FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Altin, PA McDonald, G Doring, D Debs, JE Barter, TH Close, JD Robins, NP Haine, SA Hanna, TM Anderson, RP AF Altin, P. A. McDonald, G. Doering, D. Debs, J. E. Barter, T. H. Close, J. D. Robins, N. P. Haine, S. A. Hanna, T. M. Anderson, R. P. TI Optically trapped atom interferometry using the clock transition of large Rb-87 Bose-Einstein condensates SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GASES AB We present a Ramsey-type atom interferometer operating with an optically trapped sample of 10(6) Bose-condensed Rb-87 atoms. We investigate this interferometer experimentally and theoretically with an eye to the construction of future high precision atomic sensors. Our results indicate that, with further experimental refinements, it will be possible to produce and measure the output of a sub-shot-noise-limited, large atom number BEC-based interferometer. The optical trap allows us to couple the vertical bar F = 1, m(F) = 0 > -> vertical bar F = 2, m(F) = 0 > clock states using a single photon 6.8 GHz microwave transition, while state selective readout is achieved with absorption imaging. We analyse the process of absorption imaging and show that it is possible to observe atom number variance directly, with a signal-to-noise ratio ten times better than the atomic projection noise limit on 10(6) condensate atoms. We discuss the technical and fundamental noise sources that limit our current system, and present theoretical and experimental results on interferometer contrast, de-phasing and miscibility. C1 [Altin, P. A.; McDonald, G.; Doering, D.; Debs, J. E.; Barter, T. H.; Close, J. D.; Robins, N. P.] Australian Natl Univ, Dept Quantum Sci, ARC Ctr Excellence Quantum Atom Opt, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Haine, S. A.] Univ Queensland, Sch Math & Phys, ARC Ctr Excellence Quantum Atom Opt, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Hanna, T. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hanna, T. M.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Anderson, R. P.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Altin, PA (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Dept Quantum Sci, ARC Ctr Excellence Quantum Atom Opt, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM paul.altin@anu.edu.au RI Haine, Simon/B-2548-2009; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Robins, N P/A-3725-2008; Anderson, Russell/H-1167-2011; McDonald, Gordon/H-6888-2013; Debs, John/L-2289-2015 OI Haine, Simon/0000-0003-1534-1492; Robins, N P/0000-0003-1529-5983; Anderson, Russell/0000-0002-4495-7926; McDonald, Gordon/0000-0002-2890-527X; Debs, John/0000-0003-4544-8741 FU Australian Research Council FX We acknowledge financial support from the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence program. We thank ANU Summer Scholars Shaun Johnstone and Sam Hile for their work with the spin flips. We are also very grateful to Colin Dedman for his work on the power supply servo. Specific product citations are for the purpose of clarification only and are not an endorsement by the authors, ANU, UQ, Monash University, JQI or NIST. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JUN 28 PY 2011 VL 13 AR 065020 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/13/6/065020 PG 21 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 785SQ UT WOS:000292250300006 ER PT J AU Maska, MM Lemanski, R Williams, CJ Freericks, JK AF Maska, M. M. Lemanski, R. Williams, C. J. Freericks, J. K. TI Momentum distribution and ordering in mixtures of ultracold light- and heavy-fermion atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FALICOV-KIMBALL MODEL; OPTICAL LATTICE; MOTT INSULATOR; GAS; TRANSITION; PHASES AB The momentum distribution is one of the most important quantities which provides information about interactions in many-body systems. At the same time it is a quantity that can easily be accessed in experiments on ultracold atoms. In this paper, we consider mixtures of light-and heavy-fermionic atoms in an optical lattice described effectively by the Falicov-Kimball model. Using a Monte Carlo method, we study how different ordered density-wave phases can be detected by measurement of the momentum distribution of the light atoms. We also demonstrate that ordered phases can be seen in Bragg scattering experiments. Our results indicate that the main factor that determines the momentum distribution of the light atoms is the trap confinement. On the other hand, the pattern formed by the heavy atoms seen in the Bragg scattering experiments is very sensitive to the temperature and possibly can be used in low-temperature thermometry. C1 [Maska, M. M.] Univ Silesia, Dept Theoret Phys, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. [Lemanski, R.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Low Temp & Struct Res, PL-50422 Wroclaw, Poland. [Williams, C. J.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Williams, C. J.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Freericks, J. K.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Maska, MM (reprint author), Univ Silesia, Dept Theoret Phys, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RI Freericks, James/D-7502-2011; Maska, Maciej/C-5810-2008; Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009; OI Maska, Maciej/0000-0003-2214-3283; Freericks, James/0000-0002-6232-9165 FU Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland) [N N202 052940]; DARPA OLE [W911NF0710576]; McDevitt endowment trust at Georgetown University FX M.M.M. acknowledges support under Grant No. N N202 052940 from Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland). J.K.F. acknowledges support under ARO Grant No. W911NF0710576 with funds from the DARPA OLE program and support from the McDevitt endowment trust at Georgetown University. We acknowledge M. Rigol for a critical reading of the manuscript. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN 28 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 6 AR 063631 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.83.063631 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 784TW UT WOS:000292182100006 ER PT J AU Reed, TE Schindler, DE Hague, MJ Patterson, DA Meir, E Waples, RS Hinch, SG AF Reed, Thomas E. Schindler, Daniel E. Hague, Merran J. Patterson, David A. Meir, Eli Waples, Robin S. Hinch, Scott G. TI Time to Evolve? Potential Evolutionary Responses of Fraser River Sockeye Salmon to Climate Change and Effects on Persistence SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; PACIFIC SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; FRESH-WATER; CONTEMPORARY EVOLUTION; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; MIGRATION MORTALITY; SPAWNING MIGRATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; EXTINCTION RISK AB Evolutionary adaptation affects demographic resilience to climate change but few studies have attempted to project changes in selective pressures or quantify impacts of trait responses on population dynamics and extinction risk. We used a novel individual-based model to explore potential evolutionary changes in migration timing and the consequences for population persistence in sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in the Fraser River, Canada, under scenarios of future climate warming. Adult sockeye salmon are highly sensitive to increases in water temperature during their arduous upriver migration, raising concerns about the fate of these ecologically, culturally, and commercially important fish in a warmer future. Our results suggest that evolution of upriver migration timing could allow these salmon to avoid increasingly frequent stressful temperatures, with the odds of population persistence increasing in proportion to the trait heritability and phenotypic variance. With a simulated 2 degrees C increase in average summer river temperatures by 2100, adult migration timing from the ocean to the river advanced by similar to 10 days when the heritability was 0.5, while the risk of quasi-extinction was only 17% of that faced by populations with zero evolutionary potential (i.e., heritability fixed at zero). The rates of evolution required to maintain persistence under simulated scenarios of moderate to rapid warming are plausible based on estimated heritabilities and rates of microevolution of timing traits in salmon and related species, although further empirical work is required to assess potential genetic and ecophysiological constraints on phenological adaptation. These results highlight the benefits to salmon management of maintaining evolutionary potential within populations, in addition to conserving key habitats and minimizing additional stressors where possible, as a means to build resilience to ongoing climate change. More generally, they demonstrate the importance and feasibility of considering evolutionary processes, in addition to ecology and demography, when projecting population responses to environmental change. C1 [Reed, Thomas E.; Schindler, Daniel E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Reed, Thomas E.; Waples, Robin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hague, Merran J.; Patterson, David A.] Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Meir, Eli] SimBiot Software, Ithaca, NY USA. [Hinch, Scott G.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada. [Hinch, Scott G.] Univ British Columbia, Inst Resources Environm & Sustainabil, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Reed, TE (reprint author), Netherlands Inst Ecol, Wageningen, Netherlands. EM t.reed@nioo.knaw.nl RI Reed, Thomas/A-5788-2012; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016; OI Reed, Thomas/0000-0002-7504-4273; Meir, Eli/0000-0002-1874-1750 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Fisheries and Oceans Canada FX This work was supported by grants from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Synthesis of climate effects on salmon; http://www.moore.org/grants-awarded.aspx) and from the Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Environmental Watch Program (http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/science/habitat/frw-rfo/intro-eng.htm). The funders had no direct role in study design, data analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Temperature data were provided by Fisheries and Oceans Canada's Environmental Watch Program. NR 67 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 69 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 28 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 6 AR e20380 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0020380 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 784FW UT WOS:000292142800002 PM 21738573 ER PT J AU Fischer, CF AF Fischer, Charlotte Froese TI Correlation effects on transition probabilities in Mo VI SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-STRUCTURE PACKAGE; ENERGY-LEVELS; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; LIFETIMES; CONFIGURATION; SEQUENCES AB The effect of correlation on transition probabilities for transitions in Mo VI from 4p(6)4d (2)D and 4p(6)5s (2)S to 4p(6)4f, 4p(6)5p, 4p(6)5f, 4p(5)4d(2) with J = 1/2-7/2 is investigated. Non-relativistic correlation studies show the near degeneracy of 4p(5)4d(2)((3)F) (2)F(o) and 4p(5)4d(2)((1)G)(2)F(o) configuration state functions and their strong interaction with 4p(6)5f(2)F(o). The multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock method is used to include relativistic effects and correlation simultaneously. Wavefunction composition is compared with other theory and with the least-squares fitted values recently published by Reader (2010 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 43 074024). Transition probability data are provided along with data required for accessing accuracy. Results are compared with other published values. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fischer, CF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Charlotte.Fischer@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JUN 28 PY 2011 VL 44 IS 12 AR 125001 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/44/12/125001 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 774LE UT WOS:000291386600003 ER PT J AU Moody, G Siemens, ME Bristow, AD Dai, X Bracker, AS Gammon, D Cundiff, ST AF Moody, G. Siemens, M. E. Bristow, A. D. Dai, X. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. Cundiff, S. T. TI Exciton relaxation and coupling dynamics in a GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum well and quantum dot ensemble SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CARRIER RELAXATION; SPIN RELAXATION; MU-M AB Exciton inter-and intra-actions in a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well (QW) and quantum dot (QD) ensemble are studied using optical two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy. We measure population dynamics for times up to 300 ps and temperatures up to 50 K and observe biexponential decay for both QW and QD excitons, strong QW -> QD relaxation, and weak QD -> QW activation. The population dynamics are modeled using a system of rate equations that incorporate radiative and nonradiative decay, coupling between bright and dark exciton states, and QW <-> QD coupling. The fast decay rates are attributed to exciton-bound hole spin flips between optically active and inactive states and are similar for the QW and QDs, indicating excitons are weakly localized in the QDs. The QW -> QD relaxation rate increases with temperature, and QD -> QW excitation is observed at temperatures >= 35 K. C1 [Moody, G.; Siemens, M. E.; Bristow, A. D.; Dai, X.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moody, G.; Siemens, M. E.; Bristow, A. D.; Dai, X.; Cundiff, S. T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moody, G.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bracker, A. S.; Gammon, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moody, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Bristow, Alan/F-9703-2013; Moody, Galan/J-5811-2014; Dai, Xingcan/B-3556-2014 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Moody, Galan/0000-0001-7263-1483; FU National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy, and the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, the US Department of Energy, and the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. MES acknowledges funding from the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 27 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 24 AR 245316 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.245316 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 784BO UT WOS:000292128800013 ER PT J AU Bi, HS Peterson, WT Strub, PT AF Bi, Hongsheng Peterson, William T. Strub, Paul T. TI Transport and coastal zooplankton communities in the northern California Current system SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL OREGON COAST; MARINE SURVIVAL; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; SALMON; INDICATOR; ECOSYSTEM; REGIME; OCEAN AB Alongshore transport was estimated from the gridded AVISO altimeter data and water level data from NOAA tide gauges (1993-2010) for the northern California Current (NCC) system. The biomass of the cold neritic copepods including Calanus marshallae, Pseudocalanus mimus and Acartia longiremis (dominants in the eastern Bering Sea, coastal Gulf of Alaska, and NCC) was estimated from a 15 year time series of zooplankton samples (1996-2010) collected biweekly at a coastal station 9 km off Newport Oregon U. S. A. The alongshore currents and the biomass of the cold neritic copepods exhibit a strong seasonal pattern and fluctuate in opposite phase: positive alongshore current (from south) leads to low biomass in winter and negative alongshore current (from north) leads to high biomass in summer. When the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is positive, i.e., warm conditions around the northeast Pacific, there is more movement of water from the south in the NCC during winter. When the PDO is negative, there is more movement of water from the north during summer. The mean biomass of cold neritic copepods was positively correlated with the survival rate of juvenile coho salmon and cumulative transport was negatively correlated with coho salmon survival, i.e., in years when a greater portion of the source waters feeding the NCC enters from the north, the greater the salmon survival. We conclude that alongshore transport manifests PDO signals and serves as a linkage between large scale forcing to local ecosystem dynamics. Citation: Bi, H., W. T. Peterson, and P. T. Strub (2011), Transport and coastal zooplankton communities in the northern California Current system, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L12607, doi:10.1029/2011GL047927. C1 [Bi, Hongsheng] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Peterson, William T.] NOAA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Strub, Paul T.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bi, HS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. EM hbi@umces.edu RI Bi, Hongsheng/B-9409-2012 FU NASA [NNX08AT84G, NNX08AR40G]; ONR-NOPP; US GLOBEC; NOAA-SAIP; Bonneville Power Administration; NSF/NOAA [NA09NMF4720182]; NSF [OCE-0630471, OCE-0815007] FX This synthesis research was made possible by grant NNX08AT84G from NASA. Data collection was funded by various sources including ONR-NOPP, US GLOBEC, NOAA-SAIP and the Bonneville Power Administration. Some of the data processing was funded by the NSF/NOAA CAMEO program (NA09NMF4720182). Support for PTS was provided by NSF grants (OCE-0630471 and OCE-0815007) and NASA grant NNX08AR40G. We thank the many people who contributed greatly to the collection and processing of data: Craig Risien, Jay Peterson, Leah Feinberg, Tracy Shaw, Jennifer Menkel, Rian Hooff, Karen Hunter and Jennifer Fisher. NR 31 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 25 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L12607 DI 10.1029/2011GL047927 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 783TQ UT WOS:000292107300003 ER PT J AU Pickett-Heaps, CA Rayner, PJ Law, RM Ciais, P Patra, PK Bousquet, P Peylin, P Maksyutov, S Marshall, J Rodenbeck, C Langenfelds, RL Steele, LP Francey, RJ Tans, P Sweeney, C AF Pickett-Heaps, C. A. Rayner, P. J. Law, R. M. Ciais, P. Patra, P. K. Bousquet, P. Peylin, P. Maksyutov, S. Marshall, J. Roedenbeck, C. Langenfelds, R. L. Steele, L. P. Francey, R. J. Tans, P. Sweeney, C. TI Atmospheric CO2 inversion validation using vertical profile measurements: Analysis of four independent inversion models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; FLUXES; LAND; TRANSPORT; GROWTH; OCEANS AB We present the results of a validation of atmospheric inversions of CO2 fluxes using four transport models. Each inversion uses data primarily from surface stations, combined with an atmospheric transport model, to estimate surface fluxes. The validation (or model evaluation) consists of running these optimized fluxes through the forward model and comparing the simulated concentrations with airborne concentration measurements. We focus on profiles from Cape Grim, Tasmania, and Carr, Colorado, while using other profile sites to test the generality of the comparison. Fits to the profiles are generally worse than to the surface data from the inversions and worse than the expected model-data mismatch. Thus inversion estimates are generally not consistent with the profile measurements. The TM3 model does better by some measures than the other three models. Models perform better over Tasmania than Colorado, and other profile sites bear out a general improvement from north to south and from continental to marine locations. There are also errors in the interannual variability of the fit, consistent in time and common across models. This suggests real variations in sources visible to the profile but not the surface measurements. C1 [Ciais, P.; Bousquet, P.; Peylin, P.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Law, R. M.; Langenfelds, R. L.; Steele, L. P.; Francey, R. J.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Patra, P. K.; Maksyutov, S.] JAMSTEC, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236001, Japan. [Marshall, J.; Roedenbeck, C.] Max Plank Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. [Rayner, P. J.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Tans, P.; Sweeney, C.] NOAA ESRL, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Pickett-Heaps, C. A.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Maksyutov, S.] Natl Inst Environm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Pickett-Heaps, CA (reprint author), CEA CNRS UVSQ, IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Bat 701, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM christopher.pickett-heaps@csiro.au RI Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Law, Rachel/A-1969-2012; Langenfelds, Raymond/B-5381-2012; Maksyutov, Shamil/G-6494-2011; Vuichard, Nicolas/A-6629-2011; Patra, Prabir/B-5206-2009 OI Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Law, Rachel/0000-0002-7346-0927; Maksyutov, Shamil/0000-0002-1200-9577; Patra, Prabir/0000-0001-5700-9389 FU European Commission [FP6-2005-Global-4-03667]; CSIRO-Office of the Chief Executive; CSIRO-Marine and Atmospheric Research; Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement FX We acknowledge the support of the European Commission through the GEOmon (Global Earth Observation and Monitoring) Integrated Project under the 6th Framework Program (contract FP6-2005-Global-4-03667). We also acknowledge the support of the CSIRO-Office of the Chief Executive Postdoctoral fellowship award. Finally, we acknowledge the support of CSIRO-Marine and Atmospheric Research and the Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 25 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D12305 DI 10.1029/2010JD014887 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 783VK UT WOS:000292111900001 ER PT J AU Stone, RS Augustine, JA Dutton, EG O'Neill, NT Saha, A AF Stone, R. S. Augustine, J. A. Dutton, E. G. O'Neill, N. T. Saha, A. TI Empirical determinations of the longwave and shortwave radiative forcing efficiencies of wildfire smoke SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BUDGET NETWORK; OPTICAL DEPTH; SURFACE; AEROSOL; RADIOMETER; SURFRAD; CARBON; SUN AB The surface radiation budget (SRB) is modulated by smoke aerosols that attenuate solar and emit thermal infrared radiation. Direct radiative impacts of smoke depend on several factors that lead to large uncertainties in assessing how wildfires influence climate. To quantify the impact of smoke on the SRB, evaluations of the longwave (LW) as well as the shortwave (SW) radiative forcing efficiencies (RFElw and RFEsw) are needed. Radiative forcing efficiency (RFE) is defined as the change in net irradiance per unit increase in aerosol optical depth at 500 nm (AOD(500)). An opportunity to evaluate RFElw and RFEsw of smoke presented itself on 6-7 September 2010, when a wildfire burned west of Boulder, Colorado. Smoke passed over sites where SRB, atmospheric state, and AOD measurements were being made. Values of RFE were derived empirically from coincident SRB and AOD measurements made over a range of Sun angles. RFEsw ranged between -65 and -194 Wm(-2) AOD(500)(-1) as solar zenith angles decreased from 73 degrees to 34 degrees (at solar noon). RFElw averaged similar to 10 (+/- 7) Wm(-2) AOD(500)(-1) throughout the daylight hours. During the event, the diurnally integrated value of net RFE was -51.5 Wm(-2) AOD(500)(-1), revealing the dominance of SW cooling over LW warming attributed to the smoke. In response, the surface under the smoke plume cooled by 2 degrees-5 degrees C during the day, depending on the smoke's opacity. No evaluation of nighttime effects were possible, although very slight warming may have occurred owing to thermal emissions from the plume. C1 [Stone, R. S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stone, R. S.; Augustine, J. A.; Dutton, E. G.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [O'Neill, N. T.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. [O'Neill, N. T.; Saha, A.] Univ Sherbrooke, CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. RP Stone, RS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Robert.Stone@noaa.gov OI Saha, Auromeet/0000-0002-0731-6193 NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 25 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D12207 DI 10.1029/2010JD015471 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 783VK UT WOS:000292111900004 ER PT J AU Torija, MA Sharma, M Gazquez, J Varela, M He, CY Schmitt, J Borchers, JA Laver, M El-Khatib, S Leighton, C AF Torija, Maria A. Sharma, Manish Gazquez, Jaume Varela, Maria He, Chunyong Schmitt, Josh Borchers, Julie A. Laver, Mark El-Khatib, Sami Leighton, Chris TI Chemically Driven Nanoscopic Magnetic Phase Separation at the SrTiO3(001)/La1-xSrxCoO3 Interface SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; LA0.7SR0.3MNO3; DEPOSITION; BOUNDARY; LACOO3 AB The degradation in magnetic properties in very thin film complex oxides is studied using SrTiO3(001)/La1-xSrxCoO3, providing unequivocal evidence for nanoscopic interfacial magnetic phase separation. Electron microscopy and spectroscopy reveal that this occurs due to inhomogeneity in local hole doping, driven by subtle, depthwise variations in the Sr and O stoichiometry. Simple thermodynamic and structural arguments for the origin of these variations are provided. C1 [Torija, Maria A.; Sharma, Manish; Schmitt, Josh; El-Khatib, Sami; Leighton, Chris] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Gazquez, Jaume; Varela, Maria] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, GFMC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Gazquez, Jaume; Varela, Maria] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Borchers, Julie A.; Laver, Mark; El-Khatib, Sami] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [El-Khatib, Sami] Amer Univ Sharjah, Dept Phys, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. RP Leighton, C (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM leighton@umn.edu RI Gazquez, Jaume/C-5334-2012; Varela, Maria/H-2648-2012; Varela, Maria/E-2472-2014 OI Gazquez, Jaume/0000-0002-2561-328X; Varela, Maria/0000-0002-6582-7004 FU NSF [DMR-0804432]; DoE [DE-FG02-06ER46275]; US DoE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; European Research Council FX Work at UMN was supported by NSF (DMR-0804432) and DoE (DE-FG02-06ER46275, neutron scattering). Work at ORNL (MV) was supported by the US DoE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. J.G. acknowledges the Spanish MEC 2007-0086 and the European Research Council Starting Investigator Award. The authors are grateful to J.T. Luck for STEM specimen preparation and B.B. Maranville for SANS assistance. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JUN 24 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 24 BP 2711 EP 2715 DI 10.1002/adma.201100417 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 796JC UT WOS:000293046600002 PM 21506175 ER PT J AU Sydeman, WJ Thompson, SA Field, JC Peterson, WT Tanasichuk, RW Freeland, HJ Bograd, SJ Rykaczewski, RR AF Sydeman, William J. Thompson, Sarah Ann Field, John C. Peterson, William T. Tanasichuk, Ronald W. Freeland, Howard J. Bograd, Steven J. Rykaczewski, Ryan R. TI Does positioning of the North Pacific Current affect downstream ecosystem productivity? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUB-ARCTIC WATER; WARM OCEAN YEARS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS; POPULATION BIOLOGY; BARKLEY SOUND; STORM TRACKS; CLIMATE; ZOOPLANKTON; BIFURCATION AB Fluctuations in the positioning of major ocean currents can influence ecosystem dynamics, but previously the technology has been lacking to make direct observational assessments. Here, we test the hypothesis that positioning of the North Pacific Current (NPC) is related to biological attributes of the central-northern California Current Ecosystem (CCE). To test this hypothesis we use newly available data from the Argo array and compare it with a suite of well-known ecosystem indicators over 6 years, 2002 through 2007. We found increased biomass and productivity when the NPC was shifted poleward, and suggest that positioning influences advective transport of nutrients and perhaps key planktonic organisms from the sub-arctic domain thereby enhancing mid to upper trophic level species. This study is significant because climate change is predicted to cause poleward shifts in the westerlies that drive ocean currents and positioning of large marine gyre systems. Rather than reducing ecosystem productivity, poleward shifts in positioning of the NPC may be beneficial for many species of the central-northern CCE. Citation: Sydeman, W. J., S. A. Thompson, J. C. Field, W. T. Peterson, R. W. Tanasichuk, H. J. Freeland, S. J. Bograd, and R. R. Rykaczewski (2011), Does positioning of the North Pacific Current affect downstream ecosystem productivity?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L12606, doi: 10.1029/2011GL047212. C1 [Sydeman, William J.; Thompson, Sarah Ann] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94975 USA. [Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA, Div Environm Res, NMFS, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Field, John C.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Freeland, Howard J.] Fisheries Oceans Canada Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Peterson, William T.] NOAA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Rykaczewski, Ryan R.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Tanasichuk, Ronald W.] Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. RP Sydeman, WJ (reprint author), Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, POB 750756, Petaluma, CA 94975 USA. EM wsydeman@comcast.net RI Rykaczewski, Ryan/A-8625-2016 OI Rykaczewski, Ryan/0000-0001-8893-872X FU NOAA; Sonoma County Water Agency; NSF [0929017] FX Figure 1 was produced by Spencer Wood. Figure S1 was produced by Isaac Schroeder. NOAA - Fisheries in the Environment (FATE) program, the Sonoma County Water Agency, and NSF (award 0929017) were primary sponsors of this research through awards to WJS and others. Nate Mantua provided a pre-submission review. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 24 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L12606 DI 10.1029/2011GL047212 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 783TP UT WOS:000292107200001 ER PT J AU Niu, GY Yang, ZL Mitchell, KE Chen, F Ek, MB Barlage, M Kumar, A Manning, K Niyogi, D Rosero, E Tewari, M Xia, YL AF Niu, Guo-Yue Yang, Zong-Liang Mitchell, Kenneth E. Chen, Fei Ek, Michael B. Barlage, Michael Kumar, Anil Manning, Kevin Niyogi, Dev Rosero, Enrique Tewari, Mukul Xia, Youlong TI The community Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP): 1. Model description and evaluation with local-scale measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; ATMOSPHERE COUPLING EXPERIMENT; MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL; ENERGY-BALANCE; CLIMATE MODELS; SOIL-MOISTURE; SNOW-COVER; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; GLOBAL CLIMATE; PILPS PHASE-2(E) AB This first paper of the two-part series describes the objectives of the community efforts in improving the Noah land surface model (LSM), documents, through mathematical formulations, the augmented conceptual realism in biophysical and hydrological processes, and introduces a framework for multiple options to parameterize selected processes (Noah-MP). The Noah-MP's performance is evaluated at various local sites using high temporal frequency data sets, and results show the advantages of using multiple optional schemes to interpret the differences in modeling simulations. The second paper focuses on ensemble evaluations with long-term regional (basin) and global scale data sets. The enhanced conceptual realism includes (1) the vegetation canopy energy balance, (2) the layered snowpack, (3) frozen soil and infiltration, (4) soil moisture-groundwater interaction and related runoff production, and (5) vegetation phenology. Sample local-scale validations are conducted over the First International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Field Experiment (FIFE) site, the W3 catchment of Sleepers River, Vermont, and a French snow observation site. Noah-MP shows apparent improvements in reproducing surface fluxes, skin temperature over dry periods, snow water equivalent (SWE), snow depth, and runoff over Noah LSM version 3.0. Noah-MP improves the SWE simulations due to more accurate simulations of the diurnal variations of the snow skin temperature, which is critical for computing available energy for melting. Noah-MP also improves the simulation of runoff peaks and timing by introducing a more permeable frozen soil and more accurate simulation of snowmelt. We also demonstrate that Noah-MP is an effective research tool by which modeling results for a given process can be interpreted through multiple optional parameterization schemes in the same model framework. C1 [Niu, Guo-Yue; Yang, Zong-Liang; Rosero, Enrique] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Niu, Guo-Yue] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85738 USA. [Mitchell, Kenneth E.; Ek, Michael B.; Xia, Youlong] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Natl Weather Serv, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Chen, Fei; Barlage, Michael; Manning, Kevin; Tewari, Mukul] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Kumar, Anil] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Niyogi, Dev] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Niyogi, Dev] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Niu, GY (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, 1 Univ Stn C1100, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM liang@jsg.utexas.edu RI Yang, Zong-Liang/B-4916-2011; Chen, Fei/B-1747-2009; Niu, Guo-Yue/B-8317-2011 FU NASA [NAG5-10209, NAG5-12577, NNX07A79G, NNX 08AJ84G, NNX09AJ48G]; NOAA [NA07OAR4310076]; KAUST; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40828004] FX This work was funded by NASA grants NAG5-10209, NAG5-12577, NNX07A79G, NNX 08AJ84G, NNX09AJ48G, NOAA grant NA07OAR4310076, a KAUST grant, and National Natural Science Foundation of China Project 40828004. We thank Robert E. Dickinson for reading the manuscript. NR 92 TC 205 Z9 212 U1 10 U2 109 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 24 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D12109 DI 10.1029/2010JD015139 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 783VG UT WOS:000292111500002 ER PT J AU Yang, ZL Niu, GY Mitchell, KE Chen, F Ek, MB Barlage, M Longuevergne, L Manning, K Niyogi, D Tewari, M Xia, YL AF Yang, Zong-Liang Niu, Guo-Yue Mitchell, Kenneth E. Chen, Fei Ek, Michael B. Barlage, Michael Longuevergne, Laurent Manning, Kevin Niyogi, Dev Tewari, Mukul Xia, Youlong TI The community Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP): 2. Evaluation over global river basins SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT; MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL; SOIL; RUNOFF; PRECIPITATION; PRODUCTS; WEATHER; FORMULATIONS; FRACTION AB The augmented Noah land surface model described in the first part of the two-part series was evaluated here over global river basins. Across various climate zones, global-scale tests can reveal a model's weaknesses and strengths that a local-scale testing cannot. In addition, global-scale tests are more challenging than local-and catchment-scale tests. Given constant model parameters (e. g., runoff parameters) across global river basins, global-scale tests are more stringent. We assessed model performance against various satellite and ground-based observations over global river basins through six experiments that mimic a transition from the original Noah LSM to the fully augmented version. The model shows transitional improvements in modeling runoff, soil moisture, snow, and skin temperature, despite considerable increase in computational time by the fully augmented Noah-MP version compared to the original Noah LSM. The dynamic vegetation model favorably captures seasonal and spatial variability of leaf area index and green vegetation fraction. We also conducted 36 ensemble experiments with 36 combinations of optional schemes for runoff, leaf dynamics, stomatal resistance, and the beta factor. Runoff schemes play a dominant and different role in controlling soil moisture and its relationship with evapotranspiration compared to ecological processes such as the beta factor, vegetation dynamics, and stomatal resistance. The 36-member ensemble mean of runoff performs better than any single member over the world's 50 largest river basins, suggesting a great potential of land-based ensemble simulations for climate prediction. C1 [Yang, Zong-Liang; Niu, Guo-Yue] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Mitchell, Kenneth E.; Ek, Michael B.; Xia, Youlong] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Natl Weather Serv, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Chen, Fei; Barlage, Michael; Manning, Kevin; Tewari, Mukul] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Longuevergne, Laurent] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Niyogi, Dev] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Niyogi, Dev] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Yang, ZL (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, 1 Univ Stn C1100, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM liang@jsg.utexas.edu RI Yang, Zong-Liang/B-4916-2011; Chen, Fei/B-1747-2009; Niu, Guo-Yue/B-8317-2011; Longuevergne, Laurent /F-4641-2010 OI Longuevergne, Laurent /0000-0003-3169-743X FU NASA [NAG5-10209, NAG5-12577, NNX07A79G, NNX 08AJ84G, NNX09AJ48G]; NOAA [NA07OAR4310076]; KAUST; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40828004] FX This work was funded by NASA grants NAG5-10209, NAG5-12577, NNX07A79G, NNX 08AJ84G, and NNX09AJ48G, NOAA grant NA07OAR4310076, a KAUST grant, and National Natural Science Foundation of China Project 40828004. We thank Robert E. Dickinson for reading the manuscript and the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) for providing us with computational resources. NR 35 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 5 U2 37 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 24 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D12110 DI 10.1029/2010JD015140 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 783VG UT WOS:000292111500003 ER PT J AU Wang, M Wang, XC Abernathy, DL Harriger, LW Luo, HQ Zhao, Y Lynn, JW Liu, QQ Jin, CQ Fang, C Hu, JP Dai, PC AF Wang, Meng Wang, X. C. Abernathy, D. L. Harriger, L. W. Luo, H. Q. Zhao, Yang Lynn, J. W. Liu, Q. Q. Jin, C. Q. Fang, Chen Hu, Jiangping Dai, Pengcheng TI Antiferromagnetic spin excitations single crystals of nonsuperconducting Li1-xFeAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COMPETING ORDERS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LIFEAS AB We use neutron scattering to determine spin excitations in single crystals of nonsuperconducting Li1-xFeAs throughout the Brillouin zone. Although angle resolved photoemission experiments and local density approximation calculations suggest poor Fermi surface nesting conditions for antiferromagnetic (AF) order, spin excitations in Li1-xFeAs occur at the AF wave vectors Q = (1,0) at low energies, but move to wave vectors Q = (+/- 0.5, +/- 0.5) near the zone boundary with a total magnetic bandwidth comparable to that of BaFe2As2. These results reveal that AF spin excitations still dominate the low-energy physics of these materials and suggest both itinerancy and strong electron-electron correlations are essential to understand the measured magnetic excitations. C1 [Wang, Meng; Wang, X. C.; Luo, H. Q.; Liu, Q. Q.; Jin, C. Q.; Hu, Jiangping; Dai, Pengcheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Wang, Meng; Harriger, L. W.; Dai, Pengcheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Abernathy, D. L.; Dai, Pengcheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhao, Yang; Lynn, J. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Yang] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fang, Chen; Hu, Jiangping] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Wang, M (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM pdai@utk.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; WANG, MENG/E-6595-2012; Luo, Huiqian/F-4049-2012; Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012; Hu, Jiangping/A-9154-2010; Fang, Chen/C-8263-2011; hu, jiangping /C-3320-2014 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; WANG, MENG/0000-0002-8232-2331; Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X; Hu, Jiangping/0000-0003-4480-1734; FU CAS; MOST of China; NSFC; US DOE BES [DE-FG02-05ER46202]; US DOE, Division of Scientific User Facilities FX The work in IOP is supported by CAS, the MOST of China, and NSFC. This work is also supported by the US DOE BES No. DE-FG02-05ER46202, and by the US DOE, Division of Scientific User Facilities. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 24 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 22 AR 220515 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.220515 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 782UU UT WOS:000292038700003 ER PT J AU Zhu, XX Li, QL Ioannou, DE Gu, DF Bonevich, JE Baumgart, H Suehle, JS Richter, CA AF Zhu, Xiaoxiao Li, Qiliang Ioannou, Dimitris E. Gu, Diefeng Bonevich, John E. Baumgart, Helmut Suehle, John S. Richter, Curt A. TI Fabrication, characterization and simulation of high performance Si nanowire-based non-volatile memory cells SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLASH MEMORY; CHARGE RETENTION; DEVICES; CHALLENGES; MOSFETS; LAYER AB We report the fabrication, characterization and simulation of Si nanowire SONOS-like non-volatile memory with HfO(2) charge trapping layers of varying thicknesses. The memory cells, which are fabricated by self-aligning in situ grown Si nanowires, exhibit high performance, i.e. fast program/erase operations, long retention time and good endurance. The effect of the trapping layer thickness of the nanowire memory cells has been experimentally measured and studied by simulation. As the thickness of HfO(2) increases from 5 to 30 nm, the charge trap density increases as expected, while the program/erase speed and retention remain the same. These data indicate that the electric field across the tunneling oxide is not affected by HfO(2) thickness, which is in good agreement with simulation results. Our work also shows that the Omega gate structure improves the program speed and retention time for memory applications. C1 [Zhu, Xiaoxiao; Li, Qiliang; Ioannou, Dimitris E.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Zhu, Xiaoxiao; Li, Qiliang; Bonevich, John E.; Suehle, John S.; Richter, Curt A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gu, Diefeng; Baumgart, Helmut] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Gu, Diefeng; Baumgart, Helmut] Appl Res Ctr, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Zhu, XX (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM qli6@gmu.edu; Curt.Richter@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015 OI Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695 FU NIST Office of Microelectronics; NIST Semiconductor Electronics Division; US NSF [ECCS-0846649] FX The authors acknowledge the support of the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs, NIST Semiconductor Electronics Division. The authors would also like to thank the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology's Nanofab Facility for device fabrication support. Q Li would like to acknowledge the support of US NSF, Grant ECCS-0846649. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JUN 24 PY 2011 VL 22 IS 25 SI SI AR 254020 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/22/25/254020 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 764HG UT WOS:000290619900021 PM 21572210 ER PT J AU Orkin, VL Poskrebyshev, GA Kurylo, MJ AF Orkin, Vladimir L. Poskrebyshev, Gregory A. Kurylo, Michael J. TI Rate Constants for the Reactions between OH and Perfluorinated Alkenes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CL-ATOMS; FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS; PHOTOCHEMICAL DATA; HYDROXYL RADICALS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; KINETICS; OZONE AB The rate constants for the reactions of OH radicals with fully fluorinated alkenes containing different numbers of -CF(3) groups next to olefinic carbon, CF(2)=CF(2), CF(2)=CFCF(3), CF(3)CF=CFCF(3), and (CF(3))(2)C=CFC(2)F(5), were measured between 230 and 480 K using the flash photolysis resonance fluorescence technique to give the following expressions: K(c2F4)(250-480 K) = 1.32 x 10(-12) x (T/298 K)(0.9) x exp((+600 K/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), k(c3F6)(230-2 480 K) = 9.75 x10(-14) x (T/298 K)(1.94) x exp(+922 KIT) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-)1, k(trans C4F8) (230-370 K) = 7.50 x 10(-14) x (T/298 K)(1.68) exp(+612 K/T) cm(3) molecule-1 s-1, k(cis-C4F8)(230-370 K) = 2.99 x 10(-14) x (T/298 K)(2.61) x exp(+760 KIT) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), and k(C6F12)(250-480 = 2.17 x 10(-15) x (T/298 K)(3.90) x exp( 1044K/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The kinetics of the OH reaction in an industrial sample of octofluoro-2-propene (a mixture of the cis- and trans-isomers of CF3CF=CFCF3) was studied to determine the "effective" reaction rate constant for the typically industrial mixture: k(< C4F8 >)(230-480 = 7.89 x 10(-14) x (T/298K)(1.71) x exp(+557 K/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). On the basis of these results, the atmospheric lifetimes were estimated to be 1.2, 5.3, 21, 34, and 182 days for CF(2)=CF(2), CF(3)CF=CF(2), trans-CF(3)CF=CFCF(3), cis-CF(3)CF=CFCF(3), and (CF(3))(2)C=CFC(2)F(5) respectively. The general pattern of halolalkene reactivity toward OH is discussed. C1 [Orkin, Vladimir L.; Poskrebyshev, Gregory A.; Kurylo, Michael J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Orkin, VL (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vladimir.orkin@nist.gov RI Kurylo, Michael/H-2201-2012; Poskrebyshev, Gregory/I-9122-2016 OI Poskrebyshev, Gregory/0000-0002-8920-7037 FU NATO CLG Program [ESP.EAP.CLG.983035, EST.CLG979421] FX We thank Lawrence R. Grzyll of Mainstream Engineering Corp. for supporting this work. This work was supported by the Upper Atmosphere Research Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. V.L.O. acknowledges the support of the NATO CLG Program, Grant ESP.EAP.CLG.983035 and Grant EST.CLG979421 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 23 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 24 BP 6568 EP 6574 DI 10.1021/jp201663j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 778MU UT WOS:000291709400030 PM 21615161 ER PT J AU Li, ZY Cheng, H Li, JY Hao, JK Zhang, L Hammouda, B Han, CC AF Li, Zhiyong Cheng, He Li, Junyu Hao, Jinkun Zhang, Li Hammouda, Boualem Han, Charles C. TI Large-Scale Structures in Tetrahydrofuran-Water Mixture with a Trace Amount of Antioxidant Butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID LASER-LIGHT-SCATTERING; MOLAR-MASS COMPOUNDS; SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; C-60; NANOPARTICLES; AGGREGATION; NANOBUBBLES; RELAXATION; KINETICS AB Author: Because of the closed-loop phase diagram of tetrahydrofuran (THF)-water mixture, THF aqueous solution naturally exhibits concentration fluctuations near the phase boundary. Besides the fast mode induced by concentration fluctuations, the 4.5% mole fraction THF aqueous solution is also characterized by a slow mode. The existence of a trace amount of butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) antioxidant in commercial THF strongly influences the slow mode in 4.5% mole fraction THF aqueous solution. A core-shell structure with a BHT core and a shell made from THF-rich THF-D(2)O mixture was identified by the combination of dynamic laser light scattering (DLS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). BHT is hydrophobic, stabilized by a THF-rich domain in THF aqueous solution and acts as a tracer to make the large-scale structure (slow mode) "visible" through SANS because of its larger contrast with the solvent. In contrast, this large-scale structure was almost not detectable by SANS when BHT was removed from the THF-D(2)O mixture. Combined UV-vis, DLS, and static light scattering (SLS) indicated that slow-moving objects do exist and that their sizes almost do not change, but their concentration decreases to a small but nonzero value at the infinite dilution limit. The origin of the elusive large-scale structure at zero BHT concentration is still not clear, but it might be associated with some hydrophobic impurities or nanobubbles. However, a polydisperse sphere model of similar to 8.5% mole fraction THF-D(2)O mixture can fit the structure with a radius of, similar to 100 nm, which gives the temperature-dependent low-q SANS profiles of 4.5% mole fraction THF aqueous solution at zero BHT concentration. C1 [Li, Zhiyong; Cheng, He; Li, Junyu; Hao, Jinkun; Han, Charles C.] CAS, State Key Lab Polymer Phys & Chem, Joint Lab Polymer Sci & Mat, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci,Inst Chem, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Li] China Inst Atom Energy, Neutron Scattering Lab, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cheng, H (reprint author), CAS, State Key Lab Polymer Phys & Chem, Joint Lab Polymer Sci & Mat, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci,Inst Chem, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM chenghe@iccas.ac.cn; c.c.han@iccas.ac.cn FU National Natural Scientific Foundation of China [20804052]; Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences [CMS-LX200921]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2009IM031000]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China (Young Scientists Fund) (20804052), the Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CMS-LX200921), and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China Special Funds for Innovation in 2009 (2009IM031000). The identification of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose. This work is based on SANS measurements performed at the NIST-CNR partially supported by the National Science Foundation under agreement no. DMR-0454672. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 23 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 24 BP 7887 EP 7895 DI 10.1021/jp203777g PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 778MV UT WOS:000291709500020 PM 21574607 ER PT J AU Mellinger, DK Nieukirk, SL Klinck, K Klinck, H Dziak, RP Clapham, PJ Brandsdottir, B AF Mellinger, David K. Nieukirk, Sharon L. Klinck, Karolin Klinck, Holger Dziak, Robert P. Clapham, Phillip J. Brandsdottir, Bryndis TI Confirmation of right whales near a nineteenth-century whaling ground east of southern Greenland SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE right whales; acoustic survey; seasonal occurrence; whale calls; Cape Farewell ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; EUBALAENA-GLACIALIS; SCOTIAN SHELF; ALASKA; CALLS; GULF; BAY AB North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) were found in an important nineteenth century whaling area east of southern Greenland, from which they were once thought to have been extirpated. In 2007-2008, a 1-year passive acoustic survey was conducted at five sites in and near the 'Cape Farewell Ground', the former whaling ground. Over 2000 right whale calls were recorded at these sites, primarily during July-November. Most calls were northwest of the historic ground, suggesting a broader range in this region than previously known. Geographical and temporal separation of calls confirms use of this area by multiple animals. C1 [Mellinger, David K.; Nieukirk, Sharon L.; Klinck, Karolin; Klinck, Holger; Dziak, Robert P.] Oregan State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Mellinger, David K.; Nieukirk, Sharon L.; Klinck, Karolin; Klinck, Holger; Dziak, Robert P.] NOAA Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Clapham, Phillip J.] NOAA Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Brandsdottir, Bryndis] Univ Iceland, Inst Earth Sci, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. RP Mellinger, DK (reprint author), Oregan State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM david.mellinger@oregonstate.edu OI Brandsdottir, Bryndis/0000-0002-4018-0697 FU NOAA [NA06OAR4600100]; US Navy [N00244-08-1-0029, N00244-09-1-0079, N00244-10-1-0047] FX We thank Haru Matsumoto for autonomous hydrophone design, Matt Fowler and the Icelandic Coast Guard cutter AEgir for instrument deployment/recovery, and Susan Parks and Sofie Van Parijs for assistance with right whale calls. Funding was provided by NOAA Ocean Exploration grant NA06OAR4600100 and US Navy grants N00244-08-1-0029, N00244-09-1-0079 and N00244-10-1-0047. This is PMEL contribution no. 3282. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD JUN 23 PY 2011 VL 7 IS 3 BP 411 EP 413 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2010.1191 PG 3 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 762XI UT WOS:000290515100027 PM 21270027 ER PT J AU Lauvset, SK McGillis, WR Bariteau, L Fairall, CW Johannessen, T Olsen, A Zappa, CJ AF Lauvset, Siv K. McGillis, Wade R. Bariteau, Ludovic Fairall, C. W. Johannessen, Truls Olsen, Are Zappa, Christopher J. TI Direct measurements of CO2 flux in the Greenland Sea SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAS-EXCHANGE; WIND-SPEED; OCEAN; HEAT AB During summer 2006 eddy correlation CO2 fluxes were measured in the Greenland Sea using a novel system set-up with two shrouded LICOR-7500 detectors. One detector was used exclusively to determine, and allow the removal of, the bias on CO2 fluxes due to sensor motion. A recently published correction method for the CO2-H2O cross-correlation was applied to the data set. We show that even with shrouded sensors the data require significant correction due to this cross-correlation. This correction adjusts the average CO2 flux by an order of magnitude from -6.7 x 10(-2) mol m(-2) day(-1) to -0.61 x 10(-2) mol m(-2) day(-1), making the corrected fluxes comparable to those calculated using established parameterizations for transfer velocity. Citation: Lauvset, S. K., W. R. McGillis, L. Bariteau, C. W. Fairall, T. Johannessen, A. Olsen, and C. J. Zappa (2011), Direct measurements of CO2 flux in the Greenland Sea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L12603, doi:10.1029/2011GL047722. C1 [Lauvset, Siv K.; Johannessen, Truls] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Bariteau, Ludovic] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fairall, C. W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [McGillis, Wade R.; Zappa, Christopher J.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Lauvset, Siv K.; Johannessen, Truls; Olsen, Are] Uni Bjerknes Ctr, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Lauvset, Siv K.; Johannessen, Truls; Olsen, Are] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [McGillis, Wade R.; Zappa, Christopher J.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY USA. RP Lauvset, SK (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Allegaten 70, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. EM siv.lauvset@gfi.uib.no RI Olsen, Are/A-1511-2011; Lauvset, Siv/H-7948-2016 OI Olsen, Are/0000-0003-1696-9142; Lauvset, Siv/0000-0001-8498-4067 FU Norwegian Research Council [185093/S30]; CARBOOCEAN EU IP [5111176-2] FX This analysis has been funded by the Norwegian Research Council through the project CARBON-HEAT (185093/S30). The 2006 Greenland Sea research cruise onboard R/V G.O. Sars was funded by the CARBOOCEAN EU IP (5111176-2). We would like to thank the captain and crew onboard G.O. Sars for their help and cooperation during the cruise, as well as all others who helped setting up and taking down the system. This is publication A331 from the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 22 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L12603 DI 10.1029/2011GL047722 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 783TN UT WOS:000292107000003 ER PT J AU Bishof, M Lin, Y Swallows, MD Gorshkov, AV Ye, J Rey, AM AF Bishof, M. Lin, Y. Swallows, M. D. Gorshkov, A. V. Ye, J. Rey, A. M. TI Resolved Atomic Interaction Sidebands in an Optical Clock Transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE CLOCK; FREQUENCY; FERMIONS; SHIFTS AB We report the observation of resolved atomic interaction sidebands (ISB) in the Sr-87 optical clock transition when atoms at microkelvin temperatures are confined in a two-dimensional optical lattice. The ISB are a manifestation of the strong interactions that occur between atoms confined in a quasi-one-dimensional geometry and disappear when the confinement is relaxed along one dimension. The emergence of ISB is linked to the recently observed suppression of collisional frequency shifts. At the current temperatures, the ISB can be resolved but are broad. At lower temperatures, ISB are predicted to be substantially narrower and useful spectroscopic tools in strongly interacting alkaline-earth gases. C1 [Bishof, M.; Lin, Y.; Swallows, M. D.; Ye, J.; Rey, A. M.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bishof, M.; Lin, Y.; Swallows, M. D.; Ye, J.; Rey, A. M.] NIST, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bishof, M.; Lin, Y.; Swallows, M. D.; Ye, J.; Rey, A. M.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gorshkov, A. V.] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Bishof, M (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008 OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421 FU ARO DARPA OLE; NIST; NSF; AFOSR; NRC; Lee A. DuBridge Foundation; NDSEG FX We thank M. Martin and S. Blatt. This work was supported by ARO DARPA OLE, NIST, NSF, AFOSR, NRC, Lee A. DuBridge Foundation, and NDSEG. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 22 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 25 AR 250801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.250801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 781OH UT WOS:000291942400002 PM 21770623 ER PT J AU Liu, MF Zhang, X Zammarano, M Gilman, JW Davis, RD Kashiwagi, T AF Liu, Meifang Zhang, Xin Zammarano, Mauro Gilman, Jeffrey W. Davis, Rick D. Kashiwagi, Takashi TI Effect of montmorillonite dispersion on flammability properties of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) nanocomposites SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Dispersion; Flammability; Montmorillonite ID LAYERED-SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ORGANOCLAY STRUCTURE; CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; THERMAL-STABILITY; POLYMER; MORPHOLOGY; NYLON-6; POLYPROPYLENE; EXFOLIATION AB Poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)/Cloisite 20A (95/5) nanocomposites, having various spatial dispersion levels of the clay, were prepared with controlling clay concentrations in a solvent by the coagulation method. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the nanocomposites on a nano-scale and on a micro-scale. Quantitative analysis of clay spatial dispersion in the nanocomposites based on the laser scanning confocal microscopy images was conducted from three different perspectives: 1) clay spatial distribution; 2) the non-clay-occupied domain size; and 3) the relationship between the frequency and intensity of pixels in the images. The results from these quantitative methods indicate that nanocomposites with different spatial dispersion levels of clay in the poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) matrix were obtained. Evidently, the Delta d(001) data from the X-ray diffraction was found to be not useful in measuring the clay dispersion in the nanocomposites. The effect of clay dispersion on the flammability properties of the nanocomposites and relevant mechanism of the clay dispersion having influence on flammability were also investigated. In radiant gasification experiments at 50 kW/m(2), the best clay dispersion yielded a 32% reduction in peak mass loss rate, as compared to the nanocomposites with the worst dispersion. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Meifang; Zammarano, Mauro; Gilman, Jeffrey W.; Davis, Rick D.; Kashiwagi, Takashi] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Meifang] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Polymer Mat Engn, Polymer Res Inst, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Xin] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Liu, MF (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM liumf2009@gmail.com; takashi.kashiwagi@nist.gov RI Zhang, Xin/G-7362-2011; OI Zammarano, Mauro/0000-0002-5145-7110 FU China State Scholarship; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Maryland NanoCenter and its NispLab; NSF; NIST [9H9184] FX MF.L. acknowledges funding partially from the China State Scholarship and partially from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). X.Z. acknowledges the support of the Maryland NanoCenter and its NispLab. The NispLab is supported in part by the NSF as an MRSEC Shared Experimental Facility. T. K. acknowledges funding from the NIST under Grant 9H9184. We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Zhouhui Lian and Dr.Songfeng Wu, Dr. Li-Piin Sung and Dr. Tom Ohlemiller and at the NIST for helping with discussing the calculation of clay dispersion and writing the Mat lab code, the confocal microscopy test and grammatical corrections, respectively. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUN 22 PY 2011 VL 52 IS 14 BP 3092 EP 3103 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.05.001 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 783CR UT WOS:000292059600014 ER PT J AU Smith, KD Bruns, M Stoliarov, SI Nyden, MR Ezekoye, OA Westmoreland, PR AF Smith, K. D. Bruns, M. Stoliarov, S. I. Nyden, M. R. Ezekoye, O. A. Westmoreland, P. R. TI Assessing the effect of molecular weight on the kinetics of backbone scission reactions in polyethylene using Reactive Molecular Dynamics SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Reactive molecular dynamics; Polyethylene; Backbone scission ID MM3 FORCE-FIELD; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; DECOMPOSITION; HYDROCARBONS; POLYSTYRENE; PYROLYSIS; POLYMERS; SIMULATIONS; MECHANICS; POLYPROPYLENE AB Kinetics of polymer bond scission, the initial step in thermal decomposition of polyethylene and other vinyl polymers, was investigated as a function of the number of repeat units using an improved Reactive Molecular Dynamics (RMD) approach, which is introduced here. The rate of scission per bond is shown to depend on the degree of polymerization, an effect not captured by the conventional practice of modeling polymer decomposition with small-molecule Arrhenius parameters. In the new approach, implemented in an open-source C++ code RxnMD, well-behaved reactive force fields are generated using switching functions that activate and attenuate terms obtained from a conventional, non-reactive force field. In this way, predefined reaction types are modeled accurately by interpolating smoothly between non-reactive potential energy terms describing reactants, transition states, and products. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Smith, K. D.; Westmoreland, P. R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Bruns, M.; Ezekoye, O. A.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Stoliarov, S. I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Fire Protect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nyden, M. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Westmoreland, PR (reprint author), United Technol Res Ctr, 411 Silver Lane, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. EM phil.westmoreland@ncsu.edu FU Cluster F for Fire-Safe Polymers of the Center for UMass-Industry Research on Polymers (CUMIRP); Boeing; Boltaron Performance; Borealis; Federal Aviation Administration; Hickory Springs; Kleerdex Company; Multina; National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Institute of Standards and Technology, SABIC; Solvay Advanced Polymers; US Army FX The authors acknowledge the help of Professor Vadim Knyazev (The Catholic University of America) who performed the ONIOM calculations described in Section 3 and who has contributed many insightful suggestions during the course of this work. K. D. Smith and P. R. Westmoreland were supported through Cluster F for Fire-Safe Polymers of the Center for UMass-Industry Research on Polymers (CUMIRP), a consortium sponsored by Boeing, Boltaron Performance, Borealis, Federal Aviation Administration, Hickory Springs, Kleerdex Company, Multina, National Institute of Standards and Technology, SABIC, Solvay Advanced Polymers, and the US Army. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUN 22 PY 2011 VL 52 IS 14 BP 3104 EP 3111 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.04.035 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 783CR UT WOS:000292059600015 ER PT J AU Finnerty, P MacMullin, S Back, HO Henning, R Long, A Macon, KT Strain, J Lindstrom, RM Vogelaar, RB AF Finnerty, P. MacMullin, S. Back, H. O. Henning, R. Long, A. Macon, K. T. Strain, J. Lindstrom, R. M. Vogelaar, R. B. TI Low-background gamma counting at the Kimballton Underground Research Facility SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Gamma spectroscopy; Low-background ID HPGE DETECTOR; RADIOACTIVITY; EFFICIENCY; GERDA AB The next generation of low-background physics experiments will require the use of materials with unprecedented radio-purity. A gamma-counting facility at the Kimballton Underground Research Facility (KURF) has been commissioned to perform initial screening of materials for radioactivity primarily from nuclides in the (238)U and (232)Th decay chains, (40)K and cosmic-ray induced isotopes. The facility consists of two commercial low-background high purity germanium (HPGe) detectors. A continuum background reduction better than a factor of 10 was achieved by going underground. This paper describes the facility, detector systems, analysis techniques and selected assay results. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Finnerty, P.; MacMullin, S.; Henning, R.; Long, A.; Macon, K. T.; Strain, J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Finnerty, P.; MacMullin, S.; Back, H. O.; Henning, R.; Strain, J.] Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Back, H. O.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lindstrom, R. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vogelaar, R. B.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Finnerty, P (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM paddy@unc.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU NSF [PHY 0705014]; DOE-HEP [DE-FG02-07ER41484]; DOE [DE-FG02-97ER4104, DE-FG02-97ER41033] FX This worked was primarily support by NSF Grant # PHY 0705014 and DOE-HEP Grant # DE-FG02-07ER41484. Additional support was provided by DOE Grant nos. DE-FG02-97ER4104 and DE-FG02-97ER41033. We acknowledge Lhoist North America, especially Mark Luxbacher, for providing us access to the underground site and logistical support. We also acknowledge the logistical support and help with remote operations from Mary Kidd, S. Derek Roundtree, Werner Tornow, and the TUNL technical staff. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 21 PY 2011 VL 642 IS 1 BP 65 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2011.03.064 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 790IM UT WOS:000292581700009 ER PT J AU Lu, GP Cummer, SA Lyons, WA Krehbiel, PR Li, JB Rison, W Thomas, RJ Edens, HE Stanley, MA Beasley, W MacGorman, DR van der Velde, OA Cohen, MB Lang, TJ Rutledge, SA AF Lu, Gaopeng Cummer, Steven A. Lyons, Walter A. Krehbiel, Paul R. Li, Jingbo Rison, William Thomas, Ronald J. Edens, Harald E. Stanley, Mark A. Beasley, William MacGorman, Donald R. van der Velde, Oscar A. Cohen, Morris B. Lang, Timothy J. Rutledge, Steven A. TI Lightning development associated with two negative gigantic jets SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES; BLUE JETS; IONOSPHERE; THUNDERCLOUD; CHARGE; THUNDERSTORMS AB We report observations of two negative polarity gigantic jets sufficiently near very high-frequency (VHF) lightning mapping networks that the associated lightning characteristics and charge transfer could be investigated. In both cases the gigantic jet-producing flash began as ordinary intracloud lightning with upper level channels attempting to exit the cloud, and then produced the upward gigantic jet. Neither flash had developed channels to ground, confirming that the major charge transfer during gigantic jets occurred between the cloud and ionosphere. The leader progression of one event was detected at altitudes above 20 km, demonstrating the possibility of detecting and tracking the propagation of negative jets above the cloud with VHF techniques. Citation: Lu, G., et al. (2011), Lightning development associated with two negative gigantic jets, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L12801, doi:10.1029/2011GL047662. C1 [Lu, Gaopeng; Cummer, Steven A.; Li, Jingbo] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Lyons, Walter A.] FMA Res, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Krehbiel, Paul R.; Rison, William; Thomas, Ronald J.; Edens, Harald E.; Stanley, Mark A.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Langmuir Lab, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Beasley, William] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Sarkeys Energy Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [MacGorman, Donald R.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [van der Velde, Oscar A.] Tech Univ Catalonia, Dept Elect Engn, E-08222 Terrassa, Spain. [Cohen, Morris B.] Stanford Univ, Star Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lang, Timothy J.; Rutledge, Steven A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lu, GP (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Box 90291, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM gl46@duke.edu RI Cohen, Morris/A-3684-2012; Lu, Gaopeng/D-9011-2012; Cummer, Steven/A-6118-2008; OI Cohen, Morris/0000-0002-7920-5759; Cummer, Steven/0000-0002-0002-0613; Lang, Timothy/0000-0003-1576-572X; van der Velde, Oscar/0000-0002-1638-6628; MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196 FU DARPA; NSF; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [AYA2009-14027-C05-05] FX This work was supported by the DARPA NIMBUS program (to Duke, Stanford, New Mexico Tech, and FMA Research), NSF Physical and Dynamic Meteorology Program (to Colorado State Univ.), and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation grant AYA2009-14027-C05-05 (to Technical Univ. of Catalonia). The GJs were observed by Joel Gonzalez in Florida, and by Kevin Palivec in Texas. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 21 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L12801 DI 10.1029/2011GL047662 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 783TM UT WOS:000292106900002 ER PT J AU Ziemkiewicz, MP Roscioli, JR Nesbitt, DJ AF Ziemkiewicz, Michael P. Roscioli, Joseph R. Nesbitt, David J. TI State-to-state dynamics at the gas-liquid metal interface: Rotationally and electronically inelastic scattering of NO[(2)Pi(1/2)(0.5)] from molten gallium SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY-TRANSFER; MOLECULAR-BEAM SCATTERING; SURFACE SCATTERING; CO2 SCATTERING; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; RESOLVED SCATTERING; SOLID-SURFACES; NO SCATTERING; NITRIC-OXIDE; X-RAY AB Jet cooled NO molecules are scattered at 45 degrees with respect to the surface normal from a liquid gallium surface at E-inc from 1.0(3) to 20(6) kcal/mol to probe rotationally and electronically inelastic scattering from a gas-molten metal interface (numbers in parenthesis represent 1 sigma uncertainty in the corresponding final digits). Scattered populations are detected at 45 degrees by confocal laser induced fluorescence (LIF) on the gamma(0-0) and gamma(1-1) A(2)Sigma <- X-2 Pi(Omega) bands, yielding rotational, spin-orbit, and lambda-doublet population distributions. Scattering of low speed NO molecules results in Boltzmann distributions with effective temperatures considerably lower than that of the surface, in respectable agreement with the Bowman-Gossage rotational cooling model [J. M. Bowman and J. L. Gossage, Chem. Phys. Lett. 96, 481 (1983)] for desorption from a restricted surface rotor state. Increasing collision energy results in a stronger increase in scattered NO rotational energy than spin-orbit excitation, with an opposite trend noted for changes in surface temperature. The difference between electronic and rotational dynamics is discussed in terms of the possible influence of electron hole pair excitations in the conducting metal. While such electronically non-adiabatic processes can also influence vibrational dynamics, the gamma(1-1) band indicates < 2.6 x 10(-4) probability for collisional formation of NO(v = 1) at surface temperatures up to 580 K. Average translational to rotational energy transfer is compared from a hard cube model perspective with previous studies of NO scattering from single crystal solid surfaces. Despite a lighter atomic mass (70 amu), the liquid Ga surface is found to promote translational to rotational excitation more efficiently than Ag(111) (108 amu) and nearly as effectively as Au(111) (197 amu). The enhanced propensity for Ga(l) to transform incident translational energy into rotation is discussed in terms of temperature-dependent capillary wave excitation of the gas-liquid metal interface. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3591180] C1 [Ziemkiewicz, Michael P.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ziemkiewicz, MP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation FX This work has been supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, with additional funding for equipment provided by the National Science Foundation. NR 72 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 21 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 23 AR 234703 DI 10.1063/1.3591180 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 782EZ UT WOS:000291992500032 PM 21702572 ER PT J AU Anker, A Nizinski, M AF Anker, Arthur Nizinski, Martha TI Description of a new deep-water species of Alpheus Fabricius, 1798 from the Gulf of Mexico (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Caridea; Alpheidae; Alpheus; Gulf of Mexico; western Atlantic; deep-water reefs; new species AB A new deep-water species of the snapping shrimp genus Alpheus Fabricius, 1798 is described from two offshore localities in the northern Gulf of Mexico, south of Louisiana. Alpheus lentiginosus n. sp. belongs to the A. macrocheles (Hailstone, 1835) species group and is most closely related to the western Atlantic A. pouang Christoffersen, 1979 and A. amblyonyx Chace 1972, the eastern Atlantic A. platydactylus Coutiere, 1897 and A. macrocheles (Hailstone, 1835), and perhaps also to the eastern Pacific A. exilis Kim & Abele, 1988. The new species is associated with deep-water soft sediments adjacent to clusters of Lophelia pertusa (L.) (Scleractinia) or mud-covered rocks and cobble, at a depth range of 336-438 m, thus representing the deepest-known record of the Alpheidae in the Gulf of Mexico and the entire western Atlantic. C1 [Anker, Arthur] Univ Fed Ceara, Inst Ciencias Mar Labomar, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Nizinski, Martha] Smithsonian Inst, NOAA NMFS Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Anker, A (reprint author), Univ Fed Ceara, Inst Ciencias Mar Labomar, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. EM arthuranker7@yahoo.com; nizinski@si.edu FU US Geological Survey FX The science parties, the crew of the R/V Seward Johnson and the pilots of the Johnson Sea Link are gratefully acknowledged for their assistance with collection of the above-reported material. Funding support for expeditions to the Gulf of Mexico was provided by US Geological Survey Deepwater Program (K.J. Sulak, lead PI in 2004; S. W. Ross, lead PI in 2009). Karen Reed (USNM) informed MN about AA visiting the USNM collections thus initiating this study and also arranged loan of specimens. Linda Ward (USNM) and Cheryl Ames (UNCW, NOAA) provided curatorial assistance; Cheryl Morrison (USGS) provided colour photographs; William Moser (USNM) helped with station data. Kristin Hultgren (USNM) and an anonymous reviewer kindly reviewed the manuscript. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUN 21 PY 2011 IS 2925 BP 49 EP 56 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 782HF UT WOS:000291998400005 ER PT J AU Ziskin, D Aubrecht, C Elvidge, C Tuttle, B Eakin, CM Strong, AE Guild, LS AF Ziskin, Daniel Aubrecht, Christoph Elvidge, Chris Tuttle, Ben Eakin, C. Mark Strong, Alan E. Guild, Liane S. TI Describing coral reef bleaching using very high spatial resolution satellite imagery: experimental methodology SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE coral reef bleaching; high resolution imagery; IKONOS; QuickBird ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPECTRAL DISCRIMINATION; RECOVERY; FUTURE; LIMITS AB This paper proposes an experimental methodology toward describing and quantifying coral reef bleaching using very high spatial resolution optical satellite imagery. Sea surface temperature-based bleaching alerts issued by NOAA's Coral Reef Watch triggered image acquisition and served as an indication for high bleaching probability. Images of suspected coral reef bleaching events and reference images of the same reefs during previous unbleached conditions were coregistered and radiometrically normalized for change detection. An experimental methodology was developed to describe the severity and extent of the bleaching. The methodology hinges on the creation of the Coral Bleaching Index (CBI), constructed from change detected in the green, blue, and red wavelength bands. Results are provided in the form of colorized difference images showing areas of observed bleaching in gold, as well as CBI images, visualizing varying bleaching intensities. Comparison of the CBI with available field validation data yielded a correlation, however additional reference data would be needed for more detailed quality assessment. This technique is seen as a step toward the routine detection and long-term monitoring of coral reef bleaching from space and serves as a proposed tool for detecting bleaching in remote areas where observers cannot be deployed. (C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI:10.1117/1.3595300] C1 [Ziskin, Daniel; Tuttle, Ben] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Aubrecht, Christoph] AIT, A-1220 Vienna, Austria. [Elvidge, Chris] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, US Dept Commerce, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Eakin, C. Mark; Strong, Alan E.] NOAA, Coral Reef Watch NOAA E RA31, SSMC1, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Guild, Liane S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Biospher Sci Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Ziskin, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Daniel.Ziskin@noaa.gov RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009; Aubrecht, Christoph/K-1821-2012; Strong, Alan/E-7924-2011; Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010 FU NOAA FX This project has been made possible through funding provided by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. Tide data was graciously provided by Kelly Stoker of the NOAA National Geophysical Data Center. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD JUN 20 PY 2011 VL 5 AR 053531 DI 10.1117/1.3595300 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 792SY UT WOS:000292771000001 ER PT J AU Li, J Siritanon, T Stalick, JK Sleight, AW Subramanian, MA AF Li, Jun Siritanon, Theeranun Stalick, Judith K. Sleight, Arthur W. Subramanian, M. A. TI Structural Studies and Electrical Properties of Cs/Al/Te/O Phases with the Pyrochlore Structure SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INTERATOMIC DISTANCES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; HIGH-PRESSURE; OXIDE; DIFFRACTION AB A series of polycrystalline and single crystal cesium aluminum tellurates with the pyrochlore structure have been prepared and characterized. The variations in cell edge for the Cs/Al/Te/O phases range from 10.06 angstrom for the Al rich limit to 10.14 angstrom for the Te rich limit. Rietveld structural analyses based on both X-ray and neutron diffraction data were performed on S different compositions. Single crystals of 3 compositions were prepared and studied by X-ray diffraction. The anharmonic component of the thermal motion for Cs was small but became significant on replacing Cs with Rb. A maximum in the electrical conductivity of about 0.1 S/cm is found in the middle of this range close to the ideal composition of CsAl(1/3)Te(5/3)O(6). The conductivity is attributed to filled Te Ss states associated with Te(4+) lying just below the conduction band based on empty Te Ss states associated with Te(6+). The relatively large Te(4+) ion is compressed by the lattice, and as this compression increases the filled Ss states approach the conduction band and thereby increases conductivity. C1 [Li, Jun; Siritanon, Theeranun; Sleight, Arthur W.; Subramanian, M. A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Stalick, Judith K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Subramanian, MA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Gilbert Hall 153, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mas.subramanian@oregonstate.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU NSF [DMR 0804167] FX This work was supported by NSF Grant DMR 0804167. We thank Dr. Lev Zakharov for his help with single crystal work and Dr. Vac lav Petricek for his guidance in using Jana for anharmonic calculation. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUN 20 PY 2011 VL 50 IS 12 BP 5747 EP 5754 DI 10.1021/ic200574v PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 774YG UT WOS:000291422100054 PM 21553836 ER PT J AU Montes, MA Churnside, J Lee, Z Gould, R Arnone, R Weidemann, A AF Montes, Martin A. Churnside, James Lee, Zhongping Gould, Richard Arnone, Robert Weidemann, Alan TI Relationships between water attenuation coefficients derived from active and passive remote sensing: a case study from two coastal environments SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OCEAN COLOR; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; OCEANOGRAPHIC LIDAR; SCATTERING; UNCERTAINTIES; ALGORITHM; RADIATION; INHERENT; MODEL; FIELD AB Relationships between the satellite-derived diffuse attenuation coefficient of downwelling irradiance (K-d) and airborne-based vertical attenuation of lidar volume backscattering (alpha) were examined in two coastal environments. At 1.1 km resolution and a wavelength of 532 nm, we found a greater connection between alpha and K-d when alpha was computed below 2 m depth (Spearman rank correlation coefficient up to 0.96), and a larger contribution of K-d to alpha with respect to the beam attenuation coefficient as estimated from lidar measurements and K-d models. Our results suggest that concurrent passive and active optical measurements can be used to estimate total scattering coefficient and backscattering efficiency in waters without optical vertical structure. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Montes, Martin A.; Lee, Zhongping] Mississippi State Univ, Geosyst Res Inst, Mississippi State, MS 39529 USA. [Gould, Richard; Arnone, Robert; Weidemann, Alan] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, NASA, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Churnside, James] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Montes, MA (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Geosyst Res Inst, Mississippi State, MS 39529 USA. EM mmontes@gri.msstate.edu RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) [PBE0601153N] FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) internal project "3D Remote Sensing with a Multiple-Band Active and Passive System: Theoretical Basis," PBE0601153N. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 20 PY 2011 VL 50 IS 18 BP 2990 EP 2999 DI 10.1364/AO.50.002990 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 781WN UT WOS:000291968500024 PM 21691366 ER PT J AU Baek, B Lita, AE Verma, V Nam, SW AF Baek, Burm Lita, Adriana E. Verma, Varun Nam, Sae Woo TI Superconducting a-WxSi1-x nanowire single-photon detector with saturated internal quantum efficiency from visible to 1850 nm SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE amorphous state; nanowires; noise; silicon alloys; superconducting devices; tungsten alloys ID FILMS; LIGHT AB We have developed a single-photon detector based on superconducting amorphous tungsten-silicon alloy (a-WxSi1-x) nanowire. Our device made from a uniform a-WxSi1-x nanowire covers a practical detection area (16 mu mx16 mu m) and shows high sensitivity featuring a plateau of the internal quantum efficiencies, i.e., efficiencies of generating an electrical pulse per absorbed photon, over a broad wavelength and bias range. This material system for superconducting nanowire detector technology could overcome the limitations of the prevalent nanowire devices based on NbN and lead to more practical, ideal single-photon detectors having high efficiency, low noise, and high count rates. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3600793] C1 [Baek, Burm; Lita, Adriana E.; Verma, Varun; Nam, Sae Woo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Baek, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM burm.baek@nist.gov FU NIST Quantum Information initiative FX This work was supported by the NIST Quantum Information initiative. We acknowledge Justin Shaw for assistance with x-ray diffraction measurements for our a-WxSi1-x films and Richard Mirin for the comments on the manuscript. NR 22 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 20 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 25 AR 251105 DI 10.1063/1.3600793 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 782VE UT WOS:000292039900005 ER PT J AU Comarazamy, DE Gonzalez, JE AF Comarazamy, Daniel E. Gonzalez, Jorge E. TI Regional long-term climate change (1950-2000) in the midtropical Atlantic and its impacts on the hydrological cycle of Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MONTANE CLOUD FORESTS; CARIBBEAN RAINFALL; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; MIDSUMMER DROUGHT; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; CIRCULATION; RAMS; ENSO; PRECIPITATION; MICROPHYSICS AB Large-scale climate data for the north tropical Atlantic (NTA) region show that air temperatures have increased during the past 50 years (1955-1959 to 2000-2004) with moderate warming near the Caribbean islands to considerable heating in the northern region. This pattern may be driven by sea surface temperature anomalies in the same region of study that follow relatively small changes in the Caribbean basin to stronger anomalies in the northeast. These changes might be associated with changes in the long-term pattern of the NTA high-pressure system that drives climate in the region. A series of mesoscale numerical experiments were designed to study the regional impacts these large-scale changes have on the hydrological cycle of the island of Puerto Rico. Results indicate that increased easterly surface winds for the 1950-2000 time frame disrupts a pattern of inland moisture advection and convergence zone, increasing cloud base heights and reducing the total column liquid water content over high elevations. This combination of factors produces a reduction in precipitation over the central and eastern mountains of Puerto Rico. C1 [Comarazamy, Daniel E.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Gonzalez, Jorge E.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Comarazamy, DE (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, 140th St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM dcomarazamy@ccny.cuny.edu RI Comarazamy, Daniel/C-8246-2014 FU NASA of the University of Puerto Rico; NOAA-CREST [NA06OAR4810162] FX This research was partially funded by the NASA-EPSCoR program of the University of Puerto Rico and by NOAA-CREST grant NA06OAR4810162. The atmospheric model simulations were performed at the High Performance Computing Facilities of the University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 18 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D00Q05 DI 10.1029/2010JD015414 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 780AH UT WOS:000291822800001 ER PT J AU Tozuka, T Doi, T Miyasaka, T Keenlyside, N Yamagata, T AF Tozuka, Tomoki Doi, Takeshi Miyasaka, Takafumi Keenlyside, Noel Yamagata, Toshio TI Key factors in simulating the equatorial Atlantic zonal sea surface temperature gradient in a coupled general circulation model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; CUMULUS CONVECTION; SEASONAL CYCLE; PARAMETERIZATION; CLIMATE; SCHEME; BIASES; VARIABILITY AB Causes of the coupled model bias in simulating the zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the equatorial Atlantic are examined in three versions of the same coupled general circulation model (CGCM) differing only in the cumulus convection scheme. One version of the CGCM successfully simulates the mean zonal SST gradient of the equatorial Atlantic, in contrast to the failure of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 models. The present analysis shows that key factors to be successful are high skills in simulating the meridional location of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, the precipitation over northern South America, and the southerly winds along the west coast of Africa associated with the West African monsoon in boreal spring. Model biases in the Pacific contribute to the weaker precipitation over northern South America. Uncoupled experiments with the atmospheric component further confirm the importance of remote influences on the development of the equatorial Atlantic bias. C1 [Tozuka, Tomoki; Miyasaka, Takafumi; Yamagata, Toshio] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Doi, Takeshi] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Keenlyside, Noel] Univ Kiel, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. RP Tozuka, T (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM tozuka@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Tozuka, Tomoki/A-1805-2009; Yamagata, Toshio/A-1807-2009; Doi, Takeshi/C-1989-2013; Keenlyside, Noel/E-8303-2013 OI Tozuka, Tomoki/0000-0001-6738-1299; Keenlyside, Noel/0000-0002-8708-6868 FU JST/JICA; Japan Society for Promotion of Science [21740341, 20340125]; Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy FX Constructive comments provided by two anonymous reviewers helped us to improve the earlier manuscript. We thank Arun Chakraborty and Milind Mujumdar for their contributions during the early stage of development for UTCM. The CGCM was run on HITACHI SR11000/J1 of the Information Technology Center, University of Tokyo, under cooperative research with the Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo. We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI), and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel data set. Support of this data set is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. The present research is supported by JST/JICA through the Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) and by the Japan Society for Promotion of Science through Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) 21740341 and Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) 20340125. NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 18 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C06010 DI 10.1029/2010JC006717 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 780AZ UT WOS:000291824800004 ER PT J AU Bottein, MYD Wang, ZH Ramsdell, JS AF Bottein, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Wang, Zhihong Ramsdell, John S. TI Toxicokinetics of the ciguatoxin P-CTX-1 in rats after intraperitoneal or oral administration SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ciguatera; Ciguatoxin; Food poisoning; Harmful algal bloom; Toxicokinetics; Marine biotoxins; Algal toxin; Phycotoxin ID EEL GYMNOTHORAX-JAVANICUS; GAMBIERDISCUS-TOXICUS; CIGUATERA; MICE; PACIFIC; BLOOD; ASSAY; BREVETOXINS; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES AB Ciguatoxins are voltage-gated selective algal toxins responsible for ciguatera fish poisoning. In this study we evaluate the toxicokinetics of one of the most common ciguatoxins found in the Pacific, the P-CTX-1, in rat after an oral or intraperitoneal (ip) dose of 0.26 mu g/kg body weight. We report levels of ciguatoxin activity assessed over time in blood, urine and feces, and at 4 days in liver, muscle and brain, using the functional in vitro N2A cytotoxicity assay. Following exposure, the ciguatoxin activity exhibited a rapid systemic absorption that was followed by a bi-exponential decline, and data best fit a two-compartment model analysis. Maximum blood concentrations were reached at 1.97 and 0.43 h after the oral and ip dose, respectively. Ciguatoxin elimination from blood was slow with terminal half lives (t(1/2)beta) estimated at 82 h for oral and 112 h for ip dosing. Ciguatoxin activity remained in liver, muscle and brain 96 h after ip and oral administration. While smaller amounts appeared in the urine, the main excretion route was feces, with peak rates reaching >10 pg P-CTX-1 equivalents/h in both routes of administration. Assay guided fractionation showed the presence in the feces and liver of peaks of activity corresponding to the P-CTX-1 and to other less polar metabolites. In conclusion, biologically active ciguatoxins are detectable in blood, liver, muscle and brain, and continued to be excreted in urine and feces 4 days following exposure. Blood, as well as urine and feces may be useful matrices for low-invasive testing methods for ciguatera clinical cases. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bottein, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui; Wang, Zhihong; Ramsdell, John S.] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUN 18 PY 2011 VL 284 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2011.02.005 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 771EP UT WOS:000291140300001 PM 21349314 ER PT J AU Chen, F Miao, SG Tewari, M Bao, JW Kusaka, H AF Chen, Fei Miao, Shiguang Tewari, Mukul Bao, Jian-Wen Kusaka, Hiroyuki TI A numerical study of interactions between surface forcing and sea breeze circulations and their effects on stagnation in the greater Houston area SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; MESOSCALE METEOROLOGICAL MODEL; URBAN CANOPY MODEL; SINGLE-LAYER; ATMOSPHERIC MODELS; HEAT-ISLAND; PART I; LAND; PARAMETERIZATION; IMPLEMENTATION AB High-resolution simulations from the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (ARW-WRF) model, coupled to an urban canopy model (UCM), are used to investigate impacts of soil moisture, sea surface temperature (SST), and city of Houston itself on the development of a stagnant wind event in the Houston-Galveston (HG) area on 30 August 2000. Surface and wind profiler observations are used to evaluate the performance of WRF-UCM. The model captures the observed nocturnal urban-heat-island intensity, diurnal rotation of surface winds, and the timing and vertical extent of sea breeze and its reversal in the boundary layer remarkably well. Using hourly SST slightly improves the WRF simulation of offshore wind and temperature. Model sensitivity tests demonstrate a delicate balance between the strength of sea breeze and prevailing offshore weak flow in determining the duration of the afternoon-evening stagnation in HG. When the morning offshore flow is weak (3-5 m s(-1)), variations (1 degrees-3 degrees C) in surface temperature caused by environmental conditions substantially modify the wind fields over HG. The existence of the city itself seems to favor stagnation. Extremely dry soils increase daytime surface temperature by about 2 degrees C, produced more vigorous boundary layer and faster moving sea breeze, favoring stagnation during late afternoon. The simulation with dry soils produces a 3 h shorter duration stagnation in the afternoon and 4 h longer duration in the evening, which may lead to more severe nighttime air pollution. Hourly variations of SST in shallow water in the Galveston Bay substantially affect the low-level wind speed in HG. C1 [Chen, Fei; Tewari, Mukul] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Miao, Shiguang] China Meteorol Adm, Inst Urban Meteorol, Beijing 100089, Peoples R China. [Bao, Jian-Wen] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kusaka, Hiroyuki] Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. RP Chen, F (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM feichen@ucar.edu RI Chen, Fei/B-1747-2009 FU U.S. Air Force Weather Agency; NCAR [FY07]; U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA); National Natural Science Foundation of China [40875076, U0833001, 40505002, 40775015]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [GYHY200906026]; National Science Foundation FX The authors are grateful to Margaret (Peggy) LeMone for her informal reviews of this manuscript and to Karen Griggs for English editing. This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency, the NCAR FY07 Director Opportunity Fund, and the U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) coastal-urban project. It was also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 40875076, U0833001, 40505002, and 40775015) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (GYHY200906026). The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 47 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 6 U2 40 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 17 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D12105 DI 10.1029/2010JD015533 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 780AC UT WOS:000291822300006 ER PT J AU Oreopoulos, L Rossow, WB AF Oreopoulos, Lazaros Rossow, William. B. TI The cloud radiative effects of International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project weather states SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC; ISCCP DATA SETS; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; INPUT DATA; REGIMES; SURFACE; MODEL; MIDLATITUDE; FLUXES; TOP AB The salient features of the daytime cloud radiative effect (CRE, also known as cloud radiative forcing) corresponding to various cloud regimes or weather states are examined. The analysis is based on a 24 year long data set from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) for three distinct geographical zones covering most of the Earth's surface area. Conditional sampling and averaging of the ISCCP cloud fraction and CRE in 2.5 degrees grid cells is performed for each weather state, and the state's radiative importance expressed as the relative contribution to the total CRE of its geographical zone is explained in terms of dominant cloud type, cloud fraction, and frequency of occurrence. Similarities and differences within and between geographical zones in the cloud fraction and CRE characteristics of the various weather states are identified and highlighted. By providing an exposition of the radiative energy characteristics of different cloud type mixtures, we facilitate the meteorological situation-dependent evaluation of radiation budget effects due to clouds in climate models. C1 [Oreopoulos, Lazaros] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rossow, William. B.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Oreopoulos, L (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Code 613-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM lazaros.oreopoulos@nasa.gov RI Oreopoulos, Lazaros/E-5868-2012; Rossow, William/F-3138-2015 OI Oreopoulos, Lazaros/0000-0001-6061-6905; FU NASA [NNXD7AN04G] FX Both authors acknowledge funding support under NASA's Modeling Analysis and Prediction (MAP) Program (grant NNXD7AN04G for W.B. Rossow) managed by David Considine. NR 37 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 17 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D12202 DI 10.1029/2010JD015472 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 780AC UT WOS:000291822300005 ER PT J AU Ni, N Jia, S Huang, Q Climent-Pascual, E Cava, RJ AF Ni, N. Jia, S. Huang, Q. Climent-Pascual, E. Cava, R. J. TI Structural, transport, thermodynamic, and neutron diffraction studies of layered R2O3Fe2Se2 (R = Ce, Pr, Nd, and Sm) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUATERNARY COMPOUND; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LAO1-XFXFEAS AB We report the structural, transport, and thermodynamic properties of the semiconducting, layered rare-earth iron oxyselenides R2O3Fe2Se2 (R = Ce, Pr, Nd, and Sm), which have crystal structures related to the arsenide superconductors except with in-plane oxygens within the Fe square planes. The activation energies are estimated to be between 0.15 and 0.26 eV for these four compounds. The antiferromagnetic Fe sublattice ordering, which appears as an anomaly in the magnetic susceptibility and a sharp peak in the heat capacity, occurs at 87.2, 88.6, 87.7, and 85.3 K, for the Ce to Sm variants, respectively, and the structural analysis suggests a possible correlation between TN-Fe and the Fe-Se distance, rather than the in-plane Fe-O distance. The R sublattice orders antiferromagnetically at 21.8 K for the Pr variant and 5.8 K for the Sm variant; no R sublattice ordering is observed above 2 K for R = Ce and Nd. The existence of short-range spin correlations above the Fe sublattice ordering temperature is revealed by magnetic entropy analysis, which also suggests that the ordered magnetic states of the R sublattice arise from triply degenerate crystal-electric-field (CEF) states for Pr and doubly degenerate CEF states for Sm. The neutron-scattering measurements performed on Pr2O3Fe2Se2 reveals that the ordered Fe sublattice has the same magnetic structure as the one in La2O3Fe2Se2, with a propagation vector of k = (0.5,0,0.5) and an ordered magnetic moment of 2.23(3)mu(B)/Fe at 5 K. C1 [Ni, N.; Jia, S.; Climent-Pascual, E.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Huang, Q.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ni, N (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI CLIMENT-PASCUAL, ESTEBAN/B-2608-2012 FU AFOSR MURI FX The authors would like to thank S. Dutton, M. Bremholm, J. M. Allred, J. Xiong, and N. P. Ong for helpful discussions. The work at Princeton was supported by the AFOSR MURI on superconductivity. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 17 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 22 AR 224403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.224403 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 778TB UT WOS:000291727600005 ER PT J AU Wahlstrand, JK Zhang, H Choi, SB Kannan, S Dessau, DS Sipe, JE Cundiff, ST AF Wahlstrand, J. K. Zhang, H. Choi, S. B. Kannan, S. Dessau, D. S. Sipe, J. E. Cundiff, S. T. TI Optical Coherent Control Induced by an Electric Field in a Semiconductor: A New Manifestation of the Franz-Keldysh Effect SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE; INTERFERENCE; GENERATION; CARRIER; GAAS AB In (100)-oriented GaAs illuminated at normal incidence by a laser and its second harmonic, interference between one- and two-photon absorption results in ballistic current injection, but not modulation of the overall carrier injection rate. Results from a pump-probe experiment on a transversely biased sample show that a constant electric field enables coherent control of the carrier injection rate. We ascribe this to the nonlinear optical Franz-Keldysh effect and calculate it for a two-band parabolic model. The mechanism is relevant to centrosymmetric semiconductors as well. C1 [Wahlstrand, J. K.; Zhang, H.; Choi, S. B.; Kannan, S.; Dessau, D. S.; Sipe, J. E.; Cundiff, S. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, H.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kannan, S.; Dessau, D. S.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sipe, J. E.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RP Wahlstrand, JK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 17 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 24 AR 247404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.247404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 778UX UT WOS:000291734300011 PM 21770599 ER PT J AU Ruttenberg, BI Hamilton, SL Walsh, SM Donovan, MK Friedlander, A DeMartini, E Sala, E Sandin, SA AF Ruttenberg, Benjamin I. Hamilton, Scott L. Walsh, Sheila M. Donovan, Mary K. Friedlander, Alan DeMartini, Edward Sala, Enric Sandin, Stuart A. TI Predator-Induced Demographic Shifts in Coral Reef Fish Assemblages SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN LINE ISLANDS; SURGEONFISH ACANTHURUS-BAHIANUS; TROPHIC CASCADES; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; PALMYRA-ATOLL; OCEAN; SIZE; COMMUNITIES; PACIFIC; CONSEQUENCES AB In recent years, it has become apparent that human impacts have altered community structure in coastal and marine ecosystems worldwide. Of these, fishing is one of the most pervasive, and a growing body of work suggests that fishing can have strong effects on the ecology of target species, especially top predators. However, the effects of removing top predators on lower trophic groups of prey fishes are less clear, particularly in highly diverse and trophically complex coral reef ecosystems. We examined patterns of abundance, size structure, and age-based demography through surveys and collection-based studies of five fish species from a variety of trophic levels at Kiritimati and Palmyra, two nearby atolls in the Northern Line Islands. These islands have similar biogeography and oceanography, and yet Kiritimati has similar to 10,000 people with extensive local fishing while Palmyra is a US National Wildlife Refuge with no permanent human population, no fishing, and an intact predator fauna. Surveys indicated that top predators were relatively larger and more abundant at unfished Palmyra, while prey functional groups were relatively smaller but showed no clear trends in abundance as would be expected from classic trophic cascades. Through detailed analyses of focal species, we found that size and longevity of a top predator were lower at fished Kiritimati than at unfished Palmyra. Demographic patterns also shifted dramatically for 4 of 5 fish species in lower trophic groups, opposite in direction to the top predator, including decreases in average size and longevity at Palmyra relative to Kiritimati. Overall, these results suggest that fishing may alter community structure in complex and non-intuitive ways, and that indirect demographic effects should be considered more broadly in ecosystem-based management. C1 [Ruttenberg, Benjamin I.; Hamilton, Scott L.; Donovan, Mary K.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Ruttenberg, Benjamin I.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL USA. [Hamilton, Scott L.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Walsh, Sheila M.; Sandin, Stuart A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Donovan, Mary K.; Friedlander, Alan] Univ Hawaii, US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [DeMartini, Edward] Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Aiea, HI USA. [Sala, Enric] Consejo Super Invest Cient, Ctr Estudis Avancats Blanes, Blanes, Spain. [Sala, Enric] Natl Geog Soc, Washington, DC USA. RP Ruttenberg, BI (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM ssandin@ucsd.edu RI Ruttenberg, Benjamin/D-2556-2012 FU E. Scripps FX This work was funded by E. Scripps and other anonymous donors contributing money to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 56 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 37 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 16 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 6 AR e21062 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0021062 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 778UW UT WOS:000291734100049 PM 21698165 ER PT J AU Rincon, L Almeida, R Gonzalez, CA AF Rincon, Luis Almeida, Rafael Gonzalez, Carlos A. TI On the Charge Carrier Localization in Zigzag Carbon Nanotube Junctions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; QUASI-PARTICLE ENERGIES; EXCITONIC SOLAR-CELLS; INTRAMOLECULAR JUNCTIONS; TIGHT-BINDING; DERIVATIVE DISCONTINUITIES; VIBRATIONAL PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; BAND-GAPS; SPECTRA AB In this work, we propose a novel photovoltaic device constructed from the junction of two carbon nanotubes, where the top of the valence band is mainly localized on one of the nanotubes sides, while the bottom of the conduction one is mainly localized on the other side. This allows the separation of electrons on the side displaying the lower conduction band, from the holes, located at the other side. On the basis of self-consistent charge-density functional tight-binding calculations, we propose that this kind of device can be formed by joining two consecutive semiconducting zigzag carbon nanotubes. We have shown that, for these systems, the existence of the required band energy differences is related to the kind of variations in energy gap with the tube diameters, observed for the zigzag nanotubes. To illustrate the formation of the proposed junction, we have chosen to study a (10,0) tube joined linearly to a (11,0) one through a single pentagon-heptagon defect. C1 [Rincon, Luis; Almeida, Rafael] Univ Los Andes, Fac Ciencias, Dept Quim, Merida 5101, Venezuela. [Rincon, Luis; Gonzalez, Carlos A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rincon, L (reprint author), Univ Los Andes, Fac Ciencias, Dept Quim, Merida 5101, Venezuela. EM lrincon@ula.ve RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Almeida, Rafael/A-4282-2015; Rincon, Luis/A-4604-2015 NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 16 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 23 BP 11727 EP 11733 DI 10.1021/jp1122932 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 773VI UT WOS:000291339000051 ER PT J AU Cicerone, MT Zhong, Q Johnson, J Aamer, KA Tyagi, M AF Cicerone, Marcus T. Zhong, Qin Johnson, Jerainne Aamer, Khaled A. Tyagi, Madhusudan TI Surrogate for Debye-Waller Factors from Dynamic Stokes Shifts SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; GLYCEROL; SIMULATION; DIFFUSION; PROTEINS; SOLVENT AB We show that the short-time behavior of time-resolved fluorescence Stokes shifts (TRSS) are similar to that of the intermediate scattering function obtained from neutron scattering at q near the peak in the static structure factor for glycerol. This allows us to extract a Debye-Waller (DW) factor analogue from TRSS data at times as short as 1 ps in a relatively simple way. Using the time domain relaxation data obtained by this method, we show that DW factors evaluated at times >= 40 ps can be directly influenced by a. relaxation and thus should be used with caution when evaluating relationships between fast and slow dynamics in glass-forming systems. C1 [Cicerone, Marcus T.; Zhong, Qin; Johnson, Jerainne; Aamer, Khaled A.; Tyagi, Madhusudan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cicerone, Marcus T.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cicerone, MT (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cicerone@nist.gov RI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014 OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176 FU NIH/NIBIB [R01 EB006398-01A1] FX We wish to thank Jack F. Douglas, David Simmons, and Dino Leporini for stimulating and informative discussions. We acknowledge funding from NIH/NIBIB under Grant R01 EB006398-01A1. Official contributions of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2011 VL 2 IS 12 BP 1464 EP 1468 DI 10.1021/jz200490h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 779MK UT WOS:000291781700022 PM 21701673 ER PT J AU Hamadani, BH Gergel-Hackett, N Haney, PM Zhitenev, NB AF Hamadani, Behrang H. Gergel-Hackett, Nadine Haney, Paul M. Zhitenev, Nikolai B. TI Imaging of nanoscale charge transport in bulk heterojunction solar cells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; SELF-ORGANIZATION; POLYMER BLENDS; FULLERENE; MORPHOLOGY; POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); NANOSTRUCTURE; PERFORMANCE; EVOLUTION AB We have studied the local charge transport properties of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells based on the blends of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester with a photoconductive atomic force microscope (PCAFM). We explore the role of morphology on transport of photogenerated electrons or holes by careful consideration of the sample geometry and the choice of the atomic force microscope (AFM) tip. We then consider the role of the film/tip contact on the local current-voltage characteristics of these structures and present a model based on a drift and diffusion description of transport. We find that our simple 1D model can only reproduce qualitative features of the data using unphysical parameters, indicating that more sophisticated modeling is required to capture all the nonideal characteristics of the AFM transport measurements. Our results show that interpretation of PCAFM contrast and its relation to material morphology or charge transport is not very straightforward. [doi:10.1063/1.3595669] C1 [Hamadani, Behrang H.; Haney, Paul M.; Zhitenev, Nikolai B.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gergel-Hackett, Nadine] NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hamadani, BH (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM behrang.hamadani@nist.gov; nikolai.zhitenev@nist.gov RI Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 12 AR 124501 DI 10.1063/1.3595669 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 786TQ UT WOS:000292331200132 ER PT J AU Verma, VB Stevens, MJ Silverman, KL Dias, NL Garg, A Coleman, JJ Mirin, RP AF Verma, V. B. Stevens, Martin J. Silverman, K. L. Dias, N. L. Garg, A. Coleman, J. J. Mirin, R. P. TI Time-resolved photoluminescence of lithographically defined quantum dots fabricated by electron beam lithography and wet chemical etching SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CARRIER RELAXATION; ENERGY-RELAXATION; AUGER PROCESSES; MECHANISM AB We measure the time-resolved photoluminescence characteristics of a novel type of lithographically patterned quantum dot fabricated by electron beam lithography, wet chemical etching, and overgrowth of the barrier layers by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. We find that the quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence exhibits a bi-exponential decay that we explain in terms of the fast capture of carriers by defect states followed by a slower radiative relaxation process. We also perform a systematic investigation of the rise time and decay time as a function of the QD density, size, and temperature. These measurements indicate that the carrier capture process in this type of QD is limited by carrier drift within the GaAs barrier material. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3599889] C1 [Verma, V. B.; Stevens, Martin J.; Silverman, K. L.; Mirin, R. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dias, N. L.; Garg, A.; Coleman, J. J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Verma, VB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM verma@nist.gov RI Coleman, James/C-9703-2011; OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Energy Frontier Research Center; National Science Foundation [ECCS 08-21979] FX The authors thank Todd Harvey for assistance with the MBE growth. The work at Illinois was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center and the National Science Foundation (Grant No. ECCS 08-21979). NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 12 AR 123112 DI 10.1063/1.3599889 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 786TQ UT WOS:000292331200013 ER PT J AU Allen, R Myles, L Heuer, MW AF Allen, Ridwaana Myles, LaToya Heuer, Mark W. TI Ambient ammonia in terrestrial ecosystems: A comparative study in the Tennessee Valley, USA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ammonia; Air quality; Annular denuder; Pollution rose; Vehicle emissions ID ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; EMISSIONS; VEHICLES; SITE AB Atmospheric ammonia has been shown to degrade regional air quality and affect environmental health. In-situ measurements of ammonia are needed to determine how ambient concentrations vary in different ecosystems and the extent to which emission sources contribute to those levels. The objective of this study was to measure and compare ammonia concentrations in two Tennessee Valley (USA) ecosystems: a forested rural area and a metropolitan site adjacent to a main transportation route. Integrated samples of atmospheric ammonia were collected with annular denuder systems for similar to 4 weeks during the summer of 2009 in both ecosystems. Ancillary measurements of meteorological variables, such as wind direction and precipitation, were also conducted to determine any relationships with ammonia concentration. Measurements in the two ecosystems revealed ammonia concentrations that were mostly representative of background levels. Arithmetic means were 1.57 +/- 0.68 mu g m(-3) at the metropolitan site and 1.60 +/- 0.77 mu g m(-3) in the forest. The geometric mean concentrations for both sites were similar to 1.46 mu g m(-3). Wind direction, and to a lesser extent air temperature and precipitation, did influence measured concentrations. At the metropolitan site, ammonia concentrations were slightly higher in winds emanating from the direction of the interstate highway. Meteorological variables, such as wind direction, and physical factors, such as topography, can affect measurement of ambient ammonia concentrations, especially in ecosystems distant from strong emission sources. The 12-h integrated sampling method used in this study was unable to measure frequent changes in ambient ammonia concentrations and illustrates the need for measurements with higher temporal resolution, at least similar to 1-2 h, in a variety of diverse ecosystems to determine the behavior of atmospheric ammonia and its environmental effects. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Myles, LaToya; Heuer, Mark W.] NOAA ARL Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Allen, Ridwaana] Spelman Coll, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. RP Myles, L (reprint author), NOAA ARL Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, POB 2456, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM latoya.myles@noaa.gov RI Myles, LaToya/Q-2470-2015 FU Spelman College Howard Hughes Medical Institute FX R. Allen acknowledges the Spelman College Howard Hughes Medical Institute Summer Visiting Research Fellowship Program for financial support. This work is a contribution to the NOAA Air Quality Program. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2011 VL 409 IS 14 BP 2768 EP 2772 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.04.017 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 788ZP UT WOS:000292483400010 PM 21536316 ER PT J AU Brettell, TA Butler, JM Almirall, JR AF Brettell, T. A. Butler, J. M. Almirall, J. R. TI Forensic Science SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID; ETHYL GLUCURONIDE DETERMINATION; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; PORTABLE RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; TYPING ALLELE NOMENCLATURE; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS C1 [Brettell, T. A.] Cedar Crest Muhlenberg Coll, Dept Chem & Phys Sci, Allentown, PA 18104 USA. [Butler, J. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Almirall, J. R.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Almirall, J. R.] Florida Int Univ, Biochem & Int Forens Res Inst, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Brettell, TA (reprint author), Cedar Crest Muhlenberg Coll, Dept Chem & Phys Sci, 100 Coll Dr, Allentown, PA 18104 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Almirall, Jose/D-1280-2010 OI Almirall, Jose/0000-0002-5257-7499 FU National Institute of Justice [2008-DN-R-121]; NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards FX Certain commercial equipment, instruments, and materials are identified in order to specify experimental procedures as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the authors or the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that any of the materials, instruments, or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. The National Institute of Justice funded this work in part through interagency agreement 2008-DN-R-121 with the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards. Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. NR 572 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 9 U2 92 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 12 BP 4539 EP 4556 DI 10.1021/ac201075e PG 18 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 775YP UT WOS:000291499800011 PM 21528913 ER PT J AU Wolter, K Timlin, MS AF Wolter, Klaus Timlin, Michael S. TI El Nino/Southern Oscillation behaviour since 1871 as diagnosed in an extended multivariate ENSO index (MEI.ext) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd JCOMM Workshop on Advances in Marine Climatology (CLIMAR-III) CY MAY, 2008 CL Gdynia, POLAND DE history; ENSO; MEI ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; NINO; OCEAN; PERIOD; RECONSTRUCTION; EVOLUTION; PRESSURE; DATASET AB El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) remains the most important coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon to cause global climate variability on seasonal to interannual time scales. This paper addresses the need for a reliable ENSO index that allows for the historical definition of ENSO events in the instrumental record back to 1871. The Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) was originally defined as the first seasonally varying principal component of six atmosphere-ocean (COADS) variable fields in the tropical Pacific basin. It provides for a more complete and flexible description of the ENSO phenomenon than single variable ENSO indices such as the SOI or Nino 3.4 SST. Here we describe our effort to boil the MEI concept down to its most essential components (based on SLP, SST) to enable historical analyses that more than double its period of record to 1871-2005. The new MEI. ext confirms that ENSO activity went through a lull in the early-to mid-20th century, but was just about as prevalent one century ago as in recent decades. We diagnose strong relationships between peak amplitudes of ENSO events and their duration, as well as between their peak amplitudes and their spacing (periodicity). Our effort is designed to help with the assessment of ENSO conditions through as long a record as possible to be able to differentiate between 'natural' ENSO behaviour in all its rich facets, and the 'Brave New World' of this phenomenon under evolving GHG-related climate conditions. So far, none of the behaviour of recent ENSO events appears unprecedented, including duration, onset timing, and spacing in the last few decades compared to a full century before then. Copyright (C) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Wolter, Klaus] Univ Colorado, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wolter, Klaus] NOAA, ESRL Phys Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Timlin, Michael S.] Univ Illinois, Midwestern Reg Climate Ctr, CAS ISWS INRS, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Wolter, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, R PSD1 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Klaus.Wolter@noaa.gov RI Wolter, Klaus/D-5988-2015 NR 42 TC 242 Z9 251 U1 15 U2 86 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JUN 15 PY 2011 VL 31 IS 7 SI SI BP 1074 EP 1087 DI 10.1002/joc.2336 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 777IB UT WOS:000291608000010 ER PT J AU Tsai, DH Cho, TJ DelRio, FW Taurozzi, J Zachariah, MR Hackley, VA AF Tsai, De-Hao Cho, Tae Joon DelRio, Frank W. Taurozzi, Julian Zachariah, Michael R. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Hydrodynamic Fractionation of Finite Size Gold Nanoparticle Clusters SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRIMERS; DIMERS AB We demonstrate a high-resolution in situ experimental method for performing simultaneous size classification and characterization of functional gold nanoparticle clusters (GNCs) based on asymmetric-flow field flow fractionation (AFFF). Field emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, multi-angle light scattering (MALS), and in situ ultraviolet-visible optical spectroscopy provide complementary data and imagery confirming the cluster state (e.g., dimer, trimer, tetramer), packing structure, and purity of fractionated populations. An orthogonal analysis of GNC size distributions is obtained using electrospray-differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA). We find a linear correlation between the normalized MALS intensity (measured during AFFF elution) and the corresponding number concentration (measured by ES-DMA), establishing the capacity for AFFF to quantify the absolute number concentration of GNCs. The results and corresponding methodology summarized here provide the proof of concept for general applications involving the formation, isolation, and in situ analysis of both functional and adventitious nanoparticle clusters of finite size. C1 [Tsai, De-Hao; Cho, Tae Joon; DelRio, Frank W.; Taurozzi, Julian; Zachariah, Michael R.; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vince.hackley@nist.gov RI Tsai, De-Hao/K-6702-2012; OI Tsai, De-Hao/0000-0002-2669-3007; Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 NR 18 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 15 PY 2011 VL 133 IS 23 BP 8884 EP 8887 DI 10.1021/ja203328j PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 777ZX UT WOS:000291667600029 PM 21574637 ER PT J AU Bottein, MYD Kashinsky, L Wang, ZH Littnan, C Ramsdell, JS AF Bottein, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Kashinsky, Lizabeth Wang, Zhihong Littnan, Charles Ramsdell, John S. TI Identification of Ciguatoxins in Hawaiian Monk Seals Monachus schauinslandi from the Northwestern and Main Hawaiian Islands SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GAMBIERDISCUS-TOXICUS; SODIUM-CHANNELS; CELL BIOASSAY; CIGUATERA; FISH; BREVETOXINS; CONGENER; PACIFIC; ASSAY; DIET AB Ciguatoxins are potent algal neurotoxins that concentrate in fish preyed upon by the critically endangered Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi). The only report for Hawaiian monk seal exposure to ciguatoxins occurred during a 1978 mortality event when two seal liver extracts tested positive by mouse bioassay. Ciguatoxins were thus proposed as a potential threat to the Hawaiian monk seal population. To reinvestigate monk seal exposure to ciguatoxins we utilized more selective detection methods, the Neuro-2A cytotoxicity assay, to quantify ciguatoxin activity and an analytical method LC-MS/MS to confirm the molecular structure. Tissue analysis from dead stranded animals revealed ciguatoxin activity in brain, liver, and muscle, whereas analysis of blood samples from 55 free-ranging animals revealed detectable levels of ciguatoxin activity (0.43 to 5.49 pg/mL P-CTX-1 equiv) in 19% of the animals. Bioassay-guided LC fractionation of two monk seal liver extracts identified several ciguatoxin-like peaks of activity including a peak corresponding to the P-CTX-3C which was confirmed present by LC-MS/MS. In conclusion, this work provides first confirmation that Hawaiian monk seals are exposed to significant levels of ciguatoxins and first evidence of transfer of ciguatoxin to marine mammals. This threat could pose management challenges for this endangered marine mammal species. C1 [Bottein, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui; Wang, Zhihong; Ramsdell, John S.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Kashinsky, Lizabeth; Littnan, Charles] NOAA, Hawaiian Monk Seal Res Program, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 12 BP 5403 EP 5409 DI 10.1021/es2002887 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 774YH UT WOS:000291422200050 PM 21591690 ER PT J AU Woodruff, SD Worley, SJ Lubker, SJ Ji, ZH Freeman, JE Berry, DI Brohan, P Kent, EC Reynolds, RW Smith, SR Wilkinson, C AF Woodruff, Scott D. Worley, Steven J. Lubker, Sandra J. Ji, Zaihua Freeman, J. Eric Berry, David I. Brohan, Philip Kent, Elizabeth C. Reynolds, Richard W. Smith, Shawn R. Wilkinson, Clive TI ICOADS Release 2.5: extensions and enhancements to the surface marine meteorological archive SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd JCOMM Workshop on Advances in Marine Climatology (CLIMAR-III) CY MAY, 2008 CL Gdynia, POLAND DE marine meteorological data; ship data; buoy data; data rescue; sea surface temperature; sea level pressure; humidity; metadata ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; IN-SITU; SEA; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; DATASET; PRODUCTS; DATABASE; PROGRAM; HISTORY AB Release 2.5 of the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) is a major update (covering 1662-2007) of the world's most extensive surface marine meteorological data collection. Building on extensive national and international partnerships, many new and improved contributing datasets have been processed into a uniform format and combined with the previous Release 2.4. The new data range from early non-instrumental ship observations to measurements initiated in the twentieth century from buoys and other automated platform types. Improvements to existing data include replacing preliminary Global Telecommunication System (GTS) receipts with more reliable, delayed mode reports for post-1997 data, and in the processing and quality control (QC) of humidity observations. Over the entire period of record, spatial and temporal coverage has been enriched and data and metadata quality has been improved. Along with the observations, now updated monthly in near real time, Release 2.5 includes quality-controlled monthly summary products for 2 latitude x 2 longitude (since 1800) and 1 x 1 boxes (since 1960), together with multiple options for access to the data and products. The measured and estimated data in Release 2.5 are subject to many technical changes, multiple archive sources, and historical events throughout the more than three-century record. Some of these data characteristics are highlighted, including known unresolved errors and inhomogeneities, which may impact climate and other research applications. Anticipated future directions for ICOADS aim to continue adding scientific value to the observations, products, and metadata, as well as strengthen the cooperative enterprise through expanded linkages to international initiatives and organisations. Copyright (C) 2010 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown Copyright. C1 [Woodruff, Scott D.; Lubker, Sandra J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Worley, Steven J.; Ji, Zaihua] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Freeman, J. Eric] Sourcecorp, Dallas, TX 75204 USA. [Freeman, J. Eric; Wilkinson, Clive] NOAA, CDMP, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Berry, David I.; Kent, Elizabeth C.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Brohan, Philip] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Smith, Shawn R.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Wilkinson, Clive] Univ E Anglia, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Woodruff, SD (reprint author), NOAA ESRL PSD3, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Scott.D.Woodruff@noaa.gov RI Berry, David/C-1268-2011; Kent, Elizabeth/C-1281-2011 OI Kent, Elizabeth/0000-0002-6209-4247 NR 46 TC 171 Z9 174 U1 4 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JUN 15 PY 2011 VL 31 IS 7 SI SI BP 951 EP 967 DI 10.1002/joc.2103 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 777IB UT WOS:000291608000002 ER PT J AU Wilkinson, C Woodruff, SD Brohan, P Claesson, S Freeman, E Koek, F Lubker, SJ Marzin, C Wheeler, D AF Wilkinson, Clive Woodruff, Scott D. Brohan, Philip Claesson, Stefan Freeman, Eric Koek, Frits Lubker, Sandra J. Marzin, Catherine Wheeler, Dennis TI Recovery of logbooks and international marine data: the RECLAIM project SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd JCOMM Workshop on Advances in Marine Climatology (CLIMAR-III) CY MAY, 2008 CL Gdynia, POLAND DE marine meteorological data; ship's logbooks; archives; data rescue; digitisation; metadata ID ICOADS AB The RECovery of Logbooks and International Marine data (RECLAIM) project is a concerted, international effort to facilitate and encourage the recovery - through imaging and digitisation - of archived marine weather observations, platform and instrumental metadata and historical documentation, from many different countries. Non-instrumental observations of wind and weather have been recorded in ships' logbooks for hundreds of years, augmented by systematic instrumental observations of sea surface and air temperatures, barometric pressure and other meteorological (and oceanographic) elements largely since the mid-nineteenth century. Once digitised, these data are widely useful for climate studies and other avenues of scientific research - including oceanography, fisheries, maritime history and ecology-thus improvements seeking to address gaps and weaknesses in the currently available data record can be of major importance. In addition to documenting and prioritising archived ship logbook records for imaging and digitisation in support of that goal, RECLAIM provides expert assistance in the interpretation of historical marine records in relation to navigation, observational practices and recording. Since the project inception in 2005, RECLAIM has facilitated, for example, recovery of logbooks of the Dutch and English East India Companies in the nineteenth century, and of the British Royal Navy of the twentieth century. Currently the project website includes reference lists, rescued UK and US marine documents, extensive UK archive reports and detailed inventories of ship movements. A variety of other developing international linkages are discussed, including to Chilean, Dutch, French, German, Finnish, Norwegian, Swedish and US historical records. Copyright (C) 2010 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown Copyright. C1 [Wilkinson, Clive] Univ E Anglia, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Wilkinson, Clive; Freeman, Eric] NOAA, CDMP, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Woodruff, Scott D.; Lubker, Sandra J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Brohan, Philip] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Claesson, Stefan] Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Freeman, Eric] Sourcecorp, Dallas, TX 75204 USA. [Koek, Frits] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Marzin, Catherine] NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Wheeler, Dennis] Univ Sunderland, Sunderland SR1 3SD, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Wilkinson, C (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM c.w.wilkinson@uea.ac.uk OI Claesson, Stefan/0000-0003-2651-9858 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JUN 15 PY 2011 VL 31 IS 7 SI SI BP 968 EP 979 DI 10.1002/joc.2102 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 777IB UT WOS:000291608000003 ER PT J AU Frappart, F Papa, F Guntner, A Werth, S da Silva, JS Tomasella, J Seyler, F Prigent, C Rossow, WB Calmant, S Bonnet, MP AF Frappart, Frederic Papa, Fabrice Guentner, Andreas Werth, Susanna da Silva, Joecila Santos Tomasella, Javier Seyler, Frederique Prigent, Catherine Rossow, William B. Calmant, Stephane Bonnet, Marie-Paule TI Satellite-based estimates of groundwater storage variations in large drainage basins with extensive floodplains SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Groundwater; Remote sensing; Hydrological modeling ID WATER STORAGE; AMAZON BASIN; LAND WATER; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; PRECIPITATION; VALIDATION; RAINFALL; MODEL AB This study presents monthly estimates of groundwater anomalies in a large river basin dominated by extensive floodplains, the Negro River Basin, based on the synergistic analysis using multisatellite observations and hydrological models. For the period 2003-2004, changes in water stored in the aquifer is isolated from the total water storage measured by GRACE by removing contributions of both the surface reservoir, derived from satellite imagery and radar altimetry, and the root zone reservoir simulated by WGHM and LaD hydrological models. The groundwater anomalies show a realistic spatial pattern compared with the hydrogeological map of the basin, and similar temporal variations to local in situ groundwater observations and altimetry-derived level height measurements. Results highlight the potential of combining multiple satellite techniques with hydrological modeling to estimate the evolution of groundwater storage. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Frappart, Frederic; Bonnet, Marie-Paule] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, OMP GET, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Papa, Fabrice; Calmant, Stephane] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, CNES, OMP LEGOS,IRD, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Papa, Fabrice; Rossow, William B.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY USA. [Guentner, Andreas; Werth, Susanna] GFZ, Potsdam, Germany. [da Silva, Joecila Santos] Univ Fed Amazonas, LAPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Tomasella, Javier] INPE Ctr Ciencia Sistema Terr, Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil. [Seyler, Frederique] US ESPACE, IRD, Montpellier, France. [Prigent, Catherine] CNRS, Observ Paris, LERMA, Paris, France. RP Frappart, F (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, OMP GET, F-31400 Toulouse, France. EM frederic.frappart@gmail.com RI Papa, Fabrice/D-3695-2009; Guntner, Andreas/C-9892-2011; Frappart, Frederic/D-2950-2009; SEYLER, Frederique/D-5518-2011; Tomasella, Javier/I-8073-2012; SILVA, Joecila/B-1478-2014; Rossow, William/F-3138-2015; Bonnet, Marie-Paule/J-6888-2016; OI Papa, Fabrice/0000-0001-6305-6253; Guntner, Andreas/0000-0001-6233-8478; SEYLER, Frederique/0000-0002-3609-7524; Tomasella, Javier/0000-0003-2597-8833; Bonnet, Marie-Paule/0000-0002-3950-4041; Frappart, Frederic/0000-0002-4661-8274 FU Foundation STAE; ANR CARBAMA; NASA [NNXD7AO90G] FX This work was partly supported by the Foundation STAE in the framework of the CYMENT project and the ANR CARBAMA. Two authors (F. Papa and W.B. Rossow) are supported by NASA Grant NNXD7AO90G. The authors would like to thank the Centre de Topographie des Oceans et de l'Hydrosphere (CTOH) at Laboratoire d'Etudes en Geophysique et Oceanographie Spatiales (LEGOS), Observatoire Midi-Pyrenees (OMP), Toulouse, France, for the provision of the ENVISAT RA-2 GDR dataset. They wish to thank an anonymous reviewer for helping us in editing the manuscript to improve its quality. NR 37 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 6 BP 1588 EP 1594 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.02.003 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 756KX UT WOS:000290011200026 ER PT J AU Downes, SM Budnick, AS Sarmiento, JL Farneti, R AF Downes, S. M. Budnick, A. S. Sarmiento, J. L. Farneti, R. TI Impacts of wind stress on the Antarctic Circumpolar Current fronts and associated subduction SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINDS; MESOSCALE EDDIES; CLIMATE MODELS; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; AUSTRALIA; TRANSPORT; ZONE AB Recent studies suggest that the overturning circulation in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) region shows a weak sensitivity to overlying wind stress changes, due to balancing of changes in the eddy-induced and Eulerian mean transports. Using an eddy-permitting coupled climate model, we analyze the response of the ACC transport, and associated water mass subduction rates, in response to an idealized poleward shift and intensification of the westerlies. As in previous studies, we find a small increase in the net ACC transport, and a poleward shift in the mean position of the ACC flow. However, the ACC is restructured, with the Subantarctic Front (SAF) and Polar Front (PF) branches shifting poleward by between 0.9 degrees and 2.5 degrees of latitude, resulting in a weaker ACC flow in both the SAF and PF zones. The wind stress anomaly drives a stronger northward Ekman transport of cool surface waters, deepening the winter mixed layer and causing a 12.7 Sv increase in the subduction of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) north of the SAF zone and a 6.5 Sv increase in the subduction of Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) within the SAF and PF zones. Our results suggest that changes in the wind stress restructure the Southern Ocean large-scale circulation, including the flow of the ACC in its primary jets, and that this affects the formation rates of SAMW and AAIW in this complex region. Citation: Downes, S. M., A. S. Budnick, J. L. Sarmiento, and R. Farneti (2011), Impacts of wind stress on the Antarctic Circumpolar Current fronts and associated subduction, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L11605, doi:10.1029/2011GL047668. C1 [Downes, S. M.; Budnick, A. S.; Sarmiento, J. L.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Farneti, R.] ICTP, Earth Syst Phys Sect, I-34151 Trieste, Italy. RP Downes, SM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM sdownes@princeton.edu; abudnick@princeton.edu; jls@princeton.edu; rfarneti@ictp.it RI Farneti, Riccardo/B-5183-2011; Downes, Stephanie/A-1424-2012 FU NOAA [NA07OAR4310096] FX The authors wish to thank Anand Gnanadesikan, Eun Young Kwon, Thomas Frolicher, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge GFDL scientists, in particular Fanrong Zeng and Thomas Delworth, for their modeling efforts. This research was supported by NOAA grant NA07OAR4310096. NR 29 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 14 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L11605 DI 10.1029/2011GL047668 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 779WM UT WOS:000291812900003 ER PT J AU Voigt, C Schumann, U Jessberger, P Jurkat, T Petzold, A Gayet, JF Kramer, M Thornberry, T Fahey, DW AF Voigt, C. Schumann, U. Jessberger, P. Jurkat, T. Petzold, A. Gayet, J. -F. Kraemer, M. Thornberry, T. Fahey, D. W. TI Extinction and optical depth of contrails SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CIRRUS CLOUDS AB One factor limiting the understanding of the climate impact from contrails and aircraft induced cloud modifications is the accurate determination of their optical depth. To this end, 14 contrails were sampled for 2756 s with instruments onboard the research aircraft Falcon during the CONCERT (CONtrail and Cirrus ExpeRimenT) campaign in November 2008. The young (< 10 min old) contrails were produced by 9 commercial aircraft with weights of 47 to 508 t, among them the largest operating passenger aircraft, the Airbus A380. The contrails were observed at temperatures between 214 and 224 K and altitudes between 8.8 and 11.1 km. The measured mean in-contrail relative humidity with respect to ice was 89 +/- 12%. Six contrails were observed in cloud free air, the others were embedded in thin cirrus clouds. The observed contrails exhibited a mean ice water content of 2 mg m(-3) and had a mean number concentration of 117 cm(-3) and effective radius of 2.9 mu m assuming asphericle particles with an aspect ratio of 0.5. Probability density functions of the extinction, with a mean (median) of 1.2 (0.7) km(-1), and of the optical depth tau, with a mean (median) of 0.27 (0.13), are derived from the in situ measurements and are likely representative for young contrails from the present-day commercial aircraft fleet at observation conditions. Radiative transfer estimates using the in-situ measured contrail optical depth lead to a year-2005 estimate of line-shaped contrail radiative forcing of 15.9 mWm(-2) with an uncertainty range of 11.1-47.7 mWm(-2). Citation: Voigt, C., U. Schumann, P. Jessberger, T. Jurkat, A. Petzold, J.-F. Gayet, M. Kramer, T. Thornberry, and D. W. Fahey (2011), Extinction and optical depth of contrails, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L11806, doi:10.1029/2011GL047189. C1 [Voigt, C.; Schumann, U.; Jessberger, P.; Jurkat, T.; Petzold, A.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Voigt, C.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Mainz, Germany. [Gayet, J. -F.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, LaMP, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. [Kraemer, M.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res, IEK 7, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Thornberry, T.; Fahey, D. W.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Voigt, C (reprint author), Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Postfach 1116, D-82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. EM christiane.voigt@dlr.de RI Voigt, Christiane/G-3279-2010; Petzold, Andreas/J-2347-2012; Thornberry, Troy/H-7106-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Petzold, Andreas/0000-0002-2504-1680; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Schumann, Ulrich/0000-0001-5255-6869 FU DLR; DFG [SPP HALO 1294] FX The CONCERT campaign was organized by the HGF-junior research group AEROTROP (http://www.pa.op.dlr.de/AEROTROP). Part of this work was funded within the DLR-project CATS and by the DFG SPP HALO 1294. We thank the DLR flight department, the Deutsche Lufthansa (A. Waibel) and DFS for excellent support. D. Schauble, T. Hamburger, A. Minikin and J. Gasteiger are thanked for instrument preparation. H. Schlager provided NOy data. We further thank M. Ponater, C. Fromming and R. Rodriguez de Leon for stimulating discussions. NR 21 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 14 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L11806 DI 10.1029/2011GL047189 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 779WM UT WOS:000291812900001 ER PT J AU Blanco, MA Sahin, E Li, Y Roberts, CJ AF Blanco, Marco A. Sahin, Erinc Li, Yi Roberts, Christopher J. TI Reexamining protein-protein and protein-solvent interactions from Kirkwood-Buff analysis of light scattering in multi-component solutions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 2ND VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; SELF-ASSOCIATING PROTEINS; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; PURE LIQUIDS; SEDIMENTATION EQUILIBRIUM; RAYLEIGH RATIO; CRYSTALLIZATION; AGGREGATION; MIXTURES; LYSOZYME AB The classic analysis of Rayleigh light scattering (LS) is re-examined for multi-component protein solutions, within the context of Kirkwood-Buff (KB) theory as well as a more generalized canonical treatment. Significant differences arise when traditional treatments that approximate constant pressure and neglect concentration fluctuations in one or more (co)solvent/co-solute species are compared with more rigorous treatments at constant volume and with all species free to fluctuate. For dilute solutions, it is shown that LS can be used to rigorously and unambiguously obtain values for the osmotic second virial coefficient (B-22), in contrast with recent arguments regarding protein interactions deduced from LS experiments. For more concentrated solutions, it is shown that conventional analysis over(under)-estimates the magnitude of B-22 for significantly repulsive(attractive) conditions, and that protein-protein KB integrals (G(22)) are the more relevant quantity obtainable from LS. Published data for alpha-chymotrypsinogen A and a series of monoclonal antibodies at different pH and salt concentrations are re-analyzed using traditional and new treatments. The results illustrate that while traditional analysis may be sufficient if one is interested in only the sign of B-22 or G(22), the quantitative values can be significantly in error. A simple approach is illustrated for determining whether protein concentration (c(2)) is sufficiently dilute for B-22 to apply, and for correcting B-22 values from traditional LS regression at higher c(2) values. The apparent molecular weight M-2,M-app obtained from LS is shown to generally not be equal to the true molecular weight, with the differences arising from a combination of protein-solute and protein-cosolute interactions that may, in principle, also be determined from LS. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3596726] C1 [Blanco, Marco A.; Sahin, Erinc; Li, Yi; Roberts, Christopher J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Blanco, Marco A.; Sahin, Erinc; Li, Yi; Roberts, Christopher J.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Mol & Engn Thermodynam, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Roberts, Christopher J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Roberts, CJ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM cjr@udel.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01EB006006]; National Science Foundation [CBET0931173] FX P. Butler, V. Shen, D. Siderius, and W. Krekelberg are thanked for many helpful and stimulating discussions, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology is gratefully acknowledged for hosting C.J.R. during his sabbatical leave. D. Asthagiri is thanked for helpful discussions and comments on the manuscript, and the National Institutes of Health (Grant No. R01EB006006) and National Science Foundation (Grant No. CBET0931173) are gratefully acknowledged for financial support. NR 72 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 14 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 22 AR 225103 DI 10.1063/1.3596726 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 777YD UT WOS:000291660200038 PM 21682538 ER PT J AU Dim, JR Murakami, H Nakajima, TY Nordell, B Heidinger, AK Takamura, T AF Dim, J. R. Murakami, H. Nakajima, T. Y. Nordell, B. Heidinger, A. K. Takamura, T. TI The recent state of the climate: Driving components of cloud-type variability SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; INTERSATELLITE CALIBRATION; AVHRR; RADIATION; CHANNELS; ISCCP; SPACECRAFT AB To reduce the Earth's radiation budget uncertainty related to cloud types' changes, and better understand the climate constraints resulting from long-term clouds' variability, frequent and finer (than actually existing) observations are necessary. This is one of the aims of future satellite programs such as the Global Change Observation Mission-Climate (GCOM-C) satellite, to be launched by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). To facilitate the transition from past to future observations, the actual state of climate variables (e. g., cloud types) needs to be evaluated. This evaluation is attempted in the present work with the analysis of long-term cloud types' distribution and amounts. The data set used for this study is 25 years (1982-2006) of global daytime cloud properties observed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Advanced Very-High-Resolution Radiometer (NOAA-AVHRR) satellites sensors. Though various calibrations have been applied on NOAA-AVHRR data, the effects of the orbit drift experienced by these satellites need to be corrected. A signal processing decomposition method allowing the filtering of the cloud types' amount trend affected by the orbit drift is used to perform the necessary corrections. The results obtained show a quantifiable improvement of the cloud amount estimation and trends of the individual NOAA satellites initial observations, at the global and regional scales. The corrected global cloud amount shows a slight decrease in its linear trend. The driving factors of this trend are the decrease in mid and low clouds overwhelming the increase in high clouds (+0.04% cloud amount/yr). A comparison with other cloud climatology studies such as the International Cloud Satellite Climatology Project (ISCCP) data set shows that the global cloud decrease noticed in NOAA-AVHRR's data is smaller. And, contrary to the NOAA-AVHRR's data, the driving force of the ISCCP linear trend is a sharp decrease in low clouds (-0.20% cloud amount/yr). C1 [Dim, J. R.; Murakami, H.] JAXA, Earth Observat Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. [Nakajima, T. Y.] Tokai Univ, Dept Network & Comp Engn, Sch Informat & Design Engn, Shibuya Ku, Tokyo 1510063, Japan. [Nordell, B.] Lulea Univ Technol, Dept Civil Min & Environm Engn, SE-97187 Lulea, Sweden. [Heidinger, A. K.] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, NOAA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Takamura, T.] Chiba Univ, Ctr Environm Remote Sensing, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638522, Japan. RP Dim, JR (reprint author), JAXA, Earth Observat Res Ctr, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. EM dimjules.rostand@jaxa.jp RI Nakajima, Takashi/C-2747-2009; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 14 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D11117 DI 10.1029/2010JD014559 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 779ZO UT WOS:000291820900001 ER PT J AU Lee, SI Schomer, M Peng, HG Page, KA Wilms, D Frey, H Soles, CL Yoon, DY AF Lee, Sung-Il Schoemer, Martina Peng, Huagen Page, Kirt A. Wilms, Daniel Frey, Holger Soles, Christopher L. Yoon, Do Y. TI Correlations between Ion Conductivity and Polymer Dynamics in Hyperbranched Poly(ethylene oxide) Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ion conductors; hyperbranched polyether; polyether; solid polymer electrolyte; poly(ethylene oxide); battery; lithium ions C1 [Schoemer, Martina; Wilms, Daniel; Frey, Holger] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Organ Chem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Lee, Sung-Il; Yoon, Do Y.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Peng, Huagen; Page, Kirt A.; Soles, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Frey, H (reprint author), Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Organ Chem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. EM hfrey@uni-mainz.de; csoles@nist.gov; dyyoon@snu.ac.kr RI Frey, Holger/C-9849-2009; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Program of Brain Korea 21 Project; Max Planck Graduate Research Center with the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (MPGC); U.S. Department of Commerce; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX We thank Prof. R Zentel for helpful discussions and advice. This research was supported by the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Program of Brain Korea 21 Project and by the Max Planck Graduate Research Center with the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (MPGC). The NIST Center for Neutron Research is funded by the U.S. Department of Commerce. The HFBS measurements at the NIST Center for Neutron Research utilize facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0454672. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 61 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUN 14 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 11 BP 2685 EP 2688 DI 10.1021/cm103696g PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 773GD UT WOS:000291294100001 ER PT J AU Olesen, SG Guasco, TL Roscioli, JR Johnson, MA AF Olesen, S. G. Guasco, T. L. Roscioli, J. R. Johnson, M. A. TI Tuning the intermolecular proton bond in the H5O2+ 'Zundel ion' scaffold SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL PREDISSOCIATION SPECTRA; GAS-PHASE; WATER CLUSTERS; INFRARED-SPECTRA; CHARGE-TRANSFER; HYDROGEN-BONDS; SHARED PROTON; IR-SPECTRUM; SPECTROSCOPY; COMPLEXES AB The Zundel ion, H2O center dot H+center dot H2O, provides a versatile scaffold with which to explore the quantum structure of the intermolecular proton bond (IPB). This information is encoded in the vibrational frequencies adopted by the shared proton, nu(sp), which are observed to follow a remarkably similar trend as the exterior OH groups are sequentially solvated or are replaced by methyl substituents. In effect, solvents H-bonding to exterior OH groups act to increase the proton affinity of the water to which they are bound in a roughly additive fashion. We discuss this behavior in the context of the extreme sensitivity of IPBs to their solvation environments. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Guasco, T. L.; Johnson, M. A.] Yale Univ, Sterling Chem Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Olesen, S. G.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Chem, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Roscioli, J. R.] Univ Colorado, JILA, David Nesbitts Labs, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Roscioli, J. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Roscioli, J. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Johnson, MA (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sterling Chem Lab, POB 208107, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM mark.johnson@yale.edu FU U. S. National Science Foundation [CHE-091199]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX We would like to thank the U. S. National Science Foundation under grant CHE-091199. J.R.R. would like to thank the National Institute of Standards and Technology for a National Research Council Fellowship. NR 53 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 14 PY 2011 VL 509 IS 4-6 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.04.060 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 771HW UT WOS:000291148800001 ER PT J AU Zaluzhna, O Brightful, L Allison, TC Tong, YYJ AF Zaluzhna, Oksana Brightful, Lyndsey Allison, Thomas C. Tong, YuYe J. TI Spectroscopic evidence of a bidentate-binding of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid on silver nanoclusters SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PROTECTED GOLD NANOPARTICLES; CHELATING AGENT; CLUSTERS; WATER AB New insight into the metal-ligand binding interaction in meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) protected silver nanoclusters (NCs) is presented in this work. IR, Raman and (13)C NMR spectroscopic characterizations and DFT calculations suggest that DMSA forms a bidentate binding, rather than the originally-proposed monodentate binding, via two sulfur atoms with the underlying Ag(7) NC, which is in agreement with recent ab initio calculations. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zaluzhna, Oksana; Brightful, Lyndsey; Tong, YuYe J.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Allison, Thomas C.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tong, YYJ (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, 37th & O St NW, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM yyt@georgetown.edu RI Tong, YuYe/A-2334-2008 OI Tong, YuYe/0000-0003-2799-022X FU NSF [CHE-0456848]; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX L.B. was a summer NSF REU student at Georgetown University. The authors thank the financial support by NSF (CHE-0456848); Professors Jin and Dr. Wu from the Carnegie Mellon University for their help with the synthesis of Ag NCs; Prof. Xiang from Fudan University for providing the Cartesian coordinates for the 3D Ag7DMSA4- molecule[10]; and University of Maryland NanoCenter NispLab for use of their TEM facility. A portion of the DFT calculations was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 14 PY 2011 VL 509 IS 4-6 BP 148 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.04.087 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 771HW UT WOS:000291148800012 ER PT J AU Yang, JK Noh, H Rooks, MJ Solomon, GS Vollmer, F Cao, H AF Yang, Jin-Kyu Noh, Heeso Rooks, Michael J. Solomon, Glenn S. Vollmer, Frank Cao, Hui TI Lasing in localized modes of a slow light photonic crystal waveguide SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISORDER; SCATTERING AB We demonstrate lasing in GaAs photonic crystal waveguides with InAs quantum dots as gain medium. Structural disorder is present due to fabrication imperfection and causes multiple scattering of light and localization of light. Lasing modes with varying spatial extend are observed at random locations along the guide. Lasing frequencies are determined by the local structure and occur within a narrow frequency band which coincides with the slow light regime of the waveguide mode. The three-dimensional numerical simulation reveals that the main loss channel for lasing modes located away from the waveguide end is out-of-plane scattering by structural disorder. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3600344] C1 [Yang, Jin-Kyu; Noh, Heeso; Rooks, Michael J.; Cao, Hui] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Yang, Jin-Kyu] Kongju Natl Univ, Dept Opt Engn, Kong Ju 314701, South Korea. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vollmer, Frank] Harvard Univ, Rowland Inst Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Vollmer, Frank] Max Planck Inst Sci Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. RP Yang, JK (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM hui.cao@yale.edu RI Yang, Jin-Kyu/E-6200-2010; Cao, Hui/F-4815-2012; Noh, Heeso/F-4803-2012; Vollmer, Frank/J-4732-2013 OI Noh, Heeso/0000-0002-6086-9109; Vollmer, Frank/0000-0003-0565-4671 FU NSF [DMR-0808937]; KOSEF at OPERA [R11-2003-022] FX We thank Stephen Hughes and Patrick Sebbah for useful discussions. This work is funded by NSF under Grant No. DMR-0808937. J.-K. Yang acknowledges the support of KOSEF through the Grant for the Photonics Integration Technology Research Center (Grant No. R11-2003-022) at OPERA. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 13 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 24 AR 241107 DI 10.1063/1.3600344 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 779SZ UT WOS:000291803600007 ER PT J AU Tiesinga, E Johnson, PR AF Tiesinga, E. Johnson, P. R. TI Collapse and revival dynamics of number-squeezed superfluids of ultracold atoms in optical lattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MOTT INSULATOR; PHASE-DIAGRAM; COLD ATOMS; GASES; TRANSITION; PHYSICS; FIELD; MODEL AB Recent experiments have shown a remarkable number of collapse and revival oscillations of the matter-wave coherence of ultracold atoms in optical lattices [Will et al., Nature (London) 465, 197 (2010)]. Using a mean-field approximation to the Bose-Hubbard model, we show that the visibility of collapse and revival interference patterns reveals number squeezing of the initial superfluid state. To describe the dynamics, we use an effective Hamiltonian that incorporates the intrinsic two-body and induced three-body interactions, and we analyze in detail the resulting complex pattern of collapse and revival frequencies generated by virtual transitions to higher bands, as a function of lattice parameters and mean-atom number. Our work shows that a combined analysis of both the multiband, nonstationary dynamics in the final deep lattice and the number squeezing of the initial superfluid state explains important characteristics of optical lattice collapse and revival physics. Finally, by treating the two-and three-body interaction strengths and the coefficients describing the initial superposition of number states as free parameters in a fit to the experimental data, it should be possible to go beyond some of the limitations of our model and obtain insight into the breakdown of the mean-field theory for the initial state or the role of nonperturbative effects in the final-state dynamics. C1 [Tiesinga, E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tiesinga, E.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Johnson, P. R.] American Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP Tiesinga, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU Research Corporation for Science Advancement; National Science Foundation FX PRJ acknowledges support from the Research Corporation for Science Advancement. ET acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN 10 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 6 AR 063609 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.83.063609 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 775LO UT WOS:000291461200007 ER PT J AU Charvet, C Liao, WL Heo, GY Laird, J Salomon, RG Turko, IV Pikuleva, IA AF Charvet, Casey Liao, Wei-Li Heo, Gun-Young Laird, James Salomon, Robert G. Turko, Illarion V. Pikuleva, Irina A. TI Isolevuglandins and Mitochondrial Enzymes in the Retina MASS SPECTROMETRY DETECTION OF POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION OF STEROL-METABOLIZING CYP27A1 SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CYTOCHROME P450C27 CYP27; PROTEIN ADDUCTS; CEREBROTENDINOUS-XANTHOMATOSIS; MACULAR DEGENERATION; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; ISOPROSTANE PATHWAY; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; LEVUGLANDIN E(2); 27-HYDROXYLASE; CHOLESTEROL AB We report the first peptide mapping and sequencing of an in vivo isolevuglandin-modified protein. Mitochondrial cytochrome P450 27A1 (CYP27A1) is a ubiquitous multifunctional sterol C27-hydroxylase that eliminates cholesterol and likely 7-ketocholesterol from the retina and many other tissues. We investigated the post-translational modification of this protein with isolevuglandins, arachidonate oxidation products. Treatment of purified recombinant CYP27A1 with authentic iso[4]levuglandin E(2) (iso[4]LGE(2)) in vitro diminished enzyme activity in a time-and phospholipid-dependent manner. A multiple reaction monitoring protocol was then developed to identify the sites and extent of iso[4]LGE2 adduction. CYP27A1 exhibited only three Lys residues, Lys(134), Lys(358), and Lys(476), that readily interact with iso[4]LGE(2) in vitro. Such selective modification enabled the generation of an internal standard, (15)N-labeled CYP27A1 modified with iso[4]LGE(2), for the subsequent analysis of a human retinal sample. Two multiple reaction monitoring transitions arising from the peptide AVLK(358)(-C(20)H(26)O(3))ETLR in the retinal sample were observed that co-eluted with the corresponding two (15)N transitions from the supplemented standard. These data demonstrate that modified CYP27A1 is present in the retina. We suggest that such protein modification impairs sterol elimination and likely has other pathological sequelae. We also propose that the post-translational modifications identified in CYP27A1 exemplify a general mechanism whereby oxidative stress and inflammation deleteriously affect protein function, contributing, for example, to cholesterol-rich lesions associated with age-related macular degeneration and cardiovascular disease. The proteomic protocols developed in this study are generally applicable to characterization of lipid-derived oxidative protein modifications occurring in vivo, including proteins bound to membranes. C1 [Turko, Illarion V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liao, Wei-Li; Turko, Illarion V.] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Laird, James; Salomon, Robert G.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Charvet, Casey; Heo, Gun-Young; Pikuleva, Irina A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Pikuleva, IA (reprint author), 2085 Adelbert Rd,Rm 303, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM iap8@case.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU National Institutes of Health [EY018383, AG024336, GM21249, T32 EY007157, P30 EY11373] FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health Grants EY018383 and AG024336 (to I. A. P.), GM21249 (to R. G. S.), Fellowship T32 EY007157 (to C. C.), and Core Grant P30 EY11373 (to Case Visual Sciences Research Center). NR 53 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUN 10 PY 2011 VL 286 IS 23 BP 20413 EP 20422 DI 10.1074/jbc.M111.232546 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 772WC UT WOS:000291267600029 PM 21498512 ER PT J AU France, K Schindhelm, E Burgh, EB Herczeg, GJ Harper, GM Brown, A Green, JC Linsky, JL Yang, H Abgrall, H Ardila, DR Bergin, E Bethell, T Brown, JM Calvet, N Espaillat, C Gregory, SG Hillenbrand, LA Hussain, G Ingleby, L Johns-Krull, CM Roueff, E Valenti, JA Walter, FM AF France, Kevin Schindhelm, Eric Burgh, Eric B. Herczeg, Gregory J. Harper, Graham M. Brown, Alexander Green, James C. Linsky, Jeffrey L. Yang, Hao Abgrall, Herve Ardila, David R. Bergin, Edwin Bethell, Thomas Brown, Joanna M. Calvet, Nuria Espaillat, Catherine Gregory, Scott G. Hillenbrand, Lynne A. Hussain, Gaitee Ingleby, Laura Johns-Krull, Christopher M. Roueff, Evelyne Valenti, Jeff A. Walter, Frederick M. TI THE FAR-ULTRAVIOLET "CONTINUUM" IN PROTOPLANETARY DISK SYSTEMS. II. CARBON MONOXIDE FOURTH POSITIVE EMISSION AND ABSORPTION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE protoplanetary disks; stars: individual (HN Tau, RECX-11, V4046 Sgr) ID T-TAURI-STARS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN EMISSION; ETA-CHAMAELEONTIS CLUSTER; FLUORESCENT H-2 EMISSION; PLANET-FORMING REGION; TWIN YOUNG SUNS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; BETA-PICTORIS; PHOTODISSOCIATION REGIONS AB We exploit the high sensitivity and moderate spectral resolution of the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph to detect far-ultraviolet (UV) spectral features of carbon monoxide (CO) present in the inner regions of protoplanetary disks for the first time. We present spectra of the classical T Tauri stars HN Tau, RECX-11, and V4046 Sgr, representative of a range of CO radiative processes. HN Tau shows CO bands in absorption against the accretion continuum. The CO absorption most likely arises in warm inner disk gas. We measure a CO column density and rotational excitation temperature of N(CO) = (2 +/- 1) x 10(17) cm(-2) and T-rot(CO) 500 +/- 200 K for the absorbing gas. We also detect CO A-X band emission in RECX-11 and V4046 Sgr, excited by UV line photons, predominantly H I Ly alpha. All three objects show emission from CO bands at lambda > 1560 angstrom, which may be excited by a combination of UV photons and collisions with non-thermal electrons. In previous observations these emission processes were not accounted for due to blending with emission from the accretion shock, collisionally excited H-2, and photo-excited H-2, all of which appeared as a "continuum" whose components could not be separated. The CO emission spectrum is strongly dependent upon the shape of the incident stellar Ly alpha emission profile. We find CO parameters in the range: N(CO) similar to 10(18)-10(19) cm(-2), T-rot(CO) greater than or similar to 300 K for the Ly alpha-pumped emission. We combine these results with recent work on photo-excited and collisionally excited H-2 emission, concluding that the observations of UV-emitting CO and H-2 are consistent with a common spatial origin. We suggest that the CO/H-2 ratio (= N(CO)/N(H-2)) in the inner disk is similar to 1, a transition between the much lower interstellar value and the higher value observed in solar system comets today, a result that will require future observational and theoretical study to confirm. C1 [France, Kevin; Schindhelm, Eric; Burgh, Eric B.; Brown, Alexander; Green, James C.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Herczeg, Gregory J.; Brown, Joanna M.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Harper, Graham M.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.; Yang, Hao] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.; Yang, Hao] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Abgrall, Herve; Roueff, Evelyne] Observ Paris, Sect Meudon, CNRS, UMR 8102, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Abgrall, Herve; Roueff, Evelyne] Observ Paris, Sect Meudon, LUTH, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Ardila, David R.] CALTECH, NASA Herschel Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bergin, Edwin; Bethell, Thomas; Calvet, Nuria; Ingleby, Laura] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Espaillat, Catherine] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gregory, Scott G.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A.] CALTECH, Dept Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hussain, Gaitee] ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Johns-Krull, Christopher M.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Valenti, Jeff A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Walter, Frederick M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP France, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kevin.france@colorado.edu RI Yang, Hao/F-8396-2014; OI Yang, Hao/0000-0002-9423-2333; Gregory, Scott/0000-0003-3674-5568; Herczeg, Gregory/0000-0002-7154-6065 FU NASA [NAS 5-26555, NNX08AC146, NAS5-98043]; STScI [GO-11616] FX Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.; K.F. thanks Roxana Lupu for enjoyable discussions regarding the far-UV spectrum of CO. This work was support by NASA grants NNX08AC146 and NAS5-98043 to the University of Colorado at Boulder and STScI grants to program GO-11616. NR 98 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2011 VL 734 IS 1 AR 31 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/734/1/31 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 769OS UT WOS:000291026900031 ER PT J AU Ferreira, JG Andersen, JH Borja, A Bricker, SB Camp, J da Silva, MC Garces, E Heiskanen, AS Humborg, C Ignatiades, L Lancelot, C Menesguen, A Tett, P Hoepffner, N Claussen, U AF Ferreira, Joao G. Andersen, Jesper H. Borja, Angel Bricker, Suzanne B. Camp, Jordi da Silva, Margarida Cardoso Garces, Esther Heiskanen, Anna-Stiina Humborg, Christoph Ignatiades, Lydia Lancelot, Christiane Menesguen, Alain Tett, Paul Hoepffner, Nicolas Claussen, Ulrich TI Overview of eutrophication indicators to assess environmental status within the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE eutrophication; chlorophyll; dissolved oxygen; harmful algae; Marine; coastal; assessment methods; Europe; marine Strategy Framework Directive; water Framework Directive ID LAST 50 YEARS; COASTAL WATERS; ECOLOGICAL STATUS; CHLOROPHYLL-A; LARGE-SCALE; NORTH-SEA; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; CHESAPEAKE BAY; TROPHIC STATUS; ADRIATIC SEA AB In 2009, following approval of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, 2008/56/EC), the European Commission (EC) created task groups to develop guidance for eleven quality descriptors that form the basis for evaluating ecosystem function. The objective was to provide European countries with practical guidelines for implementing the MSFD, and to produce a Commission Decision that encapsulated key points of the work in a legal framework. This paper presents a review of work carried out by the eutrophication task group, and reports our main findings to the scientific community. On the basis of an operational, management-oriented definition, we discuss the main methodologies that could be used for coastal and marine eutrophication assessment. Emphasis is placed on integrated approaches that account for physico-chemical and biological components, and combine both pelagic and benthic symptoms of eutrophication, in keeping with the holistic nature of the MSFD. We highlight general features that any marine eutrophication model should possess, rather than making specific recommendations. European seas range from highly eutrophic systems such as the Baltic to nutrient-poor environments such as the Aegean Sea. From a physical perspective, marine waters range from high energy environments of the north east Atlantic to the permanent vertical stratification of the Black Sea. This review aimed to encapsulate that variability, recognizing that meaningful guidance should be flexible enough to accommodate the widely differing characteristics of European seas, and that this information is potentially relevant in marine ecosystems worldwide. Given the spatial extent of the MSFD, innovative approaches are required to allow meaningful monitoring and assessment. Consequently, substantial logistic and financial challenges will drive research in areas such as remote sensing of harmful algal blooms, in situ sensor development, and mathematical models. Our review takes into account related legislation, and in particular the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD - 2000/60/EC), which deals with river basins, including estuaries and a narrow coastal strip, in order to examine these issues within the framework of integrated coastal zone management. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ferreira, Joao G.] Univ Nova Lisboa, DCEA FCT, Ctr Ocean & Environm, P-2829516 Monte De Caparica, Portugal. [Andersen, Jesper H.] Aarhus Univ, Natl Environm Res Inst, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Borja, Angel] AZTI Tecnalia, Div Marine Res, Pasaia, Spain. [Bricker, Suzanne B.] Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Camp, Jordi; Garces, Esther] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Mar, Dept Biol Marina & Ocenaog, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. [da Silva, Margarida Cardoso] LNEC, P-1700066 Lisbon, Portugal. [Heiskanen, Anna-Stiina] Ctr Marine Res, Finnish Environm Inst, Helsinki 00251, Finland. [Humborg, Christoph] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, Balt Nest Inst, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ignatiades, Lydia] Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, Inst Biol, Athens 15310, Greece. [Lancelot, Christiane] Univ Libre Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Menesguen, Alain] IFREMER, Ctr Brest, Dept ODE, Unite DYNECO,Lab EB, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Tett, Paul] Scottish Marine Inst, SAMS, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. [Hoepffner, Nicolas] Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. [Claussen, Ulrich] Fed Environm Agcy, D-06844 Dessau Rosslau, Germany. RP Ferreira, JG (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, DCEA FCT, Ctr Ocean & Environm, P-2829516 Monte De Caparica, Portugal. EM joao@hoomi.com RI Garces, Esther/C-5701-2011; Heiskanen, Anna-Stiina/B-2933-2013; Humborg, Christoph/C-4756-2015; OI Garces, Esther/0000-0002-2712-501X; Humborg, Christoph/0000-0002-0649-5599; Ferreira, Joao/0000-0001-9614-142X; Borja, Angel/0000-0003-1601-2025; Ignatiades, Lydia/0000-0003-1682-3901 NR 105 TC 122 Z9 127 U1 14 U2 161 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JUN 10 PY 2011 VL 93 IS 2 BP 117 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2011.03.014 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 781CF UT WOS:000291907500004 ER PT J AU Matan, K Bartlett, BM Helton, JS Sikolenko, V Mat'as, S Prokes, K Chen, Y Lynn, JW Grohol, D Sato, TJ Tokunaga, M Nocera, DG Lee, YS AF Matan, K. Bartlett, B. M. Helton, J. S. Sikolenko, V. Mat'as, S. Prokes, K. Chen, Y. Lynn, J. W. Grohol, D. Sato, T. J. Tokunaga, M. Nocera, D. G. Lee, Y. S. TI Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and spin reorientation transition in the frustrated kagome lattice antiferromagnet SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANISOTROPIC SUPEREXCHANGE INTERACTION; WEAK FERROMAGNETISM; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; POTASSIUM JAROSITE; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; ORDER; KFE3(OH)(6)(SO4)(2); EXCITATIONS; RESONANCE AB Magnetization, specific heat, and neutron scattering measurements were performed to study a magnetic transition in jarosite, a spin-5/2 kagome lattice antiferromagnet. When a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the kagome plane, magnetizations in the ordered state show a sudden increase at a critical field H(c), indicative of the transition from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic states. This sudden increase arises as the spins on alternate kagome planes rotate 180 degrees to ferromagnetically align the canted moments along the field direction. The canted moment on a single kagome plane is a result of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. For H < H(c), the weak ferromagnetic interlayer coupling forces the spins to align in such an arrangement that the canted components on any two adjacent layers are equal and opposite, yielding a zero net magnetic moment. For H > H(c), the Zeeman energy overcomes the interlayer coupling causing the spins on the alternate layers to rotate, aligning the canted moments along the field direction. Neutron scattering measurements provide the first direct evidence of this 180 degrees spin rotation at the transition. C1 [Matan, K.; Helton, J. S.; Lee, Y. S.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Matan, K.; Sato, T. J.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Neutron Sci Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. [Matan, K.] Mahidol Univ, Dept Phys, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Bartlett, B. M.; Nocera, D. G.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bartlett, B. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Helton, J. S.; Chen, Y.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sikolenko, V.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Mat'as, S.; Prokes, K.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Grohol, D.] Dow Chem Co USA, Core R&D, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Tokunaga, M.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Chiba 2778581, Japan. RP Matan, K (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM sckittiwit@mahidol.ac.th; younglee@mit.edu RI Helton, Joel/B-1798-2010; Bartlett, Bart/F-1233-2013; Prokes, Karel/J-5438-2013; Tokunaga, Masashi/C-6821-2014; Sikolenko, Vadim/D-3869-2011; Sato, Taku/I-7664-2015 OI Bartlett, Bart/0000-0001-8298-5963; Prokes, Karel/0000-0002-7034-1738; Tokunaga, Masashi/0000-0002-1401-9381; Sikolenko, Vadim/0000-0001-5252-6870; Sato, Taku/0000-0003-2511-4998 FU NSF [DMR 0239377]; MRSEC [DMR 02-13282] FX The authors would like to thank P. Ghaemi and T. Senthil for many fruitful discussions. This work was supported by the NSF under Grant No. DMR 0239377, and in part by the MRSEC program under Grant No. DMR 02-13282. NR 59 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 51 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 9 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 21 AR 214406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.214406 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 775BV UT WOS:000291432700006 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Porcar, L Chen, JH Chen, WR Falus, P Faraone, A Fratini, E Hong, KL Baglioni, P AF Liu, Yun Porcar, Lionel Chen, Jinhong Chen, Wei-Ren Falus, Peter Faraone, Antonio Fratini, Emiliano Hong, Kunlun Baglioni, Piero TI Lysozyme Protein Solution with an Intermediate Range Order Structure SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID EQUILIBRIUM CLUSTER FORMATION; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS; SYSTEMS; POTENTIALS; PARTICLES; DYNAMICS; CHARGE; PHASE; GELS AB The formation of equilibrium clusters has been studied in both a prototypical colloidal system and protein solutions. The appearance of a low-Q correlation peak in small angle scattering patterns of lysozyme solution was attributed to the cluster cluster correlation. Consequently, the presence of long-lived clusters has been established. By quantitatively analyzing both the SANS (small angle neutron scattering) and NSE (neutron spin echo) data of lysozyme solution using statistical mechanics models, we conclusively show in this paper that the appearance of a low-Q peak is not a signature of the formation of clusters. Rather, it is due to the formation of an intermediate range order structure governed by a short-range attraction and a long-range repulsion. We have further studied dynamic features of a sample with high enough concentration at which clusters are formed in solution. From the estimation of the mean square displacement by using short-time and long-time diffusion coefficient measured by NSE and NMR, we find that these clusters are not permanent but have a finite lifetime longer than the time required to diffuse over a distance of a monomer diameter. C1 [Liu, Yun; Faraone, Antonio] NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE USA. [Porcar, Lionel; Falus, Peter] ILL Grenoble, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Chen, Jinhong] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Sarcoma Program, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Faraone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fratini, Emiliano; Baglioni, Piero] Univ Florence, Dept Chem, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Fratini, Emiliano; Baglioni, Piero] Univ Florence, CSGI, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, NSS Div, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hong, Kunlun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CNMS, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yunliu@nist.gov RI Fratini, Emiliano/C-9983-2010; Baglioni, Piero/B-1208-2011; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015 OI Fratini, Emiliano/0000-0001-7104-6530; Baglioni, Piero/0000-0003-1312-8700; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111 FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; CSGI; MIUR FX This manuscript was prepared under a cooperative agreement, 70NANB7H6178, of NIST and the U.S. Department of Commerce. W. R. Chen at SNS and ORNL and K. L. Hong at CNMS and ORNL acknowledge the support of the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. E. Fratini and P. Baglioni acknowledge financial support from CSGI and MIUR (PRIN-2009). This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 35 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 9 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 22 BP 7238 EP 7247 DI 10.1021/jp109333c PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 770IK UT WOS:000291080000009 PM 21114324 ER PT J AU Lin, GD Monroe, C Duan, LM AF Lin, G. -D. Monroe, C. Duan, L. -M. TI Sharp Phase Transitions in a Small Frustrated Network of Trapped Ion Spins SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM COMPUTATION AB Sharp quantum phase transitions typically require a large system with many particles. Here we show that, for a frustrated fully connected Ising spin network represented by trapped atomic ions, the competition between different spin orders leads to rich phase transitions whose sharpness scales exponentially with the number of spins. This unusual finite-size scaling behavior opens up the possibility of observing sharp quantum phase transitions in a system of just a few trapped ion spins. C1 [Lin, G. -D.; Duan, L. -M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Lin, G. -D.; Duan, L. -M.] Univ Michigan, MCTP, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Monroe, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lin, GD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011 FU DARPA OLE; IARPA MQCO; AFOSR; ARO MURI; NSF PIF; NSF Center at JQI FX This work was supported by the DARPA OLE program, the IARPA MQCO program, the AFOSR and the ARO MURI programs, the NSF PIF Program, and the NSF Center at JQI. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 8 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 23 AR 230402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.230402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 774PV UT WOS:000291399500001 PM 21770485 ER PT J AU Wang, LK Goldberg, M Wu, XQ Cao, CY Iacovazzi, RA Yu, FF Li, YP AF Wang, Likun Goldberg, Mitch Wu, Xiangqian Cao, Changyong Iacovazzi, Robert A., Jr. Yu, Fangfang Li, Yaping TI Consistency assessment of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer radiances: Double differences versus simultaneous nadir overpasses SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE MODELS; CALIBRATION; SPECTRA; AIRS AB Quantifying the radiometric difference and creating a calibration link between Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on Aqua and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on MetOp are crucial for creating fundamental climate data records and intercalibrating other narrowband or broadband satellite instruments. This study employs two different methods to assess the AIRS and IASI radiance consistency within the four Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) imager infrared channels (with central wavelengths at 6.7, 10.7, 12.0, and 13.3 mu m) through a period of 2 years and 9 months. The first method employs the differences of AIRS and IASI relative to the GOES observations sampled in the tropics to indirectly track the AIRS and IASI radiance differences. The second approach directly compares AIRS and IASI in the polar regions through the simultaneous nadir overpass observations. Both methods reveal that AIRS and IASI radiances are in good agreement with each other both in the tropics and in the polar regions within GOES imager channels used in this study, while AIRS is found to be slightly warmer than IASI by less than 0.1 K. C1 [Wang, Likun] Dell Serv Fed Govt Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. [Goldberg, Mitch; Wu, Xiangqian; Cao, Changyong] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Iacovazzi, Robert A., Jr.; Yu, Fangfang] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Li, Yaping] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Wang, LK (reprint author), Dell Serv Fed Govt Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. EM likun.wang@noaa.gov RI Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Wang, Likun/B-7524-2008; Yu, Fangfang/E-7942-2011 OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650; Wang, Likun/0000-0001-5646-9746; Yu, Fangfang/0000-0001-8343-0863 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 8 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D11111 DI 10.1029/2010JD014988 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 776PM UT WOS:000291549100002 ER PT J AU Kamenkovich, I Cheng, W Schmid, C Harrison, DE AF Kamenkovich, Igor Cheng, Wei Schmid, Claudia Harrison, D. E. TI Effects of eddies on an ocean observing system with profiling floats: Idealized simulations of the Argo array SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MOORED INSTRUMENT ARRAY; ZONAL JETS; INDIAN-OCEAN; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; NORTH-ATLANTIC; BRAZIL BASIN; WORLD OCEAN; CIRCULATION; DESIGN; FLOWS AB This study aims at evaluating effects of the mesoscale variability on the expected accuracy of reconstruction of temperature, salinity, and velocities from the Argo measurements and trajectories. For this purpose, an idealized observing system with profiling floats is simulated in a high-resolution ocean model of the North Atlantic set up to produce annual mean hydrography and circulation. The simulations with and without mesoscale variability are compared, and the effects of the time mean and mesoscale eddy-induced advection are effectively separated and investigated. The results demonstrate several effects of mesoscale eddies on the expected accuracy of the Argo-based reconstructions of temperature, salinity, and horizontal velocities. In most of the domain, the eddies help to achieve uniform spatial coverage. The effects of eddy advection on reconstruction errors are, however, complex but moderate in most of the domain. High-frequency variability in temperature and salinity leads to enhancement of reconstruction errors, especially if the sampling is carried out for only a few years. The reconstruction of horizontal velocities from trajectories of the profiling floats is capable of detecting multiple zonal jets which have been observed already. The reconstruction of the meridional velocities is significantly less reliable, primarily due to a small signal-to-noise ratio in the in the interior of domain. C1 [Kamenkovich, Igor] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Cheng, Wei; Harrison, D. E.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Schmid, Claudia] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Kamenkovich, I (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ikamenkovich@rsmas.miami.edu RI Harrison, Don/D-9582-2013; Schmid, Claudia/D-5875-2013 OI Schmid, Claudia/0000-0003-2132-4736 FU NOAA Climate Program Office, Climate Observation Division; NSF [OCE 0346178, 0749722] FX The authors would like to thank E. S. Sarachik, F. Bryan, and anonymous reviewers for their helpful advice on the analysis discussed in this manuscript. Kamenkovich and Cheng were supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office, Climate Observation Division; Kamenkovich would also like to acknowledge the support by NSF grants OCE 0346178 and 0749722. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 8 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C06003 DI 10.1029/2010JC006910 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 776QS UT WOS:000291552800001 ER PT J AU Kim, YS Davis, R Cain, AA Grunlan, JC AF Kim, Yeon Seok Davis, Rick Cain, Amanda A. Grunlan, Jaime C. TI Development of layer-by-layer assembled carbon nanofiber-filled coatings to reduce polyurethane foam flammability SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Layer-by-layer assembly; Carbon nanofibers; Flammability ID POLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYERS; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; FILMS; BEHAVIOR AB Layer-by-layer (LbL) assemblies made with carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are shown to reduce the flammability of polyurethane foam. The 359 +/- 36 nm thick four bilayer coating of polyethyleneimine/CNF (cationic layer) and poly(acrylic acid) (anionic layer) contains 51 +/- 1 mass fraction % CNF. This coating completely covers the entire internal and external surfaces of the porous foam. Even though the microscopic CNF distribution was non-uniform, the macroscopic CNF network armor that was generated from this LbL process significantly reduced the flammability of the foam (e.g., 40% +/- 3% reduction in peak heat release rate). Normalized by flame retardant concentration, the reduction in foam peak heat release due to these CNF coatings is 38% larger than CNF embedded in the foam and as high as 1138% greater than other commercial technologies used to reduce foam flammability. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kim, Yeon Seok; Davis, Rick] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cain, Amanda A.; Grunlan, Jaime C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Davis, R (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rick.davis@nist.gov RI KIM, YEON SEOK/J-5864-2012; Grunlan, Jaime/K-3242-2016 OI Grunlan, Jaime/0000-0001-5241-9741 NR 30 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 75 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUN 8 PY 2011 VL 52 IS 13 BP 2847 EP 2855 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.04.023 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 774WU UT WOS:000291418300016 ER PT J AU Artuso, RD Bryant, GW Garcia-Etxarri, A Aizpurua, J AF Artuso, Ryan D. Bryant, Garnett W. Garcia-Etxarri, Aitzol Aizpurua, Javier TI Using local fields to tailor hybrid quantum-dot/metal nanoparticle systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EXCITON-PLASMON INTERACTION; DOT; MOLECULES AB We study hybrid-molecule structures consisting of a metal nanoparticle (MNP) nanorod coupled to a semiconductor quantum dot (SQD). MNP geometry can be used to tailor the local fields that determine the SQD-MNP coupling and to engineer the hybrid dynamical response. We identify regimes where dark modes and higher-order multipolar modes can influence hybrid response. Strong local-field coupling via dark modes changes the interference and self-interaction effects dramatically. External fields do not directly drive this MNP dark mode, so SQD-MNP coupling is dominated by the local induced self-coupling. By utilizing more complex structures that provide substantial local-field enhancement, we show the strong SQD-MNP coupling regimes can be made much more accessible. All of these aspects could enhance the capabilities of metal nanostructures to provide spatial and spectral control of the optical properties of single emitters. C1 [Artuso, Ryan D.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Artuso, Ryan D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bryant, Garnett W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bryant, Garnett W.] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Garcia-Etxarri, Aitzol; Aizpurua, Javier] Donostia Int Phys Ctr, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain. [Garcia-Etxarri, Aitzol; Aizpurua, Javier] Ctr Fis Mat CSIC UPV EHU, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain. RP Artuso, RD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM artuso@umd.edu RI CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012; Garcia-Etxarri, Aitzol/B-7311-2008; Aizpurua, Javier/E-6889-2014; DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014 OI Garcia-Etxarri, Aitzol/0000-0002-5867-2390; Aizpurua, Javier/0000-0002-1444-7589; NR 25 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 8 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 23 AR 235406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.235406 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 774PK UT WOS:000291398400007 ER PT J AU Xie, T Page, KA Eastman, SA AF Xie, Tao Page, Kirt A. Eastman, Scott A. TI Strain-Based Temperature Memory Effect for Nafion and Its Molecular Origins SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SHAPE-MEMORY; POLYMER NETWORKS; PERFLUOROSULFONATE IONOMERS; BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; ADHESIVE SYSTEM; RELAXATION; MEMBRANES; RECOVERY; NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYURETHANE AB A shape memory polymer traditionally refers to a polymer that can memorize one temporary shape and recover to its permanent shape upon exposure to an external stimulus. Although this basic concept has been known for at least half a century, recent advances have led to the discoveriy of previously uncovered memory properties that challenge the traditional concept of shape memory polymers. In particular, a temperature memory effect refers to the capability of a polymer to memorize temperatures instead of shapes. Thus far, the reported temperature memory effect has been established under iso-strain stress recovery conditions, in which the maximum recovery stress appears at a temperature roughly identical to the deformation temperature. This effect can be called recovery stress based temperature memory effect. In this work, experiments were designed in an attempt to establish a temperature memory effect based on the stress free strain recovery behaviors of Nafi on. The results show that, under carefully selected conditions, the temperature at which a maximum strain recovery rate is observed can indeed be quantitatively related to the deformation temperature. In addition, indications that the polymer is capable of memorizing more than one deformation temperature (i.e., multi-temperature memory effect) are shown. The molecular origin of Nafi on's temperature memory effect is elucidated through small angle neutron scattering study. C1 [Xie, Tao] Gen Motors Res & Dev Ctr, Chem Sci & Mat Syst Lab, Warren, MI 48090 USA. [Page, Kirt A.; Eastman, Scott A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xie, T (reprint author), Gen Motors Res & Dev Ctr, Chem Sci & Mat Syst Lab, Mail Code 480-106-224,30500 Mound Rd, Warren, MI 48090 USA. EM tao.xie@gm.com; kpage@nist.gov RI Xie, Tao/B-2323-2009; Xie, Tao/H-8633-2013 FU National Research Council-NIST FX S.A.E. gratefully acknowledges support from the National Research Council-NIST Associateship program. This official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology is not subject to copyright in the United States. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 60 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 6 U2 72 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD JUN 7 PY 2011 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2057 EP 2066 DI 10.1002/adfm.201002579 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 775HQ UT WOS:000291450000013 ER PT J AU Chen, JH Lin, SJ AF Chen, Jan-Huey Lin, Shian-Jiann TI The remarkable predictability of inter-annual variability of Atlantic hurricanes during the past decade SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODEL; PREDICTION; SIMULATIONS; FREQUENCY AB A newly developed global model, the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) High-Resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM) which is designed for both weather predictions and climate-change simulations, is used to predict the tropical cyclone activity at 25-km resolution. Assuming the persistence of the sea surface temperature anomaly during the forecast period, we show that the inter-annual variability of seasonal prediction for hurricane counts in the North Atlantic basin is highly predictable during the past decade (2000-2010). A remarkable correlation of 0.96 between the observed and model predicted hurricane counts is achieved. The root-mean-square error of the predicted hurricane number is less than 1 per year after correcting the model's negative bias. The predictive skill of the model in the tropics is further supported by the successful prediction of a Madden-Julian Oscillation event initialized 7-day in advance of its onset. Citation: Chen, J.-H., and S.-J. Lin (2011), The remarkable predictability of inter-annual variability of Atlantic hurricanes during the past decade, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L11804, doi:10.1029/2011GL047629. C1 [Chen, Jan-Huey; Lin, Shian-Jiann] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Chen, Jan-Huey] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Chen, JH (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, 201 Forrestal Rd,Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Jan-Huey.Chen@noaa.gov FU NOAA FX This study was primarily supported by NOAA's Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP). We wish to thank T. Marchok for his assistance in the use of TC tracking program. NR 24 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 7 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L11804 DI 10.1029/2011GL047629 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 776MZ UT WOS:000291540700002 ER PT J AU dos Santos, SF Balakrishnan, N Lepp, S Quemener, G Forrey, RC Hinde, RJ Stancil, PC AF dos Santos, S. Fonseca Balakrishnan, N. Lepp, S. Quemener, G. Forrey, R. C. Hinde, R. J. Stancil, P. C. TI Quantum dynamics of rovibrational transitions in H-2-H-2 collisions: Internal energy and rotational angular momentum conservation effects SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATOM-DIATOM COLLISIONS; LOG-DERIVATIVE METHOD; VIBRATIONAL-RELAXATION; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; H2-H2 COLLISIONS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; WAVE-PACKET; MOLECULES; SCATTERING; PARA-H-2 AB We present a full dimensional quantum mechanical treatment of collisions between two H-2 molecules over a wide range of energies. Elastic and state-to-state inelastic cross sections for ortho-H-2 + para-H-2 and ortho-H-2 + ortho-H-2 collisions have been computed for different initial rovibrational levels of the molecules. For rovibrationally excited molecules, it has been found that state-to-state transitions are highly specific. Inelastic collisions that conserve the total rotational angular momentum of the diatoms and that involve small changes in the internal energy are found to be highly efficient. The effectiveness of these quasiresonant processes increases with decreasing collision energy and they become highly state-selective at ultracold temperatures. They are found to be more dominant for rotational energy exchange than for vibrational transitions. For non-reactive collisions between ortho- and para-H-2 molecules for which rotational energy exchange is forbidden, the quasiresonant mechanism involves a purely vibrational energy transfer albeit with less efficiency. When inelastic collisions are dominated by a quasiresonant transition calculations using a reduced basis set involving only the quasiresonant channels yield nearly identical results as the full basis set calculation leading to dramatic savings in computational cost. (c) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3595134] C1 [dos Santos, S. Fonseca; Balakrishnan, N.] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Lepp, S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Quemener, G.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Quemener, G.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Forrey, R. C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, Reading, PA 19610 USA. [Hinde, R. J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Stancil, P. C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Stancil, P. C.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Simulat Phys, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP dos Santos, SF (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM Samantha.Fonseca@unlv.edu OI Hinde, Robert/0000-0003-3499-9222 FU NSF [PHY-0855470, ATM-0635715, PHY-0854838, AST-0607733] FX We thank Roman Krems for many useful discussions and initial collaboration in this project. This work was supported by NSF Grant Nos. PHY-0855470 (N.B.), ATM-0635715 (N.B.), PHY-0854838 (R.C.F.), and AST-0607733 (P.C.S.). NR 61 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 7 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 21 AR 214303 DI 10.1063/1.3595134 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 774RB UT WOS:000291402700022 PM 21663358 ER PT J AU Gao, J Vale, LR Mates, JAB Schmidt, DR Hilton, GC Irwin, KD Mallet, F Castellanos-Beltran, MA Lehnert, KW Zmuidzinas, J Leduc, HG AF Gao, J. Vale, L. R. Mates, J. A. B. Schmidt, D. R. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. Mallet, F. Castellanos-Beltran, M. A. Lehnert, K. W. Zmuidzinas, J. Leduc, H. G. TI Strongly quadrature-dependent noise in superconducting microresonators measured at the vacuum-noise limit SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; AMPLIFICATION; AMPLIFIERS AB We measure frequency- and dissipation-quadrature noise in superconducting microresonators with sensitivity near the vacuum noise level using a Josephson parametric amplifier. At an excitation power of 100 nW, frequency noise rises orders of magnitude above the vacuum noise, but no excess dissipation-quadrature noise is observed above the vacuum noise level. Our results suggest that using quantum amplifiers in dissipation measurement may greatly improve the sensitivity of microresonator readout, which has important implications for applications such as detectors, qubits, and nanomechanical oscillators. (c) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3597156] C1 [Gao, J.; Vale, L. R.; Mates, J. A. B.; Schmidt, D. R.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mallet, F.; Castellanos-Beltran, M. A.; Lehnert, K. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Phys, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mallet, F.; Castellanos-Beltran, M. A.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zmuidzinas, J.; Leduc, H. G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Gao, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jgao@boulder.nist.gov RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009; mallet, francois/O-5956-2016 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649; FU DARPA QUEST FX We thank Jose Aumentado, Lafe Spietz, John Teufel, and John Martinis for useful discussions. The resonator was fabricated in the JPL Microdevices Laboratory. The JPA was fabricated in the NIST, Boulder fabrication facility. This work was supported in part by the DARPA QUEST program. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 6 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 23 AR 232508 DI 10.1063/1.3597156 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 777XQ UT WOS:000291658900049 ER PT J AU Ryan, JT Yu, LC Han, JH Kopanski, JJ Cheung, KP Zhang, F Wang, C Campbell, JP Suehle, JS AF Ryan, J. T. Yu, L. C. Han, J. H. Kopanski, J. J. Cheung, K. P. Zhang, F. Wang, C. Campbell, J. P. Suehle, J. S. TI Spectroscopic charge pumping investigation of the amphoteric nature of Si/SiO2 interface states SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID P-B CENTERS; ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; OXIDE-SEMICONDUCTOR CAPACITORS; MOS-TRANSISTORS; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; SI-SIO2 INTERFACE; RADIATION; TRAPS; DEFECTS; DEVICES AB The amphoteric nature of Si/SiO2 interface states in submicron sized metal-oxide-silicon-field-effect-transistors is observed using an enhanced spectroscopic charge pumping method. The method's simplicity and high sensitivity makes it a powerful tool for interrogating the true nature of electrically measured interface states in samples which exhibit extremely low defect densities. The spectroscopic results obtained clearly illustrate a signature "double peak" density of states consistent with amphoteric P-b center data obtained from electron spin resonance measurements. Since the method is a hybrid of the commonly used charge pumping methodology, it should find widespread use in electronic device characterization. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3597298] C1 [Ryan, J. T.; Yu, L. C.; Han, J. H.; Kopanski, J. J.; Cheung, K. P.; Campbell, J. P.; Suehle, J. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, F.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wang, C.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Wang, C.] Fudan Univ, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Yu, L. C.] GE Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. RP Ryan, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kin.cheung@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU National Research Council; U.S. Department of Commerce [NIST 60NANB10D109] FX J.T.R. acknowledges funding support by the National Research Council. This work was partially prepared with the support of the U.S. Department of Commerce under Award No. NIST 60NANB10D109. However, any opinions, findings, conclusions or other recommendations expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Commerce Dept. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 6 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 23 AR 233502 DI 10.1063/1.3597298 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 777XQ UT WOS:000291658900077 ER PT J AU Braun, D Hoffman, J Tiesinga, E AF Braun, Daniel Hoffman, Jonathan Tiesinga, Eite TI Superradiance of cold atoms coupled to a superconducting circuit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SUPER-RADIANCE; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; DICKE SUPERRADIANCE; PHASE-TRANSITION; STATES; DECOHERENCE; SPIN AB We investigate superradiance of an ensemble of atoms coupled to an integrated superconducting LC circuit. Particular attention is paid to the effect of inhomogeneous coupling constants. Combining perturbation theory in the inhomogeneity and numerical simulations, we show that inhomogeneous coupling constants can significantly affect the superradiant relaxation process. Incomplete relaxation terminating in "dark states" can occur, from which the only escape is through individual spontaneous emission on a much longer time scale. The relaxation dynamics can be significantly accelerated or retarded, depending on the distribution of the coupling constants. On the technical side, we also generalize the previously known propagator of superradiance for identical couplings in the completely symmetric sector to the full exponentially large Hilbert space. C1 [Braun, Daniel] Univ Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Phys Theor Lab, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Braun, Daniel] CNRS, Inst Rech Syst Atom & Mol Comples, Phys Theor Lab, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Hoffman, Jonathan; Tiesinga, Eite] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hoffman, Jonathan; Tiesinga, Eite] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Braun, D (reprint author), Univ Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Phys Theor Lab, F-31062 Toulouse, France. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN 6 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 6 AR 062305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.83.062305 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 773LL UT WOS:000291308700005 ER PT J AU von Stecher, J Gurarie, V Radzihovsky, L Rey, AM AF von Stecher, Javier Gurarie, Victor Radzihovsky, Leo Rey, Ana Maria TI Lattice-Induced Resonances in One-Dimensional Bosonic Systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL LATTICES; GAS; ATOMS; PHASE AB We study the resonant effects produced when a Feshbach dimer crosses a scattering continuum band of atoms in an optical lattice. We numerically obtain the exact spectrum of two particles in a one-dimensional lattice and develop an effective atom-dimer Hamiltonian that accurately captures resonant effects. The lattice-induced resonances lead to the formation of bound states simultaneously above and below the scattering continuum and significantly modify the curvature of the dimer dispersion relation. The nature of the atom-dimer coupling depends strongly on the parity of the dimer state leading to a novel coupling in the case of negative parity dimers. C1 [von Stecher, Javier; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [von Stecher, Javier; Rey, Ana Maria] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gurarie, Victor; Radzihovsky, Leo] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP von Stecher, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU NSF (PFC) [PIF-0904017]; ARO through the DARPA-OLE; NSF [DMR-1001240, DMR-0449521] FX This work was supported by the NSF (PFC and Grant No. PIF-0904017), the ARO through the DARPA-OLE (J. v. S. and A. M. R.), NSF Grant No. DMR-1001240 (L. R.), and NSF Grant No. DMR-0449521 (V. G.). NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 6 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 23 AR 235301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.235301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 773NF UT WOS:000291313300008 PM 21770514 ER PT J AU Pritchard, VL Dimond, L Harrison, JS Velazquez, CCS Zieba, JT Burton, RS Edmands, S AF Pritchard, Victoria L. Dimond, Leilani Harrison, J. Scott Velazquez, Claudia Cristina S. Zieba, Jennifer T. Burton, Ronald S. Edmands, Suzanne TI Interpopulation hybridization results in widespread viability selection across the genome in Tigriopus californicus SO BMC GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION RATIO DISTORTION; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT SYSTEM; CYTOCHROME-C GENOTYPES; LONG-TERM PERSISTENCE; HYBRID BREAKDOWN; MARINE COPEPOD; OUTBREEDING DEPRESSION; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; EPISTATIC INTERACTIONS; MIMULUS-GUTTATUS AB Background: Genetic interactions within hybrids influence their overall fitness. Understanding the details of these interactions can improve our understanding of speciation. One experimental approach is to investigate deviations from Mendelian expectations (segregation distortion) in the inheritance of mapped genetic markers. In this study, we used the copepod Tigriopus californicus, a species which exhibits high genetic divergence between populations and a general pattern of reduced fitness in F2 interpopulation hybrids. Previous studies have implicated both nuclear-cytoplasmic and nuclear-nuclear interactions in causing this fitness reduction. We identified and mapped population-diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and used these to examine segregation distortion across the genome within F2 hybrids. Results: We generated a linkage map which included 45 newly elucidated SNPs and 8 population-diagnostic microsatellites used in previous studies. The map, the first available for the Copepoda, was estimated to cover 75% of the genome and included markers on all 12 T. californicus chromosomes. We observed little segregation distortion in newly hatched F2 hybrid larvae (fewer than 10% of markers at p < 0.05), but strikingly higher distortion in F2 hybrid adult males (45% of markers at p < 0.05). Hence, segregation distortion was primarily caused by selection against particular genetic combinations which acted between hatching and maturity. Distorted markers were not distributed randomly across the genome but clustered on particular chromosomes. In contrast to other studies in this species we found little evidence for cytonuclear coadaptation. Instead, different linkage groups exhibited markedly different patterns of distortion, which appear to have been influenced by nuclear-nuclear epistatic interactions and may also reflect genetic load carried within the parental lines. Conclusion: Adult male F2 hybrids between two populations of T. californius exhibit dramatic segregation distortion across the genome. Distorted loci are clustered within specific linkage groups, and the direction of distortion differs between chromosomes. This segregation distortion is due to selection acting between hatching and adulthood. C1 [Pritchard, Victoria L.; Dimond, Leilani; Velazquez, Claudia Cristina S.; Zieba, Jennifer T.; Edmands, Suzanne] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Harrison, J. Scott; Burton, Ronald S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Biol Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Pritchard, Victoria L.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Harrison, J. Scott] Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RP Pritchard, VL (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM victoria.pritchard@noaa.gov RI Burton, Ron/F-7694-2010; OI Pritchard, Victoria/0000-0003-0992-7403 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-0316807, DEB-0521176]; NSF; USC; Provost's Fellowship Program FX This work was funded by U.S. National Science Foundation Grants DEB-0316807 to SE and DEB-0521176 to RSB. Undergraduate research students were supported by an NSF REU Site program (CCSV) and by funds from USC's Undergraduate Research Associates Program (JTZ) and Provost's Fellowship Program (LD). We thank Jeffrey Conroy for his great help in SNP assay design and genotyping, Annie Hwang, Catherine Purcell, Helen Truong and Tigran Karamanukyan for laboratory assistance, and Colin Rose for sharing unpublished data. NR 61 TC 18 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 32 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2156 J9 BMC GENET JI BMC Genet. PD JUN 3 PY 2011 VL 12 AR 54 DI 10.1186/1471-2156-12-54 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 790SK UT WOS:000292609300001 PM 21639918 ER PT J AU Vorburger, TV Song, JF Chu, W Ma, L Bui, SH Zheng, A Renegar, TB AF Vorburger, T. V. Song, J-F. Chu, W. Ma, L. Bui, S. H. Zheng, A. Renegar, T. B. TI Applications of cross-correlation functions SO WEAR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Metrology and Properties of Engineering Surfaces CY JUL 08-10, 2009 CL Rzeszow University of Technology, Rzeszow, POLAND SP Dept Mgf Procsses & Prod Org, Rzeszow Univ Technol, Div Metrol & Measurement Syst, Poznan Univ Technol HO Rzeszow University of Technology DE Cross-correlation; Surface; Roughness; Topography; Ballistics; Firearm ID ALGORITHM TESTING SYSTEM; STANDARD BULLETS AB We describe several examples where we use cross-correlation functions to quantify the similarity of 2D surface profiles or of 3D areal surface topography images. The applications have included (1) the manufacture of standard reference material (SRM) bullets and casings, (2) methods to assess whether bullets or casings have been fired by the same firearm, and (3) research to quantify similarities or differences between profiles of the same surface measured by different techniques or between a master surface and its replicas. The cross-correlation maximum is the functional parameter used to quantify similarity. A second parameter, called the relative profile (2D) difference or relative areal topography (3D) difference, may also be used to quantify differences and to recognize the ambiguous condition when two results have different vertical (z-) scales but identical shapes. Most of these examples have been applied in support of ballistics inspection methods in crime labs, but the methods are generally useful for estimating the accuracy of surface replication techniques or the ability of different surface topography instruments to measure the same surface and provide the same result. The instruments used in these studies were a stylus instrument and a Nipkow-disk type confocal microscope. Cross-correlation functions may also be used to assess differences resulting from the use of different filters to modify the same surface profile or topography image. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vorburger, T. V.; Song, J-F.; Chu, W.; Ma, L.; Zheng, A.; Renegar, T. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bui, S. H.] Veeco Metrol Grp, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. RP Vorburger, TV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tvtv@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD JUN 3 PY 2011 VL 271 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 529 EP 533 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2010.03.030 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 791QB UT WOS:000292678600007 ER PT J AU Bernier, M Paul, RK Martin-Montalvo, A Scheibye-Knudsen, M Song, SM He, HJ Armour, SM Hubbard, BP Bohr, VA Wang, LL Zong, YP Sinclair, DA de Cabo, R AF Bernier, Michel Paul, Rajib K. Martin-Montalvo, Alejandro Scheibye-Knudsen, Morten Song, Shaoming He, Hua-Jun Armour, Sean M. Hubbard, Basil P. Bohr, Vilhelm A. Wang, Lili Zong, Yaping Sinclair, David A. de Cabo, Rafael TI Negative Regulation of STAT3 Protein-mediated Cellular Respiration by SIRT1 Protein SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-KAPPA-B; SERINE PHOSPHORYLATION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCER; CALORIE RESTRICTION; SER-727 PHOSPHORYLATION; MITOCHONDRIAL STAT3; DEPENDENT PATHWAY; DIRECT ACTIVATOR; CELLS; ACETYLATION AB In mammals, the transcriptional activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is regulated by the deacetylase SIRT1. However, whether the newly described non-genomic actions of STAT3 toward mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation are dependent on SIRT1 is unclear. In this study, Sirt1 gene knock-out murine embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells were used to delineate the role of SIRT1 in the regulation of STAT3 mitochondrial function. Here, we show that STAT3 mRNA and protein levels and the accumulation of serine-phosphorylated STAT3 in mitochondria were increased significantly in Sirt1-KO cells as compared with wild-type MEFs. Various mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters, such as the oxygen consumption rate in cell cultures, enzyme activities of the electron transport chain complexes in isolated mitochondria, and production of ATP and lactate, indicated that Sirt1-KO cells exhibited higher mitochondrial respiration as compared with wildtype MEFs. Two independent approaches, including ectopic expression of SIRT1 and siRNA-mediated knockdown of STAT3, led to reduction in intracellular ATP levels and increased lactate production in Sirt1-KO cells that were approaching those of wild-type controls. Comparison of profiles of phospho-antibody array data indicated that the deletion of SirT1 was accompanied by constitutive activation of the proinflammatory NF-kappa B pathway, which is key for STAT3 induction and increased cellular respiration in Sirt1-KO cells. Thus, SIRT1 appears to be a functional regulator of NF-kappa B-dependent STAT3 expression that induces mitochondrial biogenesis. These results have implications for understanding the interplay between STAT3 and SIRT1 in pro-inflammatory conditions. C1 [Bernier, Michel] NIA, Clin Invest Lab, NIH, Biomed Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [He, Hua-Jun; Wang, Lili] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Paul, Rajib K.; Martin-Montalvo, Alejandro; de Cabo, Rafael] NIA, Lab Expt Gerontol, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Scheibye-Knudsen, Morten; Bohr, Vilhelm A.] NIA, Lab Mol Gerontol, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Armour, Sean M.; Hubbard, Basil P.; Sinclair, David A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Paul F Glenn Labs, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Zong, Yaping] Full Moon Biosyst Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. RP Bernier, M (reprint author), NIA, Clin Invest Lab, NIH, Biomed Res Ctr, 251 Bayview Blvd,Ste 100, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM Bernierm@mail.nih.gov; deCaboRa@grc.nia.nih.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; de Cabo, Rafael/J-5230-2016; Martin-Montalvo, Alejandro/C-2031-2017; OI , rafael/0000-0003-2830-5693; de Cabo, Rafael/0000-0002-3354-2442; Martin-Montalvo, Alejandro/0000-0002-3886-5355; Bernier, Michel/0000-0002-5948-368X; Scheibye-Knudsen, Morten/0000-0002-6637-1280; Sinclair, David/0000-0002-9936-436X FU National Institutes of Health NIA FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health NIA Intramural Research Program. NR 72 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUN 3 PY 2011 VL 286 IS 22 BP 19270 EP 19279 DI 10.1074/jbc.M110.200311 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 769OZ UT WOS:000291027700009 PM 21467030 ER PT J AU Kocsis, S Braverman, B Ravets, S Stevens, MJ Mirin, RP Shalm, LK Steinberg, AM AF Kocsis, Sacha Braverman, Boris Ravets, Sylvain Stevens, Martin J. Mirin, Richard P. Shalm, L. Krister Steinberg, Aephraim M. TI Observing the Average Trajectories of Single Photons in a Two-Slit Interferometer SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM MEASUREMENTS; COMPLEMENTARITY; SPIN; REALIZATION; COMPONENT; PARTICLE AB A consequence of the quantum mechanical uncertainty principle is that one may not discuss the path or "trajectory" that a quantum particle takes, because any measurement of position irrevocably disturbs the momentum, and vice versa. Using weak measurements, however, it is possible to operationally define a set of trajectories for an ensemble of quantum particles. We sent single photons emitted by a quantum dot through a double-slit interferometer and reconstructed these trajectories by performing a weak measurement of the photon momentum, postselected according to the result of a strong measurement of photon position in a series of planes. The results provide an observationally grounded description of the propagation of subensembles of quantum particles in a two-slit interferometer. C1 [Kocsis, Sacha; Braverman, Boris; Shalm, L. Krister; Steinberg, Aephraim M.] Univ Toronto, Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum Control, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Kocsis, Sacha; Braverman, Boris; Shalm, L. Krister; Steinberg, Aephraim M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Inst Opt Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Kocsis, Sacha] Griffith Univ, Ctr Quantum Dynam, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. [Ravets, Sylvain] Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, Inst Opt, Lab Charles Fabry, F-91127 Palaiseau, France. [Stevens, Martin J.; Mirin, Richard P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shalm, L. Krister] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Steinberg, AM (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum Control, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. EM steinberg@physics.utoronto.ca RI Steinberg, Aephraim/C-3226-2008; OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, and QuantumWorks FX A.M.S. conceived of the experiment and supervised the work; M.J.S. and R.P.M. designed and fabricated the single-photon sources; S.K. constructed the experiment and acquired the data with assistance from B.B. and S.R. and much guidance from L.K.S.; B.B., S.K., and S.R. carried out the data analysis and generated the figures; S.K. and L.K.S. wrote the text with input from all the other co-authors. This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, and QuantumWorks. S.K. thanks B. Higgins and L.K.S. thanks K.J. Resch for useful discussions. The data from the experiment has been archived and is available at www.physics.utoronto.ca/similar to aephraim/data/PhotonTrajectories. NR 26 TC 202 Z9 204 U1 8 U2 60 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 3 PY 2011 VL 332 IS 6034 BP 1170 EP 1173 DI 10.1126/science.1202218 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 772BO UT WOS:000291205200040 PM 21636767 ER PT J AU Jiang, Y Wei, W Davis, RE Lee, I Hammond, RW Nuss, DL Zhao, Y AF Jiang, Y. Wei, W. Davis, R. E. Lee, I. Hammond, R. W. Nuss, D. L. Zhao, Y. TI Plant hormones as potential biomarkers of early phytoplasma infection SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nuss, D. L.] IBBR Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. [Jiang, Y.; Wei, W.; Davis, R. E.; Lee, I.; Hammond, R. W.; Zhao, Y.] ARS, MPPL, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 2011 VL 101 IS 6 SU S BP S273 EP S273 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 822KR UT WOS:000295045402046 ER PT J AU Remley, KA AF Remley, Kate A. TI Communication Is Vital SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Remley, KA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA. EM microwave.editor@ieee.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1527-3342 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 12 IS 4 BP 6 EP U2 DI 10.1109/MMM.2011.940585 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 763GK UT WOS:000290543200001 ER PT J AU Le Marshall, J Seecamp, R Xiao, Y Steinle, P Sims, H Skinner, T Jung, J Le, T AF Le Marshall, John Seecamp, Rolf Xiao, Yi Steinle, Peter Sims, Holly Skinner, Terry Jung, Jim Le, Tan TI The generation and assimilation of continuous AMVs with 4DVar SO AUSTRALIAN METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC MOTION VECTORS; SATELLITE WIND DATA; METEOROLOGYS GLOBAL ASSIMILATION; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; AUSTRALIAN REGION; SYSTEM; EVOLUTION; BUREAU; IMPACT AB Continuous (hourly) atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) have been generated from Multi-functional Transport Satellite 1 Replacement (MTSAT-1R) and at times MTSAT-2 radiance data (imagery) since 2005. MTSAT-1R is the primary geostationary meteorological satellite observing the Western Pacific, Asia and the Australian region. The calibrated and navigated radiance data have been used to calculate AMVs. The continuous AMVs have been error characterized and used in near real-time trials to gauge their impact on operational regional Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) using four-dimensional variational assimilation (4DVar). The beneficial impact of these data on the Bureau of Meteorology's (BoM's) current operational system is described below. The vectors are used operationally, for analysis in the Darwin Regional Forecast Office and, after these trials, the AMVs were approved for introduction into the Bureau's National Meteorological and Oceanographic Centre's (NMOC's) operational NWP suite for use by the operational Australian Community Climate Earth System Simulator (ACCESS) regional model ACCESS-R. The utility of these continuous wind data for tropical cyclone prediction has already been demonstrated in a number of studies. In recent studies using ACCESS Global and Regional models, locally generated high spatial and temporal resolution (hourly) AMVs from MTSAT-1R have been employed with 4DVar and their beneficial impact in the Australian region and with tropical cyclone track prediction, has been recorded. C1 [Le Marshall, John; Xiao, Yi; Steinle, Peter; Sims, Holly; Le, Tan] Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Le Marshall, John] La Trobe Univ, Dept Phys, Bundoora, Vic, Australia. [Jung, Jim] JCSDA, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Le Marshall, J (reprint author), Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, GPO Box 1289, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. EM j.lemarshall@bom.gov.au NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AUSTRALIAN BUREAU METEOROLOGY PI MELBOURNE PA GPO BOX 1289, MELBOURNE, VIC 3001, AUSTRALIA SN 1836-716X J9 AUST METEOROL OCEAN JI Aust. Meteorol. Oceanogr. J. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 61 IS 2 BP 117 EP 123 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 821MJ UT WOS:000294978800004 ER PT J AU Schultz, BJ Patridge, CJ Lee, V Jaye, C Lysaght, PS Smith, C Barnett, J Fischer, DA Prendergast, D Banerjee, S AF Schultz, Brian J. Patridge, Christopher J. Lee, Vincent Jaye, Cherno Lysaght, Patrick S. Smith, Casey Barnett, Joel Fischer, Daniel A. Prendergast, David Banerjee, Sarbajit TI Imaging local electronic corrugations and doped regions in graphene SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; CARBON NANOTUBES; GRAPHITE; FILMS; TRANSISTORS; OXIDE AB Electronic structure heterogeneities are ubiquitous in two-dimensional graphene and profoundly impact the transport properties of this material. Here we show the mapping of discrete electronic domains within a single graphene sheet using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy in conjunction with ab initio density functional theory calculations. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy imaging provides a wealth of detail regarding the extent to which the unoccupied levels of graphene are modified by corrugation, doping and adventitious impurities, as a result of synthesis and processing. Local electronic corrugations, visualized as distortions of the pi*cloud, have been imaged alongside inhomogeneously doped regions characterized by distinctive spectral signatures of altered unoccupied density of states. The combination of density functional theory calculations, scanning transmission X-ray microscopy imaging, and in situ near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy experiments also provide resolution of a longstanding debate in the literature regarding the spectral assignments of pre-edge and interlayer states. C1 [Prendergast, David] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schultz, Brian J.; Patridge, Christopher J.; Lee, Vincent; Banerjee, Sarbajit] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lysaght, Patrick S.; Smith, Casey; Barnett, Joel] SEMATECH, Front End Proc Div, Austin, TX 78741 USA. RP Prendergast, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dgprendergast@lbl.gov; sb244@buffalo.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU National Science Foundation [DMR0847169]; FSRSP; New York State Energy Research and Development Authority; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was primarily supported by the National Science Foundation under DMR0847169. We also acknowledge the NSLS for travel funding through the FSRSP Program and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority for partial support of this work. Certain commercial names are presented in this manuscript for purposes of illustration and do not constitute an endorsement by NIST. Density functional theory simulations and interpretation of X-ray spectra were performed as a User Project at the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We acknowledge Dr Jian Wang and associates, at beam-line 10ID1 of the Canadian Light Source for support and assistance with STXM data collection. NR 46 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 46 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 2 AR 372 DI 10.1038/ncomms1376 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 819DA UT WOS:000294804400038 PM 21712820 ER PT J AU Arguez, A Vose, RS AF Arguez, Anthony Vose, Russell S. TI The Definition of the Standard WMO Climate Normal The Key to Deriving Alternative Climate Normals SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID TIME-SERIES; TEMPERATURE C1 [Arguez, Anthony; Vose, Russell S.] NOAAs Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Arguez, A (reprint author), NOAA NCDC, Room 506,151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Anthony.Arguez@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 92 IS 6 BP 699 EP U345 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2955.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 797MU UT WOS:000293132800004 ER PT J AU Smith, A Lott, N Vose, R AF Smith, Adam Lott, Neal Vose, Russss TI The Integrated Surface Database Recent Developments and Partnerships SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Smith, Adam; Lott, Neal; Vose, Russss] NOAAs Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Smith, A (reprint author), NOAAs Natl Climat Data Ctr, Fed Bldg,151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Adam.Smith@noaa.gov NR 10 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 92 IS 6 BP 704 EP 708 DI 10.1175/2011BAMS3015.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 797MU UT WOS:000293132800005 ER PT J AU Nalli, NR Joseph, E Morris, VR Barnet, CD Wolf, WW Wolfe, D Minnett, PJ Szczodrak, M Izaguirre, MA Lumpkin, R Xie, H Smirnov, A King, TS Wei, J AF Nalli, Nicholas R. Joseph, Everette Morris, Vernon R. Barnet, Christopher D. Wolf, Walter W. Wolfe, Daniel Minnett, Peter J. Szczodrak, Malgorzata Izaguirre, Miguel A. Lumpkin, Rick Xie, Hua Smirnov, Alexander King, Thomas S. Wei, Jennifer TI MULTIYEAR OBSERVATIONS OF THE TROPICAL ATLANTIC ATMOSPHERE Multidisciplinary Applications of the NOAA Aerosols and Ocean Science Expeditions SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SAHARAN AIR LAYER; EMITTED RADIANCE INTERFEROMETER; HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; VERTICAL RESOLUTION; OZONE MAXIMUM; WATER-VAPOR; WAVE-ONE; RETRIEVALS; HUMIDITY C1 [Nalli, Nicholas R.; King, Thomas S.; Wei, Jennifer] Dell Serv Fed Govt Inc, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Nalli, Nicholas R.; Barnet, Christopher D.; Wolf, Walter W.; King, Thomas S.; Wei, Jennifer] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Joseph, Everette; Morris, Vernon R.] Howard Univ, NOAA Ctr Atmospher Sci, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Wolf, Walter W.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Minnett, Peter J.; Szczodrak, Malgorzata; Izaguirre, Miguel A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA OAR Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. [Nalli, Nicholas R.; Xie, Hua] NOAA NESDIS STAR, IM Syst Grp, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Smirnov, Alexander] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sigma Space Corp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Nalli, NR (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, IM Syst Grp, Airmen Mem Bldg Ste 204,5211 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM nick.nalli@noaa.gov RI Nalli, Nicholas/F-6731-2010; Wolf, Walter/E-7935-2011; Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009 OI Nalli, Nicholas/0000-0002-6914-5537; Wolf, Walter/0000-0002-2102-8833; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704 FU NOAA [NA17AE1625, NA17AE1623]; STAR Satellite Meteorology and Climatology Division (SMCD); GOES-R Algorithm Working Group; NOAA's Office of Climate Observations FX This research has been supported by the NOAA Educational Partnership Program Grant NA17AE1625, NOAA Grant NA17AE1623 to establish NCAS, the STAR Satellite Meteorology and Climatology Division (SMCD) and GOES-R Algorithm Working Group (M. D. Goldberg, SMCD Division Chief, and A. Powell, Director of STAR), the NOAA Integrated Program Office (2008-10), the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation FY05-06 Science Development and Implementation Task, and the NASA AIRS Science Team (2006-08). Funding for PNE is provided by NOAA's Office of Climate Observations (Climate Program Office). NR 68 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 92 IS 6 BP 765 EP 789 DI 10.1175/2011BAMS2997.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 797MU UT WOS:000293132800009 ER PT J AU Bauer, P Ohring, G Kummerow, C Auligne, T AF Bauer, Peter Ohring, George Kummerow, Chris Auligne, Tom TI ASSIMILATING SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS OF CLOUDS AND PRECIPITATION INTO NWP MODELS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ohring, George] NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Bauer, Peter] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasting, Reading, Berks, England. [Kummerow, Chris] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Auligne, Tom] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ohring, G (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM george.ohring@noaa.gov RI Ohring, George/F-5616-2010 NR 0 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 92 IS 6 BP ES25 EP ES28 DI 10.1175/2011BAMS3182.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 797MU UT WOS:000293132800002 ER PT J AU Chu, DZ AF Chu, Dezhang TI TECHNOLOGY EVOLUTION AND ADVANCES IN FISHERIES ACOUSTICS SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-TAIWAN LA English DT Article DE sonar; fisheries acoustics; echosounders; technology ID LIVE INDIVIDUAL ZOOPLANKTON; WESTERN ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; MULTIBEAM-SONAR; SOUND-SCATTERING; EUPHAUSIID AGGREGATIONS; TARGET STRENGTH; FISH; BIOMASS; MICRONEKTON; DIRECTIVITY AB Application of sonar technology to fisheries acoustics has made significant advances over recent decades. The echosounder systems evolved from the simple analog single-beam and single-frequency systems to more sophisticated digital multi-beam and multi-frequency systems. In this paper, a brief review of major technological advances in fisheries acoustics is given, as well as examples of their applications. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Chu, DZ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2757 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM dezhang.chu@noaa.gov NR 89 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL TAIWAN OCEAN UNIV PI KEELUNG PA NO 2 PEI-NING RD, KEELUNG, 202, TAIWAN SN 1023-2796 J9 J MAR SCI TECH-TAIW JI J. Mar. Sci. Technol.-Taiwan PD JUN PY 2011 VL 19 IS 3 BP 245 EP 252 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 798IF UT WOS:000293195700002 ER PT J AU Joaquim, S Matias, D Matias, AM Moura, P Arnold, WS Chicharo, L Gaspar, MB AF Joaquim, Sandra Matias, Domitilia Matias, Ana Margarete Moura, Paula Arnold, William S. Chicharo, Luis Gaspar, Miguel Baptista TI Reproductive activity and biochemical composition of the pullet carpet shell Venerupis senegalensis (Gmelin, 1791) (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from Ria de Aveiro (northwestern coast of Portugal) SO SCIENTIA MARINA LA English DT Article DE pullet carpet shell; Venerupis senegalensis; biochemical composition; condition index; reproductive cycle ID DECUSSATUS L. MOLLUSCA; RUDITAPES-DECUSSATUS; CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; CONDITION INDEX; PHILIPPINARUM ADAMS; GONADAL DEVELOPMENT; GAMETOGENIC CYCLE; ENERGY RESERVES; PACIFIC OYSTERS AB The present study characterizes the reproductive cycle of Venerupis senegalensis (=V. pullastra) from Ria de Aveiro (Portugal) as well as its nutrient storage and exploitation strategy. The reproductive cycle followed a seasonal cycle that correlated negatively with sea surface temperature, and comprised a ripe stage in winter followed by a spawning period that began in late winter and ended in the early summer. This extended spawning may be an advantageous strategy for the species because it ensures a continuous supply of settlers. Gametogenesis began in late summer/early autumn and intensified with the decrease in temperature during autumn. The condition index increased even during the spawning period, which indicates that there is rapid recovery and that reserves are accumulated during late summer and used later in the gametogenic process. Proteins did not contribute significantly to gametogenesis and the glycogen pattern is typical of conservative species, since gametogenesis depends largely on the amount of glycogen stored. The lipid storage and utilization cycle showed that gametogenesis took place in autumn/winter and that energy reserves were accumulated in summer. C1 [Joaquim, Sandra; Matias, Domitilia; Matias, Ana Margarete; Moura, Paula; Gaspar, Miguel Baptista] L IPIMAR, Inst Nacl Recursos Biol, P-8700305 Olhao, Portugal. [Arnold, William S.] NOAA, NMFS SE Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Chicharo, Luis] Univ Algarve, Ctr Ciencias Mar CCMAR, P-8005139 Faro, Portugal. RP Joaquim, S (reprint author), L IPIMAR, Inst Nacl Recursos Biol, Av 5 Outubro S-N, P-8700305 Olhao, Portugal. EM sandra@ipimar.pt RI Joaquim, Sandra/G-8572-2011; Gaspar, Miguel/F-5398-2011; UALG, CCMAR/N-7071-2013; OI Gaspar, Miguel/0000-0001-9245-8518; Joaquim, Sandra/0000-0002-6324-5908 FU PROMAR FX The authors would like to acknowledge the staff of Molluscan Aquaculture Experimental Station in Tavira, and Vitor Bettencourt of IPIMAR Aveiro for collecting the samples. Special thanks are also due to Dr. Alexandra Leitao whose suggestions greatly improved this manuscript. The authors are also grateful to Dr. Montserrat Ramon (Editor of Scientia Marina) and two anonymous referees, whose valuable comments and suggestions greatly improved the revised version of the manuscript. This study was partially funded by the PROMAR Project (Interreg IIIA). NR 46 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU INST CIENCIAS MAR BARCELONA PI BARCELONA PA PG MARITIM DE LA BARCELONETA, 37-49, 08003 BARCELONA, SPAIN SN 0214-8358 J9 SCI MAR JI Sci. Mar. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 75 IS 2 BP 217 EP 226 DI 10.3989/scimar.2011.75n2217 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 795SG UT WOS:000292995500002 ER PT J AU Santos, RG Martins, AS Farias, JD Horta, PA Pinheiro, HT Torezani, E Baptistotte, C Seminoff, JA Balazs, GH Work, TM AF Santos, Robson G. Martins, Agnaldo Silva Farias, Julyana da Nobrega Horta, Paulo Antunes Pinheiro, Hudson Tercio Torezani, Evelise Baptistotte, Cecilia Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Balazs, George H. Work, Thierry M. TI Coastal habitat degradation and green sea turtle diets in Southeastern Brazil SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Coastal environments; Chelonia mydas; Environmental degradation; Diet; Feeding preference; Urbanization ID BAJA-CALIFORNIA PENINSULA; CHELONIA-MYDAS; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; PACIFIC COAST; FIBROPAPILLOMATOSIS; REEF; ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERNS; MEXICO; VARIABILITY AB To show the influence of coastal habitat degradation on the availability of food for green turtles (Chelonia mydas), we assessed the dietary preferences and macroalgae community at a feeding area in a highly urbanized region. The area showed low species richness and was classified as degraded. We examined stomach contents of 15 dead stranded turtles (CCL = 44.0 cm (SD 6.7 cm)). The diet was composed primarily of green algae Ulva spp. (83.6%). In contrast, the macroalgae community was dominated by the green alga Caulerpa mexicana. We found a selection for red algae, seagrass and Ulva spp., and avoidance for C. mexicana and brown alga Dictyopteris delicatula. The low diversity of available food items, possibly a result of environmental degradation, likely contributed to the low dietary diversity. The nutritional implications of this restricted diet are unclear. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Santos, Robson G.; Martins, Agnaldo Silva; Pinheiro, Hudson Tercio] Univ Fed Espirito Santo, CCHN, Dept Oceanog & Ecol, BR-29075910 Vitoria, ES, Brazil. [Farias, Julyana da Nobrega; Horta, Paulo Antunes] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, CCB, Dept Bot, BR-88010970 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Torezani, Evelise; Baptistotte, Cecilia] Escritorio Reg Vitoria, Projeto TAMAR ICMBio, BR-29040715 Vitoria, ES, Brazil. [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Santos, RG (reprint author), Univ Fed Espirito Santo, CCHN, Dept Oceanog & Ecol, BR-29075910 Vitoria, ES, Brazil. EM robsongsantos@gmail.com RI Martins, Agnaldo/F-1615-2011; Horta, Paulo/E-5236-2013; SANTOS, ROBSON/E-7183-2010; Horta, Paulo/L-3092-2015 OI Martins, Agnaldo/0000-0003-2160-1326; SANTOS, ROBSON/0000-0001-5240-6799; FU FAPES; CAPES; CNPq [308867/2006-8]; TAMAR/ICMBio FX We thank the FAPES, CAPES, CNPq (ASM Grant 308867/2006-8) and TAMAR/ICMBio for the financial support, the TAMAR team for helping with the field work, Acqua Sub and its team for lending SCUBA equipment and helping in the collection of marine algae, and Dr. D.J. Russell and Dr. K.J. McDermid for their manuscript review and helpful comments. Use of products or trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 61 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 50 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 62 IS 6 BP 1297 EP 1302 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.03.004 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 791PL UT WOS:000292677000030 PM 21450314 ER PT J AU Ling, Z Wang, GH Wang, CZ Fan, ZS AF Ling, Zheng Wang, Guihua Wang, Chunzai Fan, Zhi-Song TI Different effects of tropical cyclones generated in the South China Sea and the northwest Pacific on the summer South China Sea circulation SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Upper layer circulation; Tropical cyclones; South China Sea; The northwestern Pacific ID VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; GENESIS; OCEAN; WINDS AB Tropical cyclones (TCs) that affect the South China Sea (SCS) can be generated in either the SCS or the northwestern Pacific (NWP). Using satellite measurements, the Sverdrup theory and a 1.5-layer nonlinear reduced gravity model, the present paper investigates the effects of SCS and NWP TCs on the summer SCS upper layer ocean circulation. Both SCS and NWP TCs enhance the summer mean circulation pattern of the cyclonic gyre in the northern SCS and the anti-cyclonic gyre in the southern SCS. However, the effect of SCS TCs is much larger than that of NWP TCs, although the number of SCS TCs is smaller than NWP TCs. This is because the SCS TCs-induced wind stress curl pattern is favorable for enhancing the summer SCS mean circulation. C1 [Ling, Zheng; Wang, Guihua] SOA, Inst Oceanog 2, State Key Lab Satellite Ocean Environm Dynam, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Ling, Zheng; Fan, Zhi-Song] Ocean Univ China, Coll Phys & Environm Oceanog, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Phys Oceanog Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. RP Wang, GH (reprint author), SOA, Inst Oceanog 2, State Key Lab Satellite Ocean Environm Dynam, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM guihua_wanggh@yahoo.com.cn RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU China's National Basic Research Program [2007CB816004]; International Corporation of China [2008DFA22230]; NSFC [40976017, 40730843] FX We thank the editor and the three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions to improve the quality of the paper. This study was supported by China's National Basic Research Program (2007CB816004), the International Corporation Program of China (2008DFA22230) and NSFC (Grant no. 40976017, 40730843). NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0916-8370 J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 67 IS 3 BP 347 EP 355 DI 10.1007/s10872-011-0044-1 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 788MH UT WOS:000292448500010 ER PT J AU Sutherland, DA MacCready, P Banas, NS Smedstad, LF AF Sutherland, David A. MacCready, Parker Banas, Neil S. Smedstad, Lucy F. TI A Model Study of the Salish Sea Estuarine Circulation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID COASTAL OCEAN MODEL; JUAN-DE-FUCA; PUGET-SOUND; FORM DRAG; PART I; EXCHANGE; FLOW; FORMULATION; WASHINGTON; TURBULENCE AB A realistic hindcast simulation of the Salish Sea, which encompasses the estuarine systems of Puget Sound, the Strait of Juan de Fuca, and the Strait of Georgia, is described for the year 2006. The model shows moderate skill when compared against hydrographic, velocity, and sea surface height observations over tidal and subtidal time scales. Analysis of the velocity and salinity fields allows the structure and variability of the exchange flow to be estimated for the first time from the shelf into the farthest reaches of Puget Sound. This study utilizes the total exchange flow formalism that calculates volume transports and salt fluxes in an isohaline framework, which is then compared to previous estimates of exchange flow in the region. From this analysis, residence time distributions are estimated for Puget Sound and its major basins and are found to be markedly shorter than previous estimates. The difference arises from the ability of the model and the isohaline method for flux calculations to more accurately estimate the exchange flow. In addition, evidence is found to support the previously observed spring neap modulation of stratification at the Admiralty Inlet sill. However, the exchange flow calculated increases at spring tides, exactly opposite to the conclusion reached from an Eulerian average of observations. C1 [Sutherland, David A.; MacCready, Parker] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Banas, Neil S.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Smedstad, Lucy F.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Sutherland, DA (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM david.sutherland@noaa.gov RI Banas, Neil/C-8565-2015; OI Banas, Neil/0000-0002-1892-9497; Sutherland, David/0000-0002-2843-8608 FU State of Washington through the University of Washington; National Science Foundation [0849622, 0751683, OCE0942675]; Vetlesen Foundation; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA09NOS4780180]; U.S. Navy NAVSEA FX Funding was provided by the State of Washington through the University of Washington Puget Sound Regional Synthesis Model (PRISM) project, and we thank M. Warner, J. Newton, and M. Kawase for leading the data collection part of PRISM. Additional support came from the National Science Foundation Grants 0849622 and 0751683 and the Vetlesen Foundation. This project benefited from many observational programs, but we especially thank B. Hickey for leading the RISE project and sharing the CTD data; E. Dever for the RISE mooring data; and B. Hickey for leading the ECOHAB PNW project, which is supported by the Coastal Ocean Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA09NOS4780180) and the National Science Foundation (OCE0942675). The Institute of Ocean Sciences in Canada and the Washington State Department of Ecology generously shared their data, including the Joint Effort to Monitor the Straits (JEMS) led by C. Maloy and J. Newton and cosponsored by Ecology and PRISM. J. Newton, M. Alford, A. Devol, and J. Mickett provided leadership for the Hood Canal Dissolved Oxygen Program (HCDOP), funded through the U.S. Navy NAVSEA. D. Darr provided system administration, and C. Bassin helped archive data. Two anonymous reviewers provided comments that greatly improved the clarity and content of this manuscript. NR 56 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 46 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1125 EP 1143 DI 10.1175/2010JPO4540.1 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 787VT UT WOS:000292405500006 ER PT J AU Rust, BW AF Rust, Bert W. TI A mathematical model of atmospheric retention of man-made CO2 emissions SO MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTERS IN SIMULATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on French Acronyms of Approximation Methods and Numerical Modelling in Environment and Natural Resources (MAMERN09) CY JUN 08-11, 2009 CL Univ Pau, Pau, FRANCE SP CNRS, Univ Granada, Univ Mohammed I, CNRST, IMACS - Int Assoc Math & Comp Simulat HO Univ Pau DE CO2 emissions; Atmospheric CO2; Global temperatures; Global warming AB Rust and Thijsse have previously shown that changes in global annual average temperature anomalies T(t(i)) compiled by the Climatic Research Unit vary linearly with atmospheric CO2 concentrations c(t(i)). The c(t(i)) can be related to man-made CO2 emissions F(t(i)) by a linear regression model whose solution vector gives the unknown retention fractions gamma(t(i)) of the F(t(i)) in the atmosphere. Gaps in the c(t(i)) record make the system underdetermined, but the constraints 0 <= gamma(t(i)) <= 1 make estimation tractable. The gamma(t(i)) are estimated by two methods: (1) assuming a finite harmonic expansion for gamma(t), and (2) using a constrained least squares algorithm to compute average values of gamma(t) on suitably chosen time subintervals. The final result is an estimate of gamma(t) with enough accuracy to establish the connection between emissions from fossil fuel use and land use changes and increases in global average annual temperature anomalies. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of IMACS. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rust, BW (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bert.rust@nist.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4754 J9 MATH COMPUT SIMULAT JI Math. Comput. Simul. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 81 IS 10 SI SI BP 2326 EP 2336 DI 10.1016/j.matcom.2010.12.019 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 789DU UT WOS:000292494700033 ER PT J AU Lake, RE Pomeroy, JM Sosolik, CE AF Lake, R. E. Pomeroy, J. M. Sosolik, C. E. TI Critical capture distances for highly charged ions above dielectric covered metal surfaces SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Workshop on Inelastic Ion-Surface Collisions (IISC-18) CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2010 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE Highly charged ions; Ion-surface neutralization; Dielectric thin films ID NEUTRALIZATION; DYNAMICS AB We model the first stage of the electronic interaction between an ion and a metal surface covered with a thin dielectric layer. Specifically, we seek to answer two questions. (i) As an ion approaches the surface from far away, does the first electron that it captures originate from the exposed dielectric layer or the metal underneath it? (ii) What is the ion's distance from the metal when the first electron is captured? To answer these questions, the classical potential that an electron is subject to during the interaction is calculated. The dielectric film is treated as a continuum with simple band structure. We input the parameters from recent experiments (Co with 1.5 nm thick Al2O3 film) and found that (i) the first capture proceeds from the metal, and (ii) the dielectric film extends the distance threshold for first capture compared to a metal with no film. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lake, R. E.; Pomeroy, J. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lake, R. E.; Sosolik, C. E.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Lake, RE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM russell.lake@nist.gov OI Lake, Russell/0000-0002-6077-7036 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN 1 PY 2011 VL 269 IS 11 SI SI BP 1199 EP 1202 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.11.056 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 787IZ UT WOS:000292371100008 ER PT J AU Pomeroy, JM Lake, RE Sosolik, CE AF Pomeroy, J. M. Lake, R. E. Sosolik, C. E. TI Highly charged ion interactions with thin insulating films SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Workshop on Inelastic Ion-Surface Collisions (IISC-18) CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2010 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE Highly charged ions; WKB; Magnetic tunnel junction; Potential sputtering ID TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; SLOW; SURFACE; IMPACT AB The electrical conductance of magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) devices whose ultra-thin aluminum oxide tunnel barriers were irradiated by highly charged ions (HCIs) increases linearly with the fluence of HCIs, while retaining a current-voltage relationship indicative of a tunnel junction. The slope of the MTJ conductance sigma(c) as a function of fluence varies with different tunnel barrier thicknesses d, levels of oxidation (stoichiometry) and charge state q. Since the MTJ conductance after HCI irradiation is due to tunneling, the increased conductance can result from thinning the barrier, reducing the effective tunnel barrier height phi, or both. Measurements of the current-voltage profile provide sufficient degrees of freedom to substantially constrain d and phi provided the reduction of the barrier remains within the assumptions of the commonly used WKB (Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin) tunneling formalism. For the Xe32+ ions discussed here the perturbation of the tunnel barrier is much weaker than in our previously reported measurements of Xe44+ and application of WIG is still reasonable. This analysis reveals a trend of decreasing d while phi changes little. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pomeroy, J. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pomeroy, J. M.; Lake, R. E.; Sosolik, C. E.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Pomeroy, JM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joshua.pomeroy@nist.gov OI Lake, Russell/0000-0002-6077-7036 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN 1 PY 2011 VL 269 IS 11 SI SI BP 1238 EP 1242 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.11.006 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 787IZ UT WOS:000292371100017 ER PT J AU Coles, V Gerber, L Legg, S Lozier, S AF Coles, Victoria Gerber, Lisa Legg, Sonya Lozier, Susan TI Mentoring Groups A Non-Exit Strategy for Women in Physical Oceanography SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Coles, Victoria] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD USA. [Gerber, Lisa; Lozier, Susan] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Legg, Sonya] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Coles, V (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD USA. EM vcoles@umces.edu RI Legg, Sonya/E-5995-2010; OI Coles, Victoria/0000-0002-7247-0007 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2011 VL 24 IS 2 SI SI BP 17 EP 20 PG 4 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 787AC UT WOS:000292348000005 ER PT J AU Johnson, GC Wijffels, SE AF Johnson, Gregory C. Wijffels, Susan E. TI Ocean Density Change Contributions to Sea Level Rise SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; GLOBAL UPPER-OCEAN; NORTH PACIFIC; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; HEAT; VARIABILITY; TRENDS; ICE; TEMPERATURE; BUDGET AB Ocean warming contributes to global mean sea level rise by reducing the density of seawater, thus increasing its volume. Freshening of seawater also reduces its density, and this effect contributes to regional sea level variations. However, the effect on global mean sea level rise of ocean freshening by land-ice melt is overwhelmed by the effect of the addition of that melted ice to the ocean. After a brief introduction on the importance of the ocean in the current planetary energy imbalance and the consequences for sea level rise, this article reviews the changing mix of ocean measurements of temperature and salinity, and evolving sampling patterns since the 1950s. Estimates of global sea level rise due to warming and the effects of temperature and salinity on regional sea level change patterns are discussed. The article concludes with an examination of the prospects for accomplishing more global temperature and salinity observations by extending autonomous measurements into the currently poorly sampled ice-covered ocean and the half of the ocean volume below the current 2,000-dbar pressure limit of the Argo array of profiling floats. C1 [Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Ocean Climate Res Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wijffels, Susan E.] CSIRO, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP Johnson, GC (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Ocean Climate Res Div, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov RI Wijffels, Susan/I-8215-2012; Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 14 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2011 VL 24 IS 2 SI SI BP 112 EP 121 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2011.31 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 787AC UT WOS:000292348000013 ER PT J AU Leuliette, EW Willis, JK AF Leuliette, Eric W. Willis, Josh K. TI Balancing the Sea Level Budget SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; GRACE; RISE; CLIMATE; HEAT; REEVALUATION; PATTERNS; JASON-2 AB Sea level rise is both a powerful impact of and indicator for global warming and climate change. Observing sea level change, as well as its causes, is therefore a top priority for scientists and society at large. By measuring the ocean's temperature, salinity, mass, and surface height, the relative sources of recent sea level rise can be discerned. With these observations, sea level change is determined in terms of total sea level:and its two major components, ocean mass and steric (density-related) sea level. The sea level budget is closed-when the sum of the independent components agrees with measurements of total sea level, indicating that the observations can be used to interpret the causes of sea level change. While nearly global monitoring of sea level from space-based radar altimeters has been available since the early 1990s, satellite gravity missions capable of weighing changes in ocean mass have been available for less than 10 years. Even more-recently, the Argo array of profiling floats achieved a level of coverage that now allows assessment of global sea level change due to temperature and salinity in the upper 2,000 m of the ocean. Only during the overlapping period of all three observing systems can the sea level budget be directly addressed by observations. C1 [Leuliette, Eric W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Willis, Josh K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Leuliette, EW (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM eric.leuliette@noaa.gov RI Leuliette, Eric/D-1527-2010 OI Leuliette, Eric/0000-0002-3425-4039 FU NOAA Office of Climate; NASA; US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX This work was supported in part by the NOAA Office of Climate Observations program and the NASA Ocean Surface Topography program and was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The Argo data were obtained from the Global Argo Data Repository (http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/argo) maintained by the NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center. The float data were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Project and contributing national programs (available at http://www.argo.net). The GRACE data were obtained from the Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC) (http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/grace) at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors, and should not be construed as an official NOAA or US government position, policy, or decision. NR 39 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 24 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2011 VL 24 IS 2 SI SI BP 122 EP 129 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 787AC UT WOS:000292348000014 ER PT J AU Sedberry, GR Fautin, DG Feldman, M Fornwall, MD Goldstein, P Guralnick, RP AF Sedberry, George R. Fautin, Daphne G. Feldman, Michael Fornwall, Mark D. Goldstein, Philip Guralnick, Robert P. TI OBIS-USA A Data-Sharing Legacy of the Census of Marine Life SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB The United States Geological Survey's Biological Informatics Program hosts OBIS-USA, the US node of the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS). OBIS-USA gathers, coordinates, applies standard formats to, and makes widely available data on biological collections in marine waters of the United States and other areas where US investigators have collected data and, in some instances, specimens. OBIS-USA delivers its data to OBIS international, which then delivers its. data to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and other Web portals for marine biodiversity data. OBIS-USA currently has 145 data sets from 36 participants, representing over 6.5 million occurrence records of over 83,000 taxa from more than 888,000 locations. OBIS-USA, a legacy of the decade-long (2001-2010) international collaborative Census of Marine Life enterprise, continues to add data, including those from ongoing Census projects. Among the many challenges in creating OBIS, including OBIS-USA, were developing a community of trust and shared value among data providers, and demonstrating to providers the value of making their data accessible to others. Challenges also posed by the diversity of data sets relevant to marine biodiversity stored on thousands of computers, in a variety of formats, not all widely accessible, have been met in OBIS-USA by implementing a uniform standard and publishing platform that is easily accessible to a broad range of users. C1 [Sedberry, George R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Savannah, GA USA. [Fautin, Daphne G.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Feldman, Michael] Consortium Ocean Leadership, Washington, DC USA. [Fornwall, Mark D.] US Geol Survey, Biol Informat Program, Kahului, HI USA. [Guralnick, Robert P.] Univ Colorado, Museum Nat Hist, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sedberry, GR (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Savannah, GA USA. EM george.sedberry@noaa.gov FU Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Ocean Exploration and Research; United States Geological Survey; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement FX This summary of OBIS-USA and associated programs evolved from, and was improved by, discussions with many participants in the Census of Marine Life and OBIS. In particular, we thank past and present members of the US National Committee (USNC) for the Census. Support for our work and the USNC was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Ocean Exploration and Research; USNC was coordinated by the Consortium for Ocean Leadership. This work was also supported by the United States Geological Survey and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement as well as our respective agencies and universities. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2011 VL 24 IS 2 SI SI BP 166 EP 173 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 787AC UT WOS:000292348000018 ER PT J AU Kong, L AF Kong, Laura CA UNESCO-IOC Post-Tsunami Field TI Post-Tsunami Field Surveys are Essential for Mitigating the Next Tsunami Disaster SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kong, Laura] UNESCO, IOC NOAA, Int Tsunami Informat Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Kong, L (reprint author), UNESCO, IOC NOAA, Int Tsunami Informat Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. EM l.kong@unesco.org NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2011 VL 24 IS 2 SI SI BP 222 EP 226 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 787AC UT WOS:000292348000025 ER PT J AU Albert, JNL Kim, JD Stafford, CM Epps, TH AF Albert, Julie N. L. Kim, Joey D. Stafford, Christopher M. Epps, Thomas H., III TI Controlled vapor deposition approach to generating substrate surface energy/chemistry gradients SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID COPOLYMER THIN-FILMS; CHEMICAL GRADIENTS; LITHOGRAPHY; FILTRATION; MEMBRANES; POLYMERS; ENERGY AB Substrate surface energy/chemistry gradients provide a means for high-throughput exploration of the surface interactions that are important in many chemical and biological processes. We describe the implementation of a controlled vapor deposition approach to surface modification that enables the facile production of substrate surface energy/chemistry gradients while maintaining versatility in both the gradient profile and the surface chemistry. In our system, gradient formation relies on the cross-deposition of functionalized chlorosilanes onto the substrate surface via vaporization of the deposition materials from liquid reservoirs under dynamic vacuum. The effects of liquid reservoir size (reservoir surface area), reservoir position relative to the substrate, vacuum application, and volatility of the deposition materials are examined in detail and demonstrate the level of gradient tunability afforded by this vapor deposition approach. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3594104] C1 [Albert, Julie N. L.; Kim, Joey D.; Epps, Thomas H., III] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Stafford, Christopher M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Epps, TH (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM thepps@udel.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Epps, Thomas/B-7337-2012; OI Epps, III, Thomas/0000-0002-2513-0966 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0645586] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through DMR-0645586 and a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to J.N.L.A. We thank Dr. T. Beebe, Jr., Department of Chemistry, University of Delaware, for use of his contact angle measuring system and the National Institute of Standards and Technology for the use of their XPS facility. This manuscript is an official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 82 IS 6 AR 065103 DI 10.1063/1.3594104 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 786US UT WOS:000292334000060 PM 21721726 ER PT J AU Chisum, JD Grossman, EN Popovic, Z AF Chisum, Jonathan D. Grossman, Erich N. Popovic, Zoya TI A general approach to low noise readout of terahertz imaging arrays SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID DIODES AB This article describes the theory and design of an ultra-low noise electronic readout circuit for use with room temperature video-rate terahertz imaging arrays. First, the noise characteristics of various imaging detectors, including low resistance bolometers and high resistance diodes are discussed. Theoretical approaches to white and 1/f noise mitigation are examined, and a corresponding low-noise readout circuit is designed, built, and tested. It is shown that the circuit is capable of achieving detector limited noise performance for use in room temperature terahertz imaging systems. A thorough noise analysis of the circuit provides the necessary information for applying the readout circuit to any type of imaging detector, and more generally, any measurement of small signals from various source impedances in the presence of white and 1/f noise. W-band measurements of an 8-element, high-resistance detector array, and a 32-element, low-resistance detector array demonstrate the usefulness of the readout circuit. Finally, recommended circuit configurations for various detectors in the literature are provided, with theoretical performance metrics summarized. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3599419] C1 [Chisum, Jonathan D.; Popovic, Zoya] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Grossman, Erich N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Chisum, JD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM chisum@colorado.edu FU NSF ARRA [0925636] FX The authors acknowledge NSF ARRA funding, ECCS No. 0925636. Special thanks to Dr. David Wikner and Dr. Charles Dietlein at the Army Research Laboratory for measurements and discussion. NIST is a US Government organization; this work is not subject to copyright. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 82 IS 6 AR 065106 DI 10.1063/1.3599419 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 786US UT WOS:000292334000063 PM 21721729 ER PT J AU Cygan, A Lisak, D Maslowski, P Bielska, K Wojtewicz, S Domyslawska, J Trawinski, RS Ciurylo, R Abe, H Hodges, JT AF Cygan, A. Lisak, D. Maslowski, P. Bielska, K. Wojtewicz, S. Domyslawska, J. Trawinski, R. S. Ciurylo, R. Abe, H. Hodges, J. T. TI Pound-Drever-Hall-locked, frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectrometer SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-A-BAND; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL-LINES; QUADRUPOLE TRANSITIONS; MULTISPECTRUM FITS; SENSITIVITY; DOPPLER; PARAMETERS; PRESSURE; MODE AB We describe a high sensitivity and high spectral resolution laser absorption spectrometer based upon the frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy (FS-CRDS) technique. We used the Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) method to lock the probe laser to the high-finesse ring-down cavity. We show that the concomitant narrowing of the probe laser line width leads to dramatically increased ring-down event acquisition rates (up to 14.3 kHz), improved spectrum signal-to-noise ratios for weak O(2) absorption spectra at lambda = 687 nm and substantial increase in spectrum acquisition rates compared to implementations of FS-CRDS that do not incorporate high-bandwidth locking techniques. The minimum detectable absorption coefficient and the noise-equivalent absorption coefficient for the spectrometer are about 2 x 10(-10) cm(-1) and 7.5 x 10(-11) cm(-1)Hz(-1/2), respectively. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3595680] C1 [Cygan, A.; Lisak, D.; Maslowski, P.; Bielska, K.; Wojtewicz, S.; Domyslawska, J.; Trawinski, R. S.; Ciurylo, R.] Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Abe, H.] AIST, Natl Metrol Inst Japan NMIJ, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. [Hodges, J. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cygan, A (reprint author), Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, Ul Grudziadzka 5-7, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Cygan, Agata/E-1393-2014; Lisak, Daniel/E-1470-2014; Trawinski, Ryszard /G-3523-2014; Bielska, Katarzyna/G-4532-2014; Ciurylo, Roman/G-8680-2014; Maslowski, Piotr/H-4476-2014; Domyslawska, Jolanta/H-7167-2014; Wojtewicz, Szymon/A-5425-2015; Abe, Hisashi/J-4129-2015 OI Maslowski, Piotr/0000-0001-8882-7106; Abe, Hisashi/0000-0002-1473-0659 FU Polish MNISW [N N202 1255 35, N N202 1489 33]; NIST FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Tetsuya Ido for valuable discussions about PDH lock technique. The research is part of the program of the National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland and supported by the Polish MNISW Projects Nos. N N202 1255 35 and N N202 1489 33. Joseph T. Hodges also acknowledges the support of the NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements Program. NR 55 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 6 U2 53 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 82 IS 6 AR 063107 DI 10.1063/1.3595680 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 786US UT WOS:000292334000008 PM 21721674 ER PT J AU Eller, ASD Sekimoto, K Gilman, JB Kuster, WC de Gouw, JA Monson, RK Graus, M Crespo, E Warneke, C Fall, R AF Eller, A. S. D. Sekimoto, K. Gilman, J. B. Kuster, W. C. de Gouw, J. A. Monson, R. K. Graus, M. Crespo, E. Warneke, C. Fall, R. TI Volatile organic compound emissions from switchgrass cultivars used as biofuel crops SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Volatile organic compounds; Biofuel; Switchgrass; Panicum virgatum ID CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GRASSLAND; FLUXES; HYDROCARBONS; MONOTERPENE; ISOPRENE; METHANOL; PLANTS; RATES AB Volatile organic compound (VOC) emission rates during the growth and simulated harvest phases were determined for switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) using laboratory chamber measurements. Switchgrass is a candidate for use in second-generation (cellulosic) biofuel production and the acreage dedicated to its growth in the USA has already increased during the past decade. We estimate that the yearly emissions from switchgrass plantations, including both the growth and harvest phases will be on the order of 3 kg C ha(-1) methanol, 1 kg C ha(-1) acetaldehyde, 1 kg C ha(-1) acetone, 0.9 kg C ha(-1) monoterpenes, 0.5 kg C ha(-1) isoprene + another compound, most likely 1-penten-3-ol, 0.2 kg C ha(-1) hexenals, and 0.1 kg C ha(-1) hexenols. These emission rates are much lower than those expected from Eucalyptus or poplar plantations, which are other potential biofuel crops and have significantly higher VOC emissions, suggesting that the choice of species in the production of biofuels could have serious implications for regional air quality. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Eller, A. S. D.; Gilman, J. B.; de Gouw, J. A.; Monson, R. K.; Graus, M.; Warneke, C.; Fall, R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sekimoto, K.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Gilman, J. B.; Kuster, W. C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Graus, M.; Warneke, C.] NOAA, ESRL, CSD, Boulder, CO USA. [Monson, R. K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Crespo, E.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Life Sci Trace Gas Facil, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Eller, ASD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Ramaley N122, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ase3@cornell.edu RI Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Eller, Allyson/I-7021-2012; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010 OI Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Eller, Allyson/0000-0003-3125-5658; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242 FU USDA [2009-35112-05217]; NOAA; Cooperative Institute for Environmental Sciences FX This work was funded by the USDA grant (2009-35112-05217) and the Climate Change and Air Quality programs of NOAA supported some of the laboratory work. Additional funding was provided by the Cooperative Institute for Environmental Sciences Visiting Fellows program. We thank Kyle Ward for assistance in growing the grasses described here, and the Manhattan Kansas, Plant Material Center (USDA) for providing switchgrass seed varieties. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 45 IS 19 BP 3333 EP 3337 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.03.042 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 778PF UT WOS:000291715900014 ER PT J AU Cheng, G Liu, ZL Murton, JK Jablin, M Dubey, M Majewski, J Halbert, C Browning, J Ankner, J Akgun, B Wang, C Esker, AR Sale, KL Simmons, BA Kent, MS AF Cheng, Gang Liu, Zelin Murton, Jaclyn K. Jablin, Michael Dubey, Manish Majewski, Jaroslaw Halbert, Candice Browning, James Ankner, John Akgun, Bulent Wang, Chao Esker, Alan R. Sale, Kenneth L. Simmons, Blake A. Kent, Michael S. TI Neutron Reflectometry and QCM-D Study of the Interaction of Cellulases with Films of Amorphous Cellulose SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; IONIC LIQUID PRETREATMENT; POLYMER-FILMS; KINETICS; THERMODYNAMICS; HYDROLYSIS; INTERFACES; HYDRATION; SURFACES; WATER AB Improving the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is one of the key technological hurdles to reduce the cost of producing ethanol and other transportation fuels from lignocellulosic material. A better understanding of how soluble enzymes interact with insoluble cellulose will aid in the design of more efficient enzyme systems. We report a study involving neutron reflectometry (NR) and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) of the interaction of a fungal enzyme extract (T. viride) and an endoglu-canse from A. niger with amorphous cellulose films. The use of amorphous cellulose is motivated by that the fact that several biomass pretreatments currently under investigation disrupt the native crystalline structure of cellulose and increase the amorphous content. NR reveals the profile of water through the film at nanometer resolution and is highly sensitive to interfacial roughness, whereas QCM-D provides changes in mass and film stiffness. NR can be performed using either H2O- or D2O-based aqueous reservoirs. NR measurement of swelling of a cellulose film in D2O and in H2O revealed that D/H exchange on the cellulose chains must be taken into account when a D2O-based reservoir is used. The results also show that cellulose films swell slightly more in D2O than in H2O. Regarding enzymatic digestion, at 20 degrees C in H2O buffer the T. viride cocktail rapidly digested the entire film, initially roughening the surface, followed by penetration and activity throughout the bulk of the film. In contrast, over the same time period, the endoglucanase was active mainly at the surface of the film and did not increase the surface roughness. C1 [Cheng, Gang; Sale, Kenneth L.; Simmons, Blake A.; Kent, Michael S.] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA USA. [Cheng, Gang; Murton, Jaclyn K.; Sale, Kenneth L.; Simmons, Blake A.; Kent, Michael S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. [Cheng, Gang; Murton, Jaclyn K.; Sale, Kenneth L.; Simmons, Blake A.; Kent, Michael S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Liu, Zelin; Wang, Chao; Esker, Alan R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Jablin, Michael; Dubey, Manish; Majewski, Jaroslaw] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Halbert, Candice; Browning, James; Ankner, John] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Akgun, Bulent] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kent, MS (reprint author), Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA USA. RI Dubey, Manish/C-9946-2011; Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Ankner, John/0000-0002-6737-5718; Simmons, Blake/0000-0002-1332-1810 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396, DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Sandia Corporation [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001090] FX This work was part of the DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute (http://www.jbei.org) supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, through contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the U.S. Department of Energy. The research at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center and the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under DOE contracts DE-AC52-06NA25396 and DE-AC05-00OR22725. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the research facilities at NCNR. A.R.E., Z.L., and C. W. were supported as part of the Center for LignoCellulose Structure and Formation, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under award number DE-SC0001090. We wish to thank Frank Heinrich for providing the code used to perform the Monte Carlo resampling procedure in the analysis of the NR data. NR 36 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 EI 1526-4602 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD JUN PY 2011 VL 12 IS 6 BP 2216 EP 2224 DI 10.1021/bm200305u PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 775YQ UT WOS:000291499900031 PM 21553874 ER PT J AU Schwartz, A AF Schwartz, Ari TI Identity Management and Privacy: A Rare Opportunity To Get It Right SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Schwartz, A (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM ari.schwartz@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD JUN PY 2011 VL 54 IS 6 BP 22 EP 24 DI 10.1145/1953122.1953134 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 778FG UT WOS:000291687300013 ER PT J AU Uhrin, AV Kenworthy, WJ Fonseca, MS AF Uhrin, Amy V. Kenworthy, W. Judson Fonseca, Mark S. TI Understanding uncertainty in seagrass injury recovery: an information-theoretic approach SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary; Halodule: information-theoretics; seagrass gap dynamics; seagrass recovery; Syringodium; Thalassia; vessel groundings ID EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; SYRINGODIUM-FILIFORME; FLORIDA BAY; INTERTIDAL SEAGRASSES; GOPHER DISTURBANCE; HALODULE-WRIGHTII; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; ANNUAL GRASSLAND AB Vessel groundings cause severe, persistent gaps in seagrass beds. Varying degrees of natural recovery have been observed for grounding injuries, limiting recovery prediction capabilities, and therefore, management's ability to focus restoration efforts where natural recovery is unlikely. To improve our capacity for predicting seagrass injury recovery, we used an information-theoretic approach to evaluate the relative contribution of specific injury attributes to the natural recovery of 30 seagrass groundings in Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, Florida, USA. Injury recovery was defined by three response variables examined independently: (1) initiation of seagrass colonization, (2) areal contraction, and (3) sediment in-filling. We used a global model and all possible subsets for four predictor variables: (1) injury age, (2) original injury volume, (3) original injury perimeter-to-area ratio, and (4) wave energy. Successional processes were underway for many injuries with fast-growing, opportunistic seagrass species contributing most to colonization. The majority of groundings that exhibited natural seagrass colonization also exhibited areal contraction and sediment in-filling. Injuries demonstrating colonization, contraction, and in-filling were on average older and smaller, and they had larger initial perimeter-to-area ratios. Wave energy was highest for colonizing injuries. The information-theoretic approach was unable to select a single "best" model for any response variable. For colonization and contraction, injury age had the highest relative importance as a predictor variable; wave energy appeared to be associated with second-order effects, such as sediment in-filling, which in turn, facilitated seagrass colonization. For sediment in-filling, volume and perimeter-to-area ratio had similar relative importance as predictor variables with age playing a lesser role than seen for colonization and contraction. Our findings confirm that these injuries naturally initiate seagrass colonization with the potential to recover to pre-injury conditions, but likely on a decadal scale given the slow growth of the climax species (Thalassia testudinum), which is often the most severely injured. Our analysis supports current perceptions that sediment in-filling is critical to the recovery process and indicates that in order to stabilize injuries and facilitate seagrass recovery, managers should consider immediate restorative filling procedures for injuries having an original volume >14-16 m(3). C1 [Uhrin, Amy V.; Kenworthy, W. Judson; Fonseca, Mark S.] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Uhrin, AV (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM amy.uhrin@noaa.gov FU NOAA Damage Assessment Center; NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science FX This study was funded by the NOAA Damage Assessment Center, as well as additional direct support from the NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. We thank A. Farrer, K. Kirsch, and S. Meehan for their extensive assistance in relocating grounding sites. This work would not have been possible without additional field and technical support from M. Edson, G. Di Carlo, A. Farrer, J. Hackney, K. Kirsch, A. Malhotra, S. Meehan, G. Piniak, A. Simonti, and J. Vander Pluym. We benefited from discussions with P. Conn, G. Heinze, K. Kirsch, D. Krause-Jensen, P. Lukacs, S. Meehan, and M. Patetta. We thank J. Burke, P. Conn, D. Johnson, P. Lukacs, and P. Marraro for critiquing the manuscript, and two anonymous reviewers for their careful review and suggestions. NR 100 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 25 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 4 BP 1365 EP 1379 DI 10.1890/10-0761.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 776LE UT WOS:000291535500030 PM 21774436 ER PT J AU Bruno, TJ Lovestead, TM Riggs, JR Jorgenson, EL Huber, ML AF Bruno, Thomas J. Lovestead, Tara M. Riggs, Jennifer R. Jorgenson, Erica L. Huber, Marcia L. TI Comparison of Diesel Fuel Oxygenate Additives to the Composition-Explicit Distillation Curve Method. Part 1: Linear Compounds with One to Three Oxygens SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID DECREASED PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE; SURROGATE MIXTURE MODEL; ROCKET PROPELLANTS RP-1; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; EXHAUST EMISSIONS; BIODIESEL FUEL; AVIATION FUEL; PHYSICOCHEMICAL AUTHENTICITY; REFORMULATED FUELS AB There is a great deal of interest in formulating oxygenated diesel fuels that produce low particulate emissions. The most common oxygenate additives for diesel fuels include the glycol ethers, glycol esters, alcohols, ethers, and ketones. It is important to characterize the mixture properties of diesel fuel with oxygenate additives, to assess the degree of departure of the oxygenated fuels from the base fuel. One of the most important properties to use for this purpose is the volatility, as expressed by the distillation curve. We have recently introduced several important improvements in the measurement of distillation curves of complex fluids. The modifications to the classical measurement provide (1) a composition-explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for both qualitative, quantitative, and trace analysis), (2) temperature measurements that are true thermodynamic state points that can be modeled with an equation of state, (3) temperature, volume, and pressure measurements of low uncertainty suitable for equation of state development, (4) consistency with a century of historical data, (5) an assessment of the energy content of each distillate fraction, and (6) a corrosivity assessment of each distillate fraction. In this paper, we present measurements for dimethoxymethane, butyl methyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 2-methoxyethyl acetate, 2-ethoxyethyl acetate, and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether. We find that the more volatile additives cause significant early departures from the distillation curves of diesel fuel, while the less volatile additives act more to displace the entire curve. We also note that the additive affects the curve shape and temperature profile even after being totally depleted, an observation made in earlier studies of oxygenate additive mixtures. C1 [Bruno, Thomas J.; Lovestead, Tara M.; Riggs, Jennifer R.; Jorgenson, Erica L.; Huber, Marcia L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU NIST FX Tara M. Lovestead gratefully acknowledges a National Academy of Sciences (NAS)/National Research Council (NRC) postdoctoral associateship at NIST. Jennifer R. Riggs gratefully acknowledges a Professional Research Experiences Program (PREP) undergraduate fellowship at NIST. Erica L. Jorgenson gratefully acknowledges a Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) at NIST. NR 100 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUN PY 2011 VL 25 IS 6 BP 2493 EP 2507 DI 10.1021/ef2003415 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 778MT UT WOS:000291709200009 ER PT J AU Bruno, TJ Lovestead, TM Huber, ML Riggs, JR AF Bruno, Thomas J. Lovestead, Tara M. Huber, Marcia L. Riggs, Jennifer R. TI Comparison of Diesel Fuel Oxygenate Additives to the Composition-Explicit Distillation Curve Method. Part 2: Cyclic Compounds with One to Two Oxygens SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID DECREASED PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; MIXTURES; IMPROVEMENTS; GASOLINE AB There is a great deal of interest in formulating oxygenated diesel fuels that produce low particulate emissions. The most common oxygenating additives for diesel fuels include the glycol ethers, glycol esters, alcohols, ethers, and ketones. It is important to characterize the mixture properties of diesel fuel with oxygenate additives, to assess the degree of departure of the oxygenated fuels from the base fuel. In part 1 of this series (10.1021/ef2003415), we explored a series of linear oxygenating fluids with the advanced distillation curve method to assess the mixture volatility. Here, we apply that technique to a series of cyclic molecules: 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3-dioxane, cyclohexanone, and 2-cyclohexylethanol. We find that the more volatile additives cause significant early departures from the distillation curves of diesel fuel, while the less volatile additives act more to displace the entire curve. We also note that the additive affects the curve shape and temperature profile even after being totally depleted, an observation similar to that made in earlier studies of oxygenate additive mixtures. C1 [Bruno, Thomas J.; Lovestead, Tara M.; Huber, Marcia L.; Riggs, Jennifer R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU NIST FX Tara M. Lovestead gratefully acknowledges a National Academy of Sciences (NAS)/National Research Council (NRC) postdoctoral associateship at NIST. Jennifer R. Riggs gratefully acknowledges a Professional Research Experiences Program (PREP) undergraduate fellowship at NIST. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUN PY 2011 VL 25 IS 6 BP 2508 EP 2517 DI 10.1021/ef2003427 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 778MT UT WOS:000291709200010 ER PT J AU Lovestead, TM Bruno, TJ AF Lovestead, Tara M. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Comparison of Diesel Fuel Oxygenate Additives to the Composition-Explicit Distillation Curve Method. Part 3: t-Butyl Glycerols SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID DECREASED PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; TERT-BUTYL; IMPROVEMENTS; MIXTURES; BIODIESEL; ETHERS; DERIVATIVES; ENTHALPY; GASOLINE AB In this paper (the third in a series of papers on the properties of mixtures of diesel fuel with oxygenating additives), we present the application of the technique to mixtures of diesel fuel with the potential fuel additive t-butyl glycerol, which is a blend of mono-, di-, and triglycerol t-butyl ethers (GTBEs). These compounds are derived from glycerol, a byproduct of biodiesel fuel production. Four t-butyl glycerol blends were examined: blends 1 and 2 are mostly composed of di-GTBE; blend 3 is mostly composed of tri-GTBE; and blend 4 is mostly composed of mono-GTBE. We found that blend 4 was not soluble in diesel fuel at room temperature at concentrations above 3% (vol/vol), and thus, no reliable measurement could be made with this blend additive. We present the results for the initial boiling behavior and the distillation curve temperatures and track the di- and tri-GTBEs throughout the distillations. These data will aid in determining the suitability of these types of compounds as oxygenate additives and fuel extenders for diesel fuel. C1 [Lovestead, Tara M.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU National Academy of Sciences (NAS)/National Research Council (NRC) at NIST FX Tara M. Lovestead gratefully acknowledges a National Academy of Sciences (NAS)/National Research Council (NRC) postdoctoral fellowships at NIST. We gratefully acknowledge our colleague, Dr. Jason A. Widegren of NIST, for performing the Karl Fischer analyses on the blends. We gratefully acknowledge Edward Barsa and Beth Steinmetz at LyondellBassell for the t-butyl glycerol blends 1-4. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUN PY 2011 VL 25 IS 6 BP 2518 EP 2525 DI 10.1021/ef200343a PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 778MT UT WOS:000291709200011 ER PT J AU Bruno, TJ Windom, BC AF Bruno, Thomas J. Windom, Bret C. TI Method and Apparatus for the Thermal Stress of Complex Fluids: Application to Fuels SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID ADVANCED DISTILLATION CURVE; C-10-C-14 NORMAL-ALKANES; SURROGATE MIXTURE MODEL; ROCKET PROPELLANTS RP-1; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; DECOMPOSITION KINETICS; AVIATION FUEL; JET FUEL; PHYSICOCHEMICAL AUTHENTICITY; PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION AB In this brief article we describe a simple apparatus that can produce sufficient quantities of thermally stressed complex fluids (such as fuels) to allow a full range of thermophysical property measurements to be performed on the resulting fluid. The apparatus operates in a continuous rather than batch mode, and consists of a high pressure pump, a reactor section, a quench, and a collection vessel. The apparatus is capable of operation to 55 MPa, 600 degrees C, with residence periods that are chosen on the basis of a wide range of fluid flow rates. Automation of the temperature and pressure control allows for safe, unattended operation. We have used this apparatus to generate thermally stressed rocket kerosene (RP-1 and RP-2) at 475 and 510 degrees C, and at a pressure of 17 MPa. We have verified that the thermally stressed fluid is comparable in composition to fluids that result from careful thermal decomposition kinetics measurements that are done in ampule reactors. C1 [Bruno, Thomas J.; Windom, Bret C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU Air Force Research Laboratory [MIPR-F1SBAA0138G001] FX The financial support of the Air Force Research Laboratory (MIPR-F1SBAA0138G001) is gratefully acknowledged. B.C.W. gratefully acknowledges a National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship. NR 77 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUN PY 2011 VL 25 IS 6 BP 2625 EP 2632 DI 10.1021/ef2004738 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 778MT UT WOS:000291709200024 ER PT J AU Holland, DS AF Holland, Daniel S. TI Planning for changing productivity and catchability in the Maine lobster fishery SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lobster; Fishery management; Economics; Optimal; Production function; Recruitment ID HOMARUS-AMERICANUS POPULATIONS AB Catches and biomass in the Maine lobster fishery have been at record levels in recent years despite sustained high exploitation rates. The fishery is almost completely based on lobsters just molting to legal size each year and thus is vulnerable to changes in environmental or ecological conditions that reduce recruitment.! use a bioeconomic model of the fishery that incorporates an empirically estimated vessel-level production function to evaluate how a reduction in recruitment might affect profitability and optimal effort levels relative to recent years. While large reductions in effort would almost certainly be required to maintain fishery profitability, the degree of effort reduction and the optimal seasonal distribution of effort and catch are sensitive to the time series of data used to estimate the production function. Because of the unidirectional upward trend in recruitment and catches, it is unclear whether changes in the production function are due to technological innovation or ecological change. However, the answer has important implications for the level of effort the fishery may be able to profitably support in the future. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Holland, DS (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Dan.holland@noaa.gov OI Holland, Daniel/0000-0002-4493-859X FU National Science Foundation [0709527] FX This work was done partly while I was a Research Scientist with the Gulf of Maine Research Institute. Funding for this research from the National Science Foundation, Coupled Natural and Human Systems Program, Award# 0709527. I would like to thank Rich Ryan who contributed to an early version of this model and Yong Chen, Jui-Han Chang and Carl Wilson for providing the data necessary to estimate the production function. I would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers and the associate editor for comments that led to improvements of this paper. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 110 IS 1 BP 47 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.03.011 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 780FB UT WOS:000291838800006 ER PT J AU Kotwicki, S Martin, MH Laman, EA AF Kotwicki, Stan Martin, Michael H. Laman, Edward A. TI Improving area swept estimates from bottom trawl surveys SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Area swept; Bottom trawl survey; Distance fished; Net width; Sequential outlier rejection ID RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; CATCHABILITY; ERROR; INDEXES AB Estimation of area swept is a key component for standardizing catch per unit effort (CPUE) data from fishery independent bottom trawl surveys and survey trawl gear experiments. Given technological advances and the proliferation of data streams from net mensuration equipment and global positioning system (GPS), techniques for estimating survey effort can be improved. Here we investigate new analytical techniques for improving the accuracy and precision of survey effort estimation. Sources of error and bias associated with two of the components used to compute area swept as a measure of fishing effort, distance fished by the trawl and net spread, are systematically examined and their influence quantified using both simulated and survey data. New analytical methods, a cubic spline smoothing algorithm to smooth GPS and net spread data, a haversine great circle algorithm to calculate distance between smoothed GPS track points, and a sequential outlier rejection algorithm to diminish the influence of noise on mean net spread estimates are shown to reduce or even eliminate the influence of biased observations on area swept estimators. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kotwicki, Stan; Martin, Michael H.; Laman, Edward A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kotwicki, S (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM stan.kotwicki@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 110 IS 1 BP 198 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.04.007 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 780FB UT WOS:000291838800023 ER PT J AU Lenahan, PM Campbell, JP Krishnan, AT Krishnan, S AF Lenahan, Patrick M. Campbell, Jason P. Krishnan, Anand T. Krishnan, Srikanth TI A Model for NBTI in Nitrided Oxide MOSFETs Which Does Not Involve Hydrogen or Diffusion SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE Interface traps; negative bias temperature instability (NBTI); oxide traps ID BIAS TEMPERATURE INSTABILITY; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; ATOMIC-SCALE DEFECTS; SILICON-NITRIDE; INTERFACE; CENTERS; SIO2; RELIABILITY AB The negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) is, arguably, the single most important reliability problem in present day metal-oxide-silicon field-effect transistor (MOSFET) technology. This paper presents a model for the NBTI which is radically different from the quite widely utilized reaction diffusion models which dominate the current day NBTI literature. The proposed model is relevant to technologically important nitrided oxide pMOSFETs. The model is clearly not, at least in its entirety, relevant to pure silicon dioxide gate pMOSFETs. The reaction diffusion models involve hydrogen/silicon bond breaking events at the silicon/silicon dioxide interface initiated by the presence of an interface hole, followed by the diffusion of a hydrogenic species from the interface as well as the potential rebonding of hydrogen and interface trap defect centers. This model does not invoke hydrogen in any form whatsoever but does simply account for the observed NBTI power law response with a reasonable, at least very plausible, assumption about defect distribution and provides a reasonably accurate value for this exponent. (Without making any assumption about defect distribution, the model still provides a time response semiquantitatively consistent with the observations, reasonable agreement considering the simplifying assumptions in the calculations.) The model also provides a reasonable explanation for the recovery which includes a simple explanation for the extremely rapid rate of recovery at short times. In addition, the model provides a very simple explanation why the introduction of nitrogen greatly enhances the NBTI. The model, as presented in this paper, should be viewed as a first-order approximation; it contains several simplifying assumptions. Finally, the model is consistent with recent electron paramagnetic resonance studies of NBTI defect chemistry in nitrided oxide pMOSFETs. C1 [Lenahan, Patrick M.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Campbell, Jason P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krishnan, Anand T.; Krishnan, Srikanth] Texas Instruments Inc, Dallas, TX 75343 USA. RP Lenahan, PM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM pmlesm@engr.psu.edu FU Semiconductor Research Corporation under Texas FX This work was supported by the Semiconductor Research Corporation under Texas Instruments Custom Funding. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-4388 J9 IEEE T DEVICE MAT RE JI IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 11 IS 2 BP 219 EP 226 DI 10.1109/TDMR.2010.2063031 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 779ZE UT WOS:000291819900002 ER PT J AU Southwick, RG Sup, A Jain, A Knowlton, WB AF Southwick, Richard G., III Sup, Aaron Jain, Amit Knowlton, William B. TI An Interactive Simulation Tool for Complex Multilayer Dielectric Devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE Energy band; high-kappa dielectric; metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices; simulation ID FLASH MEMORY; SILICON DIOXIDE; CHARGE STORAGE; HOLE INJECTION; OXIDE; EMISSION; ALUMINUM; SONOS AB Novel devices incorporating multiple layers of new materials increase the complexity of device structures, particularly in field-effect transistors, capacitors, and nonvolatile memory (NVM). The mounting complexity of these devices increases the difficulty of generating energy band diagrams and performing device parameter calculations whether these calculations are done by hand, using spreadsheets, or via mathematical programs. Although finite-element Poisson-Schrodinger equation solvers are available to perform the calculations, the cost and time spent learning them can be a hindrance. A straightforward GUI interactive simulation tool is presented that quickly calculates and displays energy bands, electric fields, potentials, and charge distributions for 1-D metal-multilayered-dielectrics-semiconductor stacks. Fixed charge can be inserted into dielectric layers. The freeware program calculates device parameters, (e. g., effective oxide thickness, flat-band voltage (V(FB)), threshold voltage (V(t)), stack capacitance) and layer parameters (e. g., capacitance, potential, electric field, tunneling distance). Calculated data can be exported. Using the simulation tool, trap-based flash NVM is examined. Device performance characteristics such as the V(t) and V(FB) shifts of three different stacks are examined. Comparisons between the program and a finite-element Poisson-Schrodinger equation solver are performed to validate the program's accuracy. C1 [Sup, Aaron] Boise State Univ, Dept Phys, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Jain, Amit] Boise State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Knowlton, William B.] Boise State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Knowlton, William B.] Boise State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Southwick, RG (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Richard.Southwick@nist.gov; AaronSup@u.boisestate.edu; amit@cs.boisestate.edu; bknowlton@boisestate.edu FU Idaho SBoE-HERC; Micron Ph.D. Fellowship FX This work is supported in part by the Idaho SBoE-HERC and the Micron Ph.D. Fellowship. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-4388 J9 IEEE T DEVICE MAT RE JI IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 11 IS 2 BP 236 EP 243 DI 10.1109/TDMR.2011.2129593 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 779ZE UT WOS:000291819900004 ER PT J AU Furtado, JC Di Lorenzo, E Schneider, N Bond, NA AF Furtado, Jason C. Di Lorenzo, Emanuele Schneider, Niklas Bond, Nicholas A. TI North Pacific Decadal Variability and Climate Change in the IPCC AR4 Models SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; LEVEL PRESSURE ANOMALIES; EL-NINO; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE; STORM TRACKS; OCEAN; ENSO; OSCILLATION; WINTER AB The two leading modes of North Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level pressure (SLP), as well as their connections to tropical variability, are explored in the 24 coupled climate models used in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) to evaluate North Pacific decadal variability (NPDV) in the past [twentieth century; climate of the twentieth century (20C3M) scenario] and future [twenty-first century; Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario] climate. Results indicate that the two dominant modes of North Pacific oceanic variability, the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), do not exhibit significant changes in their spatial and temporal characteristics under greenhouse warming. However, the ability of the models to capture the dynamics associated with the leading North Pacific oceanic modes, including their link to the corresponding atmospheric forcing patterns and to tropical variability, is questionable. The temporal and spatial statistics of the North Pacific Ocean modes exhibit significant discrepancies from observations in their twentieth-century climate, most visibly for the second mode, which has significantly more low-frequency power and higher variance than in observations. The dynamical coupling between the North Pacific Ocean and atmosphere modes evident in the observations is very strong in the models for the first atmosphere-ocean coupled mode, which represents covariability of the PDO pattern with the Aleutian low (AL). However, the link for the second atmosphere-ocean coupled mode, describing covariability of an NPGO-like SST pattern with the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO), is not as clearly reproduced, with some models showing no relationship between the two. Exploring the tropical Pacific-North Pacific teleconnections reveals more issues with the models. In contrast with observations, the atmospheric teleconnection excited by the El Nino-Southern Oscillation in the models does not project strongly on the AL-PDO coupled mode because of the displacement of the center of action of the AL in most models. Moreover, most models fail to show the observational connection between El Nino Modoki-central Pacific warming and NPO variability in the North Pacific. In fact, the atmospheric teleconnections associated with El Nino Modoki in some models have a significant projection on, and excite the AL-PDO coupled mode instead. Because of the known links between tropical Pacific variability and NPDV, these analyses demonstrate that focus on the North Pacific variability of climate models in isolation from tropical dynamics is likely to lead to an incomplete view, and inadequate prediction, of NPDV. C1 [Furtado, Jason C.; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Schneider, Niklas] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bond, Nicholas A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Furtado, JC (reprint author), Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, 131 Hartwell Ave, Lexington, MA 01821 USA. EM jfurtado@aer.com RI Furtado, Jason/A-3459-2015; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/E-9107-2012 OI Furtado, Jason/0000-0001-6580-2109; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/0000-0002-1935-7363 FU National Science Foundation for Pacific Boundary and Ecosystems Climate Study [OCE-0815280]; Department of Energy on Pacific Climate Change FX This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation for Pacific Boundary and Ecosystems Climate Study (http://www.pobex.org; Grant OCE-0815280) and from the Department of Energy on Pacific Climate Change. The authors would also like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. The authors also acknowledge the various modeling groups for making their simulations available for analysis, as well as the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) for collecting and archiving the CMIP3/IPCC AR4 model output. NR 53 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 24 IS 12 BP 3049 EP 3067 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3584.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 777AT UT WOS:000291585800009 ER PT J AU Tamura, Y Ishizuka, O Stern, RJ Shukuno, H Kawabata, H Embley, RW Hirahara, Y Chang, Q Kimura, JI Tatsumi, Y Nunokawa, A Bloomer, SH AF Tamura, Y. Ishizuka, O. Stern, R. J. Shukuno, H. Kawabata, H. Embley, R. W. Hirahara, Y. Chang, Q. Kimura, J. -I. Tatsumi, Y. Nunokawa, A. Bloomer, S. H. TI Two Primary Basalt Magma Types from Northwest Rota-1 Volcano, Mariana Arc and its Mantle Diapir or Mantle Wedge Plume SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE arc volcano; primary magma; mantle wedge; subduction zone; magma genesis; hydrous melting; dry melting ID IZU-BONIN ARC; SMALL-SCALE CONVECTION; SUBDUCTION ZONES; BACK-ARC; PERIDOTITE XENOLITHS; ISLAND-ARC; SUBMARINE VOLCANO; INTRAOCEANIC ARC; WESTERN PACIFIC; AVACHA VOLCANO AB Primitive basalts are rarely found in arcs. The active NW Rota-1 volcano in the Mariana arc has erupted near-primitive lavas, which we have sampled with ROV Hyper-Dolphin (HPD). Samples from the summit (HPD480) and eastern flank (HPD488) include 17 magnesian basalts (51-52 wt % SiO2) with 7 center dot 5-9 center dot 5 wt % MgO and Mg-number of 61-67, indicating little fractionation. Olivine phenocrysts are as magnesian as Fo(93) and contain 0 center dot 4 wt % NiO; the Cr/(Cr + Al) values of spinels are mostly 0 center dot 5-0 center dot 8, indicating equilibrium with depleted mantle. There are three petrographic groups, based on phenocryst populations: (1) cpx-olivine basalt (COB); (2) plagioclase-olivine basalt (POB); (3) porphyritic basalt. Zr/Y and Nb/Yb are higher in POB (3 center dot 1-3 center dot 2 and 1 center dot 2-1 center dot 5, respectively) than in COB (Zr/Y = 2 center dot 8-3 center dot 0 and Nb/Yb = 0 center dot 7-0 center dot 9), suggesting that POB formed from lower degrees of mantle melting, or that the COB mantle source was more depleted. On the other hand, COB have Ba/Nb (70-80) and Th/Nb (0 center dot 4-0 center dot 5) that are higher than for POB (Ba/Nb = 30-35 and Th/Nb = 0 center dot 1-0 center dot 2), and also have steeper light rare earth element (LREE)-enriched patterns. Moreover, COB have enriched Sr-87/Sr-86 and Nd-143/Nd-144, and higher Pb isotope values, suggesting that COB has a greater subduction component than POB. Hf-176/Hf-177 between COB and POB are similar and Hf behavior in COB and POB is similar to that of Zr, Y and HREE, suggesting that Hf is not included in the subduction component, which produced the differences between COB and POB. The calculated primary basaltic magmas of NW Rota-1 volcano (primary COB and POB magmas) indicate segregation pressures of 2-1 center dot 5 GPa (equivalent to 65-50 km depth). These magmas formed by 24-18% melting of mantle peridotite having Mg-number similar to 89 center dot 5. Diapiric ascent of hydrous peridotite mixed heterogeneously with sediment melts may be responsible for the NW Rota-1 basalts. These two basalt magma types are similar to those found at Sumisu and Torishima volcanoes in the Izu-Bonin arc, with COB representing wetter and POB representing drier magmas, where subduction zone-derived melt components are coupled with the water contents. C1 [Tamura, Y.; Shukuno, H.; Kawabata, H.; Hirahara, Y.; Chang, Q.; Kimura, J. -I.; Tatsumi, Y.; Nunokawa, A.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Res Earth Evolut, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Ishizuka, O.] Geol Survey Japan AIST, Inst Geosci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. [Stern, R. J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Geosci, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Embley, R. W.] NOAA PMEL, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Bloomer, S. H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Tamura, Y (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Res Earth Evolut, 2-15 Natsushimacho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. EM tamuray@jamstec.go.jp FU JSPS [17340165, 23340166, 22540473]; [19GS0211]; [0540124]; [0827817] FX This work was supported in part by the JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) 17340165 and 23340166 to Tamura, (C) 22540473 to Ishizuka and Grant-in-Aid for Creative Scientific Research 19GS0211 to Tatsumi. Samples were collected during JAMSTEC cruises (NT05-17 and NT09-02). Participation of Stern and Bloomer in the cruises was made possible by NSF grants 0540124 and 0827817 to R.J.S. NR 86 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 EI 1460-2415 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1143 EP 1183 DI 10.1093/petrology/egr022 PG 41 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 778XE UT WOS:000291741900004 ER PT J AU Voronovich, AG Ostashev, VE Colosi, JA AF Voronovich, Alexander G. Ostashev, Vladimir E. Colosi, John A. TI Temporal coherence of acoustic signals in a fluctuating ocean SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NORMAL-MODE AMPLITUDES; SOUND; PROPAGATION; STATISTICS; INTENSITY; FIELD AB Temporal coherence of acoustic signals propagating in a fluctuating ocean is important for many practical applications and has been studied intensively experimentally. However, only a few theoretical formulations of temporal coherence exist. In the present paper, a three-dimensional (3D) modal theory of sound propagation in a fluctuating ocean is used to derive closed-form equations for the spatial-temporal coherence function of a broadband signal. The theory is applied to the analysis of the temporal coherence of a monochromatic signal propagating in an ocean perturbed by linear internal waves obeying the Garrett-Munk (G-M) spectral model. In particular, the temporal coherence function is calculated for propagation ranges up to 10 4 km and for five sound frequencies: 12, 25, 50, 75, and 100 Hz. Then, the dependence of the coherence time (i.e., the value of the time lag at which the temporal coherence decreases by a factor of e) on range and frequency is studied. The results obtained are compared with experimental data and predictions of the path-integral theory. (C) 2011 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3533726] C1 [Voronovich, Alexander G.; Ostashev, Vladimir E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Colosi, John A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ostashev, VE (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM vladimir.ostashev@noaa.gov FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 129 IS 6 BP 3590 EP 3597 DI 10.1121/1.3533726 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 778SW UT WOS:000291727000030 PM 21682384 ER PT J AU Mellinger, DK Martin, SW Morrissey, RP Thomas, L Yosco, JJ AF Mellinger, David K. Martin, Stephen W. Morrissey, Ronald P. Thomas, Len Yosco, James J. TI A method for detecting whistles, moans, and other frequency contour sounds SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; SIGNATURE WHISTLES; WHALES AB An algorithm is presented for the detection of frequency contour sounds-whistles of dolphins and many other odontocetes, moans of baleen whales, chirps of birds, and numerous other animal and non-animal sounds. The algorithm works by tracking spectral peaks over time, grouping together peaks in successive time slices in a spectrogram if the peaks are sufficiently near in frequency and form a smooth contour over time. The algorithm has nine parameters, including the ones needed for spectrogram calculation and normalization. Finding optimal values for all of these parameters simultaneously requires a search of parameter space, and a grid search technique is described. The frequency contour detection method and parameter optimization technique are applied to the problem of detecting "boing" sounds of minke whales from near Hawaii. The test data set contained many humpback whale sounds in the frequency range of interest. Detection performance is quantified, and the method is found to work well at detecting boings, with a false-detection rate of 3% for the target missed-call rate of 25%. It has also worked well anecdotally for other marine and some terrestrial species, and could be applied to any species that produces a frequency contour, or to non-animal sounds as well. (C) 2011 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3531926] C1 [Mellinger, David K.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Mellinger, David K.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Martin, Stephen W.] Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Morrissey, Ronald P.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Thomas, Len] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Yosco, James J.] SAIC Inc, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. RP Mellinger, DK (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM David.Mellinger@oregonstate.edu OI Thomas, Len/0000-0002-7436-067X FU National Oceanographic Partnership Program [2007-0145-002]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-03-1-0099, N00014-03-1-0735]; Naval Postgraduate School [N00244-08-1-0029, N00244-09-1-0079, N00244-10-1-0047] FX This research was undertaken as part of the DECAF (Density Estimation for Cetaceans from Acoustic Fixed sensors) project, which was supported by National Oceanographic Partnership Program (Grant No. 2007-0145-002). It was also supported by Office of Naval Research grants (Grant Nos. N00014-03-1-0099 and N00014-03-1-0735); and by Naval Postgraduate School grants (Grant Nos. N00244-08-1-0029, N00244-09-1-0079, and N00244-10-1-0047). The support of Jim Hager, Eliseo Bolosan, and Robin Higuchi at the Pacific Missile Range Facility in collection of the boing data is greatly appreciated. This is Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory contribution #3522. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 16 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 129 IS 6 BP 4055 EP 4061 DI 10.1121/1.3531926 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 778SW UT WOS:000291727000072 PM 21682426 ER PT J AU Gao, ST Li, XF AF Gao, Shouting Li, Xiaofan TI Effects of time-dependent large-scale forcing, solar zenith angle, and sea surface temperature on time-mean rainfall: a partitioning analysis based on surface rainfall budget SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEEP CONVECTIVE REGIME; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; RADIATION; MESOSCALE; CLOUDS; WATER; PARAMETERIZATION AB Effects of time-dependent large-scale forcing, solar zenith angle, and sea surface temperature on time-mean rainfall during the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) are examined through a partitioning analysis of a series of sensitivity cloud-resolving model experiment data based on surface rainfall budget. The model is forced by time-dependent large-scale forcing (LSF), solar zenith angle (SZA), and sea surface temperature (SST) in the control experiment and is forced only by either time-dependent LSF, SZA, or SST while others are replaced with their time averages in the sensitivity experiments. The rainfall associated with water vapor divergence and local atmospheric drying and hydrometeor loss/convergence has the largest contribution to total rainfall among eight rainfall types. The largest rainfall contribution is increased in the simulations where either time-dependent LSF, SZA, or SST is replaced with its average, whereas it is decreased in the simulation where COARE-derived large-scale vertical velocity is replaced with zero vertical velocity. The contribution of the rainfall associated with water vapor convergence to total rainfall is decreased in the simulations with time-mean LSF, SZA, and SST, whereas it is increased in the simulation without large-scale vertical velocity. C1 [Gao, Shouting] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Gao, ST (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM gst@lasg.iap.ac.cn RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 FU National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China [2009CB421505]; National Natural Sciences Foundation of China [40930950, 41075043] FX The authors thank Prof. M. Zhang, the State University of New York at Stony brook, for his TOGA COARE forcing data and the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This work was supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China No. 2009CB421505, the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China under the Grant No. 40930950 and 41075043. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 113 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1007/s00703-011-0139-7 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 778ZQ UT WOS:000291748300001 ER PT J AU Wang, HJ Yu, ET Yang, S AF Wang, Huijun Yu, Entao Yang, Song TI An exceptionally heavy snowfall in Northeast china: large-scale circulation anomalies and hindcast of the NCAR WRF model SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; WINTER MONSOON; UNITED-STATES; EAST-ASIA; SIMULATION AB In Northeast China (NEC), snowfalls usually occur during winter and early spring, from mid-October to late March, and strong snowfalls rarely occur in middle spring. During 12-13 April 2010, an exceptionally strong snowfall occurred in NEC, with 26.8 mm of accumulated water-equivalent snow over Harbin, the capital of the most eastern province in NEC. In this study, the major features of the snowfall and associated large-scale circulation and the predictability of the snowfall are analyzed using both observations and models. The Siberia High intensified and shifted southeastward from 10 days before the snowfall, resulting in intensifying the low-pressure system over NEC and strengthening the East Asian Trough during 12-13 April. Therefore, large convergence of water vapor and strong rising motion appeared over eastern NEC, resulting in heavy snowfall. Hindcast experiments were carried out using the NCAR Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in a two-way nesting approach, forced by NCEP Global Forecast System data sets. Many observed features including the large-scale and regional circulation anomalies and snowfall amount can be reproduced reasonably well, suggesting the feasibility of the WRF model in forecasting extreme weather events over NEC. A quantitative analysis also shows that the nested NEC domain simulation is even better than mother domain simulation in simulating the snowfall amount and spatial distribution, and that both simulations are more skillful than the NCEP Global Forecast System output. The forecast result from the nested forecast system is very promising for an operational purpose. C1 [Wang, Huijun; Yu, Entao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Nansen Zhu Int Res Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Huijun; Yu, Entao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Climate Change Res Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Yu, Entao] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Yang, Song] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Wang, HJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Nansen Zhu Int Res Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM wanghj@mail.iap.ac.cn RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009 FU Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) [2009CB421406]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-Q1-02]; Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) [GYHY200906018]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40821092] FX This research was supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) under Grant No. 2009CB421406, the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant KZCX2-YW-Q1-02, Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) (GYHY200906018) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 40821092. Our thanks are due to Prof. Lijuan Chen of the National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, for her assistance in using the station data set for Northeast China. NR 26 TC 34 Z9 53 U1 6 U2 26 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 113 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 25 DI 10.1007/s00703-011-0147-7 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 778ZQ UT WOS:000291748300002 ER PT J AU Green, K Tukman, M Finkbeiner, M AF Green, Kass Tukman, Mark Finkbeiner, Mark TI Comparison of DMC, Ultra Cam, and ADS40 Imagery for Benthic Habitat and Propeller Scar Mapping SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB This article compares the use of ADS40-52, DMC, and ULTRA-CAMD digital airborne camera imagery for mapping benthic habitat and identifying boat propeller scars in seagrass habitats. The three image data sets were collected over Redfish Bay, Texas on the same day, under almost identical environmental conditions. Next, the data sets were compared to each another using a variety of criteria. Finally, automated methods were used to create maps of propeller scars and the accuracy of each map was analyzed. Significant findings include Digital airborne ADS40-52. DMC, and ULTRACAM imagery can be used to effectively map benthic habitat and propeller scars. Imagery from the DMC and ADS40-52 had the highest spatial accuracy. Spectral separatability of benthic habitat class and propeller scars is best in the DMC and the ADS40-52 imagery. The accuracy of propeller scar maps was highest for maps produced from the ADS40-52 data. C1 [Green, Kass] Kass Green & Associates, Berkeley, CA 94708 USA. [Tukman, Mark] Tukman Geospatial, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. [Finkbeiner, Mark] NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. RP Green, K (reprint author), Kass Green & Associates, 1101 High Court, Berkeley, CA 94708 USA. EM kassgreen@earthlink.net NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 77 IS 6 BP 589 EP 599 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 779DP UT WOS:000291758600004 ER PT J AU Tan, JN Brewer, SM Guise, ND AF Tan, Joseph N. Brewer, Samuel M. Guise, Nicholas D. TI Experimental efforts at NIST towards one-electron ions in circular Rydberg states SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions, HCI2010 CY AUG 29-SEP 03, 2010 CL Fudan Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Fudan Univ ID CONSTANTS AB Experimental effort is underway at NIST to enable tests of theory with one-electron ions synthesized in circular Rydberg states from captured bare nuclei. Problematic effects that limit the accuracy of predicted energy levels for low-lying states are vanishingly small for high-angular-momentum (high-L) states; in particular, the nuclear size correction for high-L states is completely negligible for any foreseeable improvement of measurement precision. As an initial step towards realizing such states, highly charged ions are extracted from the NIST electron beam ion trap (EBIT) and steered through the electrodes of a Penning trap. The goal is to capture bare nuclei in the Penning trap for experiments to make one-electron atoms in circular Rydberg states with dipole (E1) transitions in the optical domain accessible to a frequency comb. C1 [Tan, Joseph N.; Guise, Nicholas D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brewer, Samuel M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Tan, JN (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.tan@nist.gov NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD JUN PY 2011 VL T144 AR 014009 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2011/T144/014009 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 779QR UT WOS:000291795900010 ER PT J AU Fan, Y van den Dool, H AF Fan, Yun van den Dool, Huug TI Bias Correction and Forecast Skill of NCEP GFS Ensemble Week-1 and Week-2 Precipitation, 2-m Surface Air Temperature, and Soil Moisture Forecasts SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MODEL; DATASET; SYSTEM AB A simple bias correction method was used to correct daily operational ensemble week-1 and week-2 precipitation and 2-m surface air temperature forecasts from the NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS). The study shows some unexpected and striking features of the forecast errors or biases of both precipitation and 2-m surface air temperature from the GFS. They are dominated by relatively large-scale spatial patterns and low-frequency variations that resemble the annual cycle. A large portion of these forecast errors is removable, but the effectiveness is time and space dependent. The bias-corrected week-1 and week-2 ensemble precipitation and 2-m surface air temperature forecasts indicate some improvements over their raw counterparts. However, the overall levels of week-1 and week-2 forecast skill in terms of spatial anomaly correlation and root-mean-square error are still only modest. The dynamical soil moisture forecasts (i.e., land surface hydrological model forced with bias-corrected precipitation and 2-m surface air temperature integrated forward for up to 2 weeks) have very high skill, but hardly beat persistence over the United States. The inability to outperform persistence mainly relates to the skill of the current GFS week-1 and week-2 precipitation forecasts not being above a threshold (i.e., anomaly correlation > 0.5 is required). C1 [Fan, Yun; van den Dool, Huug] NOAA, NCEP, CPC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Fan, Y (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, CPC, Rm 806,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM yun.fan@noaa.gov FU CPPA [GC08-292] FX The authors thank Jae Schemm for providing NCEP GFS week-1 and week-2 ensemble mean raw forecast data and John Janowiak for helping with bias correction. The authors are grateful to Doug Lecomte for continuously monitoring the forecasts in real time and invaluable comments. We also would like to thank Jin Huang who initiated the soil moisture forecasts and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This project was supported by CPPA Grant GC08-292. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 26 IS 3 BP 355 EP 370 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-10-05028.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 778FW UT WOS:000291689500006 ER PT J AU Ha, JY Sosnowchik, BD Lin, LW Kang, DH Davydov, AV AF Ha, Jong-Yoon Sosnowchik, Brian D. Lin, Liwei Kang, Dong Heon Davydov, Albert V. TI Patterned Growth of TiO2 Nanowires on Titanium Substrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN SYSTEM; NANOTUBES; OXIDATION; MECHANISM; SILICA; SCALE AB Single-crystalline rutile TiO2 nanowires (NWs) were synthesized by the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) method on Ti foil substrates patterned with catalytic Sn nano-islands. NWs of 3 to 8 mu m in length and 50 to 500 nm in diameter were grown along the [1 (1) over bar0] axis exhibiting a rectangular cross section with the (001) and (110) side facets. This facile approach to TiO2 NW fabrication with fast induction heating and short processing time utilizes the Ti foil both as a substrate and as a metal supply, thus eliminating the need for a separate titanium source. (C) 2011 The Japan Society of Applied Physics C1 [Ha, Jong-Yoon; Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ha, Jong-Yoon; Sosnowchik, Brian D.; Lin, Liwei] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kang, Dong Heon] Univ Suwon, Dept Elect Mat Engn, Suwon 445743, South Korea. RP Davydov, AV (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM albert.davydov@nist.gov RI Ha, Jong-Yoon/D-7083-2012; Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 FU Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2007-357-D00120] FX This work was partially supported by a Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD): KRF-2007-357-D00120. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 20 PU JAPAN SOC APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1882-0778 J9 APPL PHYS EXPRESS JI Appl. Phys. Express PD JUN PY 2011 VL 4 IS 6 AR 065002 DI 10.1143/APEX.4.065002 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 775QX UT WOS:000291479300036 ER PT J AU Grunwald, S Brooks, HE AF Gruenwald, S. Brooks, H. E. TI Relationship between sounding derived parameters and the strength of tornadoes in Europe and the USA from reanalysis data SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Severe Storms CY OCT 12-16, 2009 CL Landshut, GERMANY DE Tornado; Severe thunderstorm; Forecasting; Climate ID ENVIRONMENTS; CLIMATOLOGY; SUPERCELLS; STORM AB Proximity soundings from reanalysis data for tornado events in Europe for the years 1958 to 1999 and in the US for the years 1991 to 1999 have been used for generating distributions of parameter combinations important for severe convection. They include parcel updraft velocity (WMAX) and deep-layer shear (DLS), lifting condensation level (LCL) and deep-layer shear (DLS), and LCL and shallow-layer shear (LLS) for weak and significant tornadoes. We investigate how well they discriminate between weak and significant tornadoes. For Europe, these distributions have been generated for unrated, F0 and F1 tornadoes as well to discover if the unrated tornadoes can be associated with the weak tornadoes. The pattern of parameter combination distributions for unrated tornadoes in Europe strongly resembles the pattern of F0 tornadoes. Thus, the unrated tornadoes are likely to consist of mostly F0 tornadoes. Consequently, the unrated tornadoes have been included into the weak tornadoes and distributions of parameter combinations have been generated for these. In Europe, none of the three combinations can discriminate well between weak and significant tornadoes, but all can discriminate if the unrated tornadoes are included with the weak tornadoes (unrated/weak). In the US, the combinations of LCL and either of the shear parameters discriminate well between weak and significant tornadoes, with significant tornadoes occurring at lower LCL and higher shear values than the weak ones. In Europe, the shear shows the same behavior, but the LCL behaves differently, with significant tornadoes occurring at higher LCL than the unrated/weak ones. The combination of WMAX and DES is a good discriminator between unrated/weak and significant tornadoes in Europe, but not in the US, with significant tornadoes occurring at a higher WMAX and DES than the unrated/weak tornadoes. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gruenwald, S.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Brooks, H. E.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Grunwald, S (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. EM stefanie.gruenwald@zmaw.de NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 100 IS 4 SI SI BP 479 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.11.011 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 774SV UT WOS:000291407700017 ER PT J AU Brooks, HE Marsh, PT Kowaleski, AM Groenemeijer, P Thompson, TE Schwartz, CS Shafer, CM Kolodziej, A Dahl, N Buckey, D AF Brooks, H. E. Marsh, P. T. Kowaleski, A. M. Groenemeijer, P. Thompson, T. E. Schwartz, C. S. Shafer, C. M. Kolodziej, A. Dahl, N. Buckey, D. TI Evaluation of European Storm Forecast Experiment (ESTOFEX) forecasts SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Severe Storms CY OCT 12-16, 2009 CL Landshut, GERMANY DE Severe thunderstorms; Forecasting; Forecast verification AB Three years of forecasts of lightning and severe thunderstorms from the European Storm Forecast Experiment (ESTOFEX) have been evaluated. The forecasts exhibit higher quality in summer than in winter and there is some evidence that they have improved over the course of the evaluation. Five individual forecasters made the majority of the forecasts and differences in their forecasts are on the order of the overall variability of the forecast quality. As a result, the forecasts appear to come from a single unit, rather than from a group of individuals. The graphical description of the probability of detection and frequency of hits recently developed by Roebber is a valuable tool for displaying the time series of lightning forecast performance. It also appears that, even though they are not intended for that purpose, using the lightning forecasts as a low-end forecast of severe thunderstorms is potentially useful for decision makers. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brooks, H. E.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Marsh, P. T.; Thompson, T. E.; Schwartz, C. S.; Shafer, C. M.; Kolodziej, A.; Dahl, N.; Buckey, D.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Kowaleski, A. M.] Davidson Coll, Davidson, NC 28035 USA. [Groenemeijer, P.] European Severe Storms Lab, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. RP Brooks, HE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM harold.brooks@noaa.gov RI Ladwig, Therese/N-3272-2014 OI Ladwig, Therese/0000-0002-0950-274X NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 100 IS 4 SI SI BP 538 EP 546 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.09.004 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 774SV UT WOS:000291407700022 ER PT J AU Wood, SA Frasier, TR McLeod, BA Gilbert, JR White, BN Bowen, WD Hammill, MO Waring, GT Brault, S AF Wood, S. A. Frasier, T. R. McLeod, B. A. Gilbert, J. R. White, B. N. Bowen, W. D. Hammill, M. O. Waring, G. T. Brault, S. TI The genetics of recolonization: an analysis of the stock structure of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in the northwest Atlantic SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; TREE TOPOLOGIES; DNA HAPLOTYPES; PUP PRODUCTION; SITE FIDELITY; SABLE ISLAND; ST-LAWRENCE; NOVA-SCOTIA; GRAY SEALS; MICROSATELLITE AB Although historically distributed along the northeast coast of the United States (US), grey seals (Halichoerus grypus (Fabricius, 1791)) were considered locally extinct until the late 1980s when three naturally re-established pupping colonies were discovered. Two large populations in Canada, the Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL) and Sable Island (SI) seals, are possible sources of immigrants for the recovering US population. To assess the stock structure of grey seals in the northwest Atlantic, tissue samples were collected from Canadian and US populations for genetic analyses. We examined nine highly variable microsatellite loci (n = 158; mean number of alleles per locus = 7.22). When population differentiation was assessed without a priori inference of potential subpopulations, all individuals were placed into one population. Pairwise FST values showed little difference in allele frequencies between the SI and the GSL or the Canadian and the US samples. We sequenced a 319 bp segment of the mitochondrial control region and identified 25 haplotypes (n = 163). Nucleotide diversity was similar at SI, GSL, and the US sites. Based on mtDNA haplotypes, no significant difference was found between the SI and GSL populations or the Canadian and the US populations. Although grey seals are philopatric, our study demonstrated that the genetic structure of the northwest Atlantic grey seal population is not different from the null hypothesis of panmixia. C1 [Wood, S. A.; Brault, S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Frasier, T. R.; McLeod, B. A.; White, B. N.] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Nat Resources DNA Profiling & Forens Ctr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Gilbert, J. R.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Bowen, W. D.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Hammill, M. O.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Inst, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. [Waring, G. T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NEFSC, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Wood, SA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM Stephanie.Wood@noaa.gov RI Bowen, William/D-2758-2012 FU National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS); NOAA's NMFS-NEFSC; University of Maine FX The project was funded by a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) - Sea Grant Fellowship in Population Dynamics Program (to S. A. Wood), NOAA's NMFS-NEFSC, and the University of Maine. We thank all of the field researchers who collected samples on Muskeget, Green, and Sable islands and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Paul Wilson brought the mtDNA primers to our attention. Richard Merrick, Michael Rex, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 26 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 89 IS 6 BP 490 EP 497 DI 10.1139/Z11-012 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 775QZ UT WOS:000291479500005 ER PT J AU Bolten, AB Crowder, LB Dodd, MG MacPherson, SL Musick, JA Schroeder, BA Witherington, BE Long, KJ Snover, ML AF Bolten, Alan B. Crowder, Larry B. Dodd, Mark G. MacPherson, Sandra L. Musick, John A. Schroeder, Barbara A. Witherington, Blair E. Long, Kristy J. Snover, Melissa L. TI Quantifying multiple threats to endangered species: an example from loggerhead sea turtles SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID ACT RECOVERY PLANS; CARETTA-CARETTA; POPULATION; GROWTH; MODEL; SIZE; SCB AB The effectiveness of recovery plans for threatened and endangered species has been questioned in academic and political domains. A comprehensive assessment of species recovery plans concluded that quantification and prioritization of threats have received insufficient attention, which contributes to the failure of some plans. On the basis of this assessment, we developed and implemented a detailed analysis of threats in the Recovery Plan for the Northwest Atlantic Population of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta), produced by the National Marine Fisheries Service and US Fish and Wildlife Service. The analytical approach that we designed and summarize here provides an objective process for quantifying known threats and prioritizing recovery actions in terms of their relative impact on population growth rate (lambda) of the loggerhead sea turtle. Although this process was developed for loggerhead sea turtles, it can be applied to other species. C1 [Bolten, Alan B.] Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bolten, Alan B.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Crowder, Larry B.] Duke Ctr Marine Conservat, Beaufort, NC USA. [Dodd, Mark G.] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Brunswick, GA USA. [MacPherson, Sandra L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Musick, John A.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA USA. [Schroeder, Barbara A.; Long, Kristy J.] NMFS, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Witherington, Blair E.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Melbourne Beach, FL USA. [Snover, Melissa L.] NMFS, NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Bolten, AB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM abolten@ufl.edu NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 7 U2 53 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 9 IS 5 BP 295 EP 301 DI 10.1890/090126 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 776DO UT WOS:000291514900020 ER PT J AU Schmidt, DR Cho, HM Hubmayr, J Lowell, P Niemack, MD O'Neil, GC Ullom, JN Yoon, KW Irwin, KD Holzapfel, WL Lueker, M George, EM Shirokoff, E AF Schmidt, D. R. Cho, H. -M. Hubmayr, J. Lowell, P. Niemack, M. D. O'Neil, G. C. Ullom, J. N. Yoon, K. W. Irwin, K. D. Holzapfel, W. L. Lueker, M. George, E. M. Shirokoff, E. TI Al-Mn Transition Edge Sensors for Cosmic Microwave Background Polarimeters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE AlMn; polarimeter; transition-edge sensor AB Superconducting transition edge sensors (TES) require superconducting films with transition temperatures (T(c)) and properties that can be tailored to the particular requirements of individual applications. We have been developing Al-Mn films with a tunable T(c). The addition of Mn to Al suppresses T(c), but does not significantly broaden the superconducting density of states of the Al. We can produce films with T(c) from below 50 mK to 1.4 K through adjustment of the Mn concentration. Since this is a bulk effect, T(c) is not as dependent on precise control of film thickness as in the standard bilayer approach for TESs. We have previously used Al-Mn to fabricate TES sensors for x-ray microcalorimeters targeted for read-out with time division SQUID multiplexing schemes. In this work, we explore the properties of Al-Mn in a regime well suited for frequency division multiplexing. We have also fabricated prototype Al-Mn cosmic microwave background polarimeters for the South Pole Telescope and will show initial measurements of these sensors. C1 [Schmidt, D. R.; Cho, H. -M.; Hubmayr, J.; Lowell, P.; Niemack, M. D.; O'Neil, G. C.; Ullom, J. N.; Yoon, K. W.; Irwin, K. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Holzapfel, W. L.; Lueker, M.; George, E. M.; Shirokoff, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schmidt, DR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM schmidtd@nist.gov RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 196 EP 198 DI 10.1109/TASC.2010.2090313 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 769XB UT WOS:000291050500023 ER PT J AU Croce, MP Bacrania, MK Bond, EM Dry, DE Klingensmith, AL Moody, WA LaMont, SP Rabin, MW Rim, JH Beall, JA Bennett, DA Kotsubo, V Horansky, RD Hilton, GC Schmidt, D Ullom, JN Cantor, R AF Croce, M. P. Bacrania, M. K. Bond, E. M. Dry, D. E. Klingensmith, A. L. Moody, W. A. LaMont, S. P. Rabin, M. W. Rim, J. H. Beall, J. A. Bennett, D. A. Kotsubo, V. Horansky, R. D. Hilton, G. C. Schmidt, D. Ullom, J. N. Cantor, R. TI Superconducting Transition-Edge Sensor Microcalorimeters for Ultra-High Resolution Alpha-Particle Spectrometry SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Alpha particle spectroscopy; microcalorimeter; nuclear forensics; superconducting transition-edge sensor AB Alpha-particle spectrometry is a powerful analytical tool for nuclear forensics and environmental monitoring. Superconducting transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters have been shown to yield unsurpassed energy resolution for alpha spectrometry. With nearly an order of magnitude better energy resolution (1.06 keV FWHM at 5.3 MeV) than the current state-of-the-art silicon detectors (8-10 keV at 5.3 MeV), it is possible to measure samples containing multiple radioisotopes that would require expensive and time-consuming radiochemical separation prior to measurement with a silicon detector. This paper presents recent results from the Los Alamos four-channel microcalorimeter alpha spectrometer. We have prepared a source from weapons-grade plutonium and demonstrated the ability of microcalorimeter alpha spectrometry to simultaneously resolve alpha energies from (239)Pu, (240)Pu, (238)Pu, and (241)Am. The low-energy performance of the spectrometer system has been improved to allow measurement of energies as low as 5 keV, which gives a dynamic range of 1000. We have demonstrated this capability by simultaneously measuring the alpha particles and low-energy x-rays and internal conversion electrons emitted by an electroplated (240)Pu source. C1 [Croce, M. P.; Bacrania, M. K.; Bond, E. M.; Dry, D. E.; Klingensmith, A. L.; Moody, W. A.; LaMont, S. P.; Rabin, M. W.; Rim, J. H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Beall, J. A.; Bennett, D. A.; Kotsubo, V.; Horansky, R. D.; Hilton, G. C.; Schmidt, D.; Ullom, J. N.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Cantor, R.] Star Cryoelect, Santa Fe, NM USA. RP Croce, MP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mpcroce@lanl.gov RI Bennett, Douglas/B-8001-2012; Rim, Jung/J-5150-2015; OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690; Rim, Jung/0000-0002-9081-0917; Bond, Evelyn/0000-0001-7335-4086 FU Department of Energy; Department of Homeland Security; Los Alamos National Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy, the Department of Homeland Security, and the Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 207 EP 210 DI 10.1109/TASC.2010.2096790 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 769XB UT WOS:000291050500026 ER PT J AU Zhao, Y Appel, J Chervenak, JA Doriese, WB Staggs, S AF Zhao, Yue Appel, John Chervenak, James A. Doriese, W. B. Staggs, Suzanne TI Study of Excess Heat Capacity and Suppressed Kapitza Conductance in TES Devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Bolometer; heat capacity; phonon; transition edge sensor ID X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; MICROCALORIMETERS; IMPEDANCE AB A number of groups have produced TES bolometers and other devices using dielectric membranes for thermal isolation in which excess heat capacity is reported. We have fabricated a series of TES devices using large area membranes and narrow legs for thermal isolation to study the scaling of intrinsic parameters like the heat capacity of the membrane. The devices are arranged on a single chip to ensure similarity of devices parameters (i.e., film thicknesses) and processing history. Measurements (non-multiplexed) of the current-voltage characteristic and complex impedance are made using a well-characterized, highly uniform, multichannel SQUID setup. We have developed model for non-ideal transition edge sensor performance that enables extraction of heat capacities and thermal conductances identified in the models. We report on the magnitude of excess heat capacity in the dielectric membrane and thermal conductance of the metal-to-dielectric interface in each of the designs. C1 [Zhao, Yue; Appel, John; Staggs, Suzanne] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Chervenak, James A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Doriese, W. B.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zhao, Y (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM James.A.Chervenak@nasa.gov FU U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-0408698, PHY-0355328]; NASA FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Awards AST-0408698 and PHY-0355328 and by NASA Internal Research and Development funding. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 227 EP 231 DI 10.1109/TASC.2010.2097231 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 769XB UT WOS:000291050500031 ER PT J AU Tan, H Hennig, W Warburton, WK Doriese, WB Kilbourne, CA AF Tan, Hui Hennig, Wolfgang Warburton, William K. Doriese, W. Bertrand Kilbourne, Caroline A. TI Development of a Real-Time Pulse Processing Algorithm for TES-Based X-Ray Microcalorimeters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Algorithm; microcalorimeters; optimal filter; real-time pulse processing; transition-edge sensors ID SYSTEM AB We report here a real-time pulse processing algorithm for superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) based x-ray microcalorimeters. TES-based microcalorimeters offer ultra-high energy resolutions, but the small volume of each pixel requires that large arrays of identical microcalorimeter pixels be built to achieve sufficient detection efficiency. That in turn requires as much pulse processing as possible must be performed at the front end of readout electronics to avoid transferring large amounts of data to a host computer for post-processing. Therefore, a real-time pulse processing algorithm that not only can be implemented in the readout electronics but also achieve satisfactory energy resolutions is desired. We have developed an algorithm that can be easily implemented in hardware. We then tested the algorithm offline using several data sets acquired with an 8 x 8 Goddard TES x-ray calorimeter array and 2 x 16 NIST time-division SQUID multiplexer. We obtained an average energy resolution of close to 3.0 eV at 6 keV for the multiplexed pixels while preserving over 99% of the events in the data sets. C1 [Tan, Hui; Hennig, Wolfgang; Warburton, William K.] XIA LLC, Hayward, CA 94544 USA. [Doriese, W. Bertrand] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kilbourne, Caroline A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Tan, H (reprint author), XIA LLC, Hayward, CA 94544 USA. EM htan@xia.com; doriese@boulder.nist.gov; Caroline.A.Kilbourne@nasa.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER84760] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant DE-FG02-07ER84760. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 276 EP 280 DI 10.1109/TASC.2010.2082473 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 769XB UT WOS:000291050500042 ER PT J AU Stiehl, GM Cho, HM Hilton, GC Irwin, KD Mates, JAB Reintsema, CD Zink, BL AF Stiehl, G. M. Cho, H. M. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. Mates, J. A. B. Reintsema, C. D. Zink, B. L. TI Time-Division SQUID Multiplexers With Reduced Sensitivity to External Magnetic Fields SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Gradiometry; multiplexer; SQUID; transition Edge Sensor ID X-RAY MICROCALORIMETER; EV ENERGY RESOLUTION; SENSORS; ARRAYS AB Time-division SQUID multiplexers are used in many applications that require exquisite control of systematic error. One potential source of systematic error is the pickup of external magnetic fields in the multiplexer. We present measurements of the field sensitivity figure of merit, effective area, for both the first stage and second stage SQUID amplifiers in three NIST SQUID multiplexer designs. These designs include a new variety with improved gradiometry that significantly reduces the effective area of both the first and second stage SQUID amplifiers. C1 [Stiehl, G. M.; Cho, H. M.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Mates, J. A. B.; Reintsema, C. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zink, B. L.] Univ Denver, Denver, CO 80210 USA. RP Stiehl, GM (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM stiehl@nist.gov OI Zink, Barry/0000-0001-7732-532X FU NIST; University of Denver FX The authors would like to thank D. A. Bennett, W. B. Doriese, R. D. Horansky, G. C. O'Neil, M. D. Niemack, and D. R. Schmidt for their insight into SQUID electronics and measurement techniques. They would also like to thank L. Ferreira and T. Sundby for their continued technical support. G. M. Stiehl thanks those involved with the PREP program both at NIST and the University of Denver for their support. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 298 EP 301 DI 10.1109/TASC.2010.2091483 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 769XB UT WOS:000291050500047 ER PT J AU Ku, HS Mallet, F Vale, LR Irwin, KD Russek, SE Hilton, GC Lehnert, KW AF Ku, H. S. Mallet, F. Vale, L. R. Irwin, K. D. Russek, S. E. Hilton, G. C. Lehnert, K. W. TI Design and Testing of Superconducting Microwave Passive Components for Quantum Information Processing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Directional coupler; microwave; passive microwave components; quadrature hybrid; quantum information; TRL calibration ID LINE AB We report on the design, fabrication and testing of two superconducting passive microwave components, a quadrature hybrid and a 20 dB directional coupler. These components are designed to be integrated with superconducting qubits or Josephson parametric amplifiers and used in quantum information processing applications. For the coupler, we measure return loss and isolation >20 dB, and insertion loss <0.3 dB in a 2 GHz band around 6 GHz. For the hybrid performance, we measure isolation >20 dB and insertion loss <0.3 dB in a 10% band around 6.5 GHz. These values are within the design specifications of our application; however, we find a 7% difference between the designed and measured center frequency for the hybrid. C1 [Ku, H. S.; Mallet, F.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ku, H. S.; Mallet, F.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Vale, L. R.; Irwin, K. D.; Russek, S. E.; Hilton, G. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ku, HS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM hsiang-sheng.ku@colorado.edu; francois.mallet@colorado.edu; leila.vale@nist.gov; kent.irwin@nist.gov; stephen.russek@nist.gov; gene.hilton@nist.gov; konrad.lehnert@jila.colorado.edu RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009; mallet, francois/O-5956-2016 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649; FU DARPA/MTO QuEST FX This work is supported by the DARPA/MTO QuEST program. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 452 EP 455 DI 10.1109/TASC.2010.2089403 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 769XB UT WOS:000291050500084 ER PT J AU Rocas, E Padilla, A Mateu, J Orloff, N O'Callaghan, JM Collado, C Booth, JC AF Rocas, Eduard Padilla, Alberto Mateu, Jordi Orloff, Nathan O'Callaghan, Juan M. Collado, Carlos Booth, James C. TI Superconducting Multiplexer Filter Bank for a Frequency-Selective Power Limiter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Critical current; filter; filter bank; limiter; multiplexer AB This work proposes a superconducting multiplexer filter bank configuration to be used as a frequency-selective power limiter. The proposed configuration limits narrowband high-power signals within a single frequency band without degrading the signal performance in the rest of the frequency bands. To accomplish this, we need to calculate the limiting power of superconducting filters implemented by means of half-wavelength transmission line resonators. The limiting power is obtained as a function of the resonator geometry, filter bandwidth, and filter order. Practical issues occurring in superconducting filters operating at high power, such as the reduction of the quality factors and de-tuning, are also analyzed and shown to not adversely affect the overall multiplexer power limiter performance. C1 [Rocas, Eduard; Padilla, Alberto; Mateu, Jordi; O'Callaghan, Juan M.; Collado, Carlos] Univ Politecn Cataluna, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Orloff, Nathan; Booth, James C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rocas, E (reprint author), Univ Politecn Cataluna, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. EM booth@boulder.nist.gov RI O'Callaghan, Juan /F-6595-2013; collado, carlos/B-1651-2010; mateu, jordi/H-7285-2015; OI O'Callaghan, Juan /0000-0002-2740-0202; collado, carlos/0000-0002-8869-2739; mateu, jordi/0000-0001-9833-9966; Orloff, Nathan/0000-0001-5391-4699 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [TEC-2009-13897-C03-01/TCM]; AGAUR, Generalitat de Catalunya [2008-BE2-00196, MAT-2008-06761-C03-02]; Spanish Ministry of Education [BES-2007-16775, AP200802235] FX This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under Grant TEC-2009-13897-C03-01/TCM, by the AGAUR, Generalitat de Catalunya (2008-BE2-00196) and MAT-2008-06761-C03-02; and by Spanish Ministry of Education through PhD fellowships for E. Rocas (BES-2007-16775) and A. Padilla (AP200802235). NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 542 EP 546 DI 10.1109/TASC.2010.2093554 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 769XB UT WOS:000291050500106 ER PT J AU Rocas, E Collado, C Mateu, J Orloff, N Booth, JC AF Rocas, Eduard Collado, Carlos Mateu, Jordi Orloff, Nathan Booth, James C. TI Modeling of Self-Heating Mechanism in the Design of Superconducting Limiters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE HTS; limiter; self-heating; superconductor AB We propose a modeling method to simulate how the local temperature rises, due to power dissipation, and how this affects the performance of a high temperature superconductor (HTS) limiter. For given material properties, power, and frequency we determined, by use of both electromagnetic and thermal modeling, the spatial distribution of the temperature rise across an HTS transmission line. This temperature rise in turn affects the local description of the superconductor nonlinearities. To model this effect, we use an iterative technique that combines the Weeks-Sheen method to calculate the current-density distribution with a finite-element method to calculate temperature rise at each point of the transmission line. Simulations of coplanar waveguide HTS limiters on sapphire and quartz are presented. C1 [Rocas, Eduard; Collado, Carlos; Mateu, Jordi] Univ Politecn Cataluna, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Rocas, Eduard; Orloff, Nathan; Booth, James C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rocas, E (reprint author), Univ Politecn Cataluna, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. EM collado@tsc.upc.edu; booth@boulder.nist.gov RI collado, carlos/B-1651-2010; mateu, jordi/H-7285-2015; OI collado, carlos/0000-0002-8869-2739; mateu, jordi/0000-0001-9833-9966; Orloff, Nathan/0000-0001-5391-4699 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [TEC-2009-13897-C03-01/TCM, MAT-2008-06761-C03-02]; AGAUR, Generalitat de Catalunya [2008-BE2-00196]; Spanish Ministry of Education [BES-2007-16775] FX This work was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under Grant TEC-2009-13897-C03-01/TCM and Grant MAT-2008-06761-C03-02; by the AGAUR, Generalitat de Catalunya (2008-BE2-00196), and by Spanish Ministry of Education through PhD fellowship for E. Rocas (BES-2007-16775). NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 547 EP 550 DI 10.1109/TASC.2010.2090449 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 769XB UT WOS:000291050500107 ER PT J AU Rocas, E Collado, C Padilla, A Booth, JC AF Rocas, Eduard Collado, Carlos Padilla, Alberto Booth, James C. TI On the Relation Between the Nonlinear Surface Impedance and the Superfluid Current Density in High-Temperature Superconductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE HTS; nonlinear surface impedance; superconductor; superfluid current density; surface reactance; surface resistance AB The nonlinear surface impedance is related to a local description of the nonlinear superfluid current density that depends on the condensate velocity, by use of the definition of surface impedance as the ratio between the electric field and magnetic field at the conductor surface. To obtain this relation, we follow a rigorous approach based on the time-domain nonlinear London equations and the two-fluid model. The formulation is compared with harmonic balance simulations of an equivalent transmission line circuit that models a plane wave propagating across a vacuum-superconductor boundary, and shows very good agreement for the resulting surface impedance as a function of current density at the surface. C1 [Rocas, Eduard; Collado, Carlos; Padilla, Alberto] Univ Politecn Cataluna, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Rocas, Eduard; Booth, James C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rocas, E (reprint author), Univ Politecn Cataluna, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. EM collado@tsc.upc.edu; booth@boulder.nist.gov RI collado, carlos/B-1651-2010 OI collado, carlos/0000-0002-8869-2739 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [TEC-2009-13897-C03-01/TCM]; AGAUR, Gen. de Catalunya [2008-BE2-00196]; Spanish Ministry of Education [BES-2007-16775, AP200802235]; U.S. Government FX This work was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through Grant TEC-2009-13897-C03-01/TCM, by the AGAUR, Gen. de Catalunya (2008-BE2-00196), and by the Spanish Ministry of Education through Ph.D. fellowships for E. Rocas (BES-2007-16775) and A. Padilla (AP200802235). This work is partially supported by the U.S. Government, which is not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 555 EP 558 DI 10.1109/TASC.2010.2085030 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 769XB UT WOS:000291050500109 ER PT J AU Benz, SP Dresselhaus, PD Burroughs, CJ AF Benz, Samuel P. Dresselhaus, Paul D. Burroughs, Charles J. TI Multitone Waveform Synthesis With a Quantum Voltage Noise Source SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Correlation; digital-analog conversion; Josephson arrays; Johnson noise; noise measurement; quantization; thermometry ID THERMOMETRY; STANDARD AB We have developed a quantum voltage noise source (QVNS) based on pulse-driven Josephson arrays and optimized its waveform synthesis for use with Johnson noise thermometry (JNT). The QVNS synthesizes multitone waveforms with equal amplitude harmonic tones and random relative phases in order to characterize the amplitude-frequency response of the analog and digital electronics of the JNT system. We describe the QVNS circuit design and operation, including the lumped-array Josephson-junction circuit and the unipolar bias technique. In particular, we describe the primary design considerations that determine the voltage accuracy of the harmonic tones. C1 [Benz, Samuel P.; Dresselhaus, Paul D.; Burroughs, Charles J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Benz, SP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX Manuscript received August 03, 2010; accepted September 27, 2010. Date of publication November 09, 2010; date of current version May 27, 2011. This work was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. It is a contribution of the U.S. government that is not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 681 EP 686 DI 10.1109/TASC.2010.2083616 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 769XB UT WOS:000291050500139 ER PT J AU Dresselhaus, PD Elsbury, MM Olaya, D Burroughs, CJ Benz, SP AF Dresselhaus, Paul D. Elsbury, Michael M. Olaya, David Burroughs, Charles J. Benz, Samuel P. TI 10 Volt Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard Circuits Using NbSi-Barrier Junctions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Josephson arrays; SNS devices; superconducting device fabrication AB Programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) circuits were developed that operate at 16 GHz to 20 GHz with operating margins larger than 1 mA. Two circuit designs were demonstrated, each having a total of similar to 300,000 junctions, which were divided into either 16 or 32 sub-arrays. Triple-stacked junctions were used in order to fit the similar to 300,000 junctions on each circuit. The amorphous Nb(x)Si(1-x)-barrier junction technology provided a high degree of uniformity of the barrier and junction electrical properties, which was necessary to achieve the 1 mA operating margin. Although the margins on both the 16-array and 32-array circuits were much greater than 1 mA, the circuit yield for the 16-array design was lower because the longer arrays are more sensitive to defects. The use of lumped-element microwave splitters and tapered arrays significantly reduced the microwave input power and increased the operating margins of these designs. In addition, the broadband microwave response of the designs allowed the PJVS output voltage to be continuously adjusted by using the microwave frequency while remaining on margins. C1 [Dresselhaus, Paul D.; Elsbury, Michael M.; Olaya, David; Burroughs, Charles J.; Benz, Samuel P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dresselhaus, PD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM paul.dresselhaus@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX Manuscript received August 03, 2010; accepted September 14, 2010. Date of publication October 28, 2010; date of current version May 27, 2011. This work was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 693 EP 696 DI 10.1109/TASC.2010.2079310 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 769XB UT WOS:000291050500141 ER PT J AU Pappas, DP Vissers, MR Wisbey, DS Kline, JS Gao, JS AF Pappas, David P. Vissers, Michael R. Wisbey, David S. Kline, Jeffrey S. Gao, Jiansong TI Two Level System Loss in Superconducting Microwave Resonators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Low temperature physics; superconducting resonators; two level system dielectric loss AB High quality factor, i.e. low loss, microwave resonators are important for quantum information storage and addressing. In this work we study the resonance frequency and loss in superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators as a function of power and temperature. We find that there is increased loss at low power and low temperature. The increased loss is attributed to the existence of two-level systems (TLS) at the surfaces, interfaces, and in the bulk of insulators deposited on the structures. We show that both the temperature dependence of the resonant frequency and the power dependence of the losscan be used to find the TLScontribution to the loss. The TLS intrinsic loss tangent derived from the frequency shift data at high power is shown to agree well with the direct loss measurement at low power. The former allows for a relativelyfast measurement of the TLS loss. As an example, we measure the properties of amorphous AlO(X) deposited on the resonators and find a TLS loss tangent of 1 x 10(-3). C1 [Pappas, David P.; Vissers, Michael R.; Wisbey, David S.; Kline, Jeffrey S.; Gao, Jiansong] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pappas, DP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM David.Pappas@boulder.nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Commerce [BS123456]; Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Commerce under Grant BS123456.; The authors thank Thomas Ohki, of BBN, Ben Mazin and John Martinis, of UCSB, for useful discussions during the course of this work. Danielle Braje's effort setting up the RF measurements was invaluable. This research was conducted in collaboration with BBN. It was funded in part by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA). All statements of fact, opinion or conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be construed as representing the official views or policies of IARPA, ODNI, or BBN. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 871 EP 874 DI 10.1109/TASC.2010.2097578 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 769XB UT WOS:000291050500182 ER PT J AU Schwall, RE Zilz, DP Power, J Burroughs, CJ Dresselhaus, PD Benz, SP AF Schwall, R. E. Zilz, D. P. Power, J. Burroughs, C. J. Dresselhaus, P. D. Benz, S. P. TI Practical Operation of Cryogen-Free Programmable Josephson Voltage Standards SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Josephson arrays; quantization; standards; superconducting device packaging; superconductor-normal-superconductor devices; voltage measurement ID CURRENT LEADS; METROLOGY; DEVICES AB Cryogen-free operation is rapidly becoming the preferred implementation of most superconducting electronics systems including programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) systems. There are strong operational incentives for using the smallest possible cryocooler in order to minimize acoustic noise, system footprint, and power consumption. In addition, Nb/Nb(x)Si(1-x)/Nb junction technology, which operates near 4 K, offers better yield than NbN/TiN(x)/NbN technology, which can operate at 8.5 K, thus making lower temperature operation near 4 K desirable. As junction density increases, however, self-heating of the junctions can create significant thermal gradients between the arrays and coldhead. Thus careful design of the overall system is required to maintain acceptable operating margins. We have developed a calorimetric measurement technique to characterize the system variables and used it to evaluate several different PJVS configurations. This technique uses the PJVS subarrays as both heat sources and temperature sensors, in conjunction with a time gated measurement technique, to characterize the thermal response of the system. A passive thermal filter incorporating a Pb thermal mass is used to reduce the temperature oscillations of the cryocooler. Our results suggest that, with appropriate system design, operation of a practical 10 V PJVS on a small (nominally 100 mW capacity at 4.2 K) cryocooler may be possible. C1 [Schwall, R. E.; Burroughs, C. J.; Dresselhaus, P. D.; Benz, S. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zilz, D. P.] Taylor Univ, Upland, IN 46989 USA. [Power, J.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Schwall, RE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM schwall@boulder.nist.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 891 EP 895 DI 10.1109/TASC.2011.2104930 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 769XB UT WOS:000291050500186 ER PT J AU Liu, H Ciannelli, L Decker, M Ladd, C Chan, KS AF Liu, Hai Ciannelli, Lorenzo Decker, Mary Beth Ladd, Carol Chan, Kung-Sik TI Nonparametric Threshold Model of Zero-Inflated Spatio-Temporal Data with Application to Shifts in Jellyfish Distribution SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Chrysaora melanaster; Constraint; Generalized additive model; Habitat expansion; Nonstationary; Splines ID CHANGE-POINT ANALYSIS; EASTERN BERING-SEA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COUNT DATA; GELATINOUS ZOOPLANKTON; NORTH PACIFIC; REGIME SHIFTS; ABUNDANCE; REGRESSION; PATTERNS AB There is increasing scientific interest in studying the spatial distribution of species abundance in relation to environmental variability. Jellyfish in particular have received considerable attention in the literature and media due to regional population increases and abrupt changes in distribution. Jellyfish distribution and abundance data, like many biological datasets, are characterized by an excess of zero counts or nonstationary processes, which hampers their analyses by standard statistical methods. Here we further develop a recently proposed statistical framework, the constrained zero-inflated generalized additive model (COZIGAM), and apply it to a spatio-temporal dataset of jellyfish biomass in the Bering Sea. Our analyses indicate systematic spatial variation in the process that causes the zero inflation. Moreover, we show strong evidence of a range expansion of jellyfish from the southeastern to the northwestern portion of the survey area beginning in 1991. The proposed methodologies could be readily applied to ecological data in which zero inflation and spatio-temporal nonstationarity are suspected, such as data describing species distribution in relation to changes of climate-driven environmental variables. Some supplemental materials including an animation of jellyfish annual biomass and web appendices are available online. C1 [Liu, Hai] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Div Biostat, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Ciannelli, Lorenzo] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Decker, Mary Beth] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Ladd, Carol] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Chan, Kung-Sik] Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Liu, H (reprint author), Indiana Univ Sch Med, Div Biostat, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM liuhai@iupui.edu RI Ladd, Carol/M-6159-2014 OI Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X FU US National Science Foundation [CMG-0620789]; North Pacific Research Board [606] FX We gratefully acknowledge partial support from the US National Science Foundation (CMG-0620789) and the North Pacific Research Board (Project 606; Publication No. 264). This research is contribution EcoFOCI-N705 to NOAA's Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations and PMEL contribution # 3276. We thank the Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering division of the National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center for collecting and providing jellyfish and environmental data. We thank Cathleen Vestfals for preparing the bottom trawl survey map. We also thank the Associate Editor and three reviewers whose comments resulted in great improvement in the manuscript. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 16 IS 2 BP 185 EP 201 DI 10.1007/s13253-010-0044-4 PG 17 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 777GN UT WOS:000291604000003 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Reed, S Kitzmiller, D AF Zhang, Yu Reed, Seann Kitzmiller, David TI Effects of Retrospective Gauge-Based Readjustment of Multisensor Precipitation Estimates on Hydrologic Simulations SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME ESTIMATION; RADAR RAINFALL DATA; SACRAMENTO MODEL; VARIABILITY; TERRAIN; PROJECT; BIAS AB This paper presents methodologies for mitigating temporally inconsistent biases in National Weather Service (NWS) real-time multisensor quantitative precipitation estimates (MQPEs) through rain gauge-based readjustments, and examines their effects on streamflow simulations. In this study, archived MQPEs over 1997-2006 for the Middle Atlantic River Forecast Center (MARFC) area of responsibility were readjusted at monthly and daily scales using two gridded gauge products. The original and readjusted MQPEs were applied as forcing to the NWS Distributed Hydrologic Model for 12 catchments in the domain of MARFC. The resultant hourly streamflow simulations were compared for two subperiods divided along November 2003, when a software error that gave rise to a low bias in MQPEs was fixed. It was found that readjustment at either time scale improved the consistency in the bias in streamflow simulations. For the earlier period, independent monthly and daily readjustments considerably improved the streamflow simulations for most basins as judged by bias and correlation. By contrast, for the later period the effects were mixed across basins. It was also found that 1) readjustments tended to be more effective in the cool rather than warm season, 2) refining the readjustment resolution to daily had mixed effects on streamflow simulations, and 3) at the daily scale, redistributing gauge rainfall is beneficial for periods with substantial missing MQPEs. C1 [Zhang, Yu; Reed, Seann; Kitzmiller, David] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, 1325 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM yu.zhang@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 12 IS 3 BP 429 EP 443 DI 10.1175/2010JHM1200.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 777AF UT WOS:000291584300006 ER PT J AU Davis, JM Newbury, DE Fahey, A Ritchie, NWM Vicenzi, E Bentz, D AF Davis, Jeffrey M. Newbury, Dale E. Fahey, Albert Ritchie, Nicholas W. M. Vicenzi, Edward Bentz, Dale TI Bridging the Micro-to-Macro Gap: A New Application for Micro X-Ray Fluorescence SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE imaging; mapping; analysis; concrete; meteorites; elemental ID MICROFLUORESCENCE AB X-ray elemental mapping and X-ray spectrum imaging are powerful microanalytical tools. However, their scope is often limited spatially by the raster area of a scanning electron microscope or microprobe. Limited sampling size becomes a significant issue when large area(>10 cm(2)), heterogeneous materials such as concrete samples or others must be examined. In such specimens, macro-scale structures, inclusions, and concentration gradients are often of interest, yet microbeam methods are insufficient or at least inefficient for analyzing them. Such requirements largely exclude the samples of interest presented in this article from electron probe microanalysis. Micro X-ray fluorescence-X-ray spectrum imaging (mu XRF-XSI) provides a solution to the problem of macro-scale X-ray imaging through an X-ray excitation source, which can be used to analyze a variety of large specimens without many of the limitations found in electron-excitation sources. Using a mid-sized beam coupled with an X-ray excitation source has a number of advantages, such as the ability to work at atmospheric pressure and lower limits of detection owing to the absence of electron-induced bremsstrahlung. mu XRF-XSI also acts as a complement, where applicable, to electron microbeam X-ray output, highlighting areas of interest for follow-up microanalysis at a finer length scale. C1 [Davis, Jeffrey M.; Newbury, Dale E.; Fahey, Albert; Ritchie, Nicholas W. M.; Vicenzi, Edward] NIST, Microanal Res Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bentz, Dale] NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Davis, JM (reprint author), NIST, Microanal Res Grp, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeff.davis@nist.gov RI Fahey, Albert/C-5611-2015 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 17 IS 3 BP 410 EP 417 DI 10.1017/S1431927611000183 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 775FN UT WOS:000291444200012 PM 21600071 ER PT J AU Kimberlain, TB Brennan, MJ AF Kimberlain, Todd B. Brennan, Michael J. TI Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season of 2009 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Review ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; FORECASTS AB The 2009 eastern North Pacific hurricane season had near normal activity, with a total of 17 named storms, of which seven became hurricanes and four became major hurricanes. One hurricane and one tropical storm made landfall in Mexico, directly causing four deaths in that country along with moderate to severe property damage. Another cyclone that remained offshore caused an additional direct death in Mexico. On average, the National Hurricane Center track forecasts in the eastern North Pacific for 2009 were quite skillful. C1 [Kimberlain, Todd B.; Brennan, Michael J.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL 33165 USA. RP Kimberlain, TB (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Natl Hurricane Ctr, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA. EM todd.kimberlain@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 139 IS 6 BP 1657 EP 1672 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3497.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 773WN UT WOS:000291342300001 ER PT J AU Chou, KH Wu, CC Lin, PH Aberson, SD Weissmann, M Harnisch, F Nakazawa, T AF Chou, Kun-Hsuan Wu, Chun-Chieh Lin, Po-Hsiung Aberson, Sim D. Weissmann, Martin Harnisch, Florian Nakazawa, Tetsuo TI The Impact of Dropwindsonde Observations on Typhoon Track Forecasts in DOTSTAR and T-PARC SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SENSITIVITY STEERING VECTOR; 4-DIMENSIONAL VARIATIONAL ASSIMILATION; POTENTIAL VORTICITY PERSPECTIVES; ECMWF OPERATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION; SYNOPTIC SURVEILLANCE; TARGETED OBSERVATIONS; MIDLATITUDE TROUGH; HURRICANE TRACK; SHANSHAN 2006; SYSTEM AB The typhoon surveillance program Dropwindsonde Observations for Typhoon Surveillance near the Taiwan Region (DOTSTAR) has been conducted since 2003 to obtain dropwindsonde observations around tropical cyclones near Taiwan. In addition, an international field project The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Pacific Asian Regional Campaign (T-PARC) in which dropwindsonde observations were obtained by both surveillance and reconnaissance flights was conducted in summer 2008 in the same region. In this study, the impact of the dropwindsonde data on track forecasts is investigated for DOTSTAR (2003-09) and T-PARC (2008) experiments. Two operational global models from NCEP and ECMWF are used to evaluate the impact of dropwindsonde data. In addition, the impact on the two-model mean is assessed. The impact of dropwindsonde data on track forecasts is different in the NCEP and ECMWF model systems. Using the NCEP system, the assimilation of dropwindsonde data leads to improvements in 1- to 5-day track forecasts in about 60% of the cases. The differences between track forecasts with and without the dropwindsonde data are generally larger for cases in which the data improved the forecasts than in cases in which the forecasts were degraded. Overall, the mean 1- to 5-day track forecast error is reduced by about 10%-20% for both DOTSTAR and T-PARC cases in the NCEP system. In the ECMWF system, the impact is not as beneficial as in the NCEP system, likely because of more extensive use of satellite data and more complex data assimilation used in the former, leading to better performance even without dropwindsonde data. The stronger impacts of the dropwindsonde data are revealed for the 3- to 5-day forecast in the two-model mean of the NCEP and ECMWF systems than for each individual model. C1 [Wu, Chun-Chieh; Lin, Po-Hsiung] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Chou, Kun-Hsuan] Chinese Culture Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. [Aberson, Sim D.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, AOML, Miami, FL USA. [Weissmann, Martin; Harnisch, Florian] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Nakazawa, Tetsuo] JMA, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Wu, CC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM cwu@typhoon.as.ntu.edu.tw RI Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013; Weissmann, Martin/C-9084-2013; nakazawa, tetsuo/P-9063-2014; OI Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100; LIN, PO-HSIUNG/0000-0002-6410-6221; Wu, Chun-Chieh/0000-0002-3612-4537 FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC97-2111-M-002-016-MY3, NSC-98-2111-M-034-002]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-05-1-0672, N00173-08-1-G007]; National Taiwan University [97R0302]; Central Weather Bureau [MOTC-CWB-97-6M-01]; Academia Sinica; ECMWF; United States (National Science Foundation, Office of Naval Research, Naval Research Laboratory, Air Force); Germany (DLR, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe); Japan (Japanese Meteorological Agency); Korea (National Institute of Meteorological Research); Canada (Environment Canada) FX The work is supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan through Grants NSC97-2111-M-002-016-MY3 and NSC-98-2111-M-034-002, the Office of Naval Research Grants N00014-05-1-0672 and N00173-08-1-G007, National Taiwan University Grant 97R0302, the Central Weather Bureau Grant MOTC-CWB-97-6M-01, and the Academia Sinica. The authors thank all DOTSTAR team members for their efforts and all people who contributed to the observations during T-PARC. Additionally, support from ECMWF and NCEP for the data denial runs is acknowledged. Florian Harnisch and Martin Weissmann are part of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) research unit PANDOWAE (http://www.pandowae.de).; T-PARC was sponsored by an international consortium from the United States (National Science Foundation, Office of Naval Research, Naval Research Laboratory, Air Force), Germany (DLR, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe), Japan (Japanese Meteorological Agency), Korea (National Institute of Meteorological Research), and Canada (Environment Canada). The role of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Earth Observing Laboratory (NCAR EOL) in the campaign and data management is acknowledged. NR 30 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 139 IS 6 BP 1728 EP 1743 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3582.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 773WN UT WOS:000291342300005 ER PT J AU Gopalakrishnan, SG Marks, F Zhang, XJ Bao, JW Yeh, KS Atlas, R AF Gopalakrishnan, Sundararaman G. Marks, Frank, Jr. Zhang, Xuejin Bao, Jian-Wen Yeh, Kao-San Atlas, Robert TI The Experimental HWRF System: A Study on the Influence of Horizontal Resolution on the Structure and Intensity Changes in Tropical Cyclones Using an Idealized Framework SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID AXISYMMETRICAL NUMERICAL-MODEL; INDUCED SECONDARY FLOWS; SEA INTERACTION THEORY; HURRICANE-ANDREW 1992; VORTEX ROSSBY WAVES; INNER-CORE; PART II; RAPID INTENSIFICATION; SCALE CHARACTERISTICS; POTENTIAL INTENSITY AB Forecasting intensity changes in tropical cyclones (TCs) is a complex and challenging multiscale problem. While cloud-resolving numerical models using a horizontal grid resolution of 1-3 km are starting to show some skill in predicting the intensity changes in individual cases, it is not clear at this time what may be a reasonable horizontal resolution for forecasting TC intensity changes on a day-to-day-basis. The Experimental Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting System (HWRFX) was used within an idealized framework to gain a fundamental understanding of the influence of horizontal grid resolution on the dynamics of TC vortex intensification in three dimensions. HWFRX is a version of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) model specifically adopted and developed jointly at NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) and Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) for studying the intensity change problem at a model grid resolution of about 3 km. Based on a series of numerical experiments at the current operating resolution of about 9 km and at a finer resolution of about 3 km, it was found that improved resolution had very little impact on the initial spinup of the vortex. An initial axisymmetric vortex with a maximum wind speed of 20 m s(-1) rapidly intensified to 50 m s(-1) within about 24 h in either case. During the spinup process, buoyancy appears to have had a pivotal influence on the formation of the warm core and the subsequent rapid intensification of the modeled vortex. The high-resolution simulation at 3 km produced updrafts as large as 48 m s(-1). However, these extreme events were rare, and this study indicated that these events may not contribute significantly to rapid deepening. Additionally, although the structure of the buoyant plumes may differ at 9- and 3-km resolution, interestingly, the axisymmetric structure of the simulated TCs exhibited major similarities. Specifically, the similarities included a deep inflow layer extending up to about 2 km in height with a tangentially averaged maximum inflow velocity of about 12-15 m s(-1), vertical updrafts with an average velocity of about 2 m s(-1), and a very strong outflow produced at both resolutions for a mature storm. It was also found in either case that the spinup of the primary circulation occurred not only due to the weak inflow above the boundary layer but also due to the convergence of vorticity within the boundary layer. Nevertheless, the mature phase of the storm's evolution exhibited significantly different patterns of behavior at 9 and 3 km. While the minimum pressure at the end of 96 h was 934 hPa for the 9-km simulation, it was about 910 hPa for the 3-km run. The maximum tangential wind at that time showed a difference of about 10 m s(-1). Several sensitivity experiments related to the initial vortex intensity, initial radius of the maximum wind, and physics were performed. Based on ensembles of simulations, it appears that radial advection of the tangential wind and, consequently, radial flux of vorticity become important forcing terms in the momentum budget of the mature storm. Stronger convergence in the boundary layer leads to a larger transport of moisture fluxes and, subsequently, a stronger storm at higher resolution. C1 [Gopalakrishnan, Sundararaman G.; Marks, Frank, Jr.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Xuejin; Yeh, Kao-San] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Bao, Jian-Wen] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Gopalakrishnan, SG (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM gopal@noaa.gov RI Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011; Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Gopalakrishnan , Sundararaman /I-5773-2013; Zhang, Xuejin/B-3085-2014 OI Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560; Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Gopalakrishnan , Sundararaman /0000-0003-1384-7860; Zhang, Xuejin/0000-0003-2630-534X FU Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project FX The authors acknowledge funding from the Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project that supported this work. The model was primarily developed at NCEP. The first author wishes to acknowledge several of the scientists at NCEP for their help during the development of this modeling system. The authors acknowledge Dr. Paul Reasor for providing useful comments on improving the original version of this manuscript. Thanks are also due to Gail Derr for offering editorial support. The authors also wish to thank both of the reviewers for providing us with encouraging and insightful comments that led to further improvements of this manuscript. NR 58 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 139 IS 6 BP 1762 EP 1784 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3535.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 773WN UT WOS:000291342300007 ER PT J AU Emersic, C Heinselman, PL MacGorman, DR Bruning, EC AF Emersic, C. Heinselman, P. L. MacGorman, D. R. Bruning, E. C. TI Lightning Activity in a Hail-Producing Storm Observed with Phased-Array Radar SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SEVERE THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; POLARITY ELECTRICAL STRUCTURES; CHARGE-TRANSFER; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; SIMULATED ELECTRIFICATION; HOKURIKU DISTRICT; TORNADIC STORM; MAPPING ARRAY; GROWTH-RATES; SPACE-CHARGE AB This study examined lightning activity relative to the rapidly evolving kinematics of a hail-producing storm on 15 August 2006. Data were provided by the National Weather Radar Testbed Phased-Array Radar, the Oklahoma Lightning Mapping Array, and the National Lightning Detection Network. This analysis is the first to compare the electrical characteristics of a hail-producing storm with the reflectivity and radial velocity structure at temporal resolutions of less than 1 min. Total flash rates increased to approximately 220 min(-1) as the storm's updraft first intensified, leveled off during its first mature stage, and then decreased for 2-3 min despite the simultaneous development of another updraft surge. This reduction in flash rate occurred as wet hail formed in the new updraft and was likely related to the wet growth; wet growth is not conducive to hydrometeor charging and probably contributed to the formation of a "lightning hole'' without a mesocyclone. Total flash rates subsequently increased to approximately 450 min(-1) as storm volume and inferred graupel volume increased, and then decreased as the storm dissipated. The vertical charge structure in the storm initially formed a positive tripole (midlevel negative charge between upper and lower positive charges). The charge structure in the second updraft surge consisted of a negative charge above a deep midlevel positive charge, a reversal consistent with the effects of large liquid water contents on hydrometeor charge polarity in laboratory experiments. Prior to the second updraft surge, the storm produced two cloud-to-ground flashes, both lowering the usual negative charge to ground. Shortly before hail likely reached ground, the storm produced four cloud-to-ground flashes, all lowering the positive charge. Episodes of high singlet VHF sources were observed at approximately 13-15 km during the initial formation and later intensification of the storm's updraft. C1 [Emersic, C.; Heinselman, P. L.; MacGorman, D. R.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Emersic, C.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Convect Syst, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Bruning, E. C.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Heinselman, PL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM pam.heinselman@noaa.gov OI MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196 FU NSF [ATM-0813767, ATM-0233268] FX Funding for this research was provided by NSF Grants ATM-0813767 and ATM-0233268. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The authors wish to thank Drs. Ron Thomas, Bill Rison, and Paul Krehbiel for their help with data analysis, support with the required software and hardware, and assistance in general. NR 74 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 139 IS 6 BP 1809 EP 1825 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3574.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 773WN UT WOS:000291342300009 ER PT J AU Wong, KKF AF Wong, Kevin K. F. TI Seismic energy analysis of structures with nonlinear fluid viscous dampers-algorithm and numerical verification SO STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF TALL AND SPECIAL BUILDINGS LA English DT Article ID OF-THE-ART; EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE; SYSTEMS AB To protect structures from suffering significant damage during a major earthquake, fluid viscous dampers (FVDs) have been used in both newly constructed and seismically retrofitted structures to effectively reduce dynamic responses. The main benefit of installing FVDs into structures is to dissipate larger portions of earthquake induced energy through viscous damping, thereby decreasing energy dissipation demands on structural members, which, in turn, reduces structural damage. The objective of this paper is to propose a simple numerical algorithm for analysing the dynamic response and energy transfer of inelastic structures with nonlinear FVDs. This numerical algorithm uses the state space method of dynamic analysis, an explicit time-stepping method that has proven to be both numerically accurate and time efficient, as well as the force analogy method to determine the inelasticity of structures and to quantify the corresponding plastic energy when inelastic structural behaviour occurs. Numerical verification of the algorithm is performed by comparing nonlinear time history structural responses of using a linear FVD in a single degree of freedom system. Application of the algorithm on studying the effectiveness of installing FVDs with different nonlinear power law coefficients and damping coefficients are also investigated and presented. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wong, KKF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab,100 Bur Dr,MS 8604, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kfwong@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1541-7794 J9 STRUCT DES TALL SPEC JI Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 20 IS 4 SI SI BP 482 EP 496 DI 10.1002/tal.602 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 777FE UT WOS:000291600500005 ER PT J AU Zambano, AJ Oguchi, H Takeuchi, I Liu, JP Lofland, SE Bendersky, LA Liu, Y Wang, ZL AF Zambano, A. J. Oguchi, H. Takeuchi, I. Liu, J. P. Lofland, S. E. Bendersky, L. A. Liu, Y. Wang, Z. L. TI Experimental evidence of dipolar interaction in bilayer nanocomposite magnets SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article AB We use magnetic thin film hard/non/soft-magnetic trilayer systems to probe the nature of the hard-soft phase interaction and the role played by dipolar fields in one-dimensional (d) magnetic systems. We have systematically investigated six wedge samples where the thickness of a Cu spacer layer (t (Cu)) was gradually changed to create a varying interfacial effect on the interaction between a CoPt hard layer and a Fe soft layer. Magneto-optical Kerr effect was used to obtain the magnetization loops at 28 points on each sample, and the nucleation field (H (N) ) as a function of t (Cu) was employed to characterize the layer interaction as a function of t (Cu). H (N) (t (Cu)) show a RKKY oscillatory behavior in addition to a non-negligible dipolar contribution, which had an exponential dependence. The dipolar term, which cannot be always neglected, is affected by the interface roughness and also by the CoPt crystallinity. Therefore, we cannot always consider exchange coupling to be the dominant interaction in one-d hard-soft magnetic bilayer systems, particularly, during magnetic reversal. C1 [Zambano, A. J.; Oguchi, H.; Takeuchi, I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zambano, A. J.; Oguchi, H.; Takeuchi, I.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, J. P.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Lofland, S. E.] Rowan Univ, Dept Phys, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. [Bendersky, L. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Y.; Wang, Z. L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Zambano, AJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM tonyza@hotmail.com; h.oguchi@imr.tohoku.ac.jp; takeuchi@umd.edu; pliu@uta.edu; lofland@rowan.edu; leonid.bendersky@nist.gov; zhong.wang@mse.gtech.com RI Liu, Yuzi/C-6849-2011; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Wang, Zhong Lin/E-2176-2011; Oguchi, Hiroyuki/R-5305-2016; OI Wang, Zhong Lin/0000-0002-5530-0380; Lofland, Samuel/0000-0002-1024-5103 FU ONR/MURI [N00014-05-1-0497]; NSF [DMR 0231291] FX This work was supported by ONR/MURI under Grant No. N00014-05-1-0497 and NSF DMR 0231291. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 103 IS 4 BP 1183 EP 1187 DI 10.1007/s00339-010-6073-6 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 774AP UT WOS:000291354000037 ER PT J AU Urbas, AA Choquette, SJ AF Urbas, Aaron A. Choquette, Steven J. TI Automated Spectral Smoothing with Spatially Adaptive Penalized Least Squares SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Automated smoothing; Noise reduction; Penalized least squares; Nonparametric regression; Multiscale statistics ID NOISE RATIO ENHANCEMENT; NONPARAMETRIC REGRESSION; BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION; BANDWIDTH SELECTION; VARIABLE BANDWIDTH; LOCAL EXTREMES; RAMAN-SPECTRA; SPIKE NOISE; SPLINES; STRINGS AB A variety of data smoothing techniques exist to address the issue of noise in spectroscopic data. The vast majority, however, require parameter specification by a knowledgeable user, which is typically accomplished by trial and error. In most situations, optimized parameters represent a compromise between noise reduction and signal preservation. In this work, we demonstrate a nonparametric regression approach to spectral smoothing using a spatially adaptive penalized least squares (SAPLS) approach. An iterative optimization procedure is employed that permits gradual flexibility in the smooth fit when statistically significant trends based on multiscale statistics assuming white Gaussian noise are detected. With an estimate of the noise level in the spectrum the procedure is fully automatic with a specified confidence level for the statistics. Potential application to the heteroscedastic noise case is also demonstrated. Performance was assessed in simulations conducted on several synthetic spectra using traditional error measures as well as comparisons of local extrema in the resulting smoothed signals to those in the true spectra. For the simulated spectra, a best case comparison with the Savitzky-Golay smoothing via an exhaustive parameter search was performed while the SAPLS method was assessed for automated application. The application to several dissimilar experimentally obtained Raman spectra is also presented. C1 [Urbas, Aaron A.; Choquette, Steven J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Urbas, AA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM aaron.urbas@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU Test & Evaluation and Standards Division, Science and Technology Directorate, of the Department of Homeland Security FX This work was supported in part by the Test & Evaluation and Standards Division, Science and Technology Directorate, of the Department of Homeland Security. The authors would like to thank David Duewer and Stefan Leigh for their helpful comments and discussion. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 65 IS 6 BP 665 EP 677 DI 10.1366/10-05971 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 772KF UT WOS:000291232100014 PM 21639989 ER PT J AU Kumar, KK Kamala, K Rajagopalan, B Hoerling, MP Eischeid, JK Patwardhan, SK Srinivasan, G Goswami, BN Nemani, R AF Kumar, K. Krishna Kamala, K. Rajagopalan, Balaji Hoerling, Martin P. Eischeid, Jon K. Patwardhan, S. K. Srinivasan, G. Goswami, B. N. Nemani, Ramakrishna TI The once and future pulse of Indian monsoonal climate SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; ATMOSPHERIC BROWN CLOUDS; RICE YIELDS; DAILY RAINFALL; IPCC AR4; EL-NINO; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; MODEL AB We present a comprehensive assessment of the present and expected future pulse of the Indian monsoon climate based on observational and global climate model projections. The analysis supports the view that seasonal Indian monsoon rains in the latter half of the 21th century may not be materially different in abundance to that experienced today although their intensity and duration of wet and dry spells may change appreciably. Such an assessment comes with considerable uncertainty. With regard to temperature, however, we find that the Indian temperatures during the late 21st Century will very likely exceed the highest values experienced in the 130-year instrumental record of Indian data. This assessment comes with higher confidence than for rainfall because of the large spatial scale driving the thermal response of climate to greenhouse gas forcing. We also find that monsoon climate changes, especially temperature, could heighten human and crop mortality posing a socio-economic threat to the Indian subcontinent. C1 [Kumar, K. Krishna; Patwardhan, S. K.; Goswami, B. N.] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Kamala, K.] Univ Paris 06, LOCEAN IPSL, Paris, France. [Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hoerling, Martin P.; Eischeid, Jon K.] NOAA ESRL PSD, Boulder, CO USA. [Srinivasan, G.] RIMES, Pathunthani, Thailand. [Nemani, Ramakrishna] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Kumar, KK (reprint author), Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune, Maharashtra, India. EM krishnakumar.kanikicharla@gmail.com RI Rajagopalan, Balaji/A-5383-2013 OI Rajagopalan, Balaji/0000-0002-6883-7240 FU NASA; UK India Education and Research Initiative (UKIERI); NOAA's climate program office; UK Met office Hadley Center, under DEFRA, a UK funded project FX Part of the work was carried out by the first two authors during the visiting assignments at NASA-ARC and Hadley Center UK Met Office with the funding support from NASA Applied Sciences/Ecological Forecasting program and the UK India Education and Research Initiative (UKIERI) respectively. The fourth author acknowledges the support from NOAA's climate program office. PRECIS simulations were carried out with the help from UK Met office Hadley Center, under DEFRA, a UK funded project. We thank the reviewers for their insightful comments which helped improve the manuscript significantly. NR 59 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 36 IS 11-12 BP 2159 EP 2170 DI 10.1007/s00382-010-0974-0 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 771NK UT WOS:000291165900009 ER PT J AU Simmons, JM Wu, H Zhou, W Yildirim, T AF Simmons, Jason M. Wu, Hui Zhou, Wei Yildirim, Taner TI Carbon capture in metal-organic frameworks-a comparative study SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ZEOLITIC IMIDAZOLATE FRAMEWORKS; HIGH-CAPACITY; ADSORPTION PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR SIMULATION; HYDROGEN STORAGE; METHANE STORAGE; DIOXIDE CAPTURE; GAS-ADSORPTION; ISOSTERIC HEAT; CO2 ADSORPTION AB Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been shown to be excellent materials for storage of carbon dioxide, implying that they could be useful for removal of carbon dioxide from flue gas stacks, however their performance in industrially relevant swing adsorption processes for carbon capture has not been studied. Here we show that the efficacy of MOFs for carbon capture depends dramatically on the process and that some MOFs can provide significant carbon capture under typical pressure and vacuum swing processes. In particular, MOFs that possess coordinatively unsaturated metal centers offer as much as 9 mmol g(-1) swing capacity under certain conditions. The results herein clearly show that there is no single ideal compound for carbon capture applications and that different materials can perform better or worse depending on the specific process conditions. In addition to their capture performances, we have also investigated their selectivity to carbon dioxide over that of nitrogen and methane. The analysis provided clearly demonstrates that the performance of a given MOF cannot be determined without also considering the detailed industrial process in which the MOF is to be applied. C1 [Simmons, Jason M.; Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Simmons, JM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jason.simmons@nist.gov RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617 FU U. S. Department of Energy through BES [DE-FG02-08ER46522]; National Research Council FX We thank X.-S. Wang, S. Ma and H.-C. Zhou from Miami University of Ohio (now Texas A&M) for access to the PCN-11 and PCN-16 samples. This work was partially supported by the U. S. Department of Energy through BES grant no. DE-FG02-08ER46522 (T.Y.). J.M.S. acknowledges support from the National Research Council Postdoctoral Associate Program. NR 57 TC 163 Z9 164 U1 5 U2 83 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 4 IS 6 BP 2177 EP 2185 DI 10.1039/c0ee00700e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 772FG UT WOS:000291219100030 ER PT J AU Tan, KT White, CC Hunston, DL AF Tan, Kar Tean White, Christopher C. Hunston, Donald L. TI An adhesion test method for spray-applied fire-resistive materials SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ASTM E736; adhesion; cantilever beam; fracture mechanics; spray-applied fire-resistive materials AB Adhesion of spray-applied fire-resistive materials (SFRMs) to steel structures is critical in enabling a building to remain functional during a fire for a specific period of time for life safety and fire department access. Empirical tests such as ASTM E736 have been widely adopted by the industry in an effort to ensure sufficient bonding between SFRMs and steel structures. ASTM E736 assesses the adhesion of SFRMs by using tensile strength, a failure parameter that depends on the test geometry and has limited use for predicting failure in other geometries and conditions. These limitations have produced an urgent need for a scientifically based adhesion test method. In this paper, we propose a new test method that would provide more fundamental information that is independent of test geometry and has predictive capability. This paper utilizes a fracture energy-based failure criterion (G(C)) to characterize the adhesion between SFRMs and steel. The theoretical basis of this test method is validated by experimental compliance tests. The dependence of G(C) on various test variables such as specimen width, substrate type, SFRM formulation, and test rate are examined. A comparison between this new test method, and the current widely used strength-based test method is also presented. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Tan, Kar Tean; White, Christopher C.; Hunston, Donald L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP White, CC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Mat & Construct Res Div, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christopher.white@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU Performance Assessment and Optimization of Fire Resistive Materials Consortium FX Contract/grant sponsor: Performance Assessment and Optimization of Fire Resistive Materials Consortium NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0308-0501 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD JUN-JUL PY 2011 VL 35 IS 4 BP 245 EP 259 DI 10.1002/fam.1050 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 772CB UT WOS:000291207100004 ER PT J AU Paulter, NG Larson, DR AF Paulter, Nicholas G., Jr. Larson, Donald R. TI Pulse Metrology: Part 1 Part 32 in a series of tutorials on instrumentation and measurement SO IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID SAMPLING OSCILLOSCOPES; CALIBRATION; TRANSITION C1 [Paulter, Nicholas G., Jr.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Paulter, Nicholas G., Jr.; Larson, Donald R.] NIST, Law Enforcement Stand Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Larson, Donald R.] NIST, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Larson, Donald R.] NIST, Optoelect Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM paulter@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1094-6969 EI 1941-0123 J9 IEEE INSTRU MEAS MAG JI IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 14 IS 3 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 769VC UT WOS:000291045400009 ER PT J AU Schooley, JF AF Schooley, James F., Sr. TI Well, What Time Is It? SO IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Schooley, James F., Sr.] NBS, Heat Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Schooley, James F., Sr.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Schooley, JF (reprint author), NIST Stand Alumni Assoc, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jmaschooley@comcast.net RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1094-6969 J9 IEEE INSTRU MEAS MAG JI IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 14 IS 3 BP 49 EP 51 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 769VC UT WOS:000291045400011 ER PT J AU Kim, S Kuester, EF Holloway, CL Scher, AD Baker-Jarvis, J AF Kim, Sung Kuester, Edward F. Holloway, Christopher L. Scher, Aaron D. Baker-Jarvis, James TI Boundary Effects on the Determination of Metamaterial Parameters From Normal Incidence Reflection and Transmission Measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTCs); line-reflect-line (LRL); metamaterial; permeability; permittivity; refractive index; wave impedance ID NEGATIVE-REFRACTIVE-INDEX; ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; LINE; PARTICLES; SURFACE; PERMITTIVITY; CONSTANT; VELOCITY; METAFILM; LAYERS AB A method is described for the determination of the effective electromagnetic parameters of a metamaterial based only on external measurements or simulations, taking boundary effects at the interfaces between a conventional material and metamaterial into account. Plane-wave reflection and transmission coefficients at the interfaces are regarded as additional unknowns to be determined, rather than explicitly dependent on the material parameters. Our technique is thus analogous to the line-reflect-line (LRL) calibration method in microwave measurements. The refractive index can be determined from S-parameters for two samples of different thickness. The effective wave impedance requires the additional assumption that generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTCs) account for the boundary effects. Expressions for the bulk permittivity and permeability then follow easily. Our method is validated by comparison with the results using the Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW) for determining properties of an ordinary material measured in a coaxial line. Utilizing S-parameters obtained from 3-D full wave simulations, we test the method on magnetodielectric metamaterials. We compare the results from our method and the conventional one that does not consider boundary effects. Moreover, it is shown that results from our method are consistent under changes in reference plane location, whereas the results from other methods are not. C1 [Kim, Sung; Kuester, Edward F.; Scher, Aaron D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Holloway, Christopher L.; Baker-Jarvis, James] NIST, RF Technol Div, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sung.kim-1@colorado.edu NR 51 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 24 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 59 IS 6 BP 2226 EP 2240 DI 10.1109/TAP.2011.2143679 PN 2 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 773YO UT WOS:000291348300019 ER PT J AU Distin, JS Motowidlo, LR Lee, PJ Larbalestier, DC Ghosh, AK Lu, XF Cheggour, N Stauffer, TC Goodrich, LF AF Distin, J. S. Motowidlo, L. R. Lee, P. J. Larbalestier, D. C. Ghosh, A. K. Lu, X. F. Cheggour, N. Stauffer, T. C. Goodrich, L. F. TI Development of a Multifilament PIT V3Ga Conductor for Fusion Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Fusion; ITER; PIT; V3Ga ID CRITICAL CURRENTS; WIRES; REACTOR AB Previous studies on V3Ga assert its suitability for use in proposed fusion reactors. V3Ga may outperform Nb3Sn in a fusion reactor environment based on its relatively flat critical-current profile in the 15 T-20 T range, resilience to applied strain, and reduced risk of induced radioactivity. A multifilament powder-intube V3Ga conductor was designed, fabricated and tested with a focus on evaluating critical current versus applied field and applied strain performance, wire drawing difficulties, heat-treatment optimization, and overall feasibility of the concept. C1 [Distin, J. S.; Motowidlo, L. R.] SupraMagnetics Inc, Plantsville, CT 06479 USA. [Lee, P. J.; Larbalestier, D. C.] NHFML, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Ghosh, A. K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Lu, X. F.; Cheggour, N.; Stauffer, T. C.; Goodrich, L. F.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Distin, JS (reprint author), SupraMagnetics Inc, Plantsville, CT 06479 USA. EM distin@ccsu.edu; lmoto@cox.net RI Lu, Xifeng/D-9582-2011; Larbalestier, David/B-2277-2008; Cheggour, Najib/K-2769-2012 OI Larbalestier, David/0000-0001-7098-7208; Cheggour, Najib/0000-0002-0741-3065 FU US Department of Energy [SC0000962] FX Manuscript received August 03, 2010; accepted December 22, 2010. Date of publication February 07, 2011; date of current version May 27, 2011. This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy under Grant SC0000962. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 2529 EP 2532 DI 10.1109/TASC.2010.2103351 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 770DW UT WOS:000291068200009 ER PT J AU Peng, X Gregory, E Tomsic, M Sumption, MD Ghosh, A Lu, XF Cheggour, N Stauffer, TC Goodrich, LF Splett, JD AF Peng, X. Gregory, E. Tomsic, M. Sumption, M. D. Ghosh, A. Lu, X. F. Cheggour, N. Stauffer, T. C. Goodrich, L. F. Splett, J. D. TI Strain and Magnetization Properties of High Subelement Count Tube-Type Nb3Sn Strands SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Axial strain; irreversible strain limit; low loss; Nb3Sn superconductor; tube approach ID FIELD AB A tubular technique for economical production of Nb3Sn material with large numbers of subelements is being explored by Supergenics I LLC and Hyper Tech Research Inc. The number of subelements was increased to 919 (744 subelements plus 175 Cu filaments) by increasing the size at which restacking is carried out. The product exhibited no fabrication problems and was drawn down and tested at a wire diameter of 0.42 mm, where the subelements are 10 mu m diameter. Recently we increased the subelement number to 1387 (1248 subelements plus 139 Cu filaments), which gives a subelement size of 12 mu m 0.7 mm diameter wires. Heat treatment (HT) of different subelement restacks has been investigated, and the best results of critical current and stability are presented. The strain tolerance of the strands with 192 and 744 subelements was also tested, and the strand with fine subelement size showed a high intrinsic irreversible strain limit. C1 [Peng, X.; Tomsic, M.] Hyper Tech Res, Columbus, OH 43228 USA. [Gregory, E.] Supergen I LLC, Jefferson, MA 01522 USA. [Sumption, M. D.] Ohio State Univ, Lab Appl Superconduct & Magnetism, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ghosh, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Lu, X. F.; Cheggour, N.; Stauffer, T. C.; Goodrich, L. F.; Splett, J. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Peng, X (reprint author), Hyper Tech Res, Columbus, OH 43228 USA. EM xpeng@hypertechresearch.com RI Lu, Xifeng/D-9582-2011; Cheggour, Najib/K-2769-2012; Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Cheggour, Najib/0000-0002-0741-3065; Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-03ER83789, DE-FG02-05ER84380] FX Manuscript received August 03, 2010; accepted November 29, 2010. Date of publication January 20, 2011; date of current version May 27, 2011. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under Supergenics I LLC's SBIR Grants DE-FG02-03ER83789 and DE-FG02-05ER84380. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 2559 EP 2562 DI 10.1109/TASC.2010.2100013 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 770DW UT WOS:000291068200016 ER PT J AU Lu, XF Cheggour, N Stauffer, TC Clickner, CC Goodrich, LF Trociewitz, U Myers, D Holesinger, TG AF Lu, X. F. Cheggour, N. Stauffer, T. C. Clickner, C. C. Goodrich, L. F. Trociewitz, U. Myers, D. Holesinger, T. G. TI Electromechanical Characterization of Bi-2212 Strands SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Axial strain; Bi-2212 wires; critical current density; stress-strain; yield strength; Young's modulus ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; AXIAL STRAIN; SUPERCONDUCTING WIRES; CRITICAL CURRENTS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; DEPENDENCE; NB3SN; SHEATH; TAPES AB The uniaxial strain dependence of critical current was measured both in tension and compression in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (Bi-2212) high-temperature superconducting round wires. Permanent damage to the critical current easily occurred due to strain. To improve the electromechanical properties of Bi-2212 wires, development of stronger sheathing materials is needed. Ideal materials would be not only mechanically strong, but also chemically compatible with Bi-2212 during the final heat treatment. To identify such materials, we measured stress-strain properties of some new Ag alloys and extracted their respective Young's modulus values and yield strength. The database may be useful for development of new Bi-2212 strands for fabricating high-field superconducting magnets above 20 T. C1 [Lu, X. F.; Cheggour, N.; Stauffer, T. C.; Clickner, C. C.; Goodrich, L. F.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lu, X. F.; Cheggour, N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Trociewitz, U.; Myers, D.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Holesinger, T. G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lu, XF (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM xifeng.lu@nist.gov RI Lu, Xifeng/D-9582-2011; Cheggour, Najib/K-2769-2012 OI Cheggour, Najib/0000-0002-0741-3065 FU U.S. DOE/HEP FX This work was supported by the U.S. DOE/HEP through the Very High Field Superconducting Magnet Collaboration (VHFSMC). Contribution of National Institute of Standards and Technology, not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 3086 EP 3089 DI 10.1109/TASC.2010.2084061 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 770DW UT WOS:000291068200142 ER PT J AU Yan, B Gharavi, H Hu, B AF Yan, Bo Gharavi, Hamid Hu, Bin TI Pixel Interlacing Based Video Transmission for Low-Complexity Intra-Frame Error Concealment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BROADCASTING LA English DT Article DE Error concealment; H.264/AVC; sub-band coding AB When multi-path fading and interference frequently disrupts a mobile radio communication system, it can seriously undermine its reliability for transmission of compressed video signals. In this paper, we present a pixel interlacing based video transmission system for low-complexity Intra-frame error concealment over error-prone mobile networks, especially under severe channel conditions. The proposed method, despite its low-complexity which is based on a simple pixel interlacing technique at the encoder, can significantly enhance the quality of the corrupted video signal. Experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly improve image quality (with the average PSNR gain up to 15.80 dB) in comparison with the existing methods. C1 [Yan, Bo] Fudan Univ, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Gharavi, Hamid; Hu, Bin] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yan, B (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM byan@fudan.edu.cn RI Yan, Bo/B-2502-2012 FU NSFC [61073067] FX Manuscript received July 12, 2010; revised February 28, 2011; accepted March 01, 2011. Date of publication April 19, 2011; date of current version May 25, 2011. This work is supported by NSFC under Grant 61073067. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9316 J9 IEEE T BROADCAST JI IEEE Trans. Broadcast. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 57 IS 2 BP 253 EP 257 DI 10.1109/TBC.2011.2127550 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 769HA UT WOS:000291002100008 ER PT J AU Zhou, J Yan, B Gharavi, H AF Zhou, Jie Yan, Bo Gharavi, Hamid TI Efficient Motion Vector Interpolation for Error Concealment of H.264/AVC (vol 57, pg 75, 2011) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BROADCASTING LA English DT Correction C1 [Zhou, Jie; Yan, Bo] Fudan Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Gharavi, Hamid] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhou, J (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM byan@fudan.edu.cn; gharavi@nist.gov RI Yan, Bo/B-2502-2012 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9316 J9 IEEE T BROADCAST JI IEEE Trans. Broadcast. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 57 IS 2 BP 326 EP 326 DI 10.1109/TBC.2011.2125330 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 769HA UT WOS:000291002100019 ER PT J AU Marcum, JC Kaufman, SH Weber, JM AF Marcum, Jesse C. Kaufman, Sydney H. Weber, J. Mathias TI UV-photodissociation of non-cyclic and cyclic mononucleotides SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Nucleotide; Mononucleotide; Photodissociation; Fragmentation ID COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; ULTRAFAST INTERNAL-CONVERSION; FLUORESCENCE UP-CONVERSION; EXCITED-STATE DYNAMICS; NONRADIATIVE DECAY; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ANIONS; DOUBLE-RESONANCE; DNA BASES; AB-INITIO; SPECTROSCOPY AB Irradiation of nucleotides in the gas phase with ultraviolet light can lead to their fragmentation. We present a comparison of UV photofragmentation data on ribo-, deoxyribo- and cyclic nucleotides with guanine and adenine as nucleobases. The envelope of the UV photofragment spectra does not depend significantly on the detailed structure of the sugar-phosphate backbone. The fragment channels observed in the photofragmentation of ribonucleotides are very similar to those of deoxyribonucleotides with small differences in the relative abundances of the product ions. In fragmentation of cyclic nucleotides, the deprotonated base anions are the most abundant fragments, in contrast to the non-cyclic nucleotides, where this channel is significantly weaker. We discuss the abundances in the context of possible fragmentation mechanisms and structural differences of the parent molecules. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Marcum, Jesse C.; Kaufman, Sydney H.; Weber, J. Mathias] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Weber, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, JILA, NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM weberjm@jila.colorado.edu RI Weber, J. Mathias/B-1618-2009 OI Weber, J. Mathias/0000-0002-5493-5886 FU National Science Foundation through the JILA Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Frontier Center [PHY-0551010, CHE-0845618] FX The authors would like to thank Professors Veronica Bierbaum and Chuck DePuy for useful discussions on properties of ion-molecule complexes. The authors gratefully acknowledge the National Science Foundation for funding through the JILA Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Frontier Center (Grant No. PHY-0551010) and through Grant No. CHE-0845618. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JUN 1 PY 2011 VL 303 IS 2-3 BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2011.01.021 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 771WL UT WOS:000291191300009 ER PT J AU Asa-Awuku, A Moore, RH Nenes, A Bahreini, R Holloway, JS Brock, CA Middlebrook, AM Ryerson, TB Jimenez, JL DeCarlo, PF Hecobian, A Weber, RJ Stickel, R Tanner, DJ Huey, LG AF Asa-Awuku, Akua Moore, Richard H. Nenes, Athanasios Bahreini, Roya Holloway, John S. Brock, Charles A. Middlebrook, Ann M. Ryerson, Thomas B. Jimenez, Jose L. DeCarlo, Peter F. Hecobian, Arsineh Weber, Rodney J. Stickel, Robert Tanner, Dave J. Huey, Lewis G. TI Airborne cloud condensation nuclei measurements during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; DROPLET GROWTH-KINETICS; SIZE-RESOLVED MEASUREMENTS; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; CCN ACTIVITY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; HYGROSCOPIC GROWTH AB Airborne measurements of aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) were conducted aboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WP-3D platform during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study/Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (TexAQS/GoMACCS). The measurements were conducted in regions influenced by industrial and urban sources. Observations show significant local variability of CCN activity (CCN/CN from 0.1 to 0.5 at s = 0.43%), while variability is less significant across regional scales (similar to 100 km x 100 km; CCN/CN is similar to 0.1 at s = 0.43%). CCN activity can increase with increasing plume age and oxygenated organic fraction. CCN measurements are compared to predictions for a number of mixing state and composition assumptions. Mixing state assumptions that assumed internally mixed aerosol predict CCN concentrations well. Assuming organics are as hygroscopic as ammonium sulfate consistently overpredicted CCN concentrations. On average, the water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) fraction is 60 +/- 14% of the organic aerosol. We show that CCN closure can be significantly improved by incorporating knowledge of the WSOC fraction with a prescribed organic hygroscopicity parameter (kappa = 0.16 or effective kappa similar to 0.3). This implies that the hygroscopicity of organic mass is primarily a function of the WSOC fraction. The overall aerosol hygroscopicity parameter varies between 0.08 and 0.88. Furthermore, droplet activation kinetics are variable and 60% of particles are smaller than the size characteristic of rapid droplet growth. C1 [Asa-Awuku, Akua; Moore, Richard H.; Nenes, Athanasios] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Asa-Awuku, Akua] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Bourns Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Nenes, Athanasios; Hecobian, Arsineh; Weber, Rodney J.; Stickel, Robert; Tanner, Dave J.; Huey, Lewis G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Bahreini, Roya; Holloway, John S.; Brock, Charles A.; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Ryerson, Thomas B.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bahreini, Roya; Holloway, John S.; Jimenez, Jose L.; DeCarlo, Peter F.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, Jose L.; DeCarlo, Peter F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, Jose L.; DeCarlo, Peter F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Asa-Awuku, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM akua@engr.ucr.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; DeCarlo, Peter/B-2118-2008; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Moore, Richard/E-9653-2010; Hecobian, Arsineh/A-9743-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; DeCarlo, Peter/0000-0001-6385-7149; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Hecobian, Arsineh/0000-0001-9511-4868; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; FU NOAA [NA08OAR4310565]; NSF; NASA; Georgia Tech FACES; DOE; Georgia Tech Presidents Fellowship; EPA [FP-91650801] FX A.N., R.M., and A. A. A. acknowledge financial support from NOAA ACC and an NSF CAREER award. A. A. A. acknowledges support from a NASA Earth System Sciences Fellowship and a Georgia Tech FACES Postdoctoral Fellowship, while R. H. M. acknowledges support from a DOE GCEP Graduate Research Fellowship and a Georgia Tech Presidents Fellowship. We would like to thank Oscar Vargas and Phillip Walkemeyer, who aided in the integration of the CCN instrument aboard the WP-3D. P. F. D. and J.L.J. acknowledge support from NOAA (NA08OAR4310565) and EPA (FP-91650801). NR 103 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 1 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D11201 DI 10.1029/2010JD014874 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 773OF UT WOS:000291315900003 ER PT J AU Zhang, JA Zhu, P Masters, FJ Rogers, RF Marks, FD AF Zhang, Jun A. Zhu, Ping Masters, Forrest J. Rogers, Robert F. Marks, Frank D. TI On Momentum Transport and Dissipative Heating during Hurricane Landfalls SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; TROPICAL CYCLONES; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; PART I; DRAG COEFFICIENT; TURBULENT FLUXES; MODEL; INTENSITY; SEA; PREDICTION AB Momentum transport and dissipative heating are investigated using the high-resolution (10 Hz) wind data collected by Florida Coastal Monitoring Program portable weather stations in the surface layer of three landfalling hurricanes. The momentum flux is calculated using the eddy correlation method. The drag coefficient is determined from the momentum flux and surface wind speed. The values of the momentum flux and drag coefficient are found to be generally larger than those observed over the ocean at similar wind speeds up to near hurricane strength. The rate of dissipation is determined from the wind velocity spectra. The dissipative heating is estimated using two different methods: 1) integrating the rate of dissipation in the surface layer and 2) multiplying the drag coefficient by the cubic of the surface wind speed. It is found that the second method, which has been widely used in previous theoretical and numerical studies, significantly overestimates the magnitude of dissipative heating. This finding is consistent with a recent study on estimation of the dissipative heating over the ocean using in situ aircraft observations. This study is a first attempt at estimating the magnitude of dissipative heating in landfalling hurricanes using in situ observations. The results are believed to offer useful guidance in numerical weather prediction efforts aimed at improving the forecast of hurricane intensity. C1 [Zhang, Jun A.; Rogers, Robert F.; Marks, Frank D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhu, Ping] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Masters, Forrest J.] Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Zhang, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jun.zhang@noaa.gov RI Masters, Forrest/D-1287-2011; Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012; Rogers, Robert/I-4428-2013 OI Masters, Forrest/0000-0001-8203-9846; Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; FU NOAA; National Research Council; National Science Foundation [ATM-0847332] FX This work was partially supported by the NOAA HFIP program. JZ also acknowledges the support from the National Research Council Research Associateship Award. PZ acknowledges the support from the National Science Foundation under Grant ATM-0847332. We thank Sim Aberson and Altug Aksoy for valuable comments on the early version of the manuscript. We thank the reviewers for their valuable comments, which improved the paper. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1397 EP 1404 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-10-05018.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 773WW UT WOS:000291343200017 ER PT J AU Nunes, FD Vasconcelos, TC Bezerra, M Weiner, J AF Nunes, Frederico Dias Vasconcelos, Thiago Campos Bezerra, Marcel Weiner, John TI Electromagnetic energy density in dispersive and dissipative media SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD ENERGY; METAMATERIALS; FREQUENCIES AB The description of the energy density associated with an electromagnetic field propagating through matter must treat two different phenomena: dispersion, the variation of the refractive index with frequency, and dissipation, the loss of field energy by absorption. In many cases, as in common dielectrics, the dispersive medium is essentially transparent, so dissipation can be neglected. For metals, however, both dispersion and dissipation must be taken into account, and their respective contributions vary significantly with the frequency of the electromagnetic field. Plasmonic structures such as slits, holes, and channel waveguides always involve surfaces between dielectrics and metals, and the energy density in the vicinity of the interface figures importantly in the dynamic response of these structures to light excitation in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions. Here we consider the electromagnetic energy density propagated on and dissipated at real metal-dielectric surfaces, including the important surface plasmon polariton, the wave guided by the interface. We show how the "stored energy" oscillates over an optical cycle between the plasmonic structure and the propagating surface mode, while the dissipated energy continues to accumulate over the same period. We calculate these energy densities for the case of the silver-air interface (using two datasets for silver permittivity commonly cited in the research literature) over a range of frequencies corresponding to the range of wavelengths from 200 to 2000nm. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Weiner, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nunes, Frederico Dias; Vasconcelos, Thiago Campos; Bezerra, Marcel] Univ Fed Pernambuco, DES, Grp Engn Informacao, BR-50670000 Recife, SP, Brazil. [Nunes, Frederico Dias; Vasconcelos, Thiago Campos; Bezerra, Marcel] Univ Sao Paulo, IFSC INSC, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Weiner, John] Univ Sao Paulo, IFSC INOF, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. RP Weiner, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 6203, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fdnunes@ufpe.br; johweiner@gmail.com RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, IFSC/USP/M-2664-2016 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1544 EP 1552 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 773NS UT WOS:000291314600026 ER PT J AU Rykaczewski, K Hildreth, OJ Wong, CP Fedorov, AG Scott, JHJ AF Rykaczewski, Konrad Hildreth, Owen J. Wong, Ching P. Fedorov, Andrei G. Scott, John Henry J. TI Guided Three-Dimensional Catalyst Folding during Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching of Silicon SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE 3D nanofabrication; directed self-assembly; metal-assisted chemical etching; focused ion beam patterning ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; POROUS SILICON; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; NANOWIRE ARRAYS; DEPOSITION; NANOHOLES; LITHOGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE; FABRICATION; NANOTUBES AB In recent years metal-assisted chemical etching (MaCE) of silicon, in which etching is confined to a small region surrounding metal catalyst templates, has emerged as a promising low cost alternative to commonly used three-dimensional (3D) fabrication techniques. We report a new methodology for controllable folding of 2D metal catalyst films into 3D structures using MaCE. This method takes advantage of selective patterning of the catalyst layer into regions with mismatched characteristic dimensions, resulting in uneven etching rates along the notched boundary lines that produce hinged 2D templates for 3D folding. We explore the dynamics of the folding process of the hinged templates, demonstrating that the folding action combines rotational and translational motion of the catalyst template, which yields topologically complex 3D nanostructures with intimately integrated metal and silicon features. C1 [Rykaczewski, Konrad; Scott, John Henry J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hildreth, Owen J.; Wong, Ching P.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wong, Ching P.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Fac Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Wong, Ching P.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Fedorov, Andrei G.] Georgia Inst Technol, GW Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Rykaczewski, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM konrad.rykaczewski@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Hildreth, Owen/N-9967-2015 OI Hildreth, Owen/0000-0001-5358-9080 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, MD; NSF [DMI 0403671] FX This research was performed while Dr. K. Rykaczewski held a National Research Council American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (NRC ARRA) Research Associateship Award at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, MD. A. G. Fedorov was supported by NSF Grant DMI 0403671. NR 46 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 11 IS 6 BP 2369 EP 2374 DI 10.1021/nl200715m PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 773QJ UT WOS:000291322600030 PM 21526791 ER PT J AU Sharma, R Chee, SW Herzing, A Miranda, R Rez, P AF Sharma, Renu Chee, See-Wee Herzing, Andrew Miranda, Ryan Rez, Peter TI Evaluation of the Role of Au in Improving Catalytic Activity of Ni Nanoparticles for the Formation of One-Dimensional Carbon Nanostructures SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Au-doped Ni catalyst; carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes; environmental scanning/transmission electron microscope (ESTEM); in situ dynamic imaging; catalytic chemical vapor deposition; acetylene ID IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; SUPPORTED CATALYSTS; GOLD CATALYSTS; GROWTH; NANOTUBES; OXIDATION; NUCLEATION; ALCOHOLS; CO; PD AB In situ dynamic imaging, using an environmental transmission electron microscope, was employed to evaluate the catalytic activity of Au/SiO(2), Ni/SiO(2), and Au-Ni/SiO(2) nanoparticles for the formation of one-dimensional (1-D) carbon nanostructures such as carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and nanotubes (CNTs). While pure-Au thin-film samples were inactive for carbon deposition at 520 degrees C in 0.4 Pa of C(2)H(2), multiwalled CNTs formed from Ni thin films samples under these conditions. The number of nanopartides active for CNF and CNT formation increased for thin films containing 0.1 mol fraction and 0.2 mol fraction of Au but decreased as the overall Au content in thin films was increased above 0.5 mol fraction. Multiwalled CNTs formed with a root growth mechanism for pure Ni samples, while with the addition of 0.1 mol fraction or 0.2 mol fraction of Au, CNFs were formed via a tip growth mechanism at 520 degrees C. Single-walled CNTs formed at temperatures above 600 degrees C in samples doped with less than 0.2 mol fraction of Au. Ex situ analysis via high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed that catalytically active particles exhibit a heterogeneous distribution of Au and Ni, where only a small fraction of the overall Au content was found in the portion of each particle actively involved in the nucleation of graphitic layers. Instead, the majority of the Au was found to be segregated to an inactive capping structure at one the end of the particles. Using density-functional theory calculations, we show that the activation energy for bulk diffusion of carbon in Ni reduces from approximate to 1.62 eV for pure Ni to 0.07 eV with the addition of small amounts (approximate to 0.06 mol fraction) of Au. This suggests that the enhancement of C diffusion through the bulk of the particles may be responsible for improving the number of particles active for nucleating the 1-D carbon nanostructures and thereby the yield. C1 [Sharma, Renu] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chee, See-Wee] Arizona State Univ, LeRoy Eyring Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Herzing, Andrew] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Miranda, Ryan; Rez, Peter] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Sharma, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM renu.sharma@nist.gov RI Herzing, Andrew/D-6239-2012; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Chee, See Wee/C-6052-2008 OI Chee, See Wee/0000-0003-0095-3242 FU NSF-CBET [0625340] FX Financial support from NSF-CBET#0625340, assistance of Mr. Karl Weiss and Stefano Mazzucco for experimental setup, and the use of ESTEM at John Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy at Arizona State University are gratefully acknowledged. NR 40 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 11 IS 6 BP 2464 EP 2471 DI 10.1021/nl2009026 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 773QJ UT WOS:000291322600047 PM 21604794 ER PT J AU Thompson, L Perez, RC Shevenell, AE AF Thompson, LuAnne Perez, Renellys C. Shevenell, Amelia E. TI Not just family matters Reply SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Thompson, LuAnne] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Perez, Renellys C.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Perez, Renellys C.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Shevenell, Amelia E.] UCL, Dept Geog, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Shevenell, Amelia E.] UCL, Dept Earth Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Thompson, L (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM luanne@u.washington.edu RI Perez, Renellys/D-1976-2012; shevenell, Amelia/A-4161-2009; Shevenell, Amelia/C-2757-2015 OI Perez, Renellys/0000-0002-4401-3853; Shevenell, Amelia/0000-0002-6457-6530 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 4 IS 6 BP 346 EP 346 DI 10.1038/ngeo1165 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 770LY UT WOS:000291089200003 ER PT J AU de Miranda, MHG Chotia, A Neyenhuis, B Wang, D Quemener, G Ospelkaus, S Bohn, JL Ye, J Jin, DS AF de Miranda, M. H. G. Chotia, A. Neyenhuis, B. Wang, D. Quemener, G. Ospelkaus, S. Bohn, J. L. Ye, J. Jin, D. S. TI Controlling the quantum stereodynamics of ultracold bimolecular reactions SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; POLAR-MOLECULES; GAS AB Molecular collisions in the quantum regime represent a new opportunity to explore chemical reactions. Recently, atom-exchange reactions were observed in a trapped ultracold gas of KRb molecules. In an external electric field, these polar molecules can easily be oriented and the exothermic and barrierless bimolecular reactions, KRb + KRb -> K(2) + Rb(2), occur at a rate that rises steeply with increasing dipole moment. Here we demonstrate the suppression of the bimolecular chemical reaction rate by nearly two orders of magnitude when we use an optical lattice trap to confine the fermionic polar molecules in a quasi-two-dimensional, pancake-like geometry, with the dipoles oriented along the tight confinement direction. With the combination of sufficiently tight confinement and Fermi statistics of the molecules, two polar molecules can approach each other only in a 'side-by-side' collision under repulsive dipole-dipole interactions. The suppression of chemical reactions is a prerequisite for the realization of new molecule-based quantum systems. C1 [de Miranda, M. H. G.; Chotia, A.; Neyenhuis, B.; Wang, D.; Quemener, G.; Bohn, J. L.; Ye, J.; Jin, D. S.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [de Miranda, M. H. G.; Chotia, A.; Neyenhuis, B.; Wang, D.; Quemener, G.; Bohn, J. L.; Ye, J.; Jin, D. S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ospelkaus, S.] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Ye, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ye@jila.colorado.edu; jin@jilau1.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Wang, Dajun/F-7026-2012; Chotia, Amodsen/A-8340-2014 FU NIST; NSF; AFOSR-MURI; DOE; DARPA FX We thank P. Julienne, P. Zoller, G. Pupillo and A. Micheli for stimulating discussions and S. Moses for technical contributions. We gratefully acknowledge financial support for this work from NIST, NSF, AFOSR-MURI, DOE and DARPA. NR 34 TC 210 Z9 210 U1 3 U2 43 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 7 IS 6 BP 502 EP 507 DI 10.1038/NPHYS1939 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 771GZ UT WOS:000291146500020 ER PT J AU Wahlstrand, JK Cundiff, ST Sipe, JE AF Wahlstrand, J. K. Cundiff, S. T. Sipe, J. E. TI Polarization dependence of the two-photon Franz-Keldysh effect SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STRONG ELECTRIC FIELD; ABSORPTION; SEMICONDUCTORS; TRANSITIONS; SOLIDS; THRESHOLDS; LIGHT; PULSE; MODEL AB The effect of a constant electric field on two-photon absorption in a direct band gap semiconductor is calculated using an independent-particle theory. Two band structure models for GaAs are used: a two-band parabolic model and an eight-band k center dot p model. Both predict a strong dependence of the two-photon electroabsorption spectrum on the polarization of the light with respect to the constant field, in contrast with earlier work. We attribute the polarization dependence to the strong effect of a constant field on intraband dynamics. C1 [Wahlstrand, J. K.; Cundiff, S. T.; Sipe, J. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wahlstrand, J. K.; Cundiff, S. T.; Sipe, J. E.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wahlstrand, J. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sipe, J. E.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RP Wahlstrand, JK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM wahlstrj@umd.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 FU Joint Quantum Institute; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX J.K.W. acknowledges support from the Joint Quantum Institute. S.T.C. is a staff member in the NIST Quantum Physics Division. J.E.S. acknowledges support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 23 AR 233201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.233201 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 771IM UT WOS:000291150400001 ER PT J AU Mallet, F Castellanos-Beltran, MA Ku, HS Glancy, S Knill, E Irwin, KD Hilton, GC Vale, LR Lehnert, KW AF Mallet, F. Castellanos-Beltran, M. A. Ku, H. S. Glancy, S. Knill, E. Irwin, K. D. Hilton, G. C. Vale, L. R. Lehnert, K. W. TI Quantum State Tomography of an Itinerant Squeezed Microwave Field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUASI-PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS; ERROR-CORRECTION; DENSITY-MATRIX; CIRCUIT; NOISE; VACUUM; PHOTON; CAVITY; LIGHT AB We perform state tomography of an itinerant squeezed state of the microwave field prepared by a Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA). We use a second JPA as a preamplifier to improve the quantum efficiency of the field quadrature measurement from 2% to 36% +/- 4%. Without correcting for the detection inefficiency we observe a minimum quadrature variance which is 68(-7)(+9)% of the variance of the vacuum. We reconstruct the state's density matrix by a maximum likelihood method and infer that the squeezed state has a minimum variance less than 40% of the vacuum, with uncertainty mostly caused by calibration systematics. C1 [Mallet, F.; Castellanos-Beltran, M. A.; Ku, H. S.; Lehnert, K. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Castellanos-Beltran, M. A.; Ku, H. S.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Glancy, S.; Knill, E.; Irwin, K. D.; Hilton, G. C.; Vale, L. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Mallet, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM konrad.lehnert@jila.colorado.edu RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009; mallet, francois/O-5956-2016 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649; FU DARPA/MTO FX The authors acknowledge support from the DARPA/MTO QuEST program. NR 29 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 22 AR 220502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.220502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 771IZ UT WOS:000291151700002 PM 21702586 ER PT J AU White, CC Tan, KT Hunston, DL Nguyen, T Benatti, DJ Stanley, D Chin, JW AF White, C. C. Tan, K. T. Hunston, D. L. Nguyen, T. Benatti, D. J. Stanley, D. Chin, J. W. TI Laboratory accelerated and natural weathering of styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) block copolymer SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE Thermoplastic elastomers; Aging; Degradation; Outdoor exposure; SEBS; Weathering ID BUTADIENE COPOLYMER; PHOTOOXIDATION; POLYSTYRENE; DEGRADATION; MECHANISMS; OXIDATION AB Indoor accelerated and outdoor weathering of polystyrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene (SEBS) was studied by infrared spectroscopy. Accelerated conditions involved simultaneous exposure of specimens to ultraviolet visible radiation between 295 nm and 450 nm and each of four temperature/relative humidity (RH) environments, i.e., (a) 30 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C at <1% RH, (b) 30 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C at 80% RH, (c) 55 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C at <1% RH, and (d) 55 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C at 80% RH. Outdoor exposure was conducted in Gaithersburg, MD, in two different time periods. Similar photooxidative mechanisms were operative under all conditions. In the case of indoor accelerated exposure, the rate of photooxidation was found to depend strongly on temperature. Unlike the exposure at 55 degrees C, moisture-assisted photooxidation was insignificant at 30 degrees C. A quantitative study on the synergistic effect of environmental stressors revealed that the degrading effect of combined temperature and moisture on photooxidation was greater than the sum of the two effects exerted independently. Outdoor weathered specimens exhibited significantly slower photooxidation. Acceleration of photooxidation ranged from 2.5 to 10 times in comparison to the outdoor exposure, depending on the indoor accelerated conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [White, C. C.; Tan, K. T.; Hunston, D. L.; Nguyen, T.; Benatti, D. J.; Stanley, D.; Chin, J. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP White, CC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr MS 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christopher.white@nist.gov; kar.tan@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU Service Life Prediction of Sealant Materials centered at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX The authors thank Drs. Lipiin Sung and Xiaohong Gu of NIST for helpful discussions. The support from an industry/government consortium entitled the Service Life Prediction of Sealant Materials centered at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is greatly appreciated. Kraton Polymer Inc. is gratefully acknowledged for supplying to the study material. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1104 EP 1110 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.03.003 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 771DC UT WOS:000291136400008 ER PT J AU Coble, MD Kline, MC Butler, JM AF Coble, Michael D. Kline, Margaret C. Butler, John M. TI Metrology needs and NIST resources for the forensic DNA community SO ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CCQM Workshop on Metrology for Forensic Science CY APR, 2010 CL Sevres, FRANCE SP CCQM DE National Institute of Standards and Technology (USA); Standard reference materials; Short tandem repeat; DNA quantification; STRBase; Forensic DNA testing ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL; IDENTIFICATION; FINGERPRINTS; GENOME AB With the advent of forensic DNA profiling in the mid-1980s, this technology has had a positive impact on the criminal justice system, helping to convict the guilty and exonerate the innocent. The field has evolved from focusing on multilocus markers throughout the nuclear DNA genome to the use of autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) markers. Other marker systems such as mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomal STR testing have also found an important niche for the identification of missing persons and historical investigations. Given the importance of forensic DNA testing, it is critical that laboratories include proper controls and validated procedures for making quality measurements. In the United States, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) developed several standard reference materials (SRMs) to meet the needs of the forensic DNA community. Here, we discuss a brief history of forensic DNA testing and the development of NIST SRMs and educational resources for the field over the last 20 years. C1 [Coble, Michael D.; Kline, Margaret C.; Butler, John M.] NIST, Appl Genet Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Coble, MD (reprint author), NIST, Appl Genet Grp, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.coble@nist.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-1775 EI 1432-0517 J9 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR JI Accredit. Qual. Assur. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 16 IS 6 BP 293 EP 297 DI 10.1007/s00769-011-0768-z PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 769QN UT WOS:000291033400003 ER PT J AU Tang, W Cohan, DS Morris, GA Byun, DW Luke, WT AF Tang, Wei Cohan, Daniel S. Morris, Gary A. Byun, Daewon W. Luke, Winston T. TI Influence of vertical mixing uncertainties on ozone simulation in CMAQ SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Dry deposition velocity; Eddy diffusivity; Uncertainty analysis; Sensitivity analysis; Decoupled direct method ID DIRECT SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; PHOTOCHEMICAL MODELS; EMISSIONS; SYSTEM; ORDER AB This study explores the extent to which uncertainties in the formulation of vertical diffusion schemes and in associated model parameters affect predictions of ozone levels and their responsiveness to emission controls in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. CMAQ is applied with two vertical diffusion schemes, eddy viscosity (K-theory) and the asymmetric convective model, version 2 (ACM2), to simulate ozone during the Second Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS II) in 2006, enabling comparisons with a rich array of both ground-level and aloft ozone measurements. The high-order decoupled direct method (HDDM) was implemented into ACM2, and was extended to quantify the influence of parametric uncertainties in dry deposition velocity and eddy diffusivity in both vertical diffusion schemes in CMAQ. Choices of vertical diffusion scheme and parameter values did not strongly influence model performance in simulating ozone concentrations or predicted ozone-precursor responsiveness over much of the domain. However, in some high ozone locations, results show the 8-h ozone sensitivity to NOx may vary by approximately 20% due to the choice of vertical mixing scheme and by 5-10% due to the uncertainty in dry deposition velocities. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tang, Wei; Cohan, Daniel S.] Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Morris, Gary A.] Valparaiso Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Byun, Daewon W.; Luke, Winston T.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Tang, W (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 6100 Main St,MS 519, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM Wei.Tang@rice.edu RI Cohan, Daniel/E-6595-2010; Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016 OI Cohan, Daniel/0000-0003-0415-7980; Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [R833665]; Texas Environmental Research Consortium [H98] FX Although the research described in this article has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grant R833665 to D. Cohan, it has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. Partial funding for the work of W. Tang was also provided by Texas Environmental Research Consortium project H98. Ozonesonde data collection was supported by TCEQ the NASA Division of Earth Science Aura Validation Program, and the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program. The authors thank Dr. Tom Ryerson at NOAA for providing NOAA P-3 aircraft NO data, and the air quality team at University of Houston for launching the sondes and providing the TRAMP data. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 45 IS 17 BP 2898 EP 2909 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.01.057 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 770ID UT WOS:000291079300011 ER PT J AU Christophe, B Boussard, M Lu, M Pastor, A Toubiana, V AF Christophe, Benoit Boussard, Mathieu Lu, Monique Pastor, Alain Toubiana, Vincent TI The Web of Things Vision: Things as a Service and Interaction Patterns SO BELL LABS TECHNICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This paper presents our vision of the Web of Things, where real world objects and cloud services interact through the web. In this prospect, mechanisms to embody object-as-a-service, along with novel navigation and interaction paradigms are needed to enable common physical objects in the surroundings to be considered as new stakeholders in traditional web applications. (C) 2011 Alcatel-Lucent. C1 [Christophe, Benoit; Lu, Monique] Alcatel Lucent Bell Labs, Ctr Villarceaux Nozay, Nozay, France. [Boussard, Mathieu] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Toubiana, Vincent] NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Pastor, Alain] Alcatel, Fixed Networks Div, Alexandria, NSW, Australia. [Boussard, Mathieu] Alcatel, Network Management Unit, Alexandria, NSW, Australia. RP Christophe, B (reprint author), Alcatel Lucent Bell Labs, Ctr Villarceaux Nozay, Nozay, France. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN, MA 02148-529 USA SN 1089-7089 J9 BELL LABS TECH J JI Bell Labs Tech. J. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 16 IS 1 BP 55 EP 61 DI 10.1002/bltj.20485 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 767FH UT WOS:000290840200005 ER PT J AU Huenert, D Kranzmann, A AF Huenert, D. Kranzmann, A. TI Impact of oxyfuel atmospheres H2O/CO2/O-2 and H2O/CO2 on the oxidation of ferritic-martensitic and austenitic steels SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Steel; Oxidation; Carburization; High temperature corrosion ID FE-CR ALLOYS; WATER-VAPOR; CARBON DIOXIDE; DUAL-ENVIRONMENT; STAINLESS-STEEL; POWER-PLANTS; BEHAVIOR; IRON; CARBURIZATION; CORROSION AB In future power plant technologies, oxyfuel, steels are subjected to steam rich and carbon dioxide rich combustion gases. The effect of simulated combustion gases H2O/CO2/O-2 (30/69/1 mol%) and H2O/CO2 (30/70 mol%) on the corrosion behavior of low alloyed steels, 9-12% chromium steels and an austenitic steel were studied. It was discovered that the formation of protective chromium rich oxides is hampered due to the carburization of the base material and the formation of chromium rich carbides. The kinetics of corrosion and carburization are quantified. The effect of temperature and the effect of gas pressure are analyzed statistically. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Huenert, D.; Kranzmann, A.] Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, D-12205 Berlin, Germany. RP Huenert, D (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniela.huenert@web.de; axel.kranzmann@bam.de RI Kranzmann, Axel/J-5045-2015 FU Federal Ministry of economics, Germany [0327727B]; COORETEC program FX The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Federal Ministry of economics, Germany (Fordernummer/Grant ID: 0327727B) and the COORETEC program. NR 47 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 53 IS 6 BP 2306 EP 2317 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2011.03.015 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 770EB UT WOS:000291068700033 ER PT J AU Galletti, M Zrnic, DS AF Galletti, Michele Zrnic, Dusan S. TI Bias in Copolar Correlation Coefficient Caused by Antenna Radiation Patterns SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Antenna radiation pattern; copolar correlation coefficient; copolar radiation pattern; cross-channel coupling; cross-polar radiation pattern; polarimetric phased-array weather radar; radar polarimetry ID HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; WEATHER RADARS; FUZZY-LOGIC; POLARIZATION AB We present a theoretical study of the bias in the copolar correlation coefficient (rho(hv)) caused by cross-polar radiation patterns and by unmatched horizontal and vertical copolar radiation patterns. The analysis of the bias induced by cross-polarization radiation is carried out for both modes of operation of polarimetric radars, designated as the simultaneous transmission and reception of horizontally and vertically polarized waves and the alternate transmission of horizontally and vertically polarized waves, respectively. The bias caused by unmatched horizontal and vertical copolar radiation patterns as a function of slight differences in pointing angles and beamwidths is also analyzed. In well-designed weather radars, for the purpose of hydrometeor classification, the overall acceptable bias in the copolar correlation coefficient should be less than about 0.01. The levels of cross-to-copolar gain ratios for acceptable performance are indicated. Ultimately, pointing angle and beamwidth tolerances are indicated for horizontal and vertical copolar antenna patterns. C1 [Galletti, Michele; Zrnic, Dusan S.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Galletti, M (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM michele.galletti@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2274 EP 2280 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2095019 PN 2 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 769FU UT WOS:000290997800008 ER PT J AU Dumas, RK Zha, CL Fang, YY Bonanni, V Lau, JW Nogues, J Akerman, J AF Dumas, Randy K. Zha, Chaolin Fang, Yeyu Bonanni, Valentina Lau, June W. Nogues, Josep Akerman, Johan TI Graded Anisotropy FePtCu Films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Metallic Multilayers (MML) CY SEP 19-24, 2010 CL Berkeley, CA DE FePtCu thin films; first-order reversal curve (FORC) measurements; graded anisotropy films; magnetic reversal mechanism ID L1(0) (111)-ORIENTED FEPT; PSEUDO SPIN VALVES; CU AB The fabrication and subsequent analysis of continuously graded anisotropy films are discussed. During deposition, a compositional gradient is first achieved by varying the Cu concentration from Cu-rich (Fe53Pt47)(70)Cu-30 to Cu-free Fe53Pt47. The anisotropy gradient is then realized after thermal post-annealing, and by utilizing the strong composition dependence of the low-anisotropy (A1) to high-anisotropy (L1(0)) ordering temperature. The magnetic properties are investigated by surface sensitive magneto-optical Kerr effect and alternating gradient magnetometer (AGM) measurements. AGM first-order reversal curve (FORC) measurements are employed in order to provide a detailed analysis of the reversal mechanisms, and therefore the induced anisotropy gradient. At low annealing temperatures, the FORC measurements clearly indicate the highly coupled reversal of soft and hard phases. However, significant interdiffusion results in virtually uniform films at elevated annealing temperatures. Additionally, the A1 to L1(0) ordering process is found to depend on the film thickness. C1 [Dumas, Randy K.; Akerman, Johan] Gothenburg Univ, Dept Phys, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Zha, Chaolin; Fang, Yeyu; Bonanni, Valentina; Nogues, Josep; Akerman, Johan] Royal Inst Technol, KTH, S-16440 Kista, Sweden. [Lau, June W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nogues, Josep] CSIC, ICN, Ctr Invest Nanociencia & Nanotecnol, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. [Nogues, Josep] CSIC, ICN, Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats ICREA, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. RP Dumas, RK (reprint author), Gothenburg Univ, Dept Phys, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM randydumas@gmail.com RI Dumas, Randy/E-3077-2010; Akerman, Johan/B-5726-2008; Zha, Chaolin/A-9769-2009; Fang, Yeyu/E-9040-2010; Bonanni, Valentina/F-1398-2011; Nogues, Josep/D-7791-2012; Lau, June/C-7509-2013 OI Dumas, Randy/0000-0001-5505-2172; Akerman, Johan/0000-0002-3513-6608; Bonanni, Valentina/0000-0001-8346-0069; Nogues, Josep/0000-0003-4616-1371; FU Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF); Swedish Research Council (VR); Goran Gustafsson Foundation; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Catalan DGR [2009SGR1292]; Spanish MICINN [MAT2010-20616-C02] FX Support from The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF), The Swedish Research Council (VR), the Goran Gustafsson Foundation, and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. V. B. thanks the Blanceflor Boncompagni-Ludovisi Foundation. J.N. thanks the Catalan DGR (2009SGR1292) and the Spanish MICINN (MAT2010-20616-C02) projects for partial financial support. J. A. is a Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow supported by a grant from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 EI 1941-0069 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1580 EP 1586 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2102745 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 769HZ UT WOS:000291004800010 ER PT J AU Heng, K Menou, K Phillipps, PJ AF Heng, Kevin Menou, Kristen Phillipps, Peter J. TI Atmospheric circulation of tidally locked exoplanets: a suite of benchmark tests for dynamical solvers SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods: numerical; planets and satellites: atmospheres ID EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; HD 209458B; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; HOT JUPITERS; HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; MODEL; VARIABILITY; SCHEME AB The rapid pace of extrasolar planet discovery and characterization is legitimizing the study of their atmospheres via three-dimensional numerical simulations. The complexity of atmospheric modelling and its inherent non-linearity, together with the limited amount of data available, motivate model intercomparisons and benchmark tests. In the geophysical community, the Held-Suarez test is a standard benchmark for comparing dynamical core simulations of the Earth's atmosphere with different solvers, based on statistically averaged flow quantities. In the present study, we perform analogues of the Held-Suarez test for tidally locked exoplanets with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Princeton Flexible Modelling System (fms) by subjecting both the spectral and finite difference dynamical cores to a suite of tests, including the standard benchmark for the Earth, a hypothetical tidally locked Earth, a 'shallow' hot Jupiter model and a 'deep' model of HD 209458b. We find qualitative and quantitative agreement between the solvers for the Earth, tidally locked Earth and shallow hot Jupiter benchmarks, but the agreement is less than satisfactory for the deep model of HD 209458b. Further investigation reveals that closer agreement may be attained by arbitrarily adjusting the values of the horizontal dissipation parameters in the two solvers, but it remains the case that the magnitude of the horizontal dissipation is not easily specified from first principles. Irrespective of radiative transfer or chemical composition considerations, our study points to limitations in our ability to accurately model hot Jupiter atmospheres with meteorological solvers at the level of 10 per cent for the temperature field and several tens of per cent for the velocity field. Direct wind measurements should thus be particularly constraining for the models. Our suite of benchmark tests also provides a reference point for researchers wishing to adapt their codes to study the atmospheric circulation regimes of tidally locked Earths/Neptunes/Jupiters. C1 [Heng, Kevin] ETH, Inst Astron, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Heng, Kevin] Princeton Univ Sch Nat Sci, Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Menou, Kristen] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Menou, Kristen] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, N Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. [Phillipps, Peter J.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Heng, K (reprint author), ETH, Inst Astron, Wolfgang Pauli Str 27, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM kheng@phys.ethz.ch; kristen@astro.columbia.edu; Peter.Phillipps@noaa.gov OI Heng, Kevin/0000-0003-1907-5910 FU Zwicky Prize Fellowship at ETH Zurich; Institute for Advanced Study (IAS); NASA [NNX08AH83G]; NSF [AST-0807444]; Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics FX KH acknowledges support from the Zwicky Prize Fellowship at ETH Zurich, the Frank & Peggy Taplin Membership of the Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), NASA grant NNX08AH83G and NSF grant AST-0807444, as well as encouragement from Scott Tremaine. KM was supported in part by the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics. We acknowledge useful conversations with Lucio Mayer, Hans Martin Schmid, Michael Meyer, Isaac Held, Josh Schroeder, Jonathan Mitchell, Adam Burrows and Dave Spiegel, as well as useful comments from the anonymous referee which greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. We thank Nicolas Iro for providing selected results from Iro et al. (2005) in electronic form. Multiple suites of simulations were started at the IAS using the AURORA computing cluster (managed by Prentice Bisbal, James Stephen et al.) and finished on the BRUTUS computing cluster at ETH Zurich (managed by Olivier Bryde et al.). The web site http://www.dfanning.com provided useful technical advice for IDL on many occasions, while animation/visualization was done using the VISIT platform created by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. This work benefited from the collegial environment at the Institute for Astronomy of ETH Zurich. NR 45 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 413 IS 4 BP 2380 EP 2402 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18315.x PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 766XM UT WOS:000290819900008 ER PT J AU MacCuspie, RI Allen, AJ Hackley, VA AF MacCuspie, Robert I. Allen, Andrew J. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Dispersion stabilization of silver nanoparticles in synthetic lung fluid studied under in situ conditions SO NANOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AgNPs; synthetic alveolar lavage fluid; nanoparticle dispersion protocol; nanoEHS; SAXS flow cell ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; PEPTIDE NANOTUBES; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; PROTEIN CORONA; SURFACE-AREA; NANO-SILVER; GROWTH; TOXICITY AB The dispersion stabilization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in synthetic lung fluid was studied to interrogate the effects on colloidal stability due to the principal constituents of the fluid. The colloidal stability of 20 nm citrate-AgNPs dispersed in the presence of each constituent of the synthetic lung fluid (individually, the complete fluid, and without additives) was observed during titration of increasing sodium chloride concentration. A variety of complementary in situ measurement techniques were utilized, including dynamic light scattering, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering, which provided a collective set of information that enabled far better understanding of the dispersion behavior in the fluid than any one technique alone. It was observed that AgNPs continued to adsorb bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein from the synthetic lung fluid solution as the sodium chloride concentration increased, until a maximum BSA coating was achieved prior to reaching the physiological sodium chloride concentration of 154 mmol LThe scientific literature through 2005 on the effects of ventilation rates on health in indoor environments has been reviewed by a multidisciplinary group. The group judged 27 papers published in peer-reviewed scientific journals as providing sufficient information on both ventilation rates and health effects to inform the relationship. Consistency was found across multiple investigations and different epidemiologic designs for different populations. Multiple health endpoints show similar relationships with ventilation rate. There is biological plausibility for an association of health outcomes with ventilation rates, although the literature does not provide clear evidence on particular agent(s) for the effects. Higher ventilation rates in offices, up to about 25 l/s per person, are associated with reduced prevalence of sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms. The limited available data suggest that inflammation, respiratory infections, asthma symptoms and short-term sick leave increase with lower ventilation rates. Home ventilation rates above 0.5 air changes per hour (h-1) have been associated with a reduced risk of allergic manifestations among children in a Nordic climate. The need remains for more studies of the relationship between ventilation rates and health, especially in diverse climates, in locations with polluted outdoor air and in buildings other than offices. Practical Implications Ventilation with outdoor air plays an important role influencing human exposures to indoor pollutants. This review and assessment indicates that increasing ventilation rates above currently adopted standards and guidelines should result in reduced prevalence of negative health outcomes. Building operators and designers should avoid low ventilation rates unless alternative effective measures, such as source control or air cleaning, are employed to limit indoor pollutant levels. C1 [Levin, H.] Bldg Ecol Res Grp, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Sundell, J.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Cain, W. S.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Fisk, W. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gyntelberg, F.] Bispebjerg Hosp, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Li, Y.] Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Persily, A. K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Samet, J. M.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Spengler, J. D.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Taylor, S. T.] Taylor Engineers, Alameda, CA USA. [Weschler, C. J.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Weschler, C. J.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Sundell, J.] Tech Univ Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Grimsrud, D. T.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Pickering, A. C.] Wythenshawe Hosp, Manchester M23 9LT, Lancs, England. RP Levin, H (reprint author), Bldg Ecol Res Grp, Santa Cruz, CA USA. EM hal.levin@buildingecology.com RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Sundell, Jan/B-2857-2012; Li, Yuguo/A-9469-2010; Nazaroff, William/C-4106-2008; Weschler, Charles/A-9788-2009 OI Li, Yuguo/0000-0002-2281-4529; Nazaroff, William/0000-0001-5645-3357; Weschler, Charles/0000-0002-9097-5850 FU American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE); National Center for Energy Management and Building Technology (NCEMBT) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Gina Bendy and Shela Ray of the Indoor Air Institute, Inc., for their assistance in the literature review. Funding was provided by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE) and the National Center for Energy Management and Building Technology (NCEMBT). The Indoor Air Institute was the project contractor. NR 61 TC 148 Z9 151 U1 18 U2 151 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD JUN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 191 EP 204 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2010.00703.x PG 14 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 762OW UT WOS:000290490300004 PM 21204989 ER PT J AU Shah, AH Abdelzaher, AM Phillips, M Hernandez, R Solo-Gabriele, HM Kish, J Scorzetti, G Fell, JW Diaz, MR Scott, TM Lukasik, J Harwood, VJ McQuaig, S Sinigalliano, CD Gidley, ML Wanless, D Ager, A Lui, J Stewart, JR Plano, LRW Fleming, LE AF Shah, A. H. Abdelzaher, A. M. Phillips, M. Hernandez, R. Solo-Gabriele, H. M. Kish, J. Scorzetti, G. Fell, J. W. Diaz, M. R. Scott, T. M. Lukasik, J. Harwood, V. J. McQuaig, S. Sinigalliano, C. D. Gidley, M. L. Wanless, D. Ager, A. Lui, J. Stewart, J. R. Plano, L. R. W. Fleming, L. E. TI Indicator microbes correlate with pathogenic bacteria, yeasts and helminthes in sand at a subtropical recreational beach site SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE environmental; recreational water; indicators; sediment ID HUMAN FECAL POLLUTION; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; TIME PCR ASSAYS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NONPOINT SOURCES; GENETIC-MARKERS; COASTAL WATERS; FRESH-WATER; SEA-WATER; MARINE AB Aims: Research into the relationship between pathogens, faecal indicator microbes and environmental factors in beach sand has been limited, yet vital to the understanding of the microbial relationship between sand and the water column and to the improvement of criteria for better human health protection at beaches. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the presence and distribution of pathogens in various zones of beach sand (subtidal, intertidal and supratidal) and to assess their relationship with environmental parameters and indicator microbes at a non-point source subtropical marine beach. Methods and Results: In this exploratory study in subtropical Miami (Florida, USA), beach sand samples were collected and analysed over the course of 6 days for several pathogens, microbial source tracking markers and indicator microbes. An inverse correlation between moisture content and most indicator microbes was found. Significant associations were identified between some indicator microbes and pathogens (such as nematode larvae and yeasts in the genus Candida), which are from classes of microbes that are rarely evaluated in the context of recreational beach use. Conclusions: Results indicate that indicator microbes may predict the presence of some of the pathogens, in particular helminthes, yeasts and the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-resistant forms. Indicator microbes may thus be useful for monitoring beach sand and water quality at non-point source beaches. Significance and Impact of the Study: The presence of both indicator microbes and pathogens in beach sand provides one possible explanation for human health effects reported at non-point sources beaches. C1 [Shah, A. H.; Abdelzaher, A. M.; Phillips, M.; Hernandez, R.; Solo-Gabriele, H. M.] Univ Miami, Dept Civil Arch & Environm Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Shah, A. H.; Abdelzaher, A. M.; Phillips, M.; Hernandez, R.; Solo-Gabriele, H. M.; Kish, J.; Scorzetti, G.; Fell, J. W.; Diaz, M. R.; Scott, T. M.; Sinigalliano, C. D.; Gidley, M. L.; Wanless, D.; Ager, A.; Lui, J.; Plano, L. R. W.; Fleming, L. E.] Univ Miami, NSF NIEHS Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, Miami, FL 33124 USA. [Kish, J.; Fleming, L. E.] Univ Miami, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL USA. [Scorzetti, G.; Fell, J. W.; Diaz, M. R.; Fleming, L. E.] Univ Miami, Rosentiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL USA. [Scott, T. M.] BCS Labs Inc, Miami, FL USA. [Lukasik, J.] BCS Labs Inc, Gainesville, FL USA. [Harwood, V. J.; McQuaig, S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Sinigalliano, C. D.; Gidley, M. L.; Wanless, D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Labs, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL USA. [Gidley, M. L.; Wanless, D.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Ager, A.; Lui, J.; Plano, L. R. W.] Univ Miami, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Miami, FL USA. [Stewart, J. R.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Plano, L. R. W.] Univ Miami, Dept Pediat, Miami, FL 33152 USA. RP Solo-Gabriele, HM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Civil Arch & Environm Engn, POB 248294, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM hmsolo@miami.edu RI Guan, Xiaokang/A-6675-2012; Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014; gidley, maribeth/B-8335-2014 OI Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X; gidley, maribeth/0000-0001-9583-8073 FU National Science Foundation (NSF); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Oceans and Human Health Center at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School [NSF 0CE0432368/0911373, NIEHS P50 ES12736]; NSF REU in Oceans and Human Health; NSF SGER in Oceans and Human Health [NSF SGER 0743987]; Northern Gulf Institute; NOAA Cooperative Institute (NOAA's Office of Ocean and Atmospheric Research, US Department of Commerce) [NA06OAR4320264]; University of Miami FX This study was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Oceans and Human Health Center at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School [NSF 0CE0432368/0911373] and [NIEHS P50 ES12736] and NSF REU in Oceans and Human Health, and the NSF SGER [NSF SGER 0743987] in Oceans and Human Health. Application of the canine-specific Bacteroidales qPCR assay was funded in part by the Northern Gulf Institute, a NOAA Cooperative Institute (NOAA's Office of Ocean and Atmospheric Research, US Department of Commerce award NA06OAR4320264). Partial funding was also provided by the University of Miami IRDI Program. We also thank IDEXX Corporation for their support of our project through the provision of supplies needed for the chromogenic substrate analysis of enterococci. In addition, we also acknowledge the help of Jakub Bartowiak, Jennifer DiFrancesco, Yasiel Hernandez, Michael Schoor, Tommy Russel Kiger, Bader Alessa, Reshma Ramoutar, Christina Ortega, Juan Chen and Diana Arranda. NR 58 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 110 IS 6 BP 1571 EP 1583 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05013.x PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 763CX UT WOS:000290532800022 PM 21447014 ER PT J AU Heo, GY Bederman, I Mast, N Liao, WL Turko, IV Pikuleva, IA AF Heo, Gun-Young Bederman, Ilya Mast, Natalia Liao, Wei-Li Turko, Illarion V. Pikuleva, Irina A. TI Conversion of 7-ketocholesterol to oxysterol metabolites by recombinant CYP27A1 and retinal pigment epithelial cells SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE 3 beta,27-dihydroxy-5-cholesten-7-one; 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholesten-7-one-26-oic acid; isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; age-related macular degeneration; cytochrome P450 27A1 ID CYTOCHROME P450C27 CYP27; RAT-LIVER MITOCHONDRIA; STEROL 27-HYDROXYLASE; MACULAR DEGENERATION; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; DIRECT EXPRESSION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BINDING-PROTEIN; CHOLESTEROL; PURIFICATION AB Of the different oxygenated cholesterol metabolites, 7-ketocholesterol (7KCh) is considered a noxious oxysterol implicated in the development of certain pathologies, including those found in the eye. Here we elucidated whether sterol 27-hydroxylase cytochrome P450 27A1 (CYP27A1) is involved in elimination of 7KCh from the posterior part of the eye: the neural retina and underlying retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). We first established that the affinities of purified recombinant CYP27A1 for 7KCh and its endogenous substrate cholesterol are similar, yet 7KCh is metabolized at a 4-fold higher rate than cholesterol in the reconstituted system in vitro. Lipid extracts from bovine neural retina and RPE were then analyzed by isotope dilution GC-MS for the presence of the 7KCh-derived oxysterols. Two metabolites, 3 beta,27-dihydroxy-5-cholesten-7-one (7KCh-27OH) and 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholesten-7-one-26-oic acid (7KCh-27COOH), were detected in the RPE but not in the neural retina. 7KCh-27OH was also formed when RPE homogenates were supplemented with NADPH and the mitochondrial redox system. Quantifications in human RPE showed that CYP27A1 is indeed expressed in the RPE at 2-4-fold higher levels than in the neural retina. The data obtained represent evidence for the role of CYP27A1 in retinal metabolism of 7KCh and suggest that, in addition to cholesterol removal, the functions of this enzyme could also include elimination of toxic endogenous compounds.-Heo, G-Y., I. Bederman, N. Mast, W-L. Liao, I. V. Turko, and I. A. Pikuleva. Conversion of 7-ketocholesterol to oxysterol metabolites by recombinant CYP27A1 and retinal pigment epithelial cells. J. Lipid Res. 2011. 52: 1117-1127. C1 [Heo, Gun-Young; Mast, Natalia; Pikuleva, Irina A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Bederman, Ilya] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pediat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Liao, Wei-Li; Turko, Illarion V.] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. [Turko, Illarion V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pikuleva, IA (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM iap8@case.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU National Institutes of Health [EY-018383, AG-024336] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants EY-018383 (I. A. P.) and AG-024336 (I. A. P.). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. I. A. P. is recipient of a Jules and Doris Stein Professorship from the Research to Prevent Blindness Foundation (New York). Certain commercial materials, instruments, and equipment are identified in this article to specify the experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), nor does it imply that the materials, instruments, or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1117 EP 1127 DI 10.1194/jlr.M014217 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 763LX UT WOS:000290559500007 PM 21411718 ER PT J AU Cowan, JH Grimes, CB Patterson, WF Walters, CJ Jones, AC Lindberg, WJ Sheehy, DJ Pine, WE Powers, JE Campbell, MD Lindeman, KC Diamond, SL Hilborn, R Gibson, HT Rose, KA AF Cowan, J. H., Jr. Grimes, C. B. Patterson, W. F., III Walters, C. J. Jones, A. C. Lindberg, W. J. Sheehy, D. J. Pine, W. E., III Powers, J. E. Campbell, M. D. Lindeman, K. C. Diamond, S. L. Hilborn, R. Gibson, H. T. Rose, K. A. TI Red snapper management in the Gulf of Mexico: science- or faith-based? SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE Red snapper; Faith-based fisheries; Artificial reefs; Overfishing; Historical perspective ID CORAL-REEF FISH; DENSITY-DEPENDENT MORTALITY; LIFE-HISTORY PARAMETERS; NORTHERN GULF; ARTIFICIAL REEFS; LUTJANUS-CAMPECHANUS; NATURAL MORTALITY; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PETROLEUM PLATFORMS AB The most controversial fishery in U.S. waters of the Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) is for northern red snapper Lutjanus campechanus, which collapsed in the late 1980s when stock biomass became too low to be fished commercially in the eastern Gulf. Red snapper management began in 1989; the stock is now showing signs of recovery. The Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council has been slow to sufficiently reduce catches of the directed fisheries to rebuild the stock in a timely fashion, although compliance with the Magnuson-Stevens Reauthorization Act of 2006 (MSRA) required substantial cuts in the harvest of red snapper beginning in 2007. In our opinion, this could have been avoided if conservative management practices had been adopted earlier. We believe that 'faith-based fisheries' arguments have been used to defer effective management of red snapper in the Gulf, which in turn has strained the relationship between science, management, and stakeholders there. We provide a simple empirical argument and alternate interpretations of a recently published perspective on the historical fishery of red snapper in the Gulf to conclude that the preponderance of evidence used in the agency stock assessment process, and the simple arguments made here, do not support the perspective that the red snapper stock has increased in size sufficiently to defer compliance with the MSRA. C1 [Cowan, J. H., Jr.; Powers, J. E.; Campbell, M. D.; Rose, K. A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Grimes, C. B.] NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz Labs, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Patterson, W. F., III] Univ W Florida, Dept Biol, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. [Walters, C. J.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Lindberg, W. J.; Pine, W. E., III] Univ Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. [Sheehy, D. J.] Aquabio Inc, Arlington, MA USA. [Lindeman, K. C.] Florida Inst Technol, Coll Engn, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Diamond, S. L.] Univ Western Sydney, Sch Nat Sci, Syndey, NSW, Australia. [Hilborn, R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gibson, H. T.] N Swell Media LLC, Jensen Beach, FL USA. RP Cowan, JH (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jhcowan@lsu.edu RI Walters, Carl/D-5714-2012; Hilborn, Ray/D-6332-2013; OI Campbell, Matthew/0000-0002-0087-5291 NR 119 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 2 BP 187 EP 204 DI 10.1007/s11160-010-9165-7 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 763RJ UT WOS:000290577100002 ER PT J AU Larson, S Christiansen, J Griffing, D Ashe, J Lowry, D Andrews, K AF Larson, Shawn Christiansen, Jeff Griffing, Denise Ashe, Jimiane Lowry, Dayv Andrews, Kelly TI Relatedness and polyandry of sixgill sharks, Hexanchus griseus, in an urban estuary SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Bluntnose sixgill; Hexanchus griseus; Microsatellites; Relatedness; Polyandry; Shark ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CARCHARHINUS-PLUMBEUS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MULTIPLE PATERNITY; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; SIBLING GROUPS; LEMON SHARKS; PUGET-SOUND; POPULATION AB The bluntnose sixgill shark (Hexanchus griseus) is a widely distributed species found in tropical and temperate waters of every ocean, yet we know relatively little about their basic biology including their life history and population structure. From 2003-2007, we collected over 300 biopsy samples from sixgills during research operations in Puget Sound, WA, USA. Genotypic data using ten polymorphic microsatellites were used to describe sixgill genetic diversity, relatedness and mating pattern. Diversity within sixgills was found to be moderate with an average observed heterozygosity of 0.45, an average expected heterozygosity of 0.61, an average of 12 alleles per locus, and an average allelic richness of eight within microsatellite loci. Our data suggests all of the sampled individuals come from one intermixing population, and we found no historical evidence of significant population bottlenecks. Many of the sharks were sampled using longline techniques with several sharks captured at the same time and place. Similarly, multiple sharks were sampled on several occasions during research events at the Seattle Aquarium. The proportion of individuals that were full- or half-siblings was high among sharks sampled at the same time and place (range 0.65-0.87). Analysis of the genetic relationship between one large female washed ashore and 71 of her near-term pups suggested a polyandrous mating system with as many as nine males contributing to her offspring. This study is the first to investigate genetic diversity, relatedness and paternity within sixgill sharks and sheds light on important conservation implications for this little known shark population. C1 [Larson, Shawn; Christiansen, Jeff; Griffing, Denise; Ashe, Jimiane] Seattle Aquarium, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Lowry, Dayv] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Andrews, Kelly] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Larson, S (reprint author), Seattle Aquarium, 1483 Alaskan Way,Pier 59, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM s.larson@seattleaquarium.org OI Lowry, Dayv/0000-0003-1159-3828; Andrews, Kelly/0000-0001-7734-3800 FU Seattle Aquarium; Seattle Aquarium Society; Foley Frischkorn Wildlife Conservation Fund FX We would like to thank P.S. Levin and G.D. Williams of NOAA, G. Bargmann and D. Farrer of WDFW for helping to collect tissue samples. Longline data was generously provided by G. Bargmann and D. Farrer with WDFW. Biopsy samples were collected at the Seattle Aquarium by staff and volunteer divers J. Hollander, T. Carpenter, and B. Hatch. This research was supported primarily by the Seattle Aquarium and the Seattle Aquarium Society general operating funds. It was also supported by the Foley Frischkorn Wildlife Conservation Fund. We wish to thank retired directors B. Arntz and J. Braden, retired life sciences curator P. McMahon, acting director B. Davidson, and life sciences curator C.J. Casson for their ongoing support. NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 12 IS 3 BP 679 EP 690 DI 10.1007/s10592-010-0174-9 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 760IY UT WOS:000290319200008 ER PT J AU Pearse, DE Martinez, E Garza, JC AF Pearse, Devon E. Martinez, Edith Garza, John Carlos TI Disruption of historical patterns of isolation by distance in coastal steelhead SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Oncorhynchus mykiss; Hatchery; Human impacts; Museum specimens ID SHIFTING BASE-LINE; GRAYLING THYMALLUS-THYMALLUS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; POPULATION-GENETICS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; LOCAL ADAPTATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; WILD; CONSERVATION AB When natural populations exchange migrants at a rate proportional to their geographic distance, population genetics theory leads to the expectation of a pattern of isolation-by-distance (IBD), whereby geographic and genetic distance are correlated. However, the presence or absence of such patterns in modern populations may not fully reflect the historical relationships among those populations. Thus, historical samples, collected prior to modern human impacts, can often provide a critical baseline for comparison with modern populations. Steelhead, the anadromous form of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, are native to western North America and are endangered or threatened throughout most of California, near the southern extent of their native range. Population samples of steelhead collected in 1897 and 1909 in Central California rivers provided the opportunity to evaluate the historical genetic composition and population structure of these threatened fish. Here we show that these steelhead populations had a historically strong correlation between genetic and geographic distance that has been virtually erased in modern populations, suggesting that current relationships among modern steelhead populations are no longer reflective of natural migratory pathways. This demonstrates the critical role of migration in maintaining population relationships of threatened species and highlights the importance of natural history museums in providing historical baseline information. C1 [Pearse, Devon E.; Garza, John Carlos] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Pearse, Devon E.; Martinez, Edith; Garza, John Carlos] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Pearse, DE (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM devon.pearse@noaa.gov FU California Department of Fish and Game Fisheries Restoration [P0510530] FX This study was partially funded by California Department of Fish and Game Fisheries Restoration Grant P0510530 to DEP and JCG. We thank A. Abadia, A. Clemento, M. Jones, and A. Martinez for assistance, and E. C. Anderson for conducting the bootstrap resampling analysis. J. Finan (National Museum of Natural History) assisted with sampling of the historical specimens. D. Boughton, H. Fish, M. Moore, L. Porcella, D. Salsbery, B. Spence, and T. Williams contributed to the collection of modern samples. NR 50 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 12 IS 3 BP 691 EP 700 DI 10.1007/s10592-010-0175-8 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 760IY UT WOS:000290319200009 ER PT J AU Morrison, CL Ross, SW Nizinski, MS Brooke, S Jarnegren, J Waller, RG Johnson, RL King, TL AF Morrison, Cheryl L. Ross, Steve W. Nizinski, Martha S. Brooke, Sandra Jaernegren, Johanna Waller, Rhian G. Johnson, Robin L. King, Tim L. TI Genetic discontinuity among regional populations of Lophelia pertusa in the North Atlantic Ocean SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Cold-water coral; Connectivity; Gene flow; Dispersal barriers; Isolation by distance ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; DEEP-SEA CORAL; REEF-BUILDING CORALS; MARINE POPULATIONS; LINNAEUS 1758; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; LARVAL DISPERSAL; SELF-RECRUITMENT AB Knowledge of the degree to which populations are connected through larval dispersal is imperative to effective management, yet little is known about larval dispersal ability or population connectivity in Lophelia pertusa, the dominant framework-forming coral on the continental slope in the North Atlantic Ocean. Using nine microsatellite DNA markers, we assessed the spatial scale and pattern of genetic connectivity across a large portion of the range of L. pertusa in the North Atlantic Ocean. A Bayesian modeling approach found four distinct genetic groupings corresponding to ocean regions: Gulf of Mexico, coastal southeastern U.S., New England Seamounts, and eastern North Atlantic Ocean. An isolation-by-distance pattern was supported across the study area. Estimates of pairwise population differentiation were greatest with the deepest populations, the New England Seamounts (average F (ST) = 0.156). Differentiation was intermediate with the eastern North Atlantic populations (F (ST) = 0.085), and smallest between southeastern U.S. and Gulf of Mexico populations (F (ST) = 0.019), with evidence of admixture off the southeastern Florida peninsula. Connectivity across larger geographic distances within regions suggests that some larvae are broadly dispersed. Heterozygote deficiencies were detected within the majority of localities suggesting deviation from random mating. Gene flow between ocean regions appears restricted, thus, the most effective management scheme for L. pertusa involves regional reserve networks. C1 [Morrison, Cheryl L.; Johnson, Robin L.; King, Tim L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Biol Resources Div, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Ross, Steve W.] UNC Wilmington, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. [Nizinski, Martha S.] Smithsonian Inst, NHB, NMFS Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Brooke, Sandra] Marine Conservat Biol Inst, Bellevue, WA 98004 USA. [Jaernegren, Johanna] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway. [Waller, Rhian G.] Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. RP Morrison, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Biol Resources Div, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM cmorrison@usgs.gov FU USGS; Minerals Management Service; SEUS [DASS2005]; Duke/UNC Oceanographic Consortium (to SWR); Statoil Hydro; Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters; USGS-BRD Leetown Science Center, Aquatic Ecology Branch FX This investigation was financially supported by the USGS Outer Continental Shelf Ecosystem Program and was sponsored by the Minerals Management Service. NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration supported field work both in the SEUS via four cruises (grants to S. W. Ross and S. Brooke, lead PIs) and also to the New England and Corner Rise Seamounts (cruise DASS2005, grant to L. Watling, T. Shank, S. France, R. Waller and P. Auster, lead PIs). Thanks to the ROV pilots and crew of the R/V Ronald H. Brown facilitating collection of the NES samples. The two R/V Cape Hatteras missions were sponsored by the Duke/UNC Oceanographic Consortium (to SWR), and we thank that ship's personnel for excellent support. We thank J.M. Roberts and G. Duineveld for facilitating cruise participation of SWR on R/V Pelagia where ENAO samples were collected. Norwegian collections were financially supported by Statoil Hydro and The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. Special thanks to USGS Lophelia I research colleagues: G. Brewer, C. Kellogg, K. Sulak and the crew at the USGS Coastal Ecology and Conservation Research. We also thank the Continental Shelf Associates Lophelia I scientists for allowing an author (CLM) to participate on GOM cruises. The USGS-BRD Leetown Science Center, Aquatic Ecology Branch, provided partial funding to CLM. The following individuals kindly donated coral samples: E. Cordes, C. Fisher, W. Schroeder, A. Davies, J. Reed, C. Messing. Thanks are extended to the following individuals for helpful discussions regarding data collection and analyses: M. Eackles, B. Lubinski, C. Young, and J. Switzer. Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, the crew members of the R/V Seward Johnson I and II, and the JSL submersible crew helped make this research possible. M. Carlson produced maps and calculated geographic distances. M. Rhode and M. Springmann assisted with Figs 1 and 2, respectively. Comments by J. Switzer, M. Miller and 3 anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 96 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 12 IS 3 BP 713 EP 729 DI 10.1007/s10592-010-0178-5 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 760IY UT WOS:000290319200011 ER PT J AU Moser, ML Keefer, ML Pennington, HT Ogden, DA Simonson, JE AF Moser, M. L. Keefer, M. L. Pennington, H. T. Ogden, D. A. Simonson, J. E. TI Development of Pacific lamprey fishways at a hydropower dam SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anadromous; barrier; Bonneville Dam; Columbia River; passive integrated transponders ID VERTICAL-SLOT FISHWAY; LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; UPSTREAM PASSAGE; SEA; PERFORMANCE; USA; EFFICIENCY; MIGRATION; BARRIERS; BEHAVIOR AB P>Traditional fishways do not accommodate the passage needs of all migrating species. In the north-western United States, structures designed to aid adult Pacific lamprey, Lampetra tridentata (Gairdner), passage are critically needed. The structures described here were fabricated in modular units and installed at Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River (235 km). They featured a series of aluminium ramps interspersed with rest boxes that prevented lamprey from moving back downstream. The effects of various design changes and structure operation (water volume delivered) were assessed using lamprey counts and passive integrated transponder detections. Up to 40% of the lamprey entered the structures and 90-100% of these passed through to the exit. Lowering water volume pumped to the structures had little effect on lamprey performance, but passage improved when a 3.8-m-long, steep (40 degrees) ramp was replaced with two, 1.4-m-long, 45 degrees ramps. Pacific lamprey ascended the 8- to 9-m-high structures and entered the dam forebay in less than 1 h. The success of these prototypes was attributed to site selection and attention to lamprey-specific performance. C1 [Moser, M. L.; Ogden, D. A.; Simonson, J. E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Keefer, M. L.] Univ Idaho, Fish Ecol Res Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Pennington, H. T.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Gladstone, OR USA. RP Moser, ML (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM mary.moser@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 18 IS 3 BP 190 EP 200 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2010.00773.x PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 758OG UT WOS:000290173700002 ER PT J AU Walters, AW AF Walters, Annika W. TI Resistance of aquatic insects to a low-flow disturbance: exploring a trait-based approach SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE water diversion; drought; biological traits; macroinvertebrates ID STREAM MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; LARGE EUROPEAN RIVERS; NEW-ZEALAND STREAMS; SPECIES TRAITS; FRESH-WATER; INVERTEBRATE TRAITS; BIOLOGICAL TRAITS; BENTHIC-MACROINVERTEBRATES; FUNCTIONAL TRAITS; DESERT STREAM AB Low-flow disturbances are predicted to increase in frequency and intensity because of climate change and extensive human water withdrawal, but the effect of decreased flow on aquatic insect communities is not well understood. I explored the resistance of aquatic insects to reduced flow by creating an experimental low-flow disturbance that diverted similar to 40 to 80% of the water in 3 replicate streams for 2 summers. I sampled the aquatic insect community in control and treatment reaches before and during the 3-mo water diversions. I used a trait-based approach to analyze the data because traits have the potential to increase mechanistic understanding and predictive capabilities. The analysis focused on 6 traits: desiccation resistance, maximum crawling rate, armoring, size at maturity, rheophily, and habit. Community trait composition underwent strong seasonal shifts, but few consistent responses to reduced flow were observed. The 2 trait states that did appear to confer increased resistance were high crawling rate and armoring. These trait states can provide protection from predators. Thus, biotic interactions might be important during low-flow disturbance. C1 [Walters, Annika W.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Walters, AW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM annika.walters@gmail.com FU US Environmental Protection Agency Science; Teresa Heinz Scholars for Environmental Research Award FX I thank Michael Albert and Nick Olsen for help in the field. David Post, Erika Schielke, Michael Carey, and anonymous referees provided helpful comments on this manuscript. The Yale-Myers Forest provided housing and research space. This research was funded by a US Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results Graduate Fellowship and a Teresa Heinz Scholars for Environmental Research Award. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 29 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 346 EP 356 DI 10.1899/10-041.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 760YQ UT WOS:000290361600002 ER PT J AU Nadal, ME Miller, CC Fairman, HS AF Nadal, Maria E. Miller, C. Cameron Fairman, Hugh S. TI Statistical Methods for Analyzing Color Difference Distributions SO COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION LA English DT Article DE ASTM; color differences; color uncertainties; color values; interlabolatory study AB Multivalued measurands, such as spectral reflectance and tristimulus values, are usually analyzed by reducing the data to a single-valued parameter, such as color difference. The variations in sets of color differences are nonnormal distributed. This article compares five statistical methods to determine the 95% tolerance limit on nine data sets of color differences. (dagger)Published 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 36, 160 - 168, 2011; Published online 21 June 2010 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20622 C1 [Nadal, Maria E.; Miller, C. Cameron] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fairman, Hugh S.] Resources III Inc, Tatamy, PA 18085 USA. RP Nadal, ME (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8442, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM maria.nadal@nist.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0361-2317 J9 COLOR RES APPL JI Color Res. Appl. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 36 IS 3 BP 160 EP 168 DI 10.1002/col.20622 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 755NT UT WOS:000289940100001 ER PT J AU Papanastasiou, DK Burkholder, JB AF Papanastasiou, Dimitrios K. Burkholder, James B. TI Rate Coefficients for the O(P-3) + Cl2O Gas-Phase Reaction between 230 and 357 K SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC OZONE; CHLORINE; ATOMS; CLO; DEPLETION; KINETICS; PRODUCT AB Rate coefficients, k, for the gas-phase reaction of O(P-3) atoms with Cl2O (dichlorine monoxide) over a range of temperatures (230-357 K) at pressures between 12 and 32 Torr (N-2) are reported. Rate coefficients were measured under pseudo-first-order conditions in O(P-3) using pulsed laser photolysis to produce O(P-3) atoms and atomic resonance fluorescence to detect its temporal profile. The rate coefficient temperature dependence is given by the Arrhenius expression k(T) = (1.51 +/- 0.20) x 10(-11) exp[-(477 +/- 30)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), and k(296 K) was measured to be (2.93 +/- 0.30) x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The quoted uncertainty limits are at the 2 sigma (95% confidence) level and include estimated systematic errors. The rate coefficients determined in the present study, under conditions that minimized secondary losses of O(P-3), are compared with previous results from other laboratories and the discrepancies are discussed. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* Int J Chem Kinet 43: 312-321, 2011 C1 [Papanastasiou, Dimitrios K.; Burkholder, James B.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Papanastasiou, Dimitrios K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Papanastasiou, Dimitrios/O-1419-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Papanastasiou, Dimitrios/0000-0003-3963-162X; FU NOAA; NASA FX We thank Edward J. Dunlea for helpful discussions. This work was supported in part by NOAA's Climate Goal and NASA's Atmospheric Composition program. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 43 IS 6 BP 312 EP 321 DI 10.1002/kin.20556 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 756BU UT WOS:000289987500004 ER PT J AU Borrero, JC McAdoo, B Jaffe, B Dengler, L Gelfenbaum, G Higman, B Hidayat, R Moore, A Kongko, W Lukijanto Peters, R Prasetya, G Titov, V Yulianto, E AF Borrero, Jose C. McAdoo, Brian Jaffe, Bruce Dengler, Lori Gelfenbaum, Guy Higman, Bretwood Hidayat, Rahman Moore, Andrew Kongko, Widjo Lukijanto Peters, Robert Prasetya, Gegar Titov, Vasily Yulianto, Eko TI Field Survey of the March 28, 2005 Nias-Simeulue Earthquake and Tsunami SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; earthquake; Sumatra; subduction zone; natural hazards; hazard mitigation ID INDIAN-OCEAN-TSUNAMI; SUMATRA; DECEMBER-2004; MEGATHRUST; BENGKULU; WAVE AB On the evening of March 28, 2005 at 11:09 p.m. local time (16:09 UTC), a large earthquake occurred offshore of West Sumatra, Indonesia. With a moment magnitude (M (w)) of 8.6, the event caused substantial shaking damage and land level changes between Simeulue Island in the north and the Batu Islands in the south. The earthquake also generated a tsunami, which was observed throughout the source region as well as on distant tide gauges. While the tsunami was not as extreme as the tsunami of December 26th, 2004, it did cause significant flooding and damage at some locations. The spatial and temporal proximity of the two events led to a unique set of observational data from the earthquake and tsunami as well as insights relevant to tsunami hazard planning and education efforts. C1 [Borrero, Jose C.] ASR Ltd, Marine Consulting & Res, Raglan 3225, New Zealand. [Borrero, Jose C.] Univ So Calif, Tsunami Res Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [McAdoo, Brian] Vassar Coll, Dept Earth Sci & Geog, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. [Jaffe, Bruce; Gelfenbaum, Guy; Peters, Robert] Pacific Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Dengler, Lori] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Higman, Bretwood] Univ Washington, Dept Earth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hidayat, Rahman; Kongko, Widjo; Lukijanto; Prasetya, Gegar] Coastal Engn Lab BPPT, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia. [Moore, Andrew] Kent State Univ, Dept Geol, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Titov, Vasily] NOAA Ctr Tsunami Res, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Titov, Vasily] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Yulianto, Eko] Indonesian Inst Sci, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Hidayat, Rahman] UNU ISP, Shibuya Ku, Tokyo 1508925, Japan. RP Borrero, JC (reprint author), ASR Ltd, Marine Consulting & Res, Raglan 3225, New Zealand. EM jborrero@usc.edu RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012; OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 FU University of Southern California; National Science Foundation; USAID Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance; US Geological Survey; Vassar College FX The authors would like to acknowledge Captain Lee Clarke, First Mate Darren Stockwell and the crew of the M.V. Seimoa for their efforts in making the voyage safe and successful. Anthony Marcotti and Jordan Heuer of Saraina Koat Mentawai Surf Charters were instrumental in organizing the trip's complicated logistics. The University of Southern California, the National Science Foundation, USAID Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, the US Geological Survey and Vassar College provided funding for this study. Etienne Kingsley assisted in the field data collection effort. JCB would like to thank Dunstan and Trish Hogan for providing a tranquil location in St. Francis Beach, South Africa where significant progress in the preparation of this report for publication was made. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 168 IS 6-7 BP 1075 EP 1088 DI 10.1007/s00024-010-0218-6 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 753QM UT WOS:000289794700008 ER PT J AU Dengler, L Uslu, B AF Dengler, Lori Uslu, Burak TI Effects of Harbor Modification on Crescent City, California's Tsunami Vulnerability SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; Crescent City; California; 2006 Kuril Islands; natural hazards; hazard mitigation ID EARTHQUAKES AB More damaging tsunamis have impacted Crescent City, California in historic times than any other location on the West Coast of the USA. Crescent City's harbor has undergone significant modification since the early 20th century, including construction of several breakwaters, dredging, and a 200 x 300 m(2) small boat basin. In 2006, a M (w) 8.3 earthquake in the Kuril Islands generated a moderate Pacific-wide tsunami. Crescent City recorded the highest amplitudes of any tide gauge in the Pacific and was the only location to experience structural damage. Strong currents damaged docks and boats within the small boat basin, causing more than US $20 million in damage and replacement costs. We examine how modifications to Crescent City's harbor may have affected its vulnerability to moderate tsunamis such as the 2006 event. A bathymetric grid of the basin was constructed based on US Army Corps of Engineers soundings in 1964 and 1965 before the construction of the small boat basin. The method of splitting tsunamis was used to estimate tsunami water heights and current velocities at several locations in the harbor using both the 1964-1965 grid and the 2006 bathymetric grid for the 2006 Kuril event and a similar-sized source along the Sanriku coast of Japan. Model velocity outputs are compared for the two different bathymetries at the tide gauge location and at six additional computational sites in the harbor. The largest difference between the two grids is at the small boat basin entrance, where the 2006 bathymetry produces currents over three times the strength of the currents produced by the 1965 bathymetry. Peak currents from a Sanriku event are comparable to those produced by the 2006 event, and within the boat basin may have been higher. The modifications of the harbor, and in particular the addition of the small boat basin, appear to have contributed to the high current velocities and resulting damage in 2006 and help to explain why the 1933 M (w) 8.4-8.7 Sanriku tsunami caused no damage at Crescent City. C1 [Dengler, Lori] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Uslu, Burak] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Ocean & Atmosphere, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Uslu, Burak] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Dengler, L (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM lori.dengler@humboldt.edu; Burak.Uslu@noaa.gov RI zulkefle, ahmad aizan/C-7917-2011 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 168 IS 6-7 BP 1175 EP 1185 DI 10.1007/s00024-010-0224-8 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 753QM UT WOS:000289794700015 ER PT J AU Tasneem, G Tomastik, C Gerhold, S Werner, WSM Smekal, W Powell, CJ AF Tasneem, G. Tomastik, C. Gerhold, S. Werner, W. S. M. Smekal, W. Powell, C. J. TI Photoelectron angular distributions of Cu, Ag, Pt and Au samples: experiments and simulations SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE ARXPS; anisotropy; elastic scattering; surface excitations ID QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; ENERGY ELECTRONS; SURFACE; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; SPECTRA; METALS AB Angular distributions of photoelectrons emitted from semi-infinite Cu, Ag, Pt and Au specimens have been measured for off-normal emission angles in the range between 20 and 70 degrees with a Thermo Theta Probe electron spectrometer. Experimental peak intensities for peaks of atomic subshells observable in the spectra were compared with results of simulations using the NIST Database for the Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis (SESSA) that takes into account the effects of (i) anisotropy of the photoelectric cross-section; (ii) elastic scattering of the photoelectrons; and (iii) the finite solid angle of the detector. In addition, a separate correction was made to the simulated intensities for the effects of surface excitations. The combined influence of these effects was found to significantly affect the angular distributions. Furthermore, it was found that ratios of the calculated peak intensities of the observed subshells for a particular material to the measured intensities deviate from unity by typically less than 1% after corrections for multiple inelastic scattering and surface excitations. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Tasneem, G.; Gerhold, S.; Werner, W. S. M.; Smekal, W.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Angew Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Tomastik, C.] Austrian Ctr Competence Tribol, A-2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria. [Powell, C. J.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tasneem, G (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Angew Phys, Wiedner Hauptstr 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. EM ghazaltasneem@yahoo.com RI Tomastik, Christian/C-4864-2013; Krailers, Niramai/K-8496-2016 OI Krailers, Niramai/0000-0002-7053-7087 FU EFRE; country of Lower Austria; Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, via Osterreichischer Austauschdienst in Vienna FX This work was partially supported with EFRE funding and with support of the country of Lower Austria within the project 'OnLab'. G. Tasneem gratefully acknowledges financial support by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, via Osterreichischer Austauschdienst in Vienna. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 43 IS 6 BP 934 EP 939 DI 10.1002/sia.3661 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 756ZQ UT WOS:000290053700002 ER PT J AU Edwards, HJ Elliott, IA Eakin, CM Irikawa, A Madin, JS McField, M Morgan, JA van Woesik, R Mumby, PJ AF Edwards, Helen J. Elliott, Ian A. Eakin, C. Mark Irikawa, Akiyuki Madin, Joshua S. McField, Melanie Morgan, Jessica A. van Woesik, Robert Mumby, Peter J. TI How much time can herbivore protection buy for coral reefs under realistic regimes of hurricanes and coral bleaching? SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; coral bleaching; coral reef dynamics; global climate model; grazing; hurricanes ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; US VIRGIN-ISLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; DIADEMA-ANTILLARUM; TROPICAL CYCLONES; MORTALITY; MODEL; CONSERVATION; VARIABILITY AB Coral reefs have been more severely impacted by recent climate instability than any other ecosystem on Earth. Corals tolerate a narrow range of physical environmental stress, and increases in sea temperature of just 1 degrees C over several weeks can result in mass coral mortality, often exceeding 95% of individuals over hundreds of square kilometres. Even conservative climate models predict that mass coral bleaching events could occur annually by 2050. Unfortunately, managers of coral-reef resources have few options available to meet this challenge. Here, we investigate the role that fisheries conservation tools, including the designation of marine reserves, can play in altering future trajectories of Caribbean coral reefs. We use an individual-based model of the ecological dynamics to test the influence of spatially realistic regimes of disturbance on coral populations. Two major sources of disturbance, hurricanes and coral bleaching, are simulated in contrasting regions of the Caribbean: Belize, Bonaire, and the Bahamas. Simulations are extended to 2099 using the HadGEM1 climate model. We find that coral populations can maintain themselves under all levels of hurricane disturbance providing that grazing levels are high. Regional differences in hurricane frequency are found to cause strikingly different spatial patterns of reef health with greater patchiness occurring in Belize, which has less frequent disturbance, than the Bahamas. The addition of coral bleaching led to a much more homogenous reef state over the seascape. Moreover, in the presence of bleaching, all reefs exhibited a decline in health over time, though with substantial variation among regions. Although the protection of herbivores does not prevent reef degradation it does delay rates of coral loss even under the most severe thermal and hurricane regimes. Thus, we can estimate the degree to which local conservation can help buy time for reefs with values ranging between 18 years in the Bahamas and over 50 years in Bonaire, compared with heavily fished systems. Ultimately, we demonstrate that local conservation measures can benefit reef ecosystem services but that their impact will vary spatially and temporally. Recognizing where such management interventions will either help or fail is an important step towards both achieving sustainable use of coral-reef resources and maximizing resource management investments. C1 [Edwards, Helen J.; Elliott, Ian A.; Mumby, Peter J.] Univ Exeter, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Sch Biosci, Exeter EX4 4PS, Devon, England. [Eakin, C. Mark; Morgan, Jessica A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Irikawa, Akiyuki; van Woesik, Robert] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Irikawa, Akiyuki] Shizuoka Univ, Shizuoka, Japan. [Madin, Joshua S.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2023, Australia. [McField, Melanie] Healthy Reefs Initiat Smithsonian Inst, Belize City, Belize. [Mumby, Peter J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Mumby, Peter J.] Univ Queensland, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Mumby, PJ (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Sch Biosci, Prince Wales Rd, Exeter EX4 4PS, Devon, England. EM p.j.mumby@uq.edu.au RI Elliott, Ian/C-5300-2009; Edwards, Helen/D-1633-2009; Mumby, Peter/F-9914-2010; Morgan, Jessica/E-7926-2011; kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011; Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010 OI Madin, Joshua/0000-0002-5005-6227; Edwards, Helen/0000-0003-1174-8009; FU ARC; U.S. EPA Science to Achieve Results [R832223]; NERC FX This research was made possible by funding from an ARC Laureate Fellowship, U.S. EPA Science to Achieve Results (R832223) and NERC. Simon Donner provided useful discussions on GCMs and the calculation of DHMs. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the US Government. We thank the referees for helpful suggestions on an earlier version of the paper. NR 76 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 7 U2 75 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 17 IS 6 BP 2033 EP 2048 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02366.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 751TV UT WOS:000289641400003 ER PT J AU Matsuo, T Nychka, DW Paul, D AF Matsuo, Tomoko Nychka, Douglas W. Paul, Debashis TI Nonstationary covariance modeling for incomplete data: Monte Carlo EM approach SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Computational efficiency; Gaussian process; Multi-resolution basis; Regularized method of moment; Sparse covariance matrix; Surface ozone observation ID EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; MATRICES AB A multi-resolution basis can provide a useful representation of nonstationary two-dimensional spatial processes that are typically encountered in the geosciences. The main advantages are its flexibility for representing departures from stationarity and importantly the scalability of algorithms to large numbers of spatial locations. The key ingredients of our approach are the availability of fast transforms for wavelet bases on regular grids and enforced sparsity in the covariance matrix among wavelet basis coefficients. In support of this approach we outline a theoretical proposition for decay properties of the multi-resolution covariance for mixtures of Matern covariances. A covariance estimator, built upon a regularized method of moment, is straightforward to compute for complete data on regular grids. For irregular spatial data the estimator is implemented by using a conditional simulation algorithm drawn from a Monte Carlo Expectation Maximization approach, to translate the problem to a regular grid in order to take advantage of efficient wavelet transforms. This method is illustrated with a Monte Carlo experiment and applied to surface ozone data from an environmental monitoring network. The computational efficiency makes it possible to provide bootstrap measures of uncertainty and these provide objective evidence of the nonstationarity of the surface ozone field. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Matsuo, Tomoko; Nychka, Douglas W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Geophys Stat Project, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Matsuo, Tomoko] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Paul, Debashis] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Stat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Matsuo, T (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Geophys Stat Project, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM tomoko.matsuo@colorado.edu FU National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation [DMS-0806128, DMR-1035468] FX This work was supported in part by the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Additionally, Paul's research was partially supported by the NSF grants DMS-0806128 and DMR-1035468. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9473 EI 1872-7352 J9 COMPUT STAT DATA AN JI Comput. Stat. Data Anal. PD JUN 1 PY 2011 VL 55 IS 6 BP 2059 EP 2073 DI 10.1016/j.csda.2010.12.002 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 743JV UT WOS:000289015500004 ER PT J AU Wilson, C Borgmeyer, B Winholtz, RA Ma, HB Jacobson, D Hussey, D AF Wilson, C. Borgmeyer, B. Winholtz, R. A. Ma, H. B. Jacobson, D. Hussey, D. TI Thermal and Visual Observation of Water and Acetone Oscillating Heat Pipes SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Thermal Issues in Emerging Technologies CY DEC 17-20, 2008 CL Cairo, EGYPT DE oscillating heat pipe; pulsating heat pipe; neutron radiography ID FLOW VISUALIZATION AB A visual and thermal experimental investigation of four oscillating heat pipes (OHPs) was conducted to observe fluid flow of liquid plugs and vapor bubbles in the OHP and its effect on the temperature distribution and heat transfer performance in an OHP. These four OHPs consist of an open loop water OHP, an open loop acetone OHP, a closed loop water OHP, and a closed loop acetone OHP. These copper OHPs were constructed identically with all six turns in the same plane. They were constructed out of 1.65 mm inner diameter copper tubing and copper heat spreading plates in the evaporator and condenser regions. The heat pipes were charged at a filling ratio of about 50%. The results show that the acetone OHP at low power performs better than the water OHP, while at high power the water OHP exceeds the acetone OHP. The experimental results show that both the acetone and water closed loop OHPs had reduced movement in the connecting turn between the two sides. However, in the water closed loop OHP, this prevented circulation altogether. Comparing the water closed loop OHP to the water open loop OHP, their flow patterns were similar. Therefore, improving the flow in this turn should increase the closed loop OHP's performance. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4003546] C1 [Borgmeyer, B.; Winholtz, R. A.; Ma, H. B.] Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Wilson, C.] Dalian Maritime Univ, Dept Marine Engn, Dalian 116026, Peoples R China. [Jacobson, D.; Hussey, D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ma, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM mah@missouri.edu NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2011 VL 133 IS 6 AR 061502 DI 10.1115/1.4003546 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 732VN UT WOS:000288217900009 ER PT J AU Gerbig, YB Stranick, SJ Cook, RF AF Gerbig, Yvonne B. Stranick, Stephan J. Cook, Robert F. TI Direct observation of phase transformation anisotropy in indented silicon studied by confocal Raman spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MONO-CRYSTALLINE SILICON; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; AMORPHOUS SI; INDENTATION; NANOINDENTATION; MICROSTRUCTURES; AMORPHIZATION; SIMULATIONS; GERMANIUM; BEHAVIOR AB The theoretically predicted anisotropic nature of the indentation phase transformation in silicon (Si) is observed directly in experiments using hyperspectral, confocal Raman microscopy. The anisotropy is reflected in the two-dimensional distribution of the residual diamond cubic Si-I phase and high-pressure phases in indented Si(001), Si(110), and Si(111) surfaces, and is linked to the number and orientation of the {111}< 110 > slip systems of the diamond cubic phase that are activated during indentation. Key to the observation of the anisotropic phase transformation is the local preservation of Si-I in the residual contact impression, which is controlled by the magnitude of the applied indentation strain, epsilon(I). The condition for islands of Si-I to be retained after indentation is 0.04 < epsilon(I) < 0.01; strains outside of this range either do not result in a residual contact impression or completely transform the contacted material, rendering the underlying anisotropy of the phase transformation unobservable. C1 [Gerbig, Yvonne B.; Cook, Robert F.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stranick, Stephan J.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gerbig, YB (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.cook@nist.gov NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 31 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 20 AR 205209 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.205209 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 770MG UT WOS:000291090100010 ER PT J AU Trinkle, DR Ju, HS Heuser, BJ Udovic, TJ AF Trinkle, Dallas R. Ju, Hyunsu Heuser, Brent J. Udovic, Terrence J. TI Nanoscale hydride formation at dislocations in palladium: Ab initio theory and inelastic neutron scattering measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; HYDROGEN; METALS; SOLUBILITY; CHEMISTRY; MAGNESIUM; DYNAMICS; DEFECTS; SYSTEMS; ALLOYS AB Hydrogen arranges at dislocations in palladium to form nanoscale hydrides, changing the vibrational spectra. An ab initio hydrogen potential energy model versus Pd neighbor distances allows us to predict the vibrational excitations for H from absolute zero up to room temperature adjacent to a partial dislocation and with strain. Using the equilibrium distribution of hydrogen with temperature, we predict excitation spectra to explain new incoherent inelastic neutron-scattering measurements. At 0 K, dislocation cores trap H to form nanometer-sized hydrides, while increased temperature dissolves the hydrides and disperses H throughout bulk Pd. C1 [Trinkle, Dallas R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ju, Hyunsu; Heuser, Brent J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Udovic, Terrence J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Trinkle, DR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM dtrinkle@illinois.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Trinkle, Dallas/E-6609-2010 FU NSF [DMR-0804810]; NSF through Tera-Grid resources; National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce FX This research was supported by NSF under Grant No. DMR-0804810, and in part by the NSF through Tera-Grid resources provided by NCSA and TACC. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 31 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 17 AR 174116 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.174116 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 770LO UT WOS:000291088200007 ER PT J AU Aeby, GS Williams, GJ Franklin, EC Kenyon, J Cox, EF Coles, S Work, TM AF Aeby, Greta S. Williams, Gareth J. Franklin, Erik C. Kenyon, Jean Cox, Evelyn F. Coles, Steve Work, Thierry M. TI Patterns of Coral Disease across the Hawaiian Archipelago: Relating Disease to Environment SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WHITE-BAND DISEASE; INDO-PACIFIC; ACROPORA-PALMATA; GROWTH ANOMALIES; REEF SYSTEM; KANEOHE BAY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PORITES-COMPRESSA; MODEL SELECTION; PALMYRA ATOLL AB In Hawaii, coral reefs occur across a gradient of biological (host abundance), climatic (sea surface temperature anomalies) and anthropogenic conditions from the human-impacted reefs of the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) to the pristine reefs of the northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Coral disease surveys were conducted at 142 sites from across the Archipelago and disease patterns examined. Twelve diseases were recorded from three coral genera (Porites, Montipora, Acropora) with Porites having the highest prevalence. Porites growth anomalies (PorGAs) were significantly more prevalent within and indicative of reefs in the MHI and Porites trematodiasis (PorTrm) was significantly more prevalent within and indicative of reefs in the NWHI. Porites tissue loss syndrome (PorTLS) was also important in driving regional differences but that relationship was less clear. These results highlight the importance of understanding disease ecology when interpreting patterns of disease occurrence. PorTrm is caused by a parasitic flatworm that utilizes multiple hosts during its life cycle (fish, mollusk and coral). All three hosts must be present for the disease to occur and higher host abundance leads to higher disease prevalence. Thus, a high prevalence of PorTrm on Hawaiian reefs would be an indicator of a healthy coral reef ecosystem. In contrast, the high occurrence of PorGAs within the MHI suggests that PorGAs are related, directly or indirectly, to some environmental co-factor associated with increased human population sizes. Focusing on the three indicator diseases (PorGAs, PorTrm, PorTLS) we used statistical modeling to examine the underlying associations between disease prevalence and 14 different predictor variables (biotic and abiotic). All three diseases showed positive associations with host abundance and negative associations with thermal stress. The association with human population density differed among disease states with PorGAs showing a positive and PorTrm showing a negative association, but no significant explanatory power was offered for PorTLS. C1 [Aeby, Greta S.; Franklin, Erik C.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA. [Williams, Gareth J.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. [Williams, Gareth J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kenyon, Jean] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kenyon, Jean] NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Cox, Evelyn F.] Univ Hawaii W Oahu, Pearl City, HI USA. [Coles, Steve] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI USA. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Aeby, GS (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA. EM greta@hawaii.edu; gareth@ucsd.edu RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015; OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090; Kenyon, Jean/0000-0001-7682-475X FU Victoria University of Wellington (VUW); New Zealand International Doctoral Research Scholarship; Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument-Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology MOA; Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NAS5-03117] FX GW was supported by a Victoria University of Wellington (VUW) Vice-Chancellor's Strategic Research Scholarship and a New Zealand International Doctoral Research Scholarship. GA was supported by the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument-Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology MOA. Funding for this research came, in part, from the Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative and the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument-Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology MOA. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; We thank the officers and crew of the NOAA ships Oscar Elton Sette and Hi'ialakai, for logistic support and field assistance. The Coral Reef Temperature Anomaly Database (CoRTAD) was developed by the NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. It was provided by the NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center at http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/SatelliteData/Cortad/. Human population data was provided by the Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University; United Nations Food and Agriculture Programme (FAO); and Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) with funding from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Contract NAS5-03117 for the Continued Operation of the Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). This manuscript was greatly improved by input from two anonymous reviewers. NR 90 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 59 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 31 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 5 AR e20370 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0020370 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 770OP UT WOS:000291097600056 PM 21655248 ER PT J AU Marques, C Janssen, Y Kim, MS Wu, L Chi, SX Lynn, JW Aronson, MC AF Marques, C. Janssen, Y. Kim, M. S. Wu, L. Chi, S. X. Lynn, J. W. Aronson, M. C. TI HfFeGa2 and HfMnGa2: Transition-metal-based itinerant ferromagnets with low Curie temperatures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC PHASE-TRANSITION; ELECTRON FERROMAGNETISM; CRITICAL EXPONENTS; QUANTUM; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; STATE; PRESSURE; BEHAVIOR; COEXISTENCE; DEPENDENCE AB We present a report on the physical properties of the transition-metal-based ferromagnets HfFeGa2 and HfMnGa2. The magnetic susceptibility in both displays Curie-Weiss behavior at high temperature that is replaced by the critical susceptibility just above the Curie temperatures, which are 47.9 K in HfFeGa2 and 25.6 K in HfMnGa2. The ferromagnetically ordered state has a coercive field of 1700 Oe in HfFeGa2 and 320 Oe in HfMnGa2, with strong anisotropy that largely confines the moments to the b axis. Critical exponents that are derived from neutron diffraction measurements and Arrott plot analyses of the magnetization confirm the mean-field character of the ferromagnetic transitions. Phonons dominate the specific heat at all temperatures, but clear ordering anomalies accompany the onset of ferromagnetic order, as well as an electronic component that is larger in the ordered than paramagnetic states. Both HfFeGa2 and HfMnGa2 are metallic, and we observe an anomalous exponent in the temperature-dependent resistivity rho(T), where rho(T) - rho(0) = BT5/3, signaling that the ordered state is a marginal Fermi liquid. Overall, the robustness of ferromagnetic order, the Curie temperatures, and the impact of fluctuations in both HfFeGa2 and HfMnGa2 are very similar to those of previously studied ferromagnets, such as MnSi, ZrZn2, Ni3Al, and Sc3In. C1 [Marques, C.; Janssen, Y.; Kim, M. S.; Aronson, M. C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Marques, C.; Kim, M. S.; Wu, L.; Aronson, M. C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Chi, S. X.; Lynn, J. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marques, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM maronson@bnl.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013; Wu, Liusuo/A-5611-2016 OI Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153; Wu, Liusuo/0000-0003-0103-5267 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH1886] FX This work was carried out under the auspices of the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH1886. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 31 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 18 AR 184435 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.184435 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 770LU UT WOS:000291088800011 ER PT J AU Roberts, JM Veres, PR Cochran, AK Warneke, C Burling, IR Yokelson, RJ Lerner, B Gilman, JB Kuster, WC Fall, R de Gouw, J AF Roberts, James M. Veres, Patrick R. Cochran, Anthony K. Warneke, Carsten Burling, Ian R. Yokelson, Robert J. Lerner, Brian Gilman, Jessica B. Kuster, William C. Fall, Ray de Gouw, Joost TI Isocyanic acid in the atmosphere and its possible link to smoke-related health effects SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE troposphere; heterogeneous chemistry ID NI-PT-CIMS; GAS-PHASE; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; HENRYS LAW; HNCO; PYROLYSIS; CARBAMYLATION; PHOTODISSOCIATION; CHEMISTRY; KINETICS AB We measured isocyanic acid (HNCO) in laboratory biomass fires at levels up to 600 parts per billion by volume (ppbv), demonstrating that it has a significant source from pyrolysis/combustion of biomass. We also measured HNCO at mixing ratios up to 200 pptv (parts-per-trillion by volume) in ambient air in urban Los Angeles, CA, and in Boulder, CO, during the recent 2010 Fourmile Canyon fire. Further, our measurements of aqueous solubility show that HNCO is highly soluble, as it dissociates at physiological pH. Exposure levels >1 ppbv provide a direct source of isocyanic acid and cyanate ion (NCO-) to humans at levels that have recognized health effects: atherosclerosis, cataracts, and rheumatoid arthritis, through the mechanism of protein carbamylation. In addition to the wildland fire and urban sources, we observed HNCO in tobacco smoke, HNCO has been reported from the low-temperature combustion of coal, and as a by-product of urea-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems that are being phased-in to control on-road diesel NOx emissions in the United States and the European Union. Given the current levels of exposure in populations that burn biomass or use tobacco, the expected growth in biomass burning emissions with warmer, drier regional climates, and planned increase in diesel SCR controls, it is imperative that we understand the extent and effects of this HNCO exposure. C1 [Roberts, James M.; Veres, Patrick R.; Warneke, Carsten; Lerner, Brian; Gilman, Jessica B.; Kuster, William C.; de Gouw, Joost] NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Veres, Patrick R.; Warneke, Carsten; Lerner, Brian; Gilman, Jessica B.; Kuster, William C.; Fall, Ray; de Gouw, Joost] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cochran, Anthony K.] NOAA, Interdisciplinary Sci Environm Technol ISET Ct, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Burling, Ian R.; Yokelson, Robert J.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem & Biochem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Fall, Ray] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Roberts, JM (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, R-CSD7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.m.roberts@noaa.gov RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; FU NOAA; NOAA's Climate Goal; National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM 1542457]; Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences (CIRES); Department of Defense (DoD) [SI-1648, SI-1649] FX We thank the USDA Fire Lab, Missoula, Montana, for the use of their facility, and the California Institute of Technology for hosting the CalNex 2010 ground site. We acknowledge useful discussions with Paul Wennberg, Robert Harley, and Armin Wisthaler, and John Holloway for CO measurements in the Pasadena studies. This work was supported by the NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program and NOAA's Climate Goal, the NOAA-ISET Program, National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant number ATM 1542457, the Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences (CIRES) Innovative Research Program, and Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) Grant Numbers SI-1648 and SI-1649. NR 55 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 8 U2 41 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 31 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 22 BP 8966 EP 8971 DI 10.1073/pnas.1103352108 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 770RM UT WOS:000291106200019 PM 21576489 ER PT J AU Gu, DZ Wallis, TM Blanchard, P Lim, SH Imtiaz, A Bertness, KA Sanford, NA Kabos, P AF Gu, Dazhen Wallis, T. M. Blanchard, P. Lim, Sang-Hyun Imtiaz, A. Bertness, K. A. Sanford, N. A. Kabos, P. TI De-embedding parasitic elements of GaN nanowire metal semiconductor field effect transistors by use of microwave measurements SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBE; PERFORMANCE; FREQUENCY; CONTACTS; GRAPHENE AB We present a de-embedding roadmap for extracting parasitic elements of a nanowire (NW) metal semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET) from full two-port scattering-parameter measurements in 0.1-25 GHz range. The NW MESFET is integrated in a microwave coplanar waveguide structure. A conventional MESFET circuit model is modified to include capacitors of small value that is non-negligible in NW devices. We follow a step-by-step removal of external elements and an iteration search for optimized model data. The fitted model indicates good agreement with experimental data. This letter reflects a significant step toward full circuit modeling of NW MESFETs under normal operating conditions. [doi: 10.1063/1.3597408] C1 [Gu, Dazhen; Wallis, T. M.; Lim, Sang-Hyun; Imtiaz, A.; Kabos, P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Blanchard, P.; Bertness, K. A.; Sanford, N. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Optoelect Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gu, DZ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dazhen.gu@nist.gov RI Gu, Dazhen/B-4854-2012 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 30 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 22 AR 223109 DI 10.1063/1.3597408 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 774SD UT WOS:000291405700059 ER PT J AU Papanastasiou, DK Feierabend, KJ Burkholder, JB AF Papanastasiou, Dimitrios K. Feierabend, Karl J. Burkholder, James B. TI Cl2O photochemistry: Ultraviolet/vis absorption spectrum temperature dependence and O(P-3) quantum yield at 193 and 248 nm SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DICHLORINE MONOXIDE CL2O; CHLORINE MONOXIDE; CROSS-SECTIONS; SELF-REACTION; OZONE DEPLETION; ANTARCTIC OZONE; PHOTODISSOCIATION; CLO; UV; PHOTOLYSIS AB The photochemistry of Cl2O (dichlorine monoxide) was studied using measurements of its UV/vis absorption spectrum temperature dependence and the O(P-3) atom quantum yield, Phi(O)(Cl2O)(lambda), in its photolysis at 193 and 248 nm. The Cl2O UV/vis absorption spectrum was measured over the temperature range 201-296 K between 200 and 500 nm using diode array spectroscopy. Cl2O absorption cross sections, sigma(Cl2O)(lambda, T), at temperatures <296 K were determined relative to its well established room temperature values. A wavelength and temperature dependent parameterization of the Cl2O spectrum using the sum of six Gaussian functions, which empirically represent transitions from the ground (1)A(1) electronic state to excited states, is presented. The Gaussian functions are found to correlate well with published theoretically calculated vertical excitation energies. O(3P) quantum yields in the photolysis of Cl2O at 193 and 248 nm were measured using pulsed laser photolysis combined with atomic resonance fluorescence detection of O(P-3) atoms. O(P-3) quantum yields were measured to be 0.85 +/- 0.15 for 193 nm photolysis at 296 K and 0.20 +/- 0.03 at 248 nm, which was also found to be independent of temperature (220-352 K) and pressure (17 and 28 Torr, N-2). The quoted uncertainties are at the 2 sigma (95% confidence) level and include estimated systematic errors. ClO radical temporal profiles obtained following the photolysis of Cl2O at 248 nm, as reported previously in Feierabend et al. [J. Phys. Chem. A 114, 12052, (2010)], were interpreted to establish a <5% upper-limit for the O + Cl-2 photodissociation channel, which indicates that O(P-3) is primarily formed in the three-body, 0 + 2Cl, photodissociation channel at 248 nm. The analysis also indirectly provided a Cl atom quantum yield of 1.2 +/- 0.1 at 248 nm. The results from this work are compared with previous studies where possible. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3592662] C1 [Papanastasiou, Dimitrios K.; Feierabend, Karl J.; Burkholder, James B.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Papanastasiou, Dimitrios K.; Feierabend, Karl J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Papanastasiou, Dimitrios/O-1419-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Papanastasiou, Dimitrios/0000-0003-3963-162X; FU NOAA; NASA FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Climate Goal and NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 28 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 20 AR 204310 DI 10.1063/1.3592662 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 770SD UT WOS:000291107900032 PM 21639443 ER PT J AU Meredith, NP Horne, RB Lam, MM Denton, MH Borovsky, JE Green, JC AF Meredith, Nigel P. Horne, Richard B. Lam, Mai Mai Denton, Michael H. Borovsky, Joseph E. Green, Janet C. TI Energetic electron precipitation during high-speed solar wind stream driven storms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COROTATING INTERACTION REGIONS; RECURRENT GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; OUTER RADIATION BELT; MAGNETIC STORMS; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; PARTICLE-PRECIPITATION; PLASMASPHERIC HISS; CHORUS EMISSIONS; PLASMA SHEET; ACCELERATION AB Electron precipitation from the Earth's inner magnetosphere transmits solar variability to the Earth's upper atmosphere and may affect surface level climate. Here we conduct a superposed epoch analysis of energetic electrons observed by the NOAA POES spacecraft during 42 high-speed solar wind stream (HSS) driven geomagnetic storms to determine the temporal evolution and global distribution of the precipitating flux. The flux of trapped and precipitating E > 30 keV electrons increases immediately following storm onset and remains elevated during the passage of the HSS. In contrast, the trapped and precipitating relativistic electrons (E > 1 MeV) drop out following storm onset and subsequently increase during the recovery phase to levels which eventually exceed the prestorm levels. There is no evidence for enhanced precipitation of relativistic electrons during the MeV flux drop out, suggesting that flux drop outs during the main phase of HSS-driven storms are not due to precipitation to the atmosphere. On average, the flux of precipitating E > 30 keV electrons is enhanced by a factor of similar to 10 during the passage of the high-speed stream at all geographic longitudes. In contrast, the precipitating relativistic electron count rate is observed to peak in the region poleward of the South Atlantic Anomaly. During the passage of the high-speed stream, the flux of precipitating E > 30 keV electrons peaks in the region from 2100 to 1200 magnetic local time at low L (4 < L < 7) and in the prenoon sector at high L (7 < L < 9), suggesting that chorus waves are responsible for the precipitation of E > 30 keV electrons in both regions. C1 [Meredith, Nigel P.; Horne, Richard B.] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Lam, Mai Mai] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Denton, Michael H.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. [Borovsky, Joseph E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Green, Janet C.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Meredith, NP (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM nmer@bas.ac.uk; r.horne@bas.ac.uk; mml9@ion.le.ac.uk; m.denton@lancaster.ac.uk; jborovsky@lanl.gov; janet.green@noaa.gov OI Horne, Richard/0000-0002-0412-6407; Meredith, Nigel/0000-0001-5032-3463; Denton, Michael/0000-0002-1748-3710 FU Natural Environment Research Council; STFC [ST/G002401/1/] FX We thank the NSSDC Omniweb for providing the geomagnetic indices and solar wind parameters used in this study. This work was supported, in part, by the Natural Environment Research Council. J.E.B. and M. H. D. would like to thank all at BAS for their hospitality during their visit in Spring 2010. Work at Lancaster was supported by STFC grant ST/G002401/1/. NR 84 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 28 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A05223 DI 10.1029/2010JA016293 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 770RX UT WOS:000291107300004 ER PT J AU Dlugokencky, EJ Nisbet, EG Fisher, R Lowry, D AF Dlugokencky, Edward J. Nisbet, Euan G. Fisher, Rebecca Lowry, David TI Global atmospheric methane: budget, changes and dangers SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE global methane budget; climate; greenhouse gas mitigation; isotope geochemistry; biogeochemical cycles ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; GROWTH-RATE; EMISSIONS; CH4; VARIABILITY; TERMINATION; GREENLAND; PLANTS; GAS AB A factor of 2.5 increase in the global abundance of atmospheric methane (CH(4)) since 1750 contributes 0.5 Wm(-2) to total direct radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases (2.77 Wm-2 in 2009), while its role in atmospheric chemistry adds another approximately 0.2Wm(-2) of indirect forcing. Since CH(4) has a relatively short lifetime and it is very close to a steady state, reductions in its emissions would quickly benefit climate. Sensible emission mitigation strategies require quantitative understanding of CH(4)'s budget of emissions and sinks. Atmospheric observations of CH(4) abundance and its rate of increase, combined with an estimate of the CH(4) lifetime, constrain total global CH(4) emissions to between 500 and 600 Tg CH(4) yr(-1). While total global emissions are constrained reasonably well, estimates of emissions by source sector vary by up to a factor of 2. Current observation networks are suitable to constrain emissions at large scales (e. g. global) but not at the regional to national scales necessary to verify emission reductions under emissions trading schemes. Improved constraints on the global CH(4) budget and its break down of emissions by source sector and country will come from an enhanced observation network for CH(4) abundance and its isotopic composition (delta(13)C, delta D (D = (2)H) and delta(14)C). Isotopic measurements are a valuable tool in distinguishing among various sources that contribute emissions to an air parcel, once fractionation by loss processes is accounted for. Isotopic measurements are especially useful at regional scales where signals are larger. Reducing emissions from many anthropogenic source sectors is cost-effective, but these gains may be cancelled, in part, by increasing emissions related to economic development in many parts of the world. An observation network that can quantitatively assess these changing emissions, both positive and negative, is required, especially in the context of emissions trading schemes. C1 [Dlugokencky, Edward J.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Nisbet, Euan G.; Fisher, Rebecca; Lowry, David] Univ London, Dept Earth Sci, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. RP Dlugokencky, EJ (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ed.dlugokencky@noaa.gov OI Fisher, Rebecca/0000-0002-9262-5467 NR 43 TC 178 Z9 183 U1 20 U2 178 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD MAY 28 PY 2011 VL 369 IS 1943 BP 2058 EP 2072 DI 10.1098/rsta.2010.0341 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 751LK UT WOS:000289619100013 PM 21502176 ER PT J AU Kelly, RP Foley, MM Fisher, WS Feely, RA Halpern, BS Waldbusser, GG Caldwell, MR AF Kelly, R. P. Foley, M. M. Fisher, W. S. Feely, R. A. Halpern, B. S. Waldbusser, G. G. Caldwell, M. R. TI Mitigating Local Causes of Ocean Acidification with Existing Laws SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; IMPACTS; EUTROPHICATION; SATURATION; COASTAL; WATER C1 [Kelly, R. P.; Foley, M. M.; Caldwell, M. R.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Fisher, W. S.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Feely, R. A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Halpern, B. S.] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Waldbusser, G. G.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kelly, RP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM rpk@stanford.edu OI Waldbusser, George/0000-0002-8334-580X NR 22 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 59 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 27 PY 2011 VL 332 IS 6033 BP 1036 EP 1037 DI 10.1126/science.1203815 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 769FN UT WOS:000290996700027 PM 21617060 ER PT J AU Katz, ME Cramer, BS Toggweiler, JR Esmay, G Liu, CJ Miller, KG Rosenthal, Y Wade, BS Wright, JD AF Katz, Miriam E. Cramer, Benjamin S. Toggweiler, J. R. Esmay, Gar Liu, Chengjie Miller, Kenneth G. Rosenthal, Yair Wade, Bridget S. Wright, James D. TI Impact of Antarctic Circumpolar Current Development on Late Paleogene Ocean Structure SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DRAKE PASSAGE; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; OLIGOCENE; TRANSITION; ISOTOPES; FORAMINIFERA; GREENHOUSE; ICEHOUSE; CLIMATE AB Global cooling and the development of continental-scale Antarctic glaciation occurred in the late middle Eocene to early Oligocene (similar to 38 to 28 million years ago), accompanied by deep-ocean reorganization attributed to gradual Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) development. Our benthic foraminiferal stable isotope comparisons show that a large delta(13)C offset developed between mid-depth (similar to 600 meters) and deep (>1000 meters) western North Atlantic waters in the early Oligocene, indicating the development of intermediate-depth delta(13)C and O(2) minima closely linked in the modern ocean to northward incursion of Antarctic Intermediate Water. At the same time, the ocean's coldest waters became restricted to south of the ACC, probably forming a bottom-ocean layer, as in the modern ocean. We show that the modern four-layer ocean structure (surface, intermediate, deep, and bottom waters) developed during the early Oligocene as a consequence of the ACC. C1 [Katz, Miriam E.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Cramer, Benjamin S.] Theiss Res, Eugene, OR USA. [Toggweiler, J. R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Esmay, Gar; Miller, Kenneth G.; Rosenthal, Yair; Wright, James D.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Liu, Chengjie] ExxonMobil Explorat, Houston, TX 77210 USA. [Rosenthal, Yair] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Wade, Bridget S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Katz, ME (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM katzm@rpi.edu RI Wade, Bridget/F-4987-2014 FU NSF [OCE 06-23256, OCE 09-28607, EAR03-07112, EAR05-06720]; Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. FX This research was supported by NSF grants OCE 06-23256 (M. E. K., K. G. M., B. S. W., and J.D.W.), OCE 09-28607 (B. S. C. and M. E. K.), EAR03-07112 (K. G. M.), and EAR05-06720 (K. G. M.). This research used samples provided by the ODP, which is sponsored by NSF and participating countries under management of the Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests. NR 38 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 35 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 27 PY 2011 VL 332 IS 6033 BP 1076 EP 1079 DI 10.1126/science.1202122 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 769FN UT WOS:000290996700042 PM 21617074 ER PT J AU Grodsky, SA Lumpkin, R Carton, JA AF Grodsky, Semyon A. Lumpkin, Rick Carton, James A. TI Spurious trends in global surface drifter currents SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC-OCEAN; PACIFIC-OCEAN AB The Global Drifter Program (GDP) has been measuring near-surface ocean currents with surface drifters since 1979. At least half of the World Ocean now has drifter velocity time series longer than 15 years. The availability of this data opens new opportunities to explore observationally how ocean circulation responds to changing surface forcing. In this paper we report evidence of an apparently spurious acceleration of global surface drifter currents. This rapid acceleration occurs in a pattern reflecting the geographic distribution of mean surface winds. For example, in the westerly wind region of the Southern Ocean this strengthening is at least 0.5 cm/s per year eastward, while in the easterly trade wind region of the tropics this strengthening is on average 0.25 cm/s per year westward. One possible explanation we explore is that the bias is due to the presence of some undrogued drifters whose frequency of occurrence changes in time and whose windage is significantly greater than that of the drogued drifters. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Professor Peter Niiler, who first suggested this explanation. Citation: Grodsky, S. A., R. Lumpkin, and J. A. Carton (2011), Spurious trends in global surface drifter currents, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L10606, doi: 10.1029/2011GL047393. C1 [Grodsky, Semyon A.; Carton, James A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA, PHOD, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Grodsky, SA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM senya@atmos.umd.edu RI carton, james/C-4807-2009; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009; Grodsky, Semyon/F-4929-2010 OI carton, james/0000-0003-0598-5198; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704; Grodsky, Semyon/0000-0002-0670-1356 FU NOAA/CPO/CCDD FX This research is supported by the NOAA/CPO/CCDD. We appreciate comments by P.-M. Poulain and anonymous reviewer. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 26 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L10606 DI 10.1029/2011GL047393 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 770PU UT WOS:000291101700003 ER PT J AU Villarini, G Vecchi, GA Knutson, TR Smith, JA AF Villarini, Gabriele Vecchi, Gabriel A. Knutson, Thomas R. Smith, James A. TI Is the recorded increase in short-duration North Atlantic tropical storms spurious? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CYCLONE ACTIVITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FREQUENCY; HURRICANES; OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; REDUCTION; INTENSITY AB The number of North Atlantic tropical storms lasting 2 days or less exhibits a large increase starting from the middle of the 20th century, driving the increase in recorded number of tropical storms over the past century. Here we present a set of quantitative analyses to assess whether this behavior is more likely associated with climate variability/change or with changes in observing systems. By using statistical methods combined with the current understanding of the physical processes, we are unable to find support for the hypothesis that the century-scale record of short-lived tropical cyclones in the Atlantic contains a detectable real climate signal. Therefore, we interpret the long-term secular increase in short-duration North Atlantic tropical storms as likely to be substantially inflated by observing system changes over time. These results strongly suggest that studies examining the frequency of North Atlantic tropical storms over the historical era (between the 19th century and present) should focus on storms of duration greater than about 2 days. C1 [Villarini, Gabriele; Smith, James A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Villarini, Gabriele] Willis Res Network, London, England. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Knutson, Thomas R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Villarini, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E-208 E Quad, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM gvillari@princeton.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Villarini, Gabriele/F-8069-2016 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Villarini, Gabriele/0000-0001-9566-2370 FU Willis Research Network; NOAA Cooperative Institute for Climate Sciences [NOAA CICS NA08OAR4320752]; National Science Foundation [CMMI-0653772] FX This work was partially funded by the Willis Research Network, the NOAA Cooperative Institute for Climate Sciences (grant NOAA CICS NA08OAR4320752), and the National Science Foundation (grant CMMI-0653772). The authors would like to thank D. M. Stasinopoulos, R. A. Rigby, and C. Akantziliotou, and F. E. Harrell Jr. for making the gamlss and Design packages freely available in R [R Development Core Team, 2008]. NR 60 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 26 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D10114 DI 10.1029/2010JD015493 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 770QA UT WOS:000291102400002 ER PT J AU Dong, CM McWilliams, JC Hall, A Hughes, M AF Dong, Changming McWilliams, James C. Hall, Alex Hughes, Mimi TI Numerical simulation of a synoptic event in the Southern California Bight SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; DATA ASSIMILATION ANALYSIS; TOPPED BOUNDARY-LAYERS; UPPER OCEAN 1950-95; CURRENT SYSTEM; PART II; ISLAND WAKES; CIRCULATION; SURFACE; PARAMETERIZATION AB In the middle of March 2002 a synoptic upwelling event occurred in the Southern California Bight; it was marked by a precipitous cooling of at least 4 degrees C within 10-20 km of the coast. By the end of the month the preevent temperatures had slowly recovered. The Regional Oceanic Model System (ROMS) is used to simulate the event with an atmospheric downscaling reanalysis for surface wind and buoyancy flux forcing. Lateral boundary conditions of temperature, salinity, velocity, and sea level are taken from a global oceanic product. Barotropic tidal fields from a global barotropic model are imposed along the open boundaries. The simulation reproduces well the upwelling process compared with observed data. The sensitivity of the simulation is examined to wind resolution, heat flux, and tidal forcing. The oceanic response to the different wind resolutions converges at the level of the 6 km resolution, which is the finest scale present in the terrain elevation data set used in the atmospheric downscaling. The combination of an analytical diurnal cycle in the solar radiation and the empirical coupling with the instantaneous ROMS sea surface temperature produces a similar oceanic response to the downscaled heat flux. Tidal effects are significant in the upwelling evolution due to the increase in wind energy input through a quasi-resonant alignment of the wind and surface current, probably by chance. C1 [Dong, Changming; McWilliams, James C.; Hall, Alex] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Hughes, Mimi] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [McWilliams, James C.; Hall, Alex] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Dong, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM cdong@atmos.ucla.edu RI Hughes, Mimi/C-3710-2009; Hall, Alex/D-8175-2014 OI Hughes, Mimi/0000-0002-4554-9289; FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-02-1-0236, N00014-05-10293]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX08AI84G]; NRC; NSF [ATM-0135136] FX C.D. and J.C.M. appreciate support from the Office of Naval Research (grants N00014-02-1-0236 and N00014-05-10293) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant NNX08AI84G). M.H. is supported by an NRC postdoctoral research associateship, and A.H. is supported by NSF ATM-0135136. We thank Xiaochun (Adam) Wang for help with the tidal evaluation. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 26 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C05018 DI 10.1029/2010JC006578 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 770RD UT WOS:000291105300003 ER PT J AU Pittman, SJ Brown, KA AF Pittman, Simon J. Brown, Kerry A. TI Multi-Scale Approach for Predicting Fish Species Distributions across Coral Reef Seascapes SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; REGION-WIDE DECLINES; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; HABITAT COMPLEXITY; COMMUNITIES; RICHNESS; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE AB Two of the major limitations to effective management of coral reef ecosystems are a lack of information on the spatial distribution of marine species and a paucity of data on the interacting environmental variables that drive distributional patterns. Advances in marine remote sensing, together with the novel integration of landscape ecology and advanced niche modelling techniques provide an unprecedented opportunity to reliably model and map marine species distributions across many kilometres of coral reef ecosystems. We developed a multi-scale approach using three-dimensional seafloor morphology and across-shelf location to predict spatial distributions for five common Caribbean fish species. Seascape topography was quantified from high resolution bathymetry at five spatial scales (5-300 m radii) surrounding fish survey sites. Model performance and map accuracy was assessed for two high performing machine-learning algorithms: Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) and Maximum Entropy Species Distribution Modelling (MaxEnt). The three most important predictors were geographical location across the shelf, followed by a measure of topographic complexity. Predictor contribution differed among species, yet rarely changed across spatial scales. BRT provided 'outstanding' model predictions (AUC = > 0.9) for three of five fish species. MaxEnt provided 'outstanding' model predictions for two of five species, with the remaining three models considered 'excellent' (AUC = 0.8-0.9). In contrast, MaxEnt spatial predictions were markedly more accurate (92% map accuracy) than BRT (68% map accuracy). We demonstrate that reliable spatial predictions for a range of key fish species can be achieved by modelling the interaction between the geographical location across the shelf and the topographic heterogeneity of seafloor structure. This multi-scale, analytic approach is an important new cost-effective tool to accurately delineate essential fish habitat and support conservation prioritization in marine protected area design, zoning in marine spatial planning, and ecosystem-based fisheries management. C1 [Pittman, Simon J.] NOAA, Biogeog Branch, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Pittman, Simon J.] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine Sci, St Thomas, VI USA. [Brown, Kerry A.] Kingston Univ London, Sch Geog Geol & Environm, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, England. RP Pittman, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, Biogeog Branch, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM simon.pittman@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX The field monitoring program was funded by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coral Reef Conservation Program (http://coralreef.noaa.gov/). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 8 U2 78 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 26 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 5 AR e20583 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0020583 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 769XS UT WOS:000291052200079 PM 21637787 ER PT J AU Baker, TA Monti, OLA Nesbitt, DJ AF Baker, Thomas A. Monti, Oliver L. A. Nesbitt, David J. TI Kinetic Studies of the Photogeneration of Silver Nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; LINKED PVA/PAA FILMS; METAL NANOPARTICLES; COLLOIDAL NANOPARTICLES; NANOSPHERE LITHOGRAPHY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PHASE-CHANGE; SERS; SHAPE AB Stable, intensely Raman active silver nanopartides are photogenerated by visible light from silver ions in a thin polymer film within a diffraction-limited focal area. The emission is resolved both spectrally and temporally to demonstrate that the source of the signal is surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from multiple silver nanoparticles generated in the diffraction-limited spot. The time evolution of the SERS signal is sigmoidal in shape and well described by Avrami phase transformation kinetics. The rate constant for the Avrami transformation depends linearly on illumination intensity, consistent with single photon photoreduction of the silver percholorate starting material as the limiting step to form silver nanoparticles. The asymptotic kinetic growth SERS signal exhibits a linear dependence on illumination intensity. Avrami analysis of the kinetics indicates that transformation is constrained to two dimensions, consistent with the similar to 10 nm thin film nature of the sample. The technique presented provides a novel route to large-scale periodic molecular sensor arrays with long-term stability, diffraction-limited resolution (<1 mu m), and laser-based spatial/temporal control of the formation kinetics. C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation; Department of Education FX Support for this work has been provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the National Science Foundation. TAB. gratefully acknowledges the Department of Education for a graduate fellowship through the Graduate Assistance in Areas of Nation Need (GAANN) program. We note that mention of commercial product names is for information only; it does not imply National Institute of Standards and Technology recommendation or endorsement, nor does it imply that products mentioned are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAY 26 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 20 BP 9861 EP 9870 DI 10.1021/jp200161j PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 764SF UT WOS:000290652200005 ER PT J AU Nikoobakht, B Bonevich, J Herzing, A AF Nikoobakht, Babak Bonevich, John Herzing, Andrew TI 1D n-p Heterojunctions of Zinc Oxide on Gallium Nitride: A Structural Characterization SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ZNO THIN-FILMS; GROWTH; NANOWIRES; NANOWALLS; GAN; ARRAYS; JUNCTIONS; EMISSION; STRAIN AB Recently, we showed lateral growth of ZnO nanowires and nanowalls on single crystal GaN and formation of bi- and tridirectional assembly of nanowires and nanowalls using a surface-directed vapor-liquid solid process (SVLS). Taking advantage of this growth technique, planar arrays of electrically addressable n-p heterojunctions were fabricated. Each n-p heterojunction is formed at the interface of a nanowire or nanowall with the underlying substrate. In the present work, we further investigated the coherency of the crystal structure of the heterojunctions both along their width and length using focused-ion beam microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). We explain the anisotropic growth of ZnO in multi directions using a SVLS mechanism, whereas conventional crystal growth techniques only anticipate an isotropic island formation of ZnO on GaN. During the SVLS process, a ZnO nanocrystal forms inside a Au nanodroplet, and elongates via a sequential ZnO island formation during which ZnO remains single crystal as evident by HRTEM analysis alongside nanowires and nanowalls. We also directly observe the trace of motion of a Au nanodroplet on the surface of a nanowire suggestive of a move and pause mode for a Au nanodroplet during the ZnO nanocrystal growth. The examined segments of the interface along the growth direction show abrupt heterojunctions with high coherency, a small number of misfit dislocations, and no evidence of threading dislocation in ZnO. We also observe residual strain stored in both sides of the heterojunctions as well as few stacking faults in the ZnO. The site- and orientation-selective growth, high structural quality and scalability of the formed heterojunctions can make this technique attractive in light generation and detection applications. C1 [Nikoobakht, Babak; Herzing, Andrew] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bonevich, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nikoobakht, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM babakn@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Nikoobakht, Babak/D-7562-2011; Herzing, Andrew/D-6239-2012 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAY 26 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 20 BP 9961 EP 9969 DI 10.1021/jp201595a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 764SF UT WOS:000290652200017 ER PT J AU Panteleev, G Yaremchuk, M Stabeno, PJ Luchin, V Nechaev, DA Kikuchi, T AF Panteleev, Gleb Yaremchuk, Max Stabeno, Phyllis J. Luchin, Vladimir Nechaev, Dmitri A. Kikuchi, Takashi TI Dynamic topography of the Bering Sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA; PACIFIC-OCEAN; NORTH PACIFIC; RECONSTRUCTION; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; INVERSE AB A new mean dynamic topography (MDT) for the Bering Sea is presented. The product is obtained by combining historical oceanographic and atmospheric observations with high-resolution model dynamics in the framework of a variational technique. Eighty percent of the ocean data underlying the MDT were obtained during the last 25 years and include hydrographic profiles, surface drifter trajectories, and in situ velocity observations that were combined with National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) atmospheric climatology. The new MDT quantifies surface geostrophic circulation in the Bering Sea with a formal accuracy of 2-4 cm/s. The corresponding sea surface height (SSH) errors are estimated by inverting the Hessian matrix in the subspace spanned by the leading modes of SSH variability observed from satellites. Comparison with similar products based on in situ observations, satellite gravity, and altimetry shows that the new MDT is in better agreement with independent velocity observations by Argo drifters and moorings. Assimilation of the satellite altimetry data referenced to the new MDT allows better reconstruction of regional circulations in the Bering Sea. Comparisons also indicate that MDT estimates derived from the latest Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment geoid model have more in common with the presented sea surface topography than with the MDTs based on earlier versions of the geoid. The presented MDT will increase the accuracy of calculations of the satellite altimeter absolute heights and geostrophic surface currents and may also contribute to improving the precision in estimating the geoid in the Bering Sea. C1 [Panteleev, Gleb] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Yaremchuk, Max] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Luchin, Vladimir] Russian Acad Sci, Far Eastern Branch, Vladivostok 690950, Russia. [Nechaev, Dmitri A.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Kikuchi, Takashi] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. RP Panteleev, G (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Res Ctr, 930 Koyukuk Dr,POB 757340, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM gleb@iarc.uaf.edu FU North Pacific Research Board [828]; NSF [ARC-0632154]; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Japan; International Arctic Research Center; Office of Naval Research [0602435N] FX Panteleev and Nechaev were supported by the North Pacific Research Board 828 and the NSF ARC-0632154 awards. Panteleev was also partially funded by Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Japan, and by the International Arctic Research Center. This study was also supported by the Office of Naval Research (program element 0602435N). The authors are grateful to Tom Weingartner and Seth Danielson for providing drifter data of the Kuskokwin 2008 experiment. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 25 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C05017 DI 10.1029/2010JC006354 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 770RB UT WOS:000291105100001 ER PT J AU Gordon, JA Holloway, CL Booth, J Kim, S Wang, Y Baker-Jarvis, J Novotny, DR AF Gordon, Joshua A. Holloway, Christopher L. Booth, James Kim, Sung Wang, Yu Baker-Jarvis, James Novotny, David R. TI Fluid interactions with metafilms/metasurfaces for tuning, sensing, and microwave-assisted chemical processes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY-SELECTIVE SURFACE; DRUG DISCOVERY; IMPACT AB In this paper we demonstrate tunability of a metasurface, which is the two-dimensional equivalent of a metamaterial, also referred to as a metafilm, by changing the permittivity in a continuous flow channel that interacts with the metasurface. Numerical simulations and experimental results are presented for a metasurface consisting of metallic electric-field coupled resonators operating in S band near 3.6 GHz. The localization and enhancement of the electric field in the metasurface that interacts with the fluid channels is explored as a means for implementing and aiding microwave assisted chemical processes. Applications of such continuous flow tunable metasurfaces are discussed. C1 [Gordon, Joshua A.; Holloway, Christopher L.; Booth, James; Kim, Sung; Wang, Yu; Baker-Jarvis, James; Novotny, David R.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gordon, JA (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Yang, seungho/D-1589-2011 NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 25 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 20 AR 205130 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.205130 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 768OF UT WOS:000290943800005 ER PT J AU Chuang, ACP Liu, Y Udovic, TJ Liaw, PK Yu, GP Huang, JH AF Chuang, Andrew Chih-Pin Liu, Yun Udovic, Terrence J. Liaw, Peter K. Yu, Ge-Ping Huang, Jia-Hong TI Inelastic neutron scattering study of the hydrogenated (Zr55Cu30Ni5Al10)(99)Y-1 bulk metallic glass SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH HYDRIDES; ZIRCONIUM HYDRIDE; AMORPHOUS METALS; SITE OCCUPATION; ALPHA-PHASE; BETA-PHASE; ALLOYS; VIBRATIONS; ZRH; SPECTROSCOPY AB The lattice dynamics of both as-charged and room-temperature-aged, hydrogenated bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) with the stoichiometry of (Zr55Cu30Ni5Al10)(99)Y-1 have been investigated by inelastic neutron scattering at 4 K. The vibrational density of states of dissolved hydrogen atoms in the as-charged BMG shows a broad band maximized at similar to 135 meV. Three months of room-temperature aging caused this band to narrow somewhat, losing intensity at both lower and higher energies. The results suggest that hydrogen atoms preferably occupy the interstitial tetrahedral-like t sites comprised of four Zr atoms, with a local atomic arrangement similar to that of delta-zirconium hydride. At higher hydrogen loadings, hydrogen atoms can also occupy octahedral-like and/or more Zr-deficient tetrahedral-like o sites. The spectral differences between the as-charged and aged specimens and accompanying Vickers hardness measurements suggested that around two-thirds of the hydrogen atoms in the as-charged specimen were trapped in the strongly binding t sites and relatively immobile at room temperature, while the remaining one-third occupied the more weakly binding o-sites and disappeared from the specimen upon aging. These latter sites most likely play a crucial role in the diffusion of hydrogen in BMGs at room temperature. C1 [Chuang, Andrew Chih-Pin; Yu, Ge-Ping; Huang, Jia-Hong] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Engn & Syst Sci, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. [Chuang, Andrew Chih-Pin; Liaw, Peter K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Liu, Yun; Udovic, Terrence J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Chuang, ACP (reprint author), Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Engn & Syst Sci, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153 FU National Tsing-Hua University at Hsin-Chu, Taiwan; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-0231320, DMR-0421219, DMR-0909037, CMMI-0900271] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the National Tsing-Hua University at Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, and the National Science Foundation (NSF), Program (Grants No. DMR-0231320, No. DMR-0421219, No. DMR-0909037, and No. CMMI-0900271). J. J. Rush of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is also appreciated for his useful advice and discussions. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 25 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 17 AR 174206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.174206 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 768NH UT WOS:000290941200001 ER PT J AU Guan, L Zou, X Weng, F Li, G AF Guan, L. Zou, X. Weng, F. Li, G. TI Assessments of FY-3A Microwave Humidity Sounder measurements using NOAA-18 Microwave Humidity Sounder SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AMSU-A; LAND; ASSIMILATION; EMISSIVITY; RADIOMETER AB The measurements from FY-3 MicroWave Humidity Sounder (MWHS) are compared with the data from NOAA-18 Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) under various atmospheric and surface conditions. A quality control (QC) procedure is applied to allow the comparison be conducted separately for outliers and nonoutliers. The QC algorithm includes a gross error check, instrument noise spikes through noise equivalent differential temperature, and an O-B biweighting check, where O represents satellite observations and B is model-simulated brightness temperature by Radiative Transfer for TIROS-N Operational Vertical Sounder based on the 6 h forecast fields of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS). It is found that (1) the global bias and standard deviation of O-B from MWHS brightness temperatures are comparable in magnitudes to those of MHS measurements, (2) positive O-B outliers prevail in channel 3 for both MWHS and MHS instruments, and (3) biases of channels 4 and 5 are predominantly negative over land for both MWHS and MHS. A series of sensitivity experiments are carried out to demonstrate that the large positive O-B biases could be due to the errors in the atmospheric water vapor profiles from the model forecast fields being too wet, and that the negative biases over land arise mostly from errors in surface emissivity, but smooth model terrain also contributes to negative biases over land. C1 [Guan, L.; Zou, X.; Li, G.] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Ctr Data Assimilat Res & Applicat, Nanjing 210044, Peoples R China. [Zou, X.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Weng, F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Guan, L (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Ctr Data Assimilat Res & Applicat, Nanjing 210044, Peoples R China. EM xzou@fsu.edu RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB951600]; Chinese Ministry of Finance [GYHY200906006] FX This work was jointly supported by Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology under 973 project "Assessment, Assimilation, Recompilation and Applications of Fundamental and Thematic Climate Data Records" (2010CB951600) and Chinese Ministry of Finance under the project "Advanced Research and Operational Applications of FY-3A Data Assimilation" (GYHY200906006). We thank Kevin Garrett for proofreading the manuscript during the revision stage. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 24 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D10106 DI 10.1029/2010JD015412 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 770PW UT WOS:000291102000007 ER PT J AU Wu, SJ Brown, RC Phillips, WD Porto, JV AF Wu, Saijun Brown, Roger C. Phillips, William D. Porto, J. V. TI Pulsed Sisyphus Scheme for Laser Cooling of Atomic (Anti)Hydrogen SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-ATOMS; WAVE; ANTIHYDROGEN; GENERATION; H(2S); STATE AB We propose a laser cooling technique in which atoms are selectively excited to a dressed metastable state whose light shift and decay rate are spatially correlated for Sisyphus cooling. The case of cooling magnetically trapped (anti) hydrogen with the 1S-2S-3P transitions by using pulsed ultraviolet and continuous-wave visible lasers is numerically simulated. We find a number of appealing features including rapid three-dimensional cooling from similar to 1 K to recoil-limited, millikelvin temperatures, as well as suppressed spin-flip loss and manageable photoionization loss. C1 [Wu, Saijun] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, SJ (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Brown, Roger/A-9630-2009 OI Brown, Roger/0000-0002-8228-4283 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 24 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 21 AR 213001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.213001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 767YE UT WOS:000290895300005 PM 21699293 ER PT J AU Hart, LB Rotstein, DS Wells, RS Bassos-Hull, K Schwacke, LH AF Hart, Leslie Burdett Rotstein, Dave S. Wells, Randall S. Bassos-Hull, Kim Schwacke, Lori H. TI Lacaziosis and lacaziosis-like prevalence among wild, common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus from the west coast of Florida, USA SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Lacaziosis; Lobomycosis; Bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; Sarasota Bay; Charlotte Harbor ID INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; GULF-OF-MEXICO; LOBOS DISEASE; SARASOTA BAY; ATLANTIC; LOBOMYCOSIS; SKIN; CAROLINA; ESTUARY; HEALTH AB Lacaziosis (lobomycosis; Lacazia loboi) is a fungal skin disease that naturally occurs only in humans and dolphins. The first reported case of lacaziosis in a bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus occurred in 1970 in Sarasota Bay, Florida, USA, and subsequent photo-ID monitoring of the Sarasota Bay dolphin population has revealed persistence of the disease. The objectives of this study were to estimate lacaziosis prevalence (P) in 2 bottlenose dolphin populations on the west coast of Florida (Sarasota Bay and Charlotte Harbor) and compare disease occurrence to other published estimates of lacaziosis in dolphin populations across the globe. Historic photographic records of dolphins captured and released for health assessment purposes (Sarasota Bay) and photo-ID studies (Charlotte Harbor) were screened for evidence of lesions consistent with lacaziosis. Health assessment data revealed a prevalence of lacaziosis in the Sarasota Bay bottlenose dolphin population between 2 and 3%, and analyses of photo-ID data provided a lacaziosis-like prevalence estimate of 2% for Charlotte Harbor dolphins. With the exception of lacaziosis prevalence estimates for dolphins inhabiting the Indian River Lagoon (P = 0.068; P = 0.12), no statistically significant differences were seen among Sarasota Bay, Charlotte Harbor, and other published estimates. Although lacaziosis is a rare disease among these dolphin populations, studies that assess disease burden among different populations can assist with the surveillance of this zoonotic pathogen. C1 [Hart, Leslie Burdett; Schwacke, Lori H.] Med Univ S Carolina, Div Biostat & Epidemiol, Dept Med, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Rotstein, Dave S.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Smithsonian Museum Support Ctr, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Wells, Randall S.; Bassos-Hull, Kim] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Schwacke, Lori H.] NOAA NCCOS Ctr Human Hlth Risk, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Hart, LB (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Div Biostat & Epidemiol, Dept Med, 135 Cannon St,Suite 303, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM leslie.burdett@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health at the Hollings Marine Laboratory FX The authors thank the staff (especially J. Allen), volunteers, and interns of the Chicago Zoological Society's Sarasota Dolphin Research Program for their assistance in photograph acquisition and knowledge of population demographics. We also thank S. Fire, S. Lane, and W. McFee for reviewing this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by NOAA's Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health at the Hollings Marine Laboratory. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD MAY 24 PY 2011 VL 95 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.3354/dao02345 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 768SE UT WOS:000290957500006 ER PT J AU Byron, C Link, J Costa-Pierce, B Bengtson, D AF Byron, Carrie Link, Jason Costa-Pierce, Barry Bengtson, David TI Calculating ecological carrying capacity of shellfish aquaculture using mass-balance modeling: Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Carrying capacity; Aquaculture; Shellfish; Modeling; Ecopath; Narragansett Bay ID SUSPENSION-FEEDING BIVALVES; COASTAL LAGOON ECOSYSTEM; FOOD-WEB; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; MNEMIOPSIS-LEIDYI; CHANGING CLIMATE; TROPHIC NETWORK; EASTERN CHANNEL; ATLANTIC COAST; NORTHERN GULF AB Increasing growth in the aquaculture industry demands ecosystem-based techniques for management if that growth is to be ecologically sustainable and promote equity among users of the ecosystems in which it occurs. Models of carrying capacity can be used to responsibly limit the growth of aquaculture in increasingly crowded coastal areas. Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA is one such crowded coastal region experiencing a rapid increase in bivalve aquaculture. An ecosystem mass-balance model was used to calculate the ecological carrying capacity of bivalve aquaculture. Cultured oyster biomass is currently at 0.47 t km(-2) and could be increased 625 times without exceeding the ecological carrying capacity of 297 t km(-2). This translates to approximately 38,950 t of harvested cultured oysters annually which is 4 times the total estimated annual harvest of finfish. This potential for growth is due to the high primary productivity and large energy throughput to detritus of this ecosystem. Shellfish aquaculture has potential for continued growth and is unlikely to become food limited due, in part, to the large detritus pool. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Byron, Carrie; Costa-Pierce, Barry; Bengtson, David] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries Anim & Vet Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Byron, Carrie] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME 04101 USA. [Link, Jason] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Costa-Pierce, Barry] Univ Rhode Isl, Rhode Isl Sea Grant Coll Program, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Byron, C (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries Anim & Vet Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM carriebyron@my.uri.edu; jason.link@noaa.gov; bcp@gso.uri.edu; bengtson@uri.edu RI Byron, Carrie/B-6606-2014 OI Byron, Carrie/0000-0003-3820-7392 FU NOAA [NA08OAR4170838]; NSF [DGE-0504103]; John Wald Science Grant FX Robert Rheault, David Beutel and David Alves provided valuable assistance. This work was possible through the cooperation and support of all the agencies and labs that shared the data that were used to parameterize this model. This work was funded by the NOAA National Marine Aquaculture Initiative grant #NA08OAR4170838, NSF IGERT grant #DGE-0504103, and a John Wald Science Grant. NR 107 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAY 24 PY 2011 VL 222 IS 10 BP 1743 EP 1755 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.03.010 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 768GA UT WOS:000290920500008 ER PT J AU Cho, TJ Zangmeister, RA MacCuspie, RI Patri, AK Hackley, VA AF Cho, Tae Joon Zangmeister, Rebecca A. MacCuspie, Robert I. Patri, Anil K. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Newkome-Type Dendron-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Stability SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE gold nanoparticle; dendrimer; dendron; conjugate; characterization; stability ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; ANISOTROPIC METAL NANOPARTICLES; AU NANOPARTICLES; COLLOIDAL GOLD; POLY(AMIDOAMINE) DENDRIMER; FUNCTIONALIZED DENDRONS; CONTROLLED NUCLEATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CORED DENDRIMERS; MICELLES SERIES AB We report the synthesis and evaluation of four Newkome-type dendrons, G1-COOH, G2-COOH, SH-G1-COOH, and TA-G1-COOH, and their respective gold dendron conjugates, where GX represents the generation number. Gl- and G2-COOH are two-directional symmetric dendrons that have cystamine cores containing a disulfide group. SH-G1-COOH was prepared by treatment of G1-COOH with dithioerythritol to yield a free thiol group to replace the disulfide linkage. TA-G1-COOH has a thioctic acid moiety, which is a five-membered ring containing a disulfide group that cleaves to produce two anchoring thiols to bond with the gold surface. All dendrons have peripheral carboxylate groups to afford hydrophilicity and functionality. Gold nanoparticle conjugates were prepared by reaction of each dendron solution with a suspension of gold colloid (nominally 10 nm diameter) and purified by stirred cell ultrafiltration. Chemical structures were confirmed by H-1 and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Particle size and surface plasmon resonance of the conjugates were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and UV-vis spectroscopy, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was utilized to confirm covalent bonding between the thiols on the dendron and the gold surface. XPS also revealed changes in the S/Au intensity ratio as a function of the dendron chemical structure, suggesting steric effects play a role in the reaction and/or conformation of dendrons on the gold surface. The colloidal and chemical stability of the conjugates as a function of temperature, pH, and suspending medium, and with respect to chemical resistance toward KCN, was investigated using DLS and UV-vis absorption. C1 [Cho, Tae Joon; Zangmeister, Rebecca A.; MacCuspie, Robert I.; Hackley, Vincent A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Patri, Anil K.] NCI, SAIC Frederick Inc, Adv Technol Program, Nanotechnol Characterizat Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vince.hackley@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, NCL/K-8454-2012; Zangmeister, Rebecca/D-6641-2017; OI Zangmeister, Rebecca/0000-0002-0540-6240; MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499; Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 FU National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health [HHSN261200800001E] FX The authors thank Dr. John T. Simpson and Mr. Sonny Man of the Protein Chemistry Laboratory and the Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, respectively, for help in performing MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer measurements used in this study. Their laboratories operate under the Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., for the National Cancer Institute at Frederick. This project has been funded in part by the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under Contract HHSN261200800001E. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services. NR 97 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 52 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAY 24 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 10 BP 2665 EP 2676 DI 10.1021/cm200591h PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 763YD UT WOS:000290594700023 PM 21686078 ER PT J AU Rakher, MT Srinivasan, K AF Rakher, Matthew T. Srinivasan, Kartik TI Subnanosecond electro-optic modulation of triggered single photons from a quantum dot SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; CAVITY AB Control of single photon wave-packets is an important resource for developing hybrid quantum systems which are composed of different physical systems interacting via photons. Here, we extend this control to triggered photons emitted by a quantum dot, temporally shaping single photon wave-packets on timescales fast compared to their radiative decay by electro-optic modulation. In particular, telecommunications-band single photons resulting from the recombination of an exciton in a quantum dot with exponentially decaying wave-packets are synchronously modulated to create Gaussian-shaped single photon wave-packets. We explore other pulse shapes and investigate the feasibility of this technique for increasing the indistinguishability of quantum dot generated single photons. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3593007] C1 [Rakher, Matthew T.; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rakher, MT (reprint author), Univ Basel, Dept Phys, Klingelbergstr 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. EM matthew.rakher@gmail.com RI Rakher, Matthew/C-2287-2011 OI Rakher, Matthew/0000-0002-4490-4197 NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 23 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 21 AR 211103 DI 10.1063/1.3593007 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 769TQ UT WOS:000291041600003 ER PT J AU Kaschner, K Tittensor, DP Ready, J Gerrodette, T Worm, B AF Kaschner, Kristin Tittensor, Derek P. Ready, Jonathan Gerrodette, Tim Worm, Boris TI Current and Future Patterns of Global Marine Mammal Biodiversity SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; ANTARCTIC SEA-ICE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HABITAT SELECTION; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; CETACEAN HABITATS; BALEEN WHALES; OCEAN; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEM AB Quantifying the spatial distribution of taxa is an important prerequisite for the preservation of biodiversity, and can provide a baseline against which to measure the impacts of climate change. Here we analyse patterns of marine mammal species richness based on predictions of global distributional ranges for 115 species, including all extant pinnipeds and cetaceans. We used an environmental suitability model specifically designed to address the paucity of distributional data for many marine mammal species. We generated richness patterns by overlaying predicted distributions for all species; these were then validated against sightings data from dedicated long-term surveys in the Eastern Tropical Pacific, the Northeast Atlantic and the Southern Ocean. Model outputs correlated well with empirically observed patterns of biodiversity in all three survey regions. Marine mammal richness was predicted to be highest in temperate waters of both hemispheres with distinct hotspots around New Zealand, Japan, Baja California, the Galapagos Islands, the Southeast Pacific, and the Southern Ocean. We then applied our model to explore potential changes in biodiversity under future perturbations of environmental conditions. Forward projections of biodiversity using an intermediate Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) temperature scenario predicted that projected ocean warming and changes in sea ice cover until 2050 may have moderate effects on the spatial patterns of marine mammal richness. Increases in cetacean richness were predicted above 40 degrees latitude in both hemispheres, while decreases in both pinniped and cetacean richness were expected at lower latitudes. Our results show how species distribution models can be applied to explore broad patterns of marine biodiversity worldwide for taxa for which limited distributional data are available. C1 [Kaschner, Kristin] Univ Freiburg, Inst Zool, Evolutionary Biol & Ecol Lab, Freiburg, Germany. [Tittensor, Derek P.; Worm, Boris] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Ready, Jonathan] Fed Univ Para, Inst Estuarine & Coastal Studies, Braganca, Para, Brazil. [Gerrodette, Tim] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Kaschner, K (reprint author), Univ Freiburg, Inst Zool, Evolutionary Biol & Ecol Lab, Freiburg, Germany. EM Kristin.Kaschner@biologie.uni-freiburg.de RI Ready, Jonathan/J-2964-2012 OI Ready, Jonathan/0000-0002-9374-8661 FU Sloan Foundation; Future Oceans Cluster Project [D 1067/88]; IFM-Geomar Kiel FX This research was supported by the Sloan Foundation (Census of Marine Life, Future of Marine Animal Populations Project). Partial funding for the main author was provided through the Future Oceans Cluster Project D 1067/88 "Winners and Losers in the Future Oceans'' project, IFM-Geomar Kiel. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 76 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 10 U2 140 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 23 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 5 AR e19653 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0019653 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 769ID UT WOS:000291005200008 PM 21625431 ER PT J AU Leibrandt, DR Thorpe, MJ Bergquist, JC Rosenband, T AF Leibrandt, David R. Thorpe, Michael J. Bergquist, James C. Rosenband, Till TI Field-test of a robust, portable, frequency-stable laser SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL CLOCKS; PHASE NOISE; CANCELLATION; CAVITY; FIBER AB We operate a frequency-stable laser in a non-laboratory environment where the test platform is a passenger vehicle. We measure the acceleration experienced by the laser and actively correct for it to achieve a system acceleration sensitivity of Delta f/f = 11(2) x 10(-12)/g, 6(2) x 10(-12)/g, and 4(1) x 10(-12)/g for accelerations in three orthogonal directions at 1 Hz. The acceleration spectrum and laser performance are evaluated with the vehicle both stationary and moving. The laser linewidth in the stationary vehicle with engine idling is 1.7(1) Hz. C1 [Leibrandt, David R.; Thorpe, Michael J.; Bergquist, James C.; Rosenband, Till] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Leibrandt, DR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.leibrandt@nist.gov OI Bergquist, Jonas/0000-0002-4597-041X FU ONR; AFOSR; DARPA; National Research Council FX We acknowledge contributions to the construction of the cavity from R. E. Drullinger, M. Notcutt, and G. Hua. We thank W. Swann and D. Howe for critical readings of this manuscript. This work is supported by ONR, AFOSR, and DARPA. D. R. Leibrandt and M. J. Thorpe acknowledge support from the National Research Council. This work is not subject to U. S. copyright. NR 26 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 23 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 11 BP 10278 EP 10286 DI 10.1364/OE.19.010278 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 767JN UT WOS:000290852800025 PM 21643285 ER PT J AU Biercuk, MJ Uys, H Britton, JW VanDevender, AP Bollinger, JJ AF Biercuk, M. J. Uys, H. Britton, J. W. VanDevender, A. P. Bollinger, J. J. TI Phase-coherent detection of an optical dipole force by Doppler velocimetry SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLIZED ION PLASMAS; TRAPPED ATOMIC IONS; PENNING TRAP; QUANTUM SIMULATION; ENTANGLEMENT; GATE; ROTATION; LOGIC AB We report phase-coherent Doppler detection of optical dipole forces using large ion crystals in a Penning trap. The technique is based on laser Doppler velocimetry using a cycling transition in Be-9(+) near 313 nm and the center-of-mass (COM) ion motional mode. The optical dipole force is tuned to excite the COM mode, and measurements of photon arrival times synchronized with the excitation potential show oscillations with a period commensurate with the COM motional frequency. Experimental results compare well with a quantitative model for a driven harmonic oscillator. This technique permits characterization of motional modes in ion crystals; the measurement of both frequency and phase information relative to the driving force is a key enabling capability - comparable to lockin detection - providing access to a parameter that is typically not available in time-averaged measurements. This additional information facilitates discrimination of nearly degenerate motional modes. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Biercuk, M. J.; Uys, H.; Britton, J. W.; VanDevender, A. P.; Bollinger, J. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ion Storage Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Biercuk, M. J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Uys, H.] CSIR, Natl Laser Ctr, Pretoria, South Africa. RP Biercuk, MJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ion Storage Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM michael.biercuk@sydney.edu.au RI Biercuk, Michael/B-4768-2010; OI Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347 FU DARPA; IARPA; GTRI FX This manuscript is a contribution of NIST, a US government agency, and is not subject to copyright. This work was supported by the DARPA OLE program and by IARPA. MJB acknowledges partial fellowship support from IARPA and GTRI. The authors wish to thank C. Ospelkaus for technical assistance, James Chou and Brian Sawyer for comments on the manuscript, and T. Rosenband for valuable discussions. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 23 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 11 BP 10304 EP 10316 DI 10.1364/OE.19.010304 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 767JN UT WOS:000290852800028 PM 21643288 ER PT J AU Ma, LJ Rakher, MT Stevens, MJ Slattery, O Srinivasan, K Tang, X AF Ma, Lijun Rakher, Matthew T. Stevens, Martin J. Slattery, Oliver Srinivasan, Kartik Tang, Xiao TI Temporal correlation of photons following frequency up-conversion SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-ORDER; SEMICONDUCTOR MICROCAVITY; INFRARED SPECTROMETER; WAVELENGTH; SCATTERING; DETECTORS; COHERENCE; LASER AB We demonstrate an approach to measure temporal correlations of photons in the near infrared range using frequency up-conversion. In this approach, the near infrared signal photons are converted into the visible range, in which highly efficient silicon avalanche photodiodes are used to perform the temporal correlation measurements. A coherent light source and a pseudo-thermal light source were used in the experiment. The results are in agreement with theoretical values and those obtained from measurements directly made using superconducting nanowire single photon detectors. We conclude that the temporal correlation (up to 4th order) of photons was preserved in the frequency up-conversion process. We further theoretically and experimentally studied the influence of the dark counts on the measurement. The setup uses commercially available components and achieves high total detection efficiency (similar to 26%). (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Ma, Lijun; Slattery, Oliver; Tang, Xiao] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rakher, Matthew T.; Srinivasan, Kartik] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stevens, Martin J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ma, LJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xiao.tang@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Rakher, Matthew/C-2287-2011 OI Rakher, Matthew/0000-0002-4490-4197 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) quantum information initiative FX The authors thank B Baek, NIST, for high order correlation calculation programs. The authors thank OptoElectronic Components and PicoQuant for lending the four-channel time-correlated single photon counting system. This work is supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) quantum information initiative. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 23 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 11 BP 10501 EP 10510 DI 10.1364/OE.19.010501 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 767JN UT WOS:000290852800045 PM 21643305 ER PT J AU Ramazanoglu, M Ratcliff, W Choi, YJ Lee, S Cheong, SW Kiryukhin, V AF Ramazanoglu, M. Ratcliff, W., II Choi, Y. J. Lee, Seongsu Cheong, S. -W. Kiryukhin, V. TI Temperature-dependent properties of the magnetic order in single-crystal BiFeO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELD CONTROL; MULTIFERROIC BIFEO3; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; BISMUTH FERRITE; SPECTRUM AB We report neutron diffraction and magnetization studies of the magnetic order in multiferroic BiFeO3. In ferroelectric monodomain single crystals, there are three magnetic cycloidal domains with propagation vectors equivalent by crystallographic symmetry. The cycloid period slowly grows with increasing temperature. The magnetic domain populations do not change with temperature except in the close vicinity of the Neel temperature, at which, in addition, a small jump in magnetization is observed. No evidence for the spin-reorientation transitions proposed in previous Raman and dielectric studies is found. The magnetic cycloid is slightly anharmonic for T = 5 K. The anharmonicity is much smaller than previously reported in nuclear magnetic resonance studies. At room temperature, a circular cycloid is observed, within errors. We argue that the observed anharmonicity provides important clues for understanding electromagnons in BiFeO3. C1 [Ramazanoglu, M.; Choi, Y. J.; Cheong, S. -W.; Kiryukhin, V.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Ratcliff, W., II] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Seongsu] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Neutron Sci Div, Taejon 305353, South Korea. RP Ramazanoglu, M (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 849, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. FU NSF [DMR-1004568, DMR-0804109] FX This work was supported by the NSF under Grant Nos. DMR-1004568 and DMR-0804109. NR 35 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 43 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 23 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 17 AR 174434 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.174434 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 767NG UT WOS:000290862700002 ER PT J AU Wang, PJ Deng, L Hagley, EW Fu, ZK Chai, SJ Zhang, J AF Wang, Pengjun Deng, L. Hagley, E. W. Fu, Zhengkun Chai, Shijie Zhang, Jing TI Observation of Collective Atomic Recoil Motion in a Degenerate Fermion Gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERRADIANT RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE AB We demonstrate collective atomic recoil motion with a dilute, ultracold, degenerate fermion gas in a single spin state. By utilizing an adiabatically decompressed magnetic trap with an aspect ratio different from that of the initial trap, a momentum-squeezed fermion cloud is achieved. With a single pump pulse of the proper polarization, we observe, for the first time, multiple wave-mixing processes that result in distinct collective atomic recoil motion modes in a degenerate fermion cloud. Contrary to the case with Bose condensates, no pump-laser detuning asymmetry is present. C1 [Wang, Pengjun; Fu, Zhengkun; Chai, Shijie; Zhang, Jing] Shanxi Univ, State Key Lab Quantum Opt & Quantum Opt Devices, Inst Optoelect, Taiyuan 030006, Peoples R China. [Deng, L.; Hagley, E. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Deng, L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Cold Atom Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. [Deng, L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Inst Phys & Math, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Shanxi Univ, State Key Lab Quantum Opt & Quantum Opt Devices, Inst Optoelect, Taiyuan 030006, Peoples R China. EM jzhang74@yahoo.com RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Hagley, Edward/B-4285-2012 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [10725416, 60821004]; National Basic Research Program of China [2011CB921601] FX Jing Zhang wishes to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 10725416, 60821004) and the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2011CB921601) for financial support. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 23 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 21 AR 210401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.210401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 767MB UT WOS:000290859600001 PM 21699275 ER PT J AU Jacox, ME Thompson, WE AF Jacox, Marilyn E. Thompson, Warren E. TI The infrared spectra of BF3+ and BF2OH+ trapped in solid neon SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; AB-INITIO; MATRIX-ISOLATION; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; EXCITED-STATES; BANDS; MICROWAVE; BORON; IONS AB Observations on a Ne:BF3 = 400:1 mixture into which a trace of normal or isotopically enriched water had been introduced, codeposited at 4.3 K with a beam of neon atoms that had been excited in a microwave discharge, demonstrate that a pair of absorptions at 1662 cm(-1) and 1722 cm(-1) that were previously assigned to the two boron-isotopic species of BF3+ should be reassigned to a BF2 stretching fundamental of BF2OH+. The OH stretching fundamental of that product was identified for the first time at 3240 cm(-1). The degenerate BF3 stretching fundamental of (BF3+)-B-11 appears at an unusually high frequency, 1790 cm(-1), consistent with strong pseudo-Jahn-Teller interaction of that ground-state fundamental with the (B) over tilde E-2' electronic state, as predicted by theory. The recent availability of detailed ab initio and density functional calculations of the vibrational fundamentals of BF2- and BF3- facilitates assignment of the infrared absorptions of those two products. [doi: 10.1063/1.3587133] C1 [Jacox, Marilyn E.; Thompson, Warren E.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jacox, ME (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marilyn.jacox@nist.gov NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 21 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 19 AR 194306 DI 10.1063/1.3587133 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 770SX UT WOS:000291109900023 PM 21599058 ER PT J AU Nunes, JP Ferreira, JG Bricker, SB O'Loan, B Dabrowski, T Dallaghan, B Hawkins, AJS O'Connor, B O'Carroll, T AF Nunes, J. P. Ferreira, J. G. Bricker, S. B. O'Loan, B. Dabrowski, T. Dallaghan, B. Hawkins, A. J. S. O'Connor, B. O'Carroll, T. TI Towards an ecosystem approach to aquaculture: Assessment of sustainable shellfish cultivation at different scales of space, time and complexity SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem approach to aquaculture; Integrated models; EcoWin2000; FARM; ASSETS; Shellfish aquaculture ID MODELING APPROACH; KILLARY HARBOR; SUSPENDED CULTURE; CARRYING-CAPACITY; COASTAL SYSTEMS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; ADRIATIC SEA; FARM MODEL; MANAGEMENT; IRELAND AB The need for an ecosystem approach to aquaculture has led to the development of several aquaculture analysis tools in recent years, working at different scales of space (farm- to system-level), time (seasonal to annual and/or long-term analysis) and complexity (ease of use to complex process-based modelling). This work has tested the application of a range of complementary tools to the analysis of aquaculture practices and ecosystem impacts in Killary Harbour, Ireland. The selected tools included a system-scale, process based ecological model (EcoWin2000), a local-scale carrying capacity and environmental effects model (FARM) and a management-level eutrophication screening model (ASSETS). Both the system-scale and farm-scale models used ShellSIM to simulate individual shellfish growth. The tools were used to analyse the relationship between shellfish productivity and food sources, the impacts of changes to stocking densities of shellfish, and an overall assessment of the ecological status of Killary Harbour. EcoWin2000 was able to support a complex analysis, but required a significant amount of input data and effort for calibration and result analysis. FARM was able to provide similar (although less detailed) results at the shellfish farm scale with a smaller effort for parameterization and application, but was limited to testing scenarios with relatively moderate changes to present-day conditions. ASSETS provided simple, management-level results with a relatively low level of input data, although it is not appropriate for complex analysis. This paper illustrates the complementary nature of these tools, and how the unique capacities of each can be combined for integrated assessment of aquaculture in a coastal system. For Killary Harbour, the combined application of these tools revealed that: (i) the system's eutrophication status can be classified as Moderate Low, with a future trend of No Change; (ii) there is a large influence of ocean boundary conditions on shellfish food resources in the system; (iii) the maximum mussel production of the system is 4200 ton year(-1), but achieving this level would lead to lower harvest weights and longer growth cycles; and (iv) a scenario of lower stocking densities proposed for the system should lead to lower mussel productions, but could result in benefits such as higher mussel weight at harvest and/or shorter growth cycles. (C) 2011 Elsevier By. All rights reserved. C1 [Ferreira, J. G.] FCT UNL, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, CMA, P-2829516 Monte De Caparica, Portugal. [Nunes, J. P.] Univ Aveiro, CESAM, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. [Nunes, J. P.] Univ Aveiro, Dept Environm & Planning, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. [Bricker, S. B.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [O'Loan, B.] BIM, Irish Sea Fisheries Board, Wexford Enterprise Ctr, Off D, Wexford, Ireland. [Dabrowski, T.] Marcon Computat Int Ltd, NUIG Innovat Ctr 10, Galway, Ireland. [Dallaghan, B.; O'Carroll, T.] BIM, Irish Sea Fisheries Board, Dun Laoghaire, Ireland. [Hawkins, A. J. S.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL21 0TQ, Devon, England. [O'Connor, B.] AQUAFACT Int Serv Ltd, Galway, Ireland. RP Ferreira, JG (reprint author), FCT UNL, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, CMA, P-2829516 Monte De Caparica, Portugal. EM joao@hoomi.com RI Nunes, Joao Pedro/A-5497-2011; OI Nunes, Joao Pedro/0000-0002-0164-249X; Ferreira, Joao/0000-0001-9614-142X FU Irish National Development Plan (NDP); Bord Iascaigh Mhara (BIM) FX The authors are grateful to the Irish National Development Plan (NDP) 2008 and to Bord Iascaigh Mhara (BIM) for financial support of this work in the framework of project "UISCE: Understanding Irish Shellfish Culture Environments", as well as for their assistance in the project, and to other colleagues who were part of the project team and provided additional field data and experimental results. We would like to thank three anonymous reviewers who suggested a number of improvements to the first draft of this paper. NR 61 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAY 21 PY 2011 VL 315 IS 3-4 BP 369 EP 383 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.02.048 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 768JO UT WOS:000290930500028 ER PT J AU Lyapustin, A Smirnov, A Holben, B Chin, M Streets, DG Lu, Z Kahn, R Slutsker, I Laszlo, I Kondragunta, S Tanre, D Dubovik, O Goloub, P Chen, HB Sinyuk, A Wang, Y Korkin, S AF Lyapustin, A. Smirnov, A. Holben, B. Chin, M. Streets, D. G. Lu, Z. Kahn, R. Slutsker, I. Laszlo, I. Kondragunta, S. Tanre, D. Dubovik, O. Goloub, P. Chen, H. -B. Sinyuk, A. Wang, Y. Korkin, S. TI Reduction of aerosol absorption in Beijing since 2007 from MODIS and AERONET SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BLACK-CARBON; CHINA; PARTICLES; QUALITY AB An analysis of the time series of MODIS-based and AERONET aerosol records over Beijing reveals two distinct periods, before and after 2007. The MODIS data from both the Terra and Aqua satellites were processed with the new Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm. A comparison of MAIAC and AERONET AOT shows that whereas MAIAC consistently underestimated peak AOT values by 10-20% in the prior period, the bias mostly disappears after mid-2007. Independent analysis of the AERONET dataset reveals little or no change in the effective radii of the fine and coarse fractions and of the Angstrom exponent. At the same time, it shows an increasing trend in the single scattering albedo, by similar to 0.02 in 9 years. As MAIAC was using the same aerosol model for the entire 2000-2010 period, the decrease in AOT bias after 2007 can be explained only by a corresponding decrease of aerosol absorption caused by a reduction in local black carbon emissions. The observed changes correlate in time with the Chinese government's broad measures to improve air quality in Beijing during preparations for the Summer Olympics of 2008. Citation: Lyapustin, A., et al. (2011), Reduction of aerosol absorption in Beijing since 2007 from MODIS and AERONET, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L10803, doi:10.1029/2011GL047306. C1 [Lyapustin, A.; Wang, Y.; Korkin, S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, GEST, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Chen, H. -B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Tanre, D.; Dubovik, O.; Goloub, P.] Univ Lille 1, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Laszlo, I.; Kondragunta, S.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Streets, D. G.; Lu, Z.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Smirnov, A.; Slutsker, I.; Sinyuk, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sigma Space Corp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lyapustin, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, GEST, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM alexei.i.lyapustin@nasa.gov RI Smirnov, Alexander/C-2121-2009; Lu, Zifeng/F-3266-2012; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009; Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; Lyapustin, Alexei/H-9924-2014; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012 OI Smirnov, Alexander/0000-0002-8208-1304; Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460; Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; Lyapustin, Alexei/0000-0003-1105-5739; Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359 FU NASA; NOAA FX The research of A. Lyapustin, Y. Wang and S. Korkin was funded by the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program (D. Wickland), NASA Applications Program (L. Friedl, B. Doorn) and in part by the NOAA GOES-R program (M. Goldberg). The first author thanks S. Platnick for a helpful discussion on data analysis. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L10803 DI 10.1029/2011GL047306 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 767RA UT WOS:000290872500004 ER PT J AU Khodadadi, S Curtis, JE Sokolov, AP AF Khodadadi, S. Curtis, J. E. Sokolov, A. P. TI Nanosecond Relaxation Dynamics of Hydrated Proteins: Water versus Protein Contributions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID METHYL-GROUP DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; GLASS-TRANSITION; SIDE-CHAIN; LYSOZYME; SOLVENT; SIMULATIONS; PLASTOCYANIN AB We have studied picosecond to nanosecond dynamics of hydrated protein powders using dielectric spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our analysis of hydrogen-atom single particle dynamics from MD simulations focused on "main" (tau(main) approximate to tens of picoseconds) and "slow" (tau(slow) approximate to nanosecond) relaxation processes that were observed in dielectric spectra of similar hydrated protein samples. Traditionally, the interpretation of these processes observed in dielectric spectra has been ascribed to the relaxation behavior of hydration water tightly bounded to a protein and not to protein atoms. Detailed analysis of the MD simulations and comparison to dielectric data indicate that the observed relaxation process in the nanosecond time range of hydrated protein spectra is mainly due to protein atoms. The relaxation processes involve the entire structure of protein including atoms in the protein backbone, side chains, and turns. Both surface and buried protein atoms contribute to the slow processes; however, surface atoms demonstrate slightly faster relaxation dynamics. Analysis of the water molecule residence and dipolar relaxation correlation behavior indicates that the hydration water relaxes at much shorter time scales. C1 [Khodadadi, S.; Curtis, J. E.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sokolov, A. P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sokolov, A. P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Khodadadi, S (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sheila.khodadadi@nist.gov FU NSF [DMR-1059562]; National Research Council FX We acknowledge the partial financial support from NSF (DMR-1059562). S.K. acknowledges the National Research Council for support. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, materials, suppliers, or software are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 44 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 19 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 19 BP 6222 EP 6226 DI 10.1021/jp1122213 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 761US UT WOS:000290427100056 PM 21513284 ER PT J AU Zhang, BA Perrie, W Li, XF Pichel, WG AF Zhang, Biao Perrie, William Li, Xiaofeng Pichel, William G. TI Mapping sea surface oil slicks using RADARSAT-2 quad-polarization SAR image SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLARIMETRIC SAR; SPILL DETECTION; CLASSIFICATION; SCATTERING; ALGORITHM; FEATURES AB Polarimetric SAR decomposition parameters, average alpha angle ((alpha) over bar) and entropy (H) are estimated for oil-slick contaminated sea surfaces and slick-free conditions using a RADARSAT-2 quad-polarization SAR image. The values of H and (alpha) over bar within oil slick areas are significantly higher than those of the ambient sea surface, indicating the dominance of Bragg scattering for the slick-free ocean and non-Bragg scattering for the oil-slick area. In land classification, the conformity coefficient (mu) is often used to discriminate surface scattering with double-bounce or volume scattering. Based on this rationale, we also develop a method using mu as a logical scalar descriptor to map oil slicks under low-to-moderate wind conditions. The proposed method is assessed using a RADARSAT-2 quad-polarization SAR image of oil slicks in the Gulf of Mexico. Analysis shows that when mu is positive the sea surface is slick-free, whereas mu is negative for oil-slick areas. This method provides a simple and effective mapping technique for oil slick detection. Citation: Zhang, B., W. Perrie, X. Li, and W. G. Pichel (2011), Mapping sea surface oil slicks using RADARSAT-2 quad-polarization SAR image, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L10602, doi:10.1029/2011GL047013. C1 [Zhang, Biao; Perrie, William] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, IMSG, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Pichel, William G.] NOAA, STAR, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Zhang, BA (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, 1 Challenger Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. EM zhangb@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; william.perrie@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; xiafeng.li@noaa.gov; william.g.pichel@noaa.gov RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU CSA Government Research Initiative; NOAA FX RADARSAT-2 SAR data are from the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). Buoy data is from NOAA/NDBC. This work is supported by CSA Government Research Initiative Program and NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing Program. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 21 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 18 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L10602 DI 10.1029/2011GL047013 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 767QV UT WOS:000290872000001 ER PT J AU Forster, PM Fomichev, VI Rozanov, E Cagnazzo, C Jonsson, AI Langematz, U Fomin, B Iacono, MJ Mayer, B Mlawer, E Myhre, G Portmann, RW Akiyoshi, H Falaleeva, V Gillett, N Karpechko, A Li, JN Lemennais, P Morgenstern, O Oberlander, S Sigmond, M Shibata, K AF Forster, Piers M. Fomichev, Victor I. Rozanov, Eugene Cagnazzo, Chiara Jonsson, Andreas I. Langematz, Ulrike Fomin, Boris Iacono, Michael J. Mayer, Bernhard Mlawer, Eli Myhre, Gunnar Portmann, Robert W. Akiyoshi, Hideharu Falaleeva, Victoria Gillett, Nathan Karpechko, Alexey Li, Jiangnan Lemennais, Perrine Morgenstern, Olaf Oberlaender, Sophie Sigmond, Michael Shibata, Kiyotaka TI Evaluation of radiation scheme performance within chemistry climate models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; BY-LINE CALCULATIONS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; SOLAR-RADIATION; IMPACT; CODES; OZONE; PARAMETERIZATION; AEROSOLS AB This paper evaluates global mean radiatively important properties of chemistry climate models (CCMs). We evaluate stratospheric temperatures and their 1980-2000 trends, January clear sky irradiances, heating rates, and greenhouse gas radiative forcings from an offline comparison of CCM radiation codes with line-by-line models, and CCMs' representation of the solar cycle. CCM global mean temperatures and their change can give an indication of errors in radiative transfer codes and/or atmospheric composition. Biases in the global temperature climatology are generally small, although five out of 18 CCMs show biases in their climatology that likely indicate problems with their radiative transfer codes. Temperature trends also generally agree well with observations, although one model shows significant discrepancies that appear to be due to radiation errors. Heating rates and estimated temperature changes from CO2, ozone, and water vapor changes are generally well modeled. Other gases (N2O, CH4, and CFCs) have only played a minor role in stratospheric temperature change, but their heating rates have large fractional errors in many models. Models that do not account for variations in the spectrum of solar irradiance cannot properly simulate solar-induced variations in stratospheric temperature. The combined long-lived greenhouse gas global annual mean instantaneous net radiative forcing at the tropopause is within 30% of line-by-line models for all CCM radiation codes tested. Problems remain in simulating radiative forcing for stratospheric water vapor and ozone changes with errors between 3% and 200% compared to line by line models. The paper makes recommendations for CCM radiation code developers and future intercomparisons. C1 [Forster, Piers M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Fomichev, Victor I.] York Univ, ESSE, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Rozanov, Eugene] World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observ Davos, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. [Rozanov, Eugene] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Cagnazzo, Chiara] Ctr Euromediterraneo Cambiamenti Climat, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Jonsson, Andreas I.; Sigmond, Michael] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Atmospher Phys Grp, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Langematz, Ulrike; Oberlaender, Sophie] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Meteorol, D-12165 Berlin, Germany. [Fomin, Boris] Cent Aerol Observ, Dolgoprudnyi 141700, Russia. [Iacono, Michael J.; Mlawer, Eli] Atmospher & Environm Res Ltd, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Mayer, Bernhard] Univ Munich, Lehrstuhl Expt Meteorol, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Myhre, Gunnar] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo, N-0318 Oslo, Norway. [Portmann, Robert W.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Akiyoshi, Hideharu] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Falaleeva, Victoria] Russian Acad Sci, AM Obukhov Inst Atmospher Phys, Moscow 119017, Russia. [Gillett, Nathan; Li, Jiangnan] Univ Victoria, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada. [Karpechko, Alexey] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Arctic Res Ctr, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Lemennais, Perrine] CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Morgenstern, Olaf] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Shibata, Kiyotaka] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. RP Forster, PM (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM piers@env.leeds.ac.uk; victor@nimbus.yorku.ca; e.rozanov@pmodwrc.ch; chiara.cagnazzo@cmcc.it; andreas@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca; ulrike.langematz@met.fu-berlin.de; b.fomin@mail.ru; miacono@aer.com; bernhard.mayer@lmu.de; emlawer@aer.com; gunnar.myhre@cicero.uio.no; robert.w.portmann@noaa.gov; hakiyosi@nies.go.jp; victory@ifaran.ru; nathan.gillett@ec.gc.ca; alexey.karpechko@fmi.fi; jiangnan.li@ec.gc.ca; perrine.lemennais@aero.jussieu.fr; o.morgenstern@niwa.co.nz; sophie.oberlander@met.fu-berlin.de; sigmond@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca; kshibata@mri-jma.go.jp RI Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Mayer, Bernhard/B-3397-2011; Sigmond, Michael /K-3169-2012; Jonsson, Andreas/B-3887-2013; Forster, Piers/F-9829-2010; Cagnazzo, Chiara/C-7194-2015; Li, Jiangnan/J-6262-2016; Falaleeva, Victoria/M-3414-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI cagnazzo, chiara/0000-0002-2054-0448; Morgenstern, Olaf/0000-0002-9967-9740; Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Mayer, Bernhard/0000-0002-3358-0190; Sigmond, Michael /0000-0003-2191-9756; Jonsson, Andreas/0000-0003-0321-6213; Forster, Piers/0000-0002-6078-0171; Falaleeva, Victoria/0000-0003-4942-7884; NR 70 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 18 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D10302 DI 10.1029/2010JD015361 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 767RG UT WOS:000290873100004 ER PT J AU Deng, Y Fuller-Rowell, TJ Akmaev, RA Ridley, AJ AF Deng, Yue Fuller-Rowell, Timothy J. Akmaev, Rashid A. Ridley, Aaron J. TI Impact of the altitudinal Joule heating distribution on the thermosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CUSP REGION; LATITUDE; ELECTRODYNAMICS; MODEL AB The thermospheric response at satellite altitudes along low Earth orbit is subject to the energy deposition locally, i.e., at high altitudes, and the vertical wave propagation from the energy injection at lower altitudes. In this study, a general circulation model has been run to investigate the source of nonhydrostatic effects and the sensitivity of the vertical wind and neutral density at satellite orbits to the energy deposited at low and high altitudes. Through comparing the simulations with and without the Joule heating enhancement above 150 km altitude, the impact of the heating at low and high altitudes on the high-altitude thermosphere has been separated. The numerical simulations show that most of the nonhydrostatic effects at high altitudes (300 km) arise from sources below 150 km and propagate vertically through the acoustic wave. The heating above 150 km is responsible for a large increase of the average vertical velocity (40 m/s) and neutral density (50%) at 300 km and higher altitudes. C1 [Deng, Yue] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Fuller-Rowell, Timothy J.; Akmaev, Rashid A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fuller-Rowell, Timothy J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ridley, Aaron J.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Space Environm Modeling, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Deng, Y (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, 502 Yates St, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM yuedeng@uta.edu; tim.fuller-rowell@noaa.gov; rashid.akmaev@noaa.gov; ridley@umich.edu FU University Colorado at Boulder CIRES; NSF [ATM0955629, ATM0823689] FX This research was supported by the University Colorado at Boulder CIRES Visiting Fellows Program. It was also supported by NSF through grants ATM0955629 and ATM0823689. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 18 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A05313 DI 10.1029/2010JA016019 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 767RV UT WOS:000290874600003 ER PT J AU Moreno, A Muramatsu, A Manmana, SR AF Moreno, Alexander Muramatsu, Alejandro Manmana, Salvatore R. TI Ground-state phase diagram of the one-dimensional t-J model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM RENORMALIZATION-GROUPS; HUBBARD-MODEL; CORRELATION EXPONENTS; MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTION; FERMI GAS; SPIN; CHARGE; CHAIN AB We examine the ground-state phase diagram of the t-J model in one dimension by means of the density matrix renormalization group. This model is characterized by a rich phase diagram as a function of the exchange interaction J and the density n, displaying Luttinger-liquid (LL) behavior both of repulsive and attractive (i.e., superconducting) natures, a spin-gap phase, and phase separation. The phase boundaries separating the repulsive from the attractive LL phase as J is increased, and also the boundaries of the spin-gap region at low densities, and phase separation at even larger J, are determined on the basis of correlation functions and energy gaps. In particular, we shed light on a contradiction between variational and renormalization-group (RG) results about the extent of the spin-gap phase, which results larger than the variational but smaller than the RG one. Furthermore, we show that the spin gap can reach a sizable value (similar to 0.1t) at low enough filling, such that preformed pairs should be observable at temperatures below these energy scales. No evidence for a phase with clustering of more than two particles is found on approaching phase separation. C1 [Moreno, Alexander; Muramatsu, Alejandro] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Theoret Phys 3, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. [Muramatsu, Alejandro] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Manmana, Salvatore R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Manmana, Salvatore R.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Manmana, Salvatore R.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Moreno, A (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Theoret Phys 3, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. RI Manmana, Salvatore /C-9822-2011 OI Manmana, Salvatore /0000-0002-4070-0576 FU DFG [SFB/TRR 21]; PIF-NSF [0904017]; National Science Foundation [PHY05-51164] FX We are grateful to the Julich Supercomputing Center (JSC) and the High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS) for allocation of computer time. We acknowledge financial support by the DFG in the frame of the SFB/TRR 21, and S.R.M. acknowledges financial support by PIF-NSF (Grant No. 0904017). A.M. and S.R.M. acknowledge interesting discussions with A.M. Rey and A. V. Gorshkov, and A.M. is grateful to KITP, Santa Barbara, for hospitality during the completion of this work. This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY05-51164. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 18 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 20 AR 205113 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.205113 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 765NS UT WOS:000290715600004 ER PT J AU Gruss, A Kaplan, DM Hart, DR AF Gruess, Arnaud Kaplan, David M. Hart, Deborah R. TI Relative Impacts of Adult Movement, Larval Dispersal and Harvester Movement on the Effectiveness of Reserve Networks SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; HOME-RANGE; SCIENCE; CONNECTIVITY; MODEL; OCEAN; SUSTAINABILITY; POPULATIONS; PERSISTENCE AB Movement of individuals is a critical factor determining the effectiveness of reserve networks. Marine reserves have historically been used for the management of species that are sedentary as adults, and, therefore, larval dispersal has been a major focus of marine-reserve research. The push to use marine reserves for managing pelagic and demersal species poses significant questions regarding their utility for highly-mobile species. Here, a simple conceptual metapopulation model is developed to provide a rigorous comparison of the functioning of reserve networks for populations with different admixtures of larval dispersal and adult movement in a home range. We find that adult movement produces significantly lower persistence than larval dispersal, all other factors being equal. Furthermore, redistribution of harvest effort previously in reserves to remaining fished areas ('fishery squeeze') and fishing along reserve borders ('fishing-the-line') considerably reduce persistence and harvests for populations mobile as adults, while they only marginally changes results for populations with dispersing larvae. Our results also indicate that adult home-range movement and larval dispersal are not simply additive processes, but rather that populations possessing both modes of movement have lower persistence than equivalent populations having the same amount of 'total movement' (sum of larval and adult movement spatial scales) in either larval dispersal or adult movement alone. C1 [Gruess, Arnaud; Kaplan, David M.] Univ Montpellier 2, IRD, IFREMER, Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneenne & Trop,UMR EME 2, Sete, France. [Hart, Deborah R.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Gruss, A (reprint author), Univ Montpellier 2, IRD, IFREMER, Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneenne & Trop,UMR EME 2, Sete, France. EM arnaud.gruss@ird.fr RI Kaplan, David M./G-5230-2010 OI Kaplan, David M./0000-0001-6087-359X FU French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-08-STRA-03] FX AG and DMK were supported by the AMPED project (www.amped.ird.fr) through a grant from the French National Research Agency (ANR), Systerra Program, grant number ANR-08-STRA-03. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 68 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 20 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 17 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 5 AR e19960 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0019960 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 764TX UT WOS:000290657500037 PM 21611148 ER PT J AU Noh, H Yang, JK Boriskina, SV Rooks, MJ Solomon, GS Dal Negro, L Cao, H AF Noh, Heeso Yang, Jin-Kyu Boriskina, Svetlana V. Rooks, Michael J. Solomon, Glenn S. Dal Negro, Luca Cao, Hui TI Lasing in Thue-Morse structures with optimized aperiodicity SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC MULTILAYERS; LIGHT WAVES; LOCALIZATION; CRYSTALS AB We demonstrate lasing in two-dimensional Thue-Morse structures fabricated in a semiconductor membrane. By changing the relative size of two scatterers that correspond to the building blocks A and B, we gradually vary structural aperiodicity and find an optimal degree of aperiodicity where light confinement is maximal and lasing is the strongest. At various degrees of aperiodicity, different types of modes acquire the highest quality factors and may be selected for lasing. This work opens a way of controlling lasing characteristic via structural aperiodicity. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3592850] C1 [Boriskina, Svetlana V.; Dal Negro, Luca] Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Noh, Heeso; Yang, Jin-Kyu; Rooks, Michael J.; Cao, Hui] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dal Negro, Luca] Boston Univ, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Brookline, MA 02446 USA. RP Dal Negro, L (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM dalnegro@bu.edu; hui.cao@yale.edu RI Yang, Jin-Kyu/E-6200-2010; Cao, Hui/F-4815-2012; Noh, Heeso/F-4803-2012; Boriskina, Svetlana/P-9396-2016 OI Noh, Heeso/0000-0002-6086-9109; Boriskina, Svetlana/0000-0001-6798-8082 FU NSF [DMR-0808937, ECCS-0846651]; U.S. Air Force [FA9550-10-1-0019] FX This work was partially supported by the NSF (Grant No. DMR-0808937), the U.S. Air Force Award (Grant No. FA9550-10-1-0019), and the NSF Career Award (Grant No. ECCS-0846651). NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 16 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 20 AR 201109 DI 10.1063/1.3592850 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 766UN UT WOS:000290812100009 ER PT J AU O'Connor, JA Tanner, MG Natarajan, CM Buller, GS Warburton, RJ Miki, S Wang, Z Nam, SW Hadfield, RH AF O'Connor, J. A. Tanner, M. G. Natarajan, C. M. Buller, G. S. Warburton, R. J. Miki, S. Wang, Z. Nam, S. W. Hadfield, R. H. TI Spatial dependence of output pulse delay in a niobium nitride nanowire superconducting single-photon detector SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION; TIME AB We report on the position-dependent variation in output pulse timing across a superconducting single-photon detector. Our device consists of a single niobium nitride nanowire meander (100 nm width, 4 nm film thickness, 2 mm length). We use a confocal microscope configuration (full width at half maximum-spot size 1.3 mu m at 1550 nm wavelength) and a femtosecond laser to study local variations in detection efficiency and output pulse timing. Pulse delays of up to 50 ps across the device correlate to local detection efficiency and resistance variations. This study indicates an underlying mechanism for timing jitter in superconducting nanowire devices. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3581054] C1 [O'Connor, J. A.; Tanner, M. G.; Natarajan, C. M.; Buller, G. S.; Warburton, R. J.; Hadfield, R. H.] Heriot Watt Univ, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [O'Connor, J. A.; Tanner, M. G.; Natarajan, C. M.; Buller, G. S.; Warburton, R. J.; Hadfield, R. H.] Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Warburton, R. J.] Univ Basel, Dept Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Miki, S.; Wang, Z.] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol NICT, Kansai Adv Res Ctr, Nishi Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6512492, Japan. [Nam, S. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP O'Connor, JA (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. EM r.h.hadfield@hw.ac.uk RI Hadfield, Robert/L-8081-2013; Natarajan, Chandra/C-3230-2014; Tanner, Michael/A-4440-2012; Natarajan, Chandra/O-5521-2015; OI Hadfield, Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187; Buller, Gerald/0000-0003-0441-2830 FU EPSRC (U.K.); Royal Society University FX Heriot-Watt University authors thank Paul Dalgarno for assistance and the EPSRC (U.K.) for support. R. H. H. gratefully acknowledges a Royal Society University Research Fellowship. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 16 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 20 AR 201116 DI 10.1063/1.3581054 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 766UN UT WOS:000290812100016 ER PT J AU Climent-Pascual, E Ni, N Jia, S Huang, Q Cava, RJ AF Climent-Pascual, E. Ni, N. Jia, S. Huang, Q. Cava, R. J. TI Polymorphism in BaPb1-xBixO3 at the superconducting composition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITIONS; NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BISMUTH-OXIDE; X-RAY; SYSTEM; TEMPERATURE; PEROVSKITE; BAPB0.75BI0.25O3; BAPBO3 AB Using a combination of high-resolution and high-sensitivity neutron and x-ray diffraction measurements, it is shown that BaPb(1-x)BixO(3) is dimorphic for the critical superconducting composition regime of x between 0.2 and 0.3. The system is not chemically phase separated; the simultaneous existence of tetragonal and orthorhombic polymorphs of the same composition is demonstrated. The polymorphs differ fundamentally in the distortion and tilting of the octahedra, such that they cannot be obtained from each other via a second-order phase transition. It is established that the tetragonal symmetry polymorph is the superconducting phase. C1 [Climent-Pascual, E.; Ni, N.; Jia, S.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Huang, Q.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Climent-Pascual, E (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI CLIMENT-PASCUAL, ESTEBAN/B-2608-2012 FU AFOSR MURI FX The authors would like to thank M. Bremholm, S. Dutton, and J. M. Allred for helpful discussions. The work at Princeton University was supported by the AFOSR MURI on superconductivity. NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 16 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 17 AR 174512 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.174512 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 765LN UT WOS:000290707800005 ER PT J AU Das Sarma, S Adam, S Hwang, EH Rossi, E AF Das Sarma, S. Adam, Shaffique Hwang, E. H. Rossi, Enrico TI Electronic transport in two-dimensional graphene SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHARGED-IMPURITY-SCATTERING; METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; SILICON INVERSION-LAYERS; POLAR PHONON-SCATTERING; MASSLESS DIRAC FERMIONS; WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; P-N-JUNCTIONS; SUSPENDED GRAPHENE; BILAYER GRAPHENE; 2 DIMENSIONS AB A broad review of fundamental electronic properties of two-dimensional graphene with the emphasis on density and temperature-dependent carrier transport in doped or gated graphene structures is provided. A salient feature of this review is a critical comparison between carrier transport in graphene and in two-dimensional semiconductor systems (e. g., heterostructures, quantum wells, inversion layers) so that the unique features of graphene electronic properties arising from its gapless, massless, chiral Dirac spectrum are highlighted. Experiment and theory, as well as quantum and semiclassical transport, are discussed in a synergistic manner in order to provide a unified and comprehensive perspective. Although the emphasis of the review is on those aspects of graphene transport where reasonable consensus exists in the literature, open questions are discussed as well. Various physical mechanisms controlling transport are described in depth including long-range charged impurity scattering, screening, short-range defect scattering, phonon scattering, many-body effects, Klein tunneling, minimum conductivity at the Dirac point, electron-hole puddle formation, p-n junctions, localization, percolation, quantum-classical crossover, midgap states, quantum Hall effects, and other phenomena. C1 [Das Sarma, S.; Adam, Shaffique; Hwang, E. H.; Rossi, Enrico] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Adam, Shaffique] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Das Sarma, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Adam, Shaffique/B-3264-2008; Rossi, Enrico/K-2837-2012; Hwang, Euyheon/A-6239-2013; Das Sarma, Sankar/B-2400-2009 OI Adam, Shaffique/0000-0002-3095-9920; Rossi, Enrico/0000-0002-2647-3610; Das Sarma, Sankar/0000-0002-0439-986X FU US-ONR; NSF-NRI FX This work is supported by US-ONR and NSF-NRI. NR 468 TC 1310 Z9 1322 U1 111 U2 898 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 EI 1539-0756 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD MAY 16 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 2 BP 407 EP 470 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.83.407 PG 64 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 765SZ UT WOS:000290730200001 ER PT J AU Warneke, C Roberts, JM Veres, P Gilman, J Kuster, WC Burling, I Yokelson, R de Gouw, JA AF Warneke, C. Roberts, J. M. Veres, P. Gilman, J. Kuster, W. C. Burling, I. Yokelson, R. de Gouw, J. A. TI VOC identification and inter-comparison from laboratory biomass burning using PTR-MS and PIT-MS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE VOC identification; PTR-MS; Inter-comparison; Biomass burning ID REACTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FIRE EMISSIONS EXPERIMENT; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ENGLAND AIR-QUALITY; TROPICAL FOREST; ACETALDEHYDE; ACIDS; CIMS AB Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from fires of biomass commonly found in the southeast and southwest U.S. were investigated with PTR-MS and PIT-MS, which are capable of fast measurements of a large number of VOCs. Both instruments were calibrated with gas standards and mass dependent calibration curves are determined. The sensitivity of the PIT-MS linearly increases with mass, because the ion trap mass spectrometer used in PIT-MS is more efficient for higher masses, whereas the quadrupole in PTR-MS is most efficient around 70 amu. The identification of VOCs in the complicated mix of the fire emissions was done by gas chromatographic pre separation and inter-comparison with other instrumentation: GC-MS, FTIR, and NI-PT-CIMS. With these state of the art identification methods only 50-75% of the mass detectable by PTR-MS or PIT-MS could be identified. The amount of identified material was dependent on the type of fuel used and the phase of the burns, more can be identified in the flaming stage of the fire. Compounds with masses above 100 amu contributed the largest fraction of the unidentified mass. Emission ratios with CO for all identified and unidentified compounds were determined. Small oxygenated VOCs had the highest emission ratios of the observed compounds. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Warneke, C.; Roberts, J. M.; Veres, P.; Gilman, J.; Kuster, W. C.; de Gouw, J. A.] NOAA, ESRL CSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Warneke, C.; Veres, P.; Gilman, J.; de Gouw, J. A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Burling, I.; Yokelson, R.] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Warneke, C (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL CSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM carsten.warneke@noaa.gov RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; NR 37 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 EI 1873-2798 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD MAY 15 PY 2011 VL 303 IS 1 BP 6 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2010.12.002 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 771DS UT WOS:000291138000002 ER PT J AU Jones, C Carvalho, LMV Gottschalck, J Higgins, W AF Jones, Charles Carvalho, Leila M. V. Gottschalck, Jon Higgins, Wayne TI The Madden-Julian Oscillation and the Relative Value of Deterministic Forecasts of Extreme Precipitation in the Contiguous United States SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC CONVERGENCE ZONE; EXTENDED RANGE FORECASTS; WEATHER FORECASTS; SOUTH-AMERICA; SYSTEM; PREDICTION; RAINFALL; PREDICTABILITY; MODULATION; SIMULATION AB The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) is the most prominent form of tropical intraseasonal variability that impacts weather and climate. Forecast skill of extreme precipitation in the contiguous United States (CON US) during winter is higher when the MJO is active and has enhanced convection over the Western Hemisphere, Africa, and/or the western Indian Ocean. This study applies a simple decision model to examine the relationships between the MJO and the relative value of deterministic forecasts of extreme precipitation. Value in the forecasts is significantly higher and extends to longer leads (2 weeks) during active MJO. C1 [Jones, Charles; Carvalho, Leila M. V.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Carvalho, Leila M. V.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Gottschalck, Jon; Higgins, Wayne] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Protect, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Jones, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM cjones@eri.ucsb.edu RI Carvalho, Leila/I-5027-2012; Jones, Charles/I-4574-2012 OI Jones, Charles/0000-0003-4808-6977 FU NOAA's Climate Program Office [NA08OAR4310698] FX The authors thank the support of NOAA's Climate Program Office, Climate Test Bed program, (NA08OAR4310698). NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, and OLR data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov). Comments by the editor and anonymous reviewers greatly improved this paper. NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY 15 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 10 BP 2421 EP 2428 DI 10.1175/2011JCLI-D-10-05002 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 768WM UT WOS:000290969400001 ER PT J AU Johns, WE Baringer, MO Beal, LM Cunningham, SA Kanzow, T Bryden, HL Hirschi, JJM Marotzke, J Meinen, CS Shaw, B Curry, R AF Johns, W. E. Baringer, M. O. Beal, L. M. Cunningham, S. A. Kanzow, T. Bryden, H. L. Hirschi, J. J. M. Marotzke, J. Meinen, C. S. Shaw, B. Curry, R. TI Continuous, Array-Based Estimates of Atlantic Ocean Heat Transport at 26.5 degrees N SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; SUBTROPICAL NORTH-ATLANTIC; WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT; FLORIDA CURRENT TRANSPORT; 26.5 DEGREES N; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; ANNUAL CYCLE; FRESH-WATER; APRIL 1982; VARIABILITY AB Continuous estimates of the oceanic meridional heat transport in the Atlantic are derived from the Rapid Climate Change-Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) and Heatflux Array (RAPID-MOCHA) observing system deployed along 26.5 degrees N, for the period from April 2004 to October 2007. The basinwide meridional heat transport (MHT) is derived by combining temperature transports (relative to a common reference) from 1) the Gulf Stream in the Straits of Florida; 2) the western boundary region offshore of Abaco, Bahamas; 3) the Ekman layer [derived from Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) wind stresses]; and 4) the interior ocean monitored by "endpoint" dynamic height moorings. The interior eddy heat transport arising from spatial covariance of the velocity and temperature fields is estimated independently from repeat hydrographic and expendable bathythermograph (XBT) sections and can also be approximated by the array. The results for the 3.5 yr of data thus far available show a mean MHT of 1.33 +/- 0.40 PW for 10-day-averaged estimates, on which time scale a basinwide mass balance can be reasonably assumed. The associated MOC strength and variability is 18.5 +/- 4.9 Sv (1 Sv 10(6) m(3) s(-1)). The continuous heat transport estimates range from a minimum of 0.2 to a maximum of 2.5 PW, with approximately half of the variance caused by Ekman transport changes and half caused by changes in the geostrophic circulation. The data suggest a seasonal cycle of the MHT with a maximum in summer (July-September) and minimum in late winter (March-April), with an annual range of 0.6 PW. A breakdown of the MHT into "overturning" and "gyre" components shows that the overturning component carries 88% of the total heat transport. The overall uncertainty of the annual mean MHT for the 3.5-yr record is 0.14 PW or about 10% of the mean value. C1 [Johns, W. E.; Beal, L. M.; Shaw, B.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Baringer, M. O.; Meinen, C. S.] NOAA, Phys Oceanog Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. [Cunningham, S. A.; Kanzow, T.; Bryden, H. L.; Hirschi, J. J. M.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Ocean Observing & Climate Res Grp, Southampton, Hants, England. [Marotzke, J.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Curry, R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Johns, WE (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM bjohns@rsmas.miami.edu RI Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012; Hirschi, Joel/F-5631-2013; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012 OI Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002; Hirschi, Joel/0000-0003-1481-3697; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [OCE0241438, OCE0728108]; U.K. RAPID [NER/T/S/2002/00481]; U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX This research was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Awards OCE0241438 and OCE0728108, by the U.K. RAPID Programme (RAPID Grant NER/T/S/2002/00481), and by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, as part of its Western Boundary Time Series Program. The mooring deployment and recovery operations were skillfully carried out by the University of Miami Ocean Technology Group and the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council mooring group. The authors thank the captains and crews of the RRS Discovery, R/V Knorr, R/V Seward Johnson, and NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown for their dedication and capable assistance in the mooring cruises and shipboard data acquisition activities. NR 61 TC 150 Z9 150 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY 15 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 10 BP 2429 EP 2449 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3997.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 768WM UT WOS:000290969400002 ER PT J AU Ciasto, LM Alexander, MA Deser, C England, MH AF Ciasto, Laura M. Alexander, Michael A. Deser, Clara England, Matthew H. TI On the Persistence of Cold-Season SST Anomalies Associated with the Annular Modes SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN INTERACTION; HEAT-FLUX ANOMALIES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; TEMPORAL COHERENCE; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; IN-SITU; PACIFIC AB In this study, a simple stochastic climate model is used to examine the impact of the ocean mixed layer depth, surface turbulent energy fluxes, and Ekman currents on the persistence of cold-season extratropical sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies associated with variability in the annular modes of atmospheric circulation in both hemispheres. Observational analysis reveals that during the cold season, SST anomalies associated with the southern annular mode (SSTSAM) persist considerably longer than those associated with the northern annular mode (SSTNAM). Using the simple model, it is shown that the persistence of the cold-season SSTSAM is consistent with the simple stochastic climate paradigm in which the atmospheric forcing is approximated as white noise, and the persistence of SST anomalies can be largely determined by the thermal inertia of the ocean mixed layer. In the North Atlantic, however, the simple climate model overestimates the persistence of the cold-season SSTNAM. It is thought that this overestimate occurs because the NAM-related heat flux forcing cannot be described purely as white noise but must also include a feedback from the underlying SST anomalies. C1 [Ciasto, Laura M.; England, Matthew H.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Alexander, Michael A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Deser, Clara] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Ciasto, LM (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM l.ciasto@unsw.edu.au RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013; England, Matthew/A-7539-2011 OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427; England, Matthew/0000-0001-9696-2930 FU National Science Foundation; Australian Research Council; NOAA; NCAR FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.; We are would like to thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which greatly improved the manuscript. We are also grateful to Dr. David Thompson for his helpful discussions of the results. L. Ciasto and M. H. England were supported by the Australian Research Council. M. Alexander was funded by NOAA's CLIVAR Program, and C. Deser gratefully acknowledges support from NCAR. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY 15 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 10 BP 2500 EP 2515 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3535.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 768WM UT WOS:000290969400006 ER PT J AU Ayache, M Nezhad, MP Zamek, S Abashin, M Fainman, Y AF Ayache, Maurice Nezhad, Maziar P. Zamek, Steve Abashin, Maxim Fainman, Yeshaiahu TI Near-field measurement of amplitude and phase in silicon waveguides with liquid cladding SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; PROBES; NSOM AB Heterodyne near-field scanning optical microscopy (H-NSOM) has proven useful as a tool for characterization of both amplitude and phase of on-chip photonic devices in air, but it has previously been unable to characterize devices with a dielectric overcladding, which is commonly used in practice for such devices. Here we demonstrate H-NSOM of a silicon waveguide with a liquid cladding emulating the solid dielectric. This technique allows characterization of practical devices with realistic refractive index profiles. Fourier analysis is used to estimate the effective refractive index of the mode from the measured data, showing an index shift of 0.08 from air to water cladding, which is seen to correspond well to simulations. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Ayache, Maurice; Nezhad, Maziar P.; Zamek, Steve; Abashin, Maxim; Fainman, Yeshaiahu] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Abashin, Maxim] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ayache, M (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mayache@ucsd.edu FU Cymer Corporation; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF through the Engineering Research Center for Integrated Access Networks (CIAN ERC); Nanonics, Ltd. FX The authors wish to acknowledge support from the Cymer Corporation, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the National Science Foundation (NSF) and NSF through the Engineering Research Center for Integrated Access Networks (CIAN ERC). We thank Nanonics, Ltd. for extensive training and support, Nano3 staff at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), and Bill Mitchell at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) for e-beam lithography. Finally, we thank Dr. Boris Slutsky and Aleksandar Simic for help with the experimental setup. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2011 VL 36 IS 10 BP 1869 EP 1871 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 765NW UT WOS:000290716000043 PM 21593918 ER PT J AU Wang, QD Griesmann, U Burnett, JH AF Wang, Quandou Griesmann, Ulf Burnett, John H. TI Binary amplitude holograms made from dyed photoresist SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-GENERATED HOLOGRAMS; SENSITIVITY AB A method for fabricating binary amplitude holograms from a dyed photoresist is described. It is of particular interest for holograms that are used as null optics in the form metrology of aspheric surfaces and wavefronts. A pigment that strongly absorbs light near 633 nm was dissolved in a positive photoresist and the dyed resist was spun onto silica glass substrates. Stable resist layers were obtained that were essentially opaque at 633 nm with little effect on the transmittance of the resist in the UV. A Fresnel zone plate was fabricated from the dyed resist layer using contact lithography, and its performance was demonstrated at 633 nm. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Wang, Quandou; Griesmann, Ulf; Burnett, John H.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Griesmann, U (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ulf.griesmann@nist.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2011 VL 36 IS 10 BP 1899 EP 1901 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 765NW UT WOS:000290716000053 PM 21593928 ER PT J AU Chinnapongse, SL MacCuspie, RI Hackley, VA AF Chinnapongse, Stephanie L. MacCuspie, Robert I. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Persistence of singly dispersed silver nanoparticles in natural freshwaters, synthetic seawater, and simulated estuarine waters SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Silver nanoparticles; Nanoparticle stability; Dispersion; Environmental fate; Persistence ID HUMIC SUBSTANCES; NANO-SILVER; GOLD; AGGREGATION; RISK; NANOMATERIALS; CONTAMINATION; CAPABILITIES; DYNAMICS; EXPOSURE AB This investigation focuses on predicting the persistence of citrate-capped 20 nm AgNPs by measuring their colloidal stability in natural freshwaters and synthetic aquatic media. Ultraviolet-visible absorbance spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and atomic force microscopy were used to evaluate the colloidal stability of AgNPs in locally-obtained pond water, moderately hard reconstituted water alone or with natural organic matter (NOM), synthetic seawater, and also the individual chemicals most prevalent in seawater. Singly dispersed AgNPs in seawater and waters with greater than 20 mmol L(-1) sodium chloride were unstable, with the optical absorbance approaching zero within the first ten hours of mixing. Agglomeration rates as a function of water chemistry and NOM are tested as a hypothesis to explain the rates of disappearance of singly dispersed AgNPs. Other samples, mostly those with lower salinity or NOM, maintained varying degrees of colloidal stability during time studies up to 48 h. This indicates likelihood that some AgNPs will be stable long enough in freshwater to successfully enter estuarine or marine systems. These results should enable a more efficient design of nanoEHS risk assessment experiments by predicting the aquatic or soil compartments at greatest potential risk for accumulation of and exposure to citrate capped 20 nm AgNPs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chinnapongse, Stephanie L.; MacCuspie, Robert I.; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Nanomech Properties Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP MacCuspie, RI (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Nanomech Properties Grp, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.maccuspie@nist.gov OI MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499; Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 FU National Science Foundation; Division of Materials Research; NIST FX S.L.C. was supported in part by the National Science Foundation's Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program, Division of Materials Research, and through the NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program. NR 54 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 101 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2011 VL 409 IS 12 BP 2443 EP 2450 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.03.020 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 767BG UT WOS:000290829700012 PM 21481439 ER PT J AU Brennan, RG Butler, TA Winchester, MR AF Brennan, Ryan G. Butler, Therese A. Winchester, Michael R. TI Achieving 0.2% Relative Expanded Uncertainty in Ion Chromatography Analysis Using a High-Performance Methodology SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INORGANIC-IONS; DRINKING-WATER; SPECTROMETRY AB A high-performance (HP) technique that was originally developed for inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) has been successfully translated to ion chromatography (IC) to enable analyses with extremely low uncertainty. As an example application of the HP-IC methodology, analyses of several National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) in the SRM 3180 series of anion standard solutions are reported. The relative expanded uncertainty values expressed at 95% confidence for these analyses range from 0.087% to 0.27% and average 0.18%. Strong correlation between analyte and internal standard anion peak heights or peak areas, as well as the use of a unique drift-correction approach, is shown to be important for attaining such low uncertainty. C1 [Brennan, Ryan G.; Butler, Therese A.; Winchester, Michael R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Winchester, MR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mwinchester@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 15 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 10 BP 3801 EP 3807 DI 10.1021/ac200290y PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 762HO UT WOS:000290466000026 PM 21480672 ER PT J AU Cooksey, GA Elliott, JT Plant, AL AF Cooksey, Gregory A. Elliott, John T. Plant, Anne L. TI Reproducibility and Robustness of a Real-Time Microfluidic Cell Toxicity Assay SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MAMMALIAN-CELLS; CULTURE; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); INHIBITION; SYSTEMS AB Numerous opportunities exist to apply microfluidic technology to high-throughput and high-content cell-based assays. However, maximizing the value of microfluidic assays for applications such as drug discovery, screening, or toxicity evaluation will require assurance of within-device repeatability, day-to-day reproducibility, and robustness to variations in conditions that might occur from laboratory to laboratory. This report describes a study of the performance and variability of a cell-based toxicity assay in microfluidic devices made of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The assay involves expression of destabilized green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter of intracellular protein synthesis and degradation. Reduction in cellular GFP due to inhibition of ribosome activity by cycloheximide (CHX) was quantified with real-time quantitative fluorescence imaging. Assay repeatability was measured within a 64-chamber microfluidic device. Assay performance across a range of cell loading densities within a single device was assessed, as was replication of measurements in microfluidic devices prepared on different days. Assay robustness was tested using different fluorescence illumination sources and reservoir-to-device tubing choices. Both microfluidic and larger scale assay conditions showed comparable GFP decay rates upon CHX exposure, but the microfluidic data provided the higher level of confidence. C1 [Cooksey, Gregory A.; Elliott, John T.; Plant, Anne L.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cooksey, GA (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gregory.cooksey@nist.gov FU National Research Council; American Recovery and Reinvestment Act FX G.A.C. acknowledges a postdoctoral fellowship from the National Research Council and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. We thank Michael Halter, Jim Filliben, and Marc Salit for helpful discussions, Alessandro Tona for maintenance of cell cultures, Glynis Mattheisen for help fabricating devices and counting cells, and Reem Sharaf for counting cells. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 15 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 10 BP 3890 EP 3896 DI 10.1021/ac200273f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 762HO UT WOS:000290466000037 PM 21506521 ER PT J AU Kucklick, J Schwacke, L Wells, R Hohn, A Guichard, A Yordy, J Hansen, L Zolman, E Wilson, R Litz, J Nowacek, D Rowles, T Pugh, R Balmer, B Sinclair, C Rosel, P AF Kucklick, John Schwacke, Lori Wells, Randy Hohn, Aleta Guichard, Aurore Yordy, Jennifer Hansen, Larry Zolman, Eric Wilson, Rachel Litz, Jenny Nowacek, Doug Rowles, Teri Pugh, Rebecca Balmer, Brian Sinclair, Carrie Rosel, Patricia TI Bottlenose Dolphins as Indicators of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Western North Atlantic Ocean and Northern Gulf of Mexico SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; WHALES ORCINUS-ORCA; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; LIFE-HISTORY; FLAME RETARDANTS; SARASOTA BAY; AROCLOR 1268; BLUBBER; TOXAPHENE AB Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including legacy POPs (PCBs, chlordanes, mirex, DDTs, HCB, and dieldrin) and polybrominated diphenyl, ether (PBDE) flame retardants were determined in 300 blubber biopsy samples from coastal and near shore/estuarine male bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) sampled along the U.S. East and Gulf of Mexico coasts and Bermuda. Samples were from 14 locations including urban and rural estuaries and near a Superfund site (Brunswick, Georgia) contaminated with the PCB formulation Aroclor 1268. All classes of legacy POPs in estuarine stocks varied significantly (p < 0.05) among sampling locations. POP profiles in blubber varied by location with the most characteristic profile observed in bottlenose dolphins sampled near the Brunswick and Sapelo estuaries along the Georgia coast which differed significantly (p < 0.001) from other sites. Here and in Sapelo, PCB congeners from Aroclor 1268 dominated indicating widespread food web contamination by this PCB mixture. PCB 153, which is associate non-Aroclor 1268 PCB formulations, correlated significantly to human population indicating contamination from a general urban PCB source. Factors influencing regional differences of other POPs were less clear and warrant further study. This work puts into geographical context POP contamination in dolphins to help prioritize efforts examining health effects from POP exposure in bottlenose dolphins. C1 [Kucklick, John; Guichard, Aurore; Yordy, Jennifer; Pugh, Rebecca] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Schwacke, Lori; Zolman, Eric] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Wells, Randy; Balmer, Brian] Chicago Zool Soc, Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34326 USA. [Hohn, Aleta; Hansen, Larry] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv NMFS, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Wilson, Rachel] Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32036 USA. [Litz, Jenny] NOAA NMFS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Nowacek, Doug] Duke Univ, Duke Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Rowles, Teri] NOAA NMFS, Marine Mammal Hlth & Stranding Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Sinclair, Carrie] NOAA NMFS, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Rosel, Patricia] NOAA NMFS, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Kucklick, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM John.Kucklick@noaa.gov RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011; Wilson, Rachel /F-2723-2013 OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062; FU National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS); Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund; Dolphin Quest; Chicago Zoological Society Sarasota Dolphin Research Program; Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Inc. FX Funding was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund, Dolphin Quest, the Chicago Zoological Society Sarasota Dolphin Research Program, and by a grant awarded from Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Inc. from proceeds collected from the sale of Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate as authorized by Florida Statute 320.08058(20). We thank the field personnel and veterinarians who were involved in these projects. Certain commercial equipment and materials are identified in this paper to adequately specify the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 41 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 10 BP 4270 EP 4277 DI 10.1021/es1042244 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 761UQ UT WOS:000290426900017 PM 21526819 ER PT J AU Steele, AV Knuffman, B McClelland, JJ AF Steele, A. V. Knuffman, B. McClelland, J. J. TI Inter-ion Coulomb interactions in a magneto-optical trap ion source SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We have investigated the role played by inter-ion Coulomb interactions in a magneto-optical trap ion source (MOTIS). Using a Monte Carlo simulation accounting for all pair-wise ion-ion Coulomb interactions in the source, we have calculated the broadening of the transverse spatial and velocity distributions as well as the increase in emittance over a range of beam currents and extraction electric fields. Using a (7)Li MOTIS, we have experimentally studied the broadening of the spatial distribution as a function of total beam current and extraction electric field by measuring the fraction of the beam current that passes through a 20 mu m diameter aperture. The Monte Carlo simulations agree well with the experimental results, indicating that such simulations capture the essential physics of the source. Our results show that while Coulomb interactions can cause a significant increase in emittance in some situations, it is possible to keep the effects to an acceptable level by suitable choice of extraction field and beam current. These considerations are essential to the process of optimizing MOTIS geometry and operating conditions for use in high-resolution focused ion beam applications. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3585783] C1 [Steele, A. V.; Knuffman, B.; McClelland, J. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Steele, AV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM adam.steele@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; McClelland, Jabez/A-2358-2015 OI McClelland, Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 10 AR 104308 DI 10.1063/1.3585783 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 783WU UT WOS:000292115900118 ER PT J AU Kochendorfer, J Castillo, EG Haas, E Oechel, WC Paw, UKT AF Kochendorfer, John Castillo, Eugenia G. Haas, Edward Oechel, Walter C. Paw, Kyaw Tha U. TI Net ecosystem exchange, evapotranspiration and canopy conductance in a riparian forest SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heterogeneity; Advection; Populus fremontii; Flooding; Hydrology; Cottonwood ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; POPULUS-FREMONTII; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; LEAF CONDUCTANCE; PLANT-RESPONSES; COLORADO RIVER; WATER-VAPOR; RESTORATION; SENSITIVITY; FLOODPLAIN AB The ecosystem fluxes of mass and energy were quantified for a riparian cottonwood (Populus fremontii S. Watson) stand, and the daily and seasonal courses of evapotranspiration, CO(2) flux, and canopy conductance were described, using eddy covariance. The ecosystem-level evapotranspiration results are consistent with those of other riparian studies: high vapor pressure deficit and increased groundwater depth resulted in reduced canopy conductance, and the annual cumulative evapotranspiration of 1095 mm was more than double the magnitude of precipitation. In addition, the cottonwood forest was a strong sink of CO(2), absorbing 310 g C m(-2) from the atmosphere in the first 365 days of the study. On weekly to annual time scales, hydrology was strongly linked with the net atmosphere-ecosystem exchange of CO(2), with ecosystem productivity greatest when groundwater depth was similar to 2 m below the ground surface. Increases in groundwater depth beyond the depth of 2 m corresponded with decreased CO(2) uptake and evapotranspiration. Saturated soils caused by flooding and shallow groundwater depths also resulted in reduced ecosystem fluxes of CO(2) and water. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kochendorfer, John] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kochendorfer, John; Castillo, Eugenia G.; Paw, Kyaw Tha U.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Haas, Edward] CH2M Hill Inc, Sacramento, CA 95833 USA. [Oechel, Walter C.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Kochendorfer, J (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, POB 2456, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM john.kochendorfer@noaa.gov RI Kochendorfer, John/K-2680-2012; Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010 OI Kochendorfer, John/0000-0001-8436-2460; Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X FU John Muir Institute for the Environment; CALFED; Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division of NOAA FX Carson Jeffries contributed the surface water data used to estimate the storage of sensible heat. Diana Cummings of the John Muir Institute for the Environment provided purchasing and payroll support throughout the project. The Nature Conservancy provided access to the land where the work was performed. Michael M. Mata, Patrick Wenzinger, Sonia Wharton, Rex David Pyles, and Liyi Xu assisted with field work and data analysis. Praveena Krishnan and Dennis D. Baldocchi provided timely and insightful criticism of an early draft of the work. Funding was provided by CALFED, and some of the work was performed while one of the authors (J.K.) was supported through a post-doctoral fellowship at the Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division of NOAA. We are very grateful to three anonymous reviewers and the editor OH. Gash) for their helpful suggestions. NR 59 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAY 15 PY 2011 VL 151 IS 5 BP 544 EP 553 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.12.012 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 740DU UT WOS:000288772600002 ER PT J AU Kochendorfer, J Paw, UKT AF Kochendorfer, John Paw, Kyaw Tha U. TI Field estimates of scalar advection across a canopy edge SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Energy balance; Scalar fluxes; Edge effect ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; TURBULENT BOUNDARY-LAYER; SURFACE-AIR EXCHANGE; LOCAL ADVECTION; FOREST EDGE; DOWNWIND EVOLUTION; ENERGY-BALANCE; MICROMETEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; EXPERIMENT EBEX-2000; FLUX MEASUREMENTS AB Measurements of the horizontal and vertical fluxes of energy and mass were taken at a crop canopy edge and downwind of it to examine the effects of inhomogeneity on surface-atmosphere exchange, for the ideal case of flat uniform terrain. Energy balance closure was also examined and the effects of the often-neglected advection terms on the energy budget were evaluated. The results show that neither vertical nor horizontal advection should be neglected for moderate distances downwind from heterogeneous boundaries, with the energy budget closure near the leading edge improved by more than 20% with the inclusion of the horizontal and vertical advection of latent and sensible heat. Significant mean advective horizontal and vertical flux divergences of water vapor and temperature were found even in typical daytime conditions. In stable conditions horizontal advection can be responsible for more than 15% of the scalar (water vapor) transport 136 canopy heights downwind of a change in water vapor source density and surface roughness. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kochendorfer, John] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kochendorfer, John; Paw, Kyaw Tha U.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kochendorfer, J (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, POB 2456, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM john.kochendorfer@noaa.gov RI Kochendorfer, John/K-2680-2012 OI Kochendorfer, John/0000-0001-8436-2460 FU John Muir Institute for the Environment; CALFED; NOAA Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division FX Eugenia Gonzales Del Castillo, Sonia Wharton, Rex David Pyles, and Liyi Xu assisted with field work and data analysis. Michael M. Mata tilled, planted, and helped irrigate the field site. Diana Cummings of the John Muir Institute for the Environment provided purchasing and payroll support. Funding for the purchase of equipment was provided by CALFED. Some of the work was performed while one of the authors [J.K.] was supported through a post-doctoral fellowship at the NOAA Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division. Three anonymous reviewers and the editor (T.J. Griffis) provided comments and suggestions that greatly improved the quality of the work presented here. NR 61 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAY 15 PY 2011 VL 151 IS 5 BP 585 EP 594 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.01.003 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 740DU UT WOS:000288772600006 ER PT J AU Kurapov, AL Foley, D Strub, PT Egbert, GD Allen, JS AF Kurapov, A. L. Foley, D. Strub, P. T. Egbert, G. D. Allen, J. S. TI Variational assimilation of satellite observations in a coastal ocean model off Oregon SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID WIND-DRIVEN CIRCULATION; REPRESENTER ALGORITHM; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; VELOCITY DATA; VARIABILITY; CURRENTS; SYSTEM AB Satellite along-track sea surface height (SSH) and multisatellite sea surface temperature (SST) maps are assimilated in a coastal ocean circulation model off Oregon. The study period is June-October 2005, featuring intensive separation of the coastal upwelling jets in the eddy-dominated coastal transition zone (CTZ). The data assimilation (DA) system combines the nonlinear Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and the Advanced Variational Regional Ocean Representer Analyzer (AVRORA) tangent linear and adjoint codes developed by our group. The variational representer DA method is implemented in a series of 6 day time windows, with initial conditions corrected at the beginning of each window. To avoid the problem of matching the model and observed SSH mean levels, the observed SSH slope has been assimilated. Location, timing, and intensity of jets and eddies in the CTZ are constrained, to improve accuracy of nonlinear model analyses and forecasts. In the case assimilating SSH alone, the geometry of the SST front is improved. SSH assimilation results in the cross-shore transport more uniformly distributed along the coast than in the free run model. An outer front is identified in the DA analyses at a distance of 200 km from the coast. A strong subsurface horizontal temperature gradient across this front influences the depth of the thermocline in an area between the front and the continental slope. The DA correction term is comparable in magnitude to dominant terms in the volume-integrated heat equation. The time-averaged DA correction term in the volume-integrated heat balance is closer to 0 in the combined SSH-SST assimilation case, than in the case assimilating SSH alone. C1 [Kurapov, A. L.; Strub, P. T.; Egbert, G. D.; Allen, J. S.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Foley, D.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Kurapov, AL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 COAS Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM kurapov@coas.oregonstate.edu OI Egbert, Gary/0000-0003-1276-8538 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N000140810942, N000141010745]; NOAA-CIOSS; NOAA-IOOS (NANOOS); NSF [OCE-0648314, OCE-1030922] FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) Physical Oceanography Program (grants N000140810942, N000141010745), NOAA-CIOSS, NOAA-IOOS (NANOOS), and NSF (grants OCE-0648314, OCE-1030922). NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 14 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C05006 DI 10.1029/2010JC006909 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 764JB UT WOS:000290624600005 ER PT J AU Ranitovic, P Tong, XM Hogle, CW Zhou, X Liu, Y Toshima, N Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC AF Ranitovic, P. Tong, X. M. Hogle, C. W. Zhou, X. Liu, Y. Toshima, N. Murnane, M. M. Kapteyn, H. C. TI Controlling the XUV Transparency of Helium Using Two-Pathway Quantum Interference SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2-PHOTON TRANSITIONS; DYNAMICS; DISSOCIATION; PULSES; LASERS AB Atoms irradiated with combined femtosecond laser and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) fields ionize through multiphoton processes, even when the energy of the XUV photon is below the ionization potential. However, in the presence of two different XUV photons and an intense laser field, it is possible to induce full electromagnetic transparency. Taking helium as an example, the laser field modifies its electronic structure, while the presence of two different XUV photons and the laser field leads to two distinct ionization pathways that can interfere destructively. This work demonstrates a new approach for coherent control in a regime of highly excited states and strong optical fields. C1 [Ranitovic, P.; Hogle, C. W.; Zhou, X.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ranitovic, P.; Hogle, C. W.; Zhou, X.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ranitovic, P.; Hogle, C. W.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tong, X. M.; Toshima, N.] Univ Tsukuba, Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. [Tong, X. M.] Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. [Liu, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ranitovic, P (reprint author), JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Tong, Xiao-Min/A-2748-2011; Zhou, Xibin/C-1316-2011; Zhou, Xibin/B-5544-2009; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; ranitovic, predrag/A-2282-2014 OI Tong, Xiao-Min/0000-0003-4898-3491; Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; FU ARO; NSF PFC; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from ARO and NSF PFC, and used facilities provided by the NSF EUV ERC. N. T. and X. M. T. acknowledge support from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. We thank Achim Czasch, Till Jahnke, and RoentDek for the COLTRIMS support, and Farhad Salmassi and Eric Gullikson of Lawrence Berkeley National Lab for the help on XUV multilayer mirror coatings. NR 27 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 13 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 19 AR 193008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.193008 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 765SI UT WOS:000290728500005 PM 21668154 ER PT J AU Cockayne, E Rutter, GM Guisinger, NP Crain, JN First, PN Stroscio, JA AF Cockayne, Eric Rutter, Gregory M. Guisinger, Nathan P. Crain, Jason N. First, Phillip N. Stroscio, Joseph A. TI Grain boundary loops in graphene SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; CARBON NANOTUBES; DEFECTS; SCATTERING; GRAPHITE AB Topological defects can affect the physical properties of graphene in unexpected ways. Harnessing their influence may lead to enhanced control of both material strength and electrical properties. Here we present a class of topological defects in graphene composed of a rotating sequence of dislocations that close on themselves, forming grain boundary loops that either conserve the number of atoms in the hexagonal lattice or accommodate vacancy or interstitial reconstruction, while leaving no unsatisfied bonds. One grain boundary loop is observed as a "flower" pattern in scanning tunneling microscopy studies of epitaxial graphene grown on SiC(0001). We show that the flower defect has the lowest energy per dislocation core of any known topological defect in graphene, providing a natural explanation for its growth via the coalescence of mobile dislocations. C1 [Cockayne, Eric] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rutter, Gregory M.; First, Phillip N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Rutter, Gregory M.; Guisinger, Nathan P.; Crain, Jason N.; Stroscio, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cockayne, E (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.cockayne@nist.gov; joseph.stroscio@nist.gov FU Semiconductor Research Corporation (NRI-INDEX); NSF [DMR-0804908, DMR-0820382 [MRSEC]] FX We thank S. Adam, E. Mele, and O. Yazyev for useful discussions. P.N.F. acknowledges support from the Semiconductor Research Corporation (NRI-INDEX) and from NSF (DMR-0804908 and DMR-0820382 [MRSEC]). NR 41 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 60 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 12 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 19 AR 195425 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.195425 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762ZK UT WOS:000290521100003 ER PT J AU Gentile, TR Crawford, CB AF Gentile, T. R. Crawford, C. B. TI Neutron charge radius and the neutron electric form factor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID QUASI-ELASTIC SCATTERING; POLARIZED ELECTRONS; NUCLEON; HE-3; DEUTERON; (GEV/C)2; E'N) AB For nearly forty years, the Galster parametrization has been employed to fit existing data for the neutron electric form factor, G(E)(n), vs the square of the four-momentum transfer, Q(2). Typically this parametrization is constrained to be consistent with experimental data for the neutron charge radius. However, we find that the Galster form does not have sufficient freedom to accommodate reasonable values of the radius without constraining or compromising the fit. In addition, the G(E)(n) data are now at sufficient precision to motivate a two-parameter fit (or three parameters if we include thermal neutron data). Here we present a modified form of a two-dipole parametrization that allows this freedom and fits both G(E)(n) (including recent data at both low and high four-momentum transfer) and the charge radius well with simple, well-defined parameters. Analysis reveals that the Galster form is essentially a two-parameter approximation to the two-dipole form but becomes degenerate if we try to extend it naturally to three parameters. C1 [Gentile, T. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Crawford, C. B.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Gentile, TR (reprint author), NIST, Stop 8461, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU National Science Foundation [PHY-0855584] FX T. R. G. acknowledges useful communications with E. J. Beise, J. Arrington, and H. Gao. This work is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-0855584. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY 12 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 5 AR 055203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.83.055203 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 762ZR UT WOS:000290522200009 ER PT J AU Bristow, AD Zhang, TH Siemens, ME Cundiff, ST Mirin, RP AF Bristow, Alan D. Zhang, Tianhao Siemens, Mark E. Cundiff, Steven T. Mirin, R. P. TI Separating Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Line Widths of Heavy- and Light-Hole Excitons in Weakly Disordered Semiconductor Quantum Wells SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; FEMTOSECOND SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL INTERFEROMETRY; NONLINEAR SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTON-ECHO; GAAS; RELAXATION; BIEXCITONS AB Optical two-dimensional Fourier-transform spectroscopy is used to study the heavy- and light-hole excitonic resonances in weakly disordered GaAs quantum wells. Homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening contribute differently to the two-dimensional resonance line shapes, allowing separation of homogeneous and inhomogeneous line widths. The heavy-hole exciton exhibits more inhomogeneous than homogeneous broadening, whereas the light-hole exciton shows the reverse. This situation occurs because of the interplay between the length scale of the disorder and the exciton Bohr radius, which affects the exciton localization separation of line widths, excitation-density-dependent measurements reveal that many-body interactions alter the homogeneous dephasing while disorder-induced dephasing is unchanged.. and scattering. Utilizing this separation of line widths, excitation-density-dependent measurements reveal that many-body interactions alter the homogeneous dephasing while disorder-induced dephasing is unchanged. C1 [Bristow, Alan D.; Zhang, Tianhao; Siemens, Mark E.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bristow, Alan D.; Zhang, Tianhao; Siemens, Mark E.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, Tianhao; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mirin, R. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Bristow, Alan/F-9703-2013; OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 FU National Science Foundation; Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX The authors wish to thank Torsten Meier and Peter Thomas for useful discussions. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation and the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy and by the National Science Foundation. NR 68 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 12 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 18 BP 5365 EP 5371 DI 10.1021/jp109408s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 757ZA UT WOS:000290127100034 PM 21384940 ER PT J AU Byrkjedal, I Poulsen, JY Galbraith, J AF Byrkjedal, Ingvar Poulsen, Jan Yde Galbraith, John TI Leptoderma macrophthalmum n.sp., a new species of smooth-head (Otocephala: Alepocephalidae) from the Mid Atlantic Ridge SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Alepocephalidae; Leptoderma; Mid Atlantic Ridge ID DEEP-SEA FISH; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; TELEOSTEI AB A new species of Alepocephalidae, Leptoderma macrophthalmum n.sp., is described from one specimen caught in 2004 at about 2100 m depth at the Mid Atlantic Ridge, north of the Azores. Morphological and molecular evidence indicate a relationship closest to the Pacific species Leptoderma lubricum. C1 [Byrkjedal, Ingvar; Poulsen, Jan Yde] Univ Bergen, Bergen Museum, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Galbraith, John] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Byrkjedal, I (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Bergen Museum, POB 7800,Allegt 41, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. EM ingvar.byrkjedal@zmb.uib.no NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAY 12 PY 2011 IS 2876 BP 49 EP 56 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 763AP UT WOS:000290525600005 ER PT J AU Spackman, JR Gao, RS Schwarz, JP Watts, LA Fahey, DW Pfister, L Bui, TP AF Spackman, J. R. Gao, R. S. Schwarz, J. P. Watts, L. A. Fahey, D. W. Pfister, L. Bui, T. P. TI Seasonal variability of black carbon mass in the tropical tropopause layer SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE-TRANSPORT; STRATOSPHERE; MONSOON; AIR AB While most black carbon (BC)-containing particles are removed in the lower troposphere in the tropics, some are lofted to higher altitudes via convection where they may be distributed globally throughout the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). Single-particle measurements of BC aerosol were made from the NASA WB-57F aircraft during both the dry (February 2006) and wet (August 2007) seasons in Central America. BC mass loadings declined sharply with increasing altitude from the ground to 5 km. In the TTL, they were up to six times higher in the wet relative to the dry season. The variability in BC mass was examined using convective-influence back trajectories to determine the source regions. The seasonal differences in the vertical profiles are explained by long-range transport of (1) low-BC air from the southern hemisphere in the dry season and (2) high-BC air from biomass-burning or pollution sources in Africa and Asia advected by the Asian monsoon circulation in the wet season. Citation: Spackman, J. R., R. S. Gao, J. P. Schwarz, L. A. Watts, D. W. Fahey, L. Pfister, and T. P. Bui (2011), Seasonal variability of black carbon mass in the tropical tropopause layer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L09803, doi: 10.1029/2010GL046343. C1 [Spackman, J. R.; Gao, R. S.; Schwarz, J. P.; Watts, L. A.; Fahey, D. W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Spackman, J. R.; Schwarz, J. P.; Watts, L. A.; Fahey, D. W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pfister, L.; Bui, T. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Spackman, JR (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway R-CSD6, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ryan.spackman@noaa.gov RI schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Watts, Laurel/G-4532-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Watts, Laurel/0000-0002-0834-3329; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; FU NASA; NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program; NOAA FX We gratefully thank the pilots, crew, and staff of the NASA WB-57F and the NASA Earth Science Project Office for the successful execution of the CR-AVE and TC4 campaigns. We also acknowledge the Fire Information for Resource Management System at the University of Maryland for the distribution of fire occurrence data from the MODIS Rapid Response System at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. This research was supported by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program, the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program, and the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 11 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L09803 DI 10.1029/2010GL046343 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 764IR UT WOS:000290623600001 ER PT J AU Min, HK Jain, P Adam, S Stiles, MD AF Min, Hongki Jain, Parakh Adam, S. Stiles, M. D. TI Semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory for graphene multilayers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; GRAPHITE AB We calculate the conductivity of arbitrarily stacked multilayer graphene sheets within a relaxation time approximation, considering both short-range and long-range impurities. We theoretically investigate the feasibility of identifying the stacking order of these multilayers using transport measurements. For relatively clean samples, the conductivities of the various stacking configurations depend on the carrier density as a power law for over two decades. This dependence arises from a low-density decomposition of the multilayer band structure into a sum of chiral Hamiltonians. For dirty samples, the simple power-law relationship no longer holds. Nonetheless, identification of the number of layers and stacking sequence is still possible by careful comparison of experimental data to the results presented here. C1 [Min, Hongki; Jain, Parakh; Adam, S.; Stiles, M. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Min, Hongki] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jain, Parakh] Poolesville High Sch, Poolesville, MD 20837 USA. RP Min, HK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM hmin@umd.edu RI Adam, Shaffique/B-3264-2008; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; OI Adam, Shaffique/0000-0002-3095-9920; Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; Min, Hongki/0000-0001-5043-2432 FU NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter FX The authors thank E. H. Hwang for valuable comments. This work was supported in part by the NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter Cooperative Agreement. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 11 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 19 AR 195117 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.195117 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762LB UT WOS:000290478200001 ER PT J AU Wolff, M Gutfreund, P Ruhm, A Akgun, B Zabel, H AF Wolff, Max Gutfreund, Philipp Ruehm, Adrian Akgun, Bulent Zabel, Hartmut TI Nanoscale discontinuities at the boundary of flowing liquids: a look into structure SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID RADICAL POLYMERIZATION TECHNIQUES; SLIP; INTERFACE; MICELLES; SHEAR; REFLECTIVITY; DEGRADATION; KINETICS; BRUSHES AB When downsizing technology, confinement and interface effects become enormously important. Shear imposes additional anisotropy on a liquid. This may induce inhomogeneities, which may have their origin close to the solid interface. For advancing the understanding of flow, information on structures on all length scales and in particular close to the solid interface is indispensable. Neutron scattering offers an excellent tool to contribute in this context. In this work, surface sensitive scattering techniques were used to resolve the structure of liquids under flow in the vicinity of a solid interface. Our results are summarized as follows. First, for a Newtonian liquid we report a depletion distance on the order of nanometers which is far too small to explain the amount of surface slip, on the order of micrometers, found by complementary techniques. Second, for a grafted polymer brush we find no entanglement-disentanglement transition under shear but the grafted film gets ripped off the surface. Third, by evaluating the local structure factor of a micellar solution close to the solid interface it turns out that the degree of order and local relaxation depends critically on the surface energy of the solid surface. C1 [Wolff, Max] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. [Gutfreund, Philipp; Zabel, Hartmut] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Festkorperphys EP 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Gutfreund, Philipp] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Ruehm, Adrian] Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Ruehm, Adrian] Forsch Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier Leibnitz, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Akgun, Bulent] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wolff, M (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. EM max.wolff@fysik.uu.se RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011; Zabel, Hartmut/C-1994-2009 FU DFG [Za161-18-2]; Swedish research council [90045401] FX The authors acknowledge the help of S Gerth, H Wacklin, R Campell, J F Ankner, C Halbert, J Browning, S K Satija, G Ugur and R Steitz during the various neutron scattering experiments, M D Foster for the use of his dry box, the DFG (grant no.: Za161-18-2) and the Swedish research council (travel grant no.: 90045401) for financial support. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAY 11 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 18 SI SI AR 184102 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/23/18/184102 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 752WD UT WOS:000289725300003 PM 21508468 ER PT J AU Bennartz, R Fan, JW Rausch, J Leung, LR Heidinger, AK AF Bennartz, Ralf Fan, Jiwen Rausch, John Leung, L. Ruby Heidinger, Andrew K. TI Pollution from China increases cloud droplet number, suppresses rain over the East China Sea SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID WATER PATH; WINTER MONSOON; STRATOCUMULUS; PRECIPITATION; AEROSOLS; DRIZZLE; CLIMATOLOGY; SYSTEM AB Rapid economic growth over the last 30 years in China has led to a significant increase in aerosol loading, which is mainly due to the increased emissions of its precursors such as SO2 and NOx. Here we show that these changes significantly affect wintertime clouds and precipitation over the East China Sea downwind of major emission sources. Satellite observations show an increase of cloud droplet number concentration from less than 200 cm(-3) in the 1980s to more than 300 cm(-3) in 2005. In the same time period, precipitation frequency reported by voluntary ship observers was reduced from more than 30% to less than 20% of the time. A back trajectory analysis showed the pollution in the investigation area to originate from the Shanghai-Nanjing and Jinan industrial areas. A model sensitivity study was performed, isolating the effects of changes in emissions of the aerosol precursors SO2 and NOx on clouds and precipitation using a state-of-the-art mesocale model including chemistry and aerosol indirect effects. Similar changes in cloud droplet number concentration over the East China Sea were obtained when the current industrial emissions in China were reduced to the 1980s levels. Simulated changes in precipitation were somewhat smaller than the observed changes but still significant. Citation: Bennartz, R., J. Fan, J. Rausch, L. R. Leung, and A. K. Heidinger (2011), Pollution from China increases cloud droplet number, suppresses rain over the East China Sea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L09704, doi: 10.1029/2011GL047235. C1 [Bennartz, Ralf; Rausch, John] Univ Wisconsin, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Dept, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Fan, Jiwen; Leung, L. Ruby] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Bennartz, R (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Dept, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM bennartz@aos.wisc.edu RI Fan, Jiwen/E-9138-2011; Bennartz, Ralf/F-3760-2010; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU NASA [NNX08AF92G]; Department of Energy (DOE) [ER64840]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RLO1830] FX This project was partly supported by NASA grant NNX08AF92G and the Department of Energy (DOE) Regional and Global Climate Modeling (RCGM) Program Grant ER64840 to the first author as well as by the bilateral agreement between DOE and China's Ministry of Sciences and Technology that supports regional climate research at PNNL. PNNL is operated for the US Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO1830. We thank Chun Zhao and Yi Gao at PNNL for providing the emission data used in our model simulations and Andi Walther of UW-Madison/CIMSS for his help in processing the satellite observations. The views and opinions contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 10 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L09704 DI 10.1029/2011GL047235 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 764IP UT WOS:000290623400003 ER PT J AU Carn, SA Froyd, KD Anderson, BE Wennberg, P Crounse, J Spencer, K Dibb, JE Krotkov, NA Browell, EV Hair, JW Diskin, G Sachse, G Vay, SA AF Carn, S. A. Froyd, K. D. Anderson, B. E. Wennberg, P. Crounse, J. Spencer, K. Dibb, J. E. Krotkov, N. A. Browell, E. V. Hair, J. W. Diskin, G. Sachse, G. Vay, S. A. TI In situ measurements of tropospheric volcanic plumes in Ecuador and Colombia during TC4 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; ERUPTION CLOUDS; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; MASAYA VOLCANO; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; OZONE DESTRUCTION; KILAUEA VOLCANO; HEALTH-HAZARDS; ASH PARTICLES; ST-HELENS AB A NASA DC-8 research aircraft penetrated tropospheric gas and aerosol plumes sourced from active volcanoes in Ecuador and Colombia during the Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling (TC4) mission in July-August 2007. The likely source volcanoes were Tungurahua (Ecuador) and Nevado del Huila (Colombia). The TC4 data provide rare insight into the chemistry of volcanic plumes in the tropical troposphere and permit a comparison of SO2 column amounts measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on the Aura satellite with in situ SO2 measurements. Elevated concentrations of SO2, sulfate aerosol, and particles were measured by DC-8 instrumentation in volcanic outflow at altitudes of 3-6 km. Estimated plume ages range from similar to 2 h at Huila to similar to 22-48 h downwind of Ecuador. The plumes contained sulfate-rich accumulation mode particles that were variably neutralized and often highly acidic. A significant fraction of supermicron volcanic ash was evident in one plume. In-plume O-3 concentrations were similar to 70%-80% of ambient levels downwind of Ecuador, but data are insufficient to ascribe this to O-3 depletion via reactive halogen chemistry. The TC4 data record rapid cloud processing of the Huila volcanic plume involving aqueous-phase oxidation of SO2 by H2O2, but overall the data suggest average in-plume SO2 to sulfate conversion rates of similar to 1%-2% h(-1). SO2 column amounts measured in the Tungurahua plume (similar to 0.1-0.2 Dobson units) are commensurate with average SO2 columns retrieved from OMI measurements in the volcanic outflow region in July 2007. The TC4 data set provides further evidence of the impact of volcanic emissions on tropospheric acidity and oxidizing capacity. C1 [Carn, S. A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Wennberg, P.; Crounse, J.; Spencer, K.] CALTECH, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Dibb, J. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Froyd, K. D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Krotkov, N. A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Anderson, B. E.; Browell, E. V.; Hair, J. W.; Diskin, G.; Sachse, G.; Vay, S. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Carn, SA (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM scarn@mtu.edu RI Crounse, John/E-4622-2011; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Krotkov, Nickolay/E-1541-2012; Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Krotkov, Nickolay/0000-0001-6170-6750; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; FU NASA [NNG06GJ02G, NNX09AJ40G] FX We acknowledge NASA funding for Aura validation (contracts NNG06GJ02G and NNX09AJ40G). Mark Schoeberl spearheaded the effort to intercept the volcanic plumes during the TC4 science flights. We thank Santiago Arellano for assistance with flight planning and volcanic activity reports during the TC4 mission and Cynthia Twohy for providing CVI data. The NOAA Air Resources Laboratory is acknowledged for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and READY website (http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.html). We thank R. S. Martin and an anonymous reviewer for thorough reviews that greatly improved the paper. NR 103 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 10 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D00J24 DI 10.1029/2010JD014718 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 764HZ UT WOS:000290621800001 ER PT J AU Johnson, PM Howarter, JA Stafford, CM AF Johnson, Peter M. Howarter, John A. Stafford, Christopher M. TI Time-Dependent Relaxations in Thin Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Coatings: The Role of Buried Interfaces SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE-SENSITIVE ADHESIVES; CREEP-BEHAVIOR; PEEL TESTS; INDENTATION; FILM; LAYER AB In this work, we use constant load indentation and cantilever peel of polymer films to probe relaxation events that occur due to the chemical modification of a buried interface. Hydroxypropyl cellulose films on four different chemical interfaces were produced, and the creep compliance and fracture energy of each interface was measured. Polymer films having strong interfacial interactions with the substrate, as measured by cantilever peel, exhibited equivalent compliance to bulk measurements when modeled as a thin film with a perfectly bonded (no slip) interface. On weaker interfaces, larger contact areas led to this model calculating significantly higher compliances than expected, which we attribute to debonding events at the interface. These additional relaxations at the buried interface were strongly dependent on the extent the substrate surface moieties could hydrogen bond with the hydroxyl groups present on the polymer chain. Deviations caused by debonding events were additive over time, with modeled compliance up to 250% greater than bulk compliance. By modifying the polymer-substrate interface, the strength and durability of different chemical interactions at the interface can be studied and used to design robust interfacial interactions for improved performance. C1 [Johnson, Peter M.; Howarter, John A.; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stafford, CM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chris.stafford@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology/National Research Council FX P.M.J. and J.A.H. would like to thank the National Institute of Standards and Technology/National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship Program for funding. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 10 PY 2011 VL 44 IS 9 BP 3529 EP 3534 DI 10.1021/ma2004579 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 757CE UT WOS:000290060900040 ER PT J AU Miller, AJ Lita, AE Calkins, B Vayshenker, I Gruber, SM Nam, SW AF Miller, Aaron J. Lita, Adriana E. Calkins, Brice Vayshenker, Igor Gruber, Steven M. Nam, Sae Woo TI Compact cryogenic self-aligning fiber-to-detector coupling with losses below one percent SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB We present a compact packaging technique for coupling light from a single-mode telecommunication fiber to cryogenic single-photon sensitive devices. Our single-photon detectors are superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs) with a collection area only a factor of a few larger than the area of the fiber core which presents significant challenges to low-loss fiber-to-detector coupling. The coupling method presented here has low loss, cryogenic compatibility, easy and reproducible assembly and low component cost. The system efficiency of the packaged single-photon counting detectors is verified by the "triplet method" of power-source calibration along with the "multiple attenuator" method that produces a calibrated single-photon flux. These calibration techniques, when used in combination with through-wafer imaging and fiber back-reflection measurements, give us confidence that we have achieved coupling losses below 1 % for all devices packaged according to the self-alignment method presented in this paper. C1 [Miller, Aaron J.] Albion Coll, Dept Phys, Albion, MI 49224 USA. [Lita, Adriana E.; Calkins, Brice; Vayshenker, Igor; Gruber, Steven M.; Nam, Sae Woo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Miller, AJ (reprint author), Albion Coll, Dept Phys, Albion, MI 49224 USA. EM ajmiller@albion.edu RI Vayshenker, Igor/H-9793-2013 OI Vayshenker, Igor/0000-0002-7098-3781 FU NIST Quantum Information Initiative; Albion College Faculty FX This work was supported by the NIST Quantum Information Initiative and the Albion College Faculty Development Fund. The authors are grateful to Daniel Schmidt at NIST for his assistance in photographing our assemblies, Marty Gould for machining and mechanical advice and Jeff VanLanen for aid in implementing many of the techniques presented. This work is a contribution of the US Government and is not subject to US Copyright. NR 9 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 9 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 10 BP 9102 EP 9110 DI 10.1364/OE.19.009102 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 762OV UT WOS:000290490200030 PM 21643164 ER PT J AU de Leeuw, G Andreas, EL Anguelova, MD Fairall, CW Lewis, ER O'Dowd, C Schulz, M Schwartz, SE AF de Leeuw, Gerrit Andreas, Edgar L. Anguelova, Magdalena D. Fairall, C. W. Lewis, Ernie R. O'Dowd, Colin Schulz, Michael Schwartz, Stephen E. TI PRODUCTION FLUX OF SEA SPRAY AEROSOL SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID CENTRAL ARCTIC-OCEAN; SIZE-SEGREGATED SIMULATION; SURFACE MICROWAVE EMISSION; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; PRIMARY MARINE AEROSOL; WAVE-FIELD CONDITIONS; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; NORTH POLAR WATERS; WHITECAP COVERAGE; BREAKING WAVES AB Knowledge of the size- and composition-dependent production flux of primary sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles and its dependence on environmental variables is required for modeling cloud microphysical properties and aerosol radiative influences, interpreting measurements of particulate matter in coastal areas and its relation to air quality, and evaluating rates of uptake and reactions of gases in sea spray drops. This review examines recent research pertinent to SSA production flux, which deals mainly with production of particles with r(80) (equilibrium radius at 80% relative humidity) less than 1 mu m and as small as 0.01 mu m. Production of sea spray particles and its dependence on controlling factors has been investigated in laboratory studies that have examined the dependences on water temperature, salinity, and the presence of organics and in field measurements with micrometeorological techniques that use newly developed fast optical particle sizers. Extensive measurements show that water-insoluble organic matter contributes substantially to the composition of SSA particles with r(80) < 0.25 mu m and, in locations with high biological activity, can be the dominant constituent. Order-of-magnitude variation remains in estimates of the size-dependent production flux per white area, the quantity central to formulations of the production flux based on the whitecap method. This variation indicates that the production flux may depend on quantities such as the volume flux of air bubbles to the surface that are not accounted for in current models. Variation in estimates of the whitecap fraction as a function of wind speed contributes additional, comparable uncertainty to production flux estimates. C1 [de Leeuw, Gerrit] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Climate Change Unit, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [de Leeuw, Gerrit] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [de Leeuw, Gerrit] TNO Built Environm & Geosci, Dept Air Qual & Climate, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Andreas, Edgar L.] NW Res Associates Inc, Seattle Div, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. [Anguelova, Magdalena D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fairall, C. W.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lewis, Ernie R.; Schwartz, Stephen E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [O'Dowd, Colin] Natl Univ Ireland, Ctr Climate & Air Pollut Studies, Environm Change Inst, Galway, Ireland. [O'Dowd, Colin] Natl Univ Ireland, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland. [Schulz, Michael] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP de Leeuw, G (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, Climate Change Unit, Erik Palmenin Aukio 1, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. EM gerrit.leeuw@fmi.fi RI Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008; O'Dowd , Colin/K-8904-2012; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011 OI Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X; O'Dowd , Colin/0000-0002-3068-2212; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158 FU EU (European Union) [GOCE-018332, SIP4-CT-2004-516099]; EUCAARI [036833-2]; MACC (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate); Irish EPA and HEA PRTLI4 program; U.S. Office of Naval Research [N000140810411, 61153N]; U.S. Department of Energy (Office of Science, OBER) [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; NOAA's (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Office of Climate Observations; NOAA FX The work of G. de Leeuw and C. O'Dowd was supported by the EU (European Union) FP6 projects MAP (Marine Aerosol Production, project GOCE-018332), EUCAARI (European Integrated Project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions) project 036833-2, and MACC (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate: FP7 Collaborative Project). Work by C. O'Dowd was further supported by the Irish EPA and HEA PRTLI4 program and the EU FP6 project GEMS (Global and Regional Earth-System (Atmosphere) Monitoring Using Satellite and In Situ Data, contract SIP4-CT-2004-516099). The U.S. Office of Naval Research supported E. Andreas's work on this project with award N000140810411. Work by E. R. Lewis and S. E. Schwartz was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research Program (Office of Science, OBER, contract DE-AC02-98CH10886). Work by M. D. Anguelova was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research, NRL program element 61153N. Work by C. W. Fairall was supported by NOAA's (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Office of Climate Observations and NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program. We thank three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions. NR 132 TC 132 Z9 132 U1 13 U2 109 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD MAY 7 PY 2011 VL 49 AR RG2001 DI 10.1029/2010RG000349 PG 39 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 761XS UT WOS:000290436600001 ER PT J AU Wood, EF Roundy, JK Troy, TJ van Beek, LPH Bierkens, MFP Blyth, E de Roo, A Doll, P Ek, M Famiglietti, J Gochis, D van de Giesen, N Houser, P Jaffe, PR Kollet, S Lehner, B Lettenmaier, DP Peters-Lidard, C Sivapalan, M Sheffield, J Wade, A Whitehead, P AF Wood, Eric F. Roundy, Joshua K. Troy, Tara J. van Beek, L. P. H. Bierkens, Marc F. P. Blyth, Eleanor de Roo, Ad Doell, Petra Ek, Mike Famiglietti, James Gochis, David van de Giesen, Nick Houser, Paul Jaffe, Peter R. Kollet, Stefan Lehner, Bernhard Lettenmaier, Dennis P. Peters-Lidard, Christa Sivapalan, Murugesu Sheffield, Justin Wade, Andrew Whitehead, Paul TI Hyperresolution global land surface modeling: Meeting a grand challenge for monitoring Earth's terrestrial water SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SOURCE ASSESSMENT; NITROGEN MODEL; CATCHMENTS INCA; PART I; INUNDATION; EQUATIONS; HYDROLOGY; FLOW; CONSEQUENCES; SIMULATION AB Monitoring Earth's terrestrial water conditions is critically important to many hydrological applications such as global food production; assessing water resources sustainability; and flood, drought, and climate change prediction. These needs have motivated the development of pilot monitoring and prediction systems for terrestrial hydrologic and vegetative states, but to date only at the rather coarse spatial resolutions (similar to 10-100 km) over continental to global domains. Adequately addressing critical water cycle science questions and applications requires systems that are implemented globally at much higher resolutions, on the order of 1 km, resolutions referred to as hyperresolution in the context of global land surface models. This opinion paper sets forth the needs and benefits for a system that would monitor and predict the Earth's terrestrial water, energy, and biogeochemical cycles. We discuss six major challenges in developing a system: improved representation of surface-subsurface interactions due to fine-scale topography and vegetation; improved representation of land-atmospheric interactions and resulting spatial information on soil moisture and evapotranspiration; inclusion of water quality as part of the biogeochemical cycle; representation of human impacts from water management; utilizing massively parallel computer systems and recent computational advances in solving hyperresolution models that will have up to 10(9) unknowns; and developing the required in situ and remote sensing global data sets. We deem the development of a global hyperresolution model for monitoring the terrestrial water, energy, and biogeochemical cycles a "grand challenge" to the community, and we call upon the international hydrologic community and the hydrological science support infrastructure to endorse the effort. C1 [Wood, Eric F.; Roundy, Joshua K.; Troy, Tara J.; Jaffe, Peter R.; Sheffield, Justin] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [van Beek, L. P. H.; Bierkens, Marc F. P.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Phys Geog, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. [Blyth, Eleanor] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England. [de Roo, Ad] European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Doell, Petra] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Phys Geog, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. [Ek, Mike] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Famiglietti, James] Univ Calif Irvine, UC Ctr Hydrol Modeling, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Gochis, David] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Houser, Paul] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & GeoInformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Kollet, Stefan] Univ Bonn, Inst Meteorol, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Lehner, Bernhard] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Peters-Lidard, Christa] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sivapalan, Murugesu] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [van de Giesen, Nick] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Water Management, NL-2628 CN Delft, Netherlands. [Wade, Andrew] Univ Reading, Sch Human & Environm Sci, Reading RG6 6DW, Berks, England. [Whitehead, Paul] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. RP Wood, EF (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM efwood@princeton.edu RI Doll, Petra/A-3784-2009; Blyth, Eleanor/A-4010-2009; Sivapalan, Murugesu/A-3538-2008; Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012; van de Giesen, Nick/B-5010-2008; Houser, Paul/J-9515-2013; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011; Roundy, Joshua/H-9377-2016; van Beek, Rens/B-4904-2014 OI Doll, Petra/0000-0003-2238-4546; Sivapalan, Murugesu/0000-0003-3004-3530; Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876; van de Giesen, Nick/0000-0002-7200-3353; Houser, Paul/0000-0002-2991-0441; lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327; Roundy, Joshua/0000-0003-0328-3248; van Beek, Rens/0000-0002-4758-108X FU Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies FX This paper evolved from a workshop titled "Meeting a Grand Challenge to Hydrology: The Global Monitoring of Earth's Terrestrial Water" organized by the first author and held at Princeton University 15-17 March 2010. Funding for this exploratory workshop came from the Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies, the support of which is gratefully acknowledged. We also wish to thank Patricia Zimmer of PIIRS, who helped with the seminar arrangements. NR 39 TC 172 Z9 174 U1 22 U2 134 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 6 PY 2011 VL 47 AR W05301 DI 10.1029/2010WR010090 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 761QM UT WOS:000290412700003 ER PT J AU Feygenson, M Teng, X Inderhees, SE Yiu, Y Du, W Han, W Wen, J Xu, Z Podlesnyak, AA Niedziela, JL Hagen, M Qiu, Y Brown, CM Zhang, L Aronson, MC AF Feygenson, M. Teng, X. Inderhees, S. E. Yiu, Y. Du, W. Han, W. Wen, J. Xu, Z. Podlesnyak, A. A. Niedziela, J. L. Hagen, M. Qiu, Y. Brown, C. M. Zhang, L. Aronson, M. C. TI Low-energy magnetic excitations in Co/CoO core/shell nanoparticles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; BRILLOUIN LIGHT-SCATTERING; PAIR DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SPIN DYNAMICS; FERRITE NANOPARTICLES; EXCHANGE BIAS; COBALT OXIDE; LINE WIDTH; COO AB We have used inelastic neutron scattering measurements to study the magnetic excitations of Co core/CoO shell nanoparticles for energies from 0 to 50 meV. Above the blocking temperature T-B, broad quasielastic scattering is observed, corresponding to the reorientation of the Co core moments and to paramagnetic CoO scattering. Below T-B, two nearly dispersionless inelastic peaks are found, whose energies increase with decreasing temperature as order parameters, controlled by the nanoparticle Neel temperature T-N = 235 K, and saturating as T -> 0 at 2.7 and 6.7 meV, respectively. Similar excitations were observed in a powdered single crystal of CoO, indicating that both are intrinsic excitations of CoO, resulting from the exchange splitting of single-ion states for T <= TN. Pronounced finite-size effects are observed for the scattering from the CoO nanoparticle shells, whose thicknesses range from 1.7 to 4.5 nm. These include an enhanced excitation linewidth, as well as a response that is not only spread over a much wider range of wave vectors, but is also significantly more intense in the nanoparticles than in bulk CoO. C1 [Feygenson, M.; Yiu, Y.; Wen, J.; Xu, Z.; Aronson, M. C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Teng, X.; Han, W.; Zhang, L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Teng, X.; Du, W.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Chem Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Inderhees, S. E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Yiu, Y.; Aronson, M. C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Podlesnyak, A. A.; Niedziela, J. L.; Hagen, M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Qiu, Y.; Brown, C. M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Feygenson, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM feygenson@bnl.gov RI Wen, Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; Instrument, CNCS/B-4599-2012; Yiu, Yuen/A-4353-2010; xu, zhijun/A-3264-2013; Podlesnyak, Andrey/A-5593-2013; Zhang, Lihua/F-4502-2014; Feygenson, Mikhail /H-9972-2014; Du, Wenxin/P-9195-2014; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Wen, Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466; Yiu, Yuen/0000-0002-1466-6191; xu, zhijun/0000-0001-7486-2015; Podlesnyak, Andrey/0000-0001-9366-6319; Feygenson, Mikhail /0000-0002-0316-3265; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH1886, DE-AC02-98CH10886]; NSF [DMR-0454672]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; University of New Hampshire FX We are grateful to S. Shapiro for useful discussions, and to Jack Simonson for assistance with magnetization measurements. Work at BNL was carried out under the auspices of the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH1886 (M. F. and M. C. A.), and at the Brookhaven Center for Functional Nanomaterials under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Work at NIST is supported in part by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. Work at the Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. X. T. and W. D. are partially supported by the University of New Hampshire. NR 84 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 51 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 5 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 17 AR 174414 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.174414 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 759NO UT WOS:000290254500004 ER PT J AU Zhou, Q Porto, JV Das Sarma, S AF Zhou, Qi Porto, J. V. Das Sarma, S. TI Condensates induced by interband coupling in a double-well lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TIME-RESOLVED OBSERVATION; OPTICAL LATTICES; ULTRACOLD ATOMS; MOTT INSULATOR; GASES AB We predict novel interband physics for bosons in double-well optical lattices (OLs). An intrinsic coupling between the s and the p(x) bands due to interaction gives rise to larger Mott regions on the phase diagram at even fillings than the ones at odd fillings. On the other hand, the ground state can form various types of condensates, including a mixture of single-particle condensates of both bands, a mixture of a single-particle condensate of one band and a pair condensate of the other band, and a pair condensate composed of one particle from one band and one hole from the other band. The predicted phenomena should be observable in current experiments on double-well OLs. C1 [Zhou, Qi; Das Sarma, S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhou, Qi; Das Sarma, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Porto, J. V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhou, Q (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Das Sarma, Sankar/B-2400-2009 OI Das Sarma, Sankar/0000-0002-0439-986X FU JQI-NSF-PFC; ARO-DARPA-OLE; ARO-MURI FX Q.Z. thanks K. Sun, H. Zhai, C. Wu, and T. L. Ho for helpful discussions. This work is supported by JQI-NSF-PFC, ARO-DARPA-OLE, and ARO-MURI. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 5 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 19 AR 195106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.195106 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 759NR UT WOS:000290255000002 ER PT J AU Noh, H Yang, JK Liew, SF Rooks, MJ Solomon, GS Cao, H AF Noh, Heeso Yang, Jin-Kyu Liew, Seng Fatt Rooks, Michael J. Solomon, Glenn S. Cao, Hui TI Control of Lasing in Biomimetic Structures with Short-Range Order SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT; LASERS; COLOR AB We demonstrate lasing in photonic amorphous structures that mimic the isotropic nanostructures which produce noniridescent color in nature. Our experimental and numerical studies reveal that lasing becomes most efficient at certain frequencies, due to enhanced optical confinement by short-range order. The optimal lasing frequency can be tuned by adjusting the structure factor. This work shows that lasing in nanostructures may be effectively improved and manipulated by short-range order. C1 [Noh, Heeso; Yang, Jin-Kyu; Liew, Seng Fatt; Rooks, Michael J.; Cao, Hui] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cao, Hui] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Noh, H (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RI Yang, Jin-Kyu/E-6200-2010; Cao, Hui/F-4815-2012; Noh, Heeso/F-4803-2012 OI Noh, Heeso/0000-0002-6086-9109 FU NSF [DMR-0808937]; Yale NSF-MRSEC [DMR-0520495]; National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2009-352-C00039] FX We thank Professor Corey S. O'Hern and Carl Schreck for useful discussion and computer generation of the amorphous patterns. This work is funded by NSF Grant No. DMR-0808937 and by seed funding from the Yale NSF-MRSEC (DMR-0520495). J.-K. Yang acknowledges the support of the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant No. NRF-2009-352-C00039. NR 31 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 5 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 18 AR 183901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.183901 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 759NL UT WOS:000290254000002 PM 21635086 ER PT J AU Bollinger, JJ AF Bollinger, John J. TI METROLOGY Filtering noise with a quantum probe SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bollinger, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.bollinger@boulder.nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 5 PY 2011 VL 473 IS 7345 BP 39 EP 40 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 759CQ UT WOS:000290218300025 PM 21544140 ER PT J AU Peterson, VK Brown, CM Liu, Y Kepert, CJ AF Peterson, Vanessa K. Brown, Craig M. Liu, Yun Kepert, Cameron J. TI Structural Study of D-2 within the Trimodal Pore System of a Metal Organic Framework SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ZEOLITIC IMIDAZOLATE FRAMEWORKS; POROUS COORDINATION POLYMER; NEGATIVE THERMAL-EXPANSION; HYDROGEN ADSORPTION; SORPTION PROPERTIES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CU-BTC; ADSORBED HYDROGEN; ORIENTED GROWTH; SMALL MOLECULES AB D-2 loaded to saturation at 25 K into the porous coordination framework Cu-3(1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)(2) was studied using neutron powder diffraction. A saturation loading equivalent to 6.1 wt % H-2 is reached at 25 K. D-2 is located at up to nine distinct sites with six stable at saturation and three "metastable" sites at doses intermediate to saturation. Filling of the trimodal pore system is complex, and a concentration dependency on the optimal D-2 arrangement is noted. A dynamic rearrangement of the D-2 in the pores to a cubic-closed packed equilibrium structure occurs at doses close to saturation, with 4 D-2 molecules arranged tetrahedrally in the smallest pore, 32 D-2 arranged in a truncated octahedron with capped hexagonal faces in the intermediate sized pore, and 48 D-2 arranged in a face-capped rhombic dodecahedron in the largest pore. The equilibrium structure of D-2 in the largest pore at doses close to and at saturation was found to be the same arrangement that is optimal for 48 circles on a sphere. The structural response of the framework to D-2 adsorption is dependent on the amount of D-2, where the host lattice expands with increasing amount of adsorbed D-2 at low and high D-2 doses, and contracts upon adsorption of intermediate amounts of D-2, commensurate with the known flexibility exhibited by this framework. C1 [Peterson, Vanessa K.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. [Brown, Craig M.; Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Kepert, Cameron J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Peterson, VK (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. EM vanessa.peterson@ansto.gov.au RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 FU U.S. DOE within the Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence; American Chemical Society FX Work at NIST was partially supported by the U.S. DOE within the Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence. CJ.K acknowledges the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund for partial support of this research. NR 70 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAY 5 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 17 BP 8851 EP 8857 DI 10.1021/jp2010937 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 754AU UT WOS:000289824200049 ER PT J AU Trivelpiece, WZ Hinke, JT Miller, AK Reiss, CS Trivelpiece, SG Watters, GM AF Trivelpiece, Wayne Z. Hinke, Jefferson T. Miller, Aileen K. Reiss, Christian S. Trivelpiece, Susan G. Watters, George M. TI Variability in krill biomass links harvesting and climate warming to penguin population changes in Antarctica SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID KING-GEORGE-ISLAND; SOUTH-SHETLAND ISLANDS; CHINSTRAP PENGUINS; PYGOSCELIS-ANTARCTICA; SEA-ICE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ORKNEY ISLANDS; PENINSULA; ADELIE; WHALES AB The West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) and adjacent Scotia Sea support abundant wildlife populations, many of which were nearly extirpated by humans. This region is also among the fastest-warming areas on the planet, with 5-6 degrees C increases in mean winter air temperatures and associated decreases in winter sea-ice cover. These biological and physical perturbations have affected the ecosystem profoundly. One hypothesis guiding ecological interpretations of changes in top predator populations in this region, the "sea-ice hypothesis," proposes that reductions in winter sea ice have led directly to declines in "ice-loving" species by decreasing their winter habitat, while populations of "ice-avoiding" species have increased. However, 30 y of field studies and recent surveys of penguins throughout the WAP and Scotia Sea demonstrate this mechanism is not controlling penguin populations; populations of both ice-loving Adelie and ice-avoiding chinstrap penguins have declined significantly. We argue in favor of an alternative, more robust hypothesis that attributes both increases and decreases in penguin populations to changes in the abundance of their main prey, Antarctic krill. Unlike many other predators in this region, Adelie and chinstrap penguins were never directly harvested by man; thus, their population trajectories track the impacts of biological and environmental changes in this ecosystem. Linking trends in penguin abundance with trends in krill biomass explains why populations of Adelie and chinstrap penguins increased after competitors (fur seals, baleen whales, and some fishes) were nearly extirpated in the 19th to mid-20th centuries and currently are decreasing in response to climate change. C1 [Trivelpiece, Wayne Z.; Hinke, Jefferson T.; Miller, Aileen K.; Reiss, Christian S.; Trivelpiece, Susan G.; Watters, George M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Hinke, Jefferson T.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Trivelpiece, WZ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Wayne.Trivelpiece@noaa.gov FU NOAA; National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs; Pew Charitable Trusts; Oceanites Foundation FX This research was conducted as part of the US Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). It was supported by the NOAA and by several grants from the National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs. Further support and assistance was provided by the Lenfest Ocean Program of the Pew Charitable Trusts and the Oceanites Foundation. NR 46 TC 145 Z9 146 U1 20 U2 181 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 3 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 18 BP 7625 EP 7628 DI 10.1073/pnas.1016560108 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 758YF UT WOS:000290203100069 PM 21482793 ER PT J AU Wilking, JN Chang, CB Fryd, MM Porcar, L Mason, TG AF Wilking, James N. Chang, Connie B. Fryd, Michael M. Porcar, Lionel Mason, Thomas G. TI Shear-Induced Disruption of Dense Nanoemulsion Gels SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID FLUID STRESSES; EMULSIONS; BREAKUP AB The structural evolution and rheology of dense nanoemulsion gels, which have been formed by creating strong attractions between slippery nano-droplets, are explored as a function of steady shear rate using rheological small-angle neutron scattering (rheo-SANS). For applied stresses above the yield stress of the gel, the network yields, fracturing into aggregates that break and reform as they tumble and interact in the shear flow. The average aggregate size decreases with increasing shear rate; meanwhile, droplet rearrangements within the clusters, allowed by the slippery nature of the attractive interaction, increase the local density within the aggregates. At the highest shear rates, all clusters disaggregate completely into individual droplets. C1 [Wilking, James N.; Chang, Connie B.; Fryd, Michael M.; Mason, Thomas G.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Mason, Thomas G.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Mason, Thomas G.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mason, TG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, 607 Charles E Young Dr E, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM mason@chem.ucla.edu NR 19 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 3 PY 2011 VL 27 IS 9 BP 5204 EP 5210 DI 10.1021/la200021r PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 753CN UT WOS:000289742500006 PM 21469673 ER PT J AU Larson, DJ Prosa, TJ Geiser, BP Egelhoff, WF AF Larson, D. J. Prosa, T. J. Geiser, B. P. Egelhoff, W. F., Jr. TI Effect of analysis direction on the measurement of interfacial mixing in thin metal layers with atom probe tomography SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd International Field Emission Symposium CY JUL 05-08, 2010 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA DE Atom probe tomography; Thin films; Chemical intermixing ID SPECIMEN PREPARATION; RECONSTRUCTION; MULTILAYERS; SYSTEM; FIB AB The accuracy and precision of thin-film interfacial mixing as measured with atom probe tomography (APT) are assessed by considering experimental and simulated field-evaporation of a Co/Cu/Co multilayer structure. Reconstructions were performed using constant shank angle and Z-scale reordering algorithms. Reconstruction of simulated data (zero intermixing) results in a 10-90% intermixing width of similar to 0.2 nm while experiential intermixing (measured from multiple runs) was 0.47 +/- 0.19 and 0.49 +/- 0.10 nm for Co-on-Cu and Cu-on-Co interfaces. respectively. The experimental data were collected in analysis orientations both parallel and anti-parallel to film growth direction and the impact of this on the interfacial mixing measurements is discussed. It is proposed that the resolution of such AFT measurements is limited by the combination of specimen shape and reconstruction algorithms rather than by an inherent instrumentation limit. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Larson, D. J.] Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. [Larson, D. J.; Prosa, T. J.; Geiser, B. P.] Cameca Instruments Inc, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Egelhoff, W. F., Jr.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Larson, DJ (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. EM David.Larson@ametek.com FU Corpus Christi College, Oxford, UK FX Drs. E.A. Marquis, D. Saxey, B. Gault, G. Hughes, C.R.M. Grovenor, and G.D.W. Smith (University of Oxford), R.M. Ulfig, J.D. Olson, S.S.A. Gerstl, D.A. Reinhard, D. Lawrence, D. Olson and T.F. Kelly (Cameca Instruments Inc.) are gratefully acknowledged for helpful discussions and/or for assistance with specimen preparation. DJL would like to acknowledge Corpus Christi College, Oxford, UK, for the provision of a visiting scholarship during the period of the research contained in this manuscript. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 EI 1879-2723 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD MAY PY 2011 VL 111 IS 6 BP 506 EP 511 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2010.12.010 PG 6 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 894XN UT WOS:000300460900024 PM 21215522 ER PT J AU Peterson, MD Hayes, PL Martinez, IS Cass, LC Achtyl, JL Weiss, EA Geiger, FM AF Peterson, Mark D. Hayes, Patrick L. Martinez, Imee Su Cass, Laura C. Achtyl, Jennifer L. Weiss, Emily A. Geiger, Franz M. TI Second harmonic generation imaging with a kHz amplifier [Invited] SO OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; NONLINEAR-OPTICAL PROPERTIES; CDSE QUANTUM DOTS; CHIRAL SENSITIVITY; MICROSCOPY; LIQUIDS; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; SPECTROSCOPY; DEPENDENCE AB Nonlinear optical imaging is a powerful method for observing bulk and interfacial phenomena in time and space. Here, we present a step-by-step description of how to carry out second harmonic generation imaging with a kHz amplifier laser system and demonstrate its applicability for SHG microscopy studies of highly size-resolved colloidal CdSe quantum dots having radii of 1-2 nm deposited on glass slides. It is found that not all quantum dots are SHG active, which suggests that environmental effects and particle distributions are important for SHG activity of quantum dots. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Peterson, Mark D.; Martinez, Imee Su; Cass, Laura C.; Achtyl, Jennifer L.; Weiss, Emily A.; Geiger, Franz M.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Hayes, Patrick L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hayes, Patrick L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Peterson, MD (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM geigerf@chem.northwestern.edu RI Weiss, Emily/B-4718-2009 FU Achievement Rewards for College Scientists (ARCS); Schlumberger Oilfield Chemical Products, LLC; Northwestern Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN); Division of Chemistry [CHE-0937460]; Department of Energy Early Career Research Award [DE-SC0003998]; NSF-NSEC; NSF-MRSEC; Keck Foundation; State of Illinois; Northwestern University FX Patrick L. Hayes acknowledges a scholarship from Achievement Rewards for College Scientists (ARCS), and Schlumberger Oilfield Chemical Products, LLC. Mark D. Peterson acknowledges support from the Northwestern Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN). We gratefully acknowledge an EAGER grant from the Experimental Physical Chemistry program in the Division of Chemistry under grant # CHE-0937460 to FMG and a Department of Energy Early Career Research Award (DE-SC0003998) to EAW. FMG acknowledges support from an Irving M. Klotz professorship. The TEM work was performed in the EPIC facility of NUANCE Center and the XPS work was performed in the KECK-II facility of NUANCE Center at Northwestern University. NUANCE Center is supported by NSF-NSEC, NSF-MRSEC, Keck Foundation, the State of Illinois, and Northwestern University. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2159-3930 J9 OPT MATER EXPRESS JI Opt. Mater. Express PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 1 IS 1 BP 57 EP 66 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 875PZ UT WOS:000299046500008 ER PT J AU Chu, W Song, J Vorburger, TV Thompson, R Silver, R AF Chu, Wei Song, John Vorburger, Theodore V. Thompson, Robert Silver, Richard TI Selecting Valid Correlation Areas for Automated Bullet Identification System Based on Striation Detection SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE edge detection; firearms identification; morphology; topography; striation mark ID EDGE-DETECTION; FIRED BULLETS; TOPOGRAPHY AB Some automated bullet identification systems calculate a correlation score between two land impressions to measure their similarity. When extracting a compressed profile from the land impression of a fired bullet, inclusion of areas that do not contain valid individual striation information may lead to sub-optimal extraction and therefore may deteriorate the correlation result. In this paper, an edge detection algorithm and selection process are used together to locate the edge points of all tool-mark features and filter out those not corresponding to striation marks. Edge points of the resulting striation marks are reserved and expanded to generate a mask image. By imposing the mask image on the topography image, the weakly striated area(s) are removed from the expressed profile extraction. Using this method, 48 bullets fired from 12 gun barrels of six manufacturers resulted in a higher matching rate than previous studies. C1 [Chu, Wei; Song, John; Vorburger, Theodore V.; Thompson, Robert; Silver, Richard] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chu, W (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wei.chu@nist.gov; junfeng.song@nist.gov; theodore.vorburger@nist.gov; robert.m.thompson@nist.gov; richard.silver@nist.gov FU National Institute of Justice (NIJ) through Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) at NIST FX The funding for this research was provided by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) through the Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) at NIST. The authors are grateful to Dr. B. Bachrach of Intelligent Automation Inc. (IAI, Rockville, Maryland) for providing the bullets used in this study. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 116 IS 3 BP 647 EP 653 DI 10.6028/jres.116.010 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 805AI UT WOS:000293698000001 PM 26989589 ER PT J AU Kim, S Surek, J Baker-Jarvis, J AF Kim, Sung Surek, Jack Baker-Jarvis, James TI Electromagnetic Metrology on Concrete and Corrosion SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE corrosion; iron oxide; nondestructive evaluation; permeability; permittivity; reinforced concrete ID PORTLAND-CEMENT CONCRETE; GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; DIRECT WAVE; GOETHITE; STEEL; PERMITTIVITY AB To augment current methods for the evaluation of reinforcing bar (rebar) corrosion within concrete, we are exploring unique features in the dielectric and magnetic spectra of pure iron oxides and corrosion samples. Any signature needs to be both prominent and consistent in order to identify corrosion within concrete bridge deck or other structures. In order to measure the permittivity and propagation loss through concrete as a function of temperature and humidity, we cut and carefully fitted samples from residential concrete into three different waveguides. We also poured and cured a mortar sample within a waveguide that was later measured after curing 30 days. These measurements were performed from 45 MHz to 12 GHz. Our concrete measurements showed that the coarse granite aggregate that occupied about half the sample volume reduced the electromagnetic propagation loss in comparison to mortar. We also packed ground corrosion samples and commercially available iron-oxide powders into a transmission-line waveguide and found that magnetite and corrosion sample spectra are similar, with a feature between 0.5 GHz and 2 GHz that may prove useful for quantifying corrosion. We also performed reflection (S-11) measurements at various corrosion surfaces and in loose powders from 45 MHz to 50 GHz. These results are a first step towards quantifying rebar corrosion in concrete. C1 [Kim, Sung; Surek, Jack; Baker-Jarvis, James] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sung.kim@boulder.nist.gov; jack.surek@boulder.nist.gov; james.baker-jarvis@nist.gov FU NIST FX We thank Edward Garboczi, Bill Riddle, Virgil Provenzano, Denis Legolvan, Tom Siewert and Chriss Hammerschmidt for help and discussions within the NIST; Reza Zoughi of Missouri S&T for discussions about current NDE systems for concrete; Bud O'Connor and Von Arnold at Colorado Precision Optics for cutting and custom-fitting the concrete samples; Chuck Uplinger of Panadyne, Inc. for supplying calcined alumina powder; Jacob Emett of Cathay Pigments for supplying maghemite powder; Agilent for the "slim probe" open coaxial probe; Matt Riebe of Suburban Redi-Mix in Arvada, CO for allowing us to collect old concrete chunks; Ed Kitchen for allowing us to collect rebar and U. S. Highway 34 bridge deck samples from his yard in Estes Park, CO; and Roger Surdahl, Frank Jalinoos, and the many FHWA and C-DOT bridge and roadway engineers who discussed bridge deck NDE issues with us at either the central states office of the FHWA in Lakewood, CO or at the Turner Fairbank research center in McLean, VA. This work was supported by NIST Innovative Measurement Science research grant "Detection of Corrosion in Steel-Reinforced Concrete by Antiferromagnetic Resonance." NR 51 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 16 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 116 IS 3 BP 655 EP 669 DI 10.6028/jres.116.011 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 805AI UT WOS:000293698000002 PM 26989590 ER PT J AU Wang, LL Gaigalas, AK AF Wang, Lili Gaigalas, Adolfas K. TI Development of Multicolor Flow Cytometry Calibration Standards: Assignment of Equivalent Reference Fluorophores (ERF) Unit SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allophycocyanin (APC); equivalent reference fluorophores (ERF); fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC); fluorescence; multicolor flow cytometer; Pacific Blue (PB); phycoerythrin (PE) ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ALLOPHYCOCYANIN; RESOLUTION AB A procedure is described for assigning the number of equivalent reference fluorophores (ERF) values to microspheres labeled with a fluorophore designed to produce a fluorescence response in a given fluorescence channel of a multicolor flow cytometer. A fluorimeter was calibrated by a series of solutions of the reference fluorophores. The fluorimeter was used to obtain the microsphere fluorescence intensity, and a multicolor flow cytometer was used to obtain the microsphere concentration. The microsphere fluorescence intensity and the concentration were used to obtain the value of ERF for each model microsphere calibration standard. The procedure is described in detail only for microspheres with allophycocyanin (APC) immobilized on the surface. ERF values were also determined for microsphere calibrators for three other fluorescence channels: fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), phycoerythrin (PE), and Pacific Blue(PB). The four model microsphere calibrators provide a one point calibration for the four channels of a flow cytometer. By using software controls and changing the photomultiplier voltages, it is possible to obtain a multipoint calibration for each fluorescence channel using each microsphere calibrator. C1 [Wang, Lili; Gaigalas, Adolfas K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, LL (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lili.wang@nist.gov; adolfas.gaigalas@nist.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 8 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 116 IS 3 BP 671 EP 683 DI 10.6028/jres.116.012 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 805AI UT WOS:000293698000003 PM 26989591 ER PT J AU Levine, ZH Galloway, BR Peskin, AP AF Levine, Zachary H. Galloway, Benjamin R. Peskin, Adele P. TI RECIST Applied to Realistic Tumor Models SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RECIST; tumor size; volumetric measurement; x-ray imaging ID LUNG-CANCER; VOLUME MEASUREMENT; ELLIPSOIDS; NODULES AB RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) is a linear measure intended to predict tumor size in medical computed tomography (CT). In this work, using purely geometrical considerations, we estimate how well RECIST can predict the volume of randomly-oriented tumor models, each composed of the union of ellipsoids. The principal conclusion is that RECIST is likely to work less well for realistic tumors than for ellipsoids. C1 [Levine, Zachary H.; Galloway, Benjamin R.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Galloway, Benjamin R.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Engn Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Peskin, Adele P.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Levine, ZH (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zachary.levine@nist.gov; bgallowa@mymail.mines.edu; adele.peskin@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX Ben Galloway was supported by a Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Discussions with Joseph J. Chen and Claus P. Heussel are gratefully acknowledged. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 116 IS 3 BP 685 EP 688 DI 10.6028/jres.116.013 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 805AI UT WOS:000293698000004 PM 26989592 ER PT J AU Newbury, DE Griffin, B AF Newbury, Dale E. Griffin, Brendan TI Special Issue: Twenty Years of Joy Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging, Microanalysis, and Simulation SO SCANNING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Newbury, Dale E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Griffin, Brendan] Univ Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. RP Newbury, DE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 33 IS 3 SI SI BP 110 EP 110 DI 10.1002/sca.20243 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 801QK UT WOS:000293455100002 ER PT J AU Postek, MT Vladar, AE AF Postek, Michael T. Vladar, Andras E. TI Modeling for Accurate Dimensional Scanning Electron Microscope Metrology: Then and Now SO SCANNING LA English DT Article DE SEM; Monte Carlo modeling; metrology; accuracy; critical dimensions; electron-solid interactions ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; LINEWIDTH MEASUREMENT; ACCELERATING VOLTAGE; SECONDARY ELECTRONS; MASK METROLOGY; EDGE POSITIONS; C-LANGUAGE; SEM; SIGNALS; LITHOGRAPHY AB A review of the evolution of modeling for accurate dimensional scanning electron microscopy is presented with an emphasis on developments in the Monte Carlo technique for modeling the generation of the electrons used for imaging and measurement. The progress of modeling for accurate metrology is discussed through a schematic technology timeline. In addition, a discussion of a future vision for accurate SEM dimensional metrology and the requirements to achieve it are presented. SCANNING 33: 111-125, 2011. Published 2011 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(dagger) C1 [Postek, Michael T.; Vladar, Andras E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mech Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Postek, MT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mech Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM postek@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 73 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0161-0457 EI 1932-8745 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 33 IS 3 SI SI BP 111 EP 125 DI 10.1002/sca.20238 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 801QK UT WOS:000293455100003 PM 21630286 ER PT J AU Newbury, DE Ritchie, NWM AF Newbury, Dale E. Ritchie, Nicholas W. M. TI Can X-ray Spectrum Imaging Replace Backscattered Electrons for Compositional Contrast in the Scanning Electron Microscope? SO SCANNING LA English DT Article DE elemental analysis; elemental mapping; energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry; scanning electron microscopy; silicon drift detector energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SDD-EDS); X-ray microanalysis; X-ray spectrum imaging AB The high throughput of the silicon drift detector energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SDD-EDS) enables X-ray spectrum imaging (XSI) in the scanning electron microscope to be performed in frame times of 10 100 s, the typical time needed to record a high-quality backscattered electron (BSE) image. These short-duration XSIs can reveal all elements, except H, He, and Li, present as major constituents, defined as 0.1 mass fraction (10 wt%) or higher, as well as minor constituents in the range 0.01-0.1 mass fraction, depending on the particular composition and possible interferences. Although BSEs have a greater abundance by a factor of 100 compared with characteristic X-rays, the strong compositional contrast in element-specific X-ray maps enables XSI mapping to compete with BSE imaging to reveal compositional features. Differences in the fraction of the interaction volume sampled by the BSE and X-ray signals lead to more delocalization of the X-ray signal at abrupt compositional boundaries, resulting in poorer spatial resolution. Improved resolution in X-ray elemental maps occurs for the case of a small feature composed of intermediate to high atomic number elements embedded in a matrix of lower atomic number elements. XSI imaging strongly complements BSE imaging, and the SDD-EDS technology enables an efficient combined BSE-XSI measurement strategy that maximizes the compositional information. If 10 s or more are available for the measurement of an area of interest, the analyst should always record the combined BSE-XSI information to gain the advantages of both measures of compositional contrast. SCANNING 33: 174-192, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Newbury, Dale E.; Ritchie, Nicholas W. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Newbury, DE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg 22,Room A115A, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dale.newbury@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 33 IS 3 SI SI BP 174 EP 192 DI 10.1002/sca.20244 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 801QK UT WOS:000293455100009 PM 21638289 ER PT J AU Yazdandoost, KY Sayrafian-Pour, K Hamaguchi, K AF Yazdandoost, Kamya Yekeh Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran Hamaguchi, Kiyoshi TI RF Propagation and Channel Modeling for UWB Wearable Devices SO IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE UWB antenna; immersive visualization system; channel model; body area network ID TAPERED TRANSMISSION-LINE; LOOP ANTENNA; HANDSETS AB Wireless body area network for sensing and monitoring of vital signs is the one of most rapidly growing wireless communication system and Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) is a favorable technology for wearable medical sensors. The wireless body area networks promise to revolutionize health monitoring. However, designers of such systems face a number of challenging tasks. Efficient transceiver design requires in-depth understanding of the propagation media which in this case is the human body surface. The human body is not an ideal medium for RF wave transmission; it is partially conductive and consists of materials of different dielectric constants, thickness and characteristic impedance. The results of the few measurement experiments in recent publications point to varying conclusions in the derived parameters of the channel model. As obtaining large amount of data for many scenarios and use-cases is difficult for this channel, a detailed simulation platform can be extremely beneficial in highlighting the propagation behavior of the body surface and determining the best scenarios for limited physical measurements. In this paper, an immersive visualization environment is presented, which is used as a scientific instrument that gives us the ability to observe three-dimensional RF propagation from wearable medical sensors around a human body. We have used this virtual environment to further study UWB channels over the surface of a human body. Parameters of a simple statistical path-loss model and their sensitivity to frequency and the location of the sensors on the body are discussed. C1 [Yazdandoost, Kamya Yekeh; Hamaguchi, Kiyoshi] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol NICT, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2390847, Japan. [Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yazdandoost, KY (reprint author), Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol NICT, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2390847, Japan. EM yazdandoost@nict.go.jp RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG PI TOKYO PA KIKAI-SHINKO-KAIKAN BLDG, 3-5-8, SHIBA-KOEN, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105-0011, JAPAN SN 0916-8516 EI 1745-1345 J9 IEICE T COMMUN JI IEICE Trans. Commun. PD MAY PY 2011 VL E94B IS 5 BP 1126 EP 1134 DI 10.1587/transcom.E94.B.1126 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 790VO UT WOS:000292618700002 ER PT J AU Gadipelli, S Ford, J Zhou, W Wu, H Udovic, TJ Yildirim, T AF Gadipelli, Srinivas Ford, Jamie Zhou, Wei Wu, Hui Udovic, Terrence J. Yildirim, Taner TI Nanoconfinement and Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane by Magnesium-Metal-Organic-Framework-74 SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE ammonia borane; dehydrogenation; kinetics; metal-organic frameworks; nanoconfinement ID CHEMICAL HYDROGEN STORAGE; METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; RELEASE; ADSORPTION; GENERATION; NH3BH3; SITES C1 [Gadipelli, Srinivas; Ford, Jamie; Zhou, Wei; Wu, Hui; Udovic, Terrence J.; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gadipelli, Srinivas; Ford, Jamie; Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Zhou, Wei; Wu, Hui] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gadipelli, S (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gsrini@seas.upenn.edu; taner@seas.upenn.edu RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Gadipelli, Srinivas/A-8622-2010 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Gadipelli, Srinivas/0000-0002-1362-6905 NR 33 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 36 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 EI 1521-3765 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 17 IS 22 BP 6043 EP 6047 DI 10.1002/chem.201100090 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 779RL UT WOS:000291798700004 PM 21509838 ER PT J AU Phillips, MM Rimmer, CA Wood, LJ Lippa, KA Sharpless, KE Duewer, DL Sander, LC Betz, JM AF Phillips, Melissa M. Rimmer, Catherine A. Wood, Laura J. Lippa, Katrice A. Sharpless, Katherine E. Duewer, David L. Sander, Lane C. Betz, Joseph M. TI Dietary Supplement Laboratory Quality Assurance Program: The First Five Exercises SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; DILUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; INFANT/ADULT NUTRITIONAL FORMULA; CERTIFIED REFERENCE MATERIALS; VITAMIN-RELATED-COMPOUNDS; WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; BITTER-ORANGE AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has established a Dietary Supplement Laboratory Quality Assurance Program (DSQAP) in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. Program participants measure concentrations of active and/or marker compounds as well as nutritional and toxic elements in food and dietary supplements distributed by NIST. Data are compiled at NIST, where they are analyzed for accuracy relative to reference values and concordance among the participants. Performance reports and certificates of completion are provided to participants, which can be used to demonstrate compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practices as promulgated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The DSQAP has conducted five exercises to date, with total participation including more than 75 different laboratories and many more individual analysts. C1 [Phillips, Melissa M.; Rimmer, Catherine A.; Wood, Laura J.; Lippa, Katrice A.; Sharpless, Katherine E.; Duewer, David L.; Sander, Lane C.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Betz, Joseph M.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Phillips, MM (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM melissa.phillips@nist.gov RI Phillips, Melissa/E-8030-2013 FU NIH HHS [Y01 OD009087, Y01 OD000183] NR 73 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 94 IS 3 BP 803 EP 814 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 779KB UT WOS:000291775400014 PM 21797008 ER PT J AU Thomas, JB Sharpless, KE Yen, JH Rimmer, CA AF Thomas, Jeanice B. Sharpless, Katherine E. Yen, James H. Rimmer, Catherine A. TI Determination of Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Carotenoids in Standard Reference Material 3280 Multivitamin/Multielement Tablets by Liquid Chromatography with Absorbance Detection SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID MULTIVITAMIN TABLETS; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; HUMAN SERUM; PHASE AB The concentrations of selected fat-soluble vitamins and carotenoids in Standard Reference Material (SRM) 3280 Multivitamin/Multielement Tablets have been determined by two independent LC methods, with measurements performed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This SRM has been prepared as part of a collaborative effort between NIST and the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. The SRM is also intended to support the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database that is being established by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The methods used at NIST to determine the concentration levels of vitamins A and E, and beta-carotene in the SRM used RPLC with absorbance detection. The relative precision of these methods ranged from 2 to 8% for the analytes measured. SRM 3280 is primarily intended for use in validating analytical methods for the determination of selected vitamins, carotenoids, and elements in multivitamin/multielement tablets and similar matrixes. C1 [Thomas, Jeanice B.; Sharpless, Katherine E.; Rimmer, Catherine A.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yen, James H.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Thomas, JB (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jbthomas@nist.gov NR 36 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 94 IS 3 BP 815 EP 822 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 779KB UT WOS:000291775400015 PM 21797009 ER PT J AU Ryou, H Amin, N Ross, A Eidelman, N Wang, DH Romberg, E Arola, D AF Ryou, H. Amin, N. Ross, A. Eidelman, N. Wang, D. H. Romberg, E. Arola, D. TI Contributions of microstructure and chemical composition to the mechanical properties of dentin SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Damage; Dentin; FTIR microspectroscopy; Fracture; Strength ID ULTIMATE TENSILE-STRENGTH; IN-GROUND CERAMICS; ROOT DENTIN; FRACTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS; TUBULE ORIENTATION; BOND STRENGTHS; SHEAR-STRENGTH; DAMAGE; FAILURE; BEHAVIOR AB The influence of microstructural variations and chemical composition to the mechanical properties and apparent flaw sensitivity of dentin were evaluated. Rectangular beams (N = 80) of the deep and superficial coronal dentin were prepared from virgin 3rd molars; twenty beams of each region were nominally flaw free and the remainder possessed a single "surface flaw" via a Vickers indentation. Mechanical properties were estimated in four-point flexure and examined using Weibull statistics. Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy in Reflectance Mode (FTIR-RM) was used to quantify the relative mineral to collagen ratios. Results showed that the average flexural strength, and strain and energy to fracture of the deep dentin beams were significantly lower (P < 0.005) than for the superficial dentin. While the deep dentin exhibited the highest mineral/collagen ratio and lowest damage tolerance, there was no significant effect of the surface flaws. Weibull analyses suggest that deep dentin possesses a larger distribution of intrinsic flaw sizes that contributes to the location dependence in strength. C1 [Ryou, H.; Amin, N.; Ross, A.; Arola, D.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Eidelman, N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, D. H.] Kyungnam Univ, Sch Mech Engn & Automat, Masan 631791, South Korea. [Romberg, E.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore Coll Dent Surg, Dept Hlth Promot & Policy, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Arola, D.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore Coll Dent Surg, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Arola, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM darola@umbc.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Ryou, Heonjune/S-7571-2016 FU National Institutes of Health [NIDCR R01DE016904]; National Science Foundation [BES 0238237] FX Support for the following investigation was provided by the National Institutes of Health (NIDCR R01DE016904) and the National Science Foundation (BES 0238237). NR 43 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4530 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER M JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Med. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1127 EP 1135 DI 10.1007/s10856-011-4293-8 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 778KF UT WOS:000291701900005 PM 21455677 ER PT J AU Flaud, JM Lafferty, WJ Devi, VM Sams, RL Benner, DC AF Flaud, J. -M. Lafferty, W. J. Devi, V. Malathy Sams, R. L. Benner, D. Chris TI Absolute line intensities and self-broadened half-width coefficients in the ethylene-1-C-13 bands in the 700-1190 cm(-1) region SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE C-13-ethylene; Intensities; Self-broadening; Pressure-broadened width coefficients; Fourier transform spectra ID NU(7) BAND; C2H4; STRATOSPHERE; SPECTRA; PLUME AB Accurate individual line intensities have been measured for the five interacting bands nu(10), nu(g), nu(7), nu(4) and nu(6) of ethylene-1-C-13 using a multispectrum nonlinear least squares fitting technique. The measured intensities have been very satisfactorily fit leading to the determination of precise vibrational transition moments. A calculated spectrum accounting for the various rovibrational interactions has been generated. Such a spectrum should be useful for the planetary atmosphere modeling-community. Lorentz self-broadened half-width coefficients have also been measured for nearly 300 transitions in the strongest nu(7) band. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lafferty, W. J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Flaud, J. -M.] Univ Paris Est, UMR CNRS 7583, LISA, IPSL, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Flaud, J. -M.] Univ Paris Diderot, LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, IPSL, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Devi, V. Malathy; Benner, D. Chris] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Sams, R. L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lafferty, WJ (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Walter.Lafferty@NIST.gov FU Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RLO1830]; NASA FX All the experimental spectra for the present study were recorded at the W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for the United States Department of Energy by the Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830. The research at the College of William and Mary was performed under grants with NASA. The portion of this study carried out at NIST was supported by the Upper Atmospheric Research Program of NASA. One of the authors (J.M.F.) thanks the Optical Technology Division for support during his stay at NIST. Over many years, both Philip Bunker and Robert McKellar have contributed greatly to the advancement of molecular spectroscopy. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 267 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2011.01.002 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 778PE UT WOS:000291715800002 ER PT J AU Hougen, JT AF Hougen, Jon T. TI Approximate theoretical model for the five electronic states (Omega=5/2, 3/2, 3/2, 1/2, 1/2) arising from the ground 3d(9) configuration in nickel halide molecules and for rotational levels of the two Omega=1/2 states in that manifold SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Electronic states; d-Electrons; Crystal-field theory; Spin-orbit components; Rotational levels; p-Type doubling; Omega=1/2 states ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; LOW-LYING STATES; EXCITED-STATES; ENERGY LEVELS; NIF; SPECTRUM; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSITIONS; NICL AB In the first part of this paper an effective Hamiltonian for a non-rotating diatomic molecule containing only crystal-field and spin-orbit operators is set up to describe the energies of the five spin-orbit components that arise in the ground electronic configuration of the nickel monohalides. The model assumes that bonding in the nickel halides has the approximate form Ni+X-, with an electronic 3d(9) configuration plus closed shells on the Ni+ moiety and a closed shell configuration on the X- moiety. From a crystal-field point of view, interactions of the positive d-hole with the cylindrically symmetrical electric charge distribution of the hypothetical NiX- closed-shell core can then be parameterized by three terms in a traditional expansion in spherical harmonics: C-0 + C2Y20(0, phi) + C4Y40(0, phi). Interaction of the hole with the magnetic field generated by its own orbital motion can be parameterized by a traditional spin-orbit interaction operator AL . S. The Hamiltonian matrix is set up in a basis set consisting of the 10 Hund's case (a) basis functions vertical bar L, Lambda;S, Sigma > that arise when L = 2 and S = 1/2. Least-squares fits of the observed five spin-orbit components of the three lowest electronic states in NiF and NiCl are then carried out in terms of the four parameters C-0, C-2, C-4, and A which lead to good agreement, except for the two vertical bar Omega vertical bar = 1/2 states. The large equal and opposite residuals of the vertical bar Omega vertical bar = 1/2 states can be reduced to values comparable with those for the vertical bar Omega vertical bar = 3/2 and vertical bar Omega vertical bar = 5/2 states by fixing A to its value in Ni+ and then introducing an empirical correction factor for one off-diagonal orbital matrix element. In the second part of this paper the usual effective Hamiltonian B(J-L-S)(2) for a rotating diatomic molecule is used to derive expressions for the Q-type doubling parameter p in the two vertical bar Omega vertical bar = 1/2 states. These expressions show (for certain sign conventions) that the sum of the two p values should be similar to 2B, but that their difference can vary between -10B and +10B. These theoretical results are in good agreement with the two observed p values for both NiF and NiCl. The present formalism should in principle be applicable to NiBr and Nil, and to the halides of palladium, since Pd+ has a well isolated 4d(9) electronic ground configuration. Extension to metal halides having d(n) configurations with n < 9, or to platinum halides may present difficulties, since manifolds from the d(n) and d(n-1)s configurations may be heavily mixed, thus requiring "too many" parameters in the electronic part of the problem. Application to linear triatomic molecules may also present problems because of the large number of vibronic perturbations made possible by their four vibrational degrees of freedom. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hougen, JT (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jon.hougen@nist.gov NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 267 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 23 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2011.01.007 PG 13 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 778PE UT WOS:000291715800005 ER PT J AU Hougen, JT Merer, AJ AF Hougen, Jon T. Merer, Anthony J. TI Extended permutation-inversion groups for simultaneous treatment of the rovibronic states of trans-acetylene, cis-acetylene, and vinylidene SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Acetylene; Cis-trans isomerization; Extended permutation-inversion groups; Inter-conformational perturbations; S(1) electronic state; Vinylidene ID WAGGING-ROTATIONAL PROBLEM; STATIONARY-POINTS; TUNNELING PROBLEM; SYMMETRY GROUPS; ENERGY-LEVELS; MOLECULES; HYDRAZINE; MICROWAVE; SPECTRUM; SURFACE AB The electronic ground state potential surface of acetylene (H-C C-H) has a minimum at the linear conformation, but the excited electronic states may have potential minima at a variety of nonlinear equilibrium shapes. This work is concerned with the group theoretical ideas necessary to treat simultaneously the symmetry properties of rovibronic states associated with three different planar acetylene equilibrium configurations, namely trans bent acetylene, cis bent acetylene, and vinylidene (H(2)C=C). We make use of three different kinds of groups: (i) point groups, (ii) permutation-inversion (PI) groups, and (iii) extended PI groups. The PI group is G(4) or G(8), depending on whether C H bond breaking is impossible (no bent acetylene <-> vinylidene interconversion) or possible. The extended PI groups are G(4)((2)) and G(8)((2)), respectively, when the only large amplitude motions are the CCH bends at each end of the molecule, and G(4)((8)) and G(8)((8)), respectively, when internal rotation is added as a third large amplitude motion. Applied to acetylene, the results indicate that there will be no splittings of the rovibronic levels unless CH bond breaking occurs. Even without bond breaking, however, states of the cis and trans isomers just below their interconversion barrier will show "staggerings" in their K-structures, i.e., a given vibrational level will have three tunneling components at slightly different energies: one component will have levels with K = 4n only (where n is an integer), a second component will have levels with K = 4n + 2 only, and the third will have only odd-K levels. New experimental results for the S(1)-cis electronic state of acetylene [21] are reviewed, and are found to be consistent with the group theory in so far as comparison is possible. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hougen, Jon T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Merer, Anthony J.] Acad Sinica, Inst Atom & Mol Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Merer, Anthony J.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Hougen, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jon.hougen@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 267 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 200 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2011.03.020 PG 22 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 778PE UT WOS:000291715800029 ER PT J AU Goldberg, L Lide, B Lowry, S Massett, HA O'Connell, T Preece, J Quesenbery, W Shneiderman, B AF Goldberg, Larry Lide, Bettijoyce Lowry, Svetlana Massett, Holly A. O'Connell, Trisha Preece, Jennifer Quesenbery, Whitney Shneiderman, Ben TI Usability and Accessibility in Consumer Health Informatics Current Trends and Future Challenges SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITIES AB It is a truism that, for innovative eHealth systems to have true value and impact, they must first and foremost be usable and accessible by clinicians, consumers, and other stakeholders. In this paper, current trends and future challenges in the usability and accessibility of consumer health informatics will be described. Consumer expectations of their healthcare providers and healthcare records in this new era of consumer-directed care will be explored, and innovative visualizations, assistive technologies, and other ways that healthcare information is currently being provided and/or shared will be described. Challenges for ensuring the usability of current and future systems will also be discussed. An innovative model for conducting systematic, timely, user-centered research on consumer-facing websites at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the ongoing efforts at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to promote health information technology (HIT) usability standards and evaluation criteria will also be presented. (Am J Prev Med 2011;40(5S2):S187-S197) (C) 2011 American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Goldberg, Larry; O'Connell, Trisha] WGBH Natl Ctr Accessible Media, Media Access Grp, Boston, MA USA. [Lide, Bettijoyce; Lowry, Svetlana] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Massett, Holly A.] NCI, Off Commun & Educ, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Preece, Jennifer] Univ Maryland, Marylands iSch, Coll Informat Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shneiderman, Ben] Univ Maryland, Human Comp Interact Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shneiderman, Ben] Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Quesenbery, Whitney] Whitney Interact Design, High Bridge, NJ USA. RP Lide, B (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8900, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bettijoyce.lide@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU National Science Foundation [IIS-0956571]; ONC; NIH-National Cancer Institute [CA147489]; National Institutes of Health FX BS acknowledges National Science Foundation IIS-0956571, ONC SHARP grant on Cognitive Information Design and Visualization for the National Center for Cognitive Informatics and Decision Making in Healthcare, and the Two Workshops: Technology-Mediated Social Participation and NIH-National Cancer Institute (CA147489), Interactive Exploration of Temporal Patterns in Electronic Health Records.; Publication of this article was supported by the National Institutes of Health. NR 50 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 40 IS 5 SU 2 BP S187 EP S197 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.01.009 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 754DR UT WOS:000289833200015 PM 21521594 ER PT J AU Brandt, SB Costantini, M Kolesar, S Ludsin, SA Mason, DM Rae, CM Zhang, HY AF Brandt, Stephen B. Costantini, Marco Kolesar, Sarah Ludsin, Stuart A. Mason, Doran M. Rae, Christopher M. Zhang, Hongyan TI Does hypoxia reduce habitat quality for Lake Erie walleye (Sander vitreus)? A bioenergetics perspective SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FISH; MODEL; SIZE AB In Lake Erie, the duration and extent of hypoxia (dissolved oxygen (DO) <= 2 mg.L(-1)) has increased in recent years, yet little is known on the corresponding impact on its fish, particularly the highly valued walleye (Sander vitreus) fishery. Here, we quantified the impact of hypoxia on walleye habitat quality, using a spatially explicit growth rate potential (GRP) modeling approach, which integrates the spatial arrangement of biological (prey availability) and environmental (DO, temperature, irradiance) measures. Data were collected along two types of transects: 60 km north-south transects (each sampled once during day and night) and 5 km east-west transects (sampled every 4 h for 24 h) during August (pre-hypoxia), September (peak-hypoxia), and October (post-hypoxia) 2005. Overall, the average monthly amount of high quality habitat (GRP > 0 g.g(-1).day(-1)) for walleye declined slightly with hypoxia (<2.0%); however, hypoxia appeared to enhance habitat quality by concentrating prey in favorable temperature, DO, and light conditions. In September, percentages of walleye growth rates were at the upper end of the range, much more so than during August or October. Although an understanding of walleye distributions, foraging, and growth in relation to hypoxia is needed, our results do not suggest that hypoxia is negatively influencing walleye through reduced habitat quality. C1 [Brandt, Stephen B.; Kolesar, Sarah] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Sea Grant Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Costantini, Marco; Ludsin, Stuart A.; Mason, Doran M.; Rae, Christopher M.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Zhang, Hongyan] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Brandt, SB (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Oregon Sea Grant Program, 322 Kerr Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM stephen.brandt@oregonstate.edu RI Ludsin, Stuart/F-2925-2010; OI Ludsin, Stuart/0000-0002-3866-2216; Mason, Doran/0000-0002-6017-4243 FU NOAA; US EPA Great Lakes National Program Office FX We thank all those who provided laboratory, field, or data management support, including K. Bailey, T. Bambakidis, S. Bickel, J. Cavaletto, A. Clites, S. Constant, D. Fanslow, H. Gunder, N. Hawley, D. Hondorp, T. Hook, G. Lang, M. Lansing, J. Liebig, S. Lozano, G. Maria, S. Peacor, S. Pothoven, J. Roberts, S. Sisler, H. Vanderploeg, and the crews of both the R/V Laurentian and R/V Lake Guardian. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers who provided many helpful suggestions. This work was conducted as part of the International Field Years on Lake Erie (IFYLE) program, supported by NOAA, and the US EPA Great Lakes National Program Office. Additional support was provided by the NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research NGOMEX Program, and the University of Michigan Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Research. This is NOAA-GLERL contribution No. 1586. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 23 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 68 IS 5 BP 857 EP 879 DI 10.1139/F2011-018 PG 23 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 775GD UT WOS:000291445900011 ER PT J AU Haltuch, MA Punt, AE AF Haltuch, Melissa A. Punt, Andre E. TI The promises and pitfalls of including decadal-scale climate forcing of recruitment in groundfish stock assessment SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT REFERENCE POINTS; WEST-COAST; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; FISHERIES-MANAGEMENT; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PACIFIC-SALMON; FRASER-RIVER; COHO SALMON; MODELS AB Concurrent declines in demersal fish stock abundances and shifts in long-term average environmental conditions have been well documented in the Pacific. Management advice ignoring environmental forcing of recruitment may cause stocks to be over-or under-harvested, so it is important to consider including environmental forcing on recruitment in stock assessment models. Simulation testing is used to determine the statistical power of stock assessments to identify long-term, decadal-scale environmental forcing of recruitment and the ability to estimate management reference points when the duration of the fisheries time series is equal to or less than the period of the environmental cycle. Commonly used assessment methods generally lead to lower total type I (incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis of no environmental impact) and type II (failing to detect an environmental impact when such a relationship exists) error rates. The promise of integrating environmental data with decadal-scale variability directly into stock assessments via the stock-recruitment relationship is outweighed by the pitfall of high type I error rates that are due to fishing-induced stock declines that coincide with directional environmental change. However, the impact of type I errors can be minimized by choosing an appropriate combination of assessment method and reference point estimators. C1 [Haltuch, Melissa A.] NOAA, NMFS, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Haltuch, MA (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Melissa.Haltuch@noaa.gov OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 FU NMFS [NA17RG1353, E/I-5, NA04NMF4550330] FX MAH was funded by a NMFS - Sea Grant Population Dynamics Fellowship (NMFS Grant No. NA17RG1353, project E/I-5). AEP and MAH acknowledge funding through NMFS grant NA04NMF4550330. Thanks are extended to Mark Maunder, Rick Methot, Ian Stewart, Isaac Kaplan, Jim Hastie, and Elizabeth Clarke, whose comments greatly improved this manuscript. Finally, thanks also go to two anonymous reviewers and Alec MacCall for providing rigorous reviews that improved the clarity and organization of this manuscript. NR 45 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 11 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 68 IS 5 BP 912 EP 926 DI 10.1139/F2011-030 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 775GD UT WOS:000291445900014 ER PT J AU Kramida, A AF Kramida, A. TI Recent progress in spectroscopy of tungsten SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID MANY-BODY CALCULATIONS; X-RAY-SPECTRA; BEAM ION-TRAP; ZN-LIKE IONS; GA-LIKE IONS; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; ENERGY-LEVELS; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; IMPROVED WAVELENGTHS; IONIZED TUNGSTEN AB This contribution reviews experimental and theoretical work on spectroscopy of tungsten published since the last critical compilation of the energy levels and spectral lines of highly ionized tungsten (Kramida and Shirai. At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 95, 305 (2009)). Since then, 18 new experimental studies were published, which resulted in new identifications and (or) significantly improved wavelengths of spectral lines and energy levels of Li-like through As-like and Pm-like tungsten. A few tens of theoretical studies of tungsten spectra were published since 2008. A number of them report on high-precision calculations of energy levels, transition wavelengths, and radiative rates for tungsten spectra, such as neutral tungsten, Yb-like, Rh-like through Rb-like, Ag-like, Ga-like, Zn-like, Ni-like, Ca-like, Al-like, Mg-like, Na-like, Ne-like, B-like, Be-like, and Li-like. These developments are reviewed. Based on new experimental data, systematic errors are removed from some of the earlier measurements. Some new data are obtained by analyzing publications of other authors. Based on new published theoretical data, some old experimental results were confirmed and assessed. Revised and extended tables of energy levels and spectral lines of highly ionized tungsten are presented. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kramida, A (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Alexander.Kramida@nist.gov OI Kramida, Alexander/0000-0002-0788-8087 FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy [ER54293] FX The author is grateful to J. Reader, Yu. Ralchenko, J. D. Gillaspy, and J.N. Tan for providing their data on observed wavelengths and calculated energy levels of Ca-like through Co-like tungsten prior to publication, and for helpful discussions on the details of microcalorimeter measurements. Helpful discussions with P. Beiersdorfer, J. Clementson, A. S. Safronova, and E. Trabert are also gratefully acknowledged. This work is supported in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy, grant No. ER54293. NR 106 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 18 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 89 IS 5 BP 551 EP 570 DI 10.1139/P11-045 PG 20 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 775QH UT WOS:000291476700008 ER PT J AU Bengtson, JL Laake, JL Boveng, PL Cameron, MF Hanson, MB Stewart, BS AF Bengtson, John L. Laake, Jeff L. Boveng, Peter L. Cameron, Michael F. Hanson, M. Bradley Stewart, Brent S. TI Distribution, density, and abundance of pack-ice seals in the Amundsen and Ross Seas, Antarctica SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Distance sampling; Southern Ocean; Antarctica; Ross seal; Crabeater seal; Weddell seal; Leopard seal; Pack ice ID CRAB-EATER SEALS; QUEEN-MAUD-LAND; EAST ANTARCTICA; WEDDELL-SEALS; LOBODON-CARCINOPHAGUS; OMMATOPHOCA-ROSSII; LEPTONYCHOTES-WEDDELLI; DIVING BEHAVIOR; LEOPARD SEALS; HYDRURGA-LEPTONYX AB We made three sets of population surveys of the four species of ice-inhabiting phocid pinnipeds in the Ross and Amundsen Seas between 26 December 1999 and 24 March 2000 using icebreakers and helicopters deployed from those icebreakers. We used line transect methods to survey 23,671 km by helicopter and 3,694 km by ship accounting for a total coverage of 53,217 km(2). We detected and identified 11,308 seals in 7,104 groups and estimated their abundance from estimates of densities using distance sampling methods and corrections for probability of haul out of seals derived from satellite telemetry of tagged seals. Crabeater seals were most abundant (ca 1.7 million) followed by Weddell seals (330,000), Ross seals (22,600), and leopard seals (15,000). Our estimates of abundance are difficult to directly compare with earlier estimates because of geographic areas covered and by our improvements in survey and analytical methods. Notwithstanding these limitations and with some adjustments for differences in methods, we found that our estimates of abundance for crabeater seals are similar to those from the most recent surveys in the Ross and Amundsen Seas and along the George-Oates Coast. Our estimates for Weddell seals are the first for the broad areas of pack ice that we surveyed in the Ross and Amundsen Seas but indicate that these habitats are ecologically important to this species. Our estimates of abundance of Ross seals were relatively similar to estimates for surveys in these areas in the 1970s and 1980s whereas our estimates of abundance of leopard seals were substantially lower. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bengtson, John L.; Laake, Jeff L.; Boveng, Peter L.; Cameron, Michael F.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hanson, M. Bradley] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Stewart, Brent S.] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. RP Bengtson, JL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM john.bengtson@noaa.gov FU US National Science Foundation [OPP-9815961, OPP-9816011, OPP-9816035] FX We thank the officers and crew of the RVIB Nathanial B. Palmer and the US Coast Guard Icebreaker Polar Star and the pilots and staff of Petroleum Helicopters Incorporated for their superb and enthusiastic support of our research program. S.E. Hill was the field team leader for the Palmer 11 surveys. We also thank the U.S. National Science Foundation and Antarctic Support Associates for thorough dedication in planning and logistic support, P. Yochem, T. Gelatt, M. Koski, S.F. Ackley, G.L. Kooyman, D.B. Siniff, I. Stirling, and B. Scotten for field assistance, and C. Southwell, A.S. Blix, T. Worby and an anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful comments on the manuscript. Supplemental information on haul-out patterns of seals was generously provided by A.S. Blix, E. Nordoy, T. Rogers, and C. Southwell. The research was supported by the US National Science Foundation under grants (OPP-9815961 to J.L. Bengtson, P. Boveng, and J.L. Laake, OPP-9816011 to B.S. Stewart, and OPP-9816035 to B.S. Stewart and P.K. Yochem. NR 81 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 10 U2 57 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 58 IS 9-10 BP 1261 EP 1276 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.037 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 775ZZ UT WOS:000291505600021 ER PT J AU Nagpure, SC Downing, RG Bhushan, B Babu, SS Cao, L AF Nagpure, Shrikant C. Downing, R. Gregory Bhushan, Bharat Babu, S. S. Cao, Lei TI Neutron depth profiling technique for studying aging in Li-ion batteries SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Li-ion batteries; Aging; Lithium concentration; Neutron depth profiling ID MICROSCOPY; CELL; TOOL AB During operation of a Li-ion cell, lithium diffuses in and out of the solid phase anode and cathode. Measuring the lithium concentration within the electrodes of the cell over its operational life could provide key information for understanding the loss of active lithium and the associated aging mechanisms. Concentration profiles of lithium in a cell are difficult to measure with traditional spectroscopic techniques. Here, neutron depth profiling was used to measure lithium near-surface concentration profiles along the anode and cathode strips in off-the-shelf cylindrical Li-ion batteries as a function of the aging process. A buildup of the surface concentration of lithium was found in graphite anode as well as a general decrease in the intercalation efficiency in lithium iron phosphate cathode material with aging. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nagpure, Shrikant C.; Bhushan, Bharat] Ohio State Univ, Nanoprobe Lab Bio & Nanotechnol & Biomimet NLBB, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Downing, R. Gregory] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Babu, S. S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Cao, Lei] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Bhushan, B (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Nanoprobe Lab Bio & Nanotechnol & Biomimet NLBB, 201 W 19th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM bhushan.2@osu.edu RI Cao, Lei/B-3254-2012; Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010; Bhushan, Bharat/A-9684-2013 OI Cao, Lei/0000-0003-4018-9496; Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579; Bhushan, Bharat/0000-0001-7161-6601 FU Institute for Materials Research (IMR) at The Ohio State University; National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce FX The authors sincerely thank the Institute for Materials Research (IMR) at The Ohio State University for providing the financial support for this research. The support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce is acknowledged in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. The authors also thank Profs. Yann Guezennec and Giorgio Rizzoni for providing the Li-ion cell samples and technical discussions. The authors would also like to thank Danyal Turkoglu for his support during the experiments. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 56 IS 13 BP 4735 EP 4743 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.02.037 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 776HB UT WOS:000291524000005 ER PT J AU Ren, J Kezunovic, M Stenbakken, G AF Ren, J. Kezunovic, M. Stenbakken, G. TI Characterizing dynamic behavior of PMUs using step signals SO EUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL POWER LA English DT Article DE phasor measurement unit; synchronized phasor; dynamic behavior; power grid; step test; phasor estimation; interleaving; coordinated universal time AB Evaluating performance of PMUs to verify the consistency of phasor measurements is of a great importance since it promotes the interoperability among PMUs from different manufacturers. This paper presents a set of test methodology and tools for evaluating the dynamic performance of PMUs when exposed to a step change of input signals. A phasor estimation scheme is proposed to achieve high accuracy of reference phasors. An interleaving technique applied on output phasors can equivalently increase the reporting rate and can precisely depict the transient behavior of a PMU under the step input. Four types of tests with balanced and unbalanced three-phase step signals are performed as reference signals to characterize the step responses. Three commercial PMUs are selected to perform step tests using the dynamic test system developed at NIST. A set of programs are developed based the dynamic test system to automate step test procedures. The test results are outlined at the end. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Ren, J.; Kezunovic, M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Stenbakken, G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ren, J (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM j.f.ren@neo.tamu.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU US DOC-National Institute of Standard & Technology (NIST) [A1450] FX This work reported in this paper is funded by US DOC-National Institute of Standard & Technology (NIST) under the Project A1450 titled "Standard Performance Test Protocols and Capability for Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs)." NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1430-144X J9 EUR T ELECTR POWER JI Eur. Trans. Electr. Power PD MAY PY 2011 VL 21 IS 4 SI SI BP 1496 EP 1508 DI 10.1002/etep.513 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 777CL UT WOS:000291591400002 ER PT J AU Viau, EJ Goodwin, KD Yamahara, KM Layton, BA Sassoubre, LM Burns, SL Tong, HI Wong, SHC Lu, YA Boehm, AB AF Viau, Emily J. Goodwin, Kelly D. Yamahara, Kevan M. Layton, Blythe A. Sassoubre, Lauren M. Burns, Siobhan L. Tong, Hsin-I Wong, Simon H. C. Lu, Yuanan Boehm, Alexandria B. TI Bacterial pathogens in Hawaiian coastal streams-Associations with fecal indicators, land cover, and water quality SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; Campylobacter; Staphylococcus aureus; Vibrio; Fecal indicator; Tropical streams ID NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; GULF-OF-MEXICO; REAL-TIME PCR; UNITED-STATES; VIBRIO-PARAHAEMOLYTICUS; SUNLIGHT INACTIVATION; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; RECREATIONAL WATERS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENTERIC VIRUSES AB This work aimed to understand the distribution of five bacterial pathogens in O'ahu coastal streams and relate their presence to microbial indicator concentrations, land cover of the surrounding watersheds, and physical-chemical measures of stream water quality. Twenty-two streams were sampled four times (in December and March, before sunrise and at high noon) to capture seasonal and time of day variation. Salmonella, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio vulnificus, and V. parahaemolyticus were widespread -12 of 22 O'ahu streams had all five pathogens. All stream waters also had detectable concentrations of four fecal indicators and total vibrio with log mean standard deviation densities of 2.2 +/- 0.8 enterococci, 2.7 +/- 0.7 Escherichia coli, 1.1 +/- 0.7 Clostridium perfringens, 1.2 +/- 0.8 F(+) coliphages, and 3.6 +/- 0.7 total vibrio per 100 ml. Bivariate associations between pathogens and indicators showed enterococci positively associated with the greatest number of bacterial pathogens. Higher concentrations of enterococci and higher incidence of Campylobacter were found in stream waters collected before sunrise, suggesting these organisms are sensitive to sunlight. multivariate regression models of microbes as a function of land cover and physical-chemical water quality showed positive associations between Salmonella and agricultural and forested land covers, and between S. aureus and urban and agricultural land covers; these results suggested that sources specific to those land covers may contribute these pathogens to streams. Further, significant associations between some microbial targets and physical chemical stream water quality (i.e., temperature, nutrients, turbidity) suggested that organism persistence may be affected by stream characteristics. Results implicate streams as a source of pathogens to coastal waters. Future work is recommended to determine infectious risks of recreational waterbome illness related to O'ahu stream exposures and to mitigate these risks through control of land-based runoff sources. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Viau, Emily J.; Yamahara, Kevan M.; Layton, Blythe A.; Sassoubre, Lauren M.; Wong, Simon H. C.; Boehm, Alexandria B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Goodwin, Kelly D.] NOAA, AOML, Miami, FL USA. [Burns, Siobhan L.; Tong, Hsin-I; Lu, Yuanan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Burns, Siobhan L.; Tong, Hsin-I; Lu, Yuanan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Microbiol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Goodwin, Kelly D.] SWFSC, San Diego, CA 92037 USA. RP Boehm, AB (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM aboehm@stanford.edu RI Goodwin, Kelly/B-4985-2014 OI Goodwin, Kelly/0000-0001-9583-8073 FU NSF Oceans and Human Health: Pacific Research Center for Marine Biomedicine [OCE/0910491] FX The authors are indebted to the field sampling team in Hawai'i, including Alissa Rogers, Patie Boehm, Ari Mesa, Mike Cooke, Mark Mench, and Shimi Rii. Two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. This work was funded by NSF Oceans and Human Health: Pacific Research Center for Marine Biomedicine Grant No. OCE/0910491. NR 51 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 45 IS 11 BP 3279 EP 3290 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2011.03.033 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 775YJ UT WOS:000291499100002 PM 21492899 ER PT J AU Goodwin, KD Pobuda, M AF Goodwin, K. D. Pobuda, M. TI Performance of CHROMagar (TM) Staph aureus and CHROMagar (TM) MRSA for detection of Staphylococcus aureus in seawater and beach sand - Comparison of culture, agglutination, and molecular analyses (vol 43, pg 4802, 2009) SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Correction C1 [Goodwin, K. D.] NOAA, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Pobuda, M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Goodwin, KD (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM kelly.goodwin@noaa.gov RI Goodwin, Kelly/B-4985-2014 OI Goodwin, Kelly/0000-0001-9583-8073 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 45 IS 11 BP 3550 EP 3550 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2011.04.022 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 775YJ UT WOS:000291499100029 ER PT J AU Sapozhnikova, Y Hedgespeth, M Wirth, E Fulton, M AF Sapozhnikova, Yelena Hedgespeth, Melanie Wirth, Edward Fulton, Michael TI Analysis of selected natural and synthetic hormones by LC-MS-MS using the US EPA method 1694 SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID WATER TREATMENT PLANTS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; WASTE-WATER; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; SURFACE-WATER; IN-VITRO; PHARMACEUTICALS AB The US EPA Method 1694 (which is specific to the analysis of pharmaceuticals and personal care products) was evaluated for analysis of selected hormones: 17 alpha- and 17 beta-estradiol, estriol, estrone, 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol, diethylstilbestrol, equilin, equilenin, testosterone, progesterone and norgestrel in filtered sewage influent/effluent and seawater. The extraction of hormones from fortified water matrices with HLB Oasis solid phase extraction cartridges resulted in good recovery efficiencies: 86-113% for seawater and 80-114% for sewage samples with a relative standard deviation of 6-16% (seawater) and 7-14% (wastewater). Natural and synthetic estrogens (17 alpha- and 17 beta-estradiol, estriol, estrone, 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol, diethylstilbestrol, equilin, equilenin) were separated with a Gemini-NX C18 (Phenomenex, Inc.) column and detected by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) in negative ElectroSpray Ionization (ESI) multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Three other hormones (testosterone, progesterone and norgestrel) were separated using an Xterra MS C18 (Waters Corp.) column along with the Group I compounds of the EPA Method 1694 and detected by MS-MS in ESI positive mode. Most compounds were quantified by isotope dilution with matched labeled internal standards. The method was applied to the analysis of effluent and influent from wastewater treatment facilities in South Carolina, USA, and surface seawater samples from Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. Only estrone was detected in surface seawater at a concentration of 0.5 ng L(-1), which was below the method reporting limit of 1 ng L(-1). Estriol, estrone and testosterone were found in influent samples at 155-179 ng L(-1), 27-28 ng L(-1) and 41-49 ng L(-1), respectively. The estrone concentration was 24 ng L(-1) in an effluent sample from one of the treatment plants. This study demonstrates that the US EPA Method 1694 can be successfully used for the analysis of natural and synthetic hormones along with the pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) currently listed in the method. C1 [Sapozhnikova, Yelena] JHT Inc, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Sapozhnikova, Yelena; Wirth, Edward; Fulton, Michael] NCCOS, NOS, NOAA, Ctr Human Hlth Risk,Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Sapozhnikova, Yelena; Wirth, Edward; Fulton, Michael] NCCOS, NOS, NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Hedgespeth, Melanie] Coll Charleston, Grad Program Marine Biol, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Sapozhnikova, Y (reprint author), JHT Inc, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. OI Hedgespeth, Melanie/0000-0002-3683-3114 NR 41 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 60 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PD MAY PY 2011 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1079 EP 1086 DI 10.1039/c0ay00748j PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA 772LS UT WOS:000291236000009 ER PT J AU Yu, LL Verdon, CP Davis, WC Turk, GC Caldwell, KL Jones, RL Buckley, B Xie, RM AF Yu, Lee L. Verdon, Carl P. Davis, W. Clay Turk, Gregory C. Caldwell, Kathleen L. Jones, Robert L. Buckley, Brian Xie, Ruimin TI A human urine standard reference material for accurate assessment of arsenic exposure SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID HYDRIDE GENERATION; SPECIATION ANALYSIS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; MICROWAVE SYSTEM; NITRIC-ACID; SPECTROMETRY; PHOTOOXIDATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; BEHAVIOR; MS AB Arsenic is a toxic element, and the toxicity of the element is dependent on its molecular form. Accurate assessments of arsenic exposure require the measurement of a complete panel of inorganic, organic, and metabolite arsenic species in urine, including arsenite (As(III)), arsenate (As(V)), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO), arsenobetaine (AB), and arsenocholine (AC). A certified reference material (CRM) containing the panel of arsenic species in urine is needed for method validation and quality assurance of assessment measurements. Until now, such a CRM was unavailable, due in part to the difficulty in stabilizing arsenic species, especially As(III). For the first time, O(2) in the ambient atmosphere was determined to be the primary cause for the instability of As(III) in an aqueous matrix, and a procedure was developed to stabilize the panel of arsenic species in a dark, low temperature (<-70 degrees C), and oxygen-free environment. Standard Reference Material (R) (SRM) 2669 arsenic species in frozen human urine has been developed to meet the needs in arsenic exposure measurements in general and to support National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), in particular. SRM 2669 is certified for each arsenic species mentioned above at two concentration levels intended to proximate the 50(th) percentile and 95(th) percentile distribution in the US population (concentrations of As(III), As(V), AC, and TMAO in the SRM are adjusted upward of the target percentiles to be above the method detection limits). The SRM was jointly produced by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Measurements leading to the certification were made collaboratively at NIST, CDC, and Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey. C1 [Yu, Lee L.; Davis, W. Clay; Turk, Gregory C.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Verdon, Carl P.; Caldwell, Kathleen L.; Jones, Robert L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Inorgan & Radiat Analyt Toxicol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Buckley, Brian; Xie, Ruimin] Rutgers State Univ, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Yu, LL (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015 OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853 NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PD MAY PY 2011 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1107 EP 1115 DI 10.1039/c0ay00611d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA 772LS UT WOS:000291236000013 ER PT J AU Drazen, JC De Forest, LG Domokos, R AF Drazen, Jeffrey C. De Forest, Lisa G. Domokos, Reka TI Micronekton abundance and biomass in Hawaiian waters as influenced by seamounts, eddies, and the moon SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Mesopelagic micronekton; Myctophidae; Moon phase; Lunar cycle; Seamount; Eddies; Vertical migration ID TUNA THUNNUS-OBESUS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; MESOPELAGIC MICRONEKTON; RESIDENT MICRONEKTON; VERTICAL MIGRATION; MESOSCALE EDDY; NORTH PACIFIC; LUNAR CYCLE; COMMUNITY; BEHAVIOR AB Micronekton abundance, biomass, and community composition was determined from 58 Cobb trawl samples taken from 2005 to 2008 at several locations in the lee of the Hawaiian Islands. The results indicated a strong influence of the lunar illumination on micronekton abundance and biomass. This effect was evident in shallow night tows and probably was the result of lunar light affecting the nighttime depths of migrating species. The abundance and biomass of micronekton is remarkably consistent between years and areas in Hawaiian waters after the affects of moon phase are accounted for. Micronekton, principally migratory myctophids, were reduced over the summit of Cross Seamount but not Finch Seamount that has a summit below the daytime depth of most migrators. However, during a new moon, micronekton abundance over Cross seamount was similar to surrounding areas either because of altered migration patterns or because predators such as tunas cannot forage as effectively at night without lunar illumination. Species belonging to the Hawaiian mesopelagic boundary layer community were found to vary in presence and abundance between years at Cross Seamount suggesting that a consistent seamount associated fauna does not exist. Sparse sampling of a cyclonic mid-ocean eddy suggested very high micronekton abundance and biomass both in shallow waters at night but also at depth during the day. Although preliminary, these results suggest that eddies may aggregate the micronekton which probably feed on the enhanced secondary productivity. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Drazen, Jeffrey C.; De Forest, Lisa G.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Domokos, Reka] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Drazen, JC (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, 1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jdrazen@hawaii.edu RI Drazen, Jeffrey/C-1197-2013; OI Drazen, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9613-3833; Domokos, Reka/0000-0003-3297-4793 FU Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) [NA17RJ1230]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA17RJ1230] FX We would like to thank John Sibert, Jeff Polovina, Michael Seki and Richard Young for support and discussions. William Misa, Molly-Jean Martin, Katrina Loewy, C. Anela Choy, Donald Hawn and Krystle Turkington spent many hours helping to process trawl samples or assisted at sea for which we are grateful. This project was funded by the Pelagic Fisheries Research Program via Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1230 between the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA of any of its subdivisions. This paper is SOEST contribution #1821. NR 53 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 58 IS 5 BP 557 EP 566 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2011.03.002 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 771CP UT WOS:000291135100006 ER PT J AU Bosse, AW AF Bosse, August W. TI Effects of segregation strength and an external field on the thermal line edge and line width roughness spectra of a diblock copolymer resist SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; THIN-FILMS; ANISOTROPIC FLUCTUATIONS; MICROPHASE SEPARATION; INTERFACES; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS AB The author uses computer simulations to measure the spectra of thermal line edge roughness (LER) and line width roughness (LWR) in a two-dimensional, symmetric, lamellar diblock copolymer melt over a range of segregation strengths. These measurements demonstrate that increased segregation strength results in a significant suppression of periodic LER and LWR with a wavelength of order of the pattern pitch. The author also examines the effects of a chemically selective external field on the LER and LWR spectra and finds that not only does the external field suppress long-wavelength and periodic LER and LWR but also it acts to decouple interface-interface fluctuations, as measured by the interface-interface covariance. These results will prove useful for block copolymer (BCP) resist design as they highlight the ability to tune the LER and LWR spectra via manipulating BCP segregation strength and the properties of a chemically selective external field. Furthermore, these simulations will function as an important baseline model for planned diffraction experiments aimed at measuring the BCP thermal LER and LWR spectra. (C) 2011 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3581107] C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bosse, AW (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM august.bosse@nist.gov NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY PY 2011 VL 29 IS 3 AR 031803 DI 10.1116/1.3581107 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 770TL UT WOS:000291111300022 ER PT J AU Cheong, HB Kwon, IH Kang, HG Park, JR Han, HJ Kim, JJ AF Cheong, Hyeong-Bin Kwon, In-Hyuk Kang, Hyun-Gyu Park, Ja-Rin Han, Hyun-Jun Kim, Jae-Jin TI Tropical cyclone track and intensity prediction with a structure adjustable balanced vortex SO ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclone initialization; balanced bogus vortex; track and intensity prediction; spherical high-order filter ID AIRBORNE DOPPLER RADAR; DATA ASSIMILATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; NORTH PACIFIC; BOGUS VORTEX; BDA SCHEME; INITIALIZATION; FORECASTS; SYSTEM; IMPACT AB A new Tropical Cyclone (TC) initialization method with the structure adjustable bogus vortex was applied to the forecasts of track, central pressure, and wind intensity for the 417 TCs observed in the Western North Pacific during the 3-year period of 2005-2007. In the simulations the Final Analyses (FNL) with 1A degrees x 1A degrees resolution of National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) were incorporated as initial conditions. The present method was shown to produce improved forecasts over those without the TC initialization and those made by Regional Specialized Meteorological Center Tokyo. The average track (central pressure, wind intensity) errors were as small as 78.0 km (11.4 hPa, 4.9 m s(-1)) and 139.9 km (12.4 hPa, 5.5 m s(-1)) for 24-h and 48-h forecasts, respectively. It was found that the forecast errors are almost independent on the size and intensity of the observed TCs because the size and intensity of the bogus vortex can be adjusted to fit the best track data. The results of this study indicate that a bogus method is useful in predicting simultaneously the track, central pressure, and intensity with accuracy using a dynamical forecast model. C1 [Cheong, Hyeong-Bin; Kang, Hyun-Gyu; Park, Ja-Rin; Han, Hyun-Jun; Kim, Jae-Jin] Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Environm Atmospher Sci, Pusan 608737, South Korea. [Kwon, In-Hyuk] NOAA, NCEP, EMC, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Cheong, HB (reprint author), Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Environm Atmospher Sci, Pusan 608737, South Korea. EM hbcheong@pknu.ac.kr RI Kim, Jae-Jin/C-7894-2014 FU Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) Research and Development Program [CATER 2007-2206] FX This work was funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) Research and Development Program under Grant CATER 2007-2206. The useful comments from the anonymous reviewers are acknowledged. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1976-7633 J9 ASIA-PAC J ATMOS SCI JI Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 47 IS 3 BP 293 EP 303 DI 10.1007/s13143-011-0018-7 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 769SQ UT WOS:000291039000008 ER PT J AU Kang, HJ Lee, YS Lynn, JW Shiryaev, SV Barilo, SN AF Kang, H. J. Lee, Y. S. Lynn, J. W. Shiryaev, S. V. Barilo, S. N. TI Soft phonons and structural phase transition in superconducting Ba0.59K0.41BiO30 SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Superconductivity; BKBO; Electron-phonon interaction; Structural transition; Neutron scattering ID LAYERED QUATERNARY COMPOUND; T-C; SCATTERING; LUNI2B2C AB We have observed a softening of phonons and a structural phase transition in a superconducting Ba0.59K0.41BiO3 (T-c = 31 K) single crystal using elastic and inelastic neutron scattering measurements. The soft phonon occurs for the [1 1 1] transverse acoustic mode at the zone boundary. The phonon energies in this vicinity are found to continuously decrease with decreasing temperature from above room temperature. This softening stops at a temperature close to T-s, where a structural phase transition from cubic to tetragonal symmetry occurs. The overall results are consistent with previous data that reported phonon softening and a (0.5, 0.5, 0.5) type superstructure in several Ba1-xKxBiO3 systems. However, we also find weaker (0.5, 0.5, 0) type superstructure peaks that reveal an additional component to the modulation. No significant change related to the superconductivity was observed for these soft phonon energies or linewidths. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kang, H. J.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Kang, H. J.; Lynn, J. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kang, H. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lee, Y. S.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Lee, Y. S.] MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Shiryaev, S. V.; Barilo, S. N.] Acad Sci, Inst Solid State & Semicond Phys, Minsk 220072, Byelarus. RP Kang, HJ (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM hkang70@clemson.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU DOE/EPSCoR [DE-FG02-04ER-46139]; SC EPSCoR; BRFFI [F09K-017] FX The work at Clemson University is supported by DOE/EPSCoR under Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER-46139 and the SC EPSCoR cost sharing program. The work at Minsk was partly supported by BRFFI under Grant No. F09K-017. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY PY 2011 VL 471 IS 9-10 BP 303 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2011.02.010 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 770FX UT WOS:000291073500005 ER PT J AU Carlstrom, JE Ade, PAR Aird, KA Benson, BA Bleem, LE Busetti, S Chang, CL Chauvin, E Cho, HM Crawford, TM Crites, AT Dobbs, MA Halverson, NW Heimsath, S Holzapfel, WL Hrubes, JD Joy, M Keisler, R Lanting, TM Lee, AT Leitch, EM Leong, J Lu, W Lueker, M Luong-Van, D McMahon, JJ Mehl, J Meyer, SS Mohr, JJ Montroy, TE Padin, S Plagge, T Pryke, C Ruhl, JE Schaffer, KK Schwan, D Shirokoff, E Spieler, HG Staniszewski, Z Stark, AA Tucker, C Vanderlinde, K Vieira, JD Williamson, R AF Carlstrom, J. E. Ade, P. A. R. Aird, K. A. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Busetti, S. Chang, C. L. Chauvin, E. Cho, H. -M. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. Dobbs, M. A. Halverson, N. W. Heimsath, S. Holzapfel, W. L. Hrubes, J. D. Joy, M. Keisler, R. Lanting, T. M. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Leong, J. Lu, W. Lueker, M. Luong-Van, D. McMahon, J. J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Mohr, J. J. Montroy, T. E. Padin, S. Plagge, T. Pryke, C. Ruhl, J. E. Schaffer, K. K. Schwan, D. Shirokoff, E. Spieler, H. G. Staniszewski, Z. Stark, A. A. Tucker, C. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Williamson, R. TI The 10 Meter South Pole Telescope SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; STRONG ELECTROTHERMAL FEEDBACK; POLARIZATION; BOLOMETERS; ARRAYS; WAVES; SUBMILLIMETER AB The South Pole Telescope (SPT) is a 10 m diameter, wide-field, offset Gregorian telescope with a 966 pixel, multicolor, millimeter-wave, bolometer camera. It is located at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole station in Antarctica. The design of the SPT emphasizes careful control of spillover and scattering, to minimize noise and false signals due to ground pickup. The key initial project is a large-area survey at wavelengths of 3, 2, and 1.3 mm, to detect clusters of galaxies via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect and to measure the small-scale angular power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The data will be used to characterize the primordial matter power spectrum and to place constraints on the equation of state of dark energy. A second-generation camera will measure the polarization of the CMB, potentially leading to constraints on the neutrino mass and the energy scale of inflation. C1 [Carlstrom, J. E.; Bleem, L. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Keisler, R.; Leitch, E. M.; Luong-Van, D.; McMahon, J. J.; Meyer, S. S.; Padin, S.; Pryke, C.; Schaffer, K. K.; Vanderlinde, K.; Vieira, J. D.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Leitch, E. M.; Luong-Van, D.; Meyer, S. S.; Padin, S.; Pryke, C.; Vanderlinde, K.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Keisler, R.; Meyer, S. S.; Vieira, J. D.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Bleem, L. E.; Chang, C. L.; McMahon, J. J.; Meyer, S. S.; Pryke, C.; Schaffer, K. K.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, S Glam, Wales. [Benson, B. A.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Lee, A. T.; Schwan, D.; Shirokoff, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chauvin, E.] Gen Dynam Satcom Technol, San Jose, CA 95131 USA. [Cho, H. -M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dobbs, M. A.; Lanting, T. M.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Joy, M.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Dept Space Sci, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Leong, J.; Lu, W.; Montroy, T. E.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Mohr, J. J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Spieler, H. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stark, A. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Carlstrom, JE (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM jc@kicp.uchicago.edu RI Williamson, Ross/H-1734-2015; Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; OI Williamson, Ross/0000-0002-6945-2975; Aird, Kenneth/0000-0003-1441-9518; Stark, Antony/0000-0002-2718-9996; Tucker, Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [ANT-0638937, ANT-0130612]; US Antarctic Program; Raytheon Polar Services Company; NSF Physics Frontier Center at the University of Chicago [PHY-0114422]; Kavli Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Quebec Fonds de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research FX We thank R. Hills for many useful discussions on the optical design. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions to the construction of the telescope from T. Hughes, P. Huntley, B. Johnson, E. Nichols, and his team of iron workers. We also thank the National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs, the US Antarctic Program and the Raytheon Polar Services Company for their support of the project. We are grateful for professional support from the staff of the South Pole station. The SPT is supported by the NSF through grants ANT-0638937 and ANT-0130612. Partial support is also provided by the NSF Physics Frontier Center grant PHY-0114422 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Kavli Foundation, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The McGill University group acknowledges funding from the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Quebec Fonds de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies, and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. The following individuals acknowledge additional support: J. Carlstrom from the James S. McDonnell Foundation, K. Schaffer from a Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics (KICP) Fellowship, J. McMahon from a Fermi Fellowship, Z. Staniszewski from a Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN) Fellowship, and A. T. Lee from the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California, Berkeley. NR 43 TC 195 Z9 197 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 123 IS 903 BP 568 EP 581 DI 10.1086/659879 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 768NY UT WOS:000290943000007 ER PT J AU Schweikhard, V Grubisic, A Baker, TA Thomann, I Nesbitt, DJ AF Schweikhard, Volker Grubisic, Andrej Baker, Thomas A. Thomann, Isabell Nesbitt, David J. TI Polarization-Dependent Scanning Photoionization Microscopy: Ultrafast Plasmon-Mediated Electron Ejection Dynamics in Single Au Nanorods SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE plasmon resonance; multiphoton photoemission; photoelectron emission; gold nanorod; ultrafast electron dynamics; polarization dependence ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SCHOTTKY BARRIER DIODES; GOLD NANORODS; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; FLUORESCENCE ENHANCEMENT; FEMTOSECOND MICROSCOPY; 2-PHOTON PHOTOEMISSION; METAL NANOPARTICLES; RICHARDSON CONSTANT; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB This work investigates plasmon-enhanced multiphoton scanning photoelectron emission microscopy (SPIM) of single gold nanorods under vacuum conditions. Striking differences in their photoemission properties are observed for nanorods deposited either on 2 nm thick Pt films or 10 nm thick Indium tin oxide (ITO) films. On a Pt support, the Au nanorods display fourth-order photoionization when excited at 800 nm, a wavelength corresponding to their plasmon resonance in aqueous solution. A cos(8)(theta) dependence of the photoelectron flux on laser polarization implies photoemission mediated by the dipolar plasmon; however, no plasmon resonance signature Is exhibited over the 750-880 nm range. Electromagnetic simulations confirm that the resonance is severely broadened compared to aqueous solution, indicative of strong Interactions between the Au nanorod and propagating surface plasmon modes in the Pt substrate. On ITO substrates, by way of contrast, sharp plasmon resonances in the photoemission from Individual Au nanorods are observed, with widths limited only by fundamental internal electron collision processes. Furthermore, the ensemble-averaged plasmon resonance for Au nanorods on ITO Is almost unshifted compared to its frequency in solution. Both findings suggest that plasmonk particle-substrate interactions are suppressed in the Au/ITO system. However, Au nanorods on ITO exhibit a surprising third-order photoemission (observed neither in Au nor ITO by itself), Indicating that electrostatic interactions introduce a substantial shift in the work function for this fundamental nanoparticle substrate system. C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu RI Thomann, Isabell/F-1245-2014; Grubisic, Andrej/P-2717-2014; OI Grubisic, Andrej/0000-0001-8236-0007; Thomann, Isabell/0000-0002-4722-5632 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation; National Institute for Standards and Technology FX This work has been supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, with additional funds for optics, microscopy, and computer resources provided by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute for Standards and Technology. NR 67 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD MAY PY 2011 VL 5 IS 5 BP 3724 EP 3735 DI 10.1021/nn200082j PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 767AD UT WOS:000290826800038 PM 21466166 ER PT J AU Fagan, JA Huh, JY Simpson, JR Blackburn, JL Holt, JM Larsen, BA Walker, ARH AF Fagan, Jeffrey A. Huh, Ji Yeon Simpson, Jeffrey R. Blackburn, Jeffrey L. Holt, Josh M. Larsen, Brian A. Walker, Angela R. Hight TI Separation of Empty and Water-Filled Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE nanotube; SWCNT; centrifugation; separation; deoxycholate; empty; water-filled ID DENSITY-GRADIENT ULTRACENTRIFUGATION; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; LENGTH; SURFACTANTS; DISPERSION; DIFFERENTIATION; CENTRIFUGATION; ENCAPSULATION; ENRICHMENT; SUSPENSION AB The separation of empty and water-filled laser ablation and electric arc synthesized nanotubes is reported. Centrifugation of these large-diameter nanotubes dispersed with sodium deoxycholate using specific conditions produces isolated bands of empty and water-filled nanotubes without significant diameter selection. This separation is shown to be consistent across multiple nanotube populations dispersed from different source soots. Detailed spectroscopic characterization of the resulting empty and filled fractions reveals that water filling leads to systematic changes to the optical and vibrational properties. Furthermore, sequential separation of the resolved fractions using cosurfactants and density gradient ultracentrifugation reveals that water filling strongly influences the optimal conditions for metallic and semiconducting separation. C1 [Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Huh, Ji Yeon] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Simpson, Jeffrey R.] Towson Univ, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Blackburn, Jeffrey L.; Holt, Josh M.; Larsen, Brian A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fagan, JA (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.fagan@nist.gov RI Holt, Josh/G-8094-2011; Blackburn, Jeffrey/D-7344-2012; Larsen, Brian/B-4807-2008; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009; OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672; Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX J. Blackburn, J. Holt, and B. Larsen were supported by the Solar Photochemistry program of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 to NREL. NR 50 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD MAY PY 2011 VL 5 IS 5 BP 3943 EP 3953 DI 10.1021/nn200458t PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 767AD UT WOS:000290826800063 PM 21480636 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JD Glembocki, O Bezares, FJ Bassim, ND Rendell, RW Feygelson, M Ukaegbu, M Kasica, R Shirey, L Hosten, C AF Caldwell, Joshua D. Glembocki, Orest Bezares, Francisco J. Bassim, Nabil D. Rendell, Ronald W. Feygelson, Mariya Ukaegbu, Maraizu Kasica, Richard Shirey, Loretta Hosten, Charles TI Plasmonic Nanopillar Arrays for Large-Area, High-Enhancement Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensors SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE surface enhanced Raman scattering; SERS; electron-beam lithography; reactive ion etching; plasmonics; nanoparticles; plasmonic arrays; grating ID SILVER NANOPARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; THIOPHENOL; ADSORPTION; SIZE; AG AB Efforts to create reproducible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based chemical and biological sensors has been hindered by difficulties in fabricating large-area SERS-active substrates with a uniform, reproducible SERS response that still provides sufficient enhancement for easy detection. Here we report on periodic arrays of Au-capped, vertically aligned silicon nanopillars that are embedded in a Au plane upon a Si substrate. We illustrate that these arrays are ideal for use as SERS sensor templates, in that they provide large, uniform and reproducible average enhancement factors up to similar to 1.2 x 10(8) over the structure surface area. We discuss the impact of the overall geometry of the structures upon the SERS response at 532, 633, and 785 nm incident laser wavelengths. Calculations of the electromagnetic field distributions and Intensities within such structures were performed and both the wavelength dependence of the predicted SERS response and the field distribution within the nanopillar structure are discussed and support the experimental results we report. C1 [Caldwell, Joshua D.; Glembocki, Orest; Bezares, Francisco J.; Bassim, Nabil D.; Rendell, Ronald W.; Feygelson, Mariya; Shirey, Loretta] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ukaegbu, Maraizu; Hosten, Charles] Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Kasica, Richard] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Caldwell, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joshua.caldwell@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; Shirey, Loretta/B-3164-2013 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; Shirey, Loretta/0000-0003-2600-3405 FU Nanoscience Institute at the Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Doewon Park and Dr. Robert Bass for helpful discussions. We also recognize the assistance of the Center for Nanoscale Technology at NIST in Gaithersburg, MD, for the use of their facilities for the electron beam lithography required in the fabrication of the nanopillar arrays discussed. Funding for this work was provided by the Nanoscience Institute at the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 26 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 16 U2 149 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD MAY PY 2011 VL 5 IS 5 BP 4046 EP 4055 DI 10.1021/nn200636t PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 767AD UT WOS:000290826800076 PM 21480637 ER PT J AU Moore, NM Lin, NJ Gallant, ND Becker, ML AF Moore, Nicole M. Lin, Nancy J. Gallant, Nathan D. Becker, Matthew L. TI Synergistic enhancement of human bone marrow stromal cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation on BMP-2-derived and RGD peptide concentration gradients SO ACTA BIOMATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Bioactive gradients; BMP-2; RGD; Cell proliferation; Click chemistry ID MESENCHYMAL STEM-CELLS; MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-2; OSTEOBLAST DIFFERENTIATION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE; CLICK CHEMISTRY; GENE-EXPRESSION; REGENERATION; SCAFFOLDS; HYDROGELS AB Rational design of bioactive tissue engineered scaffolds for directing bone regeneration in vivo requires a comprehensive understanding of cell interactions with the immobilized bioactive molecules. In the current study, substrates possessing gradient concentrations of immobilized peptides were used to measure the concentration-dependent proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells. Two bioactive peptides, one derived from extracellular matrix protein (ECM). GRGDS, and one from bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2). KIPKASSVPTELSAISTLYL, were found to synergistically enhance cell proliferation, up-regulate osteogenic mRNA markers bone sialoprotein (BSP) and Runt-related transcription factor 2, and produce mineralization at densities greater than 130 pmol cm(-2) (65 pmol cm(-2) for each peptide) In addition, COOH-terminated self-assembled monolayers alone led to up-regulated BSP mRNA levels at densities above 200 pmol cm(-2) and increased cell proliferation from day 3 to day 14 Taking further advantage of both the synergistic potentials and the concentration-dependent activities of ECM and growth-factor-derived peptides on proliferative activity and osteogenic differentiation, without the need for additional osteogenic supplements, will enable the successful incorporation of the bioactive species into biorelevant tissue engineering scaffolds (C) 2011 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Moore, Nicole M.; Lin, Nancy J.; Gallant, Nathan D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Becker, Matthew L.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Moore, NM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; OI Gallant, Nathan/0000-0001-6454-7660 FU Innovation in Measurement Science Award in Cellular Biometrology; National Center for Research Resources of the National Institutes of Health [P40RR017447] FX This work was supported by an Innovation in Measurement Science Award in Cellular Biometrology (M L.B.). Some of the materials employed in this work were provided by the Tulane Center for Gene Therapy through Grant # P40RR017447 from the National Center for Research Resources of the National Institutes of Health The authors would like to thank Drs. Christopher Stafford, Ryan Nieuwendaal, Michael Weiger, Khaled Aamer, William Wallace and Kathy Flynn for their support in this work. NR 59 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 6 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7061 J9 ACTA BIOMATER JI Acta Biomater. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 7 IS 5 BP 2091 EP 2100 DI 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.01.019 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 764RH UT WOS:000290649500018 PM 21272672 ER PT J AU Wiederhorn, SM Chae, YH Simon, CG Cahn, J Deng, Y Day, D AF Wiederhorn, Sheldon M. Chae, Young-Hun Simon, Carl G., Jr. Cahn, Jackson Deng, Yan Day, Delbert TI Cell adhesion to borate glasses by colloidal probe microscopy SO ACTA BIOMATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Cell adhesion; Atomic force microscopy; Colloidal probe microscopy; Bioactive glass; Borate glasses ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; BOROSILICATE GLASSES; OSTEOBLAST ADHESION; LIVING CELLS; SURFACE; HYDROXYAPATITE; STRENGTH; BIOCERAMICS; MECHANISMS; SILICATE AB The adhesion of osteoblast-like cells to silicate and borate glasses was measured in cell growth medium using colloidal probe microscopy. The probes consisted of silicate and borate glass spheres, 25-50 mu m in diameter, attached to atomic force microscope cantilevers Variables of the study included glass composition and time of contact of the cell to the glasses Increasing the time of contact from 15 to 900s increased the force of adhesion The data could be plotted linearly on a log-log plot of adhesive force versus rime Of the seven glasses tested, five had slopes close to 05. suggesting a square root dependence of the adhesive force on the contact time Such behavior can be interpreted as a diffusion limited process occurring during the early stages of cell attachment. We suggest that the rate limiting step in the adhesion process is the diffusion of integrins resident in the cell membrane to the area of cell attachment. Data presented in this paper support the hypothesis of Hench et al that strong adhesion depends on the formation of a calcium phosphate reaction layer on the surfaces of the glass Glasses that did not form a calcium phosphate layer exhibited a weaker adhesive force relative to those glasses that did form a calcium phosphate layer Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc C1 [Wiederhorn, Sheldon M.; Chae, Young-Hun; Cahn, Jackson; Deng, Yan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Simon, Carl G., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Day, Delbert] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO USA. RP Wiederhorn, SM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7061 J9 ACTA BIOMATER JI Acta Biomater. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 7 IS 5 BP 2256 EP 2263 DI 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.01.014 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 764RH UT WOS:000290649500035 PM 21241832 ER PT J AU Barani, A Keown, AJ Bush, MB Lee, JJW Chai, H Lawn, BR AF Barani, A. Keown, A. J. Bush, M. B. Lee, J. J. -W. Chai, H. Lawn, B. R. TI Mechanics of longitudinal cracks in tooth enamel SO ACTA BIOMATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Teeth; Enamel; Longitudinal channel cracks; Three-dimensional finite element modeling; Bite force ID DENTAL ENAMEL; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; GREAT APES; FRACTURE; FAILURE; TEETH; PROPAGATION; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; MAMMALS AB A study is made of longitudinal "channel" cracking in tooth enamel from axial compressive loading The cracks simulate those generated in the molar and premolar teeth of humans and animals by natural tooth function. Contact loading tests are made on extracted human molars with hard and soft indenting plates to determine the evolution of such cracks with increasing load. Fracture is largely stable, with initial slow growth followed by acceleration as the cracks approach completion around an enamel side wall. A simple power law relation expresses the critical load for full fracture in terms of characteristic tooth dimensions base radius and enamel thickness as well as enamel toughness Extended three-dimensional finite element modeling with provision for growth of embedded cracks is used to validate this relation The cracks leave "fingerprints" that offer valuable clues to dietary habits, and provide a basis for a priori prediction of bite forces for different animals from measured tooth dimensions (c) 2011 Acta Materialia Inc Published by Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Barani, A.; Keown, A. J.; Bush, M. B.; Lawn, B. R.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech & Chem Engn, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Lee, J. J. -W.; Lawn, B. R.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chai, H.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Mech Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Bush, MB (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech & Chem Engn, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. FU Australian Research Council; National Science Foundation; Israeli Science Foundation; NIST FX Human teeth were supplied by Gary Schumacher and Anthony Giuseppetti (Paffenbarger Research Center at the National Institute of Standards and Technology). Access to the orangutan specimen in Fig. 3b was granted by Linda Gordon (Museum of Natural History at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC, USA). Informative discussions with Peter Lucas and Paul Constantino (George Washington University) are gratefully acknowledged. Funding for this work was provided by grants from the Australian Research Council (AB, AJK and MBB), the National Science Foundation (JJWL and BRL), the Israeli Science Foundation (HC) and NIST internal funds. Information on product names and suppliers in this paper is not to imply endorsement by NIST. NR 51 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7061 J9 ACTA BIOMATER JI Acta Biomater. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 7 IS 5 BP 2285 EP 2292 DI 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.01.038 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 764RH UT WOS:000290649500039 PM 21296195 ER PT J AU Yang, B Flaim, G Dickens, SH AF Yang, Bin Flaim, Glenn Dickens, Sabine H. TI Remineralization of human natural caries and artificial caries-like lesions with an experimental whisker-reinforced ART composite SO ACTA BIOMATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Remineralization; Natural caries; Artificial caries; ART composite; Resin-modified GIC ID DENTIN; CEMENTS; ELASTICITY; FLUORIDE; HARDNESS AB This paper compares the remineralization of human natural caries and artificial caries-like dentin lesions treated with a novel whisker-reinforced experimental composite resin (ART composite) with a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RM-GIC) as control. Ten molars with moderate natural dentin caries were prepared (N) Artificial caries-like dentin lesions were prepared in occlusal dentin of 10 caries-free molars and demineralized at pH 4.3 for 48 h (A). The cavities were restored with ART composite or RM-GIC. All restored teeth were sliced into 120 mu m sections. Transverse microradiography combined with digital image analysis was performed to analyze the change in mineral density at the same position in the specimens before and after 4 and 8 weeks remineralization/demineralization treatment The mean percent remineralization standard deviation after 4 and 8 weeks are. N with ART composite, 27 +/- 9 and 46 +/- 14, respectively: N with RM-GIC, 18 +/- 6 and 36 +/- 11, respectively: A with ART composite. 48 +/- 9 and 66 +/- 11, respectively, A with RM-GIC, 50 +/- 13 and 62 +/- 11, respectively. There was a significant difference between the ART composite and RM-GIC for the remineralization of natural caries (P < 0.05). For both restoratives there were significant differences between the remineralization of natural and artificial caries (P < 0.001). The ART composite and RM-GIC remineralized natural and artificial caries differently, most likely due to differences in the microstructure and composition of the caries dentin (c) 2011 Acta Materialia Inc Published by Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Yang, Bin; Flaim, Glenn; Dickens, Sabine H.] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yang, B (reprint author), NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU American Dental Association Foundation; National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [DE13298] FX Support by the American Dental Association Foundation, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (Grant No. DE13298) is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank Esstech Co. for the supply of EBPADMA monomer used in this study. Disclaimer: Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology or the American Dental Association Foundation, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7061 J9 ACTA BIOMATER JI Acta Biomater. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 7 IS 5 BP 2303 EP 2309 DI 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.01.002 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 764RH UT WOS:000290649500041 PM 21232637 ER PT J AU Saide, PE Carmichael, GR Spak, SN Gallardo, L Osses, AE Mena-Carrasco, MA Pagowski, M AF Saide, Pablo E. Carmichael, Gregory R. Spak, Scott N. Gallardo, Laura Osses, Axel E. Mena-Carrasco, Marcelo A. Pagowski, Mariusz TI Forecasting urban PM10 and PM2.5 pollution episodes in very stable nocturnal conditions and complex terrain using WRF-Chem CO tracer model SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE PM10 and PM2.5 forecast; WRF-Chem CO tracer; Santiago de Chile; Data assimilation; Deterministic model ID SUBTROPICAL WEST-COAST; AIR-POLLUTION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MEAN STRUCTURE; SOUTH-AMERICA; SANTIAGO; CHILE; PREDICTION; SYSTEM AB This study presents a system to predict high pollution events that develop in connection with enhanced subsidence due to coastal lows, particularly in winter over Santiago de Chile. An accurate forecast of these episodes is of interest since the local government is entitled by law to take actions in advance to prevent public exposure to PM10 concentrations in excess of 150 mu g m(-3) (24 h running averages). The forecasting system is based on accurately simulating carbon monoxide (CO) as a PM10/PM2.5 surrogate, since during episodes and within the city there is a high correlation (over 0.95) among these pollutants. Thus, by accurately forecasting CO, which behaves closely to a tracer on this scale, a PM estimate can be made without involving aerosol-chemistry modeling. Nevertheless, the very stable nocturnal conditions over steep topography associated with maxima in concentrations are hard to represent in models. Here we propose a forecast system based on the WRF-Chem model with optimum settings, determined through extensive testing, that best describe both meteorological and air quality available measurements. Some of the important configurations choices involve the boundary layer (PBL) scheme, model grid resolution (both vertical and horizontal), meteorological initial and boundary conditions and spatial and temporal distribution of the emissions. A forecast for the 2008 winter is performed showing that this forecasting system is able to perform similarly to the authority decision for PM10 and better than persistence when forecasting PM10 and PM2.5 high pollution episodes. Problems regarding false alarm predictions could be related to different uncertainties in the model such as day to day emission variability, inability of the model to completely resolve the complex topography and inaccuracy in meteorological initial and boundary conditions. Finally, according to our simulations, emissions from previous days dominate episode concentrations, which highlights the need for 48 h forecasts that can be achieved by the system presented here. This is in fact the largest advantage of the proposed system. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Saide, Pablo E.; Carmichael, Gregory R.; Spak, Scott N.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Gallardo, Laura] Univ Chile, Dept Geofis, Santiago, Chile. [Gallardo, Laura; Osses, Axel E.] Univ Chile, CNRS, Ctr Modelamiento Matemat, UMI 2807, Santiago, Chile. [Osses, Axel E.] Univ Chile, Dept Ingn Matemat, Santiago, Chile. [Mena-Carrasco, Marcelo A.] Univ Andres Bello, Ctr Sustainabil Res, Santiago, Chile. [Pagowski, Mariusz] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Pagowski, Mariusz] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Saide, PE (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM pablo-saide@uiowa.edu RI Spak, Scott/B-7331-2008; pagowski, mariusz/H-4498-2013; Mena-Carrasco, Marcelo/B-8483-2012; Osses, Axel/I-6366-2016; Gallardo, Laura/H-4370-2013; Mena-Carrasco, Marcelo/L-9730-2016 OI Spak, Scott/0000-0002-8545-1411; pagowski, mariusz/0000-0002-7703-0529; Osses, Axel/0000-0001-6833-4064; Gallardo, Laura/0000-0001-7605-3721; FU US National Science Foundation [GEO-0452325]; NSF [0748012]; FONDECYT Iniciacion [11090084]; Fulbright-CONICYT [15093810] FX This work was carried out with the aid of a grant from the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) CRN II 2017 which is supported by the US National Science Foundation (Grant GEO-0452325), NSF grant number 0748012, FONDECYT Iniciacion grant 11090084, and Fulbright-CONICYT scholarship number 15093810. We also acknowledge Ricardo Munoz (Geophysics Department, University of Chile) for providing boundary layer depth estimates based on ceilometer data and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 52 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 57 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 45 IS 16 BP 2769 EP 2780 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.02.001 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 767VH UT WOS:000290886000018 ER PT J AU Alberty, RA Cornish-Bowden, A Goldberg, RN Hammes, GG Tipton, K Westerhoff, HV AF Alberty, Robert A. Cornish-Bowden, Athel Goldberg, Robert N. Hammes, Gordon G. Tipton, Keith Westerhoff, Hans V. TI Recommendations for terminology and databases for biochemical thermodynamics SO BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biochemical equations; Apparent equilibrium constants; Gibbs energy of reaction; Enzyme kinetics; Haldane relations; Legendre transform; Standard thermodynamic properties; Enthalpy; Entropy ID ENZYME-CATALYZED REACTIONS; SPECIFIED PH; REACTION SYSTEMS; IONIC-STRENGTH; PMG; TEMPERATURE; THERMOCHEMISTRY; REACTANTS; UPDATE; WATER AB Chemical equations are normally written in terms of specific ionic and elemental species and balance atoms of elements and electric charge. However, in a biochemical context it is usually better to write them with ionic reactants expressed as totals of species in equilibrium with each other. This implies that atoms of elements assumed to be at fixed concentrations, such as hydrogen at a specified pH, should not be balanced in a biochemical equation used for thermodynamic analysis. However, both kinds of equations are needed in biochemistry. The apparent equilibrium constant K' for a biochemical reaction is written in terms of such sums of species and can be used to calculate standard transformed Gibbs energies of reaction Delta(r)G'degrees. This property for a biochemical reaction can be calculated from the standard transformed Gibbs energies of formation Delta(r)G(i)'degrees of reactants, which can be calculated from the standard Gibbs energies of formation of species Delta(f)G(j)'degrees and measured apparent equilibrium constants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Tables of Delta(r)G'degrees of reactions and Delta(f)G(i)'degrees of reactants as functions of pH and temperature are available on the web, as are functions for calculating these properties. Biochemical thermodynamics is also important in enzyme kinetics because apparent equilibrium constant K' can be calculated from experimentally determined kinetic parameters when initial velocities have been determined for both forward and reverse reactions. Specific recommendations are made for reporting experimental results in the literature. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Goldberg, Robert N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20876 USA. [Alberty, Robert A.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Cornish-Bowden, Athel] CNRS, F-13402 Marseille 20, France. [Goldberg, Robert N.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Hammes, Gordon G.] Duke Univ, Dept Biochem, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Tipton, Keith] Coll Green, Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Biochem, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Westerhoff, Hans V.] Vnje Univ, Fac Biol, BioCtr Amsterdam, Dept Mol Cell Physiol, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Goldberg, RN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20876 USA. EM alberty@mit.edu; acornish@ibsm.cnrs-mrs.fr; robert.goldberg@nist.gov; hamme001@mc.duke.edu; ktipton@mail.tcd.ie; hw@bio.vu.nl RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Westerhoff, Hans/I-5762-2012 OI Westerhoff, Hans/0000-0002-0443-6114 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/F003528/1, BB/C008219/1] NR 59 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4622 J9 BIOPHYS CHEM JI Biophys. Chem. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 155 IS 2-3 BP 89 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.bpc.2011.03.007 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA 767BV UT WOS:000290831200005 PM 21501921 ER PT J AU Barone, TL Lall, AA Storey, JME Mulholland, GW Prikhodko, VY Frankland, JH Parks, JE Zachariah, MR AF Barone, Teresa L. Lall, Anshuman A. Storey, John M. E. Mulholland, George W. Prikhodko, Vitaly Y. Frankland, Jennifer H. Parks, James E. Zachariah, Michael R. TI Size-Resolved Density Measurements of Particle Emissions from an Advanced Combustion Diesel Engine: Effect of Aggregate Morphology SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYZER; MASS ANALYZER; VOLUME DISTRIBUTIONS; OPERATING-CONDITIONS; ONLINE MEASUREMENT; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SURFACE-AREA; SOOT; NANOPARTICLES; OXIDATION AB We report the first in situ size-resolved density measurements of particles produced by premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion and compare these with conventional diesel exhaust particles. The effective densities (rho(eff)) of size-classified particles were determined by measurements with a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) and an aerosol particle mass analyzer (APM). Particle inherent densities (rho(i)) were calculated using an expression for particle mass given by idealized aggregate (IA) theory, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements of primary particle diameter (d(pp)), and a comparison of the measured number of particles in each size class with that predicted by a proposed DMA-APM response function for aggregates. The rho(eff) of POCI and conventional diesel particles were similar over a range of diameters characteristic of their number-size distributions. The rho(eff) were 0.89, 0.58, and 0.51 g/cm(3) for conventional diesel and 0.90, 0.62, and 0.42 g/cm(3) for PCCI particles with 50, 100, and 150 nm electrical mobility diameters (d(m)), respectively. The error associated with rho(eff) was about one percent of each measurement. The lowest rho(eff) were observed for exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) levels somewhat lower than that required for PCCI operation. The pi of 50 and 100 run conventional diesel particles were 1.22 +/- 0.14 and 1.77 +/- 0.29 g/cm(3), which is in good agreement with previously reported values. PCCI A for these size classes did not differ significantly (1.27 +/- 0.16 and 2.10 +/- 0.20 g/cm(3)), suggesting like amounts of adsorbed liquid hydrocarbons. In addition, for 150 nm particles, the PCCI and conventional rho(i) were the same (2.20 +/- 0.34 g/cm(3)). Given the dose density values, we expect that particulate emissions control with diesel particulate filters (DPFs) would not be adversely affected by PCCI particle physical properties. C1 [Lall, Anshuman A.; Mulholland, George W.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Barone, Teresa L.; Storey, John M. E.; Prikhodko, Vitaly Y.; Parks, James E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Frankland, Jennifer H.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Mulholland, George W.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, 2125 Glenn L Martin Hall,Bldg 088, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 49 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAY PY 2011 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1978 EP 1988 DI 10.1021/ef200084k PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 764SC UT WOS:000290651900006 ER PT J AU Perkins, RA Huber, ML AF Perkins, Richard A. Huber, Marcia L. TI Measurement and Correlation of the Thermal Conductivities of Biodiesel Constituent Fluids: Methyl Oleate and Methyl Linoleate SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID HOT-WIRE METHOD; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; 600 K; CRITICAL REGION; 70 MPA; PRESSURES; FUEL; ANTIOXIDANTS; TEMPERATURE; STABILITY AB New experimental data on the thermal conductivities of the methyl esters methyl oleate and methyl linoleate in the liquid phase are reported that allow for the development of correlations. These new experimental data, covering a temperature range of 302-508 K for methyl oleate and 302-505 K for methyl linoleate at a pressure range of 0.1-42 MPa, are used with estimated dilute gas values to develop correlations for the thermal conductivity. The experimental data reported here have an uncertainty of less than 1%. On the basis of the uncertainty of and comparisons to the present data, the thermal conductivity correlations for methyl oleate and methyl linoleate in the liquid phase are estimated to have a relative uncertainty of about 2.5% at a 95% confidence level. C1 [Perkins, Richard A.; Huber, Marcia L.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Perkins, RA (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM richard.perkins@nist.gov OI Perkins, Richard/0000-0002-8526-6742 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAY PY 2011 VL 25 IS 5 BP 2383 EP 2388 DI 10.1021/ef2004170 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 764SC UT WOS:000290651900051 ER PT J AU Curran, D Bigelow, K AF Curran, Daniel Bigelow, Keith TI Effects of circle hooks on pelagic catches in the Hawaii-based tuna longline fishery SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tuna hook; J-hook; Deep setting; Survival; Bycatch ID SEA-TURTLES; BY-CATCH; MORTALITY; LOGGERHEAD; PERFORMANCE; BYCATCH; CAUGHT; SURVIVAL; CAPTURE; REDUCE AB Sixteen vessels within the deep-set Hawaii-based tuna longline fleet tested the catch efficacy, fish size selectivity and survival on longline retrieval of large-size 18/0 circle hooks vs. Japanese style tuna hooks, size 3.6 sun and vs. size 9/0 "J" hooks. Vessels alternated hook types throughout the longline gear and maintained a 1:1 ratio of circle hooks to their existing tuna or J-hooks. Observers monitored a total of 1393 sets: 1182 sets were circle hooks vs. tuna hooks and 211 sets were circle hooks vs. J-hooks. The 18 most-caught species were analyzed representing 97.6% of the total catch by number. Two statistical methods were used to assess differences in catch (randomization test) or catch rate (generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs)). There were no significant catch or catch rate (catchability) differences among hook types for bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus), the primary target species, with either statistical method. However, GLMMs indicated that catch rates on circle hooks were significantly lower for 16 and 8 species compared to tuna and J-hooks, respectively. There were no significant differences in mean length of bigeye tuna among hook comparisons. Caught condition at retrieval varied considerably among the 18 species. Large circle hooks had greater effects on catch rates than on fish size selectivity and fish survival. We contend that reduced catch rates are a function of 18/0 circle hook shape, where the minimum width (4.9 cm) was 57% and 25% wider than the Japanese tuna (3.1 cm) and J-hook (3.9 cm), respectively. In contrast to tuna hooks, large circle hooks have conservation potential for use in the world's pelagic tuna longline fleets for some highly migratory species, with catch rate reductions of 29.2-48.3% for billfish species and 17.1-27.5% for sharks. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Curran, Daniel; Bigelow, Keith] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Bigelow, K (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Keith.Bigelow@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 109 IS 2-3 BP 265 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.02.013 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 765HC UT WOS:000290695100007 ER PT J AU Chih, CP AF Chih, Ching-Ping TI The design effects of cluster sampling on the estimation of mean lengths and total mortality of reef fish SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Within-cluster correlation; Design effect; Effective sample size; Cluster sampling; Mean length ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; VERMILION SNAPPER; RHOMBOPLITES-AURORUBENS; GROWTH; ATLANTIC; SIZES; RATES; CATCH; AGE AB Cluster sampling is commonly used in fishery-dependent and -independent surveys. However, the impact of the design effect of cluster sampling on stock assessments has often been overlooked. This study used vermilion snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens) samples collected from commercial fisheries in the Gulf of Mexico as an example to illustrate how cluster sampling may influence the precision of estimated mean lengths and total mortality. First, the within-cluster correlations in fish lengths among cluster samples collected from commercial fisheries or simulated based on different sampling designs were evaluated. Second, the effects of different cluster sampling designs on the precision of mean lengths were estimated using the bootstrap method. Finally, the impact of different sampling designs on the confidence intervals of total mortality, a key parameter for assessing a fish stock, was evaluated. A strong correlation in fish length among vermilion snapper cluster samples was found, which significantly decreased the precision in mean lengths and caused a several fold increase in the confidence interval for total mortality. The design effects of cluster sampling had a significant impact on (1) sampling design, (2) hypothesis testing, and (3) stock assessment. The large design effects of cluster sampling are quite common for reef fish. Systematic studies of design effects on different types of population parameters (means, ratios, frequency distributions, etc.) based on historical data may be needed for different species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Chih, CP (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Ching-Ping.Chih@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 109 IS 2-3 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.02.016 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 765HC UT WOS:000290695100010 ER PT J AU Bendersky, LA Chiu, C Skripnyuk, VM Rabkin, E AF Bendersky, L. A. Chiu, C. Skripnyuk, V. M. Rabkin, E. TI Effect of rapid solidification on hydrogen solubility in Mg-rich Mg-Ni alloys SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Magnesium alloys; Hydrogen storage properties; Rapid solidification; Hydrogen solubility in metals ID HYDRIDING COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS; STORAGE PROPERTIES; METAL-HYDRIDES; MAGNESIUM; KINETICS; CRYSTALLIZATION; PALLADIUM; ENTHALPY; PHASE; IRON AB The hydrogenation properties of Mg(100-x)Ni(x) alloys (x = 0.5, 1, 2, 5) produced by melt spinning and subsequent high-energy ball milling were studied. The alloys were crystalline and, in addition to Mg matrix, contained finely dispersed particles of Mg(2)Ni and metastable Mg(6)Ni intermetallic phases. The alloys exhibited excellent hydrogenation kinetics at 300 degrees C and reversibly absorbed about 6.5 mass fraction (%) of hydrogen. At the same temperature, the as prepared Mg(99.5)Ni(0.5) and Mg(95)Ni(5) powders dissolved about 0.6 mass fraction (%) of hydrogen at the pressures lower than the hydrogen pressure corresponding to the bulk Mg-MgH(2) two-phase equilibrium, exhibiting an extended apparent solubility of hydrogen in Mg-based matrix. The hydrogen solubility returned to its equilibrium value after prolonged hydrogenation testing at 300 degrees C. We discuss this unusually high solubility of hydrogen in Mg-based matrix in terms of ultrafine dispersion of nanometric MgH(2) precipitates of different size and morphology formed on vacancy clusters and dislocation loops quenched-in during rapid solidification. Copyright (C) 2011, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Skripnyuk, V. M.; Rabkin, E.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mat Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Bendersky, L. A.; Chiu, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rabkin, E (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mat Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM erabkin@tx.technion.ac.il RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Rabkin, Eugen/A-2033-2012 NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD MAY PY 2011 VL 36 IS 9 BP 5388 EP 5399 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.01.133 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 767UH UT WOS:000290883100020 ER PT J AU Dura, JA Kelly, ST Kienzle, PA Her, JH Udovic, TJ Majkrzak, CF Chung, CJ Clemens, BM AF Dura, J. A. Kelly, S. T. Kienzle, P. A. Her, J. -H. Udovic, T. J. Majkrzak, C. F. Chung, C. -J. Clemens, B. M. TI Porous Mg formation upon dehydrogenation of MgH(2) thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNESIUM HYDRIDE; HYDROGEN STORAGE; NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY; KINETICS; DECOMPOSITION; DESORPTION; DIFFUSION; SI AB The hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of a thin film of Mg with a Pd cap layer was measured using neutron reflectometry. Upon hydrogenation, (at 373 K and 0.2 MPa H(2)), the Mg film swelled in the surface normal direction by an amount roughly equal to the difference in volume between MgH(2) and Mg. After dehydrogenation (at 343-423 K), the Mg film returned to a composition of Mg but retained the swelled thickness by incorporating voids. The presence of the voids is confirmed by SEM micrographs. The voids may explain some of the changes in absorption kinetics after full cycling of Mg films. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3574664] C1 [Dura, J. A.; Kienzle, P. A.; Udovic, T. J.; Majkrzak, C. F.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kelly, S. T.; Chung, C. -J.; Clemens, B. M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Her, J. -H.] GE Global Res, Nisakyuna, NY 12309 USA. RP Dura, JA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.dura@nist.gov RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008 OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X FU U.S. Department of Energy Metal Hydride Center of Excellence [DE-AI-01-05EE11104, DE-FC3605GO15061] FX The authors acknowledge Yao-Te Cheng for assistance with the SEM characterization. This work was partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Metal Hydride Center of Excellence through EERE Grant Nos. DE-AI-01-05EE11104 and DE-FC3605GO15061. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 9 AR 093501 DI 10.1063/1.3574664 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 763VT UT WOS:000290588500036 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, NM Hourdakis, E Ono, Y Fujiwara, A Takahashi, Y AF Zimmerman, Neil M. Hourdakis, Emmanouel Ono, Yuki Fujiwara, Akira Takahashi, Yasuo TI Error mechanisms and rates in tunable-barrier single-electron turnstiles and charge-coupled devices (vol 96, pg 5254, 2004) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Zimmerman, Neil M.; Hourdakis, Emmanouel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Technol Adm,US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ono, Yuki; Fujiwara, Akira; Takahashi, Yasuo] NTT, Basic Res Labs, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. RP Zimmerman, NM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Technol Adm,US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM neilz@mailaps.org RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 9 AR 099903 DI 10.1063/1.3582054 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 763VT UT WOS:000290588500138 ER PT J AU Voronovich, AG Penland, C AF Voronovich, Alexander G. Penland, Cecile TI Mapping of the ocean surface wind by ocean acoustic interferometers SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NORTH; NOISE; SEA AB Measurements of marine surface winds are crucial to understanding mechanical and thermodynamic forces on the ocean. Satellite measurements of surface winds provide global coverage but are problematic at high wind speeds. Acoustic techniques of wind speed retrieval, and even for tracking hurricanes, have been suggested as an alternative since wind is a strong source of ambient noise in the ocean. Such approaches involve near-local measurements with bottom-mounted hydrophones located close to the area of interest. This paper suggests a complementary approach: measuring directivity of low-frequency ambient noise in the horizontal plane. These measurements would employ long vertical line arrays (VLAs) spanning a significant portion of the ocean waveguide. Two VLAs separated by a distance of some tens of kilometers and coherently measuring acoustic pressure form a single ocean interferometer. By sampling the area of interest from different perspectives with at least two interferometers, marine surface winds might be mapped over horizontal scales of the order of 1000 km with about 10 km resolution (more specifically, the 10 km resolution here means that contribution from the basis functions representing surface wind field with the scale of spatial variations of the order of 10 km can be resolved; independent retrieval of the wind within 10(4) cells of a corresponding grid is hardly possible). An averaging time required to overcome statistical variability in the noise field is estimated to be about 3 h. Numerical simulations of propagation conditions typical for the North Atlantic Ocean are presented. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3557044] C1 [Voronovich, Alexander G.; Penland, Cecile] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Penland, C (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Cecile.Penland@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 129 IS 5 BP 2841 EP 2850 DI 10.1121/1.3557044 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 762CR UT WOS:000290450400019 PM 21568388 ER PT J AU Wahlstrand, J Dekorsy, T Klatt, G Cundiff, S AF Wahlstrand, Jared Dekorsy, Thomas Klatt, Gregor Cundiff, Steven TI Photoconductive emitters advance ultrafast terahertz sources SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Article AB Recent developments in high-repetition-rate femtosecond sources of terahertz radiation show promising improvements in efficiency, suggesting that photoconductive emitters will remain important terahertz sources. C1 [Wahlstrand, Jared] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dekorsy, Thomas] Univ Konstanz, Ctr Appl Photon, Constance, Germany. [Klatt, Gregor] Gigaoptics GmbH, Constance, Germany. [Cundiff, Steven] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cundiff, Steven] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Wahlstrand, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu RI Dekorsy, Thomas/A-6152-2008; Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 OI Dekorsy, Thomas/0000-0003-2257-2854; Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA SN 1043-8092 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD MAY PY 2011 VL 47 IS 5 BP 77 EP 80 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 766KD UT WOS:000290780100020 ER PT J AU Mislan, KAS Blanchette, CA Broitman, BR Washburn, L AF Mislan, K. A. S. Blanchette, Carol A. Broitman, Bernardo R. Washburn, Libe TI Spatial variability of emergence, splash, surge, and submergence in wave-exposed rocky-shore ecosystems SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID POSTELSIA-PALMAEFORMIS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; INTERTIDAL ZONE; THERMAL-STRESS; PATTERNS; LEVEL; ORGANISMS; GRADIENTS; REGIMES AB To distinguish the intertidal states of emergence, splash, surge, and submergence and record their relative durations, we deployed a water-level logger paired with a temperature logger in the mid-intertidal zone at each of 10 wave-exposed sites during the summer in the northeast Pacific. Relative durations of intertidal states were different among the different sites, even at sites close together. Splash was temporally variable, being recorded by the loggers on 50% or fewer days at most sites. Daily surge durations tended to be longer at sites in northern and central California compared with sites in Oregon and Washington. Return times to surge and submergence showed the opposite trend with longer return times in Oregon and Washington compared with California. We estimated the effect of interannual changes in tides on intertidal states by applying the logger data to tidal predictions and comparing duration and return time over the 18.6-yr tidal epoch. Over long time periods, compared with the logger deployments, daily durations of surge increased, return times to the surge state became more uniform, and return times to submergence lengthened. C1 [Mislan, K. A. S.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Blanchette, Carol A.; Washburn, Libe] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Broitman, Bernardo R.] Univ Catolica Norte, Fac Ciencias Mar, Ctr Estudios Avanzados Zonas Aridas, Coquimbo, Chile. [Broitman, Bernardo R.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ctr Adv Studies Ecol & Biodivers, Santiago, Chile. RP Mislan, KAS (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM kas.mislan@gmail.com RI Bosley, Sharron/E-4641-2012; Broitman, Bernardo/D-6007-2013 OI Broitman, Bernardo/0000-0001-6582-3188 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX07AF20G]; Elsie Tabor Travel Grant; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA04NOS4780264] FX Funding sources included a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Systems Science Fellowship, an Elsie Tabor Travel Grant, NASA grant NNX07AF20G, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Ecofore grant NA04NOS4780264. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 56 IS 3 BP 857 EP 866 DI 10.4319/lo.2011.56.3.0857 PG 10 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 765BJ UT WOS:000290678100008 ER PT J AU Levine, ZH Galloway, BR Peskin, AP Heussel, CP Chen, JJ AF Levine, Zachary H. Galloway, Benjamin R. Peskin, Adele P. Heussel, Claus P. Chen, Joseph J. TI Tumor volume measurement errors of RECIST studied with ellipsoids SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE x-ray imaging; RECIST; tumor size; volumetric measurement ID PULMONARY NODULES; BIDIMENSIONAL MEASUREMENT; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; RESPONSE ASSESSMENT; LUNG-CANCER; CT; METASTASES; ACCURACY; CRITERIA; THERAPY AB Purpose: The authors investigate the extent to which Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) can predict tumor volumes in ideal geometric settings and using clinical data. Methods: The authors consider a hierarchy of models including uniaxial ellipsoids, general ellipsoids, and composites of ellipsoids, using both analytical and numerical techniques to show how well RECIST can predict tumor volumes in each case. The models have certain features that are compared to clinical data. Results: The principal conclusion is that a change in the reported RECIST value needs to be a factor of at least 1.2 to achieve a 95% confidence that one ellipsoid is larger than another assuming the ratio of maximum to minimum diameters is no more than 2, an assumption that is reasonable for some classes of tumors. There is a significant probability that RECIST will select a tumor other than the largest due to orientation effects of nonspherical tumors: in previously reported malignoma data, RECIST would have selected a tumor other than the largest in 9% of the cases. Also, the widely used spherical model connecting RECIST values for a single tumor to volumes overestimates these volumes. Conclusions: RECIST imposes a limit on the ability to determine tumor volumes, which is greater than the limit imposed by modern medical computed tomography machines. It is also likely the RECIST limit is above natural biological variability of stable lesions. The authors recommend the study of such natural variability as a fruitful avenue for further study. (C) 2011 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3577602] C1 [Levine, Zachary H.; Galloway, Benjamin R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Galloway, Benjamin R.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Engn Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Peskin, Adele P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl & Computat Math Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Heussel, Claus P.] Univ Heidelberg Hosp, Chest Clin, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany. [Chen, Joseph J.] Univ Maryland, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Levine, ZH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zlevine@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX BRG was supported by a Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. ZHL and Steven Grantham have a US Patent pending based on the work in Ref. 22. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 38 IS 5 BP 2552 EP 2557 DI 10.1118/1.3577602 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 764JL UT WOS:000290625700029 PM 21776790 ER PT J AU Weis, JS Bergey, L Reichmuth, J Candelmo, A AF Weis, Judith S. Bergey, Lauren Reichmuth, Jessica Candelmo, Allison TI Living in a Contaminated Estuary: Behavioral Changes and Ecological Consequences for Five Species SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE contaminants; feeding; predator and prey; growth; diet ID THE-YEAR BLUEFISH; MUMMICHOGS FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS RATHBUN; SHRIMP PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; POMATOMUS-SALTATRIX; GRASS SHRIMP; PREDATOR AVOIDANCE; FIDDLER-CRABS; 2 POPULATIONS; PREY CAPTURE AB Killifish, grass shrimp, fiddler crabs, blue crabs, and young bluefish in contaminated estuaries differ ecologically from reference populations in relatively uncontaminated environments. All five of these species show reduced activity and feeding, but only fishes show reduced growth. In these areas, killifish are poor predators, eat much detritus, have poor predator avoidance, and are smaller and less abundant. Bluefish have reduced rates of feeding and growth. Both killifish and bluefish have altered thy mid glands and neurotransmitters, which may underlie behavioral changes. Shrimp in contaminated environments show unchanged levels of predator avoidance; compensatory energetic partitioning favors growth and reproduction despite reduced feeding. With less predation pressure, shrimp are larger and more numerous. Fiddler crabs tend to spend more time in burrows and experience reduced predation. With ample food, metal depuration through molting, and reduced population size, they grow larger. In contaminated estuaries, we've found that juvenile blue crabs are less likely to be eaten by adults; adults are impaired in prey capture but are larger, despite eating much detritus and algae. Release from top-down effects from humans-as a result of a fishery advisory-may allow crabs to live longer. It appears that differences in physiology and trophic interactions modify the effects of reduced feeding On the different species. C1 [Weis, Judith S.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Bergey, Lauren] Centenary Coll, Dept Sci & Math, Hackettstown, NJ USA. [Reichmuth, Jessica] Augusta State Coll, Dept Biol, Augusta, GA USA. [Candelmo, Allison] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Highlands, NJ USA. RP Weis, JS (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM jweis@andromeda.rutgers.edu FU NOAA (the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration); Meadowlands Environmental Research Institute; Rutgers University Marine Field Station FX We appreciate the financial support of NOAA (the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), the Meadowlands Environmental Research Institute, and Rutgers University Marine Field Station; the technical support of innumerable undergraduate students; the statistical assistance of Terry Glover; and the analytical support of the laboratory of Peddrick Weis. NR 59 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 40 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAY PY 2011 VL 61 IS 5 BP 375 EP 385 DI 10.1525/bio.2011.61.5.6 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 763KM UT WOS:000290555200006 ER PT J AU Campagna, C Short, FT Polidoro, BA McManus, R Collette, BB Pilcher, NJ de Mitcheson, YS Stuart, SN Carpenter, KE AF Campagna, Claudio Short, Frederick T. Polidoro, Beth A. McManus, Roger Collette, Bruce B. Pilcher, Nicolas J. de Mitcheson, Yvonne Sadovy Stuart, Simon N. Carpenter, Kent E. TI Gulf of Mexico Oil Blowout Increases Risks to Globally Threatened Species SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE IUCN Red List; Gulf of Mexico; oil spill; threatened species ID EXTINCTION RISK; CONSERVATION AB Fourteen marine species in the Gulf of Mexico are protected by the US Endangered Species Act, the Marine Mammal Protection Act, and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. As the British Petroleum oil spill recovery and remediation proceed, species internationally recognized as having an elevated risk of extinction should also receive priority for protection and restoration efforts, whether or not they have specific legal protection. Forty additional marine species-unprotected by any federal laws-occur in the Gulf and are listed as threatened on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) Red List. The Red List assessment process scientifically evaluates species' global status and is therefore a key mechanism for transboundary impact assessments and for coordinating international conservation action. Environmental impact 'assessments conducted for future offshore oil and gas development should incorporate available data on globally threatened species, including species on the IUCN Red List. This consideration is particularly important because US Natural Resource Damage Assessments may not account for injury to highly migratory, globally threatened species. C1 [Campagna, Claudio] Wildlife Conservat Soc, New York, NY USA. [Short, Frederick T.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Jackson Estuarine Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Polidoro, Beth A.; McManus, Roger; Carpenter, Kent E.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Int Union Conservat Nat IUCN Species Programme, Marine Biodivers Unit, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [McManus, Roger] Perry Inst Marine Sci, IUCN Species Survival Commiss, Jupiter, FL USA. [Collette, Bruce B.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Pilcher, Nicolas J.] Marine Res Fdn, Sabah, Malaysia. [de Mitcheson, Yvonne Sadovy] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Stuart, Simon N.] United Nations Environm Programme World Conservat, IUCN Species Survival Commiss, Cambridge, England. [Stuart, Simon N.] Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Stuart, Simon N.] Al Ain Wildlife Pk & Resort, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. [Stuart, Simon N.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Campagna, Claudio; Short, Frederick T.; Polidoro, Beth A.; Collette, Bruce B.; Pilcher, Nicolas J.; de Mitcheson, Yvonne Sadovy; Carpenter, Kent E.] IUCN Species Survival Commiss Marine Conservat, Gland, Switzerland. RP Campagna, C (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, New York, NY USA. EM ccampagna@wcs.org OI Campagna, Claudio/0000-0002-7971-5062 FU New Hampshire Charitable Foundation FX The majority of marine species assessments conducted through the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Species Survival Commission are made through the Global Marine Species Assessment, with core funding provided by Tom Haas and the New Hampshire Charitable Foundation. We thank numerous partners who helped compile information, including BirdLife International; SeagrassNet; the Groupers and Wrasses, Tunas and Billfishes, Sharks, and Marine Turtles IUCN Species Specialist Groups; Jonnell Sanciangco and Suzanne Livingstone (Global Marine Species Assessment); and Cynthia Taylor (Sirenia Red List Authority Focal Point). Thanks to Cathy Short for editing the manuscript. This article is Jackson Estuarine Laboratory contribution no. 498. NR 14 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 46 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAY PY 2011 VL 61 IS 5 BP 393 EP 397 DI 10.1525/bio.2011.61.5.8 PG 5 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 763KM UT WOS:000290555200008 ER PT J AU Tate, J Bunk, D Christenson, R Katrukha, A Noble, J Porter, R Schimmel, H Wang, L Panteghini, M AF Tate, J. Bunk, D. Christenson, R. Katrukha, A. Noble, J. Porter, R. Schimmel, H. Wang, L. Panteghini, M. CA IFCC Working Grp Standardizat Trop TI THE ROUND ROBIN STUDY FOR CARDIAC TROPONIN - PROGRESS REPORT SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tate, J.] Royal Brisbane & Womens Hosp, Dept Chem Pathol, Herston, Qld, Australia. [Bunk, D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Christenson, R.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Katrukha, A.] HyTest Ltd, Turku, Finland. [Noble, J.; Porter, R.] Natl Phys Lab, Analyt Sci Grp, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Schimmel, H.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Geel, Belgium. [Wang, L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Panteghini, M.] Univ Milan, Ctr Metrol Traceabil Lab Med CIRME, Milan, Italy. EM jill_tate@health.qld.gov.au RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-6621 J9 CLIN CHEM LAB MED JI Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 49 SU 1 BP S62 EP S62 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 755XR UT WOS:000289974200066 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, K Young, MF Simon, CG AF Chatterjee, Kaushik Young, Marian F. Simon, Carl G., Jr. TI Fabricating Gradient Hydrogel Scaffolds for 3D Cell Culture SO COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY & HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING LA English DT Article DE Combinatorial methods; high-throughput screening; hydrogels; elastic modulus; gradients; osteoblast; tissue engineering ID DIFFERENTIATION; BIOMATERIALS; SURFACES AB Optimizing cell-material interactions is critical for maximizing regeneration in tissue engineering. Combinatorial and high-throughput (CHT) methods can be used to systematically screen tissue scaffolds to identify optimal biomaterial properties. Previous CHT platforms in tissue engineering have involved a two-dimensional (2D) cell culture format where cells were cultured on material surfaces. However, these platforms are inadequate to predict cellular response in a three-dimensional (3D) tissue scaffold. We have developed a simple CHT platform to screen cell-material interactions in 3D culture format that can be applied to screen hydrogel scaffolds. Herein we provide detailed instructions on a method to prepare gradients in elastic modulus of photopolymerizable hydrogels. C1 [Chatterjee, Kaushik; Simon, Carl G., Jr.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chatterjee, Kaushik; Young, Marian F.] Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Craniofacial & Skeletal Dis Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Simon, CG (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carl.simon@nist.gov FU National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences in the NIH-NIBIB/NIST; NIST [NIH-NIBIB R21 EB006497-01]; NIH-NIDCR (National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research) FX We gratefully acknowledge technical inputs from Sheng Lin-Gibson, William E. Wallace, Kathy Flynn, Ed Parry, Kathryn L. Beers, Sapun H. Parekh, Young J. Lee and Marcus T. Cicerone at NIST. This work was performed while K. C. held a Research Associateship Award from the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences in the NIH-NIBIB/NIST Joint Postdoctoral Program (National Institutes of Health-National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering/National Institute of Standards and Technology). This work was supported by NIST, NIH-NIBIB R21 EB006497-01 and the Intramural Program of NIH-NIDCR (National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research). NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 21 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1386-2073 J9 COMB CHEM HIGH T SCR JI Comb. Chem. High Throughput Screen PD MAY PY 2011 VL 14 IS 4 BP 227 EP 236 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Applied; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 764EO UT WOS:000290611700001 PM 21143178 ER PT J AU Ryu, J Kim, HC Khim, JS Kim, YH Park, J Kang, D Hwang, JH Lee, CH Koh, CH AF Ryu, Jongseong Kim, Hae-Cheol Khim, Jong Seong Kim, Yong Hoon Park, Jinsoon Kang, Daeseok Hwang, Jin Hwan Lee, Chang-Hee Koh, Chul-Hwan TI Prediction of macrozoobenthic species distribution in the Korean Saemangeum tidal flat based on a logistic regression model of environmental parameters SO ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Logistic regression; Statistical modeling; Benthic macrofauna; Saemangeum; Tidal flat ID BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; ESTUARINE GRADIENTS; SEDIMENT STABILITY; TROPHIC STRUCTURE; BALTIC SEA; COMMUNITIES; MUD AB This study aims to contribute to the development of heuristic statistical models, which are able to predict benthic macrofaunal responses to environmental gradients in coastal areas, such as tidal flats. Ecological response surfaces were derived for 15 intertidal macrobenthic species, using logistic regression based on three separate environmental parameters (shore level, mud content, and organic content) measured on the tidal flats of the Saemangeum estuary, Korea. The presence/absence of the 15 intertidal macrofauna was accurately predicted from each separate environmental factor in the environmental models, with a prediction accuracy of similar to 65-92%. Subsequently, geographical comparison was made between the mapped probability surfaces and maps of observed species occurrence. The results indicated that the models developed for different species exhibited a wide variety of functional forms, highlighting potential variability in species response to changes in habitat conditions, even for closely associated species with a similar trophic type. Our modeling approach was capable of predicting macrobenthic species distributions with a relatively high degree of accuracy, although the ecological processes controlling intertidal macrobenthic distribution could not be fully determined. Overall, good agreement between modeling results and field observations, with relatively high concordance regardless of target species, emphasized that such an approach would be of practical use in terms of ecosystem approach to tidal flat management. C1 [Khim, Jong Seong] Korea Univ, Div Environm Sci & Ecol Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Ryu, Jongseong] KORDI, Off Policy Res, Ansan 425600, South Korea. [Kim, Hae-Cheol] NOAA, IM Syst Grp, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Kim, Yong Hoon] Appl Sci Associates, S Kingstown, RI 02879 USA. [Park, Jinsoon; Koh, Chul-Hwan] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Kang, Daeseok] Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Ecol Engn, Pusan 608737, South Korea. [Hwang, Jin Hwan] Dongguk Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seoul 100715, South Korea. [Lee, Chang-Hee] Myongji Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Biotechnol, Yongin 449728, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. RP Khim, JS (reprint author), Korea Univ, Div Environm Sci & Ecol Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. EM jongseongkhim@korea.ac.kr; changhee@mju.ac.kr RI Khim, Jong Seong/B-5008-2012; OI Khim, Jong Seong/0000-0001-7977-0929; Hwang, Jin Hwan/0000-0003-1308-6985 FU Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, Republic of Korea [PM55660]; Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs [41873-01] FX This research was supported by a grant (Project #PM55660) from "Support for research and applications of Geostationary Ocean Color Satellite (GOCI)'' funded by Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, Republic of Korea. This work was also supported, in part, by the project entitled "Development of Integrated Estuarine Management System'' funded by the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs (No. 41873-01), given to JSK & CHL. We kindly appreciate the valuable comments and suggestions of the reviewers during the review process. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0912-3814 J9 ECOL RES JI Ecol. Res. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 26 IS 3 BP 659 EP 668 DI 10.1007/s11284-011-0826-3 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 763EW UT WOS:000290538900020 ER PT J AU Akaighe, N MacCuspie, RI Navarro, DA Aga, DS Banerjee, S Sohn, M Sharma, VK AF Akaighe, Nelson MacCuspie, Robert I. Navarro, Divina A. Aga, Diana S. Banerjee, Sarbajit Sohn, Mary Sharma, Virender K. TI Humic Acid-Induced Silver Nanoparticle Formation Under Environmentally Relevant Conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; GREEN SYNTHESIS; ORGANIC-MATTER; SUBSTANCES; EMISSIONS; SEDIMENTS; EXPOSURE; RELEASE; DEPENDS; SULFUR AB The formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via reduction of silver ions (Ag(+)) in the presence of humic acids (HAs) under various environmentally relevant conditions is described. HAs tested originated from the Suwannee River (SUW), and included samples of three sedimentary HAs (SHAs), and five soils obtained across the state of Florida. The time required to form AgNPs varied depending upon the type and concentration of HA, as well as temperature. SUW and all three SHAs reduced Ag(+) at 22 degrees C. However, none of the soil HAs formed absorbance-detectable AgNPs at room temperature when allowed to react for a period of 25 days, at which time experiments were halted. The appearance of the characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of AgNPs was observed by ultraviolet visible spectroscopy in as few as 2-4 days at 22 degrees C for SHAs and SUW. An elevated temperature of 90 degrees C resulted in the accelerated appearance of the SPR within 90 min for SUW and all SHAs. The formation of AgNPs at 90 degrees C was usually complete within 3 h. Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images showed that the AgNPs formed were typically spherical and had a broad size distribution. Dynamic light scattering also revealed polydisperse particle size distributions. HAs appeared to colloidally stabilize AgNPs based on lack of any significant change in the spectral characteristics over a period of two months. The results suggest the potential for direct formation of AgNPs under environmental conditions from Ag(+) sources, implying that not all AgNPs observed in natural waters today may be of anthropogenic origin. C1 [Akaighe, Nelson; Sohn, Mary; Sharma, Virender K.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [MacCuspie, Robert I.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Navarro, Divina A.; Aga, Diana S.; Banerjee, Sarbajit] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Sharma, VK (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Chem, 150 W Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM vsharma@fit.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Navarro, Divina/F-5733-2013; OI Navarro, Divina/0000-0002-8271-3578; Sohn, Mary/0000-0001-7476-4749; MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499; Sharma, Virender/0000-0002-5980-8675 FU Environmental Protection Agency [R833861] FX The UB contributors acknowledge support from the Environmental Protection Agency under (EPA) Grant No. R833861. We thank four anonymous reviewers for their comments which improved the paper greatly. Authors wish to thank Drs. Sherrie Elzey and Justin Gorham for their comments. NIST Disclaimer: Certain trade names and company products are mentioned in the text or identified in illustrations in order to specify adequately the experimental procedure and equipment used. In no case does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the products are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 36 TC 131 Z9 134 U1 17 U2 164 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 9 BP 3895 EP 3901 DI 10.1021/es103946g PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 753ZI UT WOS:000289819400016 PM 21456573 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Wang, JZ Qian, Y AF Zhang, Xi Wang, Jiangzhou Qian, Yi TI ADVANCES IN COOPERATIVE WIRELESS NETWORKING: PART I SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Zhang, Xi] Texas A&M Univ, Networking & Informat Syst Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Zhang, Xi] Beijing Informat Technol Engn Inst, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Div Comp Syst Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Xi] Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Elect Engn, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. [Zhang, Xi] James Cook Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Zhang, Xi] AT&T Bell Labs, Distributed Syst Res Dept, Murray Hill, NJ USA. [Zhang, Xi] AT&T Labs Res, Florham Pk, NJ USA. [Wang, Jiangzhou] Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jiangzhou] Rockwell Int Corp, Newport Beach, CA USA. [Qian, Yi] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Qian, Yi] US Fed Govt Agcy, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Networking & Informat Syst Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM xizhang@ece.tamu.edu; j.z.wang@kent.ac.uk; yqian@ieee.org NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0163-6804 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 49 IS 5 BP 54 EP 55 DI 10.1109/MCOM.2011.5762797 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 762BJ UT WOS:000290447000002 ER PT J AU Collado, C Rocas, E Padilla, A Mateu, J O'Callaghan, JM Orloff, ND Booth, JC Iborra, E Aigner, R AF Collado, Carlos Rocas, Eduard Padilla, Alberto Mateu, Jordi O'Callaghan, Juan M. Orloff, Nathan D. Booth, James C. Iborra, Enrique Aigner, Robert TI First-Order Elastic Nonlinearities of Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Bulk acoustic wave (BAW); film bulk acoustic resonator; harmonic generation; intermodulation distortion; non-linear elastic constant; nonlinear Krimholtz; Leedom; Matthaei (KLM); nonlinear stiffened elasticity; nonlinearities AB We propose a procedure to characterize the intrinsic nonlinearities of bulk acoustic wave resonators by performing one-port measurements of the second harmonic and second-order intermodulation spurious signals. Closed-form expressions have been derived that relate the nonlinear stiffened elasticity with experimental observables. These formulas are valid in a wide range of frequencies around the resonance and have been verified with nonlinear circuit simulations. The measurement setup and its effects are also discussed in our approach. Measurements of a set of aluminum nitride-based devices from several manufacturers yield consistent model parameters and allow us to obtain a coefficient of the nonlinear stiffened elasticity intrinsic to this piezoelectric material. C1 [Collado, Carlos; Rocas, Eduard; Padilla, Alberto; Mateu, Jordi; O'Callaghan, Juan M.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Collado, Carlos; Rocas, Eduard; Orloff, Nathan D.; Booth, James C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Iborra, Enrique] Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Elect Engn, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Aigner, Robert] Triquint Semicond, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. RP Collado, C (reprint author), Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. EM collado@tsc.upc.edu RI O'Callaghan, Juan /F-6595-2013; collado, carlos/B-1651-2010; mateu, jordi/H-7285-2015; Iborra, Enrique/A-4148-2016; OI O'Callaghan, Juan /0000-0002-2740-0202; collado, carlos/0000-0002-8869-2739; mateu, jordi/0000-0001-9833-9966; Iborra, Enrique/0000-0002-1385-1379; Orloff, Nathan/0000-0001-5391-4699 FU Spanish Government (MCIN) [TEC-2009-13897-C03-01, MAT-2008-06761-C03-02]; Catalonia Government [2008 BE2 00196]; U.S. Government; Spanish Ministry of Education [BES-2007-16775, AP200802235] FX Manuscript received November 18, 2010; accepted November 23, 2010. Date of publication January 13, 2011; date of current version May 11, 2011. This work was supported in part by the Spanish Government (MCIN) under Grant TEC-2009-13897-C03-01 and Grant MAT-2008-06761-C03-02, by the Catalonia Government under Grant 2008 BE2 00196, and by the U.S. Government. The work of E. Rocas was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education under Ph.D. Fellowship BES-2007-16775. The work of A. Padilla was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education under Ph.D. Fellowship AP200802235. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1206 EP 1213 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2010.2098042 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 763DP UT WOS:000290535000003 ER PT J AU Khan, AS Pandey, A Gnaupel-Herold, T Mishra, RK AF Khan, Akhtar S. Pandey, Amit Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas Mishra, Raja K. TI Mechanical response and texture evolution of AZ31 alloy at large strains for different strain rates and temperatures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE Magnesium (AZ31); Tension/compression/simple shear; Strain rate; Texture; Neutron diffraction/EBSD ID ELECTRON-BACKSCATTERED DIFFRACTION; WROUGHT MAGNESIUM ALLOY; SIMPLE SHEAR TESTS; PLASTIC ANISOTROPY; DEFORMATION MECHANISMS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; METALLIC SHEETS; ROLLED SHEETS; MG AB In order to study the behavior of material under finite deformation at various strain rates, the responses of AZ31 Mg sheet are measured under uniaxial (tension and compression) and multiaxial (simple shear) loadings along rolling direction (RD), 45 degrees to rolling direction (DD), 90 degrees to rolling direction (TD). and normal to the sheet (ND) to large strains. The material exhibits positive strain rate sensitivity (SRS) at room and elevated temperatures; the SRS is more pronounced at high temperatures and lower strain rates. The r-value of the material under tensile loading at room temperatures is higher in TO at lower strain rate. Texture measurements on several failed specimens are reported under tension and simple shear after finite plastic deformation of about 20% equivalent strain. The as-received material exhibits a strong fiber with equal fractions of grains having the c-axis slightly tilted away from the sheet normal towards both +RD and RD. Pole figures obtained after tensile loading along the rolling direction (RD) show that the texture of the material strengthens even at low strains, with c-axis perpendicular to the sheet plane and prism planes lining up in a majority of grains. However, the tensile loading axis along TD does not lead to similar texture strengthening; the c-axis distribution appears to be virtually unchanged from the virgin state. The pole figures obtained after in-plane compression along RD brings the c-axes of the grains parallel to the loading direction. The pole figures after simple shear loading show that the c-axis rotates to lie on the sheet plane consistent with a compression axis 45 degrees away on the sheet plane. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pandey, Amit] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Khan, Akhtar S.; Pandey, Amit] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mishra, Raja K.] Gen Motors Global R&D Ctr, Warren, MI 48090 USA. RP Pandey, A (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM khan@umbc.edu; dramitpandey@gmail.com RI Pandey, Amit/B-2243-2010; OI Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091 NR 50 TC 155 Z9 159 U1 9 U2 87 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 27 IS 5 BP 688 EP 706 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2010.08.009 PG 19 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 761TB UT WOS:000290422800002 ER PT J AU Laesecke, A Bair, S AF Laesecke, Arno Bair, Scott TI High-Pressure Viscosity Measurements of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane; Compressed liquid; Falling-body viscometer; High pressure; n-octane; R134a; Supercritical; Viscosity ID PROPERTY MEASUREMENTS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; ROUND-ROBIN; R134A; HFC-134A; LIQUIDS; REFRIGERANTS; TEMPERATURE; DENSITY AB Viscosity measurements have been carried out with a falling-cylinder instrument in the compressed liquid and supercritical regions of the hydrofluorocarbon 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a). A highly pure sample was used. The measurement region at temperatures from 293.15 K to 438.15 K with pressures from 10 MPa to 400 MPa extends the existing data range substantially. With estimated uncertainties of 3.5 % for viscosity, the greater of 1 MPa or 0.5 % for pressure, and 0.4 K for temperature, the new results can be used to reconcile inconsistencies between literature data sets. They also provide a test of the extrapolation capability of existing viscosity correlations for this fluid and enable the development of a more accurate and wider ranging formulation. C1 [Laesecke, Arno] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bair, Scott] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr High Pressure Rheol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Laesecke, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Arno.Laesecke@Boulder.NIST.Gov; scott.bair@me.gatech.edu FU Center for Compact and Efficient Fluid Power, National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center [EEC-0540834] FX Drs. Thomas J. Bruno, Tara Lovestead, and Jason Widegren of the NIST Thermophysical Properties Division are acknowledged for analyses of the sample. The viscosity scaling work was supported by the Center for Compact and Efficient Fluid Power, a National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center funded under cooperative agreement number EEC-0540834. Useful discussions with Professor Josefa Fernandez, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain, are also acknowledged. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 32 IS 5 BP 925 EP 941 DI 10.1007/s10765-011-0978-y PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 762QO UT WOS:000290494700002 ER PT J AU Roy, T Bopp, L Gehlen, M Schneider, B Cadule, P Frolicher, TL Segschneider, J Tjiputra, J Heinze, C Joos, F AF Roy, Tilla Bopp, Laurent Gehlen, Marion Schneider, Birgit Cadule, Patricia Froelicher, Thomas L. Segschneider, Joachim Tjiputra, Jerry Heinze, Christoph Joos, Fortunat TI Regional Impacts of Climate Change and Atmospheric CO2 on Future Ocean Carbon Uptake: A Multimodel Linear Feedback Analysis SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; CYCLE FEEDBACKS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; POSITIVE FEEDBACK; SYSTEM MODEL; DIOXIDE; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS AB The increase in atmospheric CO2 over this century depends on the evolution of the oceanic air sea CO2 uptake, which will be driven by the combined response to rising atmospheric CO2 itself and climate change. Here, the future oceanic CO2 uptake is simulated using an ensemble of coupled climate carbon cycle models. The models are driven by CO2 emissions from historical data and the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A2 high-emission scenario. A linear feedback analysis successfully separates the regional future (2010-2100) oceanic CO2 uptake into a CO2-induced component, due to rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and a climate-induced component, due to global warming. The models capture the observation-based magnitude and distribution of anthropogenic CO2 uptake. The distributions of the climate-induced component are broadly consistent between the models, with reduced CO2 uptake in the subpolar Southern Ocean and the equatorial regions, owing to decreased CO2 solubility; and reduced CO2 uptake in the midlatitudes, owing to decreased CO2 solubility and increased vertical stratification. The magnitude of the climate-induced component is sensitive to local warming in the southern extratropics, to large freshwater fluxes in the extratropical North Atlantic Ocean, and to small changes in the CO2 solubility in the equatorial regions. In key anthropogenic CO2 uptake regions, the climate-induced component offsets the CO2-induced component at a constant proportion up until the end of this century. This amounts to approximately 50% in the northern extratropics and 25% in the southern extratropics and equatorial regions. Consequently, the detection of climate change impacts on anthropogenic CO2 uptake may be difficult without monitoring additional tracers, such as oxygen. C1 [Roy, Tilla] CEN Saclay LOrme Merisiers, UMR CEA CNRS UVSQ, LSCE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Schneider, Birgit] Inst Geosci, Kiel, Germany. [Froelicher, Thomas L.; Joos, Fortunat] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Bern, Switzerland. [Froelicher, Thomas L.; Joos, Fortunat] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland. [Froelicher, Thomas L.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Segschneider, Joachim] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Tjiputra, Jerry; Heinze, Christoph] Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. [Tjiputra, Jerry; Heinze, Christoph] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. RP Roy, T (reprint author), CEN Saclay LOrme Merisiers, UMR CEA CNRS UVSQ, LSCE, Bat 712, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM tilla.roy@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Frolicher, Thomas/E-5137-2015; OI Frolicher, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7854; Tjiputra, Jerry/0000-0002-4600-2453; Joos, Fortunat/0000-0002-9483-6030 FU European Commission [511176]; Norwegian Research Council NFR [185105/S30, 178246/830]; Norwegian Metacenter for Computational Science (NOTUR) [nn2980k]; IDRIS/CCRT supercomputing centers FX This work was supported by the European Commission through EU FP6 Integrated Project CARBOOCEAN (Contract No. 511176). Work by Uib/BCCR was supported by the Norwegian Research Council NFR through projects CarboSeason (185105/S30) and NorCLIM (178246/830) of the NORKLIMA programme and through supercomputing project nn2980k of the Norwegian Metacenter for Computational Science (NOTUR). Work by LSCE was supported by IDRIS/CCRT supercomputing centers. Computational resources for the UNIBE simulations were provided by the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS). NR 95 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 9 BP 2300 EP 2318 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3787.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 762EZ UT WOS:000290457600007 ER PT J AU Yang, RQ Mitchell, K Meng, J Ek, M AF Yang, Rongqian Mitchell, Kenneth Meng, Jesse Ek, Michael TI Sumner-Season Forecast Experiments with the NCEP Climate Forecast System Using Different Land Models and Different Initial Land States SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; SOIL-MOISTURE; ATMOSPHERE; PREDICTABILITY; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; SCALES AB To examine the impact from land model upgrades and different land initializations on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)'s Climate Forecast System (CFS), extensive T126 CFS experiments are carried out for 25 summers with 10 ensemble members using the old Oregon State University (OSU) land surface model (LSM) and the new Noah LSM. The CFS using the Noah LSM, initialized in turn with land states from the NCEP-Department of Energy Global Reanalysis 2 (GR-2), Global Land Data System (GLDAS), and GLDAS climatology, is compared to the CFS control run using the OSU LSM initialized with the GR-2 land states. Using anomaly correlation as a primary measure, the summer-season prediction skill of the CFS using different land models and different initial land states is assessed for SST, precipitation, and 2-m air temperature over the contiguous United States (CONUS) on an ensemble basis. Results from these CFS experiments indicate that upgrading from the OSU LSM to the Noah LSM improves the overall CONUS June-August (JJA) precipitation prediction, especially during ENSO neutral years. Such an enhancement in CFS performance requires the execution of a GLDAS with the very same Noah LSM as utilized in the land component of the CFS, while improper initializations of the Noah LSM using the GR-2 land states lead to degraded CFS performance. In comparison with precipitation, the land upgrades have a relatively small impact on both of the SST and 2-m air temperature predictions. C1 [Yang, Rongqian; Mitchell, Kenneth; Meng, Jesse; Ek, Michael] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Yang, Rongqian; Meng, Jesse] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Yang, RQ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, W-NP2,Room 207,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM rongqian.yang@noaa.gov FU NCEP Core Project component of the NOAA Climate Program Office Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA) FX We thank Drs. Suranjana Saha, Cathy Thiaw, and Hua-Lu Pan for providing the CFS script and help with its initial setups, Drs. Huug van den Dool and Kingtse Mo for their constructive suggestions on analyzing the results for ENSO nonneutral and neutral years separately, and Drs. Helin Wei and George Gayno for providing utility programs used to generate the initial land states for the CFS runs. The careful reading and critical comments by Drs. Randal Koster and Dennis Lettenmaier helped improve the quality of this article and are greatly appreciated. This study was supported by the NCEP Core Project component of the NOAA Climate Program Office Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA). NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 9 BP 2319 EP 2334 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3797.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 762EZ UT WOS:000290457600008 ER PT J AU Davis, W Marsh, N Selepak, M AF Davis, William Marsh, Nathan Selepak, Michael TI Analyzing smoke alarm response to flaming fires using the fire model JET SO JOURNAL OF FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Ceiling jet; computer model; fire detection; fire experiments; photoelectric smoke alarms; smoke algorithm ID SCALE AB An algorithm that calculates the time dependent smoke concentration in a fire-induced ceiling jet within a smoke layer and algorithms for predicting the response of photoelectric smoke alarms, both of which are part of the computer model JET, are examined using three different fires in a small room. The objectives of this analysis are to test the ceiling jet smoke algorithm and understand the limitations of analyzing signals from photoelectric smoke alarms located in the ceiling jet to estimate fire size and thereby support decision making by emergency responders. The analysis is restricted to flaming fires that produce turbulent plumes and can be represented by axisymmetric point sources. Two different smoke yields from the literature are used to obtain ceiling jet smoke density from JET. Depending on the value of the smoke yield used, the predictions of JET follow or do not follow the photoelectric smoke alarm signals. This suggests that additional information about how smoke yields are measured or that a better calibration technique is required in order to accurately model smoke alarm response. C1 [Davis, William; Marsh, Nathan; Selepak, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Davis, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.davis@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1042-3915 J9 J FIRE PROT ENG JI J. Fire Prot. Eng. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 21 IS 2 BP 141 EP 166 DI 10.1177/1042391510388879 PG 26 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 763VA UT WOS:000290586600004 ER PT J AU Tseng, IH Watson, SS Sung, LP AF Tseng, I-Hsiang Watson, Stephanie S. Sung, Li-Piin TI Characterizing the dynamic behavior of nano-TiO2 agglomerates in suspensions by photocorrelation spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Photocorrelation spectroscopy; Nanoparticle; Agglomerate; Non-ergodic; Tio(2) ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; AGGREGATION; NANOPARTICLES; POLYMERS AB Metal oxide nanoparticles are small but easily form agglomerates in suspension, depending on the strength of particle-particle and particle-media interactions. To understand the agglomeration behavior of nanoparticles in media and relate to it to product performance testing, measurement methods are desired to characterize highly scattering metal oxide nanoparticle suspensions without dilution. In this article, we describe the advantages of using photocorrelation spectroscopy (PCS) in a backscattering detection configuration to carry out a realistic agglomerate size measurement in multiple scattering media found in most metal oxide nanoparticle suspensions. The dynamic behavior of nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles in buffer solutions of different chemical composition and pH values was investigated as a sample system using PCS. The resulting autocorrelation functions (AFs) at different time intervals, particle concentrations, and pH values were measured at several detection angles. The AF exhibits a multi-mode relaxation time feature and the calculated hydrodynamic diameters strongly depended on media composition and detection angle. This result indicates that the size and dispersion of nano-TiO2 agglomerates are significantly affected by solution media. A measurement protocol for determining size and dispersion of metal oxide particles in media is proposed and related to a performance test found in industry. C1 [Tseng, I-Hsiang; Watson, Stephanie S.; Sung, Li-Piin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Watson, SS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephanie.watson@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 13 IS 5 BP 2195 EP 2204 DI 10.1007/s11051-010-9977-3 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 763RO UT WOS:000290577600037 ER PT J AU Mendelssohn, R AF Mendelssohn, Roy TI The STAMP Software for State Space Models SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE STAMP; state space methods; unobserved components; Nile river; Pacific decadal oscillation; north Pacific high; El Nino ID PACIFIC; NOISE AB This paper reviews the use of STAMP (Structural Time Series Analyser, Modeler and Predictor) for modeling time series data using state-space methods with unobserved components. STAMP is a commercial, GUI-based program that runs on Windows, Linux and Macintosh computers as part of the larger OxMetrics System. STAMP can estimate a wide-variety of both univariate and multivariate state-space models, provides a wide array of diagnostics, and has a batch mode capability. The use of STAMP is illustrated for the Nile river data which is analyzed throughout this issue, as well as by modeling a variety of oceanographic and climate related data sets. The analyses of the oceanographic and climate data illustrate the breadth of models available in STAMP, and that state-space methods produce results that provide new insights into important scientific problems. C1 NOAA, NMFS, SWFSC, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Mendelssohn, R (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, SWFSC, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM roy.mendelssohn@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL STATISTICAL SOFTWARE PI LOS ANGELES PA UCLA DEPT STATISTICS, 8130 MATH SCIENCES BLDG, BOX 951554, LOS ANGELES, CA 90095-1554 USA SN 1548-7660 J9 J STAT SOFTW JI J. Stat. Softw. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 41 IS 2 BP 1 EP 18 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 763AX UT WOS:000290526400001 ER PT J AU Neta, P Stein, SE AF Neta, Pedatsur Stein, Stephen E. TI Charge States of y Ions in the Collision-Induced Dissociation of Doubly Charged Tryptic Peptide Ions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Peptide; Proteomics; Fragmentation; Electrospray ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-PHASE BASICITIES; PROTON AFFINITIES; NEUTRAL LOSS; AMINO-ACIDS; FRAGMENTATION; ABUNDANCE; CLEAVAGE; SPECTRA; IDENTIFICATION AB Bonds that break in collision-induced dissociation (CID) are often weakened by a nearby proton, which can, in principle, be carried away by either of the product fragments. Since peptide backbone dissociation is commonly charge-directed, relative intensities of charge states of product y- and b-ions depend on the final location of that proton. This study examines y-ion charge distributions for dissociation of doubly charged peptide ions, using a large reference library of peptide ion fragmentation generated from ion-trap CID of peptide ions from tryptic digests. Trends in relative intensities of y(2+) and y(1+) ions are examined as a function of bond cleavage position, peptide length (n), residues on either side of the bond and effects of residues remote from the bond. It is found that y(n-2)/b(2) dissociation is the most sensitive to adjacent amino acids, that y(2+)/y(1+) steadily increase with increasing peptide length, that the N-terminal amino acid can have a major influence in all dissociations, and in some cases other residues remote from the bond cleavage exert significant effects. Good correlation is found between the values of y(2+)/y(1+) for the peptide and the proton affinities of the amino acids present at the dissociating peptide bond. A few deviations from this correlation are rationalized by specific effects of the amino acid residues. These correlations can be used to estimate trends in y(2+)/y(1+) ratios for peptide ions from amino acid proton affinities. C1 [Neta, Pedatsur; Stein, Stephen E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stein, SE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steve.stein@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 22 IS 5 BP 898 EP 905 DI 10.1007/s13361-011-0089-9 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 762EA UT WOS:000290454300011 PM 21472524 ER PT J AU Olson, J AF Olson, Julia TI Understanding and contextualizing social impacts from the privatization of fisheries: An overview SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review ID INDIVIDUAL TRANSFERABLE QUOTAS; ROCK LOBSTER FISHERY; NEW-ZEALAND FISHERY; NEOLIBERALISING NATURE; COMMERCIAL FISHERIES; ICELANDIC FISHERIES; PROPERTY-RIGHTS; COD FISHERY; MANAGEMENT; COMMUNITY AB Fisheries management around the world has experimented with regulations to promote privatization, in order to reach such multifaceted goals as ending overfishing and reducing economic inefficiencies. This review surveys a wide range of empirical experiences in different contexts around the world to help provide a fuller picture of potential and sometimes disparate consequences from privatization in general and new ways of organizing around fishing that can follow in the wake of such measures. Looking at the many different participants in the fishing industry-from crew, small-boat owners, to households and communities-as well as the diverse sociocultural contexts in which fishing takes place, enables a better understanding of who and what is impacted, how they are impacted, why and with what further consequences, such that communities come to be seen less oppositional to economy, but rather constituted by multiple scalar processes and by economic relations comprising different motivations and behaviors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Olson, J (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM julia.olson@noaa.gov NR 92 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 EI 1873-524X J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 54 IS 5 BP 353 EP 363 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2011.02.002 PG 11 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA 757IK UT WOS:000290078500001 ER PT J AU Morrill, JS Floyd, L Ulrich, R Weaver, S McMullin, D AF Morrill, J. S. Floyd, L. Ulrich, R. Weaver, S. McMullin, D. TI Estimating the Mg ii Index from 1961 Through 1981 Using Ca ii K Images from the Mt Wilson Observatory SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Solar UV spectrum; Solar activity; Mg II index; Ca II K activity ID SOLAR IRRADIANCE; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE AB An empirical model of solar UV spectral irradiance has been developed that is based on observed spectral radiance measurements and full disk Ca ii K images. The Mg ii index is then calculated from the estimated spectra in a narrow wavelength range (180 ) near the Mg ii doublet at 2800 . Our long term goal is to expand this wavelength range from 10 to 4000 in continuing studies based on spectral data covering this wavelength range (e.g. Skylab, UARS/SUSIM, TIMED/SEE, etc.). Our previous modeling effort produced spectra in this 180 range and the resulting Mg ii index values for the period from 1991 through 1995 and we have used observations during this time period to validate the model results. The current paper presents results from this model based on a 21-year portion of the recently digitized Ca ii K images from the Mt Wilson Observatory (MWO) film archive. Here we present details of the model, the required model modifications, and the resulting Mg ii index from 1961 through 1981. Since the NOAA Mg ii index did not begin until 1978, the present model results are compared to a Mg ii index estimated from the F-10.7 radio flux over this 21-year period. The NOAA Mg ii index, which is derived from measured UV spectra, is also included for comparison from late 1978 through 1981. C1 [Morrill, J. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Floyd, L.] Interferometrics, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Ulrich, R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Weaver, S.] NOAA Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [McMullin, D.] Space Syst Res Corp, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. RP Morrill, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeff.morrill@nrl.navy.mil; linton.floyd@nrl.navy.mil; donald.mcmulin@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA [NNH05AB56I, W-10136]; Office of Naval Research FX This research was sponsored by a NASA LWS grants, NNH05AB56I and W-10136, and the Office of Naval Research. The authors wish to thank R. Viereck and M. Snow for providing the NOAA and SORCE Mg II Index values and J. Lean for providing the BBSO images. The sunspot data were downloaded from the NOAA NGDC web site (http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/solar/sunspotregionsdata.html). NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 270 IS 1 BP 109 EP 124 DI 10.1007/s11207-011-9724-7 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 762BN UT WOS:000290447400008 ER PT J AU MacCuspie, RI Rogers, K Patra, M Suo, ZY Allen, AJ Martin, MN Hackley, VA AF MacCuspie, Robert I. Rogers, Kim Patra, Manomita Suo, Zhiyong Allen, Andrew J. Martin, Matthew N. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Challenges for physical characterization of silver nanoparticles under pristine and environmentally relevant conditions SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MANUFACTURED NANOMATERIALS; PARTICLE-SIZE; NANO-SILVER; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; RELEASE; RIVER AB The reported size distribution of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is strongly affected by the underlying measurement method, agglomeration state, and dispersion conditions. A selection of AgNP materials with vendor-reported diameters ranging from 1 nm to 100 nm, various size distributions, and biocompatible capping agents including citrate, starch and polyvinylpyrrolidone were studied. AgNPs were diluted with either deionized water, moderately hard reconstituted water, or moderately hard reconstituted water containing natural organic matter. Rigorous physico-chemical characterization by consensus methods and protocols where available enables an understanding of how the underlying measurement method impacts the reported size measurements, which in turn provides a more complete understanding of the state (size, size distribution, agglomeration, etc.) of the AgNPs with respect to the dispersion conditions. An approach to developing routine screening is also presented. C1 [MacCuspie, Robert I.; Allen, Andrew J.; Martin, Matthew N.; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Martin, Matthew N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rogers, Kim; Patra, Manomita; Suo, Zhiyong] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP MacCuspie, RI (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.maccuspie@nist.gov; rogers.kim@epa.gov RI USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013; Martin, Matthew/N-1154-2015; OI Martin, Matthew/0000-0002-6323-4096; MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499; Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [CHE-0535644]; NIST, University of Maryland [70NANB10H026] FX The use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. ChemMatCARS Sector 15 is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under grant number CHE-0535644. Dr Jan Ilavsky, X-ray Science Division, and Dr Yu-Sheng Chen, ChemMatCARS, both from the Advanced Photon Source, are acknowledged for assistance with measurements. M.N.M. acknowledges support under the NIST American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Award 70NANB10H026 through the University of Maryland. NR 57 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 35 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 13 IS 5 BP 1212 EP 1226 DI 10.1039/c1em10024f PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 758LR UT WOS:000290166800010 PM 21416095 ER PT J AU de la Campa, AMS de la Rosa, J Gonzalez-Castanedo, Y Fernandez-Camacho, R Alastuey, A Querol, X Stein, AF Ramos, JL Rodriguez, S Orellana, IG Nava, S AF Sanchez de la Campa, A. M. de la Rosa, J. Gonzalez-Castanedo, Y. Fernandez-Camacho, R. Alastuey, A. Querol, X. Stein, A. F. Ramos, J. L. Rodriguez, S. Garcia Orellana, I. Nava, S. TI Levels and chemical composition of PM in a city near a large Cu-smelter in Spain SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID INDUSTRIALIZED URBAN SITE; PARTICULATE MATTER PM10; SOUTHWESTERN SPAIN; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; ARSENIC SPECIATION; COPPER SMELTER; SW SPAIN; PM2.5; AEROSOL; ORIGIN AB A long-term series (2001-2008) of chemical analysis of atmospheric particulate matter (PM(10) and PM(2.5)) collected in the city of Huelva (SW Spain) is considered in this study. The impact of emission plumes from one of the largest Cu-smelters in the world on air quality in the city of Huelva is evidenced by the high daily and hourly levels of As, other potentially toxic elements (e.g. Cu, Zn, Cd, Se, Bi, and Pb) in particulate matter, as well as the high levels of some gaseous pollutants (NO(2) and SO(2)). Mean arsenic levels in the PM10 fraction were higher than the target value set by European Directive 2004/107/EC (6 ngAs m(-3)) for 1(st) January 2013. Hourly peak concentrations of As and other metals and elements (Zn, Cu, P and Se) analyzed by PIXE can reach maximum hourly levels as high as 326 ngAs m(-3), 506 ngZn m(-3), 345 ngCu m(-3), 778 ngP m(-3) and 12 ngSe m(-3). The contribution of Cu-smelter emissions to ambient PM is quantified on an annual basis in 2.0-6.7 mu g m(-3) and 1.8-4.2 mu g m(-3) for PM(10) and PM(2.5), respectively. High resolution outputs of the HYSPLIT dispersion model show the geographical distribution of the As ambient levels into the emission plume, suggesting that the working regime of the Cu-smelter factory and the sea breeze circulation are the main factors controlling the impact of the Cu-smelter on the air quality of the city. The results of this work improve our understanding of the behaviour of industrial emission plumes and their impact on air quality of a city, where the population might be exposed to very high ambient concentrations of toxic metals during a few hours. C1 [Sanchez de la Campa, A. M.; Ramos, J. L.] CSIC, Estn Expt Zaidin, E-18008 Granada, Spain. [Sanchez de la Campa, A. M.; de la Rosa, J.; Gonzalez-Castanedo, Y.; Fernandez-Camacho, R.; Rodriguez, S.; Garcia Orellana, I.] Univ Huelva, Associate Unit, Univ Huelva Atmospher Pollut, Ctr Res Sustainable Chem CIQSO,CSIC, E-21071 Huelva, Spain. [Alastuey, A.; Querol, X.] CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res IDAEA, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Stein, A. F.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Garcia Orellana, I.] Natl Accelerator Ctr, E-41092 Seville, Spain. [Nava, S.] INFN Sez Firenze, Dipartimento Fis, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. RP de la Campa, AMS (reprint author), CSIC, Estn Expt Zaidin, C Prof Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain. EM ana.sanchez@pi.uhu.es RI Stein, Ariel/G-1330-2012; Alastuey, Andres/E-1706-2014; Querol, Xavier/E-2800-2014; Sanchez de la Campa, Ana Maria/L-4456-2014; Fernandez Camacho, Rocio/L-4567-2014; Gonzalez Castanedo, Yolanda/L-5078-2014; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014; de la Rosa, Jesus Damian/C-9385-2011; Rodriguez, Sergio/J-5365-2015 OI Ramos, Juan L./0000-0002-8731-7435; Alastuey, Andres/0000-0002-5453-5495; Querol, Xavier/0000-0002-6549-9899; Sanchez de la Campa, Ana Maria/0000-0003-1917-0280; Fernandez Camacho, Rocio/0000-0002-3666-1068; Gonzalez Castanedo, Yolanda/0000-0002-1005-4892; Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198; de la Rosa, Jesus Damian/0000-0001-6644-8754; Rodriguez, Sergio/0000-0002-1727-3107 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [CGL2005-05693-C03-01, CS2007-0067 GRACCIE]; Autonomous Government of Andalusia [2007-RNM 02729, RNM-03125] FX This work was developed within the framework of project CGL2005-05693-C03-01 and was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and Project CS2007-0067 GRACCIE by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Also, we would like to thank the Autonomous Government of Andalusia for financing this work (Projects 2007-RNM 02729 and RNM-03125). We would like to thank the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for providing the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model. Thanks also go to the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Laboratory for Atmospheres, Greenbelt (MD, USA), the Atmospheric Modeling and Weather Forecasting Group from the University of Athens and NASA's SeaWIFS Project for the valuable information supplied by the TOMS and SKIRON aerosol maps and satellite images. NR 41 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 13 IS 5 BP 1276 EP 1287 DI 10.1039/c0em00708k PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 758LR UT WOS:000290166800017 ER PT J AU Litvin, SY Guida, VG Weinstein, MP AF Litvin, S. Y. Guida, V. G. Weinstein, M. P. TI Lipid class dynamics and storage depots in juvenile weakfish Cynoscion regalis and their application to condition assessment SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biochemical condition; free fatty acids; lipid allocation; lipid storage; triacylglycerol ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT; COD GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC SALMON; WINTER MORTALITY; STABLE-ISOTOPE; DELAWARE BAY; NUTRITIONAL CONDITION; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS AB Lipid class dynamics, the pattern of change in the primary form and location of lipid stores and their relationship with standard length (L-S), were investigated in collections of young-of-the-year weakfish Cynoscion regalis for the purpose of determining the utility of this analysis as an indication of condition. The separation of total lipids into individual classes and the analysis of potential storage depots revealed the general patterns of lipid class dynamics and energy storage in C. regalis during their period of juvenile estuarine residency. Phospholipid and cholesterol exhibited moderate but variable (8.1-40.0 and 1.3-21.5 mg g(-1), respectively) concentrations across the entire juvenile period and were the predominant lipid classes in juveniles <100 mm L-S, while wax ester concentrations were low (c. 1 mg g(-1)) and exhibited the least amount of variability among lipid classes. Triacylglycerols (TAG) and free fatty acids (FFA) exhibited similar dynamics, with relatively low concentrations (<15 mg g(-1)) in individuals <= 100 mm L-S. In larger juveniles both TAG and FFA concentrations generally increased rapidly, though there was considerable variability in both measures (0.0-199.7 and 0.0-49.7 mg g(-1), respectively). Increasing levels of lipids, primarily in the form of TAG, with size indicated an accumulation of energy reserves with growth, thus providing an indication of individual condition for larger juveniles. Separate analysis of liver, viscera and the remaining carcass indicated that liver and viscera did not represent a significant depot of TAG reserves. Analysis of samples derived from whole juvenile C. regalis thus provided an accurate estimate of energy reserves. (C) 2011 The Authors Journal of Fish Biology (C) 2011 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Litvin, S. Y.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Guida, V. G.] NOAA, Natl Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. [Weinstein, M. P.] Montclair State Univ, Inst Sustainabil Studies, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. RP Litvin, SY (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, 120 Oceanview Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM litvin@stanford.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA 86FD0109, NA 17RG1396]; Marsh Ecology Research Program; Estuary Enhancement Program (EEP) FX Funding was provided by grants NA 86FD0109 [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Saltonstall-Kennedy (SK)] and NA 17RG1396 [NOAA Aquatic Nuisance Species (ANS)], the Marsh Ecology Research Program and the Estuary Enhancement Program (EEP). We thank J. Balletto of the EEP for his support and A. Carlisle and two anonymous reviewers for their comments. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 78 IS 5 BP 1294 EP 1310 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.02918.x PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 758OJ UT WOS:000290174000003 PM 21539543 ER PT J AU Wood, VT White, LW AF Wood, Vincent T. White, Luther W. TI A New Parametric Model of Vortex Tangential-Wind Profiles: Development, Testing, and Verification SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TORNADO-LIKE VORTICES; DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; DUST DEVILS; DYNAMICS; STORM; KANSAS; TEXAS AB A new parametric model of vortex tangential-wind profiles is presented that is primarily designed to depict realistic-looking tangential wind profiles such as those in intense atmospheric vortices arising in dust devils, waterspouts, tornadoes, mesocyclones, and tropical cyclones. The profile employs five key parameters: maximum tangential wind, radius of maximum tangential wind, and three power-law exponents that shape different portions of the velocity profile. In particular, a new parameter is included controlling the broadly or sharply peaked profile in the annular zone of tangential velocity maximum. Different combinations of varying the model parameters are considered to investigate and understand their effects on the physical behaviors of tangential wind and corresponding vertical vorticity profiles. Additionally, the parametric tangential velocity and vorticity profiles are favorably compared to those of an idealized Rankine model and also those of a theoretical stagnant core vortex model in which no tangential velocity exists within a core boundary and a potential flow occurs outside the core. Furthermore, the parametric profiles are evaluated against and compared to those of two other idealized vortex models (Burgers-Rott and Sullivan). The comparative profiles indicate very good agreements with low root-mean-square errors of a few tenths of a meter per second and high correlation coefficients of nearly one. Thus, the veracity of the parametric model is demonstrated. C1 [Wood, Vincent T.] NOAA, NSSL, Natl Weather Ctr, OAR,Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [White, Luther W.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Math, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Wood, VT (reprint author), NOAA, NSSL, Natl Weather Ctr, OAR,Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM vincent.wood@noaa.gov NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 68 IS 5 BP 990 EP 1006 DI 10.1175/2011JAS3588.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 760YL UT WOS:000290360700005 ER PT J AU Mahoney, KM Lackmann, GM AF Mahoney, Kelly M. Lackmann, Gary M. TI The Sensitivity of Momentum Transport and Severe Surface Winds to Environmental Moisture in Idealized Simulations of a Mesoscale Convective System SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TRAILING STRATIFORM REGIONS; MIDLATITUDE SQUALL LINE; LOW-LEVEL MESOVORTICES; BOW ECHOES; PART II; THERMODYNAMIC STRUCTURE; PROXIMITY SOUNDINGS; REAR-INFLOW; EVOLUTION; PRECIPITATION AB Analysis of a pair of three-dimensional simulations of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) reveals a significant sensitivity of convective momentum transport (CMT), MCS motion, and the generation of severe surface winds to ambient moisture. The Weather Research and Forecasting model is used to simulate an idealized MCS, which is compared with an MCS in a drier midlevel environment. The MCS in the drier environment is smaller, moves slightly faster, and exhibits increased descent and more strongly focused areas of enhanced CMT near the surface in the trailing stratiform region relative to that in the control simulation. A marked increase in the occurrence of severe surface winds is observed between the dry midlevel simulation and the control. It is shown that the enhanced downward motion associated with decreased midlevel relative humidity affects CMT fields and contributes to an increase in the number of grid-cell occurrences of severe surface winds. The role of a descending rear-inflow jet in producing strong surface winds at locations trailing the gust front is also analyzed, and is found to be associated with low-level CMT maxima, particularly in the drier midlevel simulation. C1 [Mahoney, Kelly M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, USBR,UCAR Visiting Scientist Program, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lackmann, Gary M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Mahoney, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, USBR,UCAR Visiting Scientist Program, 325 Broadway,R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kelly.mahoney@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0603760]; NOAA; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Drs. Matt Parker, Sandra Yuter, Anantha Aiyyer, Jeff Trapp, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful discussions of this research, as well as Kevin Hill for the prototype of the initial conditions software and CFAD plotting programs. Gratitude is also extended to the Renaissance Computing Institute for providing computer resources for this work, and also Matt Pyle (NCEP) for assistance with WRF postprocessing. Support for this research was afforded by National Science Foundation Grant ATM-0603760, awarded to North Carolina State University, as well as additional time and resources from the UCAR PACE Program, funded by NOAA, and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. The authors would also like to thank NCAR and the National Science Foundation for the availability of the WRF model, and Unidata for the GEMPAK software package. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 139 IS 5 BP 1352 EP 1369 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3468.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 759JQ UT WOS:000290237000004 ER PT J AU Clark, AJ Kain, JS Stensrud, DJ Xue, M Kong, FY Coniglio, MC Thomas, KW Wang, YH Brewster, K Gao, JD Wang, XG Weiss, SJ Du, J AF Clark, Adam J. Kain, John S. Stensrud, David J. Xue, Ming Kong, Fanyou Coniglio, Michael C. Thomas, Kevin W. Wang, Yunheng Brewster, Keith Gao, Jidong Wang, Xuguang Weiss, Steven J. Du, Jun TI Probabilistic Precipitation Forecast Skill as a Function of Ensemble Size and Spatial Scale in a Convection-Allowing Ensemble SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; LATERAL BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; PART I; QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION; EXPLICIT FORECASTS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; SYSTEM ARPS; MODEL; VERIFICATION; SENSITIVITY AB Probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts (PQPFs) from the storm-scale ensemble forecast system run by the Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms during the spring of 2009 are evaluated using area under the relative operating characteristic curve (ROC area). ROC area, which measures discriminating ability, is examined for ensemble size n from 1 to 17 members and for spatial scales ranging from 4 to 200 km. Expectedly, incremental gains in skill decrease with increasing n. Significance tests comparing ROC areas for each n to those of the full 17-member ensemble revealed that more members are required to reach statistically indistinguishable PQPF skill relative to the full ensemble as forecast lead time increases and spatial scale decreases. These results appear to reflect the broadening of the forecast probability distribution function (PDF) of future atmospheric states associated with decreasing spatial scale and increasing forecast lead time. They also illustrate that efficient allocation of computing resources for convection-allowing ensembles requires careful consideration of spatial scale and forecast length desired. C1 [Clark, Adam J.; Kain, John S.; Stensrud, David J.; Coniglio, Michael C.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Xue, Ming; Kong, Fanyou; Thomas, Kevin W.; Wang, Yunheng; Brewster, Keith; Gao, Jidong; Wang, Xuguang] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Xue, Ming; Wang, Xuguang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Weiss, Steven J.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Du, Jun] NOAA, NWS, NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Clark, AJ (reprint author), NSSL FRDD, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM adam.clark@noaa.gov RI Wang, Xuguang/C-5458-2013; Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 FU National Research Council; NOAA/CSTAR; NSF-ITR [ATM-0331594]; NSF [ATM-0802888] FX A National Research Council Post-doctoral Award supported AJC. SSEF forecasts were primarily supported by the NOAA/CSTAR program, and were produced at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center and the National Institute of Computational Science at the University of Tennessee. Supplementary support was provided by NSF-ITR Project LEAD (ATM-0331594), NSF Grant ATM-0802888, and other NSF grants to CAPS. Comments from two anonymous reviewers helped improve the manuscript. NR 52 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 139 IS 5 BP 1410 EP 1418 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3624.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 759JQ UT WOS:000290237000007 ER PT J AU Zhang, JA Marks, FD Montgomery, MT Lorsolo, S AF Zhang, Jun A. Marks, Frank D. Montgomery, Michael T. Lorsolo, Sylvie TI An Estimation of Turbulent Characteristics in the Low-Level Region of Intense Hurricanes Allen (1980) and Hugo (1989) SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; CONVECTIVE VERTICAL MOTIONS; INSTRUMENT WETTING ERRORS; TROPICAL CYCLONE CORE; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; PART I; INNER-CORE; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; ISABEL 2003 AB This study analyzes the flight-level data collected by research aircraft that penetrated the eyewalls of category 5 Hurricane Hugo (1989) and category 4 Hurricane Allen (1980) between 1 km and the sea surface. Estimates of turbulent momentum flux, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), and vertical eddy diffusivity are obtained before and during the eyewall penetrations. Spatial scales of turbulent eddies are determined through a spectral analysis. The turbulence parameters estimated for the eyewall penetration leg are found to be nearly an order of magnitude larger than those for the leg outside the eyewall at similar altitudes. In the low-level intense eyewall region, the horizontal length scale of the dominant turbulent eddies is found to be between 500 and 3000 m, and the corresponding vertical length scale is approximately 100 m. The results suggest also that it is unwise to include eyewall vorticity maxima (EVM) in the turbulence parameter estimation because the EVMs are likely to be quasi-two-dimensional vortex structures that are embedded within the three-dimensional turbulence on the inside edge of the eyewall. This study is a first attempt at estimating the characteristics of turbulent flow in the low-level troposphere of an intense eyewall using in situ aircraft observations. The authors believe that the results can offer useful guidance in numerical weather prediction efforts aimed at improving the forecast of hurricane intensity. Because of the small sample size analyzed in this study, further analyses of the turbulent characteristics in the high-wind region of hurricanes are imperative. C1 [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Jun A.; Marks, Frank D.; Montgomery, Michael T.; Lorsolo, Sylvie] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Zhang, JA (reprint author), Univ Miami, CIMAS, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jun.zhang@noaa.gov RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; FU NOAA; National Research Council; ONR; Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California FX This work was supported through NOAA HFIP program. JZ also acknowledges the support from the National Research Council Research Associateship Award. MTM acknowledges support by NOAA, ONR, and the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. We appreciate comments from Roger Smith, Mark Powell, and Joe Cione that have helped improve both thought and presentation. We also thank Mark Donelan and William Drennan for constructive suggestions. Finally, we thank two anonymous reviewers for their substantive comments. NR 67 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 139 IS 5 BP 1447 EP 1462 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3435.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 759JQ UT WOS:000290237000009 ER PT J AU Fierro, AO Shao, XM Hamlin, T Reisner, JM AF Fierro, Alexandre O. Shao, Xuan-Min Hamlin, Timothy Reisner, Jon M. TI Evolution of Eyewall Convective Events as Indicated by Intracloud and Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Activity during the Rapid Intensification of Hurricanes Rita and Katrina SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NARROW BIPOLAR EVENTS; SFERIC ARRAY LASA; TROPICAL CYCLONES; SCALE CHARACTERISTICS; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; HOT TOWERS; ELECTRIFICATION; ATLANTIC; STORM; INTENSITY AB Lightning data (cloud-to-ground plus intracloud) obtained from the Los Alamos Sferic Array (LASA) for 2005's Hurricanes Rita and Katrina were analyzed to provide a first insight into the three-dimensional electrical activity of rapidly intensifying hurricanes. This information is crucial for modelers aiming at better forecasting hurricane intensity, because it is inherently related to key structural aspects of the storm often misrepresented in numerical models. Analysis of the intracloud narrow bipolar events (NBEs) for Rita revealed a general increase in discharge heights during the period of rapid intensification. The results also showed that for the case of Rita, NBEs were useful in tracking and mapping the evolution of individual strong convective elements embedded in the eyewall during rapid intensification. Those results are particularly revealing, and suggest that the general increase in height of the intracloud lightning is an aggregate consequence of numerous short-lived convective events rotating rapidly around the eyewall of Rita. A similar rise in discharge heights during periods of intensification was also observed for Katrina. However, the NBE lightning data show that for Katrina, the eyewall convection persisted for several hours at a fixed location instead of rotating cyclonically along the eyewall. This highlights the idea that NBE lightning data can also be used to identify different convective regimes attributed to possibly different internal or external forcing mechanism(s). C1 [Fierro, Alexandre O.; Reisner, Jon M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Shao, Xuan-Min; Hamlin, Timothy] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fierro, AO (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Suite 2100,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM afterro@ou.edu RI Fierro, Alexandre/C-4733-2014 OI Fierro, Alexandre/0000-0002-4859-1255 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Los Alamos National Laboratory FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and the LDRD program of the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Edward "Ted" Mansell, Dr. Don MacGorman, Dr. Conrad Ziegler, and Dr. Chris Jeffery for providing helpful suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Dave Vollaro and one anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments. Thanks also go out to Steve Guimond for providing the 3D radar data used to create Fig. 6. NR 56 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 139 IS 5 BP 1492 EP 1504 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3532.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 759JQ UT WOS:000290237000011 ER PT J AU Janjic, Z Janjic, T Vasic, R AF Janjic, Zavisa Janjic, Tijana Vasic, Ratko TI A Class of Conservative Fourth-Order Advection Schemes and Impact of Enhanced Formal Accuracy on Extended-Range Forecasts SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; FINITE-DIFFERENCE METHODS; FLUX-CORRECTED TRANSPORT; ENERGY CONSERVING SCHEME; ENSTROPHY; SCALE AB Starting from three Eulerian second-order nonlinear advection schemes for semi-staggered Arakawa grids B/E, advection schemes of fourth order of formal accuracy were developed. All three second-order advection schemes control the nonlinear energy cascade in case of nondivergent flow by conserving quadratic quantities. Linearization of all three schemes leads to the same second-order linear advection scheme. The second-order term of the truncation error of the linear advection scheme has a special form so that it can be eliminated by modifying the advected quantity while still preserving consistency. Tests with linear advection of a cone confirm the advantage of the fourth-order scheme. However, if a localized, large amplitude and high wave-number pattern is present in initial conditions, the clear advantage of the fourth-order scheme disappears. The new nonlinear fourth-order schemes are quadratic conservative and reduce to the Arakawa Jacobian for advected quantities in case of nondivergent flow. In case of general flow the conservation properties of the new momentum advection schemes impose stricter constraint on the nonlinear cascade than the original second-order schemes. However, for nondivergent flow, the conservation properties of the fourth-order schemes cannot be proven in the same way as those of the original second-order schemes. Therefore, demanding long-term and low-resolution nonlinear tests were carried out in order to investigate how well the fourth-order schemes control the nonlinear energy cascade. All schemes were able to maintain meaningful solutions throughout the test. Finally, the impact was examined of the fourth-order momentum advection on global medium-range forecasts. The 500-hPa anomaly correlation coefficient obtained using the best performing fourth-order scheme did not show an improvement compared to the tests using its second-order counterpart. C1 [Janjic, Zavisa] NCEP, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Janjic, Tijana] Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Vasic, Ratko] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Janjic, Z (reprint author), NCEP, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM zavisa.janjic@noaa.gov RI Janjic, Tijana/E-6727-2013 OI Janjic, Tijana/0000-0002-8837-0879 NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 139 IS 5 BP 1556 EP 1568 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3448.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 759JQ UT WOS:000290237000015 ER PT J AU Juang, HMH AF Juang, Hann-Ming Henry TI A Multiconserving Discretization with Enthalpy as a Thermodynamic Prognostic Variable in Generalized Hybrid Vertical Coordinates for the NCEP Global Forecast System SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEME; SEMI-IMPLICIT METHOD; TIME INTEGRATION; SPECTRAL MODEL AB A new vertical discretization used in the atmospheric dynamics of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) is illustrated, with enthalpy as the thermodynamic prognostic variable to reduce computation in thermodynamic equations while concerning all gas tracers in the model. Mass, energy, entropy, and angular momentum conservations are utilized as constraints to discretize the vertical integration with a finite-difference scheme. A specific definition of a generalized hybrid vertical coordinate, including sigma, isobaric, and isentropic surfaces, is introduced to define pressure at the model levels. Vertical fluxes are obtained by the equation of local changes in variables defined for vertical coordinates at all model layers. The forward-weighting semi-implicit time scheme is utilized to eliminate computational noise for stable integration. Because of time splitting between the dynamic and physics processes, the vertical advection is required both in the model dynamics and model physics, and the semi-implicit time scheme is used both in dynamics and after physics computation. Three configurations-sigma, sigma pressure, and sigma entropy-from the specific hybrid vertical coordinates with layer definition similar to NCEP operational GFS have been implemented in the NCEP GFS. Results from the sigma-isentropic coordinate show the largest anomaly correlation and the smallest root-mean-square error in tropical wind among all results at all layers, especially the upper layers. The scores from a period of daily forecast up to 5 days with the sigma-isentropic coordinate show the same level of skill as compared to the NCEP operational GFS. The results from the hurricane tracks for the fall of 2005 with sigma-isentropic coordinates show better scores compared with the operational GFS. C1 [Juang, Hann-Ming Henry] NOAA NWS NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Juang, HMH (reprint author), NOAA Sci Ctr, Room 207,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM henry.juang@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 139 IS 5 BP 1583 EP 1607 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3295.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 759JQ UT WOS:000290237000017 ER PT J AU Chen, SG Wu, CC Chen, JH Chou, KH AF Chen, Shin-Gan Wu, Chun-Chieh Chen, Jan-Huey Chou, Kun-Hsuan TI Validation and Interpretation of Adjoint-Derived Sensitivity Steering Vector as Targeted Observation Guidance SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL VORTICITY PERSPECTIVES; TRANSFORM KALMAN FILTER; TYPHOON SHANSHAN 2006; ADAPTIVE OBSERVING GUIDANCE; ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES; ENSEMBLE-TRANSFORM; MIDLATITUDE TROUGH; SINGULAR VECTORS; DROPWINDSONDE OBSERVATIONS; SYNOPTIC SURVEILLANCE AB The adjoint-derived sensitivity steering vector (ADSSV) has been proposed and applied as a guidance for targeted observation in the field programs for improving tropical cyclone predictability, such as The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Pacific Asian Regional Campaign (T-PARC). The ADSSV identifies sensitive areas at the observing time to the steering flow at the verifying time through adjoint calculation. In addition, the ability of the ADSSV to represent signals of influence from synoptic systems such as the midlatitude trough and the subtropical high prior to the recurvature of Typhoon Shanshan (2006) has also been demonstrated. In this study, the impact of initial perturbations associated with the high or low ADSSV sensitivity on model simulations is investigated by systematically perturbing initial vorticity fields in the case of Shanshan. Results show that experiments with the perturbed initial conditions located in the high ADSSV area (i.e., the midlatitude trough and the subtropical high) lead to more track deflection relative to the unperturbed control run than experiments with perturbations in the low sensitivity area. The evolutions of the deep-layer-mean steering flow and the direction of the ADSSV are compared to provide conceptual interpretation and validation on the physical meaning of the ADSSV. Concerning the results associated with the perturbed regions in high sensitivity regions, the variation of the steering flow within the verifying area due to the initial perturbations is generally consistent with that of the direction of the ADSSV. In addition, the bifurcation between the ADSSV and the steering change becomes larger with the increased integration time. However, the result for the perturbed region in the low-sensitivity region indicates that the steering change does not have good agreement with the ADSSV. The large initial perturbations to the low-sensitivity region may interact with the trough to the north due to the nonlinearity, which may not be accounted for in the ADSSV. Furthermore, the effect of perturbations specifically within the sensitive vertical layers is investigated to validate the vertical structure of the ADSSV. The structure of kinetic energy shows that the perturbation associated with the trough (subtropical high) specifically in the mid-to-upper (mid-to-lower) troposphere evolves similarly to that in the deep-layer troposphere, leading to comparable track changes. A sensitivity test in which perturbations are locally introduced in a higher-sensitivity area is conducted to examine the different impact as compared to that perturbed with the broader synoptic feature. C1 [Chen, Shin-Gan; Wu, Chun-Chieh] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Chen, Jan-Huey] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Chou, Kun-Hsuan] Chinese Culture Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Wu, CC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM cwu@typhoon.as.ntu.edu.tw OI Wu, Chun-Chieh/0000-0002-3612-4537 FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC98-2111-M-002-008-MY3, NSC97-2917-I-002-147]; Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan [MOTC-CWB-98-6M-01]; Office of Naval Research [N00173-08-1-G007] FX The work is supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan through Grants NSC98-2111-M-002-008-MY3 and NSC97-2917-I-002-147, the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan through Grant MOTC-CWB-98-6M-01, and the Office of Naval Research Grant N00173-08-1-G007. The authors thank Dr. Carolyn A. Reynolds of the Naval Research Laboratory for her helpful suggestions, as well as two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. The authors also thank Sun-Hee Kim and Joe Kwon of the Kongju National University in Korea for providing the Lanczos filtering program. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 139 IS 5 BP 1608 EP 1625 DI 10.1175/2011MWR3490.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 759JQ UT WOS:000290237000018 ER PT J AU Yang, YQ Wang, T Li, GN Huang, Q Gao, QQ Li, JB Liu, GY Luo, J Rao, GH AF Yang, YuQi Wang, T. Li, G. N. Huang, Q. Gao, Q. Q. Li, J. B. Liu, G. Y. Luo, J. Rao, G. H. TI Magnetic structure and preferential occupation of Fe in the composite compound Nd2Co6Fe SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE Nd2Co6Fe; Neutron powder diffraction; Fe occupation; Magnetic structure; Crystal structure ID NEUTRON POWDER-DIFFRACTION; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; FIELD AB The crystal and magnetic structures of the composite compound Nd2Co6Fe have been investigated by high-resolution neutron powder diffraction and X-ray powder diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the hexagonal Ce2Ni7-type structure consisting of Nd(Co,Fe)(2) and Nd(Co,Fe)(5) structural blocks alternately stacked along the c-axis. Multi-pattern Rietveld refinement of neutron diffraction and X-ray diffraction data at room temperature reveal that substitution of Fe for Co occurs exclusively in the Nd(Co, Fe)(5) structural blocks. The preferential occupation of the Fe atoms in the structure is discussed based on the mixing enthalpy between Nd and Fe atoms and on the lattice distortions. In agreement with the reported magnetic phase diagram of the Nd2Co7-xFex compounds, magnetic structure models with the moments of all atoms in the ab plane at 300 K and along the c-axis at 450 K provide a satisfactory fitting to the experimental neutron diffraction data. The refinement results show that the atomic moments of (Co, Fe) atoms within the Nd(Co, Fe)(5) blocks decrease slightly with temperature, whereas the atomic moments of Nd in the compound and of (Co, Fe) atoms at the interface between the Nd(Co,Fe)(2) and Nd(Co,Fe)(5) blocks are reduced significantly. (C) 2011 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, YuQi; Wang, T.; Li, G. N.; Huang, Q.; Gao, Q. Q.; Li, J. B.; Liu, G. Y.; Luo, J.; Rao, G. H.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Li, G. N.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rao, GH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM ghrao@aphy.iphy.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [50631040]; National Basic Research Program of China [2006CB601101, 2006CB605101] FX This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 50631040) and the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant nos. 2006CB601101, 2006CB605101). NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 EI 1873-2135 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 406 IS 10 BP 1995 EP 1999 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2011.03.001 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 759BA UT WOS:000290213600033 ER PT J AU Jin, DS Ye, J AF Jin, Deborah S. Ye, Jun TI Polar molecules in the quantum regime SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article C1 [Jin, Deborah S.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jin, Deborah S.; Ye, Jun] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jin, Deborah S.; Ye, Jun] JILA, Boulder, CO USA. RP Jin, DS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 FU NIST; NSF; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Department of Energy FX We thank our many JILA colleagues and external collaborators who made the work presented here possible, and we thank NIST, NSF, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the Department of Energy for funding. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD MAY PY 2011 VL 64 IS 5 BP 27 EP 31 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 760AA UT WOS:000290291800012 ER PT J AU Reese, MO Gevorgyan, SA Jorgensen, M Bundgaard, E Kurtz, SR Ginley, DS Olson, DC Lloyd, MT Moryillo, P Katz, EA Elschner, A Haillant, O Currier, TR Shrotriya, V Hermenau, M Riede, M Kirov, KR Trimmel, G Rath, T Inganas, O Zhang, FL Andersson, M Tvingstedt, K Lira-Cantu, M Laird, D McGuiness, C Gowrisanker, S Pannone, M Xiao, M Hauch, J Steim, R DeLongchamp, DM Rosch, R Hoppe, H Espinosa, N Urbina, A Yaman-Uzunoglu, G Bonekamp, JB van Breemen, AJJM Girotto, C Voroshazi, E Krebs, FC AF Reese, Matthew O. Gevorgyan, Suren A. Jorgensen, Mikkel Bundgaard, Eva Kurtz, Sarah R. Ginley, David S. Olson, Dana C. Lloyd, Matthew T. Moryillo, Pasquale Katz, Eugene A. Elschner, Andreas Haillant, Olivier Currier, Travis R. Shrotriya, Vishal Hermenau, Martin Riede, Moritz Kirov, Kiril R. Trimmel, Gregor Rath, Thomas Inganas, Olle Zhang, Fengling Andersson, Mattias Tvingstedt, Kristofer Lira-Cantu, Monica Laird, Darin McGuiness, Christine Gowrisanker, Srinivas (Jimmy) Pannone, Michael Xiao, Min Hauch, Jens Steim, Roland DeLongchamp, Dean M. Roesch, Roland Hoppe, Harald Espinosa, Nieves Urbina, Antonio Yaman-Uzunoglu, Gulsah Bonekamp, Joerg-Bernd van Breemen, Albert J. J. M. Girotto, Claudio Voroshazi, Eszter Krebs, Frederik C. TI Consensus stability testing protocols for organic photovoltaic materials and devices SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE Stability; Lifetime; Testing; Protocol; Reporting ID ACCELERATED LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; AUTOMOTIVE COATINGS; MODULES; DEGRADATION AB Procedures for testing organic solar cell devices and modules with respect to stability and operational lifetime are described. The descriptions represent a consensus of the discussion and conclusions reached during the first 3 years of the international summit on OPV stability (ISOS). The procedures include directions for shelf life testing, outdoor testing, laboratory weathering testing and thermal cycling testing, as well as guidelines for reporting data. These procedures are not meant to be qualification tests, but rather generally agreed test conditions and practices to allow ready comparison between laboratories and to help improving the reliability of reported values. Failure mechanisms and detailed degradation mechanisms are not covered in this report. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gevorgyan, Suren A.; Jorgensen, Mikkel; Bundgaard, Eva; Krebs, Frederik C.] Tech Univ Denmark, Riso Natl Lab Sustainable Energy, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Reese, Matthew O.; Kurtz, Sarah R.; Ginley, David S.; Olson, Dana C.; Lloyd, Matthew T.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Moryillo, Pasquale] CR Portici, ENEA, I-80055 Portici, Italy. [Katz, Eugene A.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Solar Energy & Environm Phys, J Blaustein Inst Desert Res, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Elschner, Andreas] Heraeus Clevios GmbH, D-51368 Leverkusen, Germany. [Haillant, Olivier] Atlas Mat Testing Technol GmbH, D-63589 Linsengericht Altenhassl, Germany. [Currier, Travis R.; Shrotriya, Vishal] Solarmer Energy Inc, El Monte, CA 90660 USA. [Hermenau, Martin; Riede, Moritz] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Angew Photophys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Kirov, Kiril R.] Eight 19 Ltd, Unit 9A, Cambridge CB4 0FE, England. [Trimmel, Gregor; Rath, Thomas] Graz Univ Technol, Inst Chem & Technol Mat, Christian Doppler Lab Nanocomposite Solar Cells, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Inganas, Olle; Zhang, Fengling; Andersson, Mattias; Tvingstedt, Kristofer] Linkoping Univ, IFM, Linkoping, Sweden. [Lira-Cantu, Monica] Ctr Invest Nanociencia & Nanotecnol, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. [Laird, Darin; McGuiness, Christine; Gowrisanker, Srinivas (Jimmy); Pannone, Michael; Xiao, Min] Plextronics, Pittsburgh, PA 15238 USA. [Hauch, Jens; Steim, Roland] Konarka Technol GmbH, D-90443 Nurnberg, Germany. [DeLongchamp, Dean M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Roesch, Roland; Hoppe, Harald] Ilmenau Univ Technol, Inst Phys, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany. [Espinosa, Nieves; Urbina, Antonio] Univ Politecn Cartagena, Dept Elect, Cartagena 30202, Spain. [Yaman-Uzunoglu, Gulsah] Natl Metrol Inst, Sci & Technol Res Council Turkey, TR-41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey. [Bonekamp, Joerg-Bernd] Soluxx GmbH, D-50939 Cologne, Germany. [van Breemen, Albert J. J. M.] Holst Ctr TNO, NL-5656 AE Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Girotto, Claudio; Voroshazi, Eszter] IMEC Vzw Organ Photovolta, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Girotto, Claudio; Voroshazi, Eszter] Katholieke Univ Leuven, ESAT, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. RP Krebs, FC (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Riso Natl Lab Sustainable Energy, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM frkr@risoe.dtu.dk RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Girotto, Claudio/A-2097-2009; Hoppe, Harald/P-5293-2014; Andersson, Lars Mattias/N-9474-2015; Rath, Thomas/J-1885-2015; Urbina, Antonio/G-1690-2016; Zhang, Fengling/H-3900-2014; OI Trimmel, Gregor/0000-0001-8922-4163; Tvingstedt, Kristofer/0000-0003-0516-9326; Jorgensen, Mikkel/0000-0002-7729-1497; Krebs, Frederik C/0000-0003-1148-4314; Bundgaard, Eva/0000-0003-3244-5779; Andersson, Lars Mattias/0000-0003-4322-7881; Rath, Thomas/0000-0002-4837-7726; Urbina, Antonio/0000-0002-3961-1007; Zhang, Fengling/0000-0002-1717-6307; Gevorgyan, Suren/0000-0001-9906-5485; Inganas, Olle/0000-0002-6243-1450; Lira-Cantu, Monica/0000-0002-3393-7436 FU Danish Strategic Research Council [DSF 2104-07-0022]; EUDP [64009-0050]; European Community [FP7/2007-2013, 215150]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [BMBF 13N9872]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC366-08GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Hoist Centre; Konarka Technologies, Inc.; Plextronics; Riso DTU; Solarmer Energy, Inc.; ESF (European Science Foundation); NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) FX This work was supported by the Danish Strategic Research Council (DSF 2104-07-0022), EUDP (j. nr. 64009-0050), European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 215150 of the OPERA project partially supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF 13N9872) and the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC366-08GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The following sponsors are acknowledged: Hoist Centre; Konarka Technologies, Inc.; Plextronics; Riso DTU; Solarmer Energy, Inc.; ESF (European Science Foundation); NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory). NR 29 TC 347 Z9 347 U1 18 U2 167 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 EI 1879-3398 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD MAY PY 2011 VL 95 IS 5 SI SI BP 1253 EP 1267 DI 10.1016/j.solmat.2011.01.036 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 760XY UT WOS:000290359200003 ER PT J AU He, C Germack, DS Kline, RJ Delongchamp, DM Fischer, DA Snyder, CR Toney, MF Kushmerick, JG Richter, LJ AF He, Christine Germack, David S. Kline, R. Joseph Delongchamp, Dean M. Fischer, Daniel A. Snyder, Chad R. Toney, Michael F. Kushmerick, James G. Richter, Lee J. TI Influence of substrate on crystallization in polythiophene/fullerene blends SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE Organic photovoltaics; Crystallization; Kinetics; Stability; Morphology ID POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; MORPHOLOGY EVOLUTION; THIN-FILMS; REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES; DEPENDENT MORPHOLOGY; FULLERENE BLENDS; COMPOSITE FILMS; EFFICIENCY AB The nanoscale morphology of the active layer in organic, bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells is crucial to device performance. Often a combination of casting conditions and post deposition thermal treatment is used to optimize the morphology. In general, the development of microscopic crystals is deleterious, as the exciton diffusion length is approximate to 10 nm. We find that the microscopic crystallization behavior in polythiophene/fullerene blends is strongly influenced by the substrate on which the BHJ is cast. With a silicon oxide substrate, the crystal nucleation density is high and significant crystallization occurs at a temperature of 140 degrees C. On more hydrophobic substrates, significantly higher temperatures are required for observable crystallization. This difference is attributed to the interfacial segregation of the PCBM, controlled by the substrate surface energy. The substrate dependence of crystallization has significant implications on the fullerene crystal growth mechanisms and practical implications for device studies. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [He, Christine; Germack, David S.; Kline, R. Joseph; Delongchamp, Dean M.; Fischer, Daniel A.; Snyder, Chad R.; Kushmerick, James G.; Richter, Lee J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Richter, LJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lee.richter@nist.gov RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Snyder, Chad/B-4957-2008; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Snyder, Chad/0000-0002-2916-9809; Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 FU NIST; NRC RAP FX The authors thank Jack Douglas and James Warren for helpful discussions and Plextronics, Inc. for providing the POPT. CH thanks NIST for a Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship. DSG thanks the NRC RAP for financial support. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 35 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 EI 1879-3398 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD MAY PY 2011 VL 95 IS 5 SI SI BP 1375 EP 1381 DI 10.1016/j.solmat.2010.12.035 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 760XY UT WOS:000290359200018 ER PT J AU Kim, IJ Watson, RP Lindstrom, RM AF Kim, In Jung Watson, Russell P. Lindstrom, Richard M. TI Accurate and Precise Measurement of Selenium by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB An accurate and precise measurement of selenium in Standard Reference Material (SRM) 3149, a primary calibration standard for the quantitative determination of selenium, has been accomplished by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) in order to resolve a question arising during the certification process of the standard. Each limiting factor of the uncertainty in the activation analysis, including the sample preparation, irradiation, and gamma-ray spectrometry steps, has been carefully monitored to minimize the uncertainty in the determined mass fraction. Neutron and gamma-ray self-shielding within the elemental selenium INAA standards contributed most significantly to the uncertainty of the measurement. An empirical model compensating for neutron self-shielding and reducing the self-shielding uncertainty was successfully applied to these selenium standards. The mass fraction of selenium in the new lot of SRM 3149 was determined with a relative standard uncertainty of 0.6%. C1 [Watson, Russell P.; Lindstrom, Richard M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, In Jung] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon, South Korea. RP Watson, RP (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM russell.watson@nist.gov RI Watson, Russell/S-2574-2016 OI Watson, Russell/0000-0001-8073-2428 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 9 BP 3493 EP 3498 DI 10.1021/ac200158e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 755SN UT WOS:000289956800040 PM 21466194 ER PT J AU Yang, ZP Hsieh, ML Bur, JA Ci, L Hanssen, LM Wilthan, B Ajayan, PM Lin, SY AF Yang, Zu-Po Hsieh, Mei-Li Bur, James A. Ci, Lijie Hanssen, Leonard M. Wilthan, Boris Ajayan, Pulickel M. Lin, Shawn-Yu TI Experimental observation of extremely weak optical scattering from an interlocking carbon nanotube array SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID BLACK SURFACES; REFLECTANCE; GENERATION; EFFICIENCY; ABSORBER; DENSITY AB We experimentally demonstrate a nearly wavelength-independent optical reflection from an extremely rough carbon nanotube sample. The sample is made of a vertically aligned nanotube array, is a super dark material, and exhibits a near-perfect blackbody emission at T = 450 K-600 K. No other material exhibits such optical properties, i.e., ultralow reflectance accompanied by a lack of wavelength scaling behavior. This observation is a result of the lowest ever measured reflectance (R = 0.0003) of the sample over a broad infrared wavelength of 3 mu m < lambda < 13 mu m. This discovery may be attributed to the unique interlocking surface of the nanotube array, consisting of both a global, large scale and a short-range randomness. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Yang, Zu-Po; Hsieh, Mei-Li; Bur, James A.; Lin, Shawn-Yu] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Hsieh, Mei-Li] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Inst Electroopt Sci & Technol, Taipei, Taiwan. [Ci, Lijie; Ajayan, Pulickel M.] Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Hanssen, Leonard M.; Wilthan, Boris] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin, SY (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM mlh@ntnu.edu.tw; sylin@rpi.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; 慈, 立杰/E-3485-2014 FU United States Department of Energy (DOE)-Basic Energy Science [DE-FG02-06ER46347] FX Z. P. Yang, M. L. Hsieh, S. Y. Lin, and J. A. Bur performed the diffuse reflectance profile and thermal emission measurements. L. M. Hanssen, B. Wilthan, Z. P. Yang, and M. L. Hsieh performed the infrared spectrum measurement. L. Ci and P. M. Ajayan contributed VA-CNT samples. S. Y. Lin and M. L. Hsieh designed the experiments, analyzed the data, and wrote the paper. S. Y. Lin acknowledges financial support from the United States Department of Energy (DOE)-Basic Energy Science under grant DE-FG02-06ER46347. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 50 IS 13 BP 1850 EP 1855 DI 10.1364/AO.50.001850 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 756NH UT WOS:000290018700009 PM 21532663 ER PT J AU Berkowitz, CM Berg, LK Yu, XY Alexander, ML Laskin, A Zaveri, RA Jobson, BT Andrews, E Ogren, JA AF Berkowitz, Carl M. Berg, Larry K. Yu, Xiao-Ying Alexander, M. Lizabeth Laskin, Alexander Zaveri, Rahul A. Jobson, B. Thomas Andrews, Elisabeth Ogren, John A. TI The influence of fog and airmass history on aerosol optical, physical and chemical properties at Pt. Reyes National Seashore SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Aerodyne mass spectrometer; Air quality; Atmospheric aerosol; Ammonia; Ammonium; IMPROVE; Dairy farm; Pt. Reyes National Seashore; Sulfate; Scavenging; Thermal trough ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; MASS-SPECTROMETER; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; UNITED-STATES; ATLANTIC; PARTICLES; AMMONIUM; CHLORIDE; CLOUDS; AIR AB This paper presents an analysis of the aerosol chemical composition, optical properties and size distributions for a range of conditions encountered during a field measurement campaign conducted between July 7-29, 2005 at Point Reyes National Seashore, north of San Francisco, CA. The fractional mass loading derived from hourly measurements of an Aerodyne Mass Spectrometer (AMS) during this period are compared with filter-pack measurements from the Pt. Reyes IMPROVE station with good agreement found between the two if it assumed that chloride is primarily from large sea-salt particles (not measured by the AMS). During the first half of the campaign (July 7-17), conditions at the site were largely maritime while flow during the second half of the campaigns (July 18-29) was influenced by a thermal trough that added a cyclonic twist to the incoming marine air, bringing it from the south with a more extensive over-land trajectory. Neither flow regime was associated with air coming from the San Francisco Bay area to the south. The AMS measurements are partitioned into clear and foggy conditions which are then used to calculate the equivalent molar ratio of ammonium to the sum of sulfate, nitrate and chloride. Ratios calculated from measurements made before the onset of the thermal trough on July 18th were associated with acidic or near-neutral particles. Measurements made after July 18th yield ratios that appear to have excess ammonium. Model calculations of the equilibrium gas-phase mixing ratio of NH3 suggest very high values which we attribute to agricultural practices within the park. Reported as an incidental finding is evidence for the cloud droplet activation of large particles (D-p > 0.2 mu m) with a corresponding reduction in the single scattering albedo of the non-activated particles, followed by a return in the particle size spectrum to the pre-fog conditions immediately afterwards. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Berkowitz, Carl M.; Berg, Larry K.; Yu, Xiao-Ying; Alexander, M. Lizabeth; Laskin, Alexander; Zaveri, Rahul A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Jobson, B. Thomas] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Andrews, Elisabeth] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ogren, John A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Berkowitz, CM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MSIN K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM carl.berkowitz@pnl.gov RI Laskin, Alexander/I-2574-2012; Yu, Xiao-Ying/L-9385-2013; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015; Berg, Larry/A-7468-2016 OI Laskin, Alexander/0000-0002-7836-8417; Yu, Xiao-Ying/0000-0002-9861-3109; Zaveri, Rahul/0000-0001-9874-8807; Jobson, Bertram/0000-0003-1812-9745; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583; Berg, Larry/0000-0002-3362-9492 FU Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RL0] FX Financial support for this study was provided by the Atmospheric Sciences Program (now the Atmospheric Systems Research Program) of the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the use of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model (http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.html) used in this publication, and to the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurements Program for use of the observations collected by the ARM Mobile Facility during the campaign. Acknowledgment is also given to Brannon Ketcham and John DiGregoria of Pt. Reyes National Seashore who provided many useful comments on an early version of this manuscript, and to the anonymous reviewer who provided many constructive suggestions for how to improve the clarity of the manuscript. A portion of the research was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. PNNL is operated by the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RL0. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 45 IS 15 BP 2559 EP 2568 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.02.016 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 757FA UT WOS:000290069400012 ER PT J AU Powell, AM Xu, JJ AF Powell, Alfred M., Jr. Xu, Jianjun TI Possible solar forcing of interannual and decadal stratospheric planetary wave variability in the northern hemisphere: An observational study SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Solar forcing; Stratospheric planetary wave ID PROBABILITY DENSITY DISTRIBUTION; WINTER STRATOSPHERE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; ANNULAR MODES; PART I; CYCLE; MECHANISM; TEMPERATURE; WEATHER; OZONE AB The variability of stratospheric planetary waves and their possible connection with the 11-year solar cycle forcing have been investigated using annual-mean temperatures for the period of 1958-2001 derived from two reanalysis data sets. The significant planetary waves (wavenumbers 1-3) can be identified in the northern mid-high latitudes (55-75 degrees N) in the stratosphere using this data. Comparisons with satellite-retrieved products from the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) confirm the significant planetary wave variability seen in the reanalyses. A planetary wave amplitude index (PWAI) is defined to indicate the strength of the stratospheric planetary waves. The PWAI is derived from Fourier analysis of the temperature field for wavenumbers 1-3 and averaged over 55-75 degrees N latitude and the 70-20 hPa layers. The results include two meaningful inter-annual oscillations (2- and 8-year) and one decadal trend (16-year) that was derived from wavelet analysis. The stratospheric temperature structure of the wave amplitudes appear associated with the Arctic Oscillation (AO) which explicitly changed with the PWAI. The temperature gradients between the polar and mid-high latitudes show opposite tendencies between the top-10 strong and weak wave regimes. The variation of the planetary wave amplitude appears closely related to the solar forcing during the recent four solar cycles (20-23). The peak of the 2-year oscillation occurs synchronously with solar minimum, and is consistent with the negative correlation between the PWAI and the observed solar UV irradiance. The UV changes between the maxima and minima of the 11-year solar cycle impact the temperature structure in the middle-lower stratosphere in the mid-high latitudes and hence influence the planetary waves. During solar maximum, the dominant influence appears to be exerted through changes in static stability, leading to a reduction in planetary wave amplitude. During solar minimum, the dominant influence appears to be exerted through changes in the meridional temperature gradient and vertical wind shear, leading to an enhancement of planetary wave amplitude. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Jianjun] NOAA NESDIS STAR, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Powell, Alfred M., Jr.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Xu, JJ (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, IMSG, 5200 Auth Rd,WWB, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Jianjun.xu@noaa.gov RI Xu, Jianjun/E-7941-2011; Powell, Alfred/G-4059-2010 OI Powell, Alfred/0000-0002-9289-8369 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS); Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS), and Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this publication are those of the authors and should not be considered an official NOAA or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 73 IS 7-8 BP 825 EP 838 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2011.02.001 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 755HO UT WOS:000289919900013 ER PT J AU Powers, JE Brooks, EN AF Powers, Joseph E. Brooks, Elizabeth N. TI CHARACTERIZING SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS BY PRODUCTIVITY AND MORTALITY RATES IN MULTISPECIES MODELS SO NATURAL RESOURCE MODELING LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem indicators; Lotka-Volterra; multispecies models; species abundance distributions; species interactions ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ABUNDANCE PATTERNS; ECOSYSTEM; BIODIVERSITY; INDICATORS AB P>The temporal change in species composition is one dimension that may be used to characterize ecosystems. Multispecies interactions and species abundance (or biomass) distributions can be analyzed by an N-species Lotka-Volterra (LV) system of equations. We derive a statistical approximation to the stationary probability distribution of relative species biomass for a system of interacting species. The distribution is parameterized by the mean and variance of the LV species interaction coefficients and can exhibit a variety of shapes. Given this distribution, one can describe the state of the system, and subsequent perturbations within the system, in terms of shifts in the resulting stable distribution. Theoretical distributions with known properties were compared to distributions estimated from simulations and good agreement was found. Our analytical result could be used to develop "ecosystem indicators" for describing changes in the state of species within an ecosystem. C1 [Powers, Joseph E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Brooks, Elizabeth N.] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Powers, JE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, 2147 Energy,Coast & Env Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jepowers@lsu.edu; liz.brooks@noaa.gov FU National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration through the Marine Fisheries Initiative (MARFIN) [NA05MFIH03, NA07NMF4330124] FX Support for this study was provided by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration through the Marine Fisheries Initiative (MARFIN), grants NA05MFIH03 (2005) and NA07NMF4330124 (2007). NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0890-8575 J9 NAT RESOUR MODEL JI Nat. Resour. Model. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 24 IS 2 BP 157 EP 182 DI 10.1111/j.1939-7445.2010.00086.x PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 754XT UT WOS:000289891900001 ER PT J AU Nugent-Glandorf, L Johnson, TA Kobayashi, Y Diddams, SA AF Nugent-Glandorf, Lora Johnson, Todd A. Kobayashi, Yohei Diddams, Scott A. TI Impact of dispersion on amplitude and frequency noise in a Yb-fiber laser comb SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODE-LOCKED LASERS AB We describe a Yb-fiber-based laser comb, with a focus on the relationship between the net-cavity dispersion and frequency noise on the comb. While tuning the net-cavity dispersion from anomalous to normal, we measure the relative intensity noise, offset frequency (f (CEO)) linewidth, and the resulting frequency noise spectrum on the f (CEO). We find that the laser operating at zero net-cavity dispersion has many advantages, including an approximately 100x reduction in free-running f (CEO) linewidth and frequency noise power spectral density when compared to the normal-dispersion regime. At the zero-dispersion point, we demonstrate a phase-locked f (CEO) beat with low residual noise. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Nugent-Glandorf, Lora; Johnson, Todd A.; Diddams, Scott A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kobayashi, Yohei] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Chiba 2778581, Japan. RP Nugent-Glandorf, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Mail Stop 847,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM LNG@boulder.nist.gov; scott.diddams@nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 FU United States Department of Homeland Security's Science and Technology Directorate through the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX The authors thank IMRA America, Inc., for the use of the suspended-core nonlinear fiber [17]. This research was funded in part by the United States Department of Homeland Security's Science and Technology Directorate through the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). We further thank Ingmar Hartl, Nate Newbury, Frank Quinlan, and Alex Zolot for helpful comments. Any mention of commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by NIST. NR 23 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 6 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 36 IS 9 BP 1578 EP 1580 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 756TJ UT WOS:000290037300018 PM 21540933 ER PT J AU Runov, A Angelopoulos, V Sitnov, M Sergeev, VA Nakamura, R Nishimura, Y Frey, HU McFadden, JP Larson, D Bonnell, J Glassmeier, KH Auster, U Connors, M Russell, CT Singer, HJ AF Runov, A. Angelopoulos, V. Sitnov, M. Sergeev, V. A. Nakamura, R. Nishimura, Y. Frey, H. U. McFadden, J. P. Larson, D. Bonnell, J. Glassmeier, K-H Auster, U. Connors, M. Russell, C. T. Singer, H. J. TI Dipolarization fronts in the magnetotail plasma sheet SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Planetary magnetosphere; Plasma sheet; Reconnection ID EARTHWARD FLOW BURSTS; MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORMS; THEMIS; CLUSTER; MAGNETOMETER; INSTRUMENT; SPACECRAFT; SATELLITE; BUBBLES; ARRAY AB We present a THEMIS study of a dipolarization front associated with a bursty bulk flow (BBF) that was observed in the central plasma sheet sequentially at X= -20.1, -16.7, and -11.0R(E). Simultaneously, the THEMIS ground network observed the formation of a north-south auroral form and intensification of westward auroral zone currents. Timing of the signatures in space suggests earthward propagation of the front at a velocity of 300 km/s. Spatial profiles of current and electron density on the front reveal a spatial scale of 500 km, comparable to an ion inertial length and an ion thermal gyroradius. This kinetic-scale structure traveled a macroscale distance of 10R(E) in about 4 min without loss of coherence. The dipolarization front, therefore, is an example of space plasma cross-scale coupling. THEMIS observations at different geocentric distances are similar to recent particle-in-cell simulations demonstrating the appearance of dipolarization fronts on the leading edge of plasma fast flows in the vicinity of a reconnection site. Dipolarization fronts, therefore, may be interpreted as remote signatures of transient reconnection. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Runov, A.; Angelopoulos, V.; Connors, M.; Russell, C. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Sitnov, M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Sergeev, V. A.] St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. [Nakamura, R.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Nishimura, Y.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Nishimura, Y.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Frey, H. U.; McFadden, J. P.; Larson, D.; Bonnell, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Glassmeier, K-H; Auster, U.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, Braunschweig, Germany. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Connors, M.] Athabasca Univ, Edmonton, AB, Canada. RP Runov, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM arunov@igpp.ucla.edu RI Russell, Christopher/E-7745-2012; Nakamura, Rumi/I-7712-2013; Sitnov, Mikhail/H-2316-2016; Sergeev, Victor/H-1173-2013; OI Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298; Nakamura, Rumi/0000-0002-2620-9211; Sergeev, Victor/0000-0002-4569-9631; Frey, Harald/0000-0001-8955-3282 FU NASA [NAS5-02099, NNX08AD85G]; German Ministry for Economy and Technology; German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) [50 OC 0302] FX We acknowledge NASA contracts NAS5-02099 and NNX08AD85G, the German Ministry for Economy and Technology and the German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR), contract 50 OC 0302. We thank P.L Pritchett and L Lyons for discussions; D. Danskin for providing NRCan CANMOS data; E. Lucek and I. Dandouras for providing Cluster FGM and CIS data; B. Kerr, P. Cruce, M. Feuerstein, E. Penou and J. Hohl for help with software and editing. NR 35 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 59 IS 7 SI SI BP 517 EP 525 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2010.06.006 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 757IG UT WOS:000290078100010 ER PT J AU Liu, MF Zhang, X Zammarano, M Gilman, JW Kashiwagi, T AF Liu, Meifang Zhang, Xin Zammarano, Mauro Gilman, Jeffrey W. Kashiwagi, Takashi TI Flame retardancy of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) by the synergistic interaction between clay and phosphomolybdate hydrates SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE Clay; Flame retardant; Phosphomolybdate; Poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) ID LAYERED-SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; MONTMORILLONITE NANOCOMPOSITE; FLAMMABILITY PROPERTIES; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; HETEROPOLY ACIDS; FERRIC-CHLORIDE; POLYSTYRENE; POLYPROPYLENE; NANOTUBES AB A combination of montmorillonite (MT) clay and catalysts was used to explore possible synergistic effects in reducing the flammability of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN). Several catalysts, including ammonium phosphomolybdate hydrate (NHPMo), melamine phosphomolybdate hydrate (MEPMo), zinc phosphomolybdate hydrate (ZnPMo) and sodium phosphomolybdate hydrate (NaPMo), were used. The combination of MT (Cloisite 20A) with NHPMo showed synergistic enhancement in improving the char formation and reducing the peak mass loss rate of SAN40 as compared with SAN40 composites containing MT or NHPMo alone, while similar synergistic performance was not obtained between MT and NaPMo or ZnPMo or MEPMo. The better flame retardancy with this combination is probably due to the two primary aspects. One is the increased catalytic activity of the combination of Cloisite 20A and NHPMo probably due to the overlapping degradation temperature range of the combination of 20A/NHPMo and SAN40, which probably results in more char formation; the other is more NHPMo being around or on the clay stacks while less is in the galleries of the clay; this probably bridges the clay stacks and strengthens the clay network with char formed during the degradation process. High temperature rheological data confirmed the formation of a stronger network structure in SAN40/20/NHPMo; this benefits flame retardancy by allowing fewer cracks to form in the outer char layer on the polymer mass. The more continuous char layer suppresses bubbles transport of fuel vapors and heat transfer through the char layer, thereby reducing the mass loss rate. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Meifang; Zammarano, Mauro; Gilman, Jeffrey W.; Kashiwagi, Takashi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Meifang] Sichuan Univ, Polymer Res Inst, State Key Lab Polymer Mat Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Xin] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Liu, MF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM meifang.liu@nist.gov; takashi.kashiwagi@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Zhang, Xin/G-7362-2011; zhang, lei/D-1818-2012; OI Zammarano, Mauro/0000-0002-5145-7110 FU China State Scholarship; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [9H9184]; MarylandNanoCenter, NispLab; NSF as an MRSEC Shared Experimental Facility FX MF.L. acknowledges funding partially from the China State Scholarship and partially from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). X.Z. acknowledges the support of the MarylandNanoCenter and its NispLab. The NispLab is supported in part by the NSF as an MRSEC Shared Experimental Facility. T. K. acknowledges funding from the NIST under Grant 9H9184. We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Tom Ohlemiller at the NIST for helping with grammatical corrections. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 96 IS 5 BP 1000 EP 1008 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.01.015 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 757IH UT WOS:000290078200034 ER PT J AU Balmer, BC Schwacke, LH Wells, RS George, RC Hoguet, J Kucklick, JR Lane, SM Martinez, A McLellan, WA Rosel, PE Rowles, TK Sparks, K Speakman, T Zolman, ES Pabst, DA AF Balmer, Brian C. Schwacke, Lori H. Wells, Randall S. George, R. Clay Hoguet, Jennifer Kucklick, John R. Lane, Suzanne M. Martinez, Anthony McLellan, William A. Rosel, Patricia E. Rowles, Teri K. Sparks, Kate Speakman, Todd Zolman, Eric S. Pabst, D. Ann TI Relationship between persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and ranging patterns in common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from coastal Georgia, USA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; Persistent organic pollutants; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Photo-identification ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; PACIFIC KILLER WHALES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SARASOTA BAY; SALT-MARSH; AROCLOR 1268; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; ATLANTIC COAST; LIFE-HISTORY; ORCINUS-ORCA AB Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are apex predators in coastal southeastern U.S. waters; as such they are indicators of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in coastal ecosystems. POP concentrations measured in a dolphin's blubber are influenced by a number of factors, including the animal's sex and ranging pattern in relation to POP point sources. This study examined POP concentrations measured in bottlenose dolphin blubber samples (n = 102) from the Georgia. USA coast in relation to individual ranging patterns and specifically, distance of sightings from a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) point source near Brunswick, Georgia. Dolphin ranging patterns were determined based upon 5 years of photo-identification data from two field sites approximately 40 km apart: (1) the Brunswick field site, which included the Turtle/Brunswick River Estuary (TBRE), and (2) the Sapelo field site, which included the Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve (SINERR). Dolphins were categorized into one of three ranging patterns from photo-identification data. Individuals with sighting histories exclusively within one of the defined field sites were considered to have either Brunswick or Sapelo ranging patterns. Individuals sighted in both field sites were classified as having a Mixed ranging pattern. Brunswick males had the highest concentrations of PCBs reported for any marine mammal. The pattern of PCB congeners was consistent with Aroclor 1268, a highly chlorinated PCB mixture associated with a Superfund site in Brunswick. PCB levels in Sapelo males were lower than in Brunswick males, but comparable to the highest levels measured in other dolphin populations along the southeastern U.S. Female dolphins had higher Aroclor 1268 proportions than males, suggesting that the highly chlorinated congeners associated with Aroclor 1268 may not be offloaded through parturition and lactation, as easily as less halogenated POPs. Individuals sighted farther from the Superfund point source had lower Aroclor 1268 proportions. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Balmer, Brian C.; McLellan, William A.; Pabst, D. Ann] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Balmer, Brian C.; Wells, Randall S.] Chicago Zool Soc, Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Schwacke, Lori H.; Lane, Suzanne M.; Speakman, Todd; Zolman, Eric S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [George, R. Clay; Sparks, Kate] Nongame Wildlife Conservat, Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA. [Hoguet, Jennifer; Kucklick, John R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Martinez, Anthony] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Rosel, Patricia E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Rowles, Teri K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. RP Balmer, BC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, 601 S Coll Rd, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM bbalmer@mote.org FU NOAA's Ocean; Human Health Initiative; NOAA's Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program; NOAA [932-1905/MA-009526] FX This research was funded by NOAA's Ocean and Human Health Initiative and NOAA's Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program, and conducted under Scientific Research Permit Number 932-1905/MA-009526 issued by NOAA Fisheries and IACUC permit numbers HQ-2009-001 and UNCW 2007-016. Additional support was also provided by the Chicago Zoological Society, University of North Carolina Wilmington, and Georgia Department of Natural Resources. We would like to thank Jennifer Yordy and Aurore Guichard for assistance with contaminant analyses; John Schwacke and Andrew Westgate for logistical assistance and support during the telemetry portion of this study; Jeff Adams for database creation and maintenance; Penn Clarke and Barbara Danielson for logistical and field efforts; and Dr. Forrest Townsend, Larry Fulford, Jesse Wicker, and all of the participants in the NOAA sponsored health assessment. We also thank the Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve, and particularly Dorset Hurley, for support of this research and logistical assistance. NR 51 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 409 IS 11 BP 2094 EP 2101 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.01.052 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 757DW UT WOS:000290066000011 PM 21356543 ER PT J AU Leight, AK Slacum, WH Wirth, EF Fulton, MH AF Leight, Andrew K. Slacum, Ward H. Wirth, Ed F. Fulton, Mike H. TI An assessment of benthic condition in several small watersheds of the Chesapeake Bay, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Benthic condition; Sediment quality; Chesapeake Bay ID SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION; TOXICITY TESTS; LAND-USE; COMMUNITIES; ESTUARIES; RESPONSES; ATLANTIC; REGIONS; QUALITY; STRESS AB We examined benthic condition in three small watersheds in the Chesapeake Bay. Characterization of benthic condition was based on the combined measurements of benthic fauna, sediment toxicity, and sediment contaminant loads. Significant differences between watersheds were detected for sediment contaminant concentrations and water quality. The intensity of benthic impairment was greatest in the river surrounded by the most developed watershed. Spatial patterns of benthic condition were detected within all three watersheds. In contrast to current, intense focus on nutrient pollution in the Chesapeake Bay, qualitative comparison of our findings to land-use patterns supports findings of other studies that suggest benthic condition in tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay may more closely relate to urbanization than agricultural land uses. C1 [Leight, Andrew K.] NOAA, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21601 USA. [Slacum, Ward H.] Versar Inc, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. [Wirth, Ed F.; Fulton, Mike H.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Leight, AK (reprint author), NOAA, Cooperat Oxford Lab, 904 S Morris St, Oxford, MD 21601 USA. EM ak.leight@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Chesapeake Bay Office (NCBO); Center for Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research (Charleston and Oxford Laboratories); NCBO FX The research in this article does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agencies involved nor do trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This work was funded cooperatively by NOAA's Chesapeake Bay Office (NCBO) and the Center for Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research (Charleston and Oxford Laboratories). We gratefully acknowledge the efforts of Dr. Robert Wood and Dr. John Jacobs of the Cooperative Oxford Lab; Katy Chung, Dr. Pete Key, and Brian Shaddrix of the Charleston Lab; and Dr. Roberto Llanso of Versar, Inc. Initial study design involved Steve Giordano (NCBO). Howard Townsend directed funding from NCBO to Versar. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 176 IS 1-4 BP 483 EP 500 DI 10.1007/s10661-010-1599-9 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 746NX UT WOS:000289255100038 PM 20632087 ER PT J AU Hartwell, SI AF Hartwell, S. Ian TI CHESAPEAKE BAY WATERSHED PESTICIDE USE DECLINES BUT TOXICITY INCREASES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pesticides; Toxicity; Application rate; Chesapeake Bay; Long-term trends ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER; HERBICIDES AB Large areas of the Chesapeake Bay, USA, watershed are in agricultural land use, but there is no baywide program to track application rates of current-use pesticides in any of the watershed jurisdictions. Watershed studies demonstrate that several pesticides are present in surface and groundwater throughout the region. Between 1985 and 2004, the Maryland Department of Agriculture conducted surveys to estimate pesticide application within the state. Application rates of the dominant insecticides and herbicides were compiled over the survey period. Toxicity of the pesticides was tabulated, and the toxic units (TU) of applied active ingredients were calculated for several animal and plant species. The total mass of pesticides being applied to the watershed declined during the survey period. Due to increasing potency of the chemicals, however, total TUs applied have remained static or have significantly increased depending on the species of bioassay test organism used to assess toxicity. Applying estimates of pesticide transport into rivers in the Mississippi River basin show that significant quantities of pesticides may be entering Chesapeake Bay. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:1223-1231. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 NOAA, Natl Status & Trends Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hartwell, SI (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Status & Trends Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM ian.hartwell@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1223 EP 1231 DI 10.1002/etc.491 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 753ZP UT WOS:000289820400026 PM 21312252 ER PT J AU Shimizu, M Suzuki, S Horikoshi, M Hara, A Dickhoff, WW AF Shimizu, Munetaka Suzuki, Seira Horikoshi, Moeri Hara, Akihiko Dickhoff, Walton W. TI Circulating salmon 41-kDa insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) is not IGFBP-3 but an IGFBP-2 subtype SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Insulin-like growth factor binding protein; Salmon; Identification; Gene duplication; N-glycosylation; Splicing variants ID ACID-LABILE SUBUNIT; FACTOR-I; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; COHO SALMON; SYSTEM; SERUM; GLYCOSYLATION; LOCALIZATION; EXPRESSION; COMPLEX AB In vertebrates, most circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF) is bound to multiple forms of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) that differ both structurally and functionally. In mammals, the largest reservoir of IGF in the circulation comes from a large (150 kDa) ternary complex comprised of IGF bound to IGFBP-3, which is bound to an acid label subunit (ALS), and this variant of IGFBP is regulated by growth hormone (GH) and feed intake. Although multiple variants of IGFBPs ranging from 20 to 50 kDa have been found in fishes, no ternary complex is present and it has been assumed that the majority of circulating IGF is bound to fish IGFBP-3. Consistent with this assumption is previous work in salmon showing the presence of a 41-kDa IGFBP that is stimulated by GH, decreases with fasting and increases with feeding. However, the hypothesis that the salmon 41-kDa IGFBP is structurally homologous to mammalian IGFBP-3 has not been directly tested. To address this issue, we cloned cDNAs for several Chinook salmon IGFBPs, and found that the cDNA sequence of the 41-kDa IGFBP is most similar to that of mammalian IGFBP-2 and dissimilar to IGFBP-3. We found an additional IGFBP (termed IGFBP-2a) with high homology to mammalian IGFBP-2. These results demonstrate that salmon 41-kDa IGFBP is not IGFBP-3, but a paralog of IGFBP-2 (termed IGFBP-2b). Salmon IGFBP-2s are also unique in terms of having potential N-glycosylation sites and splice variants. Additional research on non-mammalian IGFBPs is needed to fully understand the molecular/functional evolution of the IGFBP family and the significance of the ternary complex in vertebrates. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Shimizu, Munetaka; Suzuki, Seira; Horikoshi, Moeri; Hara, Akihiko] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Fisheries Sci, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. [Shimizu, Munetaka; Dickhoff, Walton W.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Shimizu, Munetaka; Dickhoff, Walton W.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Shimizu, M (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Fac Fisheries Sci, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. EM mune@fish.hokudai.ac.jp FU US Department of Agriculture, NRICGP, Animal Growth and Nutrient Utilization [2003-03314]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [19580198, 21580214] FX We thank Dr. Cunming Duan, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, for providing cDNA for zebrafish IGFBP-3, and Penny Swanson and Adam Luckenbach of Northwest Fisheries Science Center for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the US Department of Agriculture, NRICGP, Animal Growth and Nutrient Utilization Program (2003-03314); and grant-in-aids for Scientific Research from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (19580198 and 21580214). NR 46 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 171 IS 3 BP 326 EP 331 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.02.013 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 752QY UT WOS:000289708700011 PM 21354155 ER PT J AU Larsen, DA Swanson, P Dickhoff, WW AF Larsen, Donald A. Swanson, Penny Dickhoff, Walton W. TI The pituitary-thyroid axis during the parr-smolt transformation of Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch: Quantification of TSH beta mRNA, TSH, and thyroid hormones SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH); Thyroid hormones; Salmon; Smoltification ID RAINBOW-TROUT; STIMULATING HORMONE; ATLANTIC SALMON; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; PLASMA THYROXINE; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; SMOLTIFICATION; THYROTROPIN; GLAND; GAIRDNERI AB The objective of this investigation was to quantify pituitary thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) beta mRNA, pituitary and plasma TSH and plasma thyroid hormone levels during the parr-smolt transformation of Coho salmon that occurs in spring from February to May. The status of the pituitary-thyroid axis was assessed using an RNase protection assay for pituitary TSH beta mRNA and radioimmunoassays for salmon pituitary and plasma TSH and thyroid hormones. TSH beta mRNA was highest during late winter (February) (4.9 pg/mu g DNA) and gradually declined during spring (2.3 pg/mu g DNA). In contrast, pituitary and plasma TSH levels showed a small, but statistically non-significant change during smoltification. Despite minimal change in plasma TSH levels, characteristically large increases in plasma T4 (January-3.3 ng/ml to April-10.2 ng/ml) and significant, but modest increases in plasma T3 (February-2.4 ng/ml to April-5.8 ng/ml) were observed. Regression analysis showed a significant positive relationship between plasma T4 and T3 and negative relationship between plasma T3 and pituitary TSH beta mRNA. However, all other relations were not significant. These data suggest a significant role for peripheral regulation (i.e. T4-T3 conversion, change in tissue sensitivity, hormone degradation rate) as well as evidence of central regulation via negative feedback at the level of the pituitary gland in regulation of thyroid activity in salmon. Furthermore, the increased thyroid sensitivity to TSH (shown previously), in the face of relatively constant plasma TSH levels, may be the major factor responsible for the increased thyroid activity observed during smoltification. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Larsen, Donald A.; Swanson, Penny; Dickhoff, Walton W.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Dickhoff, Walton W.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Larsen, DA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM don.Larsen@noaa.gov; penny.swanson@noaa.gov; walton.w.dickhoff@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service; Bonneville Power Administration [92-022, 93-056]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [94-37206-1096] FX We are indebted to Dr. Shunsuke Moriyama for his significant contributions to the development of the salmon TSH RIA. We thank Jon T. Dickey for assistance in developing the TSH RPA. We thank Beeda Lee-Pawlak, Brian R. Beckman, and Kimberly A. Larsen for aid in sample collection. This project was supported by the National Marine Fisheries Service, Bonneville Power Administration (Projects Nos. 92-022 and 93-056), and U.S. Department of Agriculture (Grant 94-37206-1096). NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 171 IS 3 BP 367 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.03.003 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 752QY UT WOS:000289708700016 PM 21377468 ER PT J AU Kirkley, JE Walden, J Fare, R AF Kirkley, James E. Walden, John Faere, Rolf TI A general equilibrium model for Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) with ecosystem considerations SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE allocation; Atlantic herring; input/output models; linear programming ID MAINE; FISH AB A framework is presented for assessing the economic ramifications of ecosystem-based management decisions, with attention focused on Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in New England. The Atlantic herring has often been referred to as the most important fish in the northeastern United States because it is a filter-feeder, is believed to improve water quality, and is very important to the health, growth, and abundance of major gamefish, marine mammals, seabirds, and several species of fish. Although many approaches for examining the potential economic ramifications of ecosystem-based management are possible, attention is focused on one method that can be used given existing data. A static, deterministic input/output (I/O) optimization (IOLP, input/output linear programming) model is developed that breaks out the impact of different decisions on herring allocation on the 2006 New England regional economy of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island. The IOLP model is a promising approach for informing policy-makers of the economic implications of various allocation choices. The framework is also flexible enough to allow further disaggregation of the small model presented to include additional fishing and non-fishing sectors. C1 [Walden, John] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kirkley, James E.] Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Faere, Rolf] Oregon State Univ, Dept Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Faere, Rolf] Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Walden, J (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM john.walden@noaa.gov RI Fare, Rolf/H-5932-2013 FU National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Science and Technology FX We thank Rita Curtis, Jonathan Deroba, Chang Seung, Scott Steinback, Jason Link, Bill Overholtz, two anonymous reviewers, and the editor for helpful comments and suggestions. The research was funded by the National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Science and Technology. Any errors or omissions are solely the responsibility of the authors; the views expressed are the authors' and do not represent those of the College of William and Mary, the National Marine Fisheries Service, or Oregon State University. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 68 IS 5 BP 860 EP 866 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr023 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 750XZ UT WOS:000289582900006 ER PT J AU Zwolinski, JP Emmett, RL Demer, DA AF Zwolinski, Juan P. Emmett, Robert L. Demer, David A. TI Predicting habitat to optimize sampling of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE generalized additive model; habitat; optimal sampling; Pacific sardine; remote sensing ID ANCHOVY ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; CALIFORNIA-CURRENT; SPAWNING HABITAT; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SOUTHERN; MODELS; EGGS; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEM; ECOLOGY AB More than 40 years after the collapse of the fishery for Pacific sardine, a renewed fishery has emerged off the west coasts of the United States and Canada. The daily egg production method (DEPM) and acoustic-trawl surveys are performed annually and, to minimize the uncertainties in the estimates, sampling effort needs to be allocated optimally. Here, based on a 12-year dataset including the presence/absence of sardine eggs and concomitant remotely sensed oceanographic variables, a probabilistic generalized additive model is developed to predict spatio-temporal distributions of habitat for the northern stock of Pacific sardine in the California Current. Significant relationships are identified between eggs and sea surface temperature, chlorophyll a concentration, and the gradient of sea surface altitude. The model accurately predicts the habitat and seasonal migration pattern of sardine, irrespective of spawning condition. The predictions of potential habitat are validated extensively by fishery landings and net-sample data from the northeast Pacific. The predicted habitat can be used to optimize the time and location of the DEPM, acoustic-trawl, and aerial surveys of sardine. The method developed and illustrated may be applicable too to studies of other stocks of sardine and other epipelagic fish in other eastern boundary, upwelling regions. C1 [Zwolinski, Juan P.; Demer, David A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Emmett, Robert L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Zwolinski, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM juan.zwolinski@noaa.gov FU Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-MCES) [SFRH/BPD/44834/2008] FX We thank the scientists and technicians from NOAA and SIO that collected and archived the data from the DEPM and CalCOFI surveys, in particular Dave Griffith, Amy Hays and Susie Jacobson, and Kevin Hill for providing sardine landing data. We are also indebted to the various institutions responsible for collecting and disseminating the remotely sensed information from AVISO, Pathfinder, MODIS, and SeaWIFS, and to the staff of CoastWatch West Coast Regional Node, particularly Dave Foley, for providing the data products and related support. We also thank Vardis Tsontos for his guidance through the many portals of remotely sensed information, and to our colleagues at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWSFC) for constructive input. We thank the R Development Core Team and all the R contributors for maintaining the software that facilitated the GAMs and remaining analysis, and Russ Vetter, Director of the Fisheries Resources Division at SWFSC, and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-MCES) for funding JPZ's post-doctoral internship (SFRH/BPD/44834/2008) with DAD at SWFSC. Finally, we thank Arnaud Bertrand and anonymous reviewers for the positive input they made that improved the manuscript substantially. NR 53 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 68 IS 5 BP 867 EP 879 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr038 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 750XZ UT WOS:000289582900007 ER PT J AU Hoolihan, JP Luo, JG Abascal, FJ Campana, SE De Metrio, G Dewar, H Domeier, ML Howey, LA Lutcavage, ME Musyl, MK Neilson, JD Orbesen, ES Prince, ED Rooker, JR AF Hoolihan, John P. Luo, Jiangang Abascal, Francisco J. Campana, Steven E. De Metrio, Gregorio Dewar, Heidi Domeier, Michael L. Howey, Lucy A. Lutcavage, Molly E. Musyl, Michael K. Neilson, John D. Orbesen, Eric S. Prince, Eric D. Rooker, Jay R. TI Evaluating post-release behaviour modification in large pelagic fish deployed with pop-up satellite archival tags SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE billfish; empirical eigenfunction analysis; pop-up satellite archival tagging; sharks; tuna; vertical movement ID SAILFISH ISTIOPHORUS-PLATYPTERUS; ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; VERTICAL HABITAT USE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SPORTFISHING GEAR; MAKAIRA-NIGRICANS; BIG GAMEFISH; ARABIAN GULF; MOVEMENTS; MARLIN AB Post-release behaviour modification, possibly a result of capture and handling stress, was evaluated using empirical eigenfunction analysis to detect changes in vertical movement patterns recorded by 183 pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) deployed on large pelagic fish. Argos-transmitted summary, timed interval, and some archival data were included. Scoring of irregular post-release behaviour was based on a separation of plotted eigenfunction coefficient values by their mean, with the transection across the mean reference line denoting the duration of irregular behaviour. In all, 67 (36.6%) individual fish exhibited irregular behaviour, lasting from 3 to 60 d (mean = 15.8, s.d. = 10.4). An additional 27 (14.8%) displayed patterns suggestive of irregular behaviour. Data quality and quantity were important criteria for revealing behaviour patterns. Irregular behaviour was detected in 32.6% of Argos-transmitted dataseries, increasing to 60.6% in the higher-resolution archival series. Decreased vertical movement characterized the irregular behaviour of blue sharks (Prionace glauca) and porbeagles (Lamna nasus), whereas all other species showed increased vertical activity. The approach described provides a useful method of revealing behavioural modification during the post-release recovery period of PSAT-tagged large pelagic fish, although the extent of influence on normal behaviour is not fully understood. C1 [Luo, Jiangang] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hoolihan, John P.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Abascal, Francisco J.] Ctr Oceanog Canarias, Inst Espanol Oceanog, Santa Cruz De Tenerife 38120, Spain. [Campana, Steven E.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [De Metrio, Gregorio] Univ Bari, Dept Anim Hlth & Welf, I-170010 Valenzano, BA, Italy. [Dewar, Heidi] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Domeier, Michael L.] Marine Conservat Sci Inst, Fallbrook, CA 92028 USA. [Howey, Lucy A.] Nova SE Univ Oceanog Ctr, Guy Harvey Res Inst, Dania, FL 33004 USA. [Lutcavage, Molly E.] Univ New Hampshire, Large Pelag Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Musyl, Michael K.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Pelag Fisheries Res Program, Kewalo Res Facil, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Neilson, John D.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, St Andrews Biol Stn, St Andrews, NB E5B 2L9, Canada. [Orbesen, Eric S.; Prince, Eric D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Rooker, Jay R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Luo, JG (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jluo@rsmas.miami.edu RI Orbesen, Eric/D-2220-2012; Campana, Steven/C-3420-2013; Rooker, Jay/M-3197-2013; Abascal, Francisco/I-4222-2015 OI Campana, Steven/0000-0001-8802-3976; Rooker, Jay/0000-0002-5934-7688; Abascal, Francisco/0000-0002-8550-8617 FU cooperative institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS); cooperative institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA1RJ1226]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US Department of Commerce) [NA37RJ0199, NA67RJ0154]; University of Hawaii; McDaniel Charitable Foundation FX We thank the following for contributing to this study by providing data, funding, field assistance, or manuscript review: M. Deflorio, J. M. de la Serna, B. Faltermann, B. Galuardi, B. Lyons, M. Lyons, J. Mejuto, N. Nasby-Lucas, D. Snodgrass, D. E. Richardson, S. C. Smith, NOAA's Adopt-A-Billfish Program, The Billfish Foundation, Environment Agency-Abu Dhabi, and World Wildlife Fund-Abu Dhabi. The research was carried out in part under the auspices of the cooperative institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a cooperative institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Cooperative Agreement NA1RJ1226. Support for MKM was provided by Cooperative Agreements NA37RJ0199 and NA67RJ0154 between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US Department of Commerce) and the Pelagic Fisheries Research Program (University of Hawaii). Support for JRR was provided by the McDaniel Charitable Foundation. The authors or their agencies do not necessarily approve, recommend, or endorse any proprietary hardware or software mentioned in this publication. Further, the views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of their agencies. NR 39 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 40 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 68 IS 5 BP 880 EP 889 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr024 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 750XZ UT WOS:000289582900008 ER PT J AU Baranov, YI Lafferty, WJ AF Baranov, Yu. I. Lafferty, W. J. TI The water-vapor continuum and selective absorption in the 3-5 mu m spectral region at temperatures from 311 to 363 K SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric absorption; Water-vapor IR spectra; Continuum; MT_CKD model ID COLLISION-INDUCED ABSORPTION; MIXTURES; WINDOW AB The pure water-vapor continuum absorption in the 2.88 to 5.18 mu m spectral region has been measured using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer at a resolution of 0.1 cm(-1). The sample temperatures and pressures varied from 311 to 363 K and from 2.8 kPa (21 Torr) to 34.5 kPa (259 Torr), respectively. The path lengths used in the study ranged from 68 to 116 m. Under these conditions, the continuum absorption in the middle of the 4 mu m window is quite detectable reaching as high as 4%. The spectral processing included calculations to fit and remove the H(2)O ro-vibrational structure. In the region around 5 mu m, the absorption coefficients obtained are in good agreement with those of the commonly used MT_CKD continuum model. However at shorter wavelengths, the observed values significantly deviate from the model. Inspection of the present data as well as that of previous measurements leads to the conclusion that the MT_CKD model despite the latest updates significantly underestimates the rate of the continuum temperature dependence over the 4 mu m atmospheric window. Line strengths for 189 H(2)O transitions were obtained from the spectral processing. The deviation of these measured intensities from those listed in the HITRAN database is randomly scattered around zero to within several percents and no systematic trends were detected. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Baranov, Yu. I.; Lafferty, W. J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Baranov, YI (reprint author), SPA Typhoon, Inst Expt Meteorol, 4 Pobedy St, Obninsk 249020, Kaluga Reg, Russia. EM ybaranov04@mail.ru FU NASA; Russian Foundation for Basic Researches [10-05-93105] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. J.-M. Flaud, Dr. R.H. Tipping, and Dr. AA Vigasin for their interest in this work and for helpful discussions. We thank Dr. I.V. Ptashnik, Dr. DJ. Paynter, and their co-workers for the continuum data exchange. We thank Dr. Q. Ma for providing theoretical continuum calculations. We thank Dr. BA Fomin and Dr. E.J. Mlawer for the help in use of the MT_CKD_2.5 continuum model codes. We also thank the anonymous referees for many useful suggestions. We acknowledge with thanks a support from the Upper Atmospheric Research Program of NASA. Yu B. acknowledges partial financial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Researches through Grant 10-05-93105. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 112 IS 8 BP 1304 EP 1313 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2011.01.024 PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 753XB UT WOS:000289812600005 ER PT J AU Kim, JW von Frese, RRB Lee, BY Roman, DR Doh, SJ AF Kim, Jeong Woo von Frese, Ralph R. B. Lee, Bang Yong Roman, Daniel R. Doh, Seong-Jae TI Altimetry-Derived Gravity Predictions of Bathymetry by the Gravity-Geologic Method SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Bathymetry prediction; gravity-geologic method; altimetry-derived gravity anomaly; Drake Passage; Antarctica ID GEOSAT; OCEAN AB The gravity-geologic method (GGM) was implemented for 20 by 20 bathymetric determinations in a 1.6 degrees longitude-by-1.0 degrees latitude region centered on the eastern end of the Shackleton Fracture Zone in the Drake Passage, Antarctica. The GGM used the Bouguer slab approximation to process satellite altimetry-derived marine free-air gravity anomalies and 6,548 local shipborne bathymetric sounding measurements from the Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute to update the surrounding off-track bathymetry. The limitations of the Bouguer slab for modeling the gravity effects of variable density, rugged bathymetric relief at distances up to several kilometers, were mitigated by establishing 'tuning' densities that stabilized the GGM predictions. Tests using two-thirds of the shipborne bathymetric measurements to estimate the remaining third indicated that the tuning densities minimized root-mean-square deviations to about 29 m. The optimum GGM bathymetry model honoring all the ship observations correlated very well with widely available bathymetry models, despite local differences that ranged up to a few kilometers. The great analytical simplicity of GGM facilitates accurately and efficiently updating bathymetry as new gravity and bathymetric sounding data become available. Furthermore, the availability of marine free-air gravity anomaly data ensures that the GGM is more effective than simply extrapolating or interpolating ship bathymetry coverage into unmapped regions. C1 [Kim, Jeong Woo] Univ Calgary, Dept Geomat Engn, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [von Frese, Ralph R. B.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Lee, Bang Yong] Korea Polar Res Inst, Inchon 406840, South Korea. [Roman, Daniel R.] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Doh, Seong-Jae] Korea Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 136713, South Korea. RP Kim, JW (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Geomat Engn, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM jw.kim@ucalgary.ca FU Korea Polar Research Institute [PE09030] FX This study was supported by the COMPAC Project (#PE09030) of the Korea Polar Research Institute. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 168 IS 5 BP 815 EP 826 DI 10.1007/s00024-010-0170-5 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 753UM UT WOS:000289805200005 ER PT J AU Coleman, TA Knupp, KR Spann, J Elliott, JB Peters, BE AF Coleman, Timothy A. Knupp, Kevin R. Spann, James Elliott, J. B. Peters, Brian E. TI THE HISTORY (AND FUTURE) OF TORNADO WARNING DISSEMINATION IN THE UNITED STATES SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WEATHER SERVICES; FORECASTS; THUNDERSTORMS; RADAR C1 [Coleman, Timothy A.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Spann, James] WBMA Televis ABC 33 40, Birmingham, AL USA. [Elliott, J. B.] Weather Co, Birmingham, AL USA. [Peters, Brian E.] Natl Weather Serv, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Coleman, TA (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, NSSTC, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM coleman@nsstc.uah.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA07OAR4600493] FX Funding for this article was provided the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Grant NA07OAR4600493). The authors wish to thank Jay Shelley and Bob Deitlein (NWS, retired), George Wilcox, Ron Gird, and Wayne Hart (NOAA). We also thank the television stations, film production operations, and newspapers that produced some of the video, photographs, and screen captures in this paper, including Tinker AFB, The Calvin Company, the USDA, KXAS-TV, WAVE-TV, WAAY-TV, KAUZ-TV, WBRC-TV, The Weather Channel, WLKY-TV, WAVY-TV, WVTM-TV, KETV-TV, WSMV-TV, KWTV-TV, WBMA-TV, WJHG-TV, John Baker, and the Civil Defense Museum. We also wish to thank YouTube and its subscribers for making much of the video available publicly online. NR 78 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 92 IS 5 BP 567 EP 582 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS3062.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 781YA UT WOS:000291972700002 ER PT J AU Mehta, V Meehl, G Goddard, L Knight, J Kumar, A Latif, M Lee, T Rosati, A Stammer, D AF Mehta, Vikram Meehl, Gerald Goddard, Lisa Knight, Jeff Kumar, Arun Latif, Mojib Lee, Tong Rosati, Anthony Stammer, Detlef TI DECADAL CLIMATE PREDICTABILITY AND PREDICTION Where Are We? SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Mehta, Vikram] Ctr Res Changing Earth Syst, Clarksville, MD 21029 USA. [Meehl, Gerald] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Goddard, Lisa] Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY USA. [Knight, Jeff] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Kumar, Arun] NOAA Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Latif, Mojib] IFM GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. [Lee, Tong] NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Rosati, Anthony] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Stammer, Detlef] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. RP Mehta, V (reprint author), Ctr Res Changing Earth Syst, POB 346, Clarksville, MD 21029 USA. EM vikram@crces.org RI Latif, Mojib/C-2428-2016 OI Latif, Mojib/0000-0003-1079-5604 NR 0 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 92 IS 5 BP 637 EP 640 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS3025.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 781YA UT WOS:000291972700008 ER PT J AU Hallmann, N Schone, BR Irvine, GV Burchell, M Cokelet, ED Hilton, MR AF Hallmann, Nadine Schoene, Bernd R. Irvine, Gail V. Burchell, Meghan Cokelet, Edward D. Hilton, Michael R. TI AN IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING OF THE ALASKA COASTAL CURRENT: THE APPLICATION OF A BIVALVE GROWTH-TEMPERATURE MODEL TO RECONSTRUCT FRESHWATER-INFLUENCED PALEOENVIRONMENTS SO PALAIOS LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; MOLLUSK CHIONE-CORTEZI; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NORTHERN GULF; SCLEROCHRONOLOGICAL RECORDS; PHACOSOMA-JAPONICUM; MARINE CARBONATES AB Shells of intertidal bivalve mollusks contain sub-seasonally to inter-annually resolved records of temperature and salinity variations in coastal settings. Such data are essential to understand changing land-sea interactions through time, specifically atmospheric (precipitation rate, glacial meltwater, river discharge) and oceanographic circulation patterns; however, independent temperature and salinity proxies are currently not available. We established a model for reconstructing daily water temperatures with an average standard error of similar to 1.3 degrees C based on variations in the width of lunar daily growth increments of Saxidomus gigantea from southwestern Alaska, United States. Temperature explains 70% of the variability in shell growth. When used in conjunction with stable oxygen isotope data, this approach can also be used to identify changes in past seawater salinity. This study provides a better understanding of the hydrological changes related to the Alaska Coastal Current (ACC). In combination with delta O-18(shell) values, increment-derived temperatures were used to estimate salinity changes with an average error of 1.4 +/- 1.1 PSU. Our model was calibrated and tested with modern shells and then applied to archaeological specimens. As derived from the model, the time interval of 988-1447 cal yr BP was characterized by similar to 1-2 degrees C colder and much drier (2-5 PSU) summers. During that time, the ACC was likely flowing much more slowly than at present. In contrast, between 599-1014 cal yr BP, the Aleutian low may have been stronger, which resulted in a 3 degrees C temperature decrease during summers and 1-2 PSU fresher conditions than today; the ACC was probably flowing more quickly at that time. The shell growth temperature model can be used to estimate seasonal to interannual salinity and temperature changes in freshwater-influenced environments through time. C1 [Hallmann, Nadine; Schoene, Bernd R.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Geosci, Dept Appl & Analyt Paleontol INCREMENTS, Earth Syst Sci Res Ctr, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Irvine, Gail V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Burchell, Meghan] McMaster Univ, Dept Anthropol, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Cokelet, Edward D.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hilton, Michael R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Cotsen Inst Archaeol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Hallmann, N (reprint author), Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Geosci, Dept Appl & Analyt Paleontol INCREMENTS, Earth Syst Sci Res Ctr, Johann Joachim Becher Weg 21, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. EM meiern@uni-mainz.de RI Schone, Bernd/B-6294-2011 FU German Research Foundation, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG [SCHO 793/3]; Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. National Park Service FX Financial support for this study was provided by the German Research Foundation, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG (SCHO 793/3) to BRS; the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the U.S. National Park Service to GVI. Any mention of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not represent endorsement by the U.S. government. Satellite-derived sea surface temperature data (NCEP/DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis, "skin temperature") were provided by the Physical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, from their website (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/). GAKI salinity data came from the Institute of Marine Science at the University of Alaska Fairbanks (http://www.ims.uaf.edu). We kindly thank Jens Fiebig (University of Frankfurt am Main, Germany) and Christopher S. Romanek (University of Kentucky, United States) for conducting most of the isotope analyses of carbonates and water, respectively. Thanks also to Kazushige Tanabe and Marta E. Torres for reviews of the draft manuscript. We are grateful for suggestions by two anonymous reviewers and Associate Editor Adam Tomasovych, which significantly improved the quality of the manuscript. This is contribution number 3662 from the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA. NR 82 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 0883-1351 EI 1938-5323 J9 PALAIOS JI Palaios PD MAY-JUN PY 2011 VL 26 IS 5-6 BP 346 EP 363 DI 10.2110/palo.2010.p10-151r PG 18 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 786YC UT WOS:000292342800009 ER PT J AU Maddox, BR Park, HS Remington, BA Chen, C Chen, S Prisbrey, ST Comley, A Back, CA Szabo, C Seely, JF Feldman, U Hudson, LT Seltzer, S Haugh, MJ Ali, Z AF Maddox, B. R. Park, H. S. Remington, B. A. Chen, C. Chen, S. Prisbrey, S. T. Comley, A. Back, C. A. Szabo, C. Seely, J. F. Feldman, U. Hudson, L. T. Seltzer, S. Haugh, M. J. Ali, Z. TI Absolute measurements of x-ray backlighter sources at energies above 10 keV SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics CY 2010 CL Chicago, IL ID LASER-SOLID INTERACTIONS AB Line emission and broadband x-ray sources with x-ray energies above 10 keV have been investigated using a range of calibrated x-ray detectors for use as x-ray backlighters in high energy density (HED) experiments. The conversion efficiency of short-and long-pulse driven Mo and Ag line-emission backlighters at 17 and 22 keV was measured to investigate the crossover region between short-and long-pulse conversion efficiency. It was found that significant 17 and 22 keV line emissions were observed using a 3 omega, 1 ns long-pulse drive for Mo and Ag targets and a comparison between the measured Mo x-ray spectrum and calculations using an atomic physics code suggests that the line emission is due to thermal emission from N-like Mo atoms. Electron temperatures derived from fits to the continuum region of the x-ray spectra agree well with the T-hot scaling as 100 x (I lambda(2))(1/3). The continuum emissions from empty and 1 atm Kr-filled imploded CH shell targets were also measured for the use as broadband backlighters. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3582134] C1 [Maddox, B. R.; Park, H. S.; Remington, B. A.; Chen, C.; Chen, S.; Prisbrey, S. T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Comley, A.] Atom Weap Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. [Back, C. A.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Szabo, C.; Seely, J. F.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Feldman, U.] ARTEP Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Hudson, L. T.; Seltzer, S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Haugh, M. J.; Ali, Z.] NSTEC, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Maddox, BR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2011 VL 18 IS 5 AR 056709 DI 10.1063/1.3582134 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 785EF UT WOS:000292209500132 ER PT J AU Southworth, J Marsik, M Qiu, YL Perz, S Cumming, G Stevens, F Rocha, K Duchelle, A Barnes, G AF Southworth, Jane Marsik, Matt Qiu, Youliang Perz, Stephen Cumming, Graeme Stevens, Forrest Rocha, Karla Duchelle, Amy Barnes, Grenville TI Roads as Drivers of Change: Trajectories across the Tri-National Frontier in MAP, the Southwestern Amazon SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE MAP; deforestation; connectivity; infrastructure; roads ID LAND-COVER CHANGE; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; DEFORESTATION; REGION; FRAGMENTATION; BOLIVIA; FUTURE AB Regional studies of land cover change are often limited by available data and in terms of comparability across regions, by the transferability of methods. This research addresses the role of roads and infrastructure improvements across a tri-national frontier region with similar climatic and biophysical conditions but very different trajectories of forest clearing. The standardization of methodologies and the extensive spatial and temporal framework of the analysis are exciting as they allow us to monitor a dynamic region with global significance as it enters an era of increased road connectivity and massive potential forest loss. Our study region is the. MAP. frontier, which covers Madre de Dios in Peru, Acre in Brazil, and Pando in Bolivia. This tri-national frontier is being integrated into the global economy via the paving of the Inter-Oceanic Highway which links the region to ports in the Atlantic and Pacific, constituting a major infrastructure change within just the last decade. Notably, there are differences in the extent of road paving among the three sides of the tri-national frontier, with paving complete in Acre, underway in Madre de Dios, and incipient in Pando. Through a multi-temporal analysis of land cover in the MAP region from 1986 to 2005, we found that rates of deforestation differ across the MAP frontier, with higher rates in Acre, followed by Madre de Dios and the lowest rates in Pando, although the dominant land cover across the region is still stable forest cover (89% overall). For all dates in the study period, deforestation rates drop with distance from major roads although the distance before this drop off appears to relate to development, with Acre influencing forests up to around 45 km out, Madre de Dios to about 18 km out and less of a discernable effect or distance value in Pando. As development occurs, the converted forest areas saturate close to roads, resulting in increasing rates of deforestation at further distances and patch consolidation of clearings over time. We can use this trend as a basis for future change predictions, with Acre providing a guide to likely future development for Madre de Dios, and in time potentially for Pando. Given the correspondence of road paving to deforestation, our findings imply that as road paving increases connectivity, flows of people and goods will accelerate across this landscape, increasing the likelihood of dramatic future changes on all sides of the tri-national frontier. C1 [Southworth, Jane; Qiu, Youliang; Stevens, Forrest; Rocha, Karla] Univ Florida, Dept Geog, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Southworth, Jane; Qiu, Youliang; Stevens, Forrest; Rocha, Karla] Univ Florida, Land Use & Environm Change Inst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Marsik, Matt] NOAA, Nat Capital Project, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Perz, Stephen] Univ Florida, Dept Sociol & Criminol & Law, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Cumming, Graeme] Univ Cape Town, Percy Fitzpatrick Inst, DST NRF Ctr Excellence, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [Duchelle, Amy] Ctr Int Forestry Res, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Barnes, Grenville] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Southworth, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Geog, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jsouthwo@ufl.edu; mmarsik@gmail.com; youliang@gmail.com; sperz@ufl.edu; graeme.cumming@uct.ac.za; forrest@ufl.edu; rocha@ufl.edu; a.duchelle@cgiar.org; gbarnes@ufl.edu RI Cumming, Graeme/B-6551-2008; Stevens, Forrest/B-1673-2013; OI Cumming, Graeme/0000-0002-3678-1326; Stevens, Forrest/0000-0002-9328-3753; Southworth, Jane/0000-0002-7246-7879 FU NSF [0527511] FX The research presented here was funded as part of an NSF Human and Social Dynamics Program (FY2005) project, entitled "Agents of Change: Infrastructure Change, Human Agency, and Resilience in Social-Ecological Systems" #0527511. We acknowledge Daniel Rojas (Amazonian University of Pando), Veronica Passos (Federal University of Acre), Bertha Ikeda and Omar Burga (National Amazonian University of Madre de Dios) for in-country institutional support, and Americo Quevedo and Gabriel Alarcon (National Amazonian University of Madre de Dios), Floridia Saavedra (Amazonian University of Pando), Andrea Chavez (University of Florida) for contributing to field data collection. NR 43 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 38 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1047 EP 1066 DI 10.3390/rs3051047 PG 20 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 978NK UT WOS:000306749500012 ER PT J AU Berejikian, BA Gable, JT Vidergar, DT AF Berejikian, Barry A. Gable, Joshua T. Vidergar, Dmitri T. TI Effectiveness and Trade-Offs Associated with Hydraulic Egg Collections from Natural Salmon and Steelhead Redds for Conservation Hatchery Programs SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; RUN CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; PARENTAGE ANALYSIS; EFFECTIVE NUMBER; PACIFIC SALMON; PINK SALMON; TROUT AB Maintaining a large genetically effective number of breeders (N-b) in supplemented salmon populations is considered vital to their long-term sustainability, yet may be difficult to consistently achieve in practice, especially in conservation hatchery programs that require small numbers of eggs for captive rearing. We evaluated efforts to hydraulically collect eggs from naturally produced redds, as implemented by conservation hatchery programs for Endangered Species Act listed populations of Snake River Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and Hood Canal steelhead O. mykiss; we then compared the estimated N-b represented in the hydraulically collected captive populations with the N-b obtained by the more conventional approach (i.e., adult collection and artificial spawning). Egg collection goals in the steelhead and Chinook salmon conservation hatchery programs were met in most cases and were never exceeded. The embryo viability and egg-to-fry survival consistently exceeded 90% and were no less than would be expected through artificial spawning. Demographic estimates suggested that a greater N-b in the captive population would be obtained by hydraulic redd sampling than by artificial spawning of captured adults to produce a specific, limited number of eggs. Hydraulic redd sampling allows sexual selection to occur naturally on the spawning grounds and does not require barrier weirs, handling of adults, or the removal of a female's entire fecundity from natural production. The high rate of survival to emergence for hydraulically collected eggs (> 95%) suggests that eggs are not damaged by the collection process, but the fate of uncollected eggs that are disturbed during the process is unknown. Hydraulic redd sampling requires fairly frequent redd surveys to time collections at the proper stage of embryonic development, and access to some redds in remote areas can be difficult. Hydraulic sampling of eyed eggs appears to have largely accomplished the goals of these small- to moderately-sized conservation hatchery programs. C1 [Berejikian, Barry A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Gable, Joshua T.; Vidergar, Dmitri T.] Nampa Res, Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Nampa, ID 83686 USA. RP Berejikian, BA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM barry.berejikian@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 140 IS 3 BP 549 EP 556 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.583540 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 779WV UT WOS:000291813800003 ER PT J AU Richards, RA Moser, J Dunnigan, B Alade, LA AF Richards, R. Anne Moser, Joshua Dunnigan, Bridget Alade, Larry A. TI Archival Tagging Methods for Monkfish SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DATA-STORAGE TAGS; RAINBOW-TROUT; LOPHIUS-PISCATORIUS; MOVEMENTS; ATLANTIC; AMERICANUS AB The purpose of this study was to develop archival tagging methods for goosefish Lophius americanus (more commonly known as monkfish), a species thought to be highly susceptible to capture and tagging mortality and very difficult to maintain in captivity. Archival tags were implanted subcutaneously near the second dorsal fin using sanitary surgical methods. A streamer attached to the tag extended through the skin and provided an externally visible tag. Mortality of both tagged and control fish was high (39-44%) in laboratory experiments but did not differ significantly; thus, tagging did not increase mortality. Tag retention was 100% through 6 weeks, but 38% of the incisions on tagged fish showed possible signs of opening. Two of four tagged fish held for up to 6 months expelled their tags. We hypothesize that the streamer prevented complete healing of the incision and led to tag loss. We conclude that archival tagging of monkfish could be successful but recommend that archival tags be completely enclosed if implanted subcutaneously. C1 [Richards, R. Anne; Moser, Joshua; Dunnigan, Bridget; Alade, Larry A.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Richards, RA (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM anne.richards@noaa.gov FU U.S. Northeast Consortium [NA05NMF4721057] FX We thank Captain John Our of the FV Miss Fitz for providing fish for the experiment, A. Westwood and C. Sumi for logistical support, and Aquarists R. Metz and A. Robbins for help maintaining the monkfish. We are grateful to our European colleagues who shared ideas and experience, particularly C. Laurenson, L. Ofstad, and I. Gibb. This research was funded by grant number NA05NMF4721057 from the U.S. Northeast Consortium. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 140 IS 3 BP 582 EP 586 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.584802 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 779WV UT WOS:000291813800006 ER PT J AU Pearse, DE Gunckel, SL Jacobs, SE AF Pearse, Devon E. Gunckel, Stephanie L. Jacobs, Steven E. TI Population Structure and Genetic Divergence of Coastal Rainbow and Redband Trout in the Upper Klamath Basin SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; STEELHEAD; DIFFERENTIATION; EVOLUTION AB Freshwater-resident coastal rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus and the anadromous form of the subspecies, coastal steelhead (summer and winter runs), are present throughout the lower Klamath River-Trinity River system. Although coastal steelhead and other anadromous salmonids historically migrated into the Upper Klamath Basin (which encompasses the upper Klamath River and Upper Klamath Lake) and associated tributaries, the construction of Copco Dam in 1918 and Iron Gate Dam in 1962 stopped all upstream migration of fish past these barriers. In the Upper Klamath Lake basin, native Upper Klamath Lake redband trout O. mykiss newberrii are found along with coastal rainbow trout that were trapped above the dams or stocked from hatchery sources. However, relatively little is known about the genetic relationships among the O. mykiss populations within the Upper Klamath Basin. A population genetic analysis based on data from 17 variable microsatellite loci was conducted for samples collected in the Upper Klamath Basin, including rainbow trout and Upper Klamath Lake redband trout (presumably representative of the ancestral coastal and inland lineages) as well as samples of O. mykiss from neighboring inland lake basins. In addition, the Upper Klamath Basin samples were compared with data from O. mykiss populations below Iron Gate Dam. Results demonstrate the presence of distinct inland and coastal genetic lineages as well as divergent lineages represented by samples from the inland lake basins; these results have significant implications for future restoration of O. mykiss in the greater Klamath River-Trinity River system. C1 [Pearse, Devon E.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Gunckel, Stephanie L.; Jacobs, Steven E.] Native Fish Invest Project, Corvallis Res Lab, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Pearse, DE (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM devon.pearse@noaa.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Rhine Messmer and William Tinniswood collected the majority of the fish samples. Kathryn Kostow archived the samples collected in 2000 and made them available for this study. Members of the Molecular Ecology Team at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, especially E. Anderson, A. Clemento, and J. C. Garza, contributed comments and discussion on data analysis; A. Abadia, C. Gallardo, L. Gilbert-Horvath, A. Martinez, and E. Martinez contributed to the laboratory effort. This work was funded in part by the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Program (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 140 IS 3 BP 587 EP 597 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.583538 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 779WV UT WOS:000291813800007 ER PT J AU Teel, DJ Narum, SR Olsen, JB Utter, FM AF Teel, David J. Narum, Shawn R. Olsen, Jeffrey B. Utter, Fred M. TI Introduction to a Special Section: Genetic Adaptation of Natural Salmonid Populations SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; STOCK IDENTIFICATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; POSITIVE RELATIONSHIPS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; JUVENILE MIGRATION C1 [Teel, David J.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Lab, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Narum, Shawn R.] Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Olsen, Jeffrey B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Utter, Fred M.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Teel, DJ (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Lab, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 140 IS 3 BP 659 EP 664 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.583537 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 779WV UT WOS:000291813800014 ER PT J AU Blankenship, SM Campbell, MR Hess, JE Hess, MA Kassler, TW Kozfkay, CC Matala, AP Narum, SR Paquin, MM Small, MP Stephenson, JJ Warheit, KI AF Blankenship, Scott M. Campbell, Matt R. Hess, Jon E. Hess, Maureen A. Kassler, Todd W. Kozfkay, Christine C. Matala, Andrew P. Narum, Shawn R. Paquin, Melanie M. Small, Maureen P. Stephenson, Jeff J. Warheit, Kenneth I. TI Major Lineages and Metapopulations in Columbia River Oncorhynchus mykiss Are Structured by Dynamic Landscape Features and Environments SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; RAINBOW-TROUT; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS; CHINOOK SALMON; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ATLANTIC SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE AB It is widely recognized that genetic diversity within species is shaped by dynamic habitats. The quantitative and molecular genetic patterns observed are the result of demographics, mutation, migration, and adaptation. The populations of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in the Columbia River basin (including both resident and anadromous forms and various subspecies) present a special challenge to understanding the relative roles of those factors. Standardized microsatellite data were compiled for 226 collections (15,658 individuals) from throughout the Columbia and Snake River basins to evaluate the genetic patterns of structure and adaptation. The data were primarily from fish of the anadromous life history form, and we used a population grouping procedure based on principal components and hierarchical k-means clustering to cluster populations into eight aggregates or groups with similar allele frequencies. These aggregates approximated geographic regions, and the two largest principal components corresponded to ancestral lineages of Sacramento redband trout O. m. stonei, coastal rainbow trout O. m. irideus, and interior Columbia River redband trout O. m. gairdneri. Genetic data were partitioned among primary aggregates (lower Columbia, middle-upper Columbia, and Snake rivers), and the magnitude of genetic divergence relative to genetic diversity was analyzed (per locus) to test for evidence of selection and subsequent signals of adaptation. Two loci showed higher divergence than expected by chance (i.e., positive selection); however, both of these loci were on the fringe of the 99% confidence level and are potential false positives. Genetic patterns were also significantly correlated with certain environmental and habitat parameters (e. g., precipitation), but the extent to which those correlations are causal as opposed to effectual remains unclear. Despite the remaining questions, these data provide a foundation for more detailed investigations of harvest, admixture, and introgression between hatchery-and natural-origin fish and differences in reproductive success among individuals as well as monitoring trends in productivity. C1 [Blankenship, Scott M.; Kassler, Todd W.; Small, Maureen P.; Warheit, Kenneth I.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Genet Sect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Campbell, Matt R.; Kozfkay, Christine C.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Eagle, ID 83616 USA. [Hess, Jon E.; Hess, Maureen A.; Matala, Andrew P.; Narum, Shawn R.; Stephenson, Jeff J.] Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Paquin, Melanie M.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Blankenship, SM (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Genet Sect, 600 Capitol Way N, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM scott.blankenship@dfw.wa.gov RI Hess, Jon/F-5124-2012; Hess, Maureen /E-9769-2013 OI Hess, Jon/0000-0002-3643-202X; FU Bonneville Power Administration; Chelan County Public Utility District; Douglas County Public Utility District; Grant County Public Utility District; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Biological Opinion, Tacoma Power; Washington State General Fund; Yakima Klickitat Fishery Project FX Samples were collected over several years by individuals too numerous to list, but we thank the hatchery and research staff at the Bonneville Power Administration, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and Idaho Department of Fish and Game. Assistance in generating the genotype data was provided by laboratory technicians for each of the participating agencies, including Lori Maxwell, Vanessa Morman, Eric Tretter, Kelly Heindel, Cherril Bowman, Cheryl Dean, and Jennifer Von Bargen. David Graves and Andy Weiss assisted in collecting environmental data. Funding for this project was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration, Chelan County Public Utility District, Douglas County Public Utility District, Grant County Public Utility District, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Biological Opinion, Tacoma Power, Washington State General Fund, and Yakima Klickitat Fishery Project. NR 82 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 140 IS 3 BP 665 EP 684 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.584487 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 779WV UT WOS:000291813800015 ER PT J AU Berntson, EA Carmichael, RW Flesher, MW Ward, EJ Moran, P AF Berntson, Ewann A. Carmichael, Richard W. Flesher, Michael W. Ward, Eric J. Moran, Paul TI Diminished Reproductive Success of Steelhead from a Hatchery Supplementation Program (Little Sheep Creek, Imnaha Basin, Oregon) SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALMO-SALAR L.; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; RESIDENT RAINBOW-TROUT; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; WILD STEELHEAD; CHINOOK SALMON; MATING SYSTEM; OTOLITH MICROCHEMISTRY AB Hatchery supplementation programs are designed to enhance natural production and maintain the fitness of the target population; however, it can be difficult to evaluate the success of these programs. Key to the success of such programs is a relatively high reproductive success of hatchery fish. This study investigated the relative reproductive success (RRS) of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (anadromous rainbow trout) by creating pedigrees for hatchery and natural spawning steelhead. We genotyped adult steelhead that returned to a weir and were released upstream to spawn in Little Sheep Creek, a tributary to the Imnaha River in eastern Oregon. The broodstock for this supplementation program were originally chosen from natural-origin steelhead returning to the weir and in subsequent years consisted of both natural-and hatchery-origin individuals. Microsatellite analyses showed the broodstock to be genetically similar to the natural population across years. We also genotyped adult resident rainbow trout from multiple locations upstream of the weir and determined the parentage of progeny collected at various life history stages, including returning adults in subsequent years. Analysis of progeny sampled at both the juvenile and adult life stages suggested that the RRS of hatchery-origin fish was 30-60% that of their natural-origin counterparts. Using generalized linear models to address the importance of various factors associated with reduced reproductive success, we found that the greatest effects on RRS were origin (natural versus hatchery), length, return date, and the number of same-sex competitors. Natural parents were less negatively affected by same-sex competitors. Differential survival of juveniles and the behavior of offspring and/or spawning adults may all contribute to diminished fitness in hatchery-reared salmon, although it could not be determined to what extent these effects were of a persistent, heritable nature as distinct from an environmental effect associated with hatchery rearing and release strategies. C1 [Berntson, Ewann A.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Field Stn, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. [Carmichael, Richard W.; Flesher, Michael W.] Eastern Oregon Univ, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Ward, Eric J.; Moran, Paul] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Berntson, EA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Field Stn, 7305 Beach Dr E, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. EM ewann.berntson@noaa.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration [198909600] FX We sincerely thank Jay Hesse (Nez Perce Tribal Fisheries), who helped with the initial study design at the Little Sheep site. Many Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) field biologists collected the juvenile parr and resident adult samples. We especially thank the Wallowa Hatchery staff, under the direction of managers Greg Davis and Ron Harrod and assistant managers Bobby Jones and Chad Aschenbrenner, who went to considerable extra effort to collect all adult tissue samples and associated trait data. We also thank the many Northwest Fisheries Science Center and ODFW technicians, scientists, interns, graduate students, and post docs who helped with field and laboratory work. Finally, we very sincerely thank the private landowners who generously allowed us access to their property; without the cooperation, and indeed enthusiasm, of these individuals, this study would simply not have been possible. This work was funded in part by Bonneville Power Administration project 198909600. NR 54 TC 21 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 140 IS 3 BP 685 EP 698 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.584489 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 779WV UT WOS:000291813800016 ER PT J AU Waples, RS Aebersold, PB Winans, GA AF Waples, Robin S. Aebersold, Paul B. Winans, Gary A. TI Population Genetic Structure and Life History Variability in Oncorhynchus nerka from the Snake River Basin SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOCKEYE-SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; REDFISH LAKE; CAPTIVE BROODSTOCKS; CONSERVATION; IDAHO AB We used the variation at 64 allozyme loci to examine genetic relationships among 32 samples of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka and kokanee (resident sockeye salmon) from the Snake River basin and other North American locations. The genetic differentiation among populations was pronounced: Wright's F-ST was higher (0.244) than has been reported in any other study of Pacific salmon. A detailed examination of the O. nerka from lakes in the Sawtooth Valley of Idaho was undertaken to help guide recovery planning for the endangered Redfish Lake population and to help resolve the relationships between the resident and anadromous forms. In Redfish Lake, adult sockeye salmon that returned in 1991-1993 were genetically distinct from local kokanee but similar to a small group of "residual" sockeye salmon discovered in the lake in 1992. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that the original sockeye salmon population was not extirpated by Sunbeam Dam early in this century. Populations of O. nerka that appear to be native to the Snake River were also found in Alturas Lake, Stanley Lake, and Warm Lake, although the latter two lakes also showed evidence of nonnative gene pools. Kokanee sampled from Pettit Lake are clearly the result of an introduction of late-spawning kokanee from northern Idaho, and we found evidence of two O. nerka gene pools in Wallowa Lake, both traceable to introductions of nonnative kokanee. C1 [Waples, Robin S.; Aebersold, Paul B.; Winans, Gary A.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 FU Bonneville Power Administration [BPA 93-066, DE-A179-93BP05326] FX This study would not have been possible without the cooperation and assistance of many people involved in field collections, including Ernie Brannon and Anne Setter (University of Idaho), Bruce Rieman, Keith Johnson, and Paul Kline (Idaho Department of Fish and Game), Scott Spaulding, Dave Teuscher, and Doug Taki (Shoshone-Bannock Tribes), Kathryn Kostow and Bill Knox (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife), and Chuck Guthrie (NMFS, Auke Bay Laboratory). The discovery of the "residual" sockeye salmon in Redfish Lake was due in no small part to the efforts of Bruce Rieman. Bud Welch, Cindy Shiflett, Stephanie Woods, Eric Iwamoto, and Delia Patterson assisted with the electrophoretic analyses, Kathleen Neely assisted with the figures, and Don Anderson, Sharon Clark, Rick Gustafson, Kathryn Kostow, and Matt Powell provided information on histories of stock transfers. We thank Fred Utter and three anonymous reviewers for useful comments on an earlier draft. This work was funded in part by the Bonneville Power Administration (project BPA 93-066, contract DE-A179-93BP05326). NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 140 IS 3 BP 716 EP 733 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.584491 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 779WV UT WOS:000291813800018 ER PT J AU Seeb, LW Seeb, JE Habicht, C Farley, EV Utter, FM AF Seeb, Lisa W. Seeb, James E. Habicht, Christopher Farley, Edward V., Jr. Utter, Fred M. TI Single-Nucleotide Polymorphic Genotypes Reveal Patterns of Early Juvenile Migration of Sockeye Salmon in the Eastern Bering Sea SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA POPULATIONS; CHINOOK SALMON; NORTH-AMERICA; PACIFIC SALMON; WEST-COAST; DIVERGENCE; ALASKA; DISTRIBUTIONS; DIVERSITY AB We estimate patterns of nearshore migration in the eastern Bering Sea for out-migrating Bristol Bay sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in their first year at sea. Over 3,000 juveniles were collected during the late summer of 2005-2007 as part of the Bering-Aleutian Salmon International Survey and tested with a regional genetic baseline of 45 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Population-specific and westward migrations from natal rivers were evident. Populations from Wood River and northwestward predominated in the northern latitudes of Bristol Bay and the eastern Bering Sea and populations from the Egegik River and southwestward in the southern latitudes, while the populations spawning at the head of Bristol Bay had the highest proportions in the middle latitudes. These patterns were stable across years, apparently unaffected by marine productivity and temperature. This continuum of marine migratory patterns most likely reflects stable and population-specific adaptations to buffer the distribution of dynamically shifting marine resources. As monitoring continues, these juvenile surveys will accumulate information to refine predictions of the magnitude of adult returns to their respective rivers of origin and thereby assist in the management of this valuable resource. C1 [Seeb, Lisa W.; Seeb, James E.; Utter, Fred M.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Habicht, Christopher] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Gene Conservat Lab, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Farley, Edward V., Jr.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Seeb, LW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, 1122 NE Boat St,Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM lseeb@uw.edu FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX We thank the staff of the Auke Bay Laboratory for collection of the samples as well as the captains and crews of the research vessels Sea Storm and Northwest Explorer. We also thank Tyler Dann, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, who facilitated the use of the Habicht et al. (2010) single-nucleotide polymorphism baseline and two anonymous reviewers for insightful comments. Carita Pascal, University of Washington, provided excellent laboratory assistance. Funding for this project was provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through a grant to the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 140 IS 3 BP 734 EP 748 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.584493 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 779WV UT WOS:000291813800019 ER PT J AU Martinez, A Garza, JC Pearse, DE AF Martinez, Andres Garza, John Carlos Pearse, Devon E. TI A Microsatellite Genome Screen Identifies Chromosomal Regions under Differential Selection in Steelhead and Rainbow Trout SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ATLANTIC SALMON; GENETIC ARCHITECTURE AB Novel genetic resources now make it possible to directly assess the effects of natural selection on specific regions of the salmonid genome. Natural selection on specific genetic loci will also affect the variation in linked flanking regions through "hitchhiking" effects, causing greater differentiation between populations than would be expected from purely neutral processes. Here we identify candidate genomic regions for the effects of differential natural selection in two closely related populations of steelhead-rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss separated for the last century following anthropogenic introduction above a barrier waterfall in a coastal California stream. A set of 110 expressed sequence tag (EST)-linked and 188 anonymous microsatellite loci, most of which are mapped, were chosen to provide distributed coverage of all linkage groups in the O. mykiss genome. A genome screen was then performed to identify genomic regions under divergent selection. Multiple complementary statistical methods were used to detect outlier loci, and loci identified by more than one method were considered strong candidates for genomic regions affected by recent natural selection and genomic adaptation to the environment above the waterfall. We identified six strongly supported outlier loci, including one linked to an EST and two located in a genomic region that contains quantitative trait loci associated with egg development, spawning time, and other life history variation. Identification of regions in the genome that are potentially under selection provides valuable information C1 [Pearse, Devon E.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Pearse, DE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM devon.pearse@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service; California Department of Fish and Game; Society for the Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science FX Members of the Southwest Fisheries Science Center Molecular Ecology and Genetic Analysis Team (A. Abadia-Cardoso, E. C. Anderson, G. Charrier, A. J. Clemento, E. Gilbert-Horvath, and H. A. Starks) provided critical contributions to this study. We thank M. Bond, C. Hanson, and S. Hayes for sample collection as part of an ongoing ecological study in Scott Creek and R. Waples for stimulating discussions. C. Rexroad graciously provided map information prior to publication. All samples were collected with permission from landowners, including California Polytechnic University's Swanton Pacific Ranch, Lockheed Martin Corporation, and Big Creek Lumber and were approved by the University of California-Santa Cruz's Animal Use Committee according to National Institutes of Health guidelines under NMFS ESA Section 10 permit 1112. Funding for this research was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service and the California Department of Fish and Game, as well as through a genome scholar fellowship awarded to A. M. by the Society for the Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science. NR 110 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 140 IS 3 BP 829 EP 842 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.588094 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 779WV UT WOS:000291813800025 ER PT J AU Sehgal, N Trac, H Acquaviva, V Ade, PAR Aguirre, P Amiri, M Appel, JW Barrientos, LF Battistelli, ES Bond, JR Brown, B Burger, B Chervenak, J Das, S Devlin, MJ Dicker, SR Doriese, WB Dunkley, J Dunner, R Essinger-Hileman, T Fisher, RP Fowler, JW Hajian, A Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hernandez-Monteagudo, C Hilton, GC Hilton, M Hincks, AD Hlozek, R Holtz, D Huffenberger, KM Hughes, DH Hughes, JP Infante, L Irwin, KD Jones, A Juin, JB Klein, J Kosowsky, A Lau, JM Limon, M Lin, YT Lupton, RH Marriage, TA Marsden, D Martocci, K Mauskopf, P Menanteau, F Moodley, K Moseley, H Netterfield, CB Niemack, MD Nolta, MR Page, LA Parker, L Partridge, B Reid, B Sherwin, BD Sievers, J Spergel, DN Staggs, ST Swetz, DS Switzer, ER Thornton, R Tucker, C Warne, R Wollack, E Zhao, Y AF Sehgal, Neelima Trac, Hy Acquaviva, Viviana Ade, Peter A. R. Aguirre, Paula Amiri, Mandana Appel, John W. Felipe Barrientos, L. Battistelli, Elia S. Bond, J. Richard Brown, Ben Burger, Bryce Chervenak, Jay Das, Sudeep Devlin, Mark J. Dicker, Simon R. Doriese, W. Bertrand Dunkley, Joanna Duenner, Rolando Essinger-Hileman, Thomas Fisher, Ryan P. Fowler, Joseph W. Hajian, Amir Halpern, Mark Hasselfield, Matthew Hernandez-Monteagudo, Carlos Hilton, Gene C. Hilton, Matt Hincks, Adam D. Hlozek, Renee Holtz, David Huffenberger, Kevin M. Hughes, David H. Hughes, John P. Infante, Leopoldo Irwin, Kent D. Jones, Andrew Baptiste Juin, Jean Klein, Jeff Kosowsky, Arthur Lau, Judy M. Limon, Michele Lin, Yen-Ting Lupton, Robert H. Marriage, Tobias A. Marsden, Danica Martocci, Krista Mauskopf, Phil Menanteau, Felipe Moodley, Kavilan Moseley, Harvey Netterfield, Calvin B. Niemack, Michael D. Nolta, Michael R. Page, Lyman A. Parker, Lucas Partridge, Bruce Reid, Beth Sherwin, Blake D. Sievers, Jon Spergel, David N. Staggs, Suzanne T. Swetz, Daniel S. Switzer, Eric R. Thornton, Robert Tucker, Carole Warne, Ryan Wollack, Ed Zhao, Yue TI THE ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE: COSMOLOGY FROM GALAXY CLUSTERS DETECTED VIA THE SUNYAEV-ZEL'DOVICH EFFECT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations; galaxies: clusters: general ID SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; BACKGROUND POWER SPECTRUM; TREE PARTICLE-MESH; X-RAY; RADIO-SOURCES; HYDRODYNAMICAL SIMULATIONS; PECULIAR VELOCITIES; SCALING RELATIONS; CATALOG AB We present constraints on cosmological parameters based on a sample of Sunyaev-Zel'dovich-selected (SZ-selected) galaxy clusters detected in a millimeter-wave survey by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. The cluster sample used in this analysis consists of nine optically confirmed high-mass clusters comprising the high-significance end of the total cluster sample identified in 455 deg(2) of sky surveyed during 2008 at 148 GHz. We focus on the most massive systems to reduce the degeneracy between unknown cluster astrophysics and cosmology derived from SZ surveys. We describe the scaling relation between cluster mass and SZ signal with a four-parameter fit. Marginalizing over the values of the parameters in this fit with conservative priors gives sigma(8) = 0.851 +/- 0.115 and omega = -1.14 +/- 0.35 for a spatially flat wCDM cosmological model with Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) seven-year priors on cosmological parameters. This gives a modest improvement in statistical uncertainty over WMAP seven-year constraints alone. Fixing the scaling relation between the cluster mass and SZ signal to a fiducial relation obtained from numerical simulations and calibrated by X-ray observations, we find sigma(8) = 0.821 +/- 0.044 and omega = -1.05 +/- 0.20. These results are consistent with constraints from WMAP7 plus baryon acoustic oscillations plus Type Ia supernova which give sigma(8) = 0.802 +/- 0.038 and omega = -0.98 +/- 0.053. A stacking analysis of the clusters in this sample compared to clusters simulated assuming the fiducial model also shows good agreement. These results suggest that, given the sample of clusters used here, both the astrophysics of massive clusters and the cosmological parameters derived from them are broadly consistent with current models. C1 [Sehgal, Neelima; Lau, Judy M.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Trac, Hy] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Trac, Hy] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Acquaviva, Viviana; Das, Sudeep; Dunkley, Joanna; Hajian, Amir; Lin, Yen-Ting; Lupton, Robert H.; Marriage, Tobias A.; Spergel, David N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Acquaviva, Viviana; Menanteau, Felipe] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Ade, Peter A. R.; Mauskopf, Phil; Tucker, Carole] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Aguirre, Paula; Felipe Barrientos, L.; Duenner, Rolando; Infante, Leopoldo; Baptiste Juin, Jean; Lin, Yen-Ting] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Amiri, Mandana; Battistelli, Elia S.; Burger, Bryce; Halpern, Mark; Hasselfield, Matthew] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Appel, John W.; Das, Sudeep; Dunkley, Joanna; Essinger-Hileman, Thomas; Fisher, Ryan P.; Fowler, Joseph W.; Hajian, Amir; Hincks, Adam D.; Holtz, David; Jones, Andrew; Lau, Judy M.; Limon, Michele; Martocci, Krista; Niemack, Michael D.; Page, Lyman A.; Parker, Lucas; Reid, Beth; Sherwin, Blake D.; Staggs, Suzanne T.; Switzer, Eric R.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Battistelli, Elia S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Bond, J. Richard; Hajian, Amir; Nolta, Michael R.; Sievers, Jon] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Brown, Ben; Kosowsky, Arthur] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Chervenak, Jay; Moseley, Harvey; Wollack, Ed; Zhao, Yue] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Das, Sudeep] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Das, Sudeep] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Devlin, Mark J.; Dicker, Simon R.; Klein, Jeff; Limon, Michele; Marriage, Tobias A.; Swetz, Daniel S.; Thornton, Robert] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Doriese, W. Bertrand; Fowler, Joseph W.; Hilton, Gene C.; Irwin, Kent D.; Niemack, Michael D.; Swetz, Daniel S.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dunkley, Joanna; Hlozek, Renee] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Hernandez-Monteagudo, Carlos] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Hilton, Matt; Moodley, Kavilan; Warne, Ryan] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, Sch Math Sci, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Hilton, Matt; Moodley, Kavilan] Ctr High Performance Comp, Cape Town, South Africa. [Huffenberger, Kevin M.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Hughes, David H.] INAOE, Puebla, Mexico. [Lau, Judy M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Limon, Michele] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Lin, Yen-Ting] Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Marriage, Tobias A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Martocci, Krista; Switzer, Eric R.] Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Lab Astrophys & Space Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Netterfield, Calvin B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Partridge, Bruce] Haverford Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. [Reid, Beth] Univ Barcelona, ICC, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Thornton, Robert] W Chester Univ Penn, Dept Phys, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. RP Sehgal, N (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Klein, Jeffrey/E-3295-2013; Spergel, David/A-4410-2011; Hilton, Matthew James/N-5860-2013; Trac, Hy/N-8838-2014; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074; /0000-0002-0896-8628; Limon, Michele/0000-0002-5900-2698; Tucker, Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918; Trac, Hy/0000-0001-6778-3861; Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Menanteau, Felipe/0000-0002-1372-2534; Huffenberger, Kevin/0000-0001-7109-0099 FU US National Science Foundation [AST-0408698, PHY-0355328, AST-0707731, PIRE-0507768]; Princeton University; University of Pennsylvania; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Compute Canada; Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence; University of Toronto; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC3-76SF00515]; NASA [NNX08AH30G]; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); NSF Physics Frontier Center [PHY-0114422]; FONDAP Centro de Astrofisica; RCUK; South African National Research Foundation (NRF); Meraka Institute; South African Square Kilometer Array (SKA) Project; CONICYT; MECESUP; Fundacion Andes; Rhodes Trust; Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics; World Premier International Research Center Initiative, MEXT, Japan; NASA Office of Space Science; [NSFAST-0546035]; [AST-0606975] FX This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation through awards AST-0408698 for the ACT project, and PHY-0355328, AST-0707731, and PIRE-0507768. Funding was also provided by Princeton University and the University of Pennsylvania. The PIRE program made possible exchanges between Chile, South Africa, Spain, and the US that enabled this research program. Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation under the auspices of Compute Canada, the Government of Ontario, Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence, and the University of Toronto.; N.S. is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy contract to SLAC No. DE-AC3-76SF00515. A. H., T. M., S. D., and V. A. were supported through NASA grant NNX08AH30G. A. H. received additional support from a Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) PGS-D scholarship. A. K. and B. P. were partially supported through NSFAST-0546035 and AST-0606975, respectively, for work on ACT. E. S. acknowledges support by NSF Physics Frontier Center grant PHY-0114422 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics. H. Q. and L. I. acknowledge partial support from FONDAP Centro de Astrofisica. J.D. received support from an RCUK Fellowship. K. M., M. H., and R. W. received financial support from the South African National Research Foundation (NRF), the Meraka Institute via funding for the South African Centre for High Performance Computing (CHPC), and the South African Square Kilometer Array (SKA) Project. R. D. was supported by CONICYT, MECESUP, and Fundacion Andes. RH acknowledges funding from the Rhodes Trust. S. D. acknowledges support from the Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics. Y.T.L. acknowledges support from the World Premier International Research Center Initiative, MEXT, Japan. Some of the results in this paper have been derived using the HEALPix package (Gorski et al. 2005). We acknowledge the use of the Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis (LAMBDA). Support for LAMBDA is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science. The data will be made public through LAMBDA (http://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/) and the ACT Web site (http://www.physics.princeton.edu/act/). NR 87 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 732 IS 1 AR 44 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/732/1/44 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 751OD UT WOS:000289626500044 ER PT J AU Hu, ZZ Huang, BH Hou, YT Wang, WQ Yang, FL Stan, C Schneider, EK AF Hu, Zeng-Zhen Huang, Bohua Hou, Yu-Tai Wang, Wanqiu Yang, Fanglin Stan, Cristiana Schneider, Edwin K. TI Sensitivity of tropical climate to low-level clouds in the NCEP climate forecast system SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Low cloud amount; Cloud liquid water path; NCEP climate forecast system; Tropical mean climate and seasonal cycle; Tropical Atlantic ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; SEASONAL CYCLE; COUPLED MODEL; OCEAN; ATLANTIC; SURFACE; VARIABILITY; ISCCP AB In this work, we examine the sensitivity of tropical mean climate and seasonal cycle to low clouds and cloud liquid water path (CLWP) by prescribing them in the NCEP climate forecast system (CFS). It is found that the change of low cloud cover alone has a minor influence on the amount of net shortwave radiation reaching the surface and on the warm biases in the southeastern Atlantic. In experiments where CLWP is prescribed using observations, the mean climate in the tropics is improved significantly, implying that shortwave radiation absorption by CLWP is mainly responsible for reducing the excessive surface net shortwave radiation over the southern oceans in the CFS. Corresponding to large CLWP values in the southeastern oceans, the model generates large low cloud amounts. That results in a reduction of net shortwave radiation at the ocean surface and the warm biases in the sea surface temperature in the southeastern oceans. Meanwhile, the cold tongue and associated surface wind stress in the eastern oceans become stronger and more realistic. As a consequence of the overall improvement of the tropical mean climate, the seasonal cycle in the tropical Atlantic is also improved. Based on the results from these sensitivity experiments, we propose a model bias correction approach, in which CLWP is prescribed only in the southeastern Atlantic by using observed annual mean climatology of CLWP. It is shown that the warm biases in the southeastern Atlantic are largely eliminated, and the seasonal cycle in the tropical Atlantic Ocean is significantly improved. Prescribing CLWP in the CFS is then an effective interim technique to reduce model biases and to improve the simulation of seasonal cycle in the tropics. C1 [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Wang, Wanqiu] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Huang, Bohua; Stan, Cristiana; Schneider, Edwin K.] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. [Huang, Bohua; Schneider, Edwin K.] George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Hou, Yu-Tai; Yang, Fanglin] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, NCEP, NWS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Hu, ZZ (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, 5200 Auth Rd,Suite 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Zeng-Zhen.Hu@noaa.gov RI Stan, Cristiana/B-4376-2009; Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011; Yang, Fanglin/A-1948-2013 OI Stan, Cristiana/0000-0002-0076-0574; Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400; FU NOAA [NA07OAR4310310, NA09OAR4310058]; NSF [ATM-0830062, ATM-0830068]; NASA [NNX09AN50G] FX In the process of designing and conducting the experiments, we received help from Sarah Lu (EMC/NCEP/NOAA), Dagang Wang (Princeton University), Kathy Pegion (COLA and ESRL/NOAA), Meizhu Fan (COLA, GMU and NOAA), Li Zhang (COLA and NOAA), Larry Marx (COLA), and Julia Manganello (COLA). We also appreciate J. L. Kinter III for his comments and encouragement, and V. Krishnamurthy, B. Cash, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. This work was supported by the NOAA CVP Program (NA07OAR4310310) (Hu and Huang), NSF ATM-0830062 (Huang and Schneider), NSF ATM-0830068, NOAA NA09OAR4310058, and NASA NNX09AN50G (Hu and Stan). Most of the calculation was conducted on the NCAR Bluefire super-computer. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 36 IS 9-10 BP 1795 EP 1811 DI 10.1007/s00382-010-0797-z PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 750PL UT WOS:000289560400010 ER PT J AU Boyd, MT Klein, SA Reindl, DT Dougherty, BP AF Boyd, Matthew T. Klein, Sanford A. Reindl, Douglas T. Dougherty, Brian P. TI Evaluation and Validation of Equivalent Circuit Photovoltaic Solar Cell Performance Models SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB The "five-parameter model" is a performance model for photovoltaic solar cells that predicts the voltage and current output by representing the cells as an equivalent electrical circuit with radiation and temperature-dependent components. An important feature of the five-parameter model is that its parameters can be determined using data commonly provided by module manufacturers on their published datasheets. This paper documents the predictive capability of the five-parameter model and proposes modifications to improve its performance using approximately 30 days of field-measured meteorological and module data from a wide range of cell technologies, including monocrystalline, polycrystalline, amorphous silicon, and copper indium diselenide (CIS). The standard five-parameter model is capable of predicting the performance of monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon modules within approximately 6% RMS but is slightly less accurate for a thin-film CIS and an amorphous silicon array. Errors for the amorphous technology are reduced to approximately 5% RMS by using input data obtained after the module underwent an initial degradation in output due to aging. The robustness and possible improvements to the five-parameter model were also evaluated. A sensitivity analysis of the five-parameter model shows that all model inputs that are difficult to determine and not provided by manufacturer datasheets such as the glazing material properties, the semiconductor band gap energy, and the ground reflectance may be represented by approximate values independent of the PV technology. Modifications to the five-parameter model tested during this research did not appreciably improve the overall model performance. Additional dependence introduced by a seven-parameter model had a less than 1% RMS effect on maximum power predictions for the amorphous technology and increased the modeling errors for this array 4% RMS at open-circuit conditions. Adding a current sink to the equivalent circuit to better model recombination currents had little effect on the model behavior. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4003584] C1 [Boyd, Matthew T.; Klein, Sanford A.; Reindl, Douglas T.] Univ Wisconsin, Solar Energy Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Dougherty, Brian P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Boyd, MT (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Solar Energy Lab, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM klein@engr.wisc.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; OI Boyd, Matthew/0000-0003-2705-3084 FU NREL FX The authors wish to acknowledge NREL for providing the funding to complete this project and Nate Blair and other researchers at NREL for their helpful feedback. Special thanks to Professor William Beckman in assisting with the seven-parameter model and also to Ty Neises for the simulations and plotting relating to the sensitivity analysis of the five-parameter model. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 18 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 EI 1528-8986 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD MAY PY 2011 VL 133 IS 2 AR 021005 DI 10.1115/1.4003584 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 749RR UT WOS:000289487500005 ER PT J AU Kumanchik, L Schmitz, T Pratt, J AF Kumanchik, Lee Schmitz, Tony Pratt, Jon TI Simultaneous normal and torsional force measurement by cantilever surface contour analysis SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microscopy; force; atomic; interferometry; stiffness; calibration ID MICROSCOPE CANTILEVERS; ADHESION MEASUREMENTS; SPRING CONSTANT; GERMANIUM; FRICTION; SILICON; TILT AB This study presents an alternative to the current Hooke's law-based force relation between rectangular cantilever deflection and applied force. In the new approach, a transduction constant is presented that (1) includes no cross-talk between torsion and normal force components, (2) is independent of the load application point, and (3) does not depend on the cantilever beam length. Rather than measuring the cantilever deformation at a single point (such as the tip location), it is measured at multiple adjacent points using scanning white light interferometry to provide a three-dimensional description of the cantilever deformation during loading. This measurement, processed by a force relation based on a superposition of deflections derived from Euler-Bernoulli bending theory and St Venant's torsion theory, provides the vertical, axial, and torsional force components simultaneously. Experimental results are compared to force predictions for the vertical and torsional components using macro-scale cantilevers under mass loading. An uncertainty analysis is also provided. C1 [Kumanchik, Lee; Schmitz, Tony] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Pratt, Jon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schmitz, T (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM leemk@ufl.edu; tschmitz@ufl.edu; jon.pratt@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work was partially supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of this agency. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 22 IS 5 AR 055103 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/22/5/055103 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 749KD UT WOS:000289463700006 ER PT J AU Alexander, MS Kawahara, G Kho, AT Howell, MH Pusack, TJ Myers, JA Montanaro, F Zon, LI Guyon, JR Kunkel, LM AF Alexander, Matthew S. Kawahara, Genri Kho, Alvin T. Howell, Melanie H. Pusack, Timothy J. Myers, Jennifer A. Montanaro, Federica Zon, Leonard I. Guyon, Jeffrey R. Kunkel, Louis M. TI ISOLATION AND TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS OF ADULT ZEBRAFISH CELLS ENRICHED FOR SKELETAL MUSCLE PROGENITORS SO MUSCLE & NERVE LA English DT Article DE differentiation; muscle mutants; muscle stem cells; myogenic progenitors; myogenesis; transcriptome; zebrafish ID MYOGENIC REGULATORY FACTORS; MUSCULAR-DYSTROPHY; SATELLITE CELLS; IN-VITRO; MUTANT; DIFFERENTIATION; DERMOMYOTOME; THERAPY; DISEASE; SLOW AB Introduction: Over the past 10 years, the use of zebrafish for scientific research in the area of muscle development has increased dramatically. Although several protocols exist for the isolation of adult myoblast progenitors from larger fish, no standardized protocol exists for the isolation of myogenic progenitors from adult zebrafish muscle. Methods: Using a variant of a mammalian myoblast isolation protocol, zebrafish muscle progenitors have been isolated from the total dorsal myotome. These zebrafish myoblast progenitors can be cultured for several passages and then differentiated into multinucleated, mature myotubes. Results: Transcriptome analysis of these cells during myogenic differentiation revealed a strong downregulation of pluripotency genes, while, conversely, showing an upregulation of myogenic signaling and structural genes. Conclusions: Together these studies provide a simple, yet detailed method for the isolation and culture of myogenic progenitors from adult zebrafish, while further promoting their therapeutic potential for the study of muscle disease and drug screening. Muscle Nerve 43: 741-750, 2011 C1 [Alexander, Matthew S.; Kawahara, Genri; Kho, Alvin T.; Howell, Melanie H.; Pusack, Timothy J.; Myers, Jennifer A.; Montanaro, Federica; Guyon, Jeffrey R.; Kunkel, Louis M.] Childrens Hosp Boston, Program Genom, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Alexander, Matthew S.; Kawahara, Genri; Kho, Alvin T.; Howell, Melanie H.; Pusack, Timothy J.; Myers, Jennifer A.; Montanaro, Federica; Guyon, Jeffrey R.; Kunkel, Louis M.] Childrens Hosp Boston, Ctr Life Sci, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Zon, Leonard I.] Childrens Hosp Boston, Stem Cell Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Kunkel, Louis M.] Childrens Hosp Boston, Manton Ctr Orphan Dis Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Montanaro, Federica] Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Ctr Gene Therapy, Res Inst,Nationwide Childrens Hosp,Dept Pediat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Zon, Leonard I.; Kunkel, Louis M.] Harvard Stem Cell Inst, Cambridge, MA USA. [Guyon, Jeffrey R.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK USA. RP Kunkel, LM (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Boston, Program Genom, Room CLS15027-1,3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM kunkel@enders.tch.harvard.edu RI Montanaro, Federica/E-3691-2011; OI Montanaro, Federica/0000-0002-3338-0498; Alexander, Matthew/0000-0001-7406-5171 FU Bernard F. and Alva B. Gimbel Foundation; NIH [5P50 DK49216, 1RO1 DK55381]; National Institutes of Health for the Molecular Genetics Core [P30HD18655, P50NS040828, K25 HL091124]; Muscular Dystrophy Association; Harvard Stem Cell Institute FX The authors thank Emanuela Gussoni for critical reading of the manuscript. The first three authors (M.S.A., G.K., A.T.K.) contributed equally to this work. Funding for this work was generously provided by the Bernard F. and Alva B. Gimbel Foundation (to L.M.K.) and through two NIH grants (5P50 DK49216 and 1RO1 DK55381 to L.I.Z.). Additional funding was provided by the National Institutes of Health for the Molecular Genetics Core (P30HD18655) and a program project grant (P50NS040828) awarded to L.M.K. L.I.Z. is a founder and stockholder of Fate, Inc., and a scientific advisor for Stemgent. A.T.K. was supported by an NIH grant (K25 HL091124). J.R.G. was supported by a developmental grant from the Muscular Dystrophy Association. M.S.A. was supported by a training fellowship from the Harvard Stem Cell Institute and the NIH. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0148-639X J9 MUSCLE NERVE JI Muscle Nerve PD MAY PY 2011 VL 43 IS 5 BP 741 EP 750 DI 10.1002/mus.21972 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 748VI UT WOS:000289420500018 PM 21337346 ER PT J AU Weides, M Bialczak, RC Lenander, M Lucero, E Mariantoni, M Neeley, M O'Connell, AD Sank, D Wang, H Wenner, J Yamamoto, T Yin, Y Cleland, AN Martinis, J AF Weides, M. Bialczak, R. C. Lenander, M. Lucero, E. Mariantoni, Matteo Neeley, M. O'Connell, A. D. Sank, D. Wang, H. Wenner, J. Yamamoto, T. Yin, Y. Cleland, A. N. Martinis, J. TI Phase qubits fabricated with trilayer junctions SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We have developed a novel Josephson junction geometry with minimal volume of lossy isolation dielectric, suitable for higher quality trilayer junctions implemented in qubits. The junctions are based on in situ deposited trilayers with thermal tunnel oxide, have micron-sized areas and a low subgap current. In qubit spectroscopy only a few avoided level crossings are observed, and the measured relaxation time of T-1 approximate to 400 ns is in good agreement with the usual phase qubit decay time, indicating low loss due to the additional isolation dielectric. C1 [Weides, M.; Bialczak, R. C.; Lenander, M.; Lucero, E.; Mariantoni, Matteo; Neeley, M.; O'Connell, A. D.; Sank, D.; Wang, H.; Wenner, J.; Yamamoto, T.; Yin, Y.; Cleland, A. N.; Martinis, J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Weides, M (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM martin.weides@nist.gov RI Wang, Haohua/G-8875-2011; Weides, Martin/C-1470-2009; Wenner, James/G-3777-2014 OI Weides, Martin/0000-0002-2718-6795; Wenner, James/0000-0001-7107-4734 FU IARPA [W911NF-04-1-0204]; Alexander von Humboldt-Foundation; Elings Postdoctoral Fellowship FX The authors would like to thank D Pappas for stimulating discussions. This work was supported by IARPA under grant W911NF-04-1-0204. MW acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt-Foundation and MM from an Elings Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 EI 1361-6668 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 24 IS 5 AR 055005 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/24/5/055005 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 748RZ UT WOS:000289410100005 ER PT J AU Kunii, M Saito, K Seko, H Hara, M Hara, T Yamaguchi, M Gong, JD Charron, M Du, J Wang, Y Chen, DH AF Kunii, Masaru Saito, Kazuo Seko, Hiromu Hara, Masahiro Hara, Tabito Yamaguchi, Munehiko Gong, Jiandong Charron, Martin Du, Jun Wang, Yong Chen, Dehui TI Verification and intercomparison of mesoscale ensemble prediction systems in the Beijing 2008 Olympics Research and Development Project SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MULTISCALE GEM MODEL; DATA ASSIMILATION; ERROR; PERTURBATIONS; FORMULATION; GENERATION; DESIGN; SKILL; NCEP; JMA AB During the period around the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, the Beijing 2008 Olympics Research and Development Project (B08RDP) was conducted as part of the World Weather Research Program short-range weather forecasting research project. Mesoscale ensemble prediction (MEP) experiments were carried out by six organizations in near-real time, in order to share their experiences in the development of MEP systems. The purpose of this study is to objectively verify these experiments and to clarify the problems associated with the current MEP systems through the same experiences. Verification was performed using the MEP outputs interpolated into a common verification domain with a horizontal resolution of 15 km. For all systems, the ensemble spreads grew as the forecast time increased, and the ensemble mean improved the forecast errors compared with individual control forecasts in the verification against the analysis fields. However, each system exhibited individual characteristics according to the MEP method. Some participants used physical perturbation methods. The significance of these methods was confirmed by the verification. However, the mean error (ME) of the ensemble forecast in some systems was worse than that of the individual control forecast. This result suggests that it is necessary to pay careful attention to physical perturbations. C1 [Kunii, Masaru; Saito, Kazuo; Seko, Hiromu; Hara, Masahiro; Yamaguchi, Munehiko] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Hara, Tabito] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Numer Predict Div, Tokyo, Japan. [Gong, Jiandong; Chen, Dehui] Chinese Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Charron, Martin] Environm Canada, Dorval, PQ, Canada. [Du, Jun] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Washington, DC USA. [Wang, Yong] Zent Anstalt Meteorol & Geodynam, Vienna, Austria. RP Kunii, M (reprint author), Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. EM mkunii@mri-jma.go.jp NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 63 IS 3 BP 531 EP 549 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2011.00512.x PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 749PU UT WOS:000289481700011 ER PT J AU Hacker, JP Ha, SY Snyder, C Berner, J Eckel, FA Kuchera, E Pocernich, M Rugg, S Schramm, J Wang, X AF Hacker, J. P. Ha, S. -Y. Snyder, C. Berner, J. Eckel, F. A. Kuchera, E. Pocernich, M. Rugg, S. Schramm, J. Wang, X. TI The U.S. Air Force Weather Agency's mesoscale ensemble: scientific description and performance results SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SCHEME; KALMAN FILTER; PREDICTION SYSTEM; PART I; MODEL; FORECASTS; PERTURBATIONS; SIMULATIONS; CONVECTION; TRANSFORM AB This work evaluates several techniques to account for mesoscale initial-condition (IC) and model uncertainty in a short-range ensemble prediction system based on the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model. A scientific description and verification of several candidate methods for implementation in the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency mesoscale ensemble is presented. Model perturbation methods tested include multiple parametrization suites, land-surface property perturbations, perturbations to parameters within physics schemes and stochastic 'backscatter' stream-function perturbations. IC perturbations considered include perturbed observations in 10 independent WRF-3DVar cycles and the ensemble-transform Kalman filter (ETKF). A hybrid of ETKF (for IC perturbations) and WRF-3DVar (to update the ensemble mean) is also tested. Results show that all of the model and IC perturbation methods examined are more skilful than direct dynamical downscaling of the global ensemble. IC perturbations are most helpful during the first 12 h of the forecasts. Physical parametrization diversity appears critical for boundary-layer forecasts. In an effort to reduce system complexity by reducing the number of suites of physical parametrizations, a smaller set of parametrization suites was combined with perturbed parameters and stochastic backscatter, resulting in the most skilful and statistically consistent ensemble predictions. C1 [Hacker, J. P.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ha, S. -Y.; Snyder, C.; Berner, J.; Pocernich, M.; Schramm, J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Eckel, F. A.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kuchera, E.; Rugg, S.] USAF, Weather Agcy, Bellevue, NE USA. [Wang, X.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Hacker, JP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jphacker@nps.edu RI Wang, Xuguang/C-5458-2013 FU U.S. Air Force Weather Agency FX This work was funded by the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency. The authors are grateful for support from D. Gill, J. Dudhia and others in the WRF development group. NR 40 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 63 IS 3 BP 625 EP 641 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2010.00497.x PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 749PU UT WOS:000289481700016 ER PT J AU Busch, DS Robinson, WD Robinson, TR Wingfield, JC AF Busch, D. Shallin Robinson, W. Douglas Robinson, Tara R. Wingfield, John C. TI Influence of proximity to a geographical range limit on the physiology of a tropical bird SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian endocrinology; climate change; energetic constraint; environmental stressors; species distribution ID PENGUINS SPHENISCUS-MAGELLANICUS; WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS; FREE-LIVING LIZARDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INSECTIVOROUS BIRDS; RAIN-FOREST; ADRENOCORTICAL-RESPONSE; SCELOPORUS-OCCIDENTALIS; ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS; NEOTROPICAL LANDSCAPE AB P>1. Species' geographical ranges can be limited by a variety of biotic and abiotic factors. Physiological challenge in response to unsuitable environmental conditions can establish limits to geographical ranges. 2. We studied the physiology of Song Wrens (Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus) across their geographical range on the isthmus of Panama, an area characterized by a strong rainfall gradient. Wrens are common on the Caribbean slope of the isthmus where annual rainfall is greatest, but wren abundance declines towards the south as annual rainfall declines. Song Wrens are completely absent from the driest third of the isthmus. 3. We searched for the existence of a physiologically induced distribution limit by measuring body condition (an integrative measure of energy balance), hematocrit (% packed red blood cells in a given blood sample), and corticosterone levels (CORT, a steroid hormone that regulates the availability of energy and the endocrine stress response) in males and females. We caught birds by luring them into nets when they responded to playback of conspecific song. 4. Wrens living in drier habitat near the geographical range edge were significantly more likely to have abnormally low hematocrit scores. Baseline CORT levels were negatively associated with rainfall in one of our three best-fit path models, indicating potential energetic challenge in some individuals. Maximum CORT levels during a 60-min period of restraint correlated significantly only with sex, being higher in females. Birds with the poorest body condition lived at the dry end of the gradient. Birds on the wet end of the gradient responded fastest to conspecific song. 5. Environmental conditions vary across geographical ranges and may influence the physiological conditions of organisms, thereby enforcing limits to species' distributions. Highly specialized species, such as birds of the rain forest understory, may be especially susceptible to environmental variation associated with changing climatic conditions. C1 [Busch, D. Shallin; Wingfield, John C.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Robinson, W. Douglas; Robinson, Tara R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oak Creek Lab Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Busch, DS (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM shallin@u.washington.edu FU NSF [IBN-9905679, IBN-0212587] FX This study was made possible by logistical support of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), especially with help from M. Leone, O. Arosemena, and R. Urriola. We thank the Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente for permission to work in the Republic of Panama. I. Ochoa assisted in the field and L. Erckmann assisted in the laboratory. Thanks to M. Hau, M. Wikelski, I. Moore, N. Perfito, S. O'Brien, S. Kitaysky, M. Ramenofsky, B. Semmens and the STRI community for help and input and to two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript. We were supported by NSF IBN-9905679 to JCW, NSF IBN-0212587 to WDR, and a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship to DSB. This research was conducted with approval from the University of Washington's Animal Care and Use Committee (permit number 2212-38) and the Republic of Panama's Ministry of the Environment (permit number SE/A050-02). NR 92 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 80 IS 3 BP 640 EP 649 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01791.x PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 745JE UT WOS:000289160900016 PM 21219328 ER PT J AU Klein, KL Anderson, IM De Jonge, N AF Klein, K. L. Anderson, I. M. De Jonge, N. TI Transmission electron microscopy with a liquid flow cell SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Chromatic aberration; in situ; liquid; nanoparticles; spatial resolution; STEM; TEM ID TISSUES; GROWTH; FILM AB P>The imaging of microscopic structures at nanometre-scale spatial resolution in a liquid environment is of interest for a wide range of studies. Recently, a liquid flow transmission electron microscopy (TEM) holder equipped with a microfluidic cell has been developed and shown to exhibit flow of nanoparticles through an electron transparent viewing window. Here we demonstrate the application of the flow cell system for both scanning and conventional transmission electron microscopy imaging of immobilized nanoparticles with a resolution of a few nanometres in liquid water of micrometre thickness. The spatial resolution of conventional TEM bright field imaging is shown to be limited by chromatic aberration due to multiple inelastic scattering in the water, and we demonstrate that the liquid in the cell can be displaced by a gas phase that forms under intense electron irradiation. Our data suggest that under appropriate conditions, TEM imaging with a liquid flow cell is a promising method for understanding the in situ behaviour of nanoscale structures in a prescribed and dynamically changing chemical environment. C1 [Klein, K. L.; Anderson, I. M.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [De Jonge, N.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. RP Klein, KL (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kate.klein@nist.gov RI de Jonge, Niels/B-5677-2008 FU National Research Council; National Institutes of Health [1R43EB008589]; Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX The authors thank Dr. Jim Bentley of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for technical assistance in support of these studies. Research was supported by the National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program (KLK) and by grant 1R43EB008589 to Dr. Stephen Mick from the National Institutes of Health (NdJ). The authors are grateful to Protochips Inc. for access to the prototype liquid flow TEM holder and material support. Electron microscopy was performed at the ORNL SHaRE User Facility, sponsored by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 17 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 10 U2 91 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 242 IS 2 BP 117 EP 123 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2010.03484.x PG 7 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 745KI UT WOS:000289163900002 PM 21250996 ER PT J AU Bi, HS Feinberg, L Shaw, CT Peterson, WT AF Bi, Hongsheng Feinberg, Leah Shaw, C. Tracy Peterson, William T. TI Estimated development times for stage-structured marine organisms are biased if based only on survivors SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Euphausia pacifica; stage duration; stage-specific mortality; stage-structured population model; inverse technique ID KRILL EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; GROWTH-RATES; COPEPOD GROWTH; EGG-PRODUCTION; ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; LARVAL KRILL; MORTALITY; WEST; RECRUITMENT; POPULATIONS AB Stage duration is a key parameter in modeling population dynamics of stage-structured populations, however stage duration can be difficult to estimate accurately because calculations are based on survivors and fail to account for mortality. Here we show a method by which development time and stage duration can be adjusted after accounting for within-stage mortality. As an example, we use a previously published data set on stage-specific abundances of the euphausiid, Euphausia pacifica from four laboratory-incubated cohorts, raised from egg to juvenile stage. We used a stage-structured population model along with an inverse algorithm to estimate stage durations, both with and without considering mortality rates. Results suggest that the overall stage duration from egg to furcilia was similar to 48 days when mortality was considered, and similar to 60 days when mortality was not included. Stage-specific mortality rates were generally lower than 10% per day for those stages with relatively high mortality rates (egg and naupliar stages and furcilia VI-VII) and < 4% for other developmental stages. However, the difference between the estimates with and without considering mortality rates did not show a clear relationship with stage-specific mortality rates. More robust models that can incorporate the variability in developmental pathways and physiological changes that occur during the molting process may be necessary to further investigate how age distribution within stage and mortality influence the estimation of stage duration. C1 [Bi, Hongsheng] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Feinberg, Leah; Shaw, C. Tracy] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Peterson, William T.] NOAA Fisheries NWFSC, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Bi, HS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. EM hbi@umces.edu RI Bi, Hongsheng/B-9409-2012 FU NOAA/NSF; US GLOBEC program FX This synthesis work is supported by NOAA/NSF CAMEO program. The original laboratory experiment was supported by US GLOBEC program. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 EI 1464-3774 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 33 IS 5 BP 751 EP 762 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbq138 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 745VO UT WOS:000289198500007 ER PT J AU Day, J Ibanez, C Scarton, F Pont, D Hensel, P Day, J Lane, R AF Day, John Ibanez, Carles Scarton, Francesco Pont, Didier Hensel, Philippe Day, Jason Lane, Robert TI Sustainability of Mediterranean Deltaic and Lagoon Wetlands with Sea-Level Rise: The Importance of River Input SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Deltas; Sediment input; Flood pulse; Sea-level rise; Mediterranean wetlands ID SHORT-TERM SEDIMENTATION; LOWER EBRO RIVER; VERTICAL ACCRETION; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; SALT-MARSH; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; COASTAL WETLANDS; SOIL ELEVATION; VENICE LAGOON; LOUISIANA AB We report on a decadal trend of accretionary dynamics in the wetlands of several northwestern Mediterranean deltas and a lagoon system, all of them with high rates of wetland loss. Wetland vertical accretion and surface elevation change were measured at 55 riverine, marine, and impounded sites in four coastal systems: the Ebro delta, Spain; the Rhne delta, France; and the Po delta and Venice Lagoon, Italy. Vertical accretion and elevation change ranged between 0 and 25 mm year(-1) and were strongly correlated. The highest rates of elevation gain occurred at riverine sites where vertical accretion was highest. We conclude that areas with high sediment input, mainly riverine, are the only ones likely to survive accelerated sea-level rise, especially if recent higher estimates of 1 m or more in the twenty-first century prove to be accurate. This is the first study where the importance of river input on wetland survival has been demonstrated at a decadal time scale over a broad geographical area. C1 [Day, John; Day, Jason; Lane, Robert] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Ibanez, Carles] IRTA, Aquat Ecosyst Program, San Carlos de la Rapita 43540, Catalonia, Spain. [Scarton, Francesco] SELC Soc Ecol Lagune & Coste Soc Coop, I-30175 Venice, Italy. [Pont, Didier] Cemagref, UR HBAN, F-92163 Antony, France. [Hensel, Philippe] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Day, J (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM johnday@lsu.edu RI Ibanez, Carles/D-2777-2009 OI Ibanez, Carles/0000-0002-7091-5527 FU European Commission [EV5V-CT94_0465] FX Support for this work was provided by the European Commission (contract EV5V-CT94_0465). Additional support came from the U. S. Geological Survey and the Magistrato alle Acque di Venezia-Consorzio Venezia Nuova. Logistical support was provided by the Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat, the Reserve Nationale du Camargue, and the Domaine de la Palissade. We also thank Narcis Prat, Hero Prins, Antonio Canicio, Antoni Curco, Yann Nicolas, Frank Torre, Evelyn Franquet, Serge Suanez, Andrea Rismondo, and Daniele Are for valuable help in the field and laboratory. NR 68 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAY PY 2011 VL 34 IS 3 BP 483 EP 493 DI 10.1007/s12237-011-9390-x PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 741YC UT WOS:000288902400004 ER PT J AU Rumbold, DG Evans, DW Niemczyk, S Fink, LE Laine, KA Howard, N Krabbenhoft, DP Zucker, M AF Rumbold, Darren G. Evans, David W. Niemczyk, Sharon Fink, Larry E. Laine, Krysten A. Howard, Nicole Krabbenhoft, David P. Zucker, Mark TI Source Identification of Florida Bay's Methylmercury Problem: Mainland Runoff Versus Atmospheric Deposition and In situ Production SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Florida Bay; Everglades; Methylmercury; Surface water; Sediment ID MERCURY METHYLATION; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; COASTAL SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SPECIATION; FISH; BIOAVAILABILITY; EVERGLADES AB The first advisory to limit consumption of Florida Bay fish due to mercury was issued in 1995. Studies done by others in the late 1990s found elevated water column concentrations of both total Hg (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in creeks discharging from the Everglades, which had its own recognized mercury problem. To investigate the significance of allochthonous MeHg discharging from the upstream freshwater Everglades, we collected surface water and sediment along two transects from 2000 to 2002. Concentrations of THg and MeHg, ranging from 0.36 ng THg/L to 5.98 ng THg/L and from < 0.02 ng MeHg/L to 1.79 ng MeHg/L, were elevated in the mangrove transition zone when compared both to upstream canals and the open waters of Florida Bay. Sediment concentrations ranged from 5.8 ng THg/g to 145.6 ng THg/g and from 0.05 ng MeHg/g to 5.4 ng MeHg/g, with MeHg as a percentage of THg occasionally elevated in the open bay. Methylation assays indicated that sediments from Florida Bay have the potential to methylate Hg. Assessment of mass loading suggests that canals delivering stormwater from the northern Everglades are not as large a source as direct atmospheric deposition and in situ methylation, especially within the mangrove transition zone. C1 [Rumbold, Darren G.] Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. [Rumbold, Darren G.; Niemczyk, Sharon; Fink, Larry E.; Howard, Nicole] S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL USA. [Evans, David W.] NOAA, Beaufort, NC USA. [Niemczyk, Sharon] Abaco Grp LLC, Boynton Beach, FL USA. [Laine, Krysten A.] E Bay Municipal Util Dist, Oakland, CA USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI USA. [Zucker, Mark] US Geol Survey, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. RP Rumbold, DG (reprint author), Florida Gulf Coast Univ, 10501 FGCU Blvd S, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. EM drumbold@fgcu.edu FU NOAA; South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Prediction and Modeling program (SFERPM) FX The authors would like to thank Angela Drummond and Mark Kromer (SFWMD) for their help in field sampling. We thank Carl Mitchell and David Rudnick for their comments on an early draft of the manuscript and two anonymous reviewers for a later daft. We would like to acknowledge also the hard work of chemists at FDEP, FGS, and CEBAM, especially Lian Lang. We gratefully acknowledge the use of ENP facilities on Key Largo that were used in support of fieldwork. Finally, funding was provided through NOAA's Coastal Oceans Program and administered by the South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Prediction and Modeling program (SFERPM). Other funding was provided by the SFWMD and the NMFS's Southeast Fisheries Science Center. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAY PY 2011 VL 34 IS 3 BP 494 EP 513 DI 10.1007/s12237-010-9290-5 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 741YC UT WOS:000288902400005 ER PT J AU Goodman, MA Conn, PB Fitzpatrick, E AF Goodman, M. April Conn, Paul B. Fitzpatrick, Eric TI Seasonal Occurrence of Cownose Rays (Rhinoptera bonasus) in North Carolina's Estuarine and Coastal Waters SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Cownose ray; Rhinoptera bonasus; Bay scallop; Argopecten irradians; North Carolina ID LOWER CHESAPEAKE BAY AB The seasonal occurrence of cownose rays (Rhinoptera bonasus) within North Carolina's estuarine and coastal waters was examined from aerial surveys conducted during 2004-2006. Generalized linear models were used to assess the influence of several variables (month, year, habitat type, sea surface temperature, and turbidity) on predicted counts of cownose rays. The spatial distributions of rays were compared by season, and differences in group size were tested as a function of season and habitat. Cownose ray data associated with the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries (NCDMF) fishery independent gill net sampling program in Pamlico Sound was also examined as a function of season and year, and compared with aerial observations. Rays immigrated into the region in mid-spring (April), dispersed throughout the estuary in the summer (June-August), and emigrated by late autumn (November). Predicted counts were highest in the spring (April, May) and autumn (September-November) for coastal habitats and highest in the summer for estuarine habitats. Predicted counts were also higher in the coastal region than estuarine and higher when sea surface temperatures were above average. Comparison of group size by habitat type revealed substantially larger group sizes in the coastal habitat than the estuarine. In addition, for the estuary, spring surveys had larger group sizes than summer surveys; for the coastal habitat, autumn group sizes were significantly larger than spring or summer group sizes. The NCDMF gill net sampling surveys indicated similar trends in monthly migration patterns as well as increased ray abundance in 2008 and 2009 compared with 2003-2007. These results suggest that North Carolina's waters serve as important habitat during the seasonal migration of cownose rays, as well as during the summer when the species may utilize the estuarine region as a nursery and/or for foraging. C1 [Goodman, M. April; Conn, Paul B.; Fitzpatrick, Eric] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Goodman, MA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM April.Goodman@noaa.gov FU US Department of the Navy; MCAS Cherry Point; National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) FX We would like to thank the pilots (G. Ambrose, L. Gibbs, J. Meagher, C. Hinkley, M. Honeycutt, and P. Platt), and observers (J. Altman, T. Bean, D. Blackwood, R. Clayton, W. Cluse, B. Daniels, J. Dyble, R. Ferguson, W. Gainey, M. Godfrey, L. Goshe, L. Grimes, G. Haught, S. Huntsman, E. Jugovich, S. Kubis, B. Luna, B. Price, C. Price, B. Rogers, and C. TenBrink) who dedicated their time and help with this project. Thanks is also due to E. Davenport for his analysis of the sea surface temperature data. J. Smith, J. Braun-McNeill, R. Chesire, A. Hohn, and N. Hall provided valuable comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Two anonymous reviewers, Co-Editor-in-Chief J. Cloern, and Associate Editor E. Houde provided much appreciated advice and specific recommendations that greatly improved this manuscript. Funding was provided by The US Department of the Navy, MCAS Cherry Point, and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). The NMFS does not approve, recommend, or endorse any proprietary product or material mentioned in this publication. Aerial surveys were conducted under NMFS Scientific Research Permit No. 1260. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAY PY 2011 VL 34 IS 3 BP 640 EP 651 DI 10.1007/s12237-010-9355-5 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 741YC UT WOS:000288902400016 ER PT J AU Hargather, MJ Staymates, ME Madalis, MJ Smith, DJ Settles, GS AF Hargather, Michael J. Staymates, Matthew E. Madalis, Matthew J. Smith, Daniel J. Settles, Gary S. TI The Internal Aerodynamics of Cargo Containers for Trace Chemical Sampling and Detection SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Air safety; containers; contamination; fluid dynamics; transportation ID HIGH EXPLOSIVES; SYSTEMS; VAPOR AB Millions of air- and sea-cargo containers enter into and are transported throughout the United States each year. The possibility that some might contain terrorist devices and the impracticability of opening and inspecting them all have become highly charged political issues. However, if the interiors of cargo containers could be quickly sampled for trace explosives without opening them, broad and rapid inspections could be conducted. This would enhance security and allow legitimate cargo to flow almost unimpeded through ports and terminals. Here, we present techniques for nonintrusively sampling cargo containers for trace explosive particles and vapors using external suction devices. The experimental results show the ability to successfully detect explosive contamination and the importance of the internal aerodynamics of the cargo containers. This is studied through flow visualization techniques to reveal the effects of "natural air vents," container geometry, and packing configurations upon the sampling techniques investigated here. A discussion of optimal trace sampling strategies is given based on these results. C1 [Hargather, Michael J.; Settles, Gary S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Staymates, Matthew E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Madalis, Matthew J.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Smith, Daniel J.] US Dept Def, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Hargather, MJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mjh340@psu.edu; matthew.staymates@nist.gov; mjmadalis@gmail.com; dsmith460@gmail.com; gss2@psu.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration [99-G-032]; U.S. Department of Homeland Security FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration under Grant 99-G-032 and in part by the Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. The associate editor coordinating the review of this paper and approving it for publication was Prof. Okyay Kaynak. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1184 EP 1193 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2010.2087747 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 735WS UT WOS:000288451900014 ER PT J AU Byrd, BL Hohn, AA Godfrey, MH AF Byrd, Barbie L. Hohn, Aleta A. Godfrey, Matthew H. TI Emerging fisheries, emerging fishery interactions with sea turtles: A case study of the large-mesh gillnet fishery for flounder in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, USA SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Bycatch; Protected species; North Carolina; Stranded animals; Sea turtle; Fishery management ID CARETTA-CARETTA; BYCATCH; RATES; STRANDINGS; MANAGEMENT; WATERS AB Emerging fisheries and changes in fishery practices are not always readily apparent, nor are their impacts on non-target species such as seabirds, sea turtles, and marine mammals. Data from several different sources led managers to discover high rates of sea turtle bycatch in an inshore large-mesh gillnet fishery in North Carolina, USA, particularly the emerging deep-water gillnet fishery. This paper reviews the history of how increased numbers of observed stranded sea turtles in 1999 led to the discovery that turtles were becoming entangled in the large-mesh gillnet fishery in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina. It also demonstrates how a variety of data sets from fisheries observers, aerial surveys, and fisheries statistics programs contributed to shaping management of the large-mesh gillnet fishery in Pamlico Sound to decrease turtle bycatch and now point towards the need of additional assessment of gillnet bycatch in other parts of North Carolina. Finally, potential approaches are discussed for a more timely detection of future fishery conflicts and development of a plan to reduce otherwise inevitable bycatch and disruptions to fishing effort. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Byrd, Barbie L.; Hohn, Aleta A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Godfrey, Matthew H.] N Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Byrd, BL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM barbie.byrd@noaa.gov; aleta.hohn@noaa.gov; matt.godfrey@ncwildlife.org RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011 OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062 NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD MAY PY 2011 VL 35 IS 3 BP 271 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2010.10.003 PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 720JG UT WOS:000287276400001 ER PT J AU Kippenberg, TJ Holzwarth, R Diddams, SA AF Kippenberg, T. J. Holzwarth, R. Diddams, S. A. TI Microresonator-Based Optical Frequency Combs SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID MODE-LOCKED LASERS; PHASE-CONTROL; SPECTROSCOPY; GENERATION; METROLOGY; CHIP; ION AB The series of precisely spaced, sharp spectral lines that form an optical frequency comb is enabling unprecedented measurement capabilities and new applications in a wide range of topics that include precision spectroscopy, atomic clocks, ultracold gases, and molecular fingerprinting. A new optical frequency comb generation principle has emerged that uses parametric frequency conversion in high resonance quality factor (Q) microresonators. This approach provides access to high repetition rates in the range of 10 to 1000 gigahertz through compact, chip-scale integration, permitting an increased number of comb applications, such as in astronomy, microwave photonics, or telecommunications. We review this emerging area and discuss opportunities that it presents for novel technologies as well as for fundamental science. C1 [Kippenberg, T. J.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Holzwarth, R.] Menlo Syst GmbH, Martinsried, Germany. [Kippenberg, T. J.; Holzwarth, R.] Max Planck Inst Quantentopt, Garching, Germany. [Diddams, S. A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kippenberg, TJ (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM tobias.kippenberg@epfl.ch; scott.diddams@nist.gov RI Kippenberg, Tobias/B-3133-2013; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 FU Marie Curie Industry-Academia Partnerships and Pathways; Swiss National Science Foundation; National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) of Quantum Photonics; NCCR NanoTera; T.W. Hansch; NIST FX The authors thank P. Del Haye and D. Heinecke for comments and preparation of the figures and A. Gaeta, L. Maleki, A. Matsko, and D. Moss for providing data and images. We further appreciate the thoughtful comments of S. Papp and D. Leibfried. T.J.K. and R.H. acknowledge support by a Marie Curie Industry-Academia Partnerships and Pathways, and T.J.K. acknowledges further support by the Swiss National Science Foundation, the National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) of Quantum Photonics, and the NCCR NanoTera. T.J.K. thanks T.W. Hansch for support. S.A.D. acknowledges support from NIST. NR 38 TC 574 Z9 580 U1 35 U2 277 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 29 PY 2011 VL 332 IS 6029 BP 555 EP 559 DI 10.1126/science.1193968 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 756DE UT WOS:000289991100039 PM 21527707 ER PT J AU Curry, JJ Estupinan, EG Henins, A Lapatovich, WP Shastri, SD AF Curry, J. J. Estupinan, E. G. Henins, A. Lapatovich, W. P. Shastri, S. D. TI Measurement of vapor pressures using X-ray induced fluorescence SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRIIODIDE; VAPORIZATION; TRICHLORIDE; SUBLIMATION; TRIBROMIDE AB X-ray induced fluorescence is demonstrated as a novel and fast method for measuring vapor pressures at high temperatures and high pressures. As such, it is an excellent complement to the effusion method, which is limited to lower pressures. High-energy synchrotron radiation was used to measure the total densities of Dy in the equilibrium vapor over condensed DyI(3) and Tm in the equilibrium vapor over condensed TmI(3). Corresponding vapor pressures were determined with measured vapor cell temperatures across a range of vapor pressures of nearly three orders of magnitude, from less than 10(2) Pa to more than 104 Pa. Individual data points were obtained in time periods ranging from 10 to 30 s each. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Curry, J. J.; Henins, A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Estupinan, E. G.; Lapatovich, W. P.] OSRAM SYLVANIA Inc, Beverly, MA USA. [Shastri, S. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Curry, JJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jjcurry@nist.gov FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank the management of OSRAM SYLVANIA for supporting this project and we thank Joanne Brown, Victor Perez, Jeff Neil, Michael Quilici, and John Kelso, all of OSRAM SYLVANIA, for their expert technical assistance. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD APR 29 PY 2011 VL 507 IS 1-3 BP 52 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.03.061 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 753KP UT WOS:000289772600010 ER PT J AU Killgore, JP Kelly, JY Stafford, CM Fasolka, MJ Hurley, DC AF Killgore, Jason P. Kelly, Jennifer Y. Stafford, Christopher M. Fasolka, Michael J. Hurley, Donna C. TI Quantitative subsurface contact resonance force microscopy of model polymer nanocomposites SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; STIFFNESS AB We present experimental results on the use of quantitative contact resonance force microscopy (CR-FM) for mapping the planar location and depth of 50 nm diameter silica nanoparticles buried beneath polystyrene films 30-165 nm thick. The presence of shallowly buried nanoparticles, with stiffness greater than that of the surrounding matrix, is shown to locally affect the surface contact stiffness of a material for all depths investigated. To achieve the necessary stiffness sensitivity, the CR-FM measurements are obtained utilizing the fifth contact eigenmode. Stiffness contrast is found to increase rapidly with initial increases in force, but plateaus at higher loads. Over the explored depth range, stiffness contrast spans roughly one order of magnitude, suggesting good depth differentiation. Scatter in the stiffness contrast for single images reveals nonuniformities in the model samples that can be explained by particle size dispersity. Finite element analysis is used to simulate the significant effect particle size can have on contact stiffness contrast. Finally, we show how measurements at a range of forces may be used to deconvolve particle size effects from depth effects. C1 [Killgore, Jason P.; Hurley, Donna C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Kelly, Jennifer Y.; Stafford, Christopher M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fasolka, Michael J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Killgore, JP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM killgore@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU National Research Council Research Associateship Awards at the National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This research was performed while JPK and JYK held National Research Council Research Associateship Awards at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD APR 29 PY 2011 VL 22 IS 17 AR 175706 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/22/17/175706 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 736QR UT WOS:000288509700019 PM 21411923 ER PT J AU Irikura, KK Johnson, RD Kacker, RN Kessel, R AF Irikura, Karl K. Johnson, Russell D., III Kacker, Raghu N. Kessel, Ruediger TI Response to "Comment on 'Uncertainties in scaling factors for ab initio vibrational zero-point energies' and 'Calibration sets and the accuracy of vibrational scaling factors: A case study with the X3LYP hybrid functional'" [J. Chem. Phys. 134, 167101 (2011)] SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID FORCE-CONSTANTS; FREQUENCIES; COMBINATION; MP2 C1 [Irikura, Karl K.; Johnson, Russell D., III] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kacker, Raghu N.; Kessel, Ruediger] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Irikura, KK (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karl.irikura@nist.gov RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 28 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 16 AR 167102 DI 10.1063/1.3581023 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 756XH UT WOS:000290047600043 ER PT J AU Rodrigo, CP Muller, CW Pillsbury, NR James, WH Plusquellic, DF Zwier, TS AF Rodrigo, Chirantha P. Mueller, Christian W. Pillsbury, Nathan R. James, William H., III Plusquellic, David F. Zwier, Timothy S. TI Conformer-specific vibronic spectroscopy and vibronic coupling in a flexible bichromophore: Bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STATE; MOLECULES AB The vibronic spectroscopy of jet-cooled bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane has been explored using fluorescence excitation, dispersed fluorescence (DFL), UV-UV hole-burning, UV depletion, and fluorescence-dip infrared spectroscopies. Calculations predict the presence of three nearly isoenergetic conformers that differ in the orientations of the two OH groups in the para positions on the two aromatic rings (labeled uu, dd, and ud). In practice, two conformers (labeled A and B) are observed, with S(0)-S(1) origins at 35 184 and 35 209 cm(-1), respectively. The two conformers have nearly identical vibronic spectra and hydride stretch infrared spectra. The low-frequency vibronic structure is assigned to bands involving the phenyl torsions (T and (T) over bar), ring-flapping (R and (R) over bar), and butterfly (beta) modes. Symmetry arguments lead to a tentative assignment of the two conformers as the C(2) symmetric uu and dd conformers. The S(0)-S(2) origins are assigned to bands located 132 cm(-1) above the S(0)-S(1) origins of both conformers. DFL spectra from the S(2) origin of the two conformers display extensive evidence for vibronic coupling between the two close-lying electronic states. Near-resonant coupling from the S(2) origin occurs dominantly to S(1) (R) over bar (1) and S(1) (R) over bar (1)beta(1) levels, which are located -15 and +31 cm(-1) from it. Unusual vibronic activity in the ring-breathing (nu(1)) and ring-deformation (nu(6a)) modes is also attributed to vibronic coupling involving these Franck-Condon active modes. A multimode vibronic coupling model is developed based on earlier theoretical descriptions of molecular dimers [Fulton and Gouterman, J. Chem. Phys. 35, 1059 (1961)] and applied here to flexible bichromophores. The model is able to account for the ring-mode activity under conditions in which the S(2) origin is strongly mixed (60%/40%) with S(1) (6a) over bar (1) and (1) over bar (1) levels. The direct extension of this model to the T/(T) over bar and R/(R) over bar inter-ring mode pairs is only partially successful and required some modification to lower the efficiency of the S(1)/S(2) mixing compared to the ring modes. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3580901] C1 [Plusquellic, David F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Biophys Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rodrigo, Chirantha P.; Mueller, Christian W.; Pillsbury, Nathan R.; James, William H., III; Zwier, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Plusquellic, DF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Biophys Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Zwier@purdue.edu; david.plusquellic@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences [DE-FG02-96ER14656]; Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina of the "Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung" [BMBF-LPD 9901/8-159] FX C.P.R., N.R.P., and T.S.Z. gratefully acknowledge the support from the Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences under Grant No. DE-FG02-96ER14656. C.W.M. would like to thank the "Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina" for a postdoctoral scholarship (Grant No. BMBF-LPD 9901/8-159 of the "Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung"). C.P.R. and T.S.Z. thank Evan Buchanan for the support given with some UVD and RIDIR experiments, and Dr. Lyudmila Slipchenko for help with Q-CHEM calculations. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 28 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 16 AR 164312 DI 10.1063/1.3580901 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 756XH UT WOS:000290047600023 PM 21528965 ER PT J AU Rastatter, L Kuznetsova, MM Vapirev, A Ridley, A Wiltberger, M Pulkkinen, A Hesse, M Singer, HJ AF Rastaetter, L. Kuznetsova, M. M. Vapirev, A. Ridley, A. Wiltberger, M. Pulkkinen, A. Hesse, M. Singer, H. J. TI Geospace Environment Modeling 2008-2009 Challenge: Geosynchronous magnetic field SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; SIMULATION; MAGNETOPAUSE; SUBSTORM; SCHEME; WIND AB In this paper the metrics-based results of the inner magnetospheric magnetic field part of the 2008-2009 GEM Metrics Challenge are reported. The Metrics Challenge asked modelers to submit results for four geomagnetic storm events and five different types of observations that can be modeled by statistical or climatological or physics-based (e. g., MHD) models of the magnetosphere-ionosphere system. We present the results of 12 model settings that were run at the Community Coordinated Modeling Center and at the institutions of various modelers for these events. To measure the performance of each of the models against the observations, we use direct comparisons between the strength of the measured magnetic field (B), the sine of the elevation angle Theta(xz) (tau), and the spectral power of fluctuations for both quantities. We find that model rankings vary widely by type of variable and skill score used. None of the models consistently performs best for all events. We find that empirical models perform well for weak storm events, and physics-based (magnetohydrodynamic) models are better for strong storm events. Within a series of runs of the same model we find that higher resolution may not always improve results unless more physics of the inner magnetosphere, such as the kinetic description of the ring current, is included. C1 [Rastaetter, L.; Kuznetsova, M. M.; Pulkkinen, A.; Hesse, M.] NASA, Community Coordinated Modeling Ctr, Space Weather Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Ridley, A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Natl Weather Serv, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wiltberger, M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Vapirev, A.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Pulkkinen, A.] Catholic Univ Amer, IACS, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Rastatter, L (reprint author), NASA, Community Coordinated Modeling Ctr, Space Weather Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 674, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM lutz.rastaetter@nasa.gov; maria.m.kuznetsova@nasa.gov; alexander.vapirev@unh.edu; ridley@umich.edu; wiltbemj@ucar.edu; antti.a.pulkkinen@nasa.gov; michael.hesse@nasa.gov; howard.singer@noaa.gov RI Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011; Hesse, Michael/D-2031-2012; Rastaetter, Lutz/D-4715-2012; Wiltberger, Michael/B-8781-2008 OI Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534; Rastaetter, Lutz/0000-0002-7343-4147; Wiltberger, Michael/0000-0002-4844-3148 NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD APR 28 PY 2011 VL 9 AR S04005 DI 10.1029/2010SW000617 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 757QY UT WOS:000290104000001 ER PT J AU Sebby, KB Walter, ED Usselman, RJ Cloninger, MJ Singel, DJ AF Sebby, Karl B. Walter, Eric D. Usselman, Robert J. Cloninger, Mary J. Singel, David J. TI End-Group Distributions of Multiple Generations of Spin-Labeled PAMAM Dendrimers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUSLY FUNCTIONALIZED DENDRIMERS; POLY(PROPYLENE IMINE) DENDRIMERS; BROWNIAN DYNAMICS SIMULATION; LIGHT-HARVESTING DENDRIMERS; STARBURST DENDRIMERS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; SOLVENT QUALITY; TERMINAL GROUPS; EPR AB Dendrimers are attractive templates to display functional molecular components. Since the behavior of dendrimers systems can depend greatly on the accessibility of these molecular components to the external environment, and on the spatial arrangement of functional groups attached to the dendrimer terminal branches (end-groups), techniques to determine the locations of end-groups are highly desirable. In this report, we describe a method to analyze the EPR spectra of multiple generations of poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers which have spin-labels attached to end-groups in variable percentage of the total number of available sites. The spectra are treated as a convolution of a narrow spin-label spectrum and a variable line broadening function. Trends in the parameters that describe the best-fit line broadening function with spin-label loading reveal the spatial arrangements and homogeneity of spin environments of the labels. We observe a shift in the end-group distribution from generation 2 (G(3)) to G(4) dendrimers that indicates a change in morphology from an open, extended structure to a more dense, compact arrangements. C1 [Sebby, Karl B.; Walter, Eric D.; Usselman, Robert J.; Cloninger, Mary J.; Singel, David J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Sebby, KB (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway,MC 853, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ksebby@chemistry.montana.edu RI Walter, Eric/P-9329-2016; OI Sebby, Karl/0000-0001-6022-9825 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM062444] NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 28 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 16 BP 4613 EP 4620 DI 10.1021/jp112390d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 752MZ UT WOS:000289697300007 PM 21469686 ER PT J AU Sumida, K Her, JH Dinca, M Murray, LJ Schloss, JM Pierce, CJ Thompson, BA FitzGerald, SA Brown, CM Long, JR AF Sumida, Kenji Her, Jae-Hyuk Dinca, Mircea Murray, Leslie J. Schloss, Jennifer M. Pierce, Christopher J. Thompson, Benjamin A. FitzGerald, Stephen A. Brown, Craig M. Long, Jeffrey R. TI Neutron Scattering and Spectroscopic Studies of Hydrogen Adsorption in Cr-3(BTC)(2)-A Metal-Organic Framework with Exposed Cr2+ Sites SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE GAS-ADSORPTION; COORDINATION POLYMER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SORPTION PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; H-2 ADSORPTION; HIGH-CAPACITY; STORAGE; TEMPERATURE; METHANE AB Microporous metal-organic frameworks possessing exposed metal cation sites on the pore surface are of particular interest for high-density H-2 storage at ambient temperatures, owing to the potential for H-2 binding at the appropriate isosteric heat of adsorption for reversible storage at room temperature (ca. -20 kJ/mol). The structure of Cr-3(BTC)(2) (BTC3- = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate) consists of dinuclear paddlewheel secondary building units connected by triangular BTC3- bridging ligands to form a three-dimensional, cubic framework. The fully desolvated form of the compound exhibits BET and Langmuir surface areas of 1810 and 2040 m(2)/g respectively, with open axial Cr2+ coordination sites on the paddlewheel units. Its relatively high surface area facilitates H-2 uptakes (1 bar) of 1.9 wt % at 77 K and 1.3 wt % at 87 K, and a virial-type fitting to the data yields a zero-coverage isosteric heat of adsorption of -7.4(1) kJ/mol. The detailed hydrogen loading characteristics of Cr-3(BTC)(2) have been probed using both neutron powder diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering experiments, revealing that the Cr2+ site is only partially populated until a marked elongation of the Cr-Cr internuclear distance occurs at a loading of greater than 1.0 D-2 per Cr2+ site. Below this loading, the D-2 is adsorbed primarily at the apertures of the octahedral cages. The H-H stretching frequency corresponding to H-2 molecules bound to the primary site is observed in the form of an ortho-para pair at 4110 and 4116 cm(-1), respectively, which is significantly shifted compared to the frequencies for free H-2 of 4155 and 4161 cm(-1). The infrared data have been used to compute a site-specific binding enthalpy for H-2 of -6.7(5) kJ/mol, which is in agreement with the zero-coverage isosteric heat of adsorption derived from gas sorption isotherm data. C1 [Sumida, Kenji; Dinca, Mircea; Murray, Leslie J.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sumida, Kenji; Dinca, Mircea; Murray, Leslie J.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Her, Jae-Hyuk] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Her, Jae-Hyuk; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schloss, Jennifer M.; Pierce, Christopher J.; Thompson, Benjamin A.; FitzGerald, Stephen A.] Oberlin Coll, Dept Phys, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. RP Sumida, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sumida, Kenji/E-7542-2011; Dinca, Mircea/C-1345-2008; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Dinca, Mircea/0000-0002-1262-1264; Murray, Leslie/0000-0002-1568-958X; Sumida, Kenji/0000-0003-0215-5922 FU Department of Energy, Berkeley [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Fulbright New Zealand; U.S. Department of Energy within the EERE Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence; American Chemical Society FX The research in Berkeley was funded by the Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We acknowledge Fulbright New Zealand for partial support of K.S. The work at NIST was partially funded by the U.S. Department of Energy within the EERE Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence, and the work at Oberlin College was partially funded by the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund. We thank Dr. Y. Liu for technical assistance during the neutron measurements. NR 63 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD APR 28 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 16 BP 8414 EP 8421 DI 10.1021/jp200638n PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 752NA UT WOS:000289697400073 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, EE Stock, C Krycka, KL Majkrzak, CF Zajdel, P Kirshenbaum, K Butch, NP Saha, SR Paglione, J Green, MA AF Rodriguez, E. E. Stock, C. Krycka, K. L. Majkrzak, C. F. Zajdel, P. Kirshenbaum, K. Butch, N. P. Saha, S. R. Paglione, J. Green, M. A. TI Noncollinear spin-density-wave antiferromagnetism in FeAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MNP-TYPE PHASES; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURES; LIFSHITZ POINT; NIAS-TYPE; TRANSITIONS; SYMMETRY; DIFFRACTION; CRYSTALS; LATTICE AB The nature of the magnetism in the simplest iron arsenide is of fundamental importance in understanding the interplay between localized and itinerant magnetism and superconductivity. We present the magnetic structure of the itinerant monoarsenide FeAs with the B31 structure. Powder neutron diffraction confirms incommensurate modulated magnetism with wave vector q = (0.395 +/- 0.001)c* at 4 K, but can not distinguish between a simple spiral and a collinear spin-density-wave structure. Polarized single-crystal diffraction confirms that the structure is best described as a noncollinear spin-density wave arising from a combination of itinerant and localized behavior with spin amplitude along the b-axis direction being (15 +/- 5)% larger than in the a direction. Furthermore, the propagation vector is temperature dependent, and the magnetization near the critical point indicates a two-dimensional Heisenberg system. The magnetic structures of closely related systems are discussed and compared to that of FeAs. C1 [Rodriguez, E. E.; Stock, C.; Krycka, K. L.; Majkrzak, C. F.; Green, M. A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Stock, C.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Zajdel, P.] Univ Silesia, Inst Phys, Div Phys Crystals, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. [Kirshenbaum, K.; Butch, N. P.; Saha, S. R.; Paglione, J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Green, M. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Rodriguez, EE (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RI Zajdel, Pawel/B-7574-2013 OI Zajdel, Pawel/0000-0003-1220-5866 FU AFOSR-MURI [FA9550-09-1-0603] FX This work was supported by AFOSR-MURI Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0603. NR 42 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 28 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 13 AR 134438 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.134438 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 784GW UT WOS:000292145800002 ER PT J AU Hazen, EL Nowacek, DP Laurent, LS Halpin, PN Moretti, DJ AF Hazen, Elliott L. Nowacek, Douglas P. Laurent, Louis St. Halpin, Patrick N. Moretti, David J. TI The Relationship among Oceanography, Prey Fields, and Beaked Whale Foraging Habitat in the Tongue of the Ocean SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; CUVIERS ZIPHIUS-CAVIROSTRIS; DEEP SCATTERING LAYERS; MESOPLODON-DENSIROSTRIS; VERTICAL MIGRATION; DIVING BEHAVIOR; FISH; DIEL; PREDATOR; SCALE AB Beaked whales, specifically Blainville's (Mesoplodon densirostris) and Cuvier's (Ziphius cavirostris), are known to feed in the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas. These whales can be reliably detected and often localized within the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) acoustic sensor system. The AUTEC range is a regularly spaced bottom mounted hydrophone array covering >350 nm(2) providing a valuable network to record anthropogenic noise and marine mammal vocalizations. Assessments of the potential risks of noise exposure to beaked whales have historically occurred in the absence of information about the physical and biological environments in which these animals are distributed. In the fall of 2008, we used a downward looking 38 kHz SIMRAD EK60 echosounder to measure prey scattering layers concurrent with fine scale turbulence measurements from an autonomous turbulence profiler. Using an 8 km, 4-leaf clover sampling pattern, we completed a total of 7.5 repeat surveys with concurrently measured physical and biological oceanographic parameters, so as to examine the spatiotemporal scales and relationships among turbulence levels, biological scattering layers, and beaked whale foraging activity. We found a strong correlation among increased prey density and ocean vertical structure relative to increased click densities. Understanding the habitats of these whales and their utilization patterns will improve future models of beaked whale habitat as well as allowing more comprehensive assessments of exposure risk to anthropogenic sound. C1 [Hazen, Elliott L.; Nowacek, Douglas P.; Halpin, Patrick N.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Hazen, Elliott L.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hazen, Elliott L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Assoc, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA USA. [Nowacek, Douglas P.] Duke Univ, Pratt Sch Engn, Durham, NC USA. [Laurent, Louis St.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Moretti, David J.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Hazen, EL (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Elliott.hazen@noaa.gov RI Hazen, Elliott/G-4149-2014 OI Hazen, Elliott/0000-0002-0412-7178 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-1162] FX The data collection and analysis was funded by the Office of Naval Research as N00014-08-1-1162. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 60 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 27 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 4 AR e19269 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0019269 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 756NO UT WOS:000290019400044 PM 21556355 ER PT J AU Nowacek, DP Friedlaender, AS Halpin, PN Hazen, EL Johnston, DW Read, AJ Espinasse, B Zhou, M Zhu, YW AF Nowacek, Douglas P. Friedlaender, Ari S. Halpin, Patrick N. Hazen, Elliott L. Johnston, David W. Read, Andrew J. Espinasse, Boris Zhou, Meng Zhu, Yiwu TI Super-Aggregations of Krill and Humpback Whales in Wilhelmina Bay, Antarctic Peninsula SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ZOOPLANKTON; PREDATORS; ABUNDANCE; BEHAVIOR; BIOMASS; SYSTEM; WATERS AB Ecological relationships of krill and whales have not been explored in the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), and have only rarely been studied elsewhere in the Southern Ocean. In the austral autumn we observed an extremely high density (5.1 whales per km(2)) of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) feeding on a super-aggregation of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in Wilhelmina Bay. The krill biomass was approximately 2 million tons, distributed over an area of 100 km(2) at densities of up to 2000 individuals m(-3); reports of such 'super-aggregations' of krill have been absent in the scientific literature for >20 years. Retentive circulation patterns in the Bay entrained phytoplankton and meso-zooplankton that were grazed by the krill. Tagged whales rested during daylight hours and fed intensively throughout the night as krill migrated toward the surface. We infer that the previously unstudied WAP embayments are important foraging areas for whales during autumn and, furthermore, that meso-scale variation in the distribution of whales and their prey are important features of this system. Recent decreases in the abundance of Antarctic krill around the WAP have been linked to reductions in sea ice, mediated by rapid climate change in this area. At the same time, baleen whale populations in the Southern Ocean, which feed primarily on krill, are recovering from past exploitation. Consideration of these features and the effects of climate change on krill dynamics are critical to managing both krill harvests and the recovery of baleen whales in the Southern Ocean. C1 [Nowacek, Douglas P.; Friedlaender, Ari S.; Halpin, Patrick N.; Hazen, Elliott L.; Johnston, David W.; Read, Andrew J.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Nowacek, Douglas P.; Friedlaender, Ari S.; Halpin, Patrick N.; Hazen, Elliott L.; Johnston, David W.; Read, Andrew J.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Pratt Sch Engn, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Hazen, Elliott L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm NOAA, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA USA. [Hazen, Elliott L.] Univ Hawaii, JIMAR, Pacific Grove, CA USA. [Espinasse, Boris] Univ Mediterrane, CNRS, Ctr Oceanol Marseille, Lab Oceanog Phys & Biogeochim, Marseille, France. [Zhou, Meng; Zhu, Yiwu] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Earth & Ocean Sci, Boston, MA 02125 USA. RP Nowacek, DP (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM dpn3@duke.edu RI Hazen, Elliott/G-4149-2014; OI Hazen, Elliott/0000-0002-0412-7178; Johnston, David/0000-0003-2424-036X FU National Science Foundation [ANT-07-39483, ANT-07-39566] FX This work was funded under a National Science Foundation Collaborative Research award, grant ANT-07-39483 to DPN and ANT-07-39566 to MZ. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 45 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 27 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 4 AR e19173 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0019173 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 756NO UT WOS:000290019400036 PM 21556153 ER PT J AU Van Houtan, KS Halley, JM AF Van Houtan, Kyle S. Halley, John M. TI Long-Term Climate Forcing in Loggerhead Sea Turtle Nesting SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC LEATHERBACK TURTLES; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; OSCILLATION; POPULATION; OCEAN; ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERNS; BYCATCH AB The long-term variability of marine turtle populations remains poorly understood, limiting science and management. Here we use basin-scale climate indices and regional surface temperatures to estimate loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) nesting at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Borrowing from fisheries research, our models investigate how oceanographic processes influence juvenile recruitment and regulate population dynamics. This novel approach finds local populations in the North Pacific and Northwest Atlantic are regionally synchronized and strongly correlated to ocean conditions-such that climate models alone explain up to 88% of the observed changes over the past several decades. In addition to its performance, climate-based modeling also provides mechanistic forecasts of historical and future population changes. Hindcasts in both regions indicate climatic conditions may have been a factor in recent declines, but future forecasts are mixed. Available climatic data suggests the Pacific population will be significantly reduced by 2040, but indicates the Atlantic population may increase substantially. These results do not exonerate anthropogenic impacts, but highlight the significance of bottom-up oceanographic processes to marine organisms. Future studies should consider environmental baselines in assessments of marine turtle population variability and persistence. C1 [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries Serv, Marine Turtle Assessment Program, Honolulu, HI USA. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC USA. [Halley, John M.] Univ Ioannina, Dept Biol Applicat & Technol, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. RP Van Houtan, KS (reprint author), Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries Serv, Marine Turtle Assessment Program, Honolulu, HI USA. EM kyle.vanhoutan@gmail.com OI Van Houtan, Kyle/0000-0001-5725-1773 NR 56 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 32 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 27 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 4 AR e19043 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0019043 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 756NO UT WOS:000290019400023 PM 21589639 ER PT J AU Turner, DD Gero, PJ AF Turner, D. D. Gero, P. J. TI Downwelling 10 mu m radiance temperature climatology for the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains site SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OPERATIONAL RAMAN LIDAR; WATER-VAPOR; MEASUREMENT PROGRAM; CLOUD; INTERFEROMETER; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; PROFILES; AEROSOLS; DESIGN AB Fourteen years of data from the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer were used to determine the distribution of downwelling infrared radiance at 10 mm at the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) site in north central Oklahoma. A neural network classification algorithm was applied to each infrared radiance observation to separate clear-sky from cloudy conditions, with the latter being separated into two broad categories using a simple threshold on the downwelling radiance temperature to separate "thick" from "thin" clouds. This distribution shows a prominent trimodal character. The mode associated with the highest downwelling radiance values is associated with thick low-altitude opaque clouds, whereas the other two modes each contain both clear-sky and thin cloud samples. The distribution of the downwelling radiance in each classification is qualitatively similar for each year in the larger data set. A strong seasonal dependence is seen in the distribution of the radiance in the three classifications, with the clear-sky classification being well correlated with the seasonal distribution of precipitable water vapor. C1 [Turner, D. D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Gero, P. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Turner, D. D.] Univ Wisconsin, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Dept, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Turner, DD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM dave.turner@noaa.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division; DOE [DE-FG02-06ER64167]; NASA [NNX08AP44G] FX The data used in this analysis were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division. This work was supported by DOE grant DE-FG02-06ER64167 as part of the ARM program and NASA grant NNX08AP44G as part of the CLARREO program. We would like to thank our colleagues David Tobin, Hank Revercomb, and Robert Knuteson for their comments on an earlier version of this work. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 27 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D08212 DI 10.1029/2010JD015135 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 757QQ UT WOS:000290103200002 ER PT J AU Freitas, RS Gardner, JS AF Freitas, R. S. Gardner, J. S. TI The magnetic phase diagram of Gd2Sn2O7 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID HEISENBERG PYROCHLORE ANTIFERROMAGNET; FRUSTRATED PYROCHLORES; SPIN ICE; GD2TI2O7; Y2MO2O7; TRANSITION; DISORDER; BEHAVIOR; TB2TI2O7; LIQUID AB Measurements of the magnetic susceptibility of the frustrated pyrochlore magnet Gd2Sn2O7 have been performed at temperatures below T = 5 K and in magnetic fields up to H = 12 T. The phase boundaries determined from these measurements are mapped out in an H-T phase diagram. In this gadolinium compound, where the crystal-field splitting is small and the exchange and dipolar energy are comparable, the Zeeman energy overcomes these competing energies, resulting in at least four magnetic phase transitions below 1 K. These data are compared against those for Gd2Ti2O7 and will, we hope, stimulate further studies. C1 [Freitas, R. S.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05314970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Freitas, RS (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, CP 66318, BR-05314970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM freitas@if.usp.br RI Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Freitas, Rafael/K-1034-2013; OI Freitas, Rafael/0000-0002-0225-6195 FU FAPESP [08/00457-2]; CNPq-Brazil [471188/2008-5]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX RSF acknowledges support from FAPESP (08/00457-2) and CNPq-Brazil (471188/2008-5). JSG acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 28 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD APR 27 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 16 SI SI AR 164215 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/23/16/164215 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 745VM UT WOS:000289198200016 PM 21471618 ER PT J AU Gardner, JS Ehlers, G Fouquet, P Farago, B Stewart, JR AF Gardner, J. S. Ehlers, G. Fouquet, P. Farago, B. Stewart, J. R. TI Slow and static spin correlations in Dy2+xTi2-xO7-delta SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC MONOPOLES; ICE HO2TI2O7; DYNAMICS; Y2MO2O7; PHASE AB The static and dynamic spin correlations in the spin ices Dy2.3Ti1.7O6.85 and Dy2Ti2O7 have been studied in polarized neutron diffraction and neutron spin echo experiments. The measurements reveal that, below 100 mK, the magnetic scattering broadens and shifts to higher vertical bar Q vertical bar upon stuffing the pyrochlore lattice with additional Dy3+ ions. These observations can be related, by means of reverse Monte Carlo simulation, to the modified distribution of near-neighbour distances and an overall more antiferromagnetic character of the near-neighbour couplings. The dynamic measurements show that the spin correlations are slower in the stuffed system. These results will be discussed and compared to the holmium analogues. C1 [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ehlers, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Fouquet, P.; Farago, B.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Stewart, J. R.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Gardner, JS (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. EM jsg@nist.gov; ehlersg@ornl.gov RI Stewart, Ross/C-4194-2008; Fouquet, Peter/B-5212-2008; Farago, Bela/H-4544-2012; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008 OI Stewart, Ross/0000-0003-0053-0178; Fouquet, Peter/0000-0002-5542-0059; Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX We acknowledge the great support of P P Deen and T Fennell while collecting the data on D7. This research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. This work also utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement no. DMR-0944772. The authors are grateful for the local support staff at the NCNR and at the ILL. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD APR 27 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 16 SI SI AR 164220 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/23/16/164220 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 745VM UT WOS:000289198200021 PM 21471620 ER PT J AU Gardner, JS AF Gardner, Jason S. TI Geometrically frustrated magnetism PREFACE SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gardner, Jason S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Gardner, Jason S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gardner, JS (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RI Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD APR 27 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 16 SI SI AR 160301 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/23/16/160301 PG 1 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 745VM UT WOS:000289198200001 ER PT J AU Ghosh, S Zhou, HD Balicas, L Hill, S Gardner, JS Qiu, Y Wiebe, CR AF Ghosh, S. Zhou, H. D. Balicas, L. Hill, S. Gardner, J. S. Qiu, Y. Wiebe, C. R. TI Short range ordering in the modified honeycomb lattice compound SrHo2O4 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article AB The low temperature behaviour of single crystalline SrHo2O4 has been characterized by dc magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, and neutron scattering experiments. Our results show that despite the lack of magnetic long-ranged ordering in the presence of strong antiferromagnetic correlations, SrHo2O4 does not order down to 1.8 K. Elastic neutron scattering experiments show prominent magnetic diffuse scattering correlated with a broad feature in the dc susceptibility at T = 4 K, indicative of magnetic short-ranged ordering of the Ho-3 spins. Inelastic neutron scattering shows the presence of five crystal field levels up to 80 K in energy, in agreement with the integration of the magnetic specific heat component yielding R ln 5 entropy release. The magnetic short-ranged ordering is fitted to a nearest neighbour interaction model with good agreement. C1 [Ghosh, S.; Zhou, H. D.; Balicas, L.; Hill, S.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Ghosh, S.; Zhou, H. D.; Balicas, L.; Hill, S.; Wiebe, C. R.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Gardner, J. S.; Qiu, Y.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Wiebe, C. R.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. RP Ghosh, S (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM ch.wiebe@uwinnipeg.ca RI Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Hill, Stephen/J-5383-2014; Zhou, Haidong/O-4373-2016 OI Hill, Stephen/0000-0001-6742-3620; FU NSF [DMR-0454672, DMR-0084173]; NSERC FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF under Agreement Nos DMR-0454672 and DMR-0084173. A portion of this work was made possible by the NHMFL In-House Research Program, the Schuller Program, the EIEG program, the State of Florida, and the DOE. CRW is grateful for support through the Discovery grant program at NSERC. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD APR 27 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 16 SI SI AR 164203 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/23/16/164203 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 745VM UT WOS:000289198200004 PM 21471622 ER PT J AU Jiang, Y Huq, A Booth, CH Ehlers, G Greedan, JE Gardner, JS AF Jiang, Yu Huq, Ashfia Booth, Corwin H. Ehlers, Georg Greedan, John E. Gardner, Jason S. TI Order and disorder in the local and long-range structure of the spin-glass pyrochlore, Tb2Mo2O7 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ANTI-FERROMAGNET; FINE-STRUCTURE; Y2MO2O7; OXIDES AB To understand the origin of the spin-glass state in molybdate pyrochlores, the structure of Tb2Mo2O7 is investigated using two techniques: the long-range lattice structure was measured using neutron powder diffraction, and local structure information was obtained from the extended x-ray absorption fine structure technique. While the long-range structure appears generally well ordered, enhanced mean-squared site displacements on the O(1) site and the lack of temperature dependence of the strongly anisotropic displacement parameters for both the Mo and O(1) sites indicate some disorder exists. Likewise, the local structure measurements indicate some Mo-Mo and Tb-O(1) nearest-neighbor disorder exists, similar to that found in the related spin-glass pyrochlore, Y2Mo2O7. Although the freezing temperature in Tb2Mo2O7, 25 K, is slightly higher than in Y2Mo2O7, 22 K, the degree of local pair distance disorder is actually less in Tb2Mo2O7. This apparent contradiction is considered in light of the interactions involved in the freezing process. C1 [Jiang, Yu; Booth, Corwin H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Huq, Ashfia; Ehlers, Georg] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Greedan, John E.] McMaster Univ, Dept Chem, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Greedan, John E.] McMaster Univ, Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gardner, Jason S.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Gardner, Jason S.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jiang, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM chbooth@lbl.gov RI Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Booth, Corwin/A-7877-2008; Huq, Ashfia/J-8772-2013; Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008 OI Huq, Ashfia/0000-0002-8445-9649; Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X FU US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US DOE; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX AH acknowledges the assistance of the POWGEN team: Jason Hodges, Olivier Gourdon and Luke Heroux. Research at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US DOE. The NIST Center for Neutron Research is in part funded by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. X-ray absorption data were collected at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD APR 27 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 16 SI SI AR 164214 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/23/16/164214 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 745VM UT WOS:000289198200015 PM 21471616 ER PT J AU Hillger, D Grasso, L Miller, S Brummer, R DeMaria, R AF Hillger, Donald Grasso, Louie Miller, Steven Brummer, Renate DeMaria, Robert TI Synthetic advanced baseline imager true-color imagery SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE GOES-R; advanced baseline imager; true-color; RGB; synthetic-green; simulated imagery ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; GOES-R; ALBEDO; BRDF AB True-color imagery, which is formed via a weighted combination of red, green, and blue (RGB) spectral information, has important operational applications for qualitative environmental characterization, including the detection of smoke plumes, volcanic ash, and other aerosols that are not as easily discerned in conventional visible or infrared imagery, but may be more readily characterized via color properties. Despite its universal popularity, true-color is currently unavailable from geostationary satellites, and the next-generation GOES-R advanced baseline imager (ABI) will fall one band (green; 0.55 mu m) short of doing so. However, approximations exist, and a process for simulating true-color imagery representative of capabilities anticipated from the ABI is presented and assessed here. High-resolution atmospheric model simulations are used to produce the ABI reflective band imagery required for true-color imagery. Those simulations are then rendered at ABI spatial (0.5-km visible) and temporal (5 min) resolution, to provide realistic data, long before the anticipated 2015 launch of GOES-R. An additional analysis, a color-space transformation, is used to assess the true-color (RGB) ABI images. The resulting hue images verify the less-green bias in the synthetic-green band and synthetic-RGB images created on ABI simulated data. Assessing the deficiencies in the RGB process will hopefully lead to an improved and standard means for generating an RGB product from the ABI data stream. Finally, as one of the many product applications of true-color imagery, an example of synthetic true-color imagery with added smoke is presented. The incorporation of aerosol properties into simulated imagery may help reveal the limits of detectability for atmospheric aerosols with future ABI. (C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.3576112] C1 [Hillger, Donald] Colorado State Univ, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res,Reg & Mesoscale Mete, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Grasso, Louie; Miller, Steven; Brummer, Renate; DeMaria, Robert] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hillger, D (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res,Reg & Mesoscale Mete, CIRA 1375, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Don.Hillger@NOAA.gov RI Hillger, Donald/F-5592-2010 OI Hillger, Donald/0000-0001-7297-2640 FU NOAA's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) GOES-R Program Office FX This research was primarily funded by NOAA's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) GOES-R Program Office. We thank C. Schaaf of the MODIS Land Team, for the 16-day albedos that were used as the RAMS model lower boundary. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this article are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD APR 26 PY 2011 VL 5 AR 053520 DI 10.1117/1.3576112 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 764GG UT WOS:000290617000001 ER PT J AU Nikurashin, M Ferrari, R AF Nikurashin, Maxim Ferrari, Raffaele TI Global energy conversion rate from geostrophic flows into internal lee waves in the deep ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-OCEAN; EDDIES AB A global estimate of the energy conversion rate from geostrophic flows into internal lee waves in the ocean is presented. The estimate is based on a linear theory applied to bottom topography at O(1-10) km scales obtained from single beam echo soundings, to bottom stratification estimated from climatology, and to bottom velocity obtained from a global ocean model. The total energy flux into internal lee waves is estimated to be 0.2 TW which is 20% of the global wind power input into the ocean. The geographical distribution of the energy flux is largest in the Southern Ocean which accounts for half of the total energy flux. The results suggest that the generation of internal lee waves at rough topography is a significant energy sink for the geostrophic flows as well as an important energy source for internal waves and the associated turbulent mixing in the deep ocean. Citation: Nikurashin, M., and R. Ferrari (2011), Global energy conversion rate from geostrophic flows into internal lee waves in the deep ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L08610, doi: 10.1029/2011GL046576. C1 [Nikurashin, Maxim] Princeton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Ferrari, Raffaele] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Nikurashin, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM man@alum.mit.edu RI Nikurashin, Maxim/J-3506-2013; Ferrari, Raffaele/C-9337-2013 OI Ferrari, Raffaele/0000-0002-3736-1956 FU NSF [OCE-1024198] FX We would like to thank J. Becker and D. Sandwell for providing their edited single beam echo soundings, and G. Nurser and R. Scott for their useful comments on the steepness parameter definition. This work was supported by NSF through OCE-1024198. NR 19 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 26 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L08610 DI 10.1029/2011GL046576 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 757SO UT WOS:000290108200002 ER PT J AU Hicken, CE Linbo, TL Baldwin, DH Willis, ML Myers, MS Holland, L Larsen, M Stekoll, MS Rice, SD Collier, TK Scholz, NL Incardona, JP AF Hicken, Corinne E. Linbo, Tiffany L. Baldwin, David H. Willis, Maryjean L. Myers, Mark S. Holland, Larry Larsen, Marie Stekoll, Michael S. Rice, Stanley D. Collier, Tracy K. Scholz, Nathaniel L. Incardona, John P. TI Sublethal exposure to crude oil during embryonic development alters cardiac morphology and reduces aerobic capacity in adult fish SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE cardiac toxicity; fish populations; heart development; oil spills ID EXXON-VALDEZ OIL; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; HERRING CLUPEA-PALLASI; LIFE STAGE TOXICITY; RAINBOW-TROUT; CARDIORESPIRATORY PERFORMANCE; HEART VENTRICLE; DATA CONFLICTS AB Exposure to high concentrations of crude oil produces a lethal syndrome of heart failure in fish embryos. Mortality is caused by cardiotoxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ubiquitous components of petroleum. Here, we show that transient embryonic exposure to very low concentrations of oil causes toxicity that is sublethal, delayed, and not counteracted by the protective effects of cytochrome P450 induction. Nearly a year after embryonic oil exposure, adult zebrafish showed subtle changes in heart shape and a significant reduction in swimming performance, indicative of reduced cardiac output. These delayed physiological impacts on cardiovascular performance at later life stages provide a potential mechanism linking reduced individual survival to population-level ecosystem responses of fish species to chronic, low-level oil pollution. C1 [Linbo, Tiffany L.; Baldwin, David H.; Willis, Maryjean L.; Myers, Mark S.; Collier, Tracy K.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.; Incardona, John P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hicken, Corinne E.; Stekoll, Michael S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr, Div Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Holland, Larry; Larsen, Marie; Rice, Stanley D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Auke Bay Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Incardona, JP (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.incardona@noaa.gov RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Oceans and Human Health Initiative; California Department of Fish and Game's Oil Spill Response Trust; Oiled Wildlife Care Network, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis; NOAA Office of Sea [NA 16RG2321, R/97-01]; University of Alaska FX We thank Barbara Block, Mark Carls, Ron Heintz, and two anonymous referees for critical reviews of the manuscript. These studies were funded in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coastal Storms Program and Oceans and Human Health Initiative; a grant from the California Department of Fish and Game's Oil Spill Response Trust Fund administered through the Oiled Wildlife Care Network, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis (to J.I. and N.L.S.); an Alaska Sea Grant with funds from the NOAA Office of Sea Grant under Grant NA 16RG2321 (Project R/97-01); and from the University of Alaska with funds appropriated by the state. NR 39 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 4 U2 84 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 26 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 17 BP 7086 EP 7090 DI 10.1073/pnas.1019031108 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 754WM UT WOS:000289888500076 PM 21482755 ER PT J AU Wang, H Gomez, ED Kim, J Guan, ZL Jaye, C Fischer, DA Kahn, A Loo, YL AF Wang, He Gomez, Enrique D. Kim, Jongbok Guan, Zelei Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Kahn, Antoine Loo, Yueh-Lin TI Device Characteristics of Bulk-Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells are Independent of Interfacial Segregation of Active Layers SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE polymer solar cells; interfacial segregation; delamination; vertical phase separation ID GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; PHASE-SEPARATION; TERPHENYLDITHIOL; ORGANIZATION; LAMINATION; BLENDS; SOFT C1 [Wang, He; Gomez, Enrique D.; Kim, Jongbok; Loo, Yueh-Lin] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Wang, He; Guan, Zelei; Kahn, Antoine] Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Loo, YL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM lloo@princeton.edu RI Loo, Yueh-Lin/C-6607-2011; Guan, Zelei/E-1241-2011; Wang, He/C-3202-2012; Gomez, Enrique/E-5887-2013 FU ONR [N00014-08-1-1175]; SOLAR Initiative [DMR-1035217]; NSF [DMR-0819860]; DOE [DEFG02-04ER46165, DE-S0001084] FX Funding from ONR (N00014-08-1-1175) supported this work. We also acknowledge partial funding from the SOLAR Initiative (DMR-1035217) and MRSEC program (DMR-0819860) at the NSF. A.K also acknowledges support from DOE (DEFG02-04ER46165 and DE-S0001084). NR 21 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD APR 26 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 8 BP 2020 EP 2023 DI 10.1021/cm200320u PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 751AF UT WOS:000289589000006 ER PT J AU Levin, I Tucker, MC Wu, H Provenzano, V Dennis, CL Karimi, S Comyn, T Stevenson, T Smith, RI Reaney, IM AF Levin, I. Tucker, M. C. Wu, H. Provenzano, V. Dennis, C. L. Karimi, S. Comyn, T. Stevenson, T. Smith, R. I. Reaney, I. M. TI Displacive Phase Transitions and Magnetic Structures in Nd-Substituted BiFeO3 SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE perovskites; multiferroics; phase transitions; ferroelectrics; magnetic ordering; bismuth ferrite ID BISMUTH FERRITE; BEHAVIOR AB Neutron powder diffraction was used to determine changes in the nuclear and magnetic structure; of Bi1-xNdx,FeO3 polymorphs involved in the first-order displacive phase transitions from the high-temperature nonpolar phase to the low temperature polar (x <= 0.125) and antipolar (0.125 <= x <= 0.25) phases, respectively. The high-temperature phase (O-1), which crystallizes with a structure similar to the room-temperature form of NdFeO3, exhibits Pbnm symmetry and unit cell root 2a(c) x root 2a(c) x 2a(c) (where a(c) approximate to 4 angstrom is the lattice parameter of an ideal cubic perovskite), determined by a(-) a(-) c(+) octahedral tilting. The low-temperature polar structure (R) is similar to the beta-phase of BiFeO3 and features rhombohedral symmetry determined by a(-)a(-)a(-) octahedral rotations and cation displacements. The recently discovered antipolar phase (O-2) resembles the antiferroelectric Pbam (root 2a(c) x 2 root 2a(c) x 2a(c)) structure of PbZrO3 but with additional displacements that double the PbZrO3 unit cell along the c-axis to root 2a(c) x 2 root 2a(c) x 4a(c) and yield Pbnm symmetry. The O-1 <-> R and O-1 <-> O-2 transitions are both accompanied by a large discontinuous expansion of the lattice volume in the low-temperature structures with a contrasting contraction of the [FeO6] octahedral volume and an abrupt decrease in the magnitude of octahedral rota:ions. The O-1 <-> O-2 transition, which occurs in the magnetic state, is accompanied by an abrupt approximate to 90 degrees reorientation of the magnetic dipoles. This coupling between the nuclear and magnetic structures is manifested in a significant magnetization anomaly. Below 50 K, reverse rotation of magnetic dipoles back to the original orientations in the high-temperature O-1 structure is observed. C1 [Levin, I.; Wu, H.; Provenzano, V.; Dennis, C. L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tucker, M. C.; Smith, R. I.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Karimi, S.; Reaney, I. M.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Engn, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. [Comyn, T.; Stevenson, T.] Univ Leeds, Inst Mat Res, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Levin, I (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010; Tucker, Matt/C-9867-2016; OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Tucker, Matt/0000-0002-2891-7086; Stevenson, Tim/0000-0001-5311-7403 NR 21 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 75 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD APR 26 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 8 BP 2166 EP 2175 DI 10.1021/cm1036925 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 751AF UT WOS:000289589000025 ER PT J AU Nedoma, AJ Lai, P Jackson, A Robertson, ML Wanakule, NS Balsara, NP AF Nedoma, Alisyn J. Lai, Peggy Jackson, Andrew Robertson, Megan L. Wanakule, Nisita S. Balsara, Nitash P. TI Phase Diagrams of Blends of Polyisobutylene and Deuterated Polybutadiene as a Function of Chain Length SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SATURATED-HYDROCARBON POLYMERS; HUGGINS INTERACTION PARAMETER; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DEPENDENCE; THERMODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS; CRITICAL FLUCTUATIONS; POLYOLEFIN BLENDS; LIQUID STRUCTURE; BINARY BLENDS; BEHAVIOR AB Phase diagrams of four binary blends of polyisobutylene (component 1) and deuterated polybutadiene (component 2) were determined using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Our study covers N(1)/N(2) values ranging from 0.23 to 0.92 and N(i) ranging from about 800 to 3600 (N(i) is the number of monomers per chain of component i based on a reference volume = 0.1 nm(3)). The experimentally determined binodal curves were in good agreement with the predictions based on the Flory-Huggins theory using a previously determined composition- and chain-length-dependent Flory-Huggins interaction parameter presented in Nedoma et al. et al. Macromolecules 2008, 41, 5773-5779. The experimentally determined spinodal curves, which were surprisingly close to the experimental binodal curves, deviated significantly from predictions, an observation for which we offer no quantitative explanation. C1 [Nedoma, Alisyn J.; Lai, Peggy; Robertson, Megan L.; Wanakule, Nisita S.; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jackson, Andrew] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jackson, Andrew] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balsara, NP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nbalsara@berkeley.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008; OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336; Nedoma, Alisyn/0000-0002-3537-2846 FU Dow Chemical Company; Tyco Fellowship; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX We acknowledge The Dow Chemical Company for providing the primary support for this work and Dr. T. H. Kalantar for guidance and helpful discussions. A.J.N. was also supported by the Tyco Fellowship. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD APR 26 PY 2011 VL 44 IS 8 BP 3077 EP 3084 DI 10.1021/ma200258w PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 751BT UT WOS:000289593200082 ER PT J AU Gerecht, E Douglass, KO Plusquellic, DF AF Gerecht, Eyal Douglass, Kevin O. Plusquellic, David F. TI Chirped-pulse terahertz spectroscopy for broadband trace gas sensing SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR CONTINUUM; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; THZ; REGION; DATABASE AB We report the first demonstration of a broadband trace gas sensor based on chirp-pulse terahertz spectroscopy. The advent of newly developed solid state sources and sensitive heterodyne detectors for the terahertz frequency range have made it possible to generate and detect precise arbitrary waveforms at THz frequencies with ultra-low phase noise. In order to maximize sensitivity, the sample gas is first polarized using sub-mu s chirped THz pulses and the free inductive decays (FIDs) are then detected using a heterodyne receiver. This approach allows for a rapid broadband multi-component sensing with low parts in 10(9) (ppb) sensitivities and spectral frequency accuracy of <20 kHz in real-time. Such a system can be configured into a portable, easy to use, and relatively inexpensive sensing platform. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Gerecht, Eyal; Douglass, Kevin O.; Plusquellic, David F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gerecht, E (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gerecht@nist.gov; david.plusquellic@nist.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH09AK47I]; National Institute for Standards and Technology FX We wish to thank Tektronix Cooperation for loaning us the AWG instrument used for these measurements. We would also like to thank Dr. Bradley K. Alpert (NIST, Boulder) for fruitful discussions regarding the phase corrections. This project is funded by the Upper Atmospheric Research Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNH09AK47I) and the National Institute for Standards and Technology. NR 16 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 47 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 25 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 9 BP 8973 EP 8984 DI 10.1364/OE.19.008973 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 762NJ UT WOS:000290485900109 PM 21643150 ER PT J AU Wang, YJ D'Incao, JP Esry, BD AF Wang, Yujun D'Incao, J. P. Esry, B. D. TI Ultracold three-body collisions near narrow Feshbach resonances SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID INTERACTING PARTICLES; SCATTERING LENGTHS; ENERGY-LEVELS; BOUND-STATES; ATOMS; RECOMBINATION; UNIVERSALITY; SYSTEM; GASES AB We study ultracold three-body collisions of bosons and fermions when the interatomic interaction is tuned near a narrow Feshbach resonance. We show that the width of the resonance has a substantial impact on the collisional properties of ultracold gases in the strongly interacting regime. From our numerical and analytical analyses, we identify universal features dependent on the resonance width. Remarkably, we find that all inelastic processes near narrow resonances leading to deeply bound states in bosonic systems are suppressed, while those for fermionic systems are enhanced. As a result, narrow resonances present a scenario that is the reverse of that found for broad resonances, opening up the possibility of creating stable samples of ultracold bosonic gases with large scattering lengths. C1 [Wang, Yujun; D'Incao, J. P.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wang, Yujun; Esry, B. D.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [D'Incao, J. P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wang, YJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Wang, Yujun/J-2132-2012; Esry, Brett/H-7511-2013 OI Wang, Yujun/0000-0002-8353-0423; Esry, Brett/0000-0003-3207-8526 FU National Science Foundation [PHY0970114] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation. Y.W. and J.P.D. also acknowledge the support from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY0970114. NR 62 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 25 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 4 AR 042710 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.83.042710 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 757RU UT WOS:000290106200008 ER PT J AU Zavalij, P Bao, W Wang, XF Ying, JJ Chen, XH Wang, DM He, JB Wang, XQ Chen, GF Hsieh, PY Huang, Q Green, MA AF Zavalij, P. Bao, Wei Wang, X. F. Ying, J. J. Chen, X. H. Wang, D. M. He, J. B. Wang, X. Q. Chen, G. F. Hsieh, P. -Y. Huang, Q. Green, M. A. TI Structure of vacancy-ordered single-crystalline superconducting potassium iron selenide SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LAYERED QUATERNARY COMPOUND; LIFEAS; METAL AB With single-crystal x-ray diffraction studies, we compare the structures of three samples showing optimal superconductivity: K0.775(4)Fe1.613(1)Se2, K0.737(6)Fe1.631(3)Se2, and Cs0.748(2)Fe1.626(1)Se2. All have an almost identical ordered vacancy structure with a (root 5 x root 5 x 1) supercell. The tetragonal unit cell, space group I4/m, possesses lattice parameters at 250 K of a = b = 8.729(2) angstrom and c = 14.120(3) angstrom, a = b = 8.7186(12) angstrom and c = 14.0853(19) angstrom, and at 295 K, a = b = 8.8617(16) angstrom and c = 15.304(3) angstrom for the three crystals, respectively. The structure contains two iron sites; one is almost completely empty while the other is fully occupied. There are similarly two alkali metal sites that are occupied in the range of 72.2(2)%-85.3(3)%. The inclusion of alkali metals and the presence of vacancies within the structure allows for considerable relaxation of the FeSe4 tetrahedron, compared with members of the Fe(Te, Se, S) series, and the resulting shift of the Se-Fe-Se bond angles to less distorted geometry could be important in understanding the associated increase in the superconducting transition temperature. The structure of these superconductors are distinguished from the structure of the nonsuperconducting phases by an almost complete absence of Fe on the (0 0.5 0.25) site, as well as lower alkali metal occupancy that ensures an exact Fe2+ oxidation state, which are clearly critical parameters in the promotion of superconductivity. C1 [Zavalij, P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bao, Wei; Wang, D. M.; He, J. B.; Wang, X. Q.; Chen, G. F.] Renmin Univ China, Dept Phys, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. [Wang, X. F.; Ying, J. J.; Chen, X. H.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Wang, X. F.; Ying, J. J.; Chen, X. H.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Phys, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Hsieh, P. -Y.; Green, M. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Huang, Q.; Green, M. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Bao, W (reprint author), Renmin Univ China, Dept Phys, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. EM wbao@ruc.edu.cn; mark.green@nist.gov RI Bao, Wei/E-9988-2011; 石, 源/D-5929-2012; ruc, phy/E-4170-2012; Zavalij, Peter/H-3817-2012; wang, XiaoQun/B-4464-2015; Wang, Xiangfeng/I-2848-2014; wang, xiaoqun/G-8865-2011 OI Bao, Wei/0000-0002-2105-461X; Zavalij, Peter/0000-0001-5762-3469; Wang, Xiangfeng/0000-0001-9845-1659; FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2011CBA00112, 2010CB923000, 2009CB009100, 2007CB925001]; National Science Foundation of China [11034012, 10834013, 10874244, 10974254]; National Science Foundation of China; Ministry of Science and Technology of China; Chinese Academy of Sciences FX Work at RUC was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under Grants No. 2011CBA00112, No. 2010CB923000, No. 2009CB009100, and No. 2007CB925001, and by the National Science Foundation of China under Grants No. 11034012, No. 10834013, No. 10874244, and No. 10974254. Work at CUST was supported by the National Science Foundation of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. NR 41 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 4 U2 60 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 25 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 13 AR 132509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.132509 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 784GC UT WOS:000292143500001 ER PT J AU Gnaupel-Herold, T Creuziger, A AF Gnaeupel-Herold, T. Creuziger, A. TI Diffraction study of the retained austenite content in TRIP steels SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Austenite; Neutron diffraction; Texture; Steels; Deformation ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; QUANTITATIVE PHASE-ANALYSIS; ASSISTED MULTIPHASE STEELS; SITU NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; MARTENSITE AB The results of a study of using neutron diffraction for determining the retained austenite content of TRIP steels are presented. The study covers a wide area of materials, deformation modes (uniaxial, biaxial and plane strain), strains, and the retained austenite content as a result of these variables. It was determined using basic principles of statistics that a minimum of two reflections (hkl) for each phase is necessary to calculate a phase mass fraction and the associated standard deviation. Texture from processing the steel is the largest source of uncertainty. Through the method of complete orientation averaging described in this paper, the texture effect and with it the standard deviation of the austenite mass fraction can be substantially reduced, regardless of the type or severity of the texture. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gnaeupel-Herold, T.] NIST, Ctr Neuron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gnaeupel-Herold, T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Creuziger, A.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Creuziger, A.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Gnaupel-Herold, T (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neuron Res, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tg-h@nist.gov; adam.creuziger@nist.gov OI Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD APR 25 PY 2011 VL 528 IS 10-11 BP 3594 EP 3600 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2011.01.030 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 742VQ UT WOS:000288973800010 ER PT J AU Freidenreich, SM Ramaswamy, V AF Freidenreich, Stuart M. Ramaswamy, V. TI Analysis of the biases in the downward shortwave surface flux in the GFDL CM2.1 general circulation model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE MODELS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; SOLAR-RADIATION; PARAMETERIZATION; ABSORPTION; ATMOSPHERE; CLOUDS; GCMS; ENERGY; ISCCP AB Simulations of downward shortwave surface fluxes by the coupled Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) CM2.1 general circulation model are compared against climatology derived from the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN), Global Energy Balance Archive, and International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project ISCCP-FD data sets. The spatial pattern of the model's biases is evaluated. An investigation is made of how these relate to accompanying biases in total cloud amount and aerosol optical depth and how they affect the surface temperature simulation. Comparing CM2.1's clear-sky fluxes against BSRN site values, for European, Asian, and North American locations, there are underestimates in the direct and overestimates in the diffuse, resulting in underestimates in the total flux. These are related to overestimates of sulfate aerosol optical depth, arising owing to the behavior of the parameterization function for hygroscopic growth of these aerosols at very high relative humidity. Contrastingly, flux overestimate biases at lower latitude locations are associated with underestimates in sea-salt and carbonaceous aerosol amounts. All-sky flux biases consist of underestimates for North America, Eurasia, southern Africa, and northern oceanic regions and overestimates for the Amazon region, equatorial Africa, off the west coast of the Americas, and southern oceanic regions. These biases show strong correlations with cloud amount biases. There are modest correlations of the flux biases with cool surface temperature biases over North America and Eurasia, warm biases over the Amazon region, and cool (warm) biases over the northern (southern) oceanic regions. Analyses assuming nonhygroscopicity illustrate that there is a reduction of surface temperature biases accompanying a reduction of sulfate aerosol optical depth biases, whereas a more significant improvement in the temperature simulation requires refining the model's simulation of cloudiness. C1 [Freidenreich, Stuart M.; Ramaswamy, V.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Freidenreich, SM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Stuart.Freidenreich@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 22 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D08208 DI 10.1029/2010JD014930 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 754KJ UT WOS:000289853200002 ER PT J AU de Koning, CA Gosling, JT Skoug, RM Steinberg, JT Lin, RP Wang, LH AF de Koning, Curt A. Gosling, J. T. Skoug, Ruth M. Steinberg, John T. Lin, Robert P. Wang, Linghua TI Electron distributions during the solar electron burst of 22 March 2002 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WIND SPACECRAFT; ENERGY; PLASMA; EVENTS AB A compilation of various spacecraft measurements made over the last 30 years suggests that the pitch angle distribution ( PAD) width of a solar electron burst may have a complex energy signature. To date, no study has considered the PAD width over a broad energy range during a single solar electron burst. Here we use Wind 3DP data to examine the energy dependence of the PAD width between 100 eV to 100 keV during the solar electron burst of 22 March 2002. We find that the PAD width during this event varied nonmonotonically with energy, with a minimum in the width-energy profiles often being observed between 10 and 20 keV. In addition, we find time periods during and after the burst when the PAD width-energy profile had a distinct maximum or protuberance below 10 keV. The times at which the protuberance appeared were coincident with Type III radio events. This suggests that the protuberance in the width-energy profiles may be a manifestation of electron scattering by the electron/electron instability, as previously predicted by simulations. C1 [de Koning, Curt A.] NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gosling, J. T.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Skoug, Ruth M.; Steinberg, John T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lin, Robert P.; Wang, Linghua] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP de Koning, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Mail Code W NP9,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM curt.a.dekoning@noaa.gov RI Wang, Linghua/C-4938-2014 OI Wang, Linghua/0000-0001-7309-4325 FU NSF SHINE [ATM-0852216]; NASA [NNG05G355G] FX We thank Peter Gary for insightful and helpful discussions. Work at NOAA/SWPC was supported by NSF SHINE grant ATM-0852216. Work at the University of Colorado at Boulder was supported by NASA SR&T grant NNG05G355G. Work at Los Alamos was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy with support from NASA's ACE program. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 22 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A04110 DI 10.1029/2010JA015863 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 754LG UT WOS:000289855500001 ER PT J AU Vila, FD Jach, T Elam, WT Rehr, JJ Denlinger, JD AF Vila, Fernando D. Jach, Terrence Elam, W. T. Rehr, John J. Denlinger, J. D. TI X-ray Emission Spectroscopy of Nitrogen-Rich Compounds SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DENSITY; ABSORPTION; SPECTRA; APPROXIMATION; DECOMPOSITION; NUCLEOBASES; MICROSCOPY; SCATTERING; RESOLUTION AB Nonresonant X-ray emission spectroscopy was used to compare the nitrogen-rich compounds ammonium nitrate, trinitrotoluene, and cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine. They are representative of crystalline and molecular structures of special importance in industrial and military applications. The spectral signature of each substance was analyzed and correlated with features in the electronic structure of the systems. This analysis Was accomplished by means of theoretical simulations of the emission spectra and a detailed examination of the molecular orbitals and densities of states. We find that the two theoretical methods used (frozen-orbital density functional theory and real-space Green's function simulations), account semiquantitatively for the observed spectra and are able to predict features arising from distinct chemical complexes. A comparison of the calculations and the data provides inight into the electronic contributions of specific molecular orbitals, as well as the features due to bandlike behavior. With some additional refinements, these methods could be used as an alternative to reference compounds. C1 [Vila, Fernando D.; Rehr, John J.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jach, Terrence] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Elam, W. T.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Denlinger, J. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vila, FD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-05-1-0843]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-97ER45623]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under grant N00014-05-1-0843 (W.T.E. and F.D.V.) and in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences grant DE-FG02-97ER45623 (J.J.R). The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 21 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 15 BP 3243 EP 3250 DI 10.1021/jp108539v PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 748PN UT WOS:000289403000008 PM 21452848 ER PT J AU Baumer, F Munchow, F Gorlitz, A Maxwell, SE Julienne, PS Tiesinga, E AF Baumer, F. Muenchow, F. Goerlitz, A. Maxwell, S. E. Julienne, P. S. Tiesinga, E. TI Spatial separation in a thermal mixture of ultracold Yb-174 and Rb-87 atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FESHBACH RESONANCES; CESIUM ATOMS; COLLISIONS; RECOMBINATION AB We report on the observation of unusually strong interactions in a thermal mixture of ultracold atoms which cause a significant modification of the spatial distribution. A mixture of Rb-87 and Yb-174 with a temperature of a few mu K is prepared in a hybrid trap consisting of a bichromatic optical potential superimposed on a magnetic trap. For suitable trap parameters and temperatures, a spatial separation of the two species is observed. We infer that the separation is driven by a large interaction strength between Yb-174 and Rb-87 accompanied by a large three-body recombination rate. Based on this assumption we have developed a diffusion model which reproduces our observations. C1 [Baumer, F.; Muenchow, F.; Goerlitz, A.] Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Expt Phys, DE-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. [Maxwell, S. E.; Julienne, P. S.; Tiesinga, E.] Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Maxwell, S. E.; Julienne, P. S.; Tiesinga, E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Baumer, F (reprint author), Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Expt Phys, Univ Str 1, DE-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. EM axel.goerlitz@uni-duesseldorf.de RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU DFG [SPP 1116]; Stiftung der Deutschen Wirtschaft FX The project is supported from DFG under SPP 1116. F.B. was supported by the Stiftung der Deutschen Wirtschaft. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 21 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 4 AR 040702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.83.040702 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 757RL UT WOS:000290105300002 ER PT J AU Kennedy, AB Gravois, U Zachry, BC Westerink, JJ Hope, ME Dietrich, JC Powell, MD Cox, AT Luettich, RA Dean, RG AF Kennedy, Andrew B. Gravois, Uriah Zachry, Brian C. Westerink, Joannes J. Hope, Mark E. Dietrich, J. Casey Powell, Mark D. Cox, Andrew T. Luettich, Richard A., Jr. Dean, Robert G. TI Origin of the Hurricane Ike forerunner surge SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STORM-SURGE; WAVES AB A large, unpredicted, water level increase appeared along a substantial section of the western Louisiana and northern Texas (LATEX) coasts 12-24 hrs in advance of the landfall of Hurricane Ike (2008), with water levels in some areas reaching 3 m above mean sea level. During this time the cyclonic wind field was largely shore parallel throughout the region. A similar early water level rise was reported for both the 1900 and the 1915 Galveston Hurricanes. The Ike forerunner anomaly occurred over a much larger area and prior to the primary coastal surge which was driven by onshore directed winds to the right of the storm track. We diagnose the forerunner surge as being generated by Ekman setup on the wide and shallow LATEX shelf. The longer forerunner time scale additionally served to increase water levels significantly in narrow-entranced coastal bays. The forerunner surge generated a freely propagating continental shelf wave with greater than 1.4 m peak elevation that travelled coherently along the coast to Southern Texas, and was 300 km in advance of the storm track at the time of landfall. This was, at some locations, the largest water level increase seen throughout the storm, and appears to be the largest freely-propagating shelf wave ever reported. Ekman setup-driven forerunners will be most significant on wide, shallow shelves subject to large wind fields, and need to be considered for planning and forecasting in these cases. Citation: Kennedy, A. B., U. Gravois, B. C. Zachry, J. J. Westerink, M. E. Hope, J. C. Dietrich, M. D. Powell, A. T. Cox, R. A. Luettich Jr., and R. G. Dean (2011), Origin of the Hurricane Ike forerunner surge, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L08608, doi: 10.1029/2011GL047090. C1 [Kennedy, Andrew B.; Westerink, Joannes J.; Hope, Mark E.; Dietrich, J. Casey] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Gravois, Uriah; Dean, Robert G.] Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Zachry, Brian C.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Wind Sci & Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Powell, Mark D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Cox, Andrew T.] Oceanweather Inc, Cos Cob, CT 06807 USA. [Luettich, Richard A., Jr.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. RP Kennedy, AB (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM andrew.kennedy@nd.edu RI Dietrich, Joel/E-5161-2011; Kennedy, Andrew/E-4746-2011; Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013 OI Dietrich, Joel/0000-0001-5294-2874; Kennedy, Andrew/0000-0002-7254-1346; Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945 FU NSF [0902264, 0746232]; Florida Bureau of Beaches and Coastal Systems; USGS Center for Coastal Geology; US Army Corps of Engineers; Florida Sea grant [R/C-S-46] FX This research was funded by NSF grants 0902264 and 0746232, Florida Sea grant R/C-S-46, the Florida Bureau of Beaches and Coastal Systems, the USGS Center for Coastal Geology, and the US Army Corps of Engineers. NR 23 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 21 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L08608 DI 10.1029/2011GL047090 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 754LA UT WOS:000289854900006 ER PT J AU Rabinovich, A Stroker, K Thomson, R Davis, E AF Rabinovich, Alexander Stroker, Kelly Thomson, Richard Davis, Earl TI DARTs and CORK in Cascadia Basin: High-resolution observations of the 2004 Sumatra tsunami in the northeast Pacific SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INDIAN-OCEAN; DECEMBER; WAVES; FLOOR AB We report unique deep-sea recordings of the Sumatra tsunami of December 2004 by high-resolution DART (R) (Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami) and CORK (Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kit) bottom pressure sensors deployed at depths of similar to 1500-3500 m in Cascadia Basin in the northeast Pacific. The simultaneous records from these sites establish the first-ever regional-scale tsunami detection array for the open ocean, enabling us to resolve both seafloor and crustal tsunami signals and to determine fundamental properties of the waves following their 22,000 km journey from the source region. Waves reaching the basin had mean amplitudes of similar to 5 mm with energy spread over a broad frequency band from 0.4 to 7 cph. Peak tsunami energy was in the 0.8 to 2 cph (75 to 30 min) band. Leading waves from the event arrived 34-35 h after the earthquake, roughly 7 h later than expected, suggesting that the tsunami mainly propagated by the "most economic" (minimum energy loss) path along mid-ocean ridge wave-guides rather than taking the direct and fastest path across the ocean. Motions within the peak energy band comprise roughly 50% coherent progressive waves propagating from the south at longwave phase speeds of similar to 150 ms(-1) and 50% random waves scattered from the coast and bottom irregularities. Tsunami amplitudes in the borehole were one-third those on the seafloor. The extensive "ringing" and anomalously slow (3.5-day) e-folding decay time of the tsunami wave energy indicates long duration energy flux radiating from the Indian Ocean via the Southern Pacific Ocean. Citation: Rabinovich, A., K. Stroker, R. Thomson, and E. Davis (2011), DARTs and CORK in Cascadia Basin: High-resolution observations of the 2004 Sumatra tsunami in the northeast Pacific, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L08607, doi: 10.1029/2011GL047026. C1 [Rabinovich, Alexander; Thomson, Richard] Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Rabinovich, Alexander] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Stroker, Kelly] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Davis, Earl] Geol Survey Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. RP Rabinovich, A (reprint author), Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, 9860 W Saanich Rd, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. EM alexander.rabinovich@dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 21 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L08607 DI 10.1029/2011GL047026 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 754LA UT WOS:000289854900004 ER PT J AU Sharp-Williams, EN Roberts, MA Nesbitt, DJ AF Sharp-Williams, Erin N. Roberts, Melanie A. Nesbitt, David J. TI High resolution slit-jet infrared spectroscopy of ethynyl radical: (2)Pi-(2)Sigma(+) vibronic bands with sub-Doppler resolution (vol 134, 064314, 2011) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 21 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 15 AR 159901 DI 10.1063/1.3570814 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 754FM UT WOS:000289840200053 ER PT J AU Spielman, IB AF Spielman, Ian B. TI ATOMIC PHYSICS A route to quantum magnetism SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Spielman, Ian B.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Spielman, Ian B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Spielman, IB (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ian.spielman@nist.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 21 PY 2011 VL 472 IS 7343 BP 301 EP 302 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 752VW UT WOS:000289724600027 PM 21490596 ER PT J AU Sau, JD Sensarma, R Powell, S Spielman, IB Das Sarma, S AF Sau, Jay D. Sensarma, Rajdeep Powell, Stephen Spielman, I. B. Das Sarma, S. TI Chiral Rashba spin textures in ultracold Fermi gases SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM COMPUTATION; ANYONS AB Spin-orbit (SO) coupling is an important ingredient in many recently discovered phenomena such as the spin-Hall effect and topological insulators. Of particular interest is topological superconductivity, with its potential application in topological quantum computation. The absence of disorder in ultracold atomic systems makes them ideal for quantum computation applications; however, the SO coupling schemes proposed thus far are experimentally impractical owing to large spontaneous emission rates in the alkali fermions. In this paper, we develop a scheme to generate Rashba SO coupling with a low spontaneous emission extension to a recent experiment. We show that this scheme generates a Fermi surface spin texture for 40K atoms, which is observable in time-of-flight measurements. The chiral spin texture, together with conventional s-wave interactions, leads to topological superconductivity and non-Abelian Majorana quasiparticles. C1 [Sau, Jay D.; Sensarma, Rajdeep; Powell, Stephen; Spielman, I. B.; Das Sarma, S.] Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sau, Jay D.; Sensarma, Rajdeep; Powell, Stephen; Spielman, I. B.; Das Sarma, S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Powell, Stephen; Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sau, JD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Powell, Stephen/A-9735-2012; Das Sarma, Sankar/B-2400-2009 OI Powell, Stephen/0000-0002-4515-7859; Das Sarma, Sankar/0000-0002-0439-986X FU DARPA-QuEST; JQI-NSF-PFC; LPS-NSA; ARO's atomtronics MURI FX This work was supported by DARPA-QuEST, JQI-NSF-PFC, LPS-NSA, and ARO's atomtronics MURI. NR 30 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 21 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 14 AR 140510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.140510 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 784HH UT WOS:000292147000002 ER PT J AU Kundu, S Bhangale, AS Wallace, WE Flynn, KM Guttman, CM Gross, RA Beers, KL AF Kundu, Santanu Bhangale, Atul S. Wallace, William E. Flynn, Kathleen M. Guttman, Charles M. Gross, Richard A. Beers, Kathryn L. TI Continuous Flow Enzyme-Catalyzed Polymerization in a Microreactor SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION; EPSILON-CAPROLACTONE; POLYESTERS; REACTORS; KINETICS; MECHANISM; LACTONES AB Enzymes immobilized on solid supports are increasingly used for greener, more sustainable chemical transformation processes. Here, we used microreactors to study enzyme-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of E-caprolactone to polycaprolactone. A novel microreactor design enabled us to perform these heterogeneous reactions in continuous mode, in organic media, and at elevated temperatures. Using microreactors, we achieved faster polymerization and higher molecular mass compared to using batch reactors. While this study focused on polymerization reactions, it is evident that similar microreactor based platforms can readily be extended to other enzyme-based systems, for example, high-throughput screening of new enzymes and to precision measurements of new processes where continuous flow mode is preferred. This is the first reported demonstration of a solid supported enzyme-catalyzed polymerization reaction in continuous mode. C1 [Bhangale, Atul S.; Gross, Richard A.] NYU, Polytech Inst, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Kundu, Santanu; Wallace, William E.; Flynn, Kathleen M.; Guttman, Charles M.; Beers, Kathryn L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gross, RA (reprint author), NYU, Polytech Inst, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM rgross@poly.edu; beers@nist.gov RI Kundu, Santanu/B-6842-2008 FU NSF center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing at NYU-POLY FX A.S.B. and R.A.G. would like to acknowledge the NSF center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing at NYU-POLY for its financial support. NR 29 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 8 U2 100 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 20 PY 2011 VL 133 IS 15 BP 6006 EP 6011 DI 10.1021/ja111346c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 760XP UT WOS:000290358200073 PM 21438577 ER PT J AU Hu, AZ Freericks, JK Maska, MM Williams, CJ AF Hu, Anzi Freericks, J. K. Maska, M. M. Williams, C. J. TI Efficiency for preforming molecules from mixtures of light Fermi and heavy Bose atoms in optical lattices: The strong-coupling-expansion method SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID POLAR-MOLECULES; GASES; MODEL AB We discuss the application of a strong-coupling expansion (perturbation theory in the hopping) for studying light-Fermi-heavy-Bose (like (40)K-(87)Rb) mixtures in optical lattices. We use the strong-coupling method to evaluate the efficiency for preforming molecules, the entropy per particle, and the thermal fluctuations. We show that within the strong interaction regime (and at high temperature), the strong-coupling expansion is an economical way to study this problem. In some cases, it remains valid even down to low temperatures. Because the computational effort is minimal, the strong-coupling approach allows us to work with much larger system sizes, where boundary effects can be eliminated, which is particularly important at higher temperatures. Since the strong-coupling approach is so efficient and accurate, it allows one to rapidly scan through parameter space in order to optimize the preforming of molecules on a lattice (by choosing the lattice depth and interspecies attraction). Based on the strong-coupling calculations, we test the thermometry scheme based on the fluctuation-dissipation theorem and find the scheme gives accurate temperature estimation even at very low temperature. We believe this approach and the calculation results will be useful in the design of the next generation of experiments and will hopefully lead to the ability to form dipolar matter in the quantum degenerate regime. C1 [Hu, Anzi; Williams, C. J.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hu, Anzi; Williams, C. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Freericks, J. K.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Maska, M. M.] Univ Silesia, Inst Phys, Dept Theoret Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RP Hu, AZ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Freericks, James/D-7502-2011; Maska, Maciej/C-5810-2008; Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; OI Maska, Maciej/0000-0003-2214-3283; Freericks, James/0000-0002-6232-9165 FU AFOSR [FA9559-09-1-0617]; Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland) [NN 202 128 736]; McDevitt endowment fund FX J.K.F. was supported by a MURI grant from the AFOSR (Grant No. FA9559-09-1-0617) and by the McDevitt endowment fund. Supercomputer time was provided by the DOD HPCMP at the ARSC and ERDC computing centers. M.M.M. acknowledges Grant No. NN 202 128 736 from Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland). NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 20 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 4 AR 043617 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.83.043617 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 757RD UT WOS:000290104500005 ER PT J AU Hoeke, R Storlazzi, C Ridd, P AF Hoeke, Ron Storlazzi, Curt Ridd, Peter TI Hydrodynamics of a bathymetrically complex fringing coral reef embayment: Wave climate, in situ observations, and wave prediction SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; HANALEI BAY; COASTAL REGIONS; SEA-LEVEL; MODELS; CIRCULATION; SEDIMENT; DRIVEN; LAGOON; KAUAI AB This paper examines the relationship between offshore wave climate and nearshore waves and currents at Hanalei Bay, Hawaii, an exposed bay fringed with coral reefs. Analysis of both offshore in situ data and numerical hindcasts identify the predominance of two wave conditions: a mode associated with local trade winds and an episodic pattern associated with distant source long-period swells. Analysis of 10 months of in situ data within the bay show that current velocities are up to an order of magnitude greater during long-period swell episodes than during trade wind conditions; overall circulation patterns are also fundamentally different. The current velocities are highly correlated with incident wave heights during the swell episodes, while they are not during the modal trade wind conditions. A phase-averaged wave model was implemented with the dual purpose of evaluating application to bathymetrically complex fringing reefs and to examine the propagation of waves into the nearshore in an effort to better explain the large difference in observed circulation during the two offshore wave conditions. The prediction quality of this model was poorer for the episodic condition than for the lower-energy mode, however, it illustrated how longer-period swells are preferentially refracted into the bay and make available far more nearshore wave energy to drive currents compared to waves during modal conditions. The highly episodic circulation, the nature of which is dependent on complex refraction patterns of episodic, long-period swell has implications for flushing and sediment dynamics for incised fringing reef-lined bays that characterize many high islands at low latitudes around the world. C1 [Hoeke, Ron] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Hoeke, Ron; Ridd, Peter] James Cook Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Storlazzi, Curt] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hoeke, Ron] NOAA Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Hoeke, R (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1125B Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM hoeke@hawaii.edu RI Hoeke, Ron/F-4085-2014; Ridd, Peter/M-5871-2014; TropWATER, Research ID/P-1401-2014; OI Hoeke, Ron/0000-0003-0576-9436; Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490 FU U.S. Geological Survey; NOAA; Australia Institute of Marine Science AIMS at JCU FX Many thanks to Kathy Presto (USGS) for help with both field work and analyzing/interpreting much of the in situ data and to Josh Logan (USGS) and Molly Timmers (NOAA/UH) for assisting in field work. Russell Price (NOAA) kindly assisted with optimizing SWAN source code and assisting the computation effort; thanks go to John Rooney (NOAA/UH) and Jonathon Weiss (NOAA/UH) for collecting multibeam bathymetry to supplement existing lidar and multibeam and aggregating the data. Many thanks also to Matt Rosener (Hanalei Watershed Hui) and Carl Berg (formerly Hanalei Watershed Hui) for field support and local knowledge. Thanks to Kevin Wong (NOAA) for support and discussions on content. The constructive comments of Edwin Elias (USGS) on early versions of this manuscript and guidance on numerical modeling issues are greatly appreciated. Mike Field (USGS), Li Erikson (USGS), Rusty Brainard (NOAA), and Peter Vroom (NOAA/UH) all provided reviews and constructive comments on this manuscript. Amanda Toperoff (NOAA/UH) provided excellent assistance in the preparation of figures. This work was jointly supported by U.S. Geological Survey's Coral Reef Project, NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program, and the Australia Institute of Marine Science AIMS at JCU program. NR 58 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 20 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C04018 DI 10.1029/2010JC006170 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 754JQ UT WOS:000289851300001 ER PT J AU Roegner, GC Needoba, JA Baptista, AM AF Roegner, G. Curtis Needoba, Joseph A. Baptista, Antonio M. TI Coastal Upwelling Supplies Oxygen-Depleted Water to the Columbia River Estuary SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; PASSIVE INTEGRATED TRANSPONDERS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; LOW DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; CANCER-MAGISTER; DUNGENESS CRAB; AVIAN PREDATION; COLD HALOCLINE; WILLAPA BAY AB Low dissolved oxygen (DO) is a common feature of many estuarine and shallow-water environments, and is often attributed to anthropogenic nutrient enrichment from terrestrial-fluvial pathways. However, recent events in the U. S. Pacific Northwest have highlighted that wind-forced upwelling can cause naturally occurring low DO water to move onto the continental shelf, leading to mortalities of benthic fish and invertebrates. Coastal estuaries in the Pacific Northwest are strongly linked to ocean forcings, and here we report observations on the spatial and temporal patterns of oxygen concentration in the Columbia River estuary. Hydrographic measurements were made from transect (spatial survey) or anchor station (temporal survey) deployments over a variety of wind stresses and tidal states during the upwelling seasons of 2006 through 2008. During this period, biologically stressful levels of dissolved oxygen were observed to enter the Columbia River estuary from oceanic sources, with minimum values close to the hypoxic threshold of 2.0 mg L-1. Riverine water was consistently normoxic. Upwelling wind stress controlled the timing and magnitude of low DO events, while tidal-modulated estuarine circulation patterns influenced the spatial extent and duration of exposure to low DO water. Strong upwelling during neap tides produced the largest impact on the estuary. The observed oxygen concentrations likely had deleterious behavioral and physiological consequences for migrating juvenile salmon and benthic crabs. Based on a wind-forced supply mechanism, low DO events are probably common to the Columbia River and other regional estuaries and if conditions on the shelf deteriorate further, as observations and models predict, Pacific Northwest estuarine habitats could experience a decrease in environmental quality. C1 [Roegner, G. Curtis] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Point Adams Res Stn, Hammond, OR USA. [Needoba, Joseph A.; Baptista, Antonio M.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Sci & Technol Ctr Coastal Margin Observat & Predi, Beaverton, OR USA. RP Roegner, GC (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Point Adams Res Stn, Hammond, OR USA. EM curtis.roegner@noaa.gov OI Baptista, Antonio/0000-0002-7641-5937 FU Bonneville Power Association; National Science Foundation through the Science and Technology Center for Coastal Margin Observation and Prediction [OCE-0424602] FX Funding was provided by the Bonneville Power Association (GCR) and the National Science Foundation (JN and AMB) through the Science and Technology Center for Coastal Margin Observation and Prediction (OCE-0424602). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 78 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 20 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 4 AR e18672 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0018672 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 752UE UT WOS:000289719400018 PM 21533083 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, Y Luckenbach, JA Middleton, MA Swanson, P AF Yamamoto, Yoji Luckenbach, J. Adam Middleton, Mollie A. Swanson, Penny TI The spatiotemporal expression of multiple coho salmon ovarian connexin genes and their hormonal regulation in vitro during oogenesis SO REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OOCYTE MATURATIONAL COMPETENCE; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; AYU PLECOGLOSSUS-ALTIVELIS; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; GAP-JUNCTION COMMUNICATION; ATLANTIC CROAKER; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; RED SEABREAM; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH AB Background: Throughout oogenesis, cell-cell communication via gap junctions (GJs) between oocytes and surrounding follicle cells (theca and granulosa cells), and/ or amongst follicle cells is required for successful follicular development. To gain a fundamental understanding of ovarian GJs in teleosts, gene transcripts encoding GJ proteins, connexins (cx), were identified in the coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, ovary. The spatiotemporal expression of four ovarian cx transcripts was assessed, as well as their potential regulation by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1). Methods: Salmonid ovarian transcriptomes were mined for cx genes. Four gene transcripts designated cx30.9, cx34.3, cx43.2, and cx44.9 were identified. Changes in gene expression across major stages of oogenesis were determined with real-time, quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) and cx transcripts were localized to specific ovary cell-types by in situ hybridization. Further, salmon ovarian follicles were cultured with various concentrations of FSH, LH and IGF1 and effects of each hormone on cx gene expression were determined by qPCR. Results: Transcripts for cx30.9 and cx44.9 were highly expressed at the perinucleolus (PN)-stage and decreased thereafter. In contrast, transcripts for cx34.3 and cx43.2 were low at the PN-stage and increased during later stages of oogenesis, peaking at the mid vitellogenic (VIT)-stage and maturing (MAT)-stage, respectively. In situ hybridization revealed that transcripts for cx34.3 were only detected in granulosa cells, but other cx transcripts were detected in both oocytes and follicle cells. Transcripts for cx30.9 and cx44.9 were down-regulated by FSH and IGF1 at the lipid droplet (LD)-stage, whereas transcripts for cx34.3 were up-regulated by FSH and IGF1 at the LD-stage, and LH and IGF1 at the late VIT-stage. Transcripts for cx43.2 were down-regulated by IGF1 at the late VIT-stage and showed no response to gonadotropins. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the presence and hormonal regulation of four different cx transcripts in the salmon ovary. Differences in the spatiotemporal expression profile and hormonal regulation of these cx transcripts likely relate to their different roles during ovarian follicle differentiation and development. C1 [Yamamoto, Yoji; Middleton, Mollie A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Yamamoto, Yoji; Luckenbach, J. Adam; Middleton, Mollie A.; Swanson, Penny] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Yamamoto, Y (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM yojifish@u.washington.edu RI Yamamoto, Yoji/O-1958-2014 FU NOAA Fisheries; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2007-35203-18088] FX We thank J.T. Dickey (University of Washington) for his assistance with this work. This research was funded partially by NOAA Fisheries and by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2007-35203-18088 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 23 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1477-7827 J9 REPROD BIOL ENDOCRIN JI Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. PD APR 19 PY 2011 VL 9 AR 52 DI 10.1186/1477-7827-9-52 PG 16 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Reproductive Biology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Reproductive Biology GA 762AS UT WOS:000290445300001 PM 21501524 ER PT J AU Vogel, RL Liu, QH Han, Y Weng, FZ AF Vogel, Ronald L. Liu, Quanhua Han, Yong Weng, Fuzhong TI Evaluating a satellite-derived global infrared land surface emissivity data set for use in radiative transfer modeling SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; ALGORITHMS; CLIMATE; WINDOW AB Radiative transfer models rely on accurate atmospheric and surface conditions for simulating top-of-atmosphere satellite radiance. Over land surfaces, emissivity is especially important for simulating surface-sensitive channels, owing to its spatial and temporal variability. In this study, the University of Wisconsin Global Infrared Land Surface Emissivity Database (UWIREMIS) has been evaluated in the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM). Radiative transfer simulations of top-of-atmosphere Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) brightness temperature have been compared to actual SEVIRI brightness temperature observations for 30 May 2010 at 0000 UTC, using both the UWIREMIS and the current internal CRTM emissivity data sets as surface input to CRTM. When using UWIREMIS, a brightness temperature bias of -0.85 K for the SEVIRI 8.7 mu m channel is due in part to excellent characterization of the emissivity spectrum for bare ground surfaces in this spectral region, compared to a bias of -2.55 K when using the existing CRTM emissivity. Additionally, UWIREMIS has been compared to the North American ASTER Land Surface Emissivity Database (NAALSED), a validated land surface emissivity data set, and low emissivity biases of 0.004 (summer) and 0.007 (winter) indicate UWIREMIS accuracy for the NAALSED spatial domain and the spectral region of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) channels. With its high spectral and high spatial resolution, UWIREMIS is well suited for providing the infrared surface emissivity contribution to radiative transfer models. Additional work will be needed to assess UWIREMIS for more spectral regions, surface types, and time periods. C1 [Han, Yong; Weng, Fuzhong] NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Liu, Quanhua] Perot Syst Govt Serv, Fairfax, VA USA. [Vogel, Ronald L.] SM Resources Corp, Lanham, MD USA. RP Vogel, RL (reprint author), NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Ronald.Vogel@noaa.gov RI Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation FX The authors thank Yunyue Yu, Eva Borbas, Ben Ruston, Andrew Collard, Weizhong Zheng, and Paul van Delst for helpful discussions. We thank the following organizations for making the UWIREMIS, NAALSED, and SEVIRI data available, respectively: University of Wisconsin Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and EUMETSAT. This work was supported by the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 19 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D08105 DI 10.1029/2010JD014679 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 754KE UT WOS:000289852700004 ER PT J AU Brezinova, I Collins, LA Ludwig, K Schneider, BI Burgdorfer, J AF Brezinova, Iva Collins, Lee A. Ludwig, Katharina Schneider, Barry I. Burgdoerfer, Joachim TI Wave chaos in the nonequilibrium dynamics of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; ANDERSON LOCALIZATION; GASES; SCHEMES AB The Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) plays an important role in the description of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) at the mean-field level. The GPE belongs to the class of nonlinear Schrodinger equations which are known to feature dynamical instability and collapse for attractive nonlinear interactions. We show that the GPE with repulsive nonlinear interactions typical for BECs features chaotic wave dynamics. We find positive Lyapunov exponents for BECs expanding in periodic and aperiodic smooth external potentials, as well as disorder potentials. Our analysis demonstrates that wave chaos characterized by the exponential divergence of nearby initial wave functions is to be distinguished from the notion of nonintegrability of nonlinear wave equations. We discuss the implications of these observations for the limits of applicability of the GPE, the problem of Anderson localization, and the properties of the underlying many-body dynamics. C1 [Brezinova, Iva; Ludwig, Katharina; Burgdoerfer, Joachim] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Collins, Lee A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Schneider, Barry I.] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Phys, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Schneider, Barry I.] NIST, Electron & Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brezinova, I (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, Wiedner Hauptstr 8-10-136, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. EM iva.brezinova@tuwien.ac.at FU FWF program; National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; [FWF-SFB 041] FX We thank Julien Armijo, Denis Basko, Philippe Bouyer, Moritz Hiller, Ansgar Jungel, Daniel Matthes, and Markus Oberthaler for helpful discussions and hints on literature. We further thank Dan Horner, Florian Libisch, Stefan Nagele, Renate Pazourek, and especially Johannes Feist for providing valuable input on the numerical part of this work. This work was supported by the FWF program "CoQuS" and by FWF-SFB 041 "ViCoM." Calculations have been performed on the Vienna Scientific Cluster and under Institutional Computing at Los Alamos National Laboratory on the Coyote and Lobo platforms. The Los Alamos Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 60 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 18 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 4 AR 043611 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.83.043611 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 757QM UT WOS:000290102800011 ER PT J AU Puchalski, M Jentschura, UD Mohr, PJ AF Puchalski, M. Jentschura, U. D. Mohr, P. J. TI Blackbody-radiation correction to the polarizability of helium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HYPERPOLARIZABILITIES; TEMPERATURE; ATOMS AB The correction to the polarizability of helium due to blackbody radiation is calculated near room temperature. A precise theoretical determination of the blackbody radiation correction to the polarizability of helium is essential for dielectric gas thermometry and for the determination of the Boltzmann constant. We find that the correction, for not too high temperature, is roughly proportional to a modified hyperpolarizability (two-color hyperpolarizability), which is different from the ordinary hyperpolarizability of helium. Our explicit calculations provide a definite numerical result for the effect and indicate that the effect of blackbody radiation can be excluded as a limiting factor for dielectric gas thermometry using helium or argon. C1 [Puchalski, M.; Jentschura, U. D.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Puchalski, M.] Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Fac Chem, PL-60780 Poznan, Poland. [Mohr, P. J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Puchalski, M (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. FU National Science Foundation; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The authors thank J. W. Schmidt and M. R. Moldover for helpful discussions. This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation and by a precision measurement grant from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 18 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 4 AR 042508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.83.042508 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 757QM UT WOS:000290102800006 ER EF