samples used in these analyses, We also thank J. Flare and 5 anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful suggestions that improved the quality this manuscript. This work was supported in part through the US GLOBEC program and the NOAA/NMFS Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program. This is US CLOBEC contribution 644. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 398 BP 81 EP 91 DI 10.3354/meps08323 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 548MW UT WOS:000273968500006 ER PT J AU Leandro, LF Rolland, RM Roth, PB Lundholm, N Wang, ZH Doucette, GJ AF Leandro, Luis F. Rolland, Rosalind M. Roth, Patricia B. Lundholm, Nina Wang, Zhihong Doucette, Gregory J. TI Exposure of the North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis to the marine algal biotoxin, domoic acid SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Domoic acid; Eubalaena glacialis; Right whale; Pseudo-nitzschia; Calanus finmarchicus; Copepod; Biotoxin trophic transfer; Harmful algal blooms ID LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; GENUS PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA; SEA LIONS; COMPLEX BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; SERIATA BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; BAY; SHELLFISH; CANADA; FUNDY; TOXIN AB In addition to ship collisions and fishing gear entanglements, recovery of the highly endangered North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis has been challenged by reproductive abnormalities and compromised health. Of the factors hypothesized as contributing to the observed reproductive dysfunction in right whales, exposure to marine biotoxins such as domoic acid (DA) has received comparatively little consideration. The present study assessed the occurrence of DA in right whale feces, copepods, and krill collected from April through September of 2005 and 2006 on the whales' feeding grounds along the northeastern USA and eastern Canada, DA was detected by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in 69 right whale fecal samples, 6 krill samples, and 32 copepod samples. Many of the latter were dominated largely by Stage V Calanus finmarchicus copepodites. DA detection by SPR in fecal and zooplankton collections was verified by receptor binding assay and confirmed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Moreover, LC-MS/MS determined the presence of a putative methylated DA metabolite in all fecal and zooplankton samples analyzed. Frustules of several potentially toxic Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were identified in whale feces and phytoplankton samples by light and electron microscopy. Electron microscopy also revealed an abundance of C. finmarchicus mandibles in right whale feces. These findings confirm that E. glacialis was exposed to DA for several months, likely through ingestion of a DA-contaminated copepod vector. The extent to which this algal biotoxin may contribute to the failed recovery of the E. glacialis population warrants further investigation. C1 [Leandro, Luis F.; Wang, Zhihong; Doucette, Gregory J.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Leandro, Luis F.; Roth, Patricia B.] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Rolland, Rosalind M.] New England Aquarium, Res Dept, Boston, MA 02110 USA. [Lundholm, Nina] Univ Copenhagen, Sect Aquat Biol, Inst Biol, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark. RP Doucette, GJ (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Natl Ocean Serv, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM greg.doucette@noaa.gov RI Lundholm, Nina/A-4856-2013; Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013 OI Lundholm, Nina/0000-0002-2035-1997; FU NOAA/NOS; NOAA/NMFS [EA133F-02-SE-0155] FX We thank K. King for assistance with DA extraction from fecal materials and Dr. S. Morton for training L. Leandro to conduct SEM analyses. We acknowledge members of the New England Aquarium, L. Murison, Dr. M. Moore, and Dr. M. Baumgartner for assistance with fecal sample collection; Dr. H. Koopman, Dr. A. Westgate, and Z. Swaim for providing zooplankton samples and copepod species abundance data; Dr. T. Cole and B. Keafer for zooplankton and phytoplankton collections; and Dr. D. DeBiase (Univ. di Roma La Sapienza, Italy) for providing the GAD enzyme used in the receptor binding assays. The DA antibody was a gift of Dr. C. Elliott, Queen's University Belfast. We are also grateful to Drs. G. Teegarden and R. Gerber for assistance with copepod species identification and Dr. L. Kracker for GIS map design. We also thank Dr. J. Ramsdell for insightful discussions and critical review of this manuscript. Samples from stranded whales were collected under NE US NMFS MMPA Regional Letters of Authorization, and under NMFS permit to Dr. T. Rowles (no. 932-1489-07). Fecal samples were collected in US waters under NMFS permit to Dr. S. Kraus (655-165200), and in Canadian waters under Species at Risk Act Scientific Research Permit no. MAR-SA-2005-007 and MAR-SA-2006-007. Funding was provided in part by NOAA/NOS operational funds and by an NOAA/NMFS grant (#EA133F-02-SE-0155) to R.M.R. for collection and analysis of right whale fecal material. NR 63 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 20 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 398 BP 287 EP 303 DI 10.3354/meps08321 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 548MW UT WOS:000273968500022 ER PT B AU Drinkwater, K Hunt, G Lehodey, P Lluch-Cota, S Murphy, EJ Sakurai, Y Schwing, F Beaugrand, G Sundby, S AF Drinkwater, Ken Hunt, George Lehodey, Patrick Lluch-Cota, Salvador Murphy, Eugene J. Sakurai, Yasunori Schwing, Frank Beaugrand, Gregory Sundby, Svein BE Barange, M Field, JG Harris, RP Hofmann, EE Perry, RI Werner, FE TI Climate forcing on marine ecosystems SO MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AND GLOBAL CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Drinkwater, Ken; Sundby, Svein] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Hunt, George] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lehodey, Patrick] Marine Ecosyst Modelling & Monitoring Satellites, CLS, Satellite Oceanog Div, F-31520 Ramonville St Agne, France. [Murphy, Eugene J.] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Sakurai, Yasunori] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Fisheries, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. [Schwing, Frank] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Div Environm Res, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Beaugrand, Gregory] Univ Sci & Technol Lille 1 UMR CNRS 8187 LOG, Lille, France. RP Drinkwater, K (reprint author), Inst Marine Res, POB 1870, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-172193-9; 978-0-19-955802-5 PY 2010 BP 11 EP 39 D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199558025.001.0001 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BC7SF UT WOS:000355183500004 ER PT B AU Brander, K Botsford, LW Ciannelli, L Fogarty, MJ Heath, M Planque, B Shannon, LJ Wieland, K AF Brander, Keith Botsford, Louis W. Ciannelli, Lorenzo Fogarty, Michael J. Heath, Michael Planque, Benjamin Shannon, Lynne J. Wieland, Kai BE Barange, M Field, JG Harris, RP Hofmann, EE Perry, RI Werner, FE TI Human impacts on marine ecosystems SO MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AND GLOBAL CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Brander, Keith] Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Aqua Natl Inst Aquat Resources, Charlottenlund Castle, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. [Botsford, Louis W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife & Fish Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ciannelli, Lorenzo] Univ Oslo, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, Dept Biol, N-0316 Blindern, Norway. [Fogarty, Michael J.] NOAA NMFS, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Heath, Michael] Marine Lab, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland. [Planque, Benjamin] Inst Marine Res Tromso, N-9294 Tromso, Norway. [Shannon, Lynne J.] Univ Cape Town, ZA-8012 Cape Town, South Africa. [Shannon, Lynne J.] Marine & Coastal Management, ZA-8012 Cape Town, South Africa. [Wieland, Kai] Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Aqua Natl Inst Aquat Resources, DK-9850 Hirtshals, Denmark. RP Brander, K (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Aqua Natl Inst Aquat Resources, Charlottenlund Castle, Jaegersborg Alle 1, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. OI Heath, Michael/0000-0001-6602-3107 NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-172193-9; 978-0-19-955802-5 PY 2010 BP 41 EP 71 D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199558025.001.0001 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BC7SF UT WOS:000355183500005 ER PT B AU Gifford, DJ Harris, RP McKinnell, SM Peterson, WT St John, MA AF Gifford, Dian J. Harris, Roger P. McKinnell, Stewart M. Peterson, William T. St John, Michael A. BE Barange, M Field, JG Harris, RP Hofmann, EE Perry, RI Werner, FE TI Dynamics of marine ecosystems: target species SO MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AND GLOBAL CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gifford, Dian J.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Harris, Roger P.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [McKinnell, Stewart M.] Inst Ocean Sci, North Pacific Marine Sci Org, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Peterson, William T.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [St John, Michael A.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Hydrobiol & Fisheries Sci, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. RP Gifford, DJ (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-172193-9; 978-0-19-955802-5 PY 2010 BP 75 EP 88 D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199558025.001.0001 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BC7SF UT WOS:000355183500007 ER PT B AU Moloney, CL Jarre, A Kimura, S Mackas, DL Maury, O Murphy, EJ Peterson, WT Runge, JA Tadokoro, K AF Moloney, Coleen L. Jarre, Astrid Kimura, Shingo Mackas, David L. Maury, Olivier Murphy, Eugene J. Peterson, William T. Runge, Jeffrey A. Tadokoro, Kazuaki BE Barange, M Field, JG Harris, RP Hofmann, EE Perry, RI Werner, FE TI Dynamics of marine ecosystems: ecological processes SO MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AND GLOBAL CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Moloney, Coleen L.; Jarre, Astrid] Univ Cape Town, Dept Zool, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Moloney, Coleen L.; Jarre, Astrid] Univ Cape Town, Marine Res Inst, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Kimura, Shingo] Univ Tokyo, Ocean Res Inst, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Nakano Ku, Tokyo 1648639, Japan. [Mackas, David L.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Maury, Olivier] Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneennes & Trop, Inst Rech Dev, F-34203 Sete, France. [Murphy, Eugene J.] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Peterson, William T.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Runge, Jeffrey A.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME 04101 USA. [Tadokoro, Kazuaki] Tohoku Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Shiogama, Miyagi 9850001, Japan. RP Moloney, CL (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Dept Zool, Private Bag X3, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-172193-9; 978-0-19-955802-5 PY 2010 BP 179 EP 218 D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199558025.001.0001 PG 40 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BC7SF UT WOS:000355183500010 ER PT B AU Barange, M O'Boyle, R Cochrane, KL Fogarty, MJ Jarre, A Kell, LT Koster, FW King, JR de Moor, CL Reid, K Sinclair, M Yatsu, A AF Barange, Manuel O'Boyle, Robert Cochrane, Kevern L. Fogarty, Michael J. Jarre, Astrid Kell, Laurence T. Koster, Fritz W. King, Jacquelynne R. de Moor, Carryn L. Reid, Keith Sinclair, Mike Yatsu, Akihiko BE Barange, M Field, JG Harris, RP Hofmann, EE Perry, RI Werner, FE TI Marine resources management in the face of change: from ecosystem science to ecosystem-based management SO MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AND GLOBAL CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Barange, Manuel] Plymouth Marine Lab, GLOBEC IPO, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [O'Boyle, Robert] Beta Sci Consulting Inc, Bedford, ON B4A 2E5, Canada. [Cochrane, Kevern L.] Food & Agr Org United Nations, I-00100 Rome, Italy. [Fogarty, Michael J.] NOAA NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Jarre, Astrid] Univ Cape Town, Marine Res Inst, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Jarre, Astrid] Univ Cape Town, Dept Zool, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Kell, Laurence T.] ICCAT, Madrid 28002, Spain. [Koster, Fritz W.] Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Aqua Natl Inst Aquat Resources, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. [King, Jacquelynne R.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [de Moor, Carryn L.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Math & Appl Math, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Reid, Keith] CCAMLR, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. [Sinclair, Mike] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Yatsu, Akihiko] Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2366848, Japan. RP Barange, M (reprint author), Plymouth Marine Lab, GLOBEC IPO, Prospect Pl, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-172193-9; 978-0-19-955802-5 PY 2010 BP 253 EP 283 D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199558025.001.0001 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BC7SF UT WOS:000355183500013 ER PT B AU Ito, S Rose, KA Miller, AJ Drinkwater, K Brander, K Overland, JE Sundby, S Curchitser, E Hurrell, JW Yamanaka, Y AF Ito, Shin-ichi Rose, Kenneth A. Miller, Arthur J. Drinkwater, Ken Brander, Keith Overland, James E. Sundby, Svein Curchitser, Enrique Hurrell, James W. Yamanaka, Yasuhiro BE Barange, M Field, JG Harris, RP Hofmann, EE Perry, RI Werner, FE TI Ocean ecosystem responses to future global change scenarios: a way forward SO MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AND GLOBAL CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ito, Shin-ichi] Fisheries Res Agcy, Tohoku Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Shiogama, Miyagi 9850001, Japan. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Miller, Arthur J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Drinkwater, Ken; Sundby, Svein] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Brander, Keith] Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Aqua Natl Inst Aquat Resources, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. [Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Curchitser, Enrique] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Hurrell, James W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Yamanaka, Yasuhiro] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Earth Environm Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. RP Ito, S (reprint author), Fisheries Res Agcy, Tohoku Natl Fisheries Res Inst, 3-27-5 Shinhama Cho, Shiogama, Miyagi 9850001, Japan. RI Ito, Shin-ichi/E-2981-2012 OI Ito, Shin-ichi/0000-0002-3635-2580 NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-172193-9; 978-0-19-955802-5 PY 2010 BP 287 EP 322 D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199558025.001.0001 PG 36 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BC7SF UT WOS:000355183500015 ER PT J AU Lambin, J Morrow, R Fu, LL Willis, JK Bonekamp, H Lillibridge, J Perbos, J Zaouche, G Vaze, P Bannoura, W Parisot, F Thouvenot, E Coutin-Faye, S Lindstrom, E Mignogno, M AF Lambin, Juliette Morrow, Rosemary Fu, Lee-Lueng Willis, Josh K. Bonekamp, Hans Lillibridge, John Perbos, Jacqueline Zaouche, Gerard Vaze, Parag Bannoura, Walid Parisot, Francois Thouvenot, Eric Coutin-Faye, Sophie Lindstrom, Eric Mignogno, Mike TI The OSTM/Jason-2 Mission SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Satellite altimetry; sea level; operational oceanography ID SEA-LEVEL; OCEAN; GRACE AB The Ocean Surface Topography Mission/Jason-2 (OSTM/Jason-2) satellite altimetry mission was successfully launched on June 20, 2008, as a cooperative mission between CNES, EUMETSAT, NASA, and NOAA. OSTM/Jason-2 will continue to precisely measure the surface topography of the oceans and continental surface waters, following on the same orbit as its predecessors, TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1. To maintain the high-accuracy measurements, the mission carries a dual-frequency altimeter, a three-frequency microwave radiometer, and three precise positioning systems. The objectives of the mission are both operational and scientific. The mission will provide near-real time high-precision altimetric measurements for integration into ocean forecasting models and other products. The mission will also extend the precise surface topography time series started by TOPEX/Poseidon in 1992 over two decades in order to study long-term ocean variations such as mean sea level variations and interannual and decadal oscillations. The measurement system has been adapted to provide quality data nearer to the coasts, and over lakes and rivers. This paper provides an overview of the OSTM/Jason-2 mission in terms of the system design and a brief introduction to the science objectives. C1 [Morrow, Rosemary] OMP, LEGOS, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France. [Lambin, Juliette; Perbos, Jacqueline; Zaouche, Gerard; Thouvenot, Eric; Coutin-Faye, Sophie] CNES, Toulouse, France. [Fu, Lee-Lueng; Willis, Josh K.; Vaze, Parag] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bonekamp, Hans; Parisot, Francois] European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites EUMETS, Darmstadt, Germany. [Lillibridge, John; Bannoura, Walid; Mignogno, Mike] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Lindstrom, Eric] Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. RP Morrow, R (reprint author), OMP, LEGOS, 18 Av Edouard Belin, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France. EM Rosemary.Morrow@legos.obs-mip.fr RI Lillibridge, John/F-5606-2010 OI Lillibridge, John/0000-0001-9102-171X FU CNES; NASA; EUMETSAT; NOAA FX This article is dedicated to Yves Menard, who as CNES Project Scientist did so much to advance the Jason series of altimeters. Yves should have been the main author of this paper, and he is profoundly missed by all of us. The success of this mission is due to the enthusiastic and efficient participation of all engineers, scientists, program managers, and experts who have been involved in this project. In particular, we benefited greatly from the long-term cooperation set up between the Ocean Surface Topography Science Team, partly funded by CNES and NASA, and the project teams within the four agencies CNES, NASA, EUMETSAT, and NOAA. Finally we thank the reviewers for their useful comments and suggestions. NR 40 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2010 VL 33 SU 1 BP 4 EP 25 DI 10.1080/01490419.2010.491030 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 645AI UT WOS:000281422900002 ER PT J AU Zaouche, G Perbos, J Lafon, T Couderc, V Lambin, J Desjonqueres, JD Jayles, C Jurado, E Vaze, P Fu, LL Brown, S Parisot, F Bonekamp, H Bannoura, W Lillibridge, J AF Zaouche, G. Perbos, J. Lafon, T. Couderc, V. Lambin, J. Desjonqueres, J. D. Jayles, C. Jurado, E. Vaze, P. Fu, L. -L. Brown, S. Parisot, F. Bonekamp, H. Bannoura, W. Lillibridge, J. TI OSTM/Jason-2: Assessment of the System Performances (Ocean Surface Topography Mission: OSTM) SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Satellite altimetry; system performances; improvements AB On June 20, 2008, Jason-2 was successfully launched by a Boeing Delta II rocket from the Vandenberg site, California. The OSTM/Jason-2 project is a cooperation among NASA, NOAA, EUMETSAT, and CNES. The first two months of the OSTM/Jason-2 mission have been dedicated to the assessment of the overall system. The goal of this assessment phase was: (i) to assess the behavior of the spacecraft, at the platform and payload levels; (ii) to verify that platform performance requirements are met with respect to Jason-2 requirements; (iii) to verify that payload instruments performance requirements evaluated at instrument level are met; and (iv) to assess the performance of the Jason-2 Ground System. The paper will display the main outputs of the assessment of the system. It will demonstrate that all the elements of the onboard and ground systems are within the specifications. C1 [Zaouche, G.; Perbos, J.; Lafon, T.; Couderc, V.; Lambin, J.; Desjonqueres, J. D.; Jayles, C.; Jurado, E.] CNES, Ctr Natl Spatiales, F-31401 Toulouse 4, France. [Vaze, P.; Fu, L. -L.; Brown, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Parisot, F.; Bonekamp, H.] European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites EUMETS, Darmstadt, Germany. [Bannoura, W.; Lillibridge, J.] NOAA, Suitland, MD USA. RP Zaouche, G (reprint author), CNES, Ctr Natl Spatiales, 18 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31401 Toulouse 4, France. EM Gerard.Zaouche@cnes.fr RI Lillibridge, John/F-5606-2010 OI Lillibridge, John/0000-0001-9102-171X NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2010 VL 33 SU 1 BP 26 EP 52 DI 10.1080/01490419.2010.488978 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 645AI UT WOS:000281422900003 ER PT J AU Bachmann, CM Montes, MJ Fusina, RA Parrish, C Sellars, J Weidemann, A Goode, W Nichols, CR Woodward, P McIlhany, K Hill, V Zimmerman, R Korwan, D Truitt, B Schwarzschild, A AF Bachmann, Charles M. Montes, Marcos J. Fusina, Robert A. Parrish, Christopher Sellars, Jon Weidemann, Alan Goode, Wesley Nichols, C. Reid Woodward, Patrick McIlhany, Kevin Hill, Victoria Zimmerman, Richard Korwan, Daniel Truitt, Barry Schwarzschild, Arthur TI Bathymetry Retrieval from Hyperspectral Imagery in the Very Shallow Water Limit: A Case Study from the 2007 Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR'07) Multi-Sensor Campaign SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Hyperspectral; shallow-water bathymetry; bottom type; IOP; Hydrolight; Virginia Coast Reserve AB We focus on the validation of a simplified approach to bathymetry retrieval from hyperspectral imagery (HSI) in the very shallow water limit (less than 1-2 m), where many existing bathymetric LIDAR sensors perform poorly. In this depth regime, near infrared (NIR) reflectance depends primarily on water depth (water absorption) and bottom type, with suspended constituents playing a secondary role. Our processing framework exploits two optimal regions where a simple model depending on bottom type and water depth can be applied in the very shallow limit. These two optimal spectral regions are at a local maximum in the near infra-red reflectance near 810 nm, corresponding to a local minimum in absorption, and a maximum in the first derivative of the reflectance near 720 nm. These two regions correspond to peaks in spectral correlation with bathymetry at these depths. C1 [Bachmann, Charles M.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Coastal Sci & Interpretat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Parrish, Christopher; Sellars, Jon] NOAA NGS, Springfield, MA USA. [Weidemann, Alan; Goode, Wesley] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis, MS USA. [Nichols, C. Reid; Woodward, Patrick] Marine Informat Resources Corp, Ellicott City, MD USA. [McIlhany, Kevin] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Hill, Victoria; Zimmerman, Richard] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. [Truitt, Barry] Nature Conservancy, Nassawadox, VA USA. [Schwarzschild, Arthur] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Coastal Sci & Interpretat Sect, Code 7232, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bachmann@nrl.navy.mil RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611; Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 FU National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) FX This article was also funded by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA). NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2010 VL 33 IS 1 BP 53 EP 75 DI 10.1080/01490410903534333 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 574HP UT WOS:000275980300004 ER PT J AU Bachmann, CM Nichols, CR Montes, MJ Li, RR Woodward, P Fusina, RA Chen, W Mishra, V Kim, W Monty, J Mcilhany, K Kessler, K Korwan, D Miller, WD Bennert, E Smith, G Gillis, D Sellars, J Parrish, C Schwarzschild, A Truitt, B AF Bachmann, Charles M. Nichols, C. Reid Montes, Marcos J. Li, Rong-Rong Woodward, Patrick Fusina, Robert A. Chen, Wei Mishra, Vimal Kim, Wonkook Monty, James Mcilhany, Kevin Kessler, Ken Korwan, Daniel Miller, W. David Bennert, Ellen Smith, Geoff Gillis, David Sellars, Jon Parrish, Christopher Schwarzschild, Arthur Truitt, Barry TI Retrieval of Substrate Bearing Strength from Hyperspectral Imagery during the Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR'07) Multi-Sensor Campaign SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Hyperspectral; substrate bearing strength; liquid water absorption; light-weight deflectometer; dynamic deflection modulus; dynamic cone penetrometer; grain size; barrier islands; beaches; dunes; mudflats; salt pannes; salt marshes; Virginia Coast Reserve ID GRAIN-SIZE; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; AVIRIS DATA; SNOW; SPECTROSCOPY; SANDS AB Hyperspectral imagery (HSI) derived from remote sensing can delineate surface properties of substrates such as type, moisture, and grain size. These are critical parameters that determine the substrate bearing strength. Although HSI only sees the surface layer, statistics can be derived that relate surface properties to the likely bearing strength of soils in particular regions. This information can be used to provide an initial map estimate on large scales of potential bearing strength. We describe an initial validation study at the Virginia Coast Reserve relating airborne HSI to in situ spectral and geotechnical measurements through a spectral-geotechnical lookup table (LUT). C1 [Bachmann, Charles M.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Coastal Sci & Interpretat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nichols, C. Reid; Woodward, Patrick] Marine Informat Resources Corp, Ellicott City, MD USA. [Mishra, Vimal; Kim, Wonkook; Monty, James] Purdue Univ, Applicat Remote Sensing Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Mcilhany, Kevin] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kessler, Ken] Kessler Soils Engn, Springfield, VA USA. [Sellars, Jon; Parrish, Christopher] NOAA NOS, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Schwarzschild, Arthur] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Truitt, Barry] Nature Conservancy, Nassawaddox, VA USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Coastal Sci & Interpretat Sect, Code 7332, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bachmann@nrl.navy.mil RI Mishra, Vimal/F-7281-2010; Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015; OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380; Miller, W. David/0000-0002-4940-5987 FU Office of Naval Research; National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) FX The authors acknowledge platform support from the Office of Naval Research. This paper was funded by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA). The opinions, views, and conclusions found within the paper do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Department of Defense or the NGA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2010 VL 33 IS 2-3 BP 101 EP 116 AR PII 923709584 DI 10.1080/01490419.2010.492278 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 619RY UT WOS:000279449200001 ER PT J AU Leuliette, EW Scharroo, R AF Leuliette, Eric W. Scharroo, Remko TI Integrating Jason-2 into a Multiple-Altimeter Climate Data Record SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Mean sea level; Jason-2; satellite altimetry; calibration; verification ID TOPEX AB The observation strategy for satellite radar altimetry includes both inter-satellite calibration and calibration with a network of tide gauges. These cross-comparisons are valuable tools for identifying sources of error and for establishing progress toward a sea level climate data record. Demonstrating the capabilities of the Radar Altimetry Database System (RADS) as a platform for climate data records, we show comparisons of Jason-2 with Jason-1 and Envisat that illustrate errors associated with solar intensity and tracker bias. A multi-mission tide gauge calibration shows a drift in the 17-year sea level record of -0.04 +/- 0.4 mm/yr. C1 [Leuliette, Eric W.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Scharroo, Remko] Altimetrics LLC, Cornish, NH USA. RP Leuliette, EW (reprint author), NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, 1335 East West Hwy,E-RA31, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Eric.Leuliette@noaa.gov RI Leuliette, Eric/D-1527-2010; Scharroo, Remko/F-5623-2010 OI Leuliette, Eric/0000-0002-3425-4039; FU NOAA; NASA FX The authors would like to thank Gary Mitchum for the tide gauge calibration runs and valuable discussions and Frank Lemoine and Nikita Zelensky for providing the GSFC orbits. We also thank Steve Nerem and a second reviewer for helpful suggestions to improve the manuscript. This investigation was supported in part by the NOAA Office of Climate Observations program and the NASA Ocean Surface Topography program. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors, and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2010 VL 33 SU 1 BP 504 EP 517 DI 10.1080/01490419.2010.487795 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 645AI UT WOS:000281422900026 ER PT J AU Oremland, MS Allen, BM Clapham, PJ Moore, MJ Potter, C Mead, JG AF Oremland, Mollie Sue Allen, Bernadette M. Clapham, Phillip J. Moore, Michael J. Potter, Charley Mead, James G. TI Mandibular fractures in short-finned pilot whales, Globicephala macrorhynchus SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fracture; mandible; pilot whale; Globicephala macrorhynchus; stranding; trauma; competition; injury; cetaceans ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; HARBOR PORPOISES; VIOLENT INTERACTIONS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; INFANTICIDE; AGGRESSION AB P>This study's objective was to investigate mandibular fractures in 50 short-finned pilot whales, Globicephala macrorhynchus, from two mass strandings. Based on current theories that this species is sexually dimorphic and polygynous, hypotheses were: (1) males should suffer more frequent or more substantial mandibular fractures than should females, and (2) fracture occurrence should increase with male reproductive maturity and potential correlates of maturity, such as age and length. Fractures were described and correlated with physical characteristics to infer possible explanations for injuries. Mandibular fractures were surprisingly common in males and females, being found in more than half of the animals examined (27/50, or 54% overall; 17/36 or 47% of females and 10/14 or 71% of males). Length was the only correlate of fracture presence; the proportion of animals showing evidence of fracture increased with length. These results offer some support to initial hypotheses, but there must be another set of consequences that contribute to mandibular fractures in females. A combination of intra- and interspecific interactions and life history characteristics may be responsible for fractures. Further research from a larger sample of this and other cetacean species are suggested to help elucidate both the causes and implications of mandibular fractures. C1 [Oremland, Mollie Sue] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Oremland, Mollie Sue; Allen, Bernadette M.; Potter, Charley; Mead, James G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Allen, Bernadette M.; Clapham, Phillip J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Moore, Michael J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Oremland, MS (reprint author), Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM molliesue@gmail.com RI Allen, Bernadette/C-4028-2012; Moore, Michael/E-1707-2015 OI Moore, Michael/0000-0003-3074-6631 NR 41 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00334.x PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 538EO UT WOS:000273167300001 ER PT J AU McFee, WE Schwacke, JH Stolen, MK Mullin, KD Schwacke, LH AF McFee, Wayne E. Schwacke, John H. Stolen, Megan K. Mullin, Keith D. Schwacke, Lori H. TI Investigation of growth phases for bottlenose dolphins using a Bayesian modeling approach SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bayesian model; triple-logistic growth function; bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; age and growth ID RIVER LAGOON SYSTEM; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; CURVE ANALYSIS; AGE; PATTERNS; USA; REPRODUCTION; STRANDINGS AB P>The Gompertz function is the most commonly used growth function for cetacean studies. However, this function cannot represent multiple phases of growth. In this study, we present a Bayesian framework fitting parameters of a triple-logistic growth function to describe multiple phases of growth for bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), simultaneously fitting and comparing all growth parameters between South Carolina (SC), Mississippi Sound (MSS), and Indian River Lagoon (IRL) cohorts. The fitted functions indicated a preliminary early, rapid growth phase, followed by a second phase of slower growth, and then a moderate growth spurt later in life. Growth parameters between geographic cohorts did not show obvious differences, although asymptotic length for SC dolphins was lower than MSS and IRL dolphins and significantly lower between females from SC and the IRL. Growth rate velocities between the sexes showed females exceed males initially (< 1 yr), followed by males gaining an advantage around the ages of 3-4 yr until the age of around 15 yr when growth rates for both sexes approached zero (asymptotic length). This study demonstrates age-related changes in growth rates between bottlenose dolphin sexes and evidence of at least some differences (i.e., asymptotic length) across geographic cohorts. C1 [McFee, Wayne E.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Schwacke, John H.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biostat Bioinformat & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Stolen, Megan K.] Hubbs Sea World Res Inst, Orlando, FL 32821 USA. [Mullin, Keith D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Schwacke, Lori H.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP McFee, WE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM wayne.mcfee@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 67 EP 85 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00306.x PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 538EO UT WOS:000273167300005 ER PT J AU Thur, SM AF Thur, Steven M. TI User fees as sustainable financing mechanisms for marine protected areas: An application to the Bonaire National Marine Park SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Marine protected area (MPA); Scuba diving; User fee; Natural resource valuation ID REEF; MANAGEMENT; FUTURE; RESERVES AB Marine protected areas (MPAs) have proliferated globally in the past three decades. However, inadequate funding often prevents these management regimes from fulfilling their missions. Managers have become increasingly aware that successful protection of marine ecosystems is dependent not only upon an understanding of their biological and physical processes, but also their associated social and economic aspects. Unfortunately, economic values associated with MPAs and the natural resources they protect are rarely considered in decision-making and policy development. This study addresses this information gap by examining scuba divers' willingness to pay for access to quality recreational sites in the Bonaire National Marine Park, Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles. The findings indicate that the US$10 annual diver user fee in effect at the time of the study could be increased substantially without a significant adverse effect on island tourism. Depending on question format, mean willingness to pay for annual access ranged from US$61 to US$134 (2002$). All model specifications support the conclusion that doubling the US$10 user fee would have virtually no impact on visitation rates. The increased revenue generated from this sustainable financing mechanism is more than sufficient to fund both current and enhanced marine park operations. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Thur, Steven M.] Univ Delaware, Grad Coll Marine Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Thur, Steven M.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Thur, SM (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Grad Coll Marine Studies, 111 Robinson Hall, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM steven.thur@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 34 IS 1 BP 63 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2009.04.008 PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 510XU UT WOS:000271128300008 ER PT J AU Richerson, K Levin, PS Mangel, M AF Richerson, Kate Levin, Phillip S. Mangel, Marc TI Accounting for indirect effects and non-commensurate values in ecosystem based fishery management (EBFM) SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Fisheries; Seabirds; Indirect effects; Multiobjective decision-making; Non-commensurate values ID HABITAT; COLLAPSE; IMPACTS AB Ecosystem-based fishery management (EBFM) requires taking account of indirect effects (such as habitat destruction, incidental mortality, and competition between the fishery and marine mammals or birds) and dealing with non-commensurate values (such as yield from the fishery and production of offspring by the birds or mammals competing for the same resource). The perspective of EBFM requires that the rate of fishing mortality is less than the value that provides maximum sustainable yield (MSY), but the question is how far below this level should the fishery operate? For this problem in multiobjective programming, simple method of solution was developed and illustrated with the fishery for sandeels (Ammodytes spp.) in the Shetland Islands. The yield from the fishery at a given fishing mortality F is scaled by MSY (so that this quantity increases as fishing mortality increases from 0 to that giving MSY) and the breeding success of predators (black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla and Arctic terns Sterna paradisaea) at a given fishing mortality is scaled by that in the absence of fishing. The result is two non-dimensional quantities that can be combined into a single value function, which can then be explored or optimized. It is shown that a reduction of only about 20 percent in yield can nearly double the breeding performance of the more sensitive predator. Extensions of the method are discussed: these include the use of maximum economic yield (MEY) and state dependent life history. as implemented by stochastic dynamic programming. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Richerson, Kate; Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Richerson, Kate] MRAG Amer, Capitola, CA 95010 USA. [Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Mangel, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM msmangel@ucsc.edu NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 34 IS 1 BP 114 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2009.05.001 PG 6 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 510XU UT WOS:000271128300015 ER EF