FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Rinaldi, M Decesari, S Carbone, C Finessi, E Fuzzi, S Ceburnis, D O'Dowd, CD Sciare, J Burrows, JP Vrekoussis, M Ervens, B Tsigaridis, K Facchini, MC AF Rinaldi, Matteo Decesari, Stefano Carbone, Claudio Finessi, Emanuela Fuzzi, Sandro Ceburnis, Darius O'Dowd, Colin D. Sciare, Jean Burrows, John P. Vrekoussis, Mihalis Ervens, Barbara Tsigaridis, Kostas Facchini, Maria Cristina TI Evidence of a natural marine source of oxalic acid and a possible link to glyoxal SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; SOLUBLE DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; AIR-SEA EXCHANGE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; AQUEOUS PHOTOOXIDATION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; BOUNDARY-LAYER AB This paper presents results supporting the existence of a natural source of oxalic acid over the oceans. Oxalate was detected in "clean-sector" marine aerosol samples at Mace Head (Ireland) (53 degrees 20'N, 9 degrees 54'W) during 2006, and at Amsterdam Island (37 degrees 48'S, 77 degrees 34'E) from 2003 to 2007, in concentrations ranging from 2.7 to 39 ng m(-3) and from 0.31 to 17 ng m(-3), respectively. The oxalate concentration showed a clear seasonal trend at both sites, with maxima in spring-summer and minima in fall-winter, being consistent with other marine biogenic aerosol components (e.g., methanesulfonic acid, non-sea-salt sulfate, and aliphatic amines). The observed oxalate was distributed along the whole aerosol size spectrum, with both a submicrometer and a supermicrometer mode, unlike the dominant submicrometer mode encountered in many polluted environments. Given its mass size distribution, the results suggest that over remote oceanic regions oxalate is produced through a combination of different formation processes. It is proposed that the cloud-mediated oxidation of gaseous glyoxal, recently detected over remote oceanic regions, may be an important source of submicrometer oxalate in the marine boundary layer. Supporting this hypothesis, satellite-retrieved glyoxal column concentrations over the two sampling sites exhibited the same seasonal concentration trend of oxalate. Furthermore, chemical box model simulations showed that the observed submicrometer oxalate concentrations were consistent with the in-cloud oxidation of typical marine air glyoxal mixing ratios, as retrieved by satellite measurements, at both sites. C1 [Rinaldi, Matteo; Decesari, Stefano; Carbone, Claudio; Finessi, Emanuela; Fuzzi, Sandro; Facchini, Maria Cristina] CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Ceburnis, Darius; O'Dowd, Colin D.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Expt Phys, Galway, Ireland. [Ceburnis, Darius; O'Dowd, Colin D.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Environm Change Inst, Galway, Ireland. [Sciare, Jean] CNRS CEA IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Burrows, John P.; Vrekoussis, Mihalis] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys & Remote Sensing, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. [Ervens, Barbara] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ervens, Barbara] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Tsigaridis, Kostas] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Tsigaridis, Kostas] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Rinaldi, M (reprint author), CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Burrows, John/B-6199-2014; Fuzzi, Sandro/F-2675-2010; Carbone, Claudio/K-1859-2012; Tsigaridis, Kostas/K-8292-2012; Ervens, Barbara/D-5495-2013; Facchini, Maria Cristina/B-3369-2014; O'Dowd , Colin/K-8904-2012; rinaldi, matteo/K-6083-2012; CHEMATMO Group, Isac/P-7180-2014; Decesari, Stefano/B-9588-2015; FACCHINI, MARIA CRISTINA/O-1230-2015; Vrekoussis, Mihalis/G-9424-2012 OI Ceburnis, Darius/0000-0003-0231-5324; Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580; Fuzzi, Sandro/0000-0002-5275-2381; Carbone, Claudio/0000-0001-5185-2535; Tsigaridis, Kostas/0000-0001-5328-819X; Ervens, Barbara/0000-0002-6223-1635; Facchini, Maria Cristina/0000-0003-4833-9305; O'Dowd , Colin/0000-0002-3068-2212; rinaldi, matteo/0000-0001-6543-4000; Decesari, Stefano/0000-0001-6486-3786; FACCHINI, MARIA CRISTINA/0000-0003-4833-9305; Vrekoussis, Mihalis/0000-0001-8292-8352 FU EU; Irish EPA; French Polar Institute (IPEV; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER64539]; A. von Humboldt Foundation; European Union FX The experimental work performed at Mace Head was supported by the EU Project MAP (Marine Aerosol Production) and the Irish EPA project EASI-AQCIS (Exchange at the Air-Sea Interface: Air Quality and Climate Impacts). ACCENT (Atmospheric Composition Change the European Network of Excellence) is also gratefully acknowledged. Results obtained at Amsterdam Island were supported by the French Polar Institute (IPEV) within the AEROTRACE project. Barbara Ervens acknowledges funding from the U.S. Department of Energy (BER), ASP program, grant DE-FG02-08ER64539. Mihalis Vrekoussis acknowledges the A. von Humboldt Foundation and the European Union (Marie Curie, EIF and RG) for the consecutive research fellowships. NR 69 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 47 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 26 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D16204 DI 10.1029/2011JD015659 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 813LR UT WOS:000294368600003 ER PT J AU DiNezio, PN Clement, A Vecchi, GA Soden, B Broccoli, AJ Otto-Bliesner, BL Braconnot, P AF DiNezio, P. N. Clement, A. Vecchi, G. A. Soden, B. Broccoli, A. J. Otto-Bliesner, B. L. Braconnot, P. TI The response of the Walker circulation to Last Glacial Maximum forcing: Implications for detection in proxies SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; COUPLED OCEAN; EL-NINO; CLIMATE; SIMULATION; MODELS; THERMOCLINE; CYCLE AB The response of the Walker circulation to Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) forcing is analyzed using an ensemble of six coordinated coupled climate model experiments. The tropical atmospheric overturning circulation strengthens in all models in a manner that is dictated by the response of the hydrological cycle to tropical cooling. This response arises from the same mechanism that has been found to explain the weakening of the tropical circulation in response to anthropogenic global warming but with opposite sign. Analysis of the model differences shows that the ascending branch of the Walker circulation strengthens via this mechanism but vertical motion also weakens over areas of the Maritime Continent exposed due to lower sea level. Each model exhibits a different balance between these two mechanisms, and the result is a Pacific Walker circulation response that is not robust. Further, even those models that simulate a stronger Walker circulation during the LGM do not simulate clear patterns of surface cooling, such as La Nina-like cooling or enhanced equatorial cooling, as proposed by previous studies. In contrast, the changes in the Walker circulation have a robust and distinctive signature on the tilt of the equatorial thermocline, as expected from zonal momentum balance. The changes in the Walker circulation also have a clear signature on the spatial pattern of the precipitation changes. A reduction of the east-west salinity contrast in the Indian Ocean is related to the precipitation changes resulting from a weakening of the Indian Walker circulation. These results indicate that proxies of thermocline depth and sea surface salinity can be used to detect actual LGM changes in the Pacific and Indian Walker circulations, respectively, and help to constrain the sensitivity of the Walker circulation to tropical cooling. C1 [DiNezio, P. N.; Clement, A.; Soden, B.] Univ Miami, RSMAS, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Vecchi, G. A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Broccoli, A. J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Otto-Bliesner, B. L.] NCAR, CCR CGD, Climate Change Res Sect, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Braconnot, P.] CEA Saclay, IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP DiNezio, PN (reprint author), Univ Miami, RSMAS, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM pdinezio@rsmas.miami.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Broccoli, Anthony/D-9186-2014 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Broccoli, Anthony/0000-0003-2619-1434 FU NSF [ATM0902926]; Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Joint Institute of the University of Miami and NOAA [NA17RJ1226] FX We acknowledge the international modeling groups participating in PMIP2 and CMIP3, and NOAA/GFDL for providing their data for analysis, the Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement for collecting and archiving the LGM data, and the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the IPCC Data Archive at IPCC Data Archive at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) for archiving the AGW data. The PMIP2/MOTIF Data Archive is supported by CEA, CNRS, the EU project MOTIF, and the Programme National d'Etude de la Dynamique du Climat. PCMDI and the IPCC Data Archive at LLNL are supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy. We thank David Lea and one anonymous reviewer for comments that helped improve the manuscript; Jean-Yves Peterschmitt, Michael Erb, and Gary Strand for facilitating access to output from the LGM experiments; and Jay Harris for invaluable technical support. This research was carried out in part under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Joint Institute of the University of Miami and NOAA, Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1226. P. N. DiNezio and A. Clement were supported by NSF Paleoclimate program grant ATM0902926. NR 50 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD AUG 26 PY 2011 VL 26 AR PA3217 DI 10.1029/2010PA002083 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 813JZ UT WOS:000294364100001 ER PT J AU Helton, JS Singh, DK Nair, HS Elizabeth, S AF Helton, Joel S. Singh, Deepak K. Nair, Harikrishnan S. Elizabeth, Suja TI Magnetic order of the hexagonal rare-earth manganite Dy0.5Y0.5MnO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID POWDER DIFFRACTION DATA; RMNO3 R; HOMNO3; YMNO3; EVOLUTION; SYMMETRY; SCMNO3; LUMNO3; YB; SC AB Hexagonal Dy0.5Y0.5MnO3, a multiferroic rare-earth manganite with geometrically frustrated antiferromagnetism, has been investigated with single-crystal neutron diffraction measurements. Below 3.4 K magnetic order is observed on both the Mn (antiferromagnetic) and Dy (ferrimagnetic) sublattices that is identical to that of undiluted hexagonal DyMnO3 at low temperature. The Mn moments undergo a spin reorientation transition between 3.4 K and 10 K, with antiferromagnetic order of the Mn sublattice persisting up to 70 K; the antiferromagnetic order in this phase is distinct from that observed in undiluted (h) DyMnO3, yielding a qualitatively new phase diagram not seen in other hexagonal rare-earth manganites. A magnetic field applied parallel to the crystallographic c axis will drive a transition from the antiferromagnetic phase into the low-temperature ferrimagnetic phase with little hysteresis. C1 [Helton, Joel S.; Singh, Deepak K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Singh, Deepak K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nair, Harikrishnan S.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich Ctr Neutron Sci, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Elizabeth, Suja] Indian Inst Sci, Dept Phys, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. RP Helton, JS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joel.helton@nist.gov RI Helton, Joel/B-1798-2010; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Nair, Harikrishnan/D-3069-2013 OI Nair, Harikrishnan/0000-0002-4301-9380 FU NRC/NIST; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX We thank J. W. Lynn for guidance and helpful discussions. J. S. H. acknowledges support from the NRC/NIST Postdoctoral Associateship Program. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 26 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 6 AR 064434 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.064434 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812WX UT WOS:000294325000013 ER PT J AU Smith, ADM Brown, CJ Bulman, CM Fulton, EA Johnson, P Kaplan, IC Lozano-Montes, H Mackinson, S Marzloff, M Shannon, LJ Shin, YJ Tam, J AF Smith, Anthony D. M. Brown, Christopher J. Bulman, Catherine M. Fulton, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Penny Kaplan, Isaac C. Lozano-Montes, Hector Mackinson, Steven Marzloff, Martin Shannon, Lynne J. Shin, Yunne-Jai Tam, Jorge TI Impacts of Fishing Low-Trophic Level Species on Marine Ecosystems SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FORAGE FISH; FOOD WEBS; FISHERIES; VARIABILITY; CONSEQUENCES; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; ECOSIM; MODEL AB Low-trophic level species account for more than 30% of global fisheries production and contribute substantially to global food security. We used a range of ecosystem models to explore the effects of fishing low-trophic level species on marine ecosystems, including marine mammals and seabirds, and on other commercially important species. In five well-studied ecosystems, we found that fishing these species at conventional maximum sustainable yield (MSY) levels can have large impacts on other parts of the ecosystem, particularly when they constitute a high proportion of the biomass in the ecosystem or are highly connected in the food web. Halving exploitation rates would result in much lower impacts on marine ecosystems while still achieving 80% of MSY. C1 [Smith, Anthony D. M.; Bulman, Catherine M.; Fulton, Elizabeth A.; Johnson, Penny; Marzloff, Martin] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Brown, Christopher J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Brown, Christopher J.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Brisbane, Qld 4163, Australia. [Kaplan, Isaac C.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. [Lozano-Montes, Hector] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia. [Mackinson, Steven] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. [Marzloff, Martin] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarct Studies, Sandy Bay, Tas 7005, Australia. [Shannon, Lynne J.; Shin, Yunne-Jai] Univ Cape Town, Marine Res MA RE Inst, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Shannon, Lynne J.; Shin, Yunne-Jai] Univ Cape Town, Dept Zool, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Shin, Yunne-Jai] Inst Rech Dev, UMR EME 212, F-34203 Sete, France. [Tam, Jorge] Inst Mar Peru, Callao, Peru. RP Smith, ADM (reprint author), Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. EM tony.d.smith@csiro.edu RI Brown, Christopher/G-4287-2011; Fulton, Elizabeth/A-2871-2008; Shin, Yunne-Jai/A-7575-2012; Smith, Tony/A-4017-2012; Bulman, Catherine/A-9795-2012; Marzloff, Martin/J-7186-2014; Shannon, Lynne/A-1612-2015; OI Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-7271-4091; Fulton, Elizabeth/0000-0002-5904-7917; Shin, Yunne-Jai/0000-0002-7259-9265; Bulman, Catherine/0000-0002-8997-4615; Marzloff, Martin/0000-0002-8152-4273; Shannon, Lynne/0000-0001-7842-0636; Tam, Jorge/0000-0001-8224-4313 FU Marine Stewardship Council (MSC); Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (Australia); National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (USA); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (France); Instituto del Mar del Peru (Peru); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; European Union (EU) [244966]; Department of Environment Food and Rural Affairs [M1202]; South African Research Chair Initiative; South African Department of Science and Technology; EU [212085] FX This work was partly funded by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) to investigate "Developing best practice management for low trophic level fisheries: evaluation of harvest strategies." The authors also acknowledge funding from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (Australia), National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (USA), Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (France), and Instituto del Mar del Peru (Peru). I.C.K. (not funded by MSC) and E.A.F. acknowledge support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. S.M. acknowledges support from European Union (EU) FP7 grant FACTS (Forage Fish Interactions), grant agreement 244966, and Department of Environment Food and Rural Affairs contract M1202. L.S. acknowledges the support of the South African Research Chair Initiative, funded through the South African Department of Science and Technology and administered by the South African National Research Foundation (NRF). Y.J.S. acknowledges support from EU FP7 project MEECE (Marine Ecosystem Evolution in a Changing Environment), grant agreement 212085. J. Field kindly provided the EcoSim model for the northern California current and advised on its use. C. de Moor provided information on management targets for sardines and anchovy in the Southern Benguela. NR 32 TC 206 Z9 207 U1 19 U2 183 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 26 PY 2011 VL 333 IS 6046 BP 1147 EP 1150 DI 10.1126/science.1209395 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 811VM UT WOS:000294244300049 PM 21778363 ER PT J AU Wu, RG Yang, S Liu, S Sun, L Lian, Y Gao, ZT AF Wu, Renguang Yang, Song Liu, Shi Sun, Li Lian, Yi Gao, Zongting TI Northeast China summer temperature and North Atlantic SST SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; MONSOON-ENSO RELATIONSHIP; NCEP-NCAR REANALYSIS; STATIONARY WAVES; EL-NINO; 3-DIMENSIONAL PROPAGATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; INDIAN MONSOON AB A previous study revealed a close relationship between interannual variations of northeast China (NEC) summer temperature and a tripole sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly pattern in the North Atlantic in preceding spring. The present study investigates the change in the above relationship and the plausible causes for the change. A tripole SST index is defined with its positive value corresponding to positive SST anomalies in the tropics and midlatitudes and negative SST anomalies in the subtropics. The tripole SST anomaly pattern has a weak correlation with NEC summer temperature during the 1950s through the mid-1970s, in sharp contrast to the 1980s and 1990s. This change is related to the difference in the persistence of the tripole SST pattern. Before the late 1970s, the tripole SST pattern weakened from spring to summer, and thus, the spring North Atlantic tripole SST pattern had a weak connection with NEC summer temperature. On the contrary, after the late 1970s, the tripole SST pattern displayed a tendency of persistence from spring to summer, contributing to circulation changes that affected NEC summer temperature. There are two factors for the persistence of the tripole SST pattern from spring to summer. One is the North Atlantic air-sea interaction, and the other is the persistence of SST anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the decay of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). It is shown that the North Atlantic SST anomalies can have an impact on NEC summer temperature independent of ENSO. C1 [Wu, Renguang] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Inst Space & Earth Informat Sci, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Wu, Renguang] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Liu, Shi; Sun, Li; Lian, Yi; Gao, Zongting] Inst Meteorol Sci Jilin Prov, Changchun 130062, Peoples R China. [Yang, Song] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Wu, RG (reprint author), Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Inst Space & Earth Informat Sci, Fok Ying Tung Remote Sensing Sci Bldg, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM renguang@cuhk.edu.hk RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009 FU National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2006AA12Z207]; HKSAR RGC [447807]; NSF [ATM-0830068]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310058, NA09OAR4310186]; NASA [NNX09AN50G]; Governor's Foundation of Jilin Province, China; R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) [GYHY201106015, GYHY201106016]; National Natural Science Foundation of China for Youth Science Foundation [40705036] FX Comments of three anonymous reviewers have led to a significant improvement of this paper. The authors acknowledge the support of the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2006AA12Z207) and HKSAR RGC Project 447807. This work was partly accomplished in COLA and RW acknowledges the support by grants from the NSF (ATM-0830068), NOAA (NA09OAR4310058 and NA09OAR4310186), and NASA (NNX09AN50G). S.L., L.S., Y.L., and Z.G. acknowledge the support by the Governor's Foundation of Jilin Province, China. Z.G. acknowledges the support by R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) (GYHY201106015). Y. L. acknowledges the support by R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) (GYHY201106016) and National Natural Science Foundation of China for Youth Science Foundation (40705036). NR 56 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 25 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D16116 DI 10.1029/2011JD015779 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 813LP UT WOS:000294368400003 ER PT J AU Bazyleva, AB Blokhin, AV Kabo, GJ Charapennikau, MB Emel'yanenko, VN Verevkin, SP Diky, V AF Bazyleva, Ala B. Blokhin, Andrey V. Kabo, Gennady J. Charapennikau, Mikhail B. Emel'yanenko, Vladimir N. Verevkin, Sergey P. Diky, Vladimir TI Thermodynamic Properties of Adamantane Revisited SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID THERMODATA ENGINE TDE; SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION; VAPOR-PRESSURE; GLOBULAR MOLECULES; FORCE-FIELD; ENTHALPIES; VAPORIZATION; HYDROCARBONS; CALORIMETRY; SUBLIMATION AB The heat capacity and parameters of the solid-to-solid phase transition of adamantane were measured in the temperature range from 80 to 370 K by use of adiabatic calorimetry. The thermodynamic functions for the compound in the crystalline and liquid states were calculated. The standard molar enthalpy of formation in the crystalline state for adamantane was obtained from combustion calorimetry by use of two different calorimeters. Available data on the enthalpy of combustion, saturated vapor pressure, and enthalpy of sublimation of adamantane were collected, analyzed, and selected. On the basis of spectroscopic data and results of quantum-chemical calculations, the ideal-gas properties for adamantane were calculated by a statistical thermodynamics method. C1 [Bazyleva, Ala B.; Blokhin, Andrey V.; Kabo, Gennady J.; Charapennikau, Mikhail B.] Belarusian State Univ, Fac Chem, Minsk 220030, Byelarus. [Emel'yanenko, Vladimir N.; Verevkin, Sergey P.] Univ Rostock, Dept Phys Chem, D-18059 Rostock, Germany. [Diky, Vladimir] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kabo, GJ (reprint author), Belarusian State Univ, Fac Chem, Leningradskaya 14, Minsk 220030, Byelarus. EM kabo@bsu.by; sergey.verevkin@uni-rostock.de RI Verevkin, Sergey/G-3243-2011; Emel'yanenko, Vladimir/G-3235-2011 FU German Science Foundation (DFG) [SPP 1191] FX The research done in Rostock has been supported by the German Science Foundation (DFG) in the frame of the priority program SPP 1191 "Ionic Liquids". Products or companies are named solely for descriptive clarity and neither constitute nor imply endorsement by NIST or by the U.S. government. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 25 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 33 BP 10064 EP 10072 DI 10.1021/jp204792b PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 809SK UT WOS:000294076800017 PM 21809832 ER PT J AU Kirkby, J Curtius, J Almeida, J Dunne, E Duplissy, J Ehrhart, S Franchin, A Gagne, S Ickes, L Kurten, A Kupc, A Metzger, A Riccobono, F Rondo, L Schobesberger, S Tsagkogeorgas, G Wimmer, D Amorim, A Bianchi, F Breitenlechner, M David, A Dommen, J Downard, A Ehn, M Flagan, RC Haider, S Hansel, A Hauser, D Jud, W Junninen, H Kreissl, F Kvashin, A Laaksonen, A Lehtipalo, K Lima, J Lovejoy, ER Makhmutov, V Mathot, S Mikkila, J Minginette, P Mogo, S Nieminen, T Onnela, A Pereira, P Petaja, T Schnitzhofer, R Seinfeld, JH Sipila, M Stozhkov, Y Stratmann, F Tome, A Vanhanen, J Viisanen, Y Vrtala, A Wagner, PE Walther, H Weingartner, E Wex, H Winkler, PM Carslaw, KS Worsnop, DR Baltensperger, U Kulmala, M AF Kirkby, Jasper Curtius, Joachim Almeida, Joao Dunne, Eimear Duplissy, Jonathan Ehrhart, Sebastian Franchin, Alessandro Gagne, Stephanie Ickes, Luisa Kuerten, Andreas Kupc, Agnieszka Metzger, Axel Riccobono, Francesco Rondo, Linda Schobesberger, Siegfried Tsagkogeorgas, Georgios Wimmer, Daniela Amorim, Antonio Bianchi, Federico Breitenlechner, Martin David, Andre Dommen, Josef Downard, Andrew Ehn, Mikael Flagan, Richard C. Haider, Stefan Hansel, Armin Hauser, Daniel Jud, Werner Junninen, Heikki Kreissl, Fabian Kvashin, Alexander Laaksonen, Ari Lehtipalo, Katrianne Lima, Jorge Lovejoy, Edward R. Makhmutov, Vladimir Mathot, Serge Mikkila, Jyri Minginette, Pierre Mogo, Sandra Nieminen, Tuomo Onnela, Antti Pereira, Paulo Petaja, Tuukka Schnitzhofer, Ralf Seinfeld, John H. Sipila, Mikko Stozhkov, Yuri Stratmann, Frank Tome, Antonio Vanhanen, Joonas Viisanen, Yrjo Vrtala, Aron Wagner, Paul E. Walther, Hansueli Weingartner, Ernest Wex, Heike Winkler, Paul M. Carslaw, Kenneth S. Worsnop, Douglas R. Baltensperger, Urs Kulmala, Markku TI Role of sulphuric acid, ammonia and galactic cosmic rays in atmospheric aerosol nucleation SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ION-INDUCED NUCLEATION; PARTICLE FORMATION; MASS-SPECTROMETER; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; GAS-PHASE; NANOPARTICLES; H2SO4; STRATOSPHERE; ORGANICS; CLIMATE AB Atmospheric aerosols exert an important influence on climate(1) through their effects on stratiform cloud albedo and lifetime(2) and the invigoration of convective storms(3). Model calculations suggest that almost half of the global cloud condensation nuclei in the atmospheric boundary layer may originate from the nucleation of aerosols from trace condensable vapours(4), although the sensitivity of the number of cloud condensation nuclei to changes of nucleation rate may be small(5,6). Despite extensive research, fundamental questions remain about the nucleation rate of sulphuric acid particles and the mechanisms responsible, including the roles of galactic cosmic rays and other chemical species such as ammonia(7). Here we present the first results from the CLOUD experiment at CERN. We find that atmospherically relevant ammonia mixing ratios of 100 parts per trillion by volume, or less, increase the nucleation rate of sulphuric acid particles more than 100-1,000-fold. Time-resolved molecular measurements reveal that nucleation proceeds by a base-stabilization mechanism involving the stepwise accretion of ammonia molecules. Ions increase the nucleation rate by an additional factor of between two and more than ten at ground-level galactic-cosmic-ray intensities, provided that the nucleation rate lies below the limiting ion-pair production rate. We find that ion-induced binary nucleation of H2SO4-H2O can occur in the midtroposphere but is negligible in the boundary layer. However, even with the large enhancements in rate due to ammonia and ions, atmospheric concentrations of ammonia and sulphuric acid are insufficient to account for observed boundary-layer nucleation. C1 [Curtius, Joachim; Almeida, Joao; Ehrhart, Sebastian; Ickes, Luisa; Kuerten, Andreas; Rondo, Linda; Wimmer, Daniela; Kreissl, Fabian] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Almeida, Joao; Amorim, Antonio; Lima, Jorge; Mogo, Sandra; Pereira, Paulo; Tome, Antonio] Univ Lisbon, SIM, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Almeida, Joao; Amorim, Antonio; Lima, Jorge; Mogo, Sandra; Pereira, Paulo; Tome, Antonio] Univ Beira Interior, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Dunne, Eimear; Carslaw, Kenneth S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Duplissy, Jonathan; Franchin, Alessandro; Gagne, Stephanie; Schobesberger, Siegfried; Ehn, Mikael; Junninen, Heikki; Lehtipalo, Katrianne; Mikkila, Jyri; Nieminen, Tuomo; Petaja, Tuukka; Sipila, Mikko; Vanhanen, Joonas; Worsnop, Douglas R.; Kulmala, Markku] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Duplissy, Jonathan; Gagne, Stephanie; Sipila, Mikko] Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Kirkby, Jasper; Duplissy, Jonathan; David, Andre; Haider, Stefan; Mathot, Serge; Minginette, Pierre; Onnela, Antti] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Kupc, Agnieszka; Vrtala, Aron; Wagner, Paul E.; Winkler, Paul M.] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Metzger, Axel; Breitenlechner, Martin; Hansel, Armin; Hauser, Daniel; Jud, Werner; Schnitzhofer, Ralf] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Metzger, Axel; Breitenlechner, Martin; Hansel, Armin; Hauser, Daniel; Jud, Werner; Schnitzhofer, Ralf] Ionicon Analyt GmbH, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Riccobono, Francesco; Bianchi, Federico; Dommen, Josef; Walther, Hansueli; Weingartner, Ernest; Baltensperger, Urs] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Tsagkogeorgas, Georgios; Stratmann, Frank; Wex, Heike] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Bianchi, Federico] Univ Milan, Dept Inorgan Metallorgan & Analyt Chem, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Downard, Andrew; Flagan, Richard C.; Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kvashin, Alexander; Makhmutov, Vladimir; Stozhkov, Yuri] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Solar & Cosm Ray Res Lab, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Laaksonen, Ari] Univ Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland. [Lovejoy, Edward R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Viisanen, Yrjo] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Worsnop, Douglas R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Kirkby, J (reprint author), CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM jasper.kirkby@cern.ch RI Dunne, Eimear/H-1567-2014; Weingartner, Ernest/B-6793-2009; Schobesberger, Siegfried/L-4454-2014; Stozhkov, Yuri/M-7433-2015; Sipila, Mikko/G-3024-2010; Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010; Makhmutov, Vladimir/N-2086-2015; Kulmala, Markku/I-7671-2016; Ehn, Mikael/N-2571-2016; Bianchi, Federico/G-8428-2012; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Nieminen, Tuomo/D-1618-2011; Tinoco Mendes, Andre David/D-4314-2011; Mogo, Sandra/B-6967-2008; Laaksonen, Ari/B-5094-2011; Tome, Antonio/A-5681-2013; Carslaw, Ken/C-8514-2009; Petaja, Tuukka/A-8009-2008; Franchin, Alessandro/K-1765-2013; Junninen, Heikki/C-2157-2014; Duplissy, Jonathan/A-1723-2010; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Curtius, Joachim/A-2681-2011 OI Kurten, Andreas/0000-0002-8955-4450; Lehtipalo, Katrianne/0000-0002-1660-2706; Amorim, Antonio/0000-0003-0638-2321; Dunne, Eimear/0000-0001-7085-8473; Weingartner, Ernest/0000-0002-2427-4634; Schobesberger, Siegfried/0000-0002-5777-4897; Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394; Kulmala, Markku/0000-0003-3464-7825; Ehn, Mikael/0000-0002-0215-4893; Bianchi, Federico/0000-0003-2996-3604; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Tinoco Mendes, Andre David/0000-0001-5854-7699; Mogo, Sandra/0000-0002-1423-2668; Laaksonen, Ari/0000-0002-1657-2383; Tome, Antonio/0000-0001-9144-7120; Carslaw, Ken/0000-0002-6800-154X; Petaja, Tuukka/0000-0002-1881-9044; Junninen, Heikki/0000-0001-7178-9430; Duplissy, Jonathan/0000-0001-8819-0264; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Curtius, Joachim/0000-0003-3153-4630 FU EC [215072]; ERC [227463]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [01LK0902A]; Swiss National Science Foundation [206621_125025, 206620_130527]; Academy of Finland Center of Excellence [1118615]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P19546, L593]; Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [N08-02-91006-CERN]; CERN FX We thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources, and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. We also thank J.-L. Agostini, S. Atieh, J. Baechler, D. Bloess, G. Bowden, A. Braem, T. Callamand, A. Castel, L.-P. De Menezes, G. Favre, L. Ferreira, L. Gatignon, D. Gregorio, M. Guinchard, E. Ivanova, F. Josa, I. Krasin, R. Kristic, A. Kuzmin, O. Maksumov, S. Mizin, R. Richter, R. Sitals, A. Vacca, R. Veenhof, A. Wasem and M. Wilhelmsson for their contributions to the experiment. This research has received funding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement no. 215072 (Marie Curie Initial Training Network, 'CLOUD-ITN') and ERC-Advanced Grant 'ATMNUCLE' no. 227463, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (project no. 01LK0902A), the Swiss National Science Foundation (project nos 206621_125025 and 206620_130527), the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence program(project no. 1118615), the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; project nos P19546 and L593), and the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant N08-02-91006-CERN). NR 44 TC 395 Z9 402 U1 23 U2 347 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 25 PY 2011 VL 476 IS 7361 BP 429 EP U77 DI 10.1038/nature10343 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 811KT UT WOS:000294209400031 PM 21866156 ER PT J AU DelRio, FW Rampulla, DM Jaye, C Stan, G Gates, RS Fischer, DA Cook, RF AF DelRio, Frank W. Rampulla, David M. Jaye, Cherno Stan, Gheorghe Gates, Richard S. Fischer, Daniel A. Cook, Robert F. TI Structure-property relationships for methyl-terminated alkyl self-assembled monolayers SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FORCE MICROSCOPY; SURFACE; AU(111); ADHESION; FILMS; ORDER; METAL AB Structure-property relationships for methyl-terminated alkyl self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are developed using near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). NEXAFS C K-edge spectra are used to compute the dichroic ratio, which provides a quantitative measure of the molecular structure. AFM data are analyzed with an elastic adhesive contact model, modified by a first-order elastic perturbation method to include substrate effects, to extract the monolayer mechanical properties. Using this approach, the measured mechanical properties are not influenced by the substrate, which allows universal structure-property relationships to be developed for methyl-terminated alkyl SAMs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [DelRio, Frank W.; Jaye, Cherno; Stan, Gheorghe; Gates, Richard S.; Fischer, Daniel A.; Cook, Robert F.] NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rampulla, David M.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP DelRio, FW (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM frank.delrio@nist.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2011 VL 512 IS 4-6 BP 243 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.07.045 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 807GI UT WOS:000293883900022 ER PT J AU Tu, XM Walker, ARH Khripin, CY Zheng, M AF Tu, Xiaomin Walker, Angela R. Hight Khripin, Constantine Y. Zheng, Ming TI Evolution of DNA Sequences Toward Recognition of Metallic Armchair Carbon Nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-GRADIENT ULTRACENTRIFUGATION; SEPARATION; GROWTH; RAMAN AB The armchair carbon nanotube is an ideal system to study fundamental physics in one-dimensional metals and potentially a superb material for applications such as electrical power transmission. Synthesis and purification efforts to date have failed to produce a homogeneous population of such a material. Here we report evolutionary strategies to find DNA sequences for the recognition and subsequent purification of (6,6) and (7,7) armchair species from synthetic mixtures. The new sequences were derived by single-point scanning mutation and sequence motif variation of previously identified ones for semiconducting tubes. Optical absorption spectroscopy of the purified armchair tubes revealed well-resolved first- and second-order electronic transitions accompanied by prominent sideband features that have neither been predicted nor observed previously. Resonance Raman spectroscopy showed a single Lorentzian peak for the in-plane carbon-carbon stretching mode (G band) of the armchair tubes, repudiating the common practice of using such a line shape to infer the absence of metallic species. Our work demonstrates the exquisite sensitivity of DNA to nanotube metallicity and makes the long-anticipated pure armchair tubes available as seeds for their mass amplification. C1 [Tu, Xiaomin; Khripin, Constantine Y.; Zheng, Ming] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zheng, M (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ming.zheng@nist.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 33 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 24 PY 2011 VL 133 IS 33 BP 12998 EP 13001 DI 10.1021/ja205407q PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 816IG UT WOS:000294591300028 PM 21777006 ER PT J AU Garrett, TJ Brattstrom, S Sharma, S Worthy, DEJ Novelli, P AF Garrett, Timothy J. Brattstrom, Sara Sharma, Sangeeta Worthy, Douglas E. J. Novelli, Paul TI The role of scavenging in the seasonal transport of black carbon and sulfate to the Arctic SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL; POLLUTION; HAZE; VARIABILITY; SUMMER; TRENDS; BARROW; TROPOSPHERE; PARTICLES; EMISSIONS AB In a prior study, a decade-long dataset of ground-based aerosol and carbon monoxide measurements from Barrow, Alaska (71 degrees N, 157 degrees W) was used to show that surface air in the Arctic is clean during the summer, less due to inhibited transport of pollutants from mid-latitudes, and more because of efficient wet scavenging at temperatures near freezing. Here, the analysis is extended to light-absorbing aerosols, such as black carbon, and to measurements from Alert, Canada (82 degrees N, 62 degrees W). The data imply that both light scattering and light absorbing aerosols have similar seasonal cycles, independent of location, and they are controlled nearly equally by wet scavenging. Removal is particularly efficient at high relative humidities and warm temperatures, which suggests that a future warmer and wetter Arctic may also be cleaner. Assuming aerosol pollutants generally have a warming effect in the Arctic, such an increase in wet scavenging would represent a negative Arctic climate feedback. Citation: Garrett, T. J., S. Brattstrom, S. Sharma, D. E. J. Worthy, and P. Novelli (2011), The role of scavenging in the seasonal transport of black carbon and sulfate to the Arctic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L16805, doi:10.1029/2011GL048221. C1 [Garrett, Timothy J.] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84103 USA. [Brattstrom, Sara] Stockholms Univ, Meteorol Inst, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Novelli, Paul] ESRL, GMD, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Sharma, Sangeeta; Worthy, Douglas E. J.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. RP Garrett, TJ (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, 135 S 1460 E,Room 819, Salt Lake City, UT 84103 USA. EM tim.garrett@utah.edu FU NSF [ATM0649570] FX This work was supported through NSF award ATM0649570. We are grateful to John Ogren and Tom Mefford for supplying aerosol and meteorological data. NR 48 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 24 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L16805 DI 10.1029/2011GL048221 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 813LJ UT WOS:000294367800004 ER PT J AU Marko, PB Nance, HA Guynn, KD AF Marko, Peter B. Nance, Holly A. Guynn, Kimberly D. TI Genetic detection of mislabeled fish from a certified sustainable fishery SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PATAGONIAN TOOTHFISH C1 [Marko, Peter B.; Nance, Holly A.] Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Nance, Holly A.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Guynn, Kimberly D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries Natl Seafood Inspect Lab, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. RP Marko, PB (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. EM pmarko@clemson.edu NR 9 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 20 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD AUG 23 PY 2011 VL 21 IS 16 BP R621 EP R622 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 813PF UT WOS:000294378700006 PM 21854999 ER PT J AU Peterson, TC Willett, KM Thorne, PW AF Peterson, Thomas C. Willett, Katharine M. Thorne, Peter W. TI Observed changes in surface atmospheric energy over land SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; HEAT AB The temperature of the surface atmosphere over land has been rising during recent decades. But surface temperature, or, more accurately, enthalpy which can be calculated from temperature, is only one component of the energy content of the surface atmosphere. The other parts include kinetic energy and latent heat. It has been advocated in certain quarters that ignoring additional terms somehow calls into question global surface temperature analyses. Examination of all three of these components of atmospheric energetics reveals a significant increase in global surface atmospheric energy since the 1970s. Kinetic energy has decreased but by over two orders of magnitude less than the increases in both enthalpy and latent heat which provide approximately equal contributions to the global increases in heat content. Regionally, the enthalpy or the latent heat component can dominate the change in heat content. Although generally changes in latent heat and enthalpy act in concert, in some regions they can have the opposite signs. Citation: Peterson, T. C., K. M. Willett, and P. W. Thorne (2011), Observed changes in surface atmospheric energy over land, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L16707, doi:10.1029/2011GL048442. C1 [Peterson, Thomas C.; Thorne, Peter W.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Thorne, Peter W.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Willett, Katharine M.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. RP Peterson, TC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave,Ste 120, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM thomas.c.peterson@noaa.gov RI Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014 OI Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798 FU Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101] FX Katharine Willett was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). The authors thank John Nielsen-Gammon and one anonymous reviewer for their assistance in evaluating and improving this paper. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 23 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L16707 DI 10.1029/2011GL048442 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 813LH UT WOS:000294367600006 ER PT J AU Rabinovich, AB Woodworth, PL Titov, VV AF Rabinovich, Alexander B. Woodworth, Philip L. Titov, Vasily V. TI Deep-sea observations and modeling of the 2004 Sumatra tsunami in Drake Passage SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 26 DECEMBER; INDIAN-OCEAN AB The 2004 Sumatra tsunami was clearly recorded by two UK bottom pressure gauges, DPN and DPS, deployed in Drake Passage between South America and Antarctica. These open-ocean records were examined to estimate characteristics of the tsunami waves and to compare the results of numerical simulations with the observations. Maximum wave heights measured at these gauges were 4.9 cm at DPN and 7.4 cm at DPS; the travel times from the source area were 19 h 46 min and 19 h 39 min respectively, consistent with the times obtained from the nearby coastal tide gauges. The numerical model described well the frequency content, amplitudes and general structure of the observed waves, with only small time shifts probably related to wave dispersion effects. The shifts were 15 min for DPN and 10 min for DPS, with the modeled waves leading the observations in each case. Further inspection of the simulated and observed records revealed that the identified tsunami waves are related to the second (main) train of waves propagating by the energy conserving route along the mid-ocean ridges, while the first train of waves travelling by the fastest route across the ocean remained unrecognizable in the observed DPS and DPN records and undetectable in the records of coastal tide gauges because of their insignificant amplitudes compared to the background variability. Citation: Rabinovich, A. B., P. L. Woodworth, and V. V. Titov (2011), Deep-sea observations and modeling of the 2004 Sumatra tsunami in Drake Passage, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L16604, doi:10.1029/2011GL048305. C1 [Rabinovich, Alexander B.] Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Titov, Vasily V.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Woodworth, Philip L.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Liverpool L3 5DA, Merseyside, England. [Rabinovich, Alexander B.] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia. RP Rabinovich, AB (reprint author), Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, 9860 W Saanich Rd, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. EM a.b.rabinovich@gmail.com OI Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 23 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L16604 DI 10.1029/2011GL048305 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 813LH UT WOS:000294367600003 ER PT J AU Dufour, C Fitzsimmons, MR Borchers, JA Laver, M Krycka, KL Dumesnil, K Watson, SM Chen, WC Won, J Singh, S AF Dufour, C. Fitzsimmons, M. R. Borchers, J. A. Laver, M. Krycka, K. L. Dumesnil, K. Watson, S. M. Chen, W. C. Won, J. Singh, S. TI Nanometer-size magnetic domains and coherent magnetization reversal in a giant exchange-bias system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANISOTROPY; SCATTERING; LENGTH; FIELD; SANS AB The role of magnetic domains and domain walls in exchange bias has stimulated much contemporary deliberation. Here we present compelling evidence obtained with small-angle scattering of unpolarized- and polarized-neutron beams that magnetization reversal occurs via formation of 10-100s nm-sized magnetic domains in an exchange-biased DyFe(2)/YFe(2) superlattice. The reversal mechanism is observed to involve rotation of magnetization in and out of the sample plane. Remarkably, the domains are arranged in a quasiperiodic manner in the plane of the sample. The length scale of domain formation is similar to that of structural defects at the seed-layer-superlattice interface. C1 [Dufour, C.; Dumesnil, K.] Univ Nancy 1, Phys Mat Lab, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Fitzsimmons, M. R.; Won, J.; Singh, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Borchers, J. A.; Krycka, K. L.; Watson, S. M.; Chen, W. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Laver, M.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Neutron Scattering, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Laver, M.] Tech Univ Denmark, Riso DTU, Div Mat Sci, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Laver, M.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Nanosci Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Chen, W. C.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Singh, S.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Div Solid State Phys, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. RP Dufour, C (reprint author), Univ Nancy 1, Phys Mat Lab, BP 239, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. EM fitz@lanl.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Singh, Surendra/E-5351-2011 OI DUMESNIL, Karine/0000-0002-2304-4490; won, Jonghan/0000-0002-7612-1322; Singh, Surendra/0000-0001-5482-9744 FU Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Science; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; Universite Nancy; DanScatt FX This work was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Science, US Department of Energy, BES-DMS funded by the Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Science. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. This work utilized facilities at the NIST Center for Neutron Research supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. M.R.F. gratefully acknowledges financial assistance from the Universite Nancy. M.L. acknowledges support from DanScatt. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 23 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 6 AR 064420 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.064420 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 811PN UT WOS:000294225000010 ER PT J AU Sinclair, LC Cossel, KC Coffey, T Ye, J Cornell, EA AF Sinclair, Laura C. Cossel, Kevin C. Coffey, Tyler Ye, Jun Cornell, Eric A. TI Frequency Comb Velocity-Modulation Spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; WAVELENGTH DEMULTIPLEXER; MOLECULAR-IONS; BAND; DYNAMICS; H-3(+); ARRAY AB We have demonstrated a new technique that provides massively parallel comb spectroscopy sensitive specifically to ions through the combination of cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy with velocity-modulation spectroscopy. Using this novel system, we have measured electronic transitions of HfF+ and achieved a fractional absorption sensitivity of 3 x 10(-7) recorded over 1500 simultaneous channels spanning 150 cm(-1) around 800 nm with an absolute frequency accuracy of 30 MHz (0.001 cm(-1)). A fully sampled spectrum consisting of interleaved measurements is acquired in 30 min. C1 [Sinclair, Laura C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sinclair, LC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sinclail@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 FU NIST; NSF; AFOSR FX We thank F. Adler, W. Ames, R. Stutz, and M. J. Thorpe for technical discussions and assistance. Funding for this work is provided by NIST, NSF, and AFOSR. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 23 PY 2011 VL 107 IS 9 AR 093002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.093002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 812DM UT WOS:000294268000006 PM 21929235 ER PT J AU Bittel, BC Lenahan, PM Ryan, JT Fronheiser, J Lelis, AJ AF Bittel, B. C. Lenahan, P. M. Ryan, J. T. Fronheiser, J. Lelis, A. J. TI Spin dependent charge pumping in SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINATION; DEFECTS; INTERFACE AB We demonstrate a very powerful electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) technique, spin dependent charge pumping (SDCP) and apply it to 4H SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors. SDCP combines a widely used electrical characterization tool with the most powerful analytical technique for providing atomic scale structure of point defects in electronic materials. SDCP offers a large improvement in sensitivity over the previously established EDMR technique called spin dependent recombination, offering higher sensitivity and accessing a wider energy range within the bandgap. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3630024] C1 [Bittel, B. C.; Lenahan, P. M.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ryan, J. T.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fronheiser, J.] GE Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. [Lelis, A. J.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Bittel, BC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM bcb183@psu.edu FU U.S. Department of Commerce [NIST 60NANB10D109]; US Army Research Laboratory FX We wish to thank Thomas Aichinger for assistance in setting up the electrical measurement apparatus. The work at Penn State supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce under Award No. NIST 60NANB10D109 and the US Army Research Laboratory. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or other recommendations expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Commerce Department or the US Army Research Laboratory. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 22 PY 2011 VL 99 IS 8 AR 083504 DI 10.1063/1.3630024 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 813ID UT WOS:000294359100084 ER PT J AU Yang, JB Yang, YB Chen, XG Ma, XB Han, JZ Yang, YC Guo, S Yan, AR Huang, QZ Wu, MM Chen, DF AF Yang, J. B. Yang, Y. B. Chen, X. G. Ma, X. B. Han, J. Z. Yang, Y. C. Guo, S. Yan, A. R. Huang, Q. Z. Wu, M. M. Chen, D. F. TI Anisotropic nanocrystalline MnBi with high coercivity at high temperature SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; TRANSFORMATION; PHASE AB Magnetic hard nanocrystalline MnBi has been prepared by melt spinning and subsequent low temperature annealing. A coercivity of 2.5 T can be achieved at 540 K for MnBi with an average grain size of about 20-30 nm. The coercivity iH(c), mainly controlled by the coherent magnetization rotation, shows a strong dependence on the time of grinding and exhibits a positive temperature coefficient from 100 up to 540 K. The unique temperature dependent behavior of the coercivity (magnetocrystalline anisotropy) has a relationship with the variations in the crystal lattice ratio of c/a with temperatures. In addition, discontinuity can not be found in the lattice parameters of a, c, and c/a ratio at the magnetostructural transition temperature. The nanocrystalline MnBi powder fixed in an epoxy resin and under an applied magnetic field of 24 kOe shows a maximum energy product of 7.1 MGOe at room temperature and shows anisotropic characteristics with high Mr/Ms ratio up to 560 K. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3630001] C1 [Yang, J. B.; Yang, Y. B.; Chen, X. G.; Ma, X. B.; Han, J. Z.; Yang, Y. C.] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, State Key Lab Mesoscop Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Guo, S.; Yan, A. R.] Chinese Acad Sci, Ningbo Inst Mat Technol & Engn, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Huang, Q. Z.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Wu, M. M.; Chen, D. F.] China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. RP Yang, JB (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sch Phys, State Key Lab Mesoscop Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM jbyang@pku.edu.cn RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Yang, Yunbo/F-1458-2015 OI Yang, Yunbo/0000-0001-7895-024X FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [50701003]; MOST of China [2010CB833104]; program for New Century Excellent Talents [NCET-10-1097]; Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry FX This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50701003), the National 973 Project (No. 2010CB833104, MOST of China), and the program for New Century Excellent Talents (NCET-10-1097) and the Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry. NR 17 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 7 U2 87 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 22 PY 2011 VL 99 IS 8 AR 082505 DI 10.1063/1.3630001 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 813ID UT WOS:000294359100047 ER PT J AU Karhu, EA Kahwaji, S Robertson, MD Fritzsche, H Kirby, BJ Majkrzak, CF Monchesky, TL AF Karhu, E. A. Kahwaji, S. Robertson, M. D. Fritzsche, H. Kirby, B. J. Majkrzak, C. F. Monchesky, T. L. TI Helical magnetic order in MnSi thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE AB We present a study of the magnetic structure of crystalline MnSi(111) thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. A combination of polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR) and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry show that the films have helical magnetic order with a pitch vector Q along the film normal. The helix wavelength of 2 pi/Q = 13.9 +/- 0.1 nm is found to be independent of thickness below 40 nm. PNR shows that the magnetic structure has both left-handed and right-handed chiralities due to the presence of inversion domains observed by transmission electron microscopy. C1 [Karhu, E. A.; Kahwaji, S.; Monchesky, T. L.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. [Robertson, M. D.] Acadia Univ, Dept Phys, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada. [Fritzsche, H.] Natl Res Council Canada, Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Kirby, B. J.; Majkrzak, C. F.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Karhu, EA (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. EM theodore.monchesky@dal.ca OI Monchesky, Theodore/0000-0001-7401-7866; Fritzsche, Helmut/0000-0001-5288-8302 FU NSERC; Canada Research Chairs Program FX This work was supported by NSERC and the Canada Research Chairs Program. NR 19 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 22 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 6 AR 060404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.060404 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 810NI UT WOS:000294131600002 ER PT J AU Nagao, M AF Nagao, Michihiro TI Temperature and scattering contrast dependencies of thickness fluctuations in surfactant membranes SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE bending; damping; fluctuations; high-temperature effects; membranes; monolayers; neutron spin echo; surfactants; viscosity ID NEUTRON SPIN-ECHO; DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; LIPID-BILAYERS; AMPHIPHILIC SURFACES; MICROEMULSIONS; LAMELLAR; PHASES; UNDULATIONS; SYSTEM; FORCES AB Temperature and scattering contrast dependencies of thickness fluctuations have been investigated using neutron spin echo spectroscopy in a swollen lamellar phase composed of nonionic surfactant, water, and oil. In the present study, two contrast conditions are examined; one is the bulk contrast, which probes two surfactant monolayers with an oil layer as a membrane, and the other is the film contrast, which emphasizes an individual surfactant monolayer. The thickness fluctuations enhance dynamics from the bending fluctuations, and are observed in a similar manner in both contrast conditions. Thickness fluctuations can be investigated regardless of the scattering contrast, though film contrasts are better to be employed in terms of the data quality. The thickness fluctuation amplitude is constant over the measured temperature range, including in the vicinity of the phase boundary between the lamellar and micellar phases at low temperature and the boundary between the lamellar and bicontinuous phases at high temperature. The damping frequency of the thickness fluctuations is well scaled using viscosity within the membranes at low temperature, which indicates the thickness fluctuations are predominantly controlled by the viscosity within the membrane. On the other hand, in the vicinity of the phase boundary at high temperature, thickness fluctuations become faster without changing the mode amplitude. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3625434] C1 [Nagao, Michihiro] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Nagao, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mnagao@indiana.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-0944772] FX The author acknowledges valuable discussion with Takumi Hawa and Paul Butler. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 21 PY 2011 VL 135 IS 7 AR 074704 DI 10.1063/1.3625434 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 809NY UT WOS:000294065200036 PM 21861581 ER PT J AU Uzdensky, DA Cerutti, B Begelman, MC AF Uzdensky, Dmitri A. Cerutti, Benoit Begelman, Mitchell C. TI RECONNECTION-POWERED LINEAR ACCELERATOR AND GAMMA-RAY FLARES IN THE CRAB NEBULA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; gamma rays: stars; ISM: individual objects (Crab nebula); magnetic reconnection; pulsars: individual (Crab); radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; PULSAR; MODEL; WIND; VARIABILITY; EMISSION; TELESCOPE; PARTICLES; ORIGIN AB The recent discovery of day-long gamma-ray flares in the Crab Nebula, presumed to be synchrotron emission by PeV (10(15) eV) electrons in milligauss magnetic fields, presents a strong challenge to particle acceleration models. The observed photon energies exceed the upper limit (similar to 100 MeV) obtained by balancing the acceleration rate and synchrotron radiation losses under standard conditions where the electric field is smaller than the magnetic field. We argue that a linear electric accelerator, operating at magnetic reconnection sites, is able to circumvent this difficulty. Sufficiently energetic electrons have gyroradii so large that their motion is insensitive to small-scale turbulent structures in the reconnection layer and is controlled only by large-scale fields. We show that such particles are guided into the reconnection layer by the reversing magnetic field as they are accelerated by the reconnection electric field. As these electrons become confined within the current sheet, they experience a decreasing perpendicular magnetic field that may drop below the accelerating electric field. This enables them to reach higher energies before suffering radiation losses and hence to emit synchrotron radiation in excess of the 100 MeV limit, providing a natural resolution to the Crab gamma-ray flare paradox. C1 [Uzdensky, Dmitri A.; Cerutti, Benoit] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, CIPS, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Uzdensky, DA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, CIPS, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM uzdensky@colorado.edu; benoit.cerutti@colorado.edu; mitch@jila.colorado.edu OI Cerutti, Benoit/0000-0001-6295-596X FU NASA [NNX09AG02G]; NSF [AST-0907872, PHY-0903851] FX We thank K. Beckwith, R. Blandford, and R. Buehler for fruitful discussions. This work was supported by NASA Astrophysics Theory Program grant NNX09AG02G, NSF grant AST-0907872, and NSF grant PHY-0903851. NR 26 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2011 VL 737 IS 2 AR L40 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/737/2/L40 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 819OZ UT WOS:000294837500015 ER PT J AU Woods, SI Kaplan, SG Jung, TM Carter, AC AF Woods, S. I. Kaplan, S. G. Jung, T. M. Carter, A. C. TI Characterization of the optical properties of an infrared blocked impurity band detector SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION; RADIOMETER; SILICON AB Si:As blocked impurity band detectors have been partially deprocessed and measured by Fourier transform spectroscopy to determine their transmittance and reflectance at cryogenic temperatures over the wavelength range 2 mu m to 40 mu m. A method is presented by which the propagation constants can be extracted from an inversion of the transmittance and reflectance data. The effective propagation constants for the active layer from 2 mu m to 20 mu m were calculated as well as the absorption cross section of arsenic in silicon, which agrees well with previous results from the literature. The infrared absorptance of the full detector was determined, and the analytical method also provides an estimate of absorption in the active layer alone. Infrared absorptance of the active layer is compared to the quantum yield measured by photoelectric means on similar detectors. The optical methods outlined here, in conjunction with standard electronic measurements, could be used to predict the performance of such detectors from measurements of the blanket films from which they are to be fabricated. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Woods, S. I.; Kaplan, S. G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jung, T. M.] Jung Res & Dev Corp, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [Carter, A. C.] Booz Allen Hamilton Inc, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Woods, SI (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM solomon.woods@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 20 PY 2011 VL 50 IS 24 BP 4824 EP 4833 DI 10.1364/AO.50.004824 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 809JH UT WOS:000294048800016 PM 21857706 ER PT J AU Stock, C Cowley, RA Taylor, JW Bennington, SM AF Stock, C. Cowley, R. A. Taylor, J. W. Bennington, S. M. TI Reply to "Comment on 'High-energy neutron scattering from hydrogen using a direct geometry spectrometer"' SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Editorial Material AB We reply to the comment raised in Mayers et al. [Phys. Rev. B 84, 056301 (2011)]. The comment claims the conclusions by Stock et al. [Phys. Rev. B 81, 024303 (2010)] are not correct owing to the fact that the resolution is not sensitive to detect the changes in the cross section observed using the indirect geometry instrument VESUVIO. We point out several criticisms of this analysis. First, we note that the energy widths measured at large scattering angles on MARI are the same as those measured on VESUVIO (as illustrated in Fig. 6 of Mayers et al. [Phys. Rev. B 84, 056301 (2011)]). We, however, get the same cross section at all other angles and independent of experimental configuration. We also point out that the current data set presented in the Comment is inconsistent with sum rules of neutron scattering. We do not agree with the arguments presented in the Comment and consider that the deficit in the hydrogen cross section measured on VESUVIO is erroneous. Finally, our experiment shows that the impulse approximation is valid over a wide range of energies and momentum transfers. C1 [Stock, C.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stock, C.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47404 USA. [Cowley, R. A.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Taylor, J. W.; Bennington, S. M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Stock, C (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 18 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 5 AR 056302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.056302 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 809BM UT WOS:000294025700004 ER PT J AU Barkley, MP Palmer, PI Ganzeveld, L Arneth, A Hagberg, D Karl, T Guenther, A Paulot, F Wennberg, PO Mao, JQ Kurosu, TP Chance, K Muller, JF De Smedt, I Van Roozendael, M Chen, D Wang, YX Yantosca, RM AF Barkley, Michael P. Palmer, Paul I. Ganzeveld, Laurens Arneth, Almut Hagberg, Daniel Karl, Thomas Guenther, Alex Paulot, Fabien Wennberg, Paul O. Mao, Jingqiu Kurosu, Thomas P. Chance, Kelly Mueller, J. -F. De Smedt, Isabelle Van Roozendael, Michel Chen, Dan Wang, Yuxuan Yantosca, Robert M. TI Can a "state of the art" chemistry transport model simulate Amazonian tropospheric chemistry? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MASTER CHEMICAL MECHANISM; FIRE EMISSIONS EXPERIMENT; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; MCM V3 PART; ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; UNITED-STATES AB We present an evaluation of a nested high-resolution Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)-Chem chemistry transport model simulation of tropospheric chemistry over tropical South America. The model has been constrained with two isoprene emission inventories: (1) the canopy-scale Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) and (2) a leaf-scale algorithm coupled to the Lund-Potsdam-Jena General Ecosystem Simulator (LPJ-GUESS) dynamic vegetation model, and the model has been run using two different chemical mechanisms that contain alternative treatments of isoprene photo-oxidation. Large differences of up to 100 Tg C yr (1) exist between the isoprene emissions predicted by each inventory, with MEGAN emissions generally higher. Based on our simulations we estimate that tropical South America (30-85 degrees W, 14 degrees N-25 degrees S) contributes about 15-35% of total global isoprene emissions. We have quantified the model sensitivity to changes in isoprene emissions, chemistry, boundary layer mixing, and soil NOx emissions using ground-based and airborne observations. We find GEOS-Chem has difficulty reproducing several observed chemical species; typically hydroxyl concentrations are underestimated, whilst mixing ratios of isoprene and its oxidation products are overestimated. The magnitude of model formaldehyde (HCHO) columns are most sensitive to the choice of chemical mechanism and isoprene emission inventory. We find GEOS-Chem exhibits a significant positive bias (10-100%) when compared with HCHO columns from the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) for the study year 2006. Simulations that use the more detailed chemical mechanism and/or lowest isoprene emissions provide the best agreement to the satellite data, since they result in lower-HCHO columns. C1 [Barkley, Michael P.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, EOS Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Palmer, Paul I.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. [Ganzeveld, Laurens] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Arneth, Almut; Hagberg, Daniel] Lund Univ, Geobiosphere Sci Ctr, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Anal, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Kurosu, Thomas P.; Chance, Kelly] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mueller, J. -F.; De Smedt, Isabelle; Van Roozendael, Michel] Belgian Inst Space Aeron, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Karl, Thomas; Guenther, Alex] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Mao, Jingqiu] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08628 USA. [Paulot, Fabien; Wennberg, Paul O.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wang, Yuxuan] Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Inst Global Change Studies, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Yantosca, Robert M.] Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Arneth, Almut] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Chen, Dan] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wennberg, Paul O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Barkley, MP (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, EOS Grp, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. EM mpb14@le.ac.uk RI Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Paulot, Fabien/C-1002-2011; Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Arneth, Almut/B-2702-2013; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Wang, Yuxuan/C-6902-2014; Yantosca, Robert/F-7920-2014; Palmer, Paul/F-7008-2010; Chen, Dan/R-4486-2016; OI Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Wang, Yuxuan/0000-0002-1649-6974; Yantosca, Robert/0000-0003-3781-1870; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577 FU NASA; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/G013810/1, NE/D001471]; Swedish Research Council Formas FX The authors would like to thank all members of the GABRIEL Science team for their provision of the aircraft data. We would also like to thank Lee Murray (Harvard University) for his help with the local lightning distribution and Daniel Stone and Mat Evans (University of Leeds) for their help setting up the box model. The GEOS-Chem model is managed at Harvard University with support from the NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program. This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC research grants NE/G013810/1 and NE/D001471). A. A. and D. H. acknowledge support from the Swedish Research Council Formas. NR 112 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 17 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D16302 DI 10.1029/2011JD015893 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 810MH UT WOS:000294128900003 ER PT J AU Feist, BE Buhle, ER Arnold, P Davis, JW Scholz, NL AF Feist, Blake E. Buhle, Eric R. Arnold, Paul Davis, Jay W. Scholz, Nathaniel L. TI Landscape Ecotoxicology of Coho Salmon Spawner Mortality in Urban Streams SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE; PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS; PARVICAPSULA-MINIBICORNIS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; STORM WATER; RUNOFF; RIVER; URBANIZATION AB In the Pacific Northwest of the United States, adult coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) returning from the ocean to spawn in urban basins of the Puget Sound region have been prematurely dying at high rates (up to 90% of the total runs) for more than a decade. The current weight of evidence indicates that coho deaths are caused by toxic chemical contaminants in land-based runoff to urban streams during the fall spawning season. Non-point source pollution in urban landscapes typically originates from discrete urban and residential land use activities. In the present study we conducted a series of spatial analyses to identify correlations between land use and land cover (roadways, impervious surfaces, forests, etc.) and the magnitude of coho mortality in six streams with different drainage basin characteristics. We found that spawner mortality was most closely and positively correlated with the relative proportion of local roads, impervious surfaces, and commercial property within a basin. These and other correlated variables were used to identify unmonitored basins in the greater Seattle metropolitan area where recurrent coho spawner die-offs may be likely. This predictive map indicates a substantial geographic area of vulnerability for the Puget Sound coho population segment, a species of concern under the U. S. Endangered Species Act. Our spatial risk representation has numerous applications for urban growth management, coho conservation, and basin restoration (e. g., avoiding the unintentional creation of ecological traps). Moreover, the approach and tools are transferable to areas supporting coho throughout western North America. C1 [Feist, Blake E.; Buhle, Eric R.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Arnold, Paul; Davis, Jay W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA USA. RP Feist, BE (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM blake.feist@noaa.gov RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013; OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272; Feist, Blake/0000-0001-5215-4878 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; City of Seattle (Seattle Public Utilities); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - Region 10 FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Coastal Storms Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - National Contaminants Program; City of Seattle (Seattle Public Utilities); and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - Region 10. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 48 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 17 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 8 AR e23424 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0023424 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 810JJ UT WOS:000294121300045 PM 21858112 ER PT J AU Reyes, DR Hong, JS Elliott, JT Gaitan, M AF Reyes, Darwin R. Hong, Jennifer S. Elliott, John T. Gaitan, Michael TI Hybrid Cell Adhesive Material for Instant Dielectrophoretic Cell Trapping and Long-Term Cell Function Assessment SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID EMBRYONAL CARCINOMA-CELLS; POLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYERS; THIN-FILMS; MICROENVIRONMENTS; MEDIA AB Dielectrophoresis (DEP) for cell manipulation has focused, for the most part, on approaches for separation/enrichment of cells of interest. Advancements in cell positioning and immobilization onto substrates for cell culture, either as single cells or as cell aggregates, has benefited from the intensified research efforts in DEP (electroltinetic) manipulation. However, there has yet to be a DEP approach that provides the conditions for cell manipulation while promoting cell function processes such as cell differentiation. Here we present the first demonstration of a system that combines DEP with a hybrid cell adhesive material (hCAM) to allow for cell entrapment and cell function, as demonstrated by cell differentiation into neuronlike cells (NLCs). The hCAM, comprised of polyelectrolytes and fibronectin, was engineered to function as an instantaneous cell adhesive surface after DEP manipulation and to support long-term cell function (cell proliferation, induction, and differentiation). Pluripotent P19 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells flowing within a microchannel were attracted to the DEP electrode surface and remained adhered onto the hCAM coating under a fluid flow field after the DEP forces were removed. Cells remained viable after DEP manipulation for up to 8 d, during which time the P19 cells were induced to differentiate into NLCs. This approach could have further applications in areas such as cell-cell communication, three-dimensional cell aggregates to create cell microenvironments, and cell cocultures. C1 [Reyes, Darwin R.; Hong, Jennifer S.; Gaitan, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Elliott, John T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reyes, DR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8120, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM darwin.reyes@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU NIST FX This work was supported by the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science Cellular Biometrology Research Program. ITO electrodes and SU8 masters for microfluidic channels fabrication were performed at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology Nanofabrication facility in Gaithersburg, MD. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 16 PY 2011 VL 27 IS 16 BP 10027 EP 10034 DI 10.1021/la200762j PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 804OI UT WOS:000293662800048 PM 21702467 ER PT J AU Moncet, JL Liang, P Galantowicz, JF Lipton, AE Uymin, G Prigent, C Grassotti, C AF Moncet, Jean-Luc Liang, Pan Galantowicz, John F. Lipton, Alan E. Uymin, Gennady Prigent, Catherine Grassotti, Christopher TI Land surface microwave emissivities derived from AMSR-E and MODIS measurements with advanced quality control SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ISCCP; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION; MODELS AB A microwave emissivity database has been developed with data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E) and with ancillary land surface temperature (LST) data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the same Aqua spacecraft. The primary intended application of the database is to provide surface emissivity constraints in atmospheric and surface property retrieval or assimilation. An additional application is to serve as a dynamic indicator of land surface properties relevant to climate change monitoring. The precision of the emissivity data is estimated to be significantly better than in prior databases from other sensors due to the precise collocation with high-quality MODIS LST data and due to the quality control features of our data analysis system. The accuracy of the emissivities in deserts and semiarid regions is enhanced by applying, in those regions, a version of the emissivity retrieval algorithm that accounts for the penetration of microwave radiation through dry soil with diurnally varying vertical temperature gradients. These results suggest that this penetration effect is more widespread and more significant to interpretation of passive microwave measurements than had been previously established. Emissivity coverage in areas where persistent cloudiness interferes with the availability of MODIS LST data is achieved using a classification-based method to spread emissivity data from less-cloudy areas that have similar microwave surface properties. Evaluations and analyses of the emissivity products over homogeneous snow-free areas are presented, including application to retrieval of soil temperature profiles. Spatial inhomogeneities are the largest in the vicinity of large water bodies due to the large water/land emissivity contrast and give rise to large apparent temporal variability in the retrieved emissivities when satellite footprint locations vary over time. This issue will be dealt with in the future by including a water fraction correction. Also note that current reliance on the MODIS day-night algorithm as a source of LST limits the coverage of the database in the Polar Regions. We will consider relaxing the current restrictions as part of future development. C1 [Moncet, Jean-Luc; Liang, Pan; Galantowicz, John F.; Lipton, Alan E.; Uymin, Gennady] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Grassotti, Christopher] IM Syst Grp Inc, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Prigent, Catherine] CNRS, Lab Etud Rayonnement & Matiere Astrophys, Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Moncet, JL (reprint author), Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, 131 Hartwell Ave, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. EM jmoncet@aer.com FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH04CC43C] FX This paper is based upon work supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under contract NNH04CC43C issued through the Science Mission Directorate. We thank Z. Wan of the University of California at Santa Barbara for providing information about MODIS LST data, and for providing software for cloud filtering. Yuguang He performed software development in support of this work. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 16 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D16104 DI 10.1029/2010JD015429 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 810ME UT WOS:000294128600002 ER PT J AU Rakher, MT Ma, LJ Davanco, M Slattery, O Tang, X Srinivasan, K AF Rakher, Matthew T. Ma, Lijun Davanco, Marcelo Slattery, Oliver Tang, Xiao Srinivasan, Kartik TI Simultaneous Wavelength Translation and Amplitude Modulation of Single Photons from a Quantum Dot SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY UP-CONVERSION; PERIODICALLY POLED LINBO3; GENERATION; SYSTEM; CAVITY AB Hybrid quantum information devices that combine disparate physical systems interacting through photons offer the promise of combining low-loss telecommunications wavelength transmission with high fidelity visible wavelength storage and manipulation. The realization of such systems requires control over the waveform of single photons to achieve spectral and temporal matching. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the simultaneous wavelength translation and amplitude modulation of single photons generated by a quantum dot emitting near 1300 nm with an exponentially decaying waveform (lifetime approximate to 1.5 ns). Quasi-phase-matched sum-frequency generation with a pulsed 1550 nm laser creates single photons at 710 nm with a controlled amplitude modulation at 350 ps time scales. C1 [Rakher, Matthew T.; Davanco, Marcelo; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ma, Lijun; Slattery, Oliver; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davanco, Marcelo] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Rakher, MT (reprint author), Univ Basel, Dept Phys, Klingelbergstr 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. EM matthew.rakher@gmail.com RI Rakher, Matthew/C-2287-2011 OI Rakher, Matthew/0000-0002-4490-4197 NR 40 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2011 VL 107 IS 8 AR 083602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.083602 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 807SW UT WOS:000293921000009 PM 21929167 ER PT J AU Richardson, DE Hare, JA Fogarty, MJ Link, JS AF Richardson, David E. Hare, Jonathan A. Fogarty, Michael J. Link, Jason S. TI Role of egg predation by haddock in the decline of an Atlantic herring population SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE depensation; predator pit; population dynamics; fish recruitment ID US CONTINENTAL-SHELF; GADUS-MORHUA STOCK; CLUPEA-HARENGUS; FISH STOCKS; NORTH-SEA; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM; COD; RECRUITMENT; DYNAMICS AB Theoretical studies suggest that the abrupt and substantial changes in the productivity of some fisheries species may be explained by predation-driven alternate stable states in their population levels. With this hypothesis, an increase in fishing or a natural perturbation can drive a population from an upper to a lower stable-equilibrium population level. After fishing is reduced or the perturbation ended, this low population level can persist due to the regulatory effect of the predator. Although established in theoretical studies, there is limited empirical support for predation-driven alternate stable states in exploited marine fish populations. We present evidence that egg predation by haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) can cause alternate stable population levels in Georges Bank Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus). Egg predation by haddock explains a substantial decoupling of herring spawning stock biomass (an index of egg production) from observed larval herring abundance (an index of egg hatching). Estimated egg survival rates ranged from <2-70% from 1971 to 2005. A population model incorporating egg predation and herring fishing explains the major population trends of Georges Bank herring over four decades and predicts that, when the haddock population is high, seemingly conservative levels of fishing can still precipitate a severe decline in the herring population. These findings illustrate how efforts to rebuild fisheries can be undermined by not incorporating ecological interactions into fisheries models and management plans. C1 [Richardson, David E.; Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Fogarty, Michael J.; Link, Jason S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Richardson, DE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM david.richardson@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service [07-1] FX We thank R. Cowen, J. Deroba, M. Hauff, R. Langton, J. Llopiz, J. Manderson, and S. Sponaugle for reviewing an earlier draft of this paper and everyone who collected the ichthyoplankton, food habits and trawl survey data, and contributed to the herring and haddock stock assessments. J. Collie, A. Malek, and D. Byrne generously provided time-series data. This work was supported by National Marine Fisheries Service Fisheries and the Environment Grant 07-1. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 26 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 16 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 33 BP 13606 EP 13611 DI 10.1073/pnas.1015400108 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 807KC UT WOS:000293895100052 PM 21825166 ER PT J AU Birringer, RP Shaviv, R Geiss, RH Read, DT Dauskardt, RH AF Birringer, Ryan P. Shaviv, Roey Geiss, Roy H. Read, David T. Dauskardt, Reinhold H. TI Effects of barrier composition and electroplating chemistry on adhesion and voiding in copper/dielectric diffusion barrier films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERCONNECT STRUCTURES; STRESS-RELAXATION; CU; ELECTROMIGRATION; RELIABILITY; INTERFACE AB The effects of electroplating chemistry and dielectric diffusion barrier composition on copper voiding and barrier adhesion are reported. Adhesion was quantified using the four-point bend thin film adhesion technique, and voiding in the Cu films was quantified using scanning electron microscopy. A total of 12 different film stacks were investigated, including three different Cu electroplating chemistries and four different barrier materials (SiN, N-doped SiC, O-doped SiC, and dual-layer SiC). Both plating chemistry and barrier composition have a large effect on interface adhesion and voiding in the Cu film. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to investigate the segregation of Cu electroplating impurities, such as S and Cl, to the Cu/barrier interface. Secondary ion mass spectrometry was used to quantify oxygen content at the Cu/barrier interface in a subset of samples. This interface oxygen content is correlated with measured adhesion values. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3624659] C1 [Birringer, Ryan P.; Dauskardt, Reinhold H.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Shaviv, Roey] Novellus Syst Inc, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. [Geiss, Roy H.; Read, David T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dauskardt, RH (reprint author), 496 Lomita Mall,Durand Bldg,Off 121, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM dauskardt@stanford.edu FU SRC Task [1292.052] FX This research was supported by SRC Task 1292.052 (SRC Monitor: Dr. Jon Candelaria). This research is a partial contribution of the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology and is not subject to copyright in the U.S. X-ray film stress measurements were performed by Evans Analytical Group, 425 Round Rock West, Round Rock, TX 78681. Secondary ion mass spectrometry was performed by Evans Analytical Group, 810 Kifer Road, Sunnyvale, CA 94086. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2011 VL 110 IS 4 AR 044312 DI 10.1063/1.3624659 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 814VC UT WOS:000294484300139 ER PT J AU Zhang, JZ Huang, XL AF Zhang, Jia-Zhong Huang, Xiao-Lan TI Effect of Temperature and Salinity on Phosphate Sorption on Marine Sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-BOUND PHOSPHORUS; TROPHIC LAKE-SEDIMENTS; FLORIDA-BAY; DISSOLVED PHOSPHATE; WATER EXCHANGE; NATURAL-WATERS; ADSORPTION; LIMITATION; GOETHITE; ESTUARY AB Our previous studies on the phosphate sorption on sediments in Florida Bay at 25 degrees C in salinity 36 seawater revealed that the sorption capacity varies considerably within the bay but can be attributed to the content of sedimentary P and Fe. It is known that both temperature and salinity influence the sorption process and their natural variations are the greatest in estuaries. To provide useful sorption parameters for modeling phosphate cycle in Florida Bay, a systematic study was carried out to quantify the effects of salinity and temperature on phosphate sorption on sediments. For a given sample, the zero equilibrium phosphate concentration and the distribution coefficient were measured over a range of salinity (2-72) and temperature (15-35 degrees C) conditions. Such a suite of experiments with combinations of different temperature and salinity were performed for 14 selected stations that cover a range of sediment characteristics and geographic locations of the bay. Phosphate sorption was found to increase with increasing temperature or decreasing salinity and their effects depended upon sediment's exchangeable P content. This study provided the first estimate of the phosphate sorption parameters as a function of salinity and temperature in marine sediments. Incorporation of these parameters in water quality models will enable them to predict the effect of increasing freshwater input, as proposed by the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, on the seasonal cycle of phosphate in Florida Bay. C1 [Zhang, Jia-Zhong; Huang, Xiao-Lan] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ocean Chem Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Huang, Xiao-Lan] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Zhang, JZ (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ocean Chem Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jia-zhong.zhang@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008; Huang, XiaoLan/G-6306-2012; Huang (黄), Xiao-Lan (晓澜)/E-9159-2010 OI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556; Huang (黄), Xiao-Lan (晓澜)/0000-0002-3330-4858 FU NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research; South Florida Program; Cooperative Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) [NA67RJ0149] FX Financial support for this study was provided by NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research, South Florida Program to JZZ (PI). This research was carried out, in part, under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a joint institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, cooperative agreement #NA67RJ0149. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NOAA or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 38 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 16 BP 6831 EP 6837 DI 10.1021/es200867p PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 805VZ UT WOS:000293758400016 PM 21707091 ER PT J AU Weiner, J AF Weiner, John TI The electromagnetics of light transmission through subwavelength slits in metallic films SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID EXTRAORDINARY TRANSMISSION; ENHANCED TRANSMISSION; OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; ARRAYS; GRATINGS; DIFFRACTION; RESONANCES; APERTURE; SCREENS AB By numerically calculating the relevant electromagnetic fields and charge current densities, we show how local charges and currents near subwavelength structures govern light transmission through subwavelength apertures in a real metal film. The illumination of a single aperture generates surface waves; and in the case of slits, generates them with high efficiency and with a phase close to - pi with respect to a reference standing wave established at the metal film front facet. This phase shift is due to the direction of induced charge currents running within the slit walls. The surface waves on the entrance facet interfere with the standing wave. This interference controls the profile of the transmission through slit pairs as a function of their separation. We compare the calculated transmission profile for a two-slit array to simple interference models and measurements [Phys. Rev. B 77(11), 115411 (2008)]. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Weiner, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Weiner, John] Univ Sao Paulo, IFSC INOF, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. RP Weiner, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 6203, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM johweiner@gmail.com RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, IFSC/USP/M-2664-2016 FU University of Maryland Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics (IREAP); Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX D. Pacifici and H. Lezec are thanked for invaluable discussions. A two-year visiting fellowship from the University of Maryland Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics (IREAP) and the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 22 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 15 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 17 BP 16139 EP 16153 DI 10.1364/OE.19.016139 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 807KB UT WOS:000293894900051 PM 21934977 ER PT J AU Quinlan, F Fortier, TM Kirchner, MS Taylor, JA Thorpe, MJ Lemke, N Ludlow, AD Jiang, YY Diddams, SA AF Quinlan, Franklyn Fortier, Tara M. Kirchner, Matthew S. Taylor, Jennifer A. Thorpe, Michael J. Lemke, Nathan Ludlow, Andrew D. Jiang, Yanyi Diddams, Scott A. TI Ultralow phase noise microwave generation with an Er:fiber-based optical frequency divider SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIBER; COMB; SYNCHRONIZATION; SIGNALS AB We present an optical frequency divider based on a 200 MHz repetition rate Er: fiber mode-locked laser that, when locked to a stable optical frequency reference, generates microwave signals with absolute phase noise that is equal to or better than cryogenic microwave oscillators. At 1 Hz offset from a 10 GHz carrier, the phase noise is below -100 dBc/Hz, limited by the optical reference. For offset frequencies >10 kHz, the phase noise is shot noise limited at -145 dBc/Hz. An analysis of the contribution of the residual noise from the Er: fiber optical frequency divider is also presented. C1 [Quinlan, Franklyn; Fortier, Tara M.; Kirchner, Matthew S.; Taylor, Jennifer A.; Thorpe, Michael J.; Lemke, Nathan; Ludlow, Andrew D.; Jiang, Yanyi; Diddams, Scott A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Quinlan, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM fquinlan@boulder.nist.gov; sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Lemke, Nathan/L-9059-2013 OI Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX We thank L. Nugent-Glandorf, W. Swann, M. Diddams, and M. Hirano for their comments on and contributions to the manuscript. Financial support is provided by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). F. Quinlan is supported as an National Resource Council postdoctoral fellow. NR 17 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2011 VL 36 IS 16 BP 3260 EP 3262 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 807IT UT WOS:000293890800083 PM 21847227 ER PT J AU Klimczuk, T Wang, CH Lawrence, JM Xu, Q Durakiewicz, T Ronning, F Llobet, A Trouw, F Kurita, N Tokiwa, Y Lee, HO Booth, CH Gardner, JS Bauer, ED Joyce, JJ Zandbergen, HW Movshovich, R Cava, RJ Thompson, JD AF Klimczuk, T. Wang, C. H. Lawrence, J. M. Xu, Q. Durakiewicz, T. Ronning, F. Llobet, A. Trouw, F. Kurita, N. Tokiwa, Y. Lee, Han-oh Booth, C. H. Gardner, J. S. Bauer, E. D. Joyce, J. J. Zandbergen, H. W. Movshovich, R. Cava, R. J. Thompson, J. D. TI Crystal fields, disorder, and antiferromagnetic short-range order in Yb0.24Sn0.76Ru SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM CRITICAL-POINT; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SYSTEM AB We report extensive measurements on a new compound (Yb0.24Sn0.76) Ru that crystallizes in the cubic CsCl structure. Valence-band photoemission (PES) and L-3 x-ray absorption show no divalent component in the 4f configuration of Yb. Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) indicates that the eight-fold degenerate J-multiplet of Yb3+ is split by the crystalline electric field (CEF) into a Gamma(7)-doublet ground state and a Gamma(8) quartet at an excitation energy 20 meV. The magnetic susceptibility can be fit very well by this CEF scheme under the assumption that a Gamma(6)-excited state resides at 32 meV; however, the Gamma(8)/Gamma(6) transition expected at 12 meV was not observed in the INS. The resistivity follows a Bloch-Gruneisen law shunted by a parallel resistor, as is typical of systems subject to phonon scattering with no apparent magnetic scattering. All of these properties can be understood as representing simple local moment behavior of the trivalent Yb ion. At 1 K there is a peak in specific heat that is too broad to represent a magnetic-phase transition, consistent with absence of magnetic reflections in neutron diffraction. On the other hand this peak also is too narrow to represent the Kondo effect in the Gamma(7)-doublet ground state. On the basis of the field dependence of the specific heat, we argue that antiferromagnetic (AF) short-range order (SRO) (possibly coexisting with Kondo physics) occurs at low temperatures. The long-range magnetic order is suppressed because the Yb site occupancy is below the percolation threshold for this disordered compound. C1 [Klimczuk, T.; Durakiewicz, T.; Ronning, F.; Llobet, A.; Trouw, F.; Kurita, N.; Tokiwa, Y.; Lee, Han-oh; Bauer, E. D.; Joyce, J. J.; Movshovich, R.; Thompson, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Klimczuk, T.] European Commiss, JRC, Inst Transuranium Elements, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Wang, C. H.; Lawrence, J. M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Wang, C. H.; Zandbergen, H. W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Xu, Q.] Delft Inst Technol, Dept Nanosci, Natl Ctr HREM, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. [Xu, Q.] Univ Antwerp, EMAT, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. [Booth, C. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Klimczuk, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tomasz.klimczuk@ec.europa.eu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Llobet, Anna/B-1672-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Booth, Corwin/A-7877-2008; Klimczuk, Tomasz/M-1716-2013; Tokiwa, Yoshifumi/P-6593-2015; OI Klimczuk, Tomasz/0000-0003-2602-5049; Tokiwa, Yoshifumi/0000-0002-6294-7879; Durakiewicz, Tomasz/0000-0002-1980-1874; Ronning, Filip/0000-0002-2679-7957; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 FU US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-03ER46036]; US DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Office of Science, OBES, of the US DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0537588]; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; European Union [026019 ESTEEM] FX Work by the U C Irvine group was supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) under Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER46036. Work at Los Alamos was performed under the auspices of the US DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering. Work at ORNL was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US DOE. Work at LBNL was supported by the Director, Office of Science, OBES, of the US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work is based in part upon research conducted at the SRC, University of Wisconsin-Madison, which is supported by the National Science Foundation under Award No. DMR-0537588. This work has benefited from the use of HIPD at the Lujan Center at the LANSCE, funded by DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Union under the Framework 6 program under a contract for an Integrated Infrastructure Initiative; reference 026019 ESTEEM. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 7 AR 075152 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.075152 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 806SG UT WOS:000293830800003 ER PT J AU Greig, DJ Ylitalo, GM Wheeler, EA Boyd, D Gulland, FMD Yanagida, GK Harvey, JT Hall, AJ AF Greig, Denise J. Ylitalo, Gina M. Wheeler, Elizabeth A. Boyd, Daryle Gulland, Frances M. D. Yanagida, Gladys K. Harvey, James T. Hall, Ailsa J. TI Geography and stage of development affect persistent organic pollutants in stranded and wild-caught harbor seal pups from central California SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE PCB; DDT; PBDE; HCH; Phoca vitulina; Blubber ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; PHOCA-VITULINA; GREY SEALS; HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ELEPHANT SEALS; LACTATIONAL TRANSFER; PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; UNITED-KINGDOM AB Persistent organic pollutants have been associated with disease susceptibility and decreased immunity in marine mammals. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), chlordanes (CHLDs), and hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs) were evaluated in terms of stage of development and likely exposure routes (in utero, suckling, fasting) in the blubber of 202 stranded and wild-caught, primarily young of the year (n = 177), harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in the central California coast. This is the first report of HCH concentrations in the blubber of California seals. Lipid normalized concentrations ranged from 200 to 330,000 ng/g for sum PCBs, 320-1,500,000 ng/g for sum DDTs, 23-63,000 ng/g for sum PBDEs, 29-29,000 ng/g for sum CHLDs. and 2-780 ng/g for sum HCHs. The highest concentrations were observed in harbor seal pups that suckled in the wild and then lost mass during the post-weaning fast. Among the pups sampled in the wild and those released from rehabilitation, there were no differences in mass, blubber depth, or percent lipid although contaminant concentrations were significantly higher in the pups which nursed in the wild. When geographic differences were evaluated in a subset of newborn animals collected near their birth locations, the ratio of sum DDTs to sum PCBs was significantly greater in samples from an area with agricultural inputs (Monterey), than one with industrial inputs (San Francisco Bay). A principal components analysis distinguished between seals from San Francisco Bay and Monterey Bay based on specific PCB and PBDE congeners and DDT metabolites. These data illustrate the important influence of life stage, nutritional status, and location on blubber contaminant levels, and thus the need to consider these factors when interpreting single sample measurements in marine mammals. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Greig, Denise J.; Wheeler, Elizabeth A.; Gulland, Frances M. D.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Ylitalo, Gina M.; Boyd, Daryle; Yanagida, Gladys K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Harvey, James T.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Greig, Denise J.; Hall, Ailsa J.] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews, NB KY16 8LB, Canada. RP Greig, DJ (reprint author), Marine Mammal Ctr, 2000 Bunker Rd, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. EM GreigD@tmmc.org; Gina.Ylitalo@noaa.gov; WheelerL@tmmc.org; Daryle.Boyd@noaa.gov; GullandF@tmmc.org; Gladys.K.Yanagida@noaa.gov; harvey@mlml.calstate.edu; ajh7@st-andrews.ac.uk RI Hall, Ailsa/E-1596-2011 FU Valentine Family Foundation; John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program; Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program; NOAA Fisheries's Office of Protected Resources FX Funding was provided by the Valentine Family Foundation (DG salary), The John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program (sample collection and DG salary), and The Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program (sample analyses). None of the sponsors were involved in study design; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing the manuscript, or the decision to submit the paper for publication.; We thank everyone who helped with carcass retrieval, seal captures, and sampling including staff, volunteers, and interns from The Marine Mammal Center and Moss Landing Marine Labs, Point Reyes National Seashore, Fitzgerald Marine Reserve, California Academy of Science with special thanks to Tenaya Norris, Suzanne Manugian, Emily Andrews, Marjorie Boor, Sarah Allen, Sarah Codde, and Sarah Lenz. We appreciate the contaminant and data analyses provided by Bernie Anulacion, Richard Boyer, Jennie Bolton, Ron Pearce, Catherine Sloan and Karen Tilbury from NOAA Fisheries's Northwest Fisheries Science Center, and we are grateful to Catherine Sloan for improvements to the manuscript. Thanks to the Valentine Family Foundation, the John H Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program for funding sampling, sample analyses and salary for DG. For the contaminant and lipid analyses, we are grateful to Dr. Teri Rowles of the NOAA Fisheries's Office of Protected Resources for her financial support under the Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 15 PY 2011 VL 409 IS 18 BP 3537 EP 3547 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.047 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 799CC UT WOS:000293260100032 PM 21684582 ER PT J AU Bedner, M Duewer, DL AF Bedner, Mary Duewer, David L. TI Dynamic Calibration Approach for Determining Catechins and Gallic Acid in Green Tea Using LC-ESI/MS SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; IONIZATION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; MS-ELECTROSPRAY DETECTION; PURINE ALKALOIDS; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; HPLC METHOD AB Catechins and gallic acid are antioxidant constituents of Camellia sinensis, or green tea. Liquid chromatography with both ultraviolet (UV) absorbance and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (ESI/MS) detection was used to determine catechins and gallic acid in three green tea matrix materials that are commonly used as dietary supplements. The results from both detection modes were evaluated with 14 quantitation models, all of which were based on the analyte response relative to an internal standard. Half of the models were static, where quantitation was achieved with calibration factors that were constant over an analysis set. The other half were dynamic, with calibration factors calculated from interpolated response factor data at each time a sample was injected to correct for potential variations in analyte response over time. For all analytes, the relatively nonselective UV responses were found to be very stable over time and independent of the calibrant concentration; comparable results with low variability were obtained regardless of the quantitation model used. Conversely, the highly selective MS responses were found to vary both with time and as a function of the calibrant concentration. A dynamic quantitation model based on polynomial data-fitting was used to reduce the variability in the quantitative results using the MS data. C1 [Bedner, Mary; Duewer, David L.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bedner, M (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mary.bedner@nist.gov NR 29 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 8 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 16 BP 6169 EP 6176 DI 10.1021/ac200372d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 805WD UT WOS:000293758800009 PM 21780803 ER PT J AU Strychalski, EA Henry, AC Ross, D AF Strychalski, Elizabeth A. Henry, Alyssa C. Ross, David TI Expanding the Capabilities of Microfluidic Gradient Elution Moving Boundary Electrophoresis for Complex Samples SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION; DEVICES AB Gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis (GEMBE) is a robust, continuous injection separation technique that uses electrophoresis to drive electrically charged analytes into a capillary or microfluidic channel for detection, while opposing electroosmosis and controlled variable pressure-driven flow prevent other sample components for example, cells, proteins, or particulates in complex samples that can interfere with analysis from entering the channel. This work expands the sample-in/answer-out analytical capabilities of GEMBE for complex samples by demonstrating the quantitative analysis of anions, implementing aqueous background electrolyte (BGE) solutions at neutral pH, and introducing the use of additives to the sample solution to optimize performance. Dirt was analyzed quantitatively, with the sole preparatory step of suspension in an aqueous BGE solution at neutral pH, for dissolved chloride, nitrite, nitrate, sulfate, and oxalate using GEMBE with capacitively-coupled contactless conductivity detection. In addition to altering the pH of the BGE solution, optimization of the analysis of dirt and whole blood was achieved using various commercially available additives. These results, taken together with previous demonstrations of GEMBE for the analysis of complex samples, underscore the uncomplicated versatility of GEMBE, facilitate effective analysis of biological complex samples using BGE solutions at physiological pH, and offer a sufficient set of techniques and tools to build a foundation for the analysis of a broad range of complex samples. C1 [Strychalski, Elizabeth A.; Ross, David] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Henry, Alyssa C.] Appl Res Associates Inc, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Strychalski, EA (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8313, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elizabeth.strychalski@nist.gov FU National Research Council FX This work was performed while author E.A.S. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified to adequately specify the experimental procedure. Such identification implies neither recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 16 BP 6316 EP 6322 DI 10.1021/ac2011894 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 805WD UT WOS:000293758800029 PM 21766783 ER PT J AU Shi, W Wang, MH Li, XF Pichel, WG AF Shi, Wei Wang, Menghua Li, Xiaofeng Pichel, William G. TI Ocean sand ridge signatures in the Bohai Sea observed by satellite ocean color and synthetic aperture radar measurements SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Ocean sand ridges; Ocean color; SAR ID UNDERWATER BOTTOM TOPOGRAPHY; MULTISENSOR APPROACH; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; IMAGING MECHANISM; SEAWIFS; WATER; PRODUCTS; SEDIMENT; IMAGERY; CHINA AB Satellite measurements from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua platform are used to study the ocean sand ridges in the eastern Bohai Sea in China. Even though the imaging mechanisms for SAR and MODIS-Aqua remote sensing are different, the sand ridges are shown to have exactly the same patterns in images from both sensors. Therefore, the location, extension and coverage of the ocean sand ridges can be detected and cross-examined by both SAR and MODIS-Aqua observations. Satellite images show quite different sand ridge distribution pattern from the published bathymetry map (based on in situ data) that shows six sand ridges in the area. 10 finger-shaped sand ridges are identified from satellite observations. The tidal-current/sand-ridge interaction driven physical and optical changes are assessed and evaluated. The existence of sand ridges causes enhanced water diffuse attenuation coefficient K-d(490) and elevated normalized water-leaving radiance at the red and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. The sea surface over the sand ridges experiences significant seasonal variability of water turbidity and shows remarkable differences from nearby ocean regions. During winter, K-d(490) values are about 2-3 m(-1) over the ridges, while the maximum K-d(490) in the neighboring oceans is approximately 1.5 m(-1). In summer, the enhancement of the sea surface turbidity is less significant than that which occurs in winter. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Shi, Wei] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Shi, Wei] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Li, Xiaofeng] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E-RA3,Room 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010; chen, zhu/K-5923-2013; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU NASA; NOAA FX This research was supported by NASA and NOAA funding and grants. The MODIS L1B data were obtained from NASA/GSFC MODAPS Services website. The RADARSAT-1 SAR data were obtained from the Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF) as part of the NASA RADARSAT ADRO-2 program (RADARSAT-0011-0071) as well as via separate research proposals to ASF. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 50 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG 15 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 8 BP 1926 EP 1934 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.03.015 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 785NJ UT WOS:000292235400012 ER PT J AU Okkonen, SR Ashjian, CJ Campbell, RG Clarke, JT Moore, SE Taylor, KD AF Okkonen, Stephen R. Ashjian, Carin J. Campbell, Robert G. Clarke, Janet T. Moore, Sue E. Taylor, Kevin D. TI Satellite observations of circulation features associated with a bowhead whale feeding 'hotspot' near Barrow, Alaska SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Bowhead whales; Fronts; Synthetic aperture radar; Oceanography; Shelf break currents ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; ZOOPLANKTON AB Satellite images, along with oceanographic, meteorological, and whale aerial survey data, are used to illustrate aspects of ocean circulation associated with a bowhead whale feeding 'hotspot' near Barrow, Alaska. In response to weak winds, a strong front forms near the shelf-break along the southern edge of Barrow Canyon when the Alaska Coastal Current flows adjacent to the southern flank of Barrow Canyon or intrudes onto the western Beaufort shelf. This front is of particular local interest because it is indicative of aggregation and retention of zooplankton on the western Beaufort shelf and, as a result, is a locus for bowhead whales pausing to feed during their westward fall migration. Groups (4 or more individuals) of bowhead whales are primarily seen on the western Beaufort shelf following wind conditions that promote the formation of this front. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Okkonen, Stephen R.; Taylor, Kevin D.] Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Ashjian, Carin J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Campbell, Robert G.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Clarke, Janet T.] SAIC, Buckley, WA 98321 USA. [Moore, Sue E.] NOAA Fisheries Sci & Technol OERD2, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Okkonen, SR (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM okkonen@alaska.net RI chen, zhu/K-5923-2013 FU Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA08OAR4320751, NA17RJ1223]; University of Alaska; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Minerals Management Service (MMS) [0106RU39923, M08PG20021]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division FX This publication resulted from research sponsored by the Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research with funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under cooperative agreement NA08OAR4320751 with the University of Alaska and the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Ocean Research with funds from NOAA under cooperative agreement NA17RJ1223 with the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Support was also provided by the Minerals Management Service (MMS) through Interagency Agreements 0106RU39923 and M08PG20021 between the National Marine Fisheries Service and MMS. MONS images were provided by NASA/GSFC, MODIS Rapid Response. SAR data were processed by the Alaska Satellite Facility. Meteorological data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division. The Barrow Arctic Science Consortium provided logistic support at Barrow, both before and during the project. We thank the Barrow Whaling Captains Association, the Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission, the City of Barrow, and the North Slope Borough for their continuing support of this project. We recognize Chuck Monnett for his longstanding support and advocacy for BWASP and numerous observers, Dave Rugh in particular, who participated in the collection of BWASP data since 1982. We also thank the reviewers and Megan Ferguson, BWASP/COMIDA Program Coordinator, for providing comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Finally, we are grateful to Captain Bill Kopplin and co-Captain Randy Pollock of the R/V Annika Marie who contributed to the success of the oceanographic field work for this project NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG 15 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 8 BP 2168 EP 2174 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.04.024 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 785NJ UT WOS:000292235400032 ER PT J AU Long, DA Bielska, K Lisak, D Havey, DK Okumura, M Miller, CE Hodges, JT AF Long, David A. Bielska, Katarzyna Lisak, Daniel Havey, Daniel K. Okumura, Mitchio Miller, Charles E. Hodges, Joseph T. TI The air-broadened, near-infrared CO2 line shape in the spectrally isolated regime: Evidence of simultaneous Dicke narrowing and speed dependence SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION LIDAR; O-2 A-BAND; CONSTRAINED MULTISPECTRUM ANALYSIS; PRESSURE SHIFT COEFFICIENTS; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; MU-M REGION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; LINESHAPE MODELS; HIGH-RESOLUTION AB Frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy (FS-CRDS) was employed to measure air-broadened CO2 line shape parameters for transitions near 1.6 mu m over a pressure range of 6.7-33 kPa. The high sensitivity of FS-CRDS allowed for the first measurements in this wavelength range of air-broadened line shape parameters on samples with CO2 mixing ratios near those of the atmosphere. The measured air-broadening parameters show several percent deviations (0.9%-2.7%) from values found in the HITRAN 2008 database. Spectra were fit with a variety of models including the Voigt, Galatry, Nelkin-Ghatak, and speed-dependent Nelkin-Ghatak line profiles. Clear evidence of line narrowing was observed, which if unaccounted for can lead to several percent biases. Furthermore, it was observed that only the speed-dependent Nelkin-Ghatak line profile was able to model the spectra to within the instrumental noise level because of the concurrent effects of collisional narrowing and speed dependence of collisional broadening and shifting. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3624527] C1 [Hodges, Joseph T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Long, David A.; Okumura, Mitchio] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bielska, Katarzyna; Lisak, Daniel] Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Havey, Daniel K.] James Madison Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Miller, Charles E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hodges, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.hodges@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Okumura, Mitchio/I-3326-2013; Lisak, Daniel/E-1470-2014; Bielska, Katarzyna/G-4532-2014 OI Okumura, Mitchio/0000-0001-6874-1137; FU NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program; NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP); Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO); National Science Foundation; National Defense Science and Engineering; National Research Council at the National Institute of Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD; Polish MNISW [N N202 1255 35]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNG06GD88G, NNX09AE21G]; NASA Atmospheric Carbon Observations from Space (ACOS) [104127-04.02.02] FX David A. Long was supported by the National Science Foundation and National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowships. Daniel K. Havey was supported by a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship at the National Institute of Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, and Katarzyna Bielska and Daniel Lisak were supported by the Polish MNISW Project No. N N202 1255 35. Part of the research described in this paper was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Additional support was provided by the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) project, a NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) mission; the NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program grants NNG06GD88G and NNX09AE21G; the NASA Atmospheric Carbon Observations from Space (ACOS) grant 104127-04.02.02; and the NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program. NR 64 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 14 PY 2011 VL 135 IS 6 AR 064308 DI 10.1063/1.3624527 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 808DD UT WOS:000293955000018 PM 21842934 ER PT J AU McPhaden, MJ Lee, T McClurg, D AF McPhaden, M. J. Lee, T. McClurg, D. TI El Nino and its relationship to changing background conditions in the tropical Pacific Ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENSO; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; IMPACT AB This paper addresses the question of whether the increased occurrence of central Pacific (CP) versus Eastern Pacific (EP) El Ninos is consistent with greenhouse gas forced changes in the background state of the tropical Pacific as inferred from global climate change models. Our analysis uses high-quality satellite and in situ ocean data combined with wind data from atmospheric reanalyses for the past 31 years (1980-2010). We find changes in background conditions that are opposite to those expected from greenhouse gas forcing in climate models and opposite to what is expected if changes in the background state are mediating more frequent occurrences of CP El Ninos. A plausible interpretation of these results is that the character of El Nino over the past 31 years has varied naturally and that these variations projected onto changes in the background state because of the asymmetric spatial structures of CP and EP El Ni os. Citation: McPhaden, M. J., T. Lee, and D. McClurg (2011), El Nino and its relationship to changing background conditions in the tropical Pacific Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L15709, doi: 10.1029/2011GL048275. C1 [McPhaden, M. J.; McClurg, D.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lee, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP McPhaden, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM michael.j.mcphaden@noaa.gov RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 FU NOAA Climate Program Office, at the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) [NA17RJ1232]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; NASA FX This research was carried out at NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory with support from the NOAA Climate Program Office, at the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1232, and at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. This is PMEL publication 3732 and JISAO contribution 1879. NR 23 TC 138 Z9 140 U1 8 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L15709 DI 10.1029/2011GL048275 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 807PG UT WOS:000293911600005 ER PT J AU Fan, SM Dunne, JP AF Fan, Song-Miao Dunne, John P. TI Models of iron speciation and concentration in the stratified epipelagic ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; COASTAL PHYTOPLANKTON; COLLOIDAL IRON; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SEAWATER; KINETICS; FE(II); IONS; ACQUISITION; RADIOLYSIS AB Surface ocean iron speciation is simulated using a time-dependent box-model of light-mediated redox cycling over a range of aeolian inputs of soluble iron in the stratified epipelagic ocean. At steady-state, Dissolved iron (DFe) concentration increases with aeolian input of soluble iron up to 0.1 mu mol m(-2) d(-1), and is limited by the solubility of ferric hydroxide at higher fluxes which causes the formation of colloidal iron. We demonstrate that even in the presence of ample excess ligand, rapid conversion of dissolved iron between oxidized and reduced forms in the tropical surface ocean exposes DFe to colloid formation and scavenging. This result provides an explanation for the much smaller range of interregional variability in DFe measurements (0.05-0.4 nM) than soluble Fe fluxes (0.01-1 mu mol m(-2) d(-1)) and dust fluxes (0.1-10 g m(-2) yr(-1)) predicted by atmospheric models. We incorporate the critical behavior of the full chemical speciation model into a reduced, computationally efficient model suitable for large scale calculations. Citation: Fan, S.-M., and J. P. Dunne (2011), Models of iron speciation and concentration in the stratified epipelagic ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L15611, doi:10.1029/2011GL048219. C1 [Fan, Song-Miao; Dunne, John P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Fan, SM (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM songmiao.fan@noaa.gov RI Dunne, John/F-8086-2012 OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489 NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 12 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L15611 DI 10.1029/2011GL048219 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 807PF UT WOS:000293911500002 ER PT J AU Blatt, S Nicholson, TL Bloom, BJ Williams, JR Thomsen, JW Julienne, PS Ye, J AF Blatt, S. Nicholson, T. L. Bloom, B. J. Williams, J. R. Thomsen, J. W. Julienne, P. S. Ye, J. TI Measurement of Optical Feshbach Resonances in an Ideal Gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ULTRACOLD; LATTICE; LIGHT; PHOTOASSOCIATION; SUPPRESSION; SCATTERING; COLLISIONS; FERMIONS; ATOMS AB Using a narrow intercombination line in alkaline earth atoms to mitigate large inelastic losses, we explore the optical Feshbach resonance effect in an ultracold gas of bosonic (88)Sr. A systematic measurement of three resonances allows precise determinations of the optical Feshbach resonance strength and scaling law, in agreement with coupled-channel theory. Resonant enhancement of the complex scattering length leads to thermalization mediated by elastic and inelastic collisions in an otherwise ideal gas. Optical Feshbach resonance could be used to control atomic interactions with high spatial and temporal resolution. C1 [Blatt, S.; Nicholson, T. L.; Bloom, B. J.; Williams, J. R.; Thomsen, J. W.; Ye, J.] JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Blatt, S.; Nicholson, T. L.; Bloom, B. J.; Williams, J. R.; Thomsen, J. W.; Ye, J.] NIST, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Blatt, S.; Nicholson, T. L.; Bloom, B. J.; Williams, J. R.; Thomsen, J. W.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Julienne, P. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Julienne, P. S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Blatt, S (reprint author), JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Blatt, Sebastian/F-8986-2012; Bloom, Benjamin/J-4799-2012; Thomsen, Jan W./M-9087-2016; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012; OI Blatt, Sebastian/0000-0003-2466-9967; Bloom, Benjamin/0000-0001-6831-0601; Thomsen, Jan W./0000-0003-3423-6989; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442; Nicholson, Travis/0000-0002-0503-7991 FU NRC; DARPA OLE; NIST; NSF FX We thank C. Greene, P. Zoller, and G. Campbell for discussions and contributions. J.R.W. received support from an NRC fellowship. Our work is funded by DARPA OLE, NIST, and NSF. NR 32 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 12 PY 2011 VL 107 IS 7 AR 073202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.073202 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 808KO UT WOS:000293976800003 PM 21902391 ER PT J AU Solomon, S Daniel, JS Neely, RR Vernier, JP Dutton, EG Thomason, LW AF Solomon, S. Daniel, J. S. Neely, R. R., III Vernier, J. -P. Dutton, E. G. Thomason, L. W. TI The Persistently Variable "Background" Stratospheric Aerosol Layer and Global Climate Change SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAUNA-LOA AB Recent measurements demonstrate that the "background" stratospheric aerosol layer is persistently variable rather than constant, even in the absence of major volcanic eruptions. Several independent data sets show that stratospheric aerosols have increased in abundance since 2000. Near-global satellite aerosol data imply a negative radiative forcing due to stratospheric aerosol changes over this period of about -0.1 watt per square meter, reducing the recent global warming that would otherwise have occurred. Observations from earlier periods are limited but suggest an additional negative radiative forcing of about -0.1 watt per square meter from 1960 to 1990. Climate model projections neglecting these changes would continue to overestimate the radiative forcing and global warming in coming decades if these aerosols remain present at current values or increase. C1 [Solomon, S.; Daniel, J. S.; Neely, R. R., III] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Solomon, S.; Neely, R. R., III] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Vernier, J. -P.; Thomason, L. W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Vernier, J. -P.] Univ Paris 06, Univ Versailles St Quentin, Lab Atmospheres, CNRS,Inst Natl Sci Univers, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Neely, R. R., III; Dutton, E. G.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Neely, R. R., III] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Solomon, S (reprint author), NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM susan.solomon@colorado.edu RI Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Neely, Ryan/F-8702-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Neely, Ryan/0000-0003-4560-4812; Thomason, Larry/0000-0002-1902-0840 FU Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique at LATMOS/Universite de Versailles St Quentin; NOAA FX The satellite aerosol observations were analyzed by J.P.V. during his fellowship through the NASA Postdoctoral Program at Langley Research Center, administrated by Oak Ridge Associated Universities. It is also a part of his Ph.D. thesis financed by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique at LATMOS/Universite de Versailles St Quentin. The CALIPSO data were made available at the ICARE data center (www-icare.univ-lille1.fr/). The authors also acknowledge help from A. Hauchecorne, J. P. Pommereau, J. Pelon, and A. Garnier in the analysis of the GOMOS and CALIPSO data sets; J. Barnes for Mauna Loa lidar data; and C. Wehrli for Precision Filter Radiometer data. Funding has also been provided by the Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program of NOAA's Climate Program. Helpful discussions with J. Gregory and D. M. Murphy are gratefully acknowledged. NR 28 TC 187 Z9 196 U1 8 U2 76 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 12 PY 2011 VL 333 IS 6044 BP 866 EP 870 DI 10.1126/science.1206027 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 806DJ UT WOS:000293785400037 PM 21778361 ER PT J AU Hanks, EM Hooten, MB Johnson, DS Sterling, JT AF Hanks, Ephraim M. Hooten, Mevin B. Johnson, Devin S. Sterling, Jeremy T. TI Velocity-Based Movement Modeling for Individual and Population Level Inference SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ANIMAL MOVEMENT; REVERSIBLE JUMP; RESOURCE SELECTION; HABITAT PREFERENCE; TELEMETRY DATA; FRAMEWORK; ECOLOGY AB Understanding animal movement and resource selection provides important information about the ecology of the animal, but an animal's movement and behavior are not typically constant in time. We present a velocity-based approach for modeling animal movement in space and time that allows for temporal heterogeneity in an animal's response to the environment, allows for temporal irregularity in telemetry data, and accounts for the uncertainty in the location information. Population-level inference on movement patterns and resource selection can then be made through cluster analysis of the parameters related to movement and behavior. We illustrate this approach through a study of northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) movement in the Bering Sea, Alaska, USA. Results show sex differentiation, with female northern fur seals exhibiting stronger response to environmental variables. C1 [Hanks, Ephraim M.; Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Johnson, Devin S.; Sterling, Jeremy T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hanks, EM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM hanks@stat.colostate.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [AB133F-09-SE-4640]; U.S. Geological Survey [1434-06HQRU1555] FX Funding for this study was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration AB133F-09-SE-4640 and the U.S. Geological Survey 1434-06HQRU1555. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 31 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 11 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 8 AR e22795 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0022795 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 808CS UT WOS:000293953400014 PM 21931584 ER PT J AU Zhang, FQ Weng, YH Gamache, JF Marks, FD AF Zhang, Fuqing Weng, Yonghui Gamache, John F. Marks, Frank D. TI Performance of convection-permitting hurricane initialization and prediction during 2008-2010 with ensemble data assimilation of inner-core airborne Doppler radar observations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID KALMAN FILTER; INTENSITY; WIND AB This study examines a hurricane prediction system that uses an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to assimilate high-resolution airborne radar observations for convection-permitting hurricane initialization and forecasting. This system demonstrated very promising performance, especially on hurricane intensity forecasts, through experiments over all 61 applicable NOAA P-3 airborne Doppler missions during the 2008-2010 Atlantic hurricane seasons. The mean absolute intensity forecast errors initialized with the EnKF-analysis of the airborne Doppler observations at the 24- to 120-h lead forecast times were 20-40% lower than the National Hurricane Center's official forecasts issued at similar times. This prototype system was first implemented in real-time for Hurricane Ike (2008). It represents the first time that airborne Doppler radar observations were successfully assimilated in real-time into a hurricane prediction model. It also represents the first time that the convection-permitting ensemble analyses and forecasts for hurricanes were performed in real-time. Also unprecedented was the on-demand usage of more than 23,000 computer cluster processors simultaneously in real-time. Citation: Zhang, F., Y. Weng, J. F. Gamache, and F. D. Marks (2011), Performance of convection-permitting hurricane initialization and prediction during 2008-2010 with ensemble data assimilation of inner-core airborne Doppler radar observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L15810, doi:10.1029/2011GL048469. C1 [Zhang, Fuqing; Weng, Yonghui] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gamache, John F.; Marks, Frank D.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Zhang, FQ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM fzhang@psu.edu RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Zhang, Fuqing/E-6522-2010; Gamache, John/A-9702-2014 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Zhang, Fuqing/0000-0003-4860-9985; Gamache, John/0000-0001-5624-0378 FU ONR [N000140410471, N000140910526]; NOAA; NSF [0840651] FX We are grateful to ONR (grants N000140410471 and N000140910526), NOAA (grant under HFIP) and NSF (grant 0840651) for financial support, and the Texas Advance Computing Center (TACC) and NOAA/HFIP/T-Jet for computing resources and support. We benefit greatly from review comments by James Franklin. We also recognize the efforts of NOAA Aircraft Operations and AOML in flying the aircraft and operating the scientific equipment in the difficult environment of tropical cyclones. NR 19 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L15810 DI 10.1029/2011GL048469 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 807PD UT WOS:000293911300005 ER PT J AU Ospelkaus, C Warring, U Colombe, Y Brown, KR Amini, JM Leibfried, D Wineland, DJ AF Ospelkaus, C. Warring, U. Colombe, Y. Brown, K. R. Amini, J. M. Leibfried, D. Wineland, D. J. TI Microwave quantum logic gates for trapped ions SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC IONS; COMPUTATION; STATES; MOTION AB Control over physical systems at the quantum level is important in fields as diverse as metrology, information processing, simulation and chemistry. For trapped atomic ions, the quantized motional and internal degrees of freedom can be coherently manipulated with laser light(1,2). Similar control is difficult to achieve with radio-frequency or microwave radiation: the essential coupling between internal degrees of freedom and motion requires significant field changes over the extent of the atoms' motion(2,3), but such changes are negligible at these frequencies for freely propagating fields. An exception is in the near field of microwave currents in structures smaller than the free-space wavelength(4,5), where stronger gradients can be generated. Here we first manipulate coherently (on time-scales of 20 nanoseconds) the internal quantum states of ions held in a microfabricated trap. The controlling magnetic fields are generated by microwave currents in electrodes that are integrated into the trap structure. We also generate entanglement between the internal degrees of freedom of two atoms with a gate operation(4,6-8) suitable for general quantum computation(9); the entangled state has a fidelity of 0.76(3), where the uncertainty denotes standard error of the mean. Our approach, which involves integrating the quantum control mechanism into the trapping device in a scalable manner, could be applied to quantum information processing(4), simulation(5,10) and spectroscopy(3,11). C1 [Ospelkaus, C.; Warring, U.; Colombe, Y.; Brown, K. R.; Amini, J. M.; Leibfried, D.; Wineland, D. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ospelkaus, C (reprint author), Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Quantum Opt, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. EM christian.ospelkaus@iqo.uni-hannover.de RI Ospelkaus, Christian/C-3612-2009 OI Ospelkaus, Christian/0000-0002-4170-2936 FU IARPA; ONR; DARPA; NSA; Sandia National Laboratories; NIST FX We thank M. J. Biercuk, J. J. Bollinger and A. P. VanDevender for experimental assistance, J. C. Bergquist, C. W. Chou and T. Rosenband for the loan of a fibre laser, R. Jordens and E. Knill for comments on the manuscript, and D. Hanneke and J. P. Home for discussions. We thank P. Treutlein for discussions on microfabrication techniques. This work was supported by IARPA, the ONR, DARPA, the NSA, Sandia National Laboratories and the NIST Quantum Information Program. This paper, a submission of NIST, is not subject to US copyright. NR 33 TC 126 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 35 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 11 PY 2011 VL 476 IS 7359 BP 181 EP U77 DI 10.1038/nature10290 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 805MU UT WOS:000293731900030 PM 21833084 ER PT J AU Aydin, M Verhulst, KR Saltzman, ES Battle, MO Montzka, SA Blake, DR Tang, Q Prather, MJ AF Aydin, Murat Verhulst, Kristal R. Saltzman, Eric S. Battle, Mark O. Montzka, Stephen A. Blake, Donald R. Tang, Qi Prather, Michael J. TI Recent decreases in fossil-fuel emissions of ethane and methane derived from firn air SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC HYDROXYL; VARIABILITY; BUDGET AB Methane and ethane are the most abundant hydrocarbons in the atmosphere and they affect both atmospheric chemistry and climate. Both gases are emitted from fossil fuels and biomass burning, whereas methane (CH(4)) alone has large sources from wetlands, agriculture, landfills and waste water. Here we use measurements in firn (perennial snowpack) air from Greenland and Antarctica to reconstruct the atmospheric variability of ethane (C(2)H(6)) during the twentieth century. Ethane levels rose from early in the century until the 1980s, when the trend reversed, with a period of decline over the next 20 years. We find that this variability was primarily driven by changes in ethane emissions from fossil fuels; these emissions peaked in the 1960s and 1970s at 14-16 teragrams per year (1 Tg = 10(12) g) and dropped to 8-10 Tg yr(-1) by the turn of the century. The reduction in fossil-fuel sources is probably related to changes in light hydrocarbon emissions associated with petroleum production and use. The ethane-based fossil-fuel emission history is strikingly different from bottom-up estimates of methane emissions from fossil-fuel use(1,2), and implies that the fossil-fuel source of methane started to decline in the 1980s and probably caused the late twentieth century slow-down in the growth rate of atmospheric methane(3,4). C1 [Aydin, Murat; Verhulst, Kristal R.; Saltzman, Eric S.; Blake, Donald R.; Tang, Qi; Prather, Michael J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Battle, Mark O.] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Montzka, Stephen A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Labs, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Aydin, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM maydin@uci.edu RI Tang, Qi/C-1032-2011; OI Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU National Science Foundation [ANT-0739598, ANT-0440602, ANT-0440509, ARC-0520460]; NASA [NAG58935] FX We thank T. Sowers, M. Drier and ICDS drillers for support during firn-air sampling and drilling in the field, and T. Sowers for discussions during preparation of the manuscript. We thank M. Bender and J. Severinghaus for 15N measurements in firn air, S. Meinardi for ethane measurements in surface flasks, and P. Tans and P. Lang for firn-air CO2 data. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grants ANT-0739598, ANT-0440602, ANT-0440509, ARC-0520460) and NASA (grant NAG58935). NR 30 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 11 U2 69 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 11 PY 2011 VL 476 IS 7359 BP 198 EP 201 DI 10.1038/nature10352 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 805MU UT WOS:000293731900034 PM 21833087 ER PT J AU Xu, ZJ Wen, JS Xu, GY Chi, SX Ku, W Gu, GD Tranquada, JM AF Xu, Zhijun Wen, Jinsheng Xu, Guangyong Chi, Songxue Ku, Wei Gu, Genda Tranquada, J. M. TI Local-moment magnetism in superconducting FeTe0.35Se0.65 as seen via inelastic neutron scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SPIN DYNAMICS; EXCITATIONS; COEXISTENCE; ITINERANT; ELECTRONS; STATE; ORDER AB The nature of the magnetic correlations in Fe-based superconductors remains a matter of controversy. To address this issue, we use inelastic neutron scattering to characterize the strength and temperature dependence of low-energy spin fluctuations in FeTe0.35Se0.65 (T-c similar to 14 K). Integrating magnetic spectral weight for energies up to 12 meV, we find a substantial moment (< M-2 >(LE) similar to 0.07 mu(2)(B)/Fe) that shows little change with temperature, from below T-c to 300 K. Such behavior cannot be explained by the response of conduction electrons alone; states much farther from the Fermi energy must have an instantaneous local spin polarization. It raises interesting questions regarding the formation of the spin gap and resonance peak in the superconducting state. C1 [Xu, Zhijun; Wen, Jinsheng; Xu, Guangyong; Ku, Wei; Gu, Genda; Tranquada, J. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Xu, Zhijun] CUNY City Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10033 USA. [Wen, Jinsheng] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Chi, Songxue] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, ZJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; Wen, Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; xu, zhijun/A-3264-2013; Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013 OI Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; Wen, Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466; Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; xu, zhijun/0000-0001-7486-2015; Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Center for Emergent Superconductivity, an Energy Frontier Research Center FX We thank Weiguo Yin and Igor Zaliznyak for useful discussions. This work is supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. J.S.W. and Z.J.X. are supported by the same source through the Center for Emergent Superconductivity, an Energy Frontier Research Center. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 11 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 5 AR 052506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.052506 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 806AR UT WOS:000293773800001 ER PT J AU Orkin, VL Khamaganov, VG Martynova, LE Kurylo, MJ AF Orkin, Vladimir L. Khamaganov, Victor G. Martynova, Larissa E. Kurylo, Michael J. TI High-Accuracy Measurements of OH center dot Reaction Rate Constants and IR and UV Absorption Spectra: Ethanol and Partially Fluorinated Ethyl Alcohols SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS; RELATIVE RATE CONSTANTS; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; N-PROPYL BROMIDE; HYDROXYL RADICALS; ALIPHATIC-ALCOHOLS; ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIMES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE AB Rate constants for the gas phase reactions of OH center dot radicals with ethanol and three fluorinated ethyl alcohols, CH3CH2OH (k(0)), CH2FCH2OH (k(2)), CHF2CH2OH (k(2)), and CF3CH2OH (k(3)) were measured using a flash photolysis resonance-fluorescence technique over the temperature range 220 to 370 K. The Arrhenius plots were found to exhibit noticeable curvature for all four reactions. The temperature dependences of the rate constants can be represented by the following expressions over the indicated temperature intervals: k(0)(220-370 = 5.98 x 10(-13)(T/298)(1.99) exp(+515/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), k(0)(220-298 = (3.35 +/- 0.06) x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) [for atmospheric modeling purposes, k(0)(T) is essentially temperature-independent below room temperature, k(0)(220-298 = (3.35 +/- 0.06) x 10(-12) cm molecule(-1) s(-1)], k(1)(230-370 K) = 3.47 x 10(14)(T/298)(4.49) exp(+977/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), k(2)(220-370 = 3.87 x 10(14)(T/298)(4.25) exp(+578/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and k(3)(220-370 = 2.48 x 10(-14)(T/298)(4.03) exp (+418/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The atmospheric lifetimes due to reactions with tropospheric OH center dot were estimated to be 4, 16, 62, and 171 days, respectively, under the assumption atmosphere. UV absorption cross sections of all four ethanols were measured between 160 and 215 mn. The IR absorption cross sections of the three fluorinated ethanols were measured between 400 and 1900 cm(-1), and their global warming potentials were estimated. C1 [Orkin, Vladimir L.; Khamaganov, Victor G.; Martynova, Larissa E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kurylo, Michael J.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res GESTAR Program, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Orkin, VL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vladimir.orkin@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Kurylo, Michael/H-2201-2012 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NIST Measurement Services Advisory Group; NATO CLG [ESP.EAP. CLG.983035, EST.CLG979421] FX The authors thank Dr. Jay H. Hendricks for the timely manometer calibration to the NIST pressure standard. This work was supported by the Upper Atmosphere Research Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and NIST Measurement Services Advisory Group. V.L.O. acknowledges the support of the NATO CLG Program, Grants ESP.EAP. CLG.983035 and EST.CLG979421. NR 53 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 11 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 31 BP 8656 EP 8668 DI 10.1021/jp202099t PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 801EN UT WOS:000293419900011 PM 21710989 ER PT J AU Robey, SW Dutton, GJ AF Robey, S. W. Dutton, G. J. TI Potassium-Induced Charge Transfer Effects in Oligo(-phenylene ethynylene)-Based Molecular Layers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE; FERMI-LEVEL ALIGNMENT; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PHOTOEMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; COPPER-PHTHALOCYANINE; AU(111) SURFACES; THIN-FILMS; METAL; CONDUCTANCE AB Charge transport behavior in molecular monolayers based on oligo-(phenylene ethynylene)s (OPEs) shows distinct variations with substitutions on the OPE framework. Explanations of this dependence often center on the impact of the substituted group's electron affinity on charge transfer effects. To examine these effects, we used ultraviolet photoemission to follow changes in the electronic structure of OPE-based thiol-linked self-assembled monolayers induced by charge transfer doping with potassium. The impact of OPE (C(6)H(5)-C C-C(6)H(4)-C C-C(6)H(5)-SH) versus -NO(2)-substituted OPE (NO(2)-OPE, C(6)H(5)-C C-C(6)H(3)NO(2)-C C-C(6)H(5)-SH) on the electronic structure modifications was compared for a range of K additions. Addition of less than 0.5 K/molecule to self-assembled monolayers produced rigid shifts of molecular levels by about 0.5 eV for both monolayers, with larger shifts at lower K addition for NO(2)-OPE. Continued addition of K leads to increased shifts for OPE, while saturation of the effect was observed for NO(2)-OPE. Incorporation of K beyond about 2 K atoms per OPE or NO(2)-OPE leads to an additional structure, broadening, and changes in the relative spacing between molecular levels probably indicating distortion in the monolayer and also of the molecular backbone. The results show clear influence of -NO(2) substitution on K-induced charge transfer effects. The coupled impact of K-induced charge transfer and electrostatic effects from K counterions on molecular level energies is discussed and compared to recent theoretical work. C1 [Robey, S. W.; Dutton, G. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Robey, SW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.robey@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Dutton, Gregory/J-8870-2016 OI Dutton, Gregory/0000-0002-1483-604X NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 11 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 31 BP 15425 EP 15431 DI 10.1021/jp203190a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 801EM UT WOS:000293419700040 ER PT J AU Crivat, G Tokumasu, F Sa, JM Hwang, J Wellems, TE AF Crivat, Georgeta Tokumasu, Fuyuki Sa, Juliana Martha Hwang, Jeeseong Wellems, Thomas E. TI Tetracysteine-Based Fluorescent Tags to Study Protein Localization and Trafficking in Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Erythrocytes SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LIVING CELLS; LIVE CELLS; MEMBRANE PROTEIN-1; HOST ERYTHROCYTE; CYTOADHERENCE; GREEN; EXPRESSION; VIRULENCE; SURFACE; PFEMP1 AB Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria parasites remodel host erythrocytes by placing membranous structures in the host cell cytoplasm and inserting proteins into the surrounding erythrocyte membranes. Dynamic imaging techniques with high spatial and temporal resolutions are required to study the trafficking pathways of proteins and the time courses of their delivery to the host erythrocyte membrane. Methodology and Findings: Using a tetracysteine (TC) motif tag and TC-binding biarsenical fluorophores (BAFs) including fluorescein arsenical hairpin (FlAsH) and resorufin arsenical hairpin (ReAsH), we detected knob-associated histidine-rich protein (KAHRP) constructs in Pf-parasitized erythrocytes and compared their fluorescence signals to those of GFP (green fluorescent protein)-tagged KAHRP. Rigorous treatment with BAL (2, 3 dimercaptopropanol; British anti-Lewisite) was required to reduce high background due to nonspecific BAF interactions with endogenous cysteine-rich proteins. After this background reduction, similar patterns of fluorescence were obtained from the TC- and GFP-tagged proteins. The fluorescence from FlAsH and ReAsH-labeled protein bleached at faster rates than the fluorescence from GFP-labeled protein. Conclusion: While TC/BAF labeling to Pf-infected erythrocytes is presently limited by high background signals, it may offer a useful complement or alternative to GFP labeling methods. Our observations are in agreement with the currently-accepted model of KAHRP movement through the cytoplasm, including transient association of KAHRP with Maurer's clefts before its incorporation into knobs in the host erythrocyte membrane. C1 [Crivat, Georgeta; Tokumasu, Fuyuki; Sa, Juliana Martha; Wellems, Thomas E.] NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, Malaria Genet Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Crivat, Georgeta; Hwang, Jeeseong] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Biophys Grp, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Crivat, G (reprint author), NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, Malaria Genet Sect, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM twellems@niaid.nih.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; OI Tokumasu, Fuyuki/0000-0003-2790-1071 FU National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); National Research Council at NIST; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering of the NIH FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and by the Innovations in Measurement Science program of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). GC held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIH); funding for the award was provided by NIST and the Intramural Program of the National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering of the NIH. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 10 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 8 AR e22975 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0022975 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 827UM UT WOS:000295454200030 PM 21860664 ER PT J AU Lirman, D Schopmeyer, S Manzello, D Gramer, LJ Precht, WF Muller-Karger, F Banks, K Barnes, B Bartels, E Bourque, A Byrne, J Donahue, S Duquesnel, J Fisher, L Gilliam, D Hendee, J Johnson, M Maxwell, K McDevitt, E Monty, J Rueda, D Ruzicka, R Thanner, S AF Lirman, Diego Schopmeyer, Stephanie Manzello, Derek Gramer, Lewis J. Precht, William F. Muller-Karger, Frank Banks, Kenneth Barnes, Brian Bartels, Erich Bourque, Amanda Byrne, James Donahue, Scott Duquesnel, Janice Fisher, Louis Gilliam, David Hendee, James Johnson, Meaghan Maxwell, Kerry McDevitt, Erin Monty, Jamie Rueda, Digna Ruzicka, Rob Thanner, Sara TI Severe 2010 Cold-Water Event Caused Unprecedented Mortality to Corals of the Florida Reef Tract and Reversed Previous Survivorship Patterns SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS; CALCIFICATION RATE; LOW-TEMPERATURES; BUILDING CORALS; DRY TORTUGAS; STRESS; COMMUNITIES; KEYS; TOLERANCE; SURVIVAL AB Background: Coral reefs are facing increasing pressure from natural and anthropogenic stressors that have already caused significant worldwide declines. In January 2010, coral reefs of Florida, United States, were impacted by an extreme cold-water anomaly that exposed corals to temperatures well below their reported thresholds (16 degrees C), causing rapid coral mortality unprecedented in spatial extent and severity. Methodology/Principal Findings: Reef surveys were conducted from Martin County to the Lower Florida Keys within weeks of the anomaly. The impacts recorded were catastrophic and exceeded those of any previous disturbances in the region. Coral mortality patterns were directly correlated to in-situ and satellite-derived cold-temperature metrics. These impacts rival, in spatial extent and intensity, the impacts of the well-publicized warm-water bleaching events around the globe. The mean percent coral mortality recorded for all species and subregions was 11.5% in the 2010 winter, compared to 0.5% recorded in the previous five summers, including years like 2005 where warm-water bleaching was prevalent. Highest mean mortality (15%-39%) was documented for inshore habitats where temperatures were < 11 degrees C for prolonged periods. Increases in mortality from previous years were significant for 21 of 25 coral species, and were 1-2 orders of magnitude higher for most species. Conclusions/Significance: The cold-water anomaly of January 2010 caused the worst coral mortality on record for the Florida Reef Tract, highlighting the potential catastrophic impacts that unusual but extreme climatic events can have on the persistence of coral reefs. Moreover, habitats and species most severely affected were those found in high-coral cover, inshore, shallow reef habitats previously considered the "oases" of the region, having escaped declining patterns observed for more offshore habitats. Thus, the 2010 cold-water anomaly not only caused widespread coral mortality but also reversed prior resistance and resilience patterns that will take decades to recover. C1 [Lirman, Diego; Schopmeyer, Stephanie] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Manzello, Derek; Gramer, Lewis J.; Hendee, James] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Precht, William F.] NOAA, Key Largo, FL USA. [Muller-Karger, Frank; Barnes, Brian; Rueda, Digna] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, Inst Marine Remote Sensing IMaRS, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Banks, Kenneth] Broward Cty Nat Resources Planning & Management D, Plantation, FL USA. [Bartels, Erich] Ctr Coral Reef Res, Mote Marine Lab, Summerland Key, FL USA. [Bourque, Amanda] Biscayne Natl Pk, Homestead, FL USA. [Byrne, James; Johnson, Meaghan] Nature Conservancy, Summerland Key, FL USA. [Donahue, Scott] NOAA, Key West, FL USA. [Duquesnel, Janice] Florida Pk Serv, Islamorada, FL USA. [Fisher, Louis] Broward Cty Environm Protect & Growth Management, Plantation, FL USA. [Gilliam, David] Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Natl Coral Reef Inst, Dania, FL USA. [Maxwell, Kerry] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Marathon, FL USA. [McDevitt, Erin] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, W Palm Beach, FL USA. [Monty, Jamie] Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Florida Dept Environm Protect, Coral Reef Conservat Program, Miami, FL USA. [Ruzicka, Rob] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Thanner, Sara] Dept Environm Resources Management, Miami, FL USA. RP Lirman, D (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM dlirman@rsmas.miami.edu RI Gramer, Lewis/A-5620-2010; Hendee, James/E-6358-2010; Manzello, Derek/A-8661-2014 OI Gramer, Lewis/0000-0003-4772-1991; Hendee, James/0000-0002-4799-5354; Manzello, Derek/0000-0002-0720-3041 FU NOAA; Nature Conservancy; ARRA program FX This publication was made possible with support from NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program, The Nature Conservancy, and the ARRA program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 72 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 30 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 10 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 8 AR e23047 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0023047 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 827UM UT WOS:000295454200037 PM 21853066 ER PT J AU Swaminathan, P Burke, BG Holness, AE Wilthan, B Hanssen, L Weihs, TP LaVan, DA AF Swaminathan, P. Burke, B. G. Holness, A. E. Wilthan, B. Hanssen, L. Weihs, T. P. LaVan, D. A. TI Optical calibration for nanocalorimeter measurements SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Nanocalorimetry; Nanocalorimeter; Platinum emissivity; Thin film; Melting point; Calibration ID CALORIMETER; EMISSIVITY AB We describe a method for calibration of nanocalorimeters from 573 K to 873 K, using resistive heating and optical pyrometry for temperature measurement. A platinum strip suspended on a silicon nitride membrane serves as both heater and temperature sensor. The calibration described here, relating resistance to temperature, enables subsequent temperature measurement. Measurements of the emissivity of as-deposited and annealed platinum thin films were also performed as a function of wavelength and temperature; these measurements are needed to correct the temperature recorded using the pyrometer. The calibration was validated by measurement of the melting point of a pure aluminum film: the melting point established with a Gaussian fit to the dT/dt data agreed within 0.1%(0.7 K) at 933.5 K. The melting point established from the minimum in the dT/dt plot agreed within 0.6% (5.5 K) at 933.5K. Finite element modeling was used to characterize the temperature distribution. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Swaminathan, P.; Weihs, T. P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Swaminathan, P.; Burke, B. G.; Holness, A. E.; LaVan, D. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wilthan, B.; Hanssen, L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Weihs, TP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM weihs@jhu.edu; david.lavan@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; LaVan, David/C-3943-2012; Weihs, Timothy/A-3313-2010 OI LaVan, David/0000-0002-1952-0028; FU NIST [70NANB9H9146]; National Science Foundation, Division of Materials Research [DMR-0648986] FX Research is supported in part by NIST Grant 70NANB9H9146. A. Holness was supported in part by the National Science Foundation's Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program, Division of Materials Research (DMR-0648986). We thank S.C. Barron for useful discussions. Research is performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science & Technology. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD AUG 10 PY 2011 VL 522 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 60 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.tca.2011.03.006 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 816JG UT WOS:000294593900009 ER PT J AU Percec, V Peterca, M Tadjiev, T Zeng, XB Ungar, G Leowanawat, P Aqad, E Imam, MR Rosen, BM Akbey, U Graf, R Sekharan, S Sebastiani, D Spiess, HW Heiney, PA Hudson, SD AF Percec, Virgil Peterca, Mihai Tadjiev, Timur Zeng, Xiangbing Ungar, Goran Leowanawat, Pawaret Aqad, Emad Imam, Mohammad R. Rosen, Brad M. Akbey, Umit Graf, Robert Sekharan, Sivakumar Sebastiani, Daniel Spiess, Hans W. Heiney, Paul A. Hudson, Steven D. TI Self-Assembly of Dendronized Perylene Bisimides into Complex Helical Columns SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYETHERS; SOLID-STATE-NMR; SUPRAMOLECULAR DENDRIMERS; CONFORMATIONAL ISOMERISM; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; METHYLENE UNITS; THERMOTROPIC POLYETHERS; THERMODYNAMIC CONTROL; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; FLEXIBLE SPACERS AB The synthesis of perylene 3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic acid bisimides (PBIs) dendronized with first-generation dendrons containing 0 to 4 methylenic units (m) between the imide group and the dendron, (3,4,5)12G1-m-PBI, is reported. Structural analysis of their self-organized arrays by DSC, X-ray diffraction, molecular modeling, and solid-state H-1 NMR was carried out on oriented samples with heating and cooling rates of 20 to 0.2 degrees C/min. At high temperature, (3,4,5)12G1-m-PBI self-assemble into 2D-hexagonal columnar phases with intracolumnar order. At low temperature, they form orthorhombic (m = 0, 2, 3, 4) and monoclinic (m = 1) columnar arrays with 3D periodicity. The orthorhombic phase has symmetry close to hexagonal. For m = 0, 2, 3, 4,they consist of tetramers as basic units. The tetramers contain a pair of two molecules arranged side by side and another pair in the next stratum of the column, turned upside-down and rotated around the column axis at different angles for different m. In contrast, for m = 1, there is only one molecule in each stratum, with a four-strata 21 helical repeat. All molecules face up in one column, and down in the second column, of the monoclinic cell. This allows close and extended pi-stacking, unlike in the disruptive up-down alteration from the case of m = 0, 2, 3, 4. Most of the 3D structures were observed only by cooling at rates of 1 degrees C/min or less. This complex helical self-assembly is representative for other classes of dendronized PBIs investigated for organic electronics and solar cells. C1 [Percec, Virgil; Peterca, Mihai; Leowanawat, Pawaret; Aqad, Emad; Imam, Mohammad R.; Rosen, Brad M.] Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Roy & Diana Vagelos Labs, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Peterca, Mihai; Heiney, Paul A.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Akbey, Umit; Graf, Robert; Sekharan, Sivakumar; Sebastiani, Daniel; Spiess, Hans W.] Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Tadjiev, Timur; Zeng, Xiangbing; Ungar, Goran] Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Engn & Sci, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. [Hudson, Steven D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ungar, Goran] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, WCU C2E2, Seoul 151744, South Korea. RP Percec, V (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Roy & Diana Vagelos Labs, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM percec@sas.upenn.edu RI Sebastiani, Daniel/B-4670-2008; Peterca, Mihai/C-9504-2009; Spiess, Hans Wolfgang/G-6777-2011; Sekharan, Sivakumar/A-6639-2010; Akbey, Umit/I-9351-2012; Percec, Virgil/H-6316-2014; Imam, Mohammad/E-3787-2015 OI Sebastiani, Daniel/0000-0003-2240-3938; Peterca, Mihai/0000-0002-7247-4008; Spiess, Hans Wolfgang/0000-0002-4779-654X; Percec, Virgil/0000-0001-5926-0489; Imam, Mohammad/0000-0003-0794-3725 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0548559, DMR-0520020, DMR-1066116, DMS-0935165]; P. Roy Vagelos Chair at Penn; ACS Division of Organic Chemistry (Roche); German Research Foundation (DFG) [SFB 625, Se 1008/55]; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [R31-10013] FX Financial support by the National Science Foundation (DMR-0548559, DMR-0520020, DMR-1066116, and DMS-0935165) and the P. Roy Vagelos Chair at Penn are gratefully acknowledged. B.M.R. gratefully acknowledges funding from an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and an ACS Division of Organic Chemistry Graduate Fellowship (Roche). This work was also financially supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) through grants SFB 625 and Se 1008/55 and by the WCU program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (R31-10013). We thank Drs. Nick Terrill and Jen Hiller of Diamond Light Source for help with the synchrotron experiments. NR 88 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 99 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2011 VL 133 IS 31 BP 12197 EP 12219 DI 10.1021/ja204366b PG 23 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 805ZA UT WOS:000293768400065 PM 21699258 ER PT J AU Wilkinson, PR Pratt, JR AF Wilkinson, Paul R. Pratt, Jon R. TI Analytical model for low finesse, external cavity, fiber Fabry-Perot interferometers including multiple reflections and angular misalignment SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPE; SENSORS AB We present an analytical model for single mode, multiply reflected, external cavity, optical fiber Fabry-Perot interferometers in the low finesse regime using simple geometry and the Gaussian beam approximation. The multiple reflection model predicts attenuation of the peak-to-peak interference as the fiber to mirror distance approaches zero, as well as fringe asymmetry in the presence of nonabsorbing mirrors. A series of experiments are conducted in which a series of fiber Fabry-Perot cavities are constructed using uncoated, single mode glass fibers, and mirrors of varying reflectivity. The cavity length is swept, and the predictions of the model are found to be in good agreement with the experimental interferograms. C1 [Wilkinson, Paul R.; Pratt, Jon R.] NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wilkinson, PR (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pwilkinson@nist.gov FU National Research Council FX Paul Wilkinson is funded through the National Research Council as a National Institute of Standards and Technology NRC Postdoctoral Fellow. The authors would like to thank Gordon Shaw for insightful discussions pertinent to this work. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 10 PY 2011 VL 50 IS 23 BP 4671 EP 4680 DI 10.1364/AO.50.004671 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 805MP UT WOS:000293731300015 PM 21833146 ER PT J AU Dumas, RK Fang, YY Kirby, BJ Zha, CL Bonanni, V Nogues, J Akerman, J AF Dumas, Randy K. Fang, Yeyu Kirby, B. J. Zha, Chaolin Bonanni, Valentina Nogues, Josep Akerman, Johan TI Probing vertically graded anisotropy in FePtCu films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE-SPRING MAGNET; CU AB Field-dependent polarized neutron reflectivity (PNR) and magnetometry are employed to study the magnetic properties of compositionally uniform and graded FePtCu films as a function of annealing temperature (T(A)). The PNR results are able to directly probe the compositional and anisotropy variations through the film thickness. Further details about how the reversal mechanisms evolve are then elucidated by using a first-order reversal curve technique. The reversal of the graded sample annealed at 300 degrees C occurs by an initial rapid switching of the dominant soft A1 phase toward the surface of the film, followed by the gradual reversal of the residual hard phase components toward the bottom. This indicates that the anisotropy gradient is not well established at this low T(A). A fundamentally different mechanism is found after annealing at 400 degrees C, where the rapid switching of the entire film is preceded by a gradual reversal of the soft layers. This suggests that the anisotropy gradient has become better established through the film thickness. The field-dependent PNR measurements confirm the existence of an anisotropy gradient, where the lower (higher) anisotropy portions are now toward the bottom (top) of the film because of the Cu compositional gradient. However, after annealing at 500 degrees C, a single rapid reversal is found, indicating the formation of a uniform hard film. In this case, PNR demonstrates a more uniform magnetic depth profile that is consistent with a uniform reference sample, suggesting significant interdiffusion of the Cu is degrading the compositional and induced anisotropy gradient at this elevated T(A). C1 [Dumas, Randy K.; Akerman, Johan] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Phys, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Fang, Yeyu; Zha, Chaolin; Bonanni, Valentina; Nogues, Josep; Akerman, Johan] Royal Inst Technol KTH, S-16440 Kista, Sweden. [Kirby, B. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nogues, Josep] Inst Catalana Rec & Estudis Avancats ICREA, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain. [Nogues, Josep] CIN2 ICN CSIC, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain. [Nogues, Josep] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Catalan Inst Nanotechnol, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain. RP Dumas, RK (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Phys, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM randydumas@gmail.com RI Fang, Yeyu/E-9040-2010; Dumas, Randy/E-3077-2010; Akerman, Johan/B-5726-2008; Bonanni, Valentina/F-1398-2011; Nogues, Josep/D-7791-2012 OI Dumas, Randy/0000-0001-5505-2172; Akerman, Johan/0000-0002-3513-6608; Bonanni, Valentina/0000-0001-8346-0069; Nogues, Josep/0000-0003-4616-1371 FU Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF); Swedish Research Council (VR); Goran Gustafsson Foundation; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Catalan Direccio General de Recerca [2009SGR1292]; Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [MAT2010-20616-C02]; NSF [DMR-0520547] FX Support from the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF), the Swedish Research Council (VR), the Goran Gustafsson Foundation, and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. V. B. thanks the Blanceflor Boncompagni-Ludovisi Foundation. J.N. thanks the Catalan Direccio General de Recerca (Grant No. 2009SGR1292) and the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Grant No. MAT2010-20616-C02) projects for partial financial support. We thank P. A. Kienzle of NIST for assistance with the Refl1D reflectometry modeling software, supported by NSF DMR-0520547. J.A. is a Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow supported by a grant from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 10 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 5 AR 054434 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.054434 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 805LX UT WOS:000293729000006 ER PT J AU Hain, CR Crow, WT Mecikalski, JR Anderson, MC Holmes, T AF Hain, Christopher R. Crow, Wade T. Mecikalski, John R. Anderson, Martha C. Holmes, Thomas TI An intercomparison of available soil moisture estimates from thermal infrared and passive microwave remote sensing and land surface modeling SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION DIFFERENCE INDEX; VEGETATION OPTICAL DEPTH; PART I; CONVECTION INITIATION; ERS SCATTEROMETER; MESOSCALE MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; GREAT-PLAINS; RETRIEVAL; TEMPERATURE AB Remotely sensed soil moisture studies have mainly focused on retrievals using active and passive microwave (MW) sensors, which provide measurements that are directly related to soil moisture (SM). MW sensors have obvious advantages such as the ability to retrieve through nonprecipitating cloud cover which provides shorter repeat cycles. However, MW sensors offer coarse spatial resolution and suffer from reduced retrieval skill over moderate to dense vegetation. A unique avenue for filling these information gaps is to exploit the retrieval of SM from thermal infrared (TIR) observations, which can provide SM information under vegetation cover and at significantly higher resolutions than MW. Previously, an intercomparison of TIR-based and MW-based SM has not been investigated in the literature. Here a series of analyses are proposed to study relationships between SM products during a multiyear period (2003-2008) from a passive MW retrieval (AMSR-E), a TIR based model (ALEXI), and a land surface model (Noah) over the continental United States. The three analyses used in this study include (1) a spatial anomaly correlation analysis, (2) a temporal correlation analysis, and (3) a triple collocation error estimation technique. In general, the intercomparison shows that the TIR and MW methods provide complementary information about the current SM state. TIR can provide SM information over moderate to dense vegetation, a large information gap in current MW methods, while serving as an additional independent source of SM information over low to moderate vegetation. The complementary nature of SM information from MW and TIR sensors implies a potential for integration within an advanced SM data assimilation system. C1 [Hain, Christopher R.] NOAA NESDIS, IM Syst Grp, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Crow, Wade T.; Anderson, Martha C.; Holmes, Thomas] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Mecikalski, John R.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Hain, CR (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, IM Syst Grp, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM chris.hain@noaa.gov RI Hain, Christopher/G-3512-2012; Holmes, Thomas/F-4512-2010; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Hain, Christopher/0000-0002-0093-6816; Holmes, Thomas/0000-0002-4651-0079; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU NASA [NNX06AG07G]; NOAA [OAR-CPO-2009-2001430] FX Partially supported by NASA Terrestrial Hydrology award NNX06AG07G "Monitoring of root zone soil moisture using multifrequency observations of surface soil moisture and evapotranspiration" (PI, W. Crow) and NOAA grant OAR-CPO-2009-2001430 "AGOES Thermal-based Drought Early Warning Index for NIDIS" (PI, M. Anderson). NR 68 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 9 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D15107 DI 10.1029/2011JD015633 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 807OB UT WOS:000293907700001 ER PT J AU Singh, DK Thamizhavel, A Chang, S Lynn, JW Joshi, DA Dhar, SK Chi, S AF Singh, D. K. Thamizhavel, A. Chang, S. Lynn, J. W. Joshi, D. A. Dhar, S. K. Chi, S. TI Coupling of field-induced spin fluctuations and spin-density wave in intermetallic CeAg2Ge2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM PHASE-TRANSITIONS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CRITICAL-POINTS; HEAVY; CRITICALITY; SYSTEMS; METALS; U2ZN17 AB We report on experimental evidence for a coupling between the magnetic-field-induced fluctuations of correlated Ce ions coinciding with the discontinuous movement of the underlying spin-density wave in the intermetallic rare-earth compound CeAg2Ge2. The measurements performed using neutron scattering and magnetic Gruneisen ratio methods suggest that the coupling is onset at H = 2.7 T and T <= 3.8 K and persists to the lowest measurement temperature of similar or equal to 0.05 K. These measurements suggest that the spin fluctuations can affect the intrinsic properties of the system. C1 [Singh, D. K.; Chang, S.; Lynn, J. W.; Chi, S.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Singh, D. K.; Chi, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Thamizhavel, A.; Joshi, D. A.; Dhar, S. K.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Mumbai 400005, Maharashtra, India. RP Singh, DK (reprint author), NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Thamizhavel, Arumugam/A-1801-2011; Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013 OI Thamizhavel, Arumugam/0000-0003-1679-4370; Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153 FU NSF [DMR-0944772] FX This work used facilities supported in part by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 9 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 5 AR 052401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.052401 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 805BU UT WOS:000293702000002 ER PT J AU Idziaszek, Z Simoni, A Calarco, T Julienne, PS AF Idziaszek, Zbigniew Simoni, Andrea Calarco, Tommaso Julienne, Paul S. TI Multichannel quantum-defect theory for ultracold atom-ion collisions SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; COLD COLLISIONS; PHOTODETACHMENT; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITIONS; MODELS; ENERGY AB We develop an analytical model for ultracold atom-ion collisions using the multichannel quantum-defect formalism. The model is based on analytical solutions of the r(-4) long-range potential and on the application of a frame transformation between asymptotic and molecular bases. This approach allows the description of atom-ion interaction in the ultracold domain in terms of only three parameters: the singlet and triplet scattering lengths, assumed to be independent of the relative motion angular momentum, and the lead dispersion coefficient of the asymptotic potential. We also introduce corrections to the scattering lengths that improve the accuracy of our quantum-defect model for higher-order partial waves, a particularly important result for an accurate description of shape and Feshbach resonances at finite temperature. The theory is applied to the system composed of a (40)Ca(+) ion and a Na atom, and compared with numerical coupled-channel calculations carried out using ab initio potentials. For this particular system, we investigate the spectrum of bound states, the rate of charge-transfer processes and the collision rates in the presence of magnetic Feshbach resonances at zero and finite temperature. C1 [Idziaszek, Zbigniew] Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Simoni, Andrea] Inst Phys Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6251, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Simoni, Andrea] Univ Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Calarco, Tommaso] Univ Ulm, Inst Quantum Informat Proc, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Julienne, Paul S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Idziaszek, Z (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. EM idziaszek@fuw.edu.pl RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012; simoni, andrea/C-1410-2011 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442; FU CNRS; Rennes Metropole; Polish Government; European project AQUTE FX The authors thank J Denschlag and C Sias for helpful discussions. This work was supported by CNRS (ZI and AS), Rennes Metropole (AS), the Polish Government Research Grant for years 2007-2010 (ZI) and the European project AQUTE (TC). NR 62 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 25 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD AUG 8 PY 2011 VL 13 AR 083005 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/13/8/083005 PG 42 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 817KN UT WOS:000294671500002 ER PT J AU Silva, C Ferreira, JG Bricker, SB DelValls, TA Martin-Diaz, ML Yanez, E AF Silva, C. Ferreira, J. G. Bricker, S. B. DelValls, T. A. Martin-Diaz, M. L. Yanez, E. TI Site selection for shellfish aquaculture by means of GIS and farm-scale models, with an emphasis on data-poor environments SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Site selection model; Data poor environments; Bivalve shellfish; Carrying capacity; Environmental impact; Ecosystem Approach to Aquaculture ID GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; MARINE FISH FARM; CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; PACIFIC OYSTER; SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE; CARRYING-CAPACITY; CAGE AQUACULTURE; SOUTHERN CHILE; MUSSEL CULTURE; ANIMAL HEALTH AB An integrative methodology for site selection of shellfish aquaculture that combines geographical information systems and dynamic farm-scale carrying capacity modeling was developed. The methodology determines suitable aquaculture areas through 3 stages of analysis: (i) analysis of regulatory and social spatial restrictions using GIS to generate a constraints map; (ii) a Multi-Criteria Evaluation that considers the criteria (sediment, water and ecological quality data) and constituent factors (physical, growth and survival, product quality and environmental sensitivity) to generate a final map showing the most appropriate areas using GIS tools; and (iii) detailed analysis of production, socio-economic outputs and environmental effects of suitable areas using the FARM model. The methodology emphasizes the application in data-poor environments, where there are a combination of social difficulties, data scarcity, and aquaculture expansion pressure. The methodology was tested for Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) suspended longline culture in the Valdivia estuary (south central Chile), in order to explore the approach and make management recommendations for potential application. The identification of 3 km(2) (7.6%) of suitable sites in the study area using a GIS approach was made considering regulatory and social constraints; growth and survival factors, physical factors, product quality factors, environmental sensitivity zones, water, sediment and ecological quality criteria, factor suitability ranges, and a final Multi-Criteria Evaluation. The final assessment of production carrying capacity at four potentially suitable sites (Niebla, Valdivia, Isla del Rey and Tornagaleones) indicates that Tornagaleones is the most promising area for shellfish aquaculture and Valdivia is satisfactory; the Niebla and Isla del Rey sites are of marginal interest. Tornagaleones shows a total potential harvest of 139.6 t over a 395 day cultivation period for the test farm, and an average physical product of 11.64. Mass balance estimation was carried out to determine the potential positive impact of the suitable sites for nutrient credit trading. Biodeposition of organic material from the longline leases was also simulated, and found to have a low negative impact on sediment quality. Eutrophication assessment results indicate that positive impacts on water quality in Valdivia and Tornagaleones sites were obtained due to high phytoplankton removal. This methodology illustrates how GIS-based models may be used in conjunction with tools such as a farm-scale carrying capacity model to assist decision-makers in developing an ecosystem approach to aquaculture. The application of this approach provides an integrative methodology for site selection for shellfish aquaculture, despite limitations in the data available, taking into account production, socio-economic and environmental aspects. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ferreira, J. G.] Univ Nova Lisboa, FCT, DCEA, Ctr Ocean & Environm, P-2829516 Monte De Caparica, Portugal. [Silva, C.] Fac Ciencias Mar & Ambientales, Catedra UNESCO, Cadiz 11510, Spain. [Silva, C.; Yanez, E.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso, Escuela Ciencias Mar, Valparaiso 1020, Chile. [Bricker, S. B.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, NCCOS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [DelValls, T. A.; Martin-Diaz, M. L.] Fac Ciencias Mar & Ambientales, Dept Quim Fis, Cadiz 11510, Spain. RP Ferreira, JG (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, FCT, DCEA, Ctr Ocean & Environm, P-2829516 Monte De Caparica, Portugal. EM joao@hoomi.com OI Ferreira, Joao/0000-0001-9614-142X; Silva, Claudio/0000-0002-5831-2993; Martin-Diaz, M. Laura/0000-0003-0400-0641; Del Valls, T. Angel/0000-0001-7674-9278 FU EU [006540, INCO-CT-2004-510706, FP7-KBBE-2009-3-1-2-15]; Sistema Bicentenario BECAS CHILE from the Chilean Government FX C. Silva is grateful to the EU Erasmus Mundus program and Sistema Bicentenario BECAS CHILE from the Chilean Government for funding parts of this work, and to A. Newton for her contribution to his M.Sc. thesis. The authors acknowledge financial support from the EU ECASA (006540), SPEAR (INCO-CT-2004-510706) and COEXIST (FP7-KBBE-2009-3-1-2-15) projects. The authors are grateful to J.P. Nunes for assistance with GIS interpretation, and to three anonymous reviewers for comments on an earlier draft. NR 108 TC 34 Z9 41 U1 9 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD AUG 8 PY 2011 VL 318 IS 3-4 BP 444 EP 457 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.05.033 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 799DR UT WOS:000293264200027 ER PT J AU Nembach, HT Silva, TJ Shaw, JM Schneider, ML Carey, MJ Maat, S Childress, JR AF Nembach, H. T. Silva, T. J. Shaw, J. M. Schneider, M. L. Carey, M. J. Maat, S. Childress, J. R. TI Perpendicular ferromagnetic resonance measurements of damping and Lande g- factor in sputtered (Co2Mn)(1-x)Ge-x thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID YTTRIUM-IRON-GARNET; RARE-EARTH; HEUSLER ALLOYS; FERRIMAGNETIC RESONANCE; MAGNETIC-MOMENTS; CO2MNGE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; FREQUENCY; METALS; IMPURITIES AB X-ray diffraction (XRD), magnetometry, and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements were performed on sputtered thin films of the nominal Heusler alloy (Co2Mn)(1-x)Ge-x with varying Ge content and annealing temperatures. XRD indicates some degree of B2 alloy formation, with strong (110) texturing. FMRmeasurements were performed in a perpendicular geometry that minimized the contribution of two-magnon scattering to the linewidth. The FMR data indicate a significant increase in linewidth for samples that lack a well-defined (220) peak, presumably as a result of inhomogeneous line broadening. Samples annealed at 200 degrees C exhibit decreasing Landau-Lifshitz damping with increasing Ge content, while samples annealed at 245 and 300 degrees C have a nonlinear dependence of linewidth on frequency. The nonlinear component of the linewidth data was successfully fit with a generalized theory of slowly relaxing impurities, originally proposed by Van Vleck and Orbach. The modified theory includes the possibility of transverse coherence during the relaxation process. Magnetometry and FMR spectroscopy results were analyzed in the context of Malozemoff's generalized Slater-Pauling (GSP) theory, with the conclusion that the Ge sites support a significant negative-polarized spin density of several tens of percent. The GSP analysis results were consistent with a more conventional analysis of the spectroscopic g-factor that is appropriate for alloys. The proportionality of the strength of the slow-relaxer contribution to the damping suggests that the negatively polarized Ge atoms are acting as the slowly relaxing impurities in question. C1 [Nembach, H. T.; Silva, T. J.; Shaw, J. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Schneider, M. L.] Univ Montana, Dept Phys & Astron, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Carey, M. J.; Maat, S.; Childress, J. R.] Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose, CA 95135 USA. RP Nembach, HT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 66 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 40 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 8 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 5 AR 054424 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.054424 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 803YH UT WOS:000293618500008 ER PT J AU Yamamuro, O Yamada, T Kofu, M Nakakoshi, M Nagao, M AF Yamamuro, Osamu Yamada, Takeshi Kofu, Maiko Nakakoshi, Masamichi Nagao, Michihiro TI Hierarchical structure and dynamics of an ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 1-BUTYL-3-METHYL IMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; GLASS-TRANSITION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; RELAXATION PROCESSES; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; VISCOSITY; SPECTROMETER; CONSTRUCTION; SPECTROSCOPY AB We have performed the heat capacity, neutron diffraction, and neutron quasielastic scattering measurements of an ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C8mimCl). The heat capacity data revealed that C8mimCl exhibits a glass transition with a large heat capacity jump at T-g = 214 K, which is lower than T-g of C4mimCl with a shorter alkyl-chain. In the neutron diffraction measurement for a deuterated analogue, d-C8mimCl, the peaks associated with the inter-domain, inter-ionic, and inter-alkyl-chain correlations appeared at (3, 11, and 14) nm(-1), respectively. The temperature dependence of these peaks indicates that the packing of the alkyl-chains becomes more compact and the domains become more vivid and larger as decreasing temperature. The quasielastic neutron scattering measurements using neutron spin echo and time-of-flight type instruments demonstrated that C8mimCl has faster relaxations probably owing to the alkyl-group and a slower relaxation owing to the ions. The latter relaxation, which is related to the glass transition, is of non-exponential as in the a relaxation of glass-forming molecular liquids. The relaxation of domains could not be observed in the present experiment but should have relaxation times longer than 100 ns. This is the first report to clarify temperature dependence of the hierarchical structure and relaxations simultaneously for a typical ionic liquid. (c) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [ doi:10.1063/1.3622598] C1 [Yamamuro, Osamu; Yamada, Takeshi; Kofu, Maiko] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Nakakoshi, Masamichi] Yokohama Natl Univ, Instrumental Anal Ctr, Hodogaya Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2408501, Japan. [Nagao, Michihiro] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Yamamuro, O (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Chiba 2778581, Japan. EM yamamuro@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU MEXT, Japan [17073004]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX This work is financially supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Area No. 17073004, MEXT, Japan. The work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 41 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 7 PY 2011 VL 135 IS 5 AR 054508 DI 10.1063/1.3622598 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 803XX UT WOS:000293617500032 PM 21823713 ER PT J AU Kort, EA Patra, PK Ishijima, K Daube, BC Jimenez, R Elkins, J Hurst, D Moore, FL Sweeney, C Wofsy, SC AF Kort, E. A. Patra, P. K. Ishijima, K. Daube, B. C. Jimenez, R. Elkins, J. Hurst, D. Moore, F. L. Sweeney, C. Wofsy, S. C. TI Tropospheric distribution and variability of N2O: Evidence for strong tropical emissions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL PROFILES; AIRCRAFT AB Measurements of atmospheric N2O spanning altitudes from the surface to 14 km, and latitudes from 67 degrees S to 85 degrees N, show high concentrations in the tropics and subtropics, with strong maxima in the middle and upper troposphere. The pattern varies significantly over time scales of a few weeks. Global simulations do not accurately capture observed distributions with latitude, altitude, or time. Inversion results indicate strong, episodic inputs of nitrous oxide from tropical regions (as large as 1 Tg N-N2O over 9 weeks) are necessary to produce observed vertical and latitudinal distributions. These findings highlight strong tropical sources of N2O with high temporal variability, and the necessity of using full vertical profile observations in deriving emissions from atmospheric measurements. Citation: Kort, E. A., P. K. Patra, K. Ishijima, B. C. Daube, R. Jimenez, J. Elkins, D. Hurst, F. L. Moore, C. Sweeney, and S. C. Wofsy (2011), Tropospheric distribution and variability of N2O: Evidence for strong tropical emissions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L15806, doi:10.1029/2011GL047612. C1 [Kort, E. A.; Daube, B. C.; Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kort, E. A.; Daube, B. C.; Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Patra, P. K.; Ishijima, K.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Environm Biogeochem Cycle Res Program, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Elkins, J.; Hurst, D.; Moore, F. L.; Sweeney, C.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jimenez, R.] Univ Nacl Colombia, Air Qual Res Grp, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Bogota 111321, Colombia. [Hurst, D.; Moore, F. L.; Sweeney, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kort, EA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016; Patra, Prabir/B-5206-2009 OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322; Patra, Prabir/0000-0001-5700-9389 FU Department of Defense through the NDSEG; NSF [ATM-0628575, ATM-0628519, ATM-0628388]; National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR); JSPS/MEXT [22241008]; Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; NASA FX E.A.K. acknowledges financial support from the Department of Defense through the NDSEG fellowship program. HIPPO was supported by NSF grants ATM-0628575, ATM-0628519, ATM-0628388, and by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). NCAR is supported by the NSF. We thank the pilots, mechanics, technicians, and scientific crew working on HIPPO. We thank Xin Jin for providing oceanic flux model results. This work is partly supported by JSPS/MEXT KAKENHI-A grant 22241008. Participation by NOAA instruments was supported in part by the NSF through its Atmospheric Chemistry Program to CIRES, NOAA through its Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program and the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, and NASA through its Upper Atmosphere Research Program and Radiation Sciences Program. NR 24 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L15806 DI 10.1029/2011GL047612 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 804JZ UT WOS:000293651400001 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, EE Stock, C Zajdel, P Krycka, KL Majkrzak, CF Zavalij, P Green, MA AF Rodriguez, E. E. Stock, C. Zajdel, P. Krycka, K. L. Majkrzak, C. F. Zavalij, P. Green, M. A. TI Magnetic-crystallographic phase diagram of the superconducting parent compound Fe1+x Te SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; IRON; NEUTRON; SYSTEMS; EXCESS; ORDER AB Through neutron diffraction experiments, including spin-polarized measurements, we find a collinear incommensurate spin-density wave with propagation vector k = [0.4481(4) 0 1/2] at base temperature in the superconducting parent compound Fe1+x Te. This critical concentration of interstitial iron corresponds to x approximate to 12% and leads to crystallographic phase separation at base temperature. The spin-density wave is short-range ordered with a correlation length of 22(3) angstrom, and as the ordering temperature is approached its propagation vector decreases linearly in the H direction and becomes long-range ordered. Upon further populating the interstitial iron site, the spin-density wave gives way to an incommensurate helical ordering with propagation vector k = [0.3855(2) 0 1/2] at base temperature. For a sample with x approximate to 9(1)%, we also find an incommensurate spin-density wave that competes with the bicollinear commensurate ordering close to the Neel point. The shifting of spectral weight between competing magnetic orderings observed in several samples is supporting evidence for the phase separation being electronic in nature, and hence leads to crystallographic phase separation around the critical interstitial iron concentration of 12%. With results from both powder and single crystal samples, we construct a magnetic-crystallographic phase diagram of Fe1+x Te for 5% < x < 17%. C1 [Rodriguez, E. E.; Stock, C.; Krycka, K. L.; Majkrzak, C. F.; Green, M. A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Stock, C.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Zajdel, P.] Univ Silesia, Div Phys Crystals, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. [Zavalij, P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Green, M. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Rodriguez, EE (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RI Zavalij, Peter/H-3817-2012; Zajdel, Pawel/B-7574-2013 OI Zavalij, Peter/0000-0001-5762-3469; Zajdel, Pawel/0000-0003-1220-5866 FU U.S. DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX This work has benefited from the use of the NPDF beamline at the Lujan Center at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, funded by the U.S. DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 55 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 5 U2 36 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 5 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 6 AR 064403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.064403 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 803BG UT WOS:000293554100002 ER PT J AU Lake, RE Pomeroy, JM Grube, H Sosolik, CE AF Lake, R. E. Pomeroy, J. M. Grube, H. Sosolik, C. E. TI Charge State Dependent Energy Deposition by Ion Impact SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; SOLIDS; SURFACE; SLOW; RANGES; SPIKES; TIME AB We report on a measurement of craters in thin dielectric films formed by XeQ+ (26 <= Q <= 44) projectiles. Tunnel junction devices with ion-irradiated barriers were used to amplify the effect of charge-dependent cratering through the exponential dependence of tunneling conductance on barrier thickness. Electrical conductance of a crater sigma(c)(Q) increased by 4 orders of magnitude (7.9 x 10(-4) mu S to 6.1 mu S) as Q increased, corresponding to crater depths ranging from 2 to 11 angstrom. By employing a heated spike model, we determine that the energy required to produce the craters spans from 8 to 25 keV over the investigated charge states. Considering energy from preequilibrium nuclear and electronic stopping as well as neutralization, we find that at least (27 +/- 2)% of available projectile neutralization energy is deposited into the thin film during impact. C1 [Lake, R. E.; Pomeroy, J. M.; Grube, H.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lake, R. E.; Sosolik, C. E.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Lake, RE (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM russell.lake@nist.gov OI Lake, Russell/0000-0002-6077-7036 FU Clemson University COMSET; [NSF-CHE-0548111]; [NIST-60NANB9D9126] FX R.E.L. and C.E.S. gratefully acknowledge support from NSF-CHE-0548111, Clemson University COMSET and NIST-60NANB9D9126. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2011 VL 107 IS 6 AR 063202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.063202 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 803DZ UT WOS:000293562900002 PM 21902321 ER PT J AU Patrone, PN Wang, RR Margetis, D AF Patrone, Paul N. Wang, Rongrong Margetis, Dionisios TI Small fluctuations in epitaxial growth via conservative noise SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM GROWTH; VICINAL SURFACES; CRYSTAL-SURFACES; STEP; DISTRIBUTIONS; TEMPERATURE; EQUILIBRIUM; DIFFUSION; MECHANISM; EVOLUTION AB We study the combined effect of growth (material deposition from above) and nearest-neighbor entropic and force-dipole interactions in a stochastically perturbed system of N line defects (steps) on a vicinal crystal surface in 1+1 dimensions. First, we formulate a general model of conservative white noise and derive simplified formulas for the terrace width distribution and terrace width correlations in the limit N -> infinity for small step fluctuations. Our general result expresses terrace width correlations as an interplay of noise covariance and step interaction strength. Second, we apply our formalism to two specific noise models which stem, respectively, from (i) the fluctuation-dissipation theorem for diffusion of adsorbed atoms; and (ii) the phenomenological consideration of deposition-flux-induced asymmetric attachment and detachment of atoms at step edges. In both cases of noise, we find that terrace width correlations decay exponentially with the step number difference; this behavior leads to vanishing correlations in the macroscopic limit. Our analysis may be used to (i) determine the noise in quasi-one-dimensional surfaces and (ii) assess the validity of previous mean field approximations. C1 [Patrone, Paul N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Patrone, Paul N.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Patrone, Paul N.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Rongrong; Margetis, Dionisios] Univ Maryland, Dept Math, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Margetis, Dionisios] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Margetis, Dionisios] Univ Maryland, Ctr Sci Computat & Math Modeling, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Patrone, PN (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ppatrone@umd.edu; rongwang@math.umd.edu; dio@math.umd.edu FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H026]; NSF under MRSEC [0520471]; NSF [DMS-0847587] FX The first author (PNP) acknowledges support under the National Institute of Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Award 70NANB10H026 through the University of Maryland; and by the NSF under MRSEC grant DMR 0520471 at the University of Maryland. The third author's (DM) research was supported by NSF under grant DMS-0847587. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD AUG 5 PY 2011 VL 44 IS 31 AR 315002 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/44/31/315002 PG 22 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 792IJ UT WOS:000292736300003 ER PT J AU Halsey, LG Jones, TT Jones, DR Liebsch, N Booth, DT AF Halsey, Lewis G. Jones, T. Todd Jones, David R. Liebsch, Nikolai Booth, David T. TI Measuring Energy Expenditure in Sub-Adult and Hatchling Sea Turtles via Accelerometry SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; DIVING GREAT CORMORANTS; JUVENILE GREEN TURTLES; CHELONIA-MYDAS L.; HEART-RATE; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; METABOLIC-RATE; CARDIOVASCULAR ADJUSTMENTS; PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA AB Measuring the metabolic of sea turtles is fundamental to understanding their ecology yet the presently available methods are limited. Accelerometry is a relatively new technique for estimating metabolic rate that has shown promise with a number of species but its utility with air-breathing divers is not yet established. The present study undertakes laboratory experiments to investigate whether rate of oxygen uptake (<(V)over dot>o(2)) at the surface in active sub-adult green turtles Chelonia mydas and hatchling loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta correlates with overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA), a derivative of acceleration used as a proxy for metabolic rate. Six green turtles (25-44 kg) and two loggerhead turtles (20 g) were instrumented with tri-axial acceleration logging devices and placed singly into a respirometry chamber. The green turtles were able to submerge freely within a 1.5 m deep tank and the loggerhead turtles were tethered in water 16 cm deep so that they swam at the surface. A significant prediction equation for mean <(V)over dot>o(2) over an hour in a green turtle from measures of ODBA and mean flipper length (R(2) = 0.56) returned a mean estimate error across turtles of 8.0%. The range of temperatures used in the green turtle experiments (22-30 degrees C) had only a small effect on <(V)over dot>o(2). A <(V)over dot>o(2)-ODBA equation for the loggerhead hatchling data was also significant (R(2) = 0.67). Together these data indicate the potential of the accelerometry technique for estimating energy expenditure in sea turtles, which may have important applications in sea turtle diving ecology, and also in conservation such as assessing turtle survival times when trapped underwater in fishing nets. C1 [Halsey, Lewis G.] Roehampton Univ, Dept Life Sci, London, England. [Jones, T. Todd] Univ Hawaii Manoa, NOAA, Kewalo Res Facil, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Jones, David R.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Liebsch, Nikolai] Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Booth, David T.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Physiol Ecol Grp, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. RP Halsey, LG (reprint author), Roehampton Univ, Dept Life Sci, London, England. EM l.halsey@roehampton.ac.uk RI Halsey, Lewis/B-8498-2011; Booth, David/A-7184-2012 OI Halsey, Lewis/0000-0002-0786-7585; Booth, David/0000-0002-3801-0488 FU NSERC; Percy Sladen Memorial Fund; Linnaean Society of London FX This project was partly funded by an NSERC Discovery Grant to Professor Dave Jones, and partly funded by the Percy Sladen Memorial Fund, care of The Linnaean Society of London. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 59 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 4 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 8 AR e22311 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0022311 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 803DK UT WOS:000293561200012 PM 21829613 ER PT J AU Pearson, AJ Snyder, NP Collins, MJ AF Pearson, Adam J. Snyder, Noah P. Collins, Mathias J. TI Rates and processes of channel response to dam removal with a sand-filled impoundment SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY; RIVER; CALIFORNIA; FORM AB Dam removal projects are playing an increasingly important role in stream restoration, and offer unparalleled opportunities to study sediment dynamics following disturbance. We used the removal of the similar to 4-m high Merrimack Village Dam (MVD) on the Souhegan River in southern New Hampshire to measure processes and rates of channel evolution in a sand-filled impoundment. From 2007 to 2010, we repeatedly surveyed 11 cross sections and the longitudinal profile, and collected sediment samples to measure changes in channel morphology and bed texture. The dam removal in August 2008 resulted in a nearly instantaneous base level drop of 3.9 m and caused a two-phased channel response. The initial, process-driven phase (2 months) was characterized by rapid incision and removal of the impounded sand (up to 1013 t d(-1)), followed by channel widening. Once incised to base level, the rate of sediment removal slowed (30.7 t d(-1)) and adjustments became event-driven, and the former impoundment segmented into a nonalluvial section and an alluvial section with erosion and deposition influenced by vegetation on the channel banks. Two years after the dam removal and two high-magnitude floods, the river has excavated 79% of the original sediment. Continued response will be substantially influenced by the establishment of bank vegetation within the former impoundment and the magnitude and frequency of high discharge events. Initial channel development and sediment erosion occurs rapidly (weeks to months) in sand-filled impoundments, but excavation of the remaining sediment occurs more slowly depending on vegetation feedbacks and flood events. C1 [Pearson, Adam J.; Snyder, Noah P.] Boston Coll, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Collins, Mathias J.] NOAA, Restorat Ctr, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. RP Pearson, AJ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, 255 Acad St, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM pearsona@udel.edu OI Collins, Mathias/0000-0003-4238-2038 FU NOAA Open Rivers Initiative; American Chemical Society [47858-GB8]; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Boston College FX This work was supported by the NOAA Open Rivers Initiative through a project with Gomez and Sullivan Engineers, P.C. and Pennichuck Water Works; American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund grant 47858-GB8 to N.P.S.; and the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Boston College. We thank the following people for helping collect geomorphic field data: David Santaniello, William Armstrong, Elizabeth Johnson, Peter Snajczuk, and Benjamin Wilkins (Boston College students); Karla Garcia, Eric Hutchins, Sean McDermott, Jim Turek, and Lisa Wade (NOAA); Deb Loiselle, Grace Levergood, and Beth Lambert (NHDES; Lambert now with MA Riverways Program); Eric Derleth (USFWS); John Kachmar (Gulf of ME Council, now with The Nature Conservancy); and Brian Graber (American Rivers). Thanks to Mark Wamser (Gomez and Sullivan Engineers, P. C.) for managing the Merrimack Village Dam removal. The manuscript benefited from thorough reviews by Martin Doyle and three anonymous referees. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 4 PY 2011 VL 47 AR W08504 DI 10.1029/2010WR009733 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 804JN UT WOS:000293650200002 ER PT J AU Montzka, SA Dlugokencky, EJ Butler, JH AF Montzka, S. A. Dlugokencky, E. J. Butler, J. H. TI Non-CO2 greenhouse gases and climate change SO NATURE LA English DT Review ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NITROUS-OXIDE; METHANE EMISSIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ANTHROPOGENIC NITROGEN; ATMOSPHERIC HYDROXYL; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; N2O; CO2; CYCLE AB Earth's climate is warming as a result of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2) from fossil fuel combustion. Anthropogenic emissions of non-CO2 greenhouse gases, such as methane, nitrous oxide and ozone-depleting substances (largely from sources other than fossil fuels), also contribute significantly to warming. Some non-CO2 greenhouse gases have much shorter lifetimes than CO2, so reducing their emissions offers an additional opportunity to lessen future climate change. Although it is clear that sustainably reducing the warming influence of greenhouse gases will be possible only with substantial cuts in emissions of CO2, reducing non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions would be a relatively quick way of contributing to this goal. C1 [Montzka, S. A.; Dlugokencky, E. J.; Butler, J. H.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Montzka, SA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM stephen.a.montzka@noaa.gov OI Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU NOAA's Climate Program Office FX We acknowledge discussions with P. Tans and J. Daniel, updates to data published in ref. 33 from J. Elkins, G. Dutton and T. Conway, and technical assistance from C. Siso and B. Miller. This work was supported in part by the Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program and the Carbon Cycle Program of NOAA's Climate Program Office. NR 96 TC 208 Z9 222 U1 43 U2 354 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 4 PY 2011 VL 476 IS 7358 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1038/nature10322 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 801NR UT WOS:000293447300026 PM 21814274 ER PT J AU Wilson, C AF Wilson, Cara TI Chlorophyll anomalies along the critical latitude at 30 degrees N in the NE Pacific SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; INTERNAL TIDES; HAWAIIAN RIDGE; BAROCLINIC TIDE; PART I; OCEAN; WAVES; ENERGY; GENERATION; BLOOMS AB The dissipation of surface tidal energy into internal tides plays a critical role in ocean mixing. However, quantifying the spatial distribution of this energy flux, which is required for ocean and climate modeling, has been largely based on modeling efforts and there is a need for validating observations. The summer development of large blooms of chlorophyll along 30 degrees N in the E. Pacific is presented as evidence of enhanced tidal mixing. The region near 30 degrees is a "double" critical latitude, with a transformation of internal waves occurring at both diurnal and semidiurnal frequencies. The breakdown at the critical latitude of internal waves generated at Hawaii could provide the physical mechanism to explain these blooms. The blooms develop in a region characterized by a weak summer surface stratification, which is therefore more susceptible to mixing. Citation: Wilson, C. (2011), Chlorophyll anomalies along the critical latitude at 30 degrees N in the NE Pacific, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L15603, doi:10.1029/2011GL048210. C1 NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Wilson, C (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM cara.wilson@noaa.gov RI Wilson, Cara/A-8816-2009; OI Wilson, Cara/0000-0001-9318-2322 NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 3 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L15603 DI 10.1029/2011GL048210 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 804IH UT WOS:000293647000004 ER PT J AU Yang, M Blomquist, BW Fairall, CW Archer, SD Huebert, BJ AF Yang, M. Blomquist, B. W. Fairall, C. W. Archer, S. D. Huebert, B. J. TI Air-sea exchange of dimethylsulfide in the Southern Ocean: Measurements from SO GasEx compared to temperate and tropical regions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; WIND-SPEED; TRANSFER VELOCITY; EDDY-CORRELATION; CO2 EXCHANGE; FRESH-WATER; COOL SKIN; FLUX; STRESS; DMS AB In the Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment (SO GasEx), we measured an atmospheric dimethylsulfide (DMS) concentration of 118 +/- 54 pptv (1 sigma), a DMS sea-to-air flux of 2.9 +/- 2.1 mu mol m(-2) d(-1) by eddy covariance, and a seawater DMS concentration of 1.6 +/- 0.7 nM. Dividing flux by the concurrent air-sea concentration difference yields the transfer velocity of DMS (k(DMS)). The k(DMS) in the Southern Ocean was significantly lower than previous measurements in the equatorial east Pacific, Sargasso Sea, northeast Atlantic, and southeast Pacific. Normalizing k(DMS) for the temperature dependence in waterside diffusivity and solubility results in better agreement among various field studies and suggests that the low k(DMS) in the Southern Ocean is primarily due to colder temperatures. The higher solubility of DMS at a lower temperature results in greater airside control and less transfer of the gas by bubbles formed from breaking waves. The final normalized DMS transfer velocity is similar to k of less soluble gases such as carbon dioxide in low-to-moderate winds; in high winds, DMS transfer velocity is significantly lower because of the reduced bubble-mediated transfer. C1 [Yang, M.; Blomquist, B. W.; Huebert, B. J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Fairall, C. W.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Archer, S. D.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth, Devon, England. RP Yang, M (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, 1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM huebert@hawaii.edu RI Archer, Stephen/H-5490-2012; OI Yang, Mingxi/0000-0002-8321-5984 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA07OAR4310084]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0241611, ATM-0526341]; U.K. Natural Environment Research Council [NE/F010656/1] FX We thank the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for the primary support of this work through grant NA07OAR4310084 and the National Science Foundation for additional support through grants ATM-0241611 and ATM-0526341. We also thank NOAA project GC07-186 and NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere program. The participation of S. D. Archer in the Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment was funded through the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council grant NE/F010656/1. Special thanks to J. Johnson and T. Bates (NOAA, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory) for seawater DMS measurements, R. M. Simpson, (University of Hawai'i at Manoa) for instrument operation, and the crew of the R/V Ronald H. Brown. NR 46 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 3 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C00F05 DI 10.1029/2010JC006526 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 804KH UT WOS:000293652200001 ER PT J AU Ramazanoglu, M Ratcliff, W Yi, HT Sirenko, AA Cheong, SW Kiryukhin, V AF Ramazanoglu, M. Ratcliff, W., II Yi, H. T. Sirenko, A. A. Cheong, S-W. Kiryukhin, V. TI Giant Effect of Uniaxial Pressure on Magnetic Domain Populations in Multiferroic Bismuth Ferrite SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; BIFEO3; WALLS AB Neutron diffraction is used to show that small (similar to 7 MPa, or 70 bar) uniaxial pressure produces significant changes in the populations of magnetic domains in a single crystal of 2% Nd-doped bismuth ferrite. The magnetic easy plane of the domains converted by the pressure is rotated 60 degrees relative to its original position. These results demonstrate extreme sensitivity of the magnetic properties of multiferroic bismuth ferrite to tiny (less than 10(-4)) elastic strain, as well as weakness of the forces pinning the domain walls between the cycloidal magnetic domains in this material. C1 [Ramazanoglu, M.; Yi, H. T.; Cheong, S-W.; Kiryukhin, V.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Ratcliff, W., II] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sirenko, A. A.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Ramazanoglu, M (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 849, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI Yi, Hee Taek/F-6399-2010 FU NSF [DMR-1004568, DMR-0804109] FX This work was supported by the NSF under Grant No. DMR-1004568 and No. DMR-0804109. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 35 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 3 PY 2011 VL 107 IS 6 AR 067203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.067203 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 801NX UT WOS:000293447900019 PM 21902365 ER PT J AU Lau, JW Shaw, JM AF Lau, June W. Shaw, Justin M. TI Magnetic nanostructures for advanced technologies: fabrication, metrology and challenges SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE LINEWIDTH; ENERGY-ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; DIFFERENTIAL-PHASE-CONTRAST; CURRENT SCREEN LAYER; CPP-GMR HEADS; BRILLOUIN LIGHT-SCATTERING; SINGLE-DOMAIN NANOMAGNETS; ULTRAFAST SPIN DYNAMICS; RECORDING MEDIA; THIN-FILMS AB Magnetic nanostructures are an integral part to many state-of-the-art and emerging technologies. However, the complete path from parts (the nanostructures) to the manufacturing of the end products is not always obvious to students of magnetism. The paper follows this path of the magnetic nanostructure, and explains some of the steps along the way: What are the technologies that employ magnetic nanostructures? How are these nanostructures made? What is the physics behind the functional parts? How are the magnetic properties measured? Finally, we present, in our view, a list of challenges hindering progress in these technologies. C1 [Lau, June W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Shaw, Justin M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lau, JW (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM june.lau@nist.gov RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Maddikeri, Raghavendra/E-7412-2011; Lau, June/C-7509-2013 OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; NR 353 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 100 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD AUG 3 PY 2011 VL 44 IS 30 AR 303001 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/44/30/303001 PG 43 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 789VE UT WOS:000292544300002 ER PT J AU Tsai, DH Davila-Morris, M DelRio, FW Guha, S Zachariah, MR Hackley, VA AF Tsai, De-Hao Davila-Morris, Melissa DelRio, Frank W. Guha, Suvajyoti Zachariah, Michael R. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Quantitative Determination of Competitive Molecular Adsorption on Gold Nanoparticles Using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYSIS; ATR-FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; ENHANCED FLUORESCENCE; COLLOIDAL GOLD; SERUM-ALBUMIN; NANOMATERIALS; AGGREGATION; PARTICLES; SURFACES; ACID AB Surface-sensitive quantitative studies of competitive molecular adsorption on nanoparticles were conducted using a modified attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy method. Adsorption isotherms for thiolated poly(ethylene glycol) (SH-PEG) on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a function of molecular mass (1, 5, and 20 kDa) were characterized. We find that surface density of SH-PEG on AuNPs is inversely proportional to the molecular mass (M(m)). Equilibrium binding constants for SH-PEG, obtained using the Langmuir adsorption model, show the binding affinity for SH-PEG is proportional to M(m). Simultaneous competitive adsorption between mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and 5 kDa SH-PEG (SH-PEGSK) was investigated, and we finch that MPA concentration is the dominant factor influencing the surface density of both SH-PEGSK and MPA, whereas the concentration of SH-PEGSK affects only SH-PEGSK surface density. Electrospray differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA) was employed as an orthogonal characterization technique. ES-DMA results are consistent with the results obtained by ATR-FTIR, confirming our conclusions about the adsorption process in this system. Ligand displacement competitive adsorption, where the displacing molecular species is added after completion of the ligand surface binding, was also interrogated by ATR-FTIR Results indicate that for SH-PEG increasing M(m) yields greater stability on AuNPs when measured against displacement by bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model serum protein. In addition, the binding affinity of BSA to AuNPs is inhibited for SH-PEG conjugated AuNPs, an effect that is enhanced at higher SH-PEG M(m) values. C1 [Tsai, De-Hao; Davila-Morris, Melissa; DelRio, Frank W.; Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn & Chem, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vincent.hackley@nist.gov RI Tsai, De-Hao/K-6702-2012; OI Tsai, De-Hao/0000-0002-2669-3007; Guha, Suvajyoti/0000-0002-7622-2721; Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 NR 35 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 2 PY 2011 VL 27 IS 15 BP 9302 EP 9313 DI 10.1021/la2005425 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 796ET UT WOS:000293035300031 PM 21726083 ER PT J AU Verkouteren, RM Verkouteren, JR AF Verkouteren, R. Michael Verkouteren, Jennifer R. TI Inkjet Metrology II: Resolved Effects of Ejection Frequency, Fluidic Pressure, and Droplet Number on Reproducible Drop-on-Demand Dispensing SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID JET; MICRODROPLETS; PERFORMANCE; DYNAMICS; BREAKUP; LIQUID; DRIVEN AB We report highly reproducible gravimetric and optical measurements of microdroplets that lend insights into the fundamentals of drop-on-demand (DOD) printing. Baseline fluidic pressure within the DOD dispenser was controlled to within 0.02 hPa, enabling long-term stability in dispensed droplet mass with observed variations near 1% (RSD) for isobutanol. The gravimetric measurements were sensitive enough to detect and avoid unwanted effects from air bubbles within the dispenser. The gravimetric and optical velocity measurements enabled consistent determination of droplet kinetic energy that governed baseline behavior across the operational variables. Mass and velocity were influenced in a nonlinear manner by the frequency of droplet ejection, the fluidic pressure within the dispensing device, and the number of droplets dispensed in a burst. Resolved effects were attributable to several possible mechanisms including acoustic resonances, energy partitioning from systematic orifice refill dynamics, pressure wavelets created within the dispenser cavity during "first-drop" formation, and residual ring-down after last-drop emergence. C1 [Verkouteren, R. Michael; Verkouteren, Jennifer R.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Verkouteren, RM (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM r.verkouteren@nist.gov FU Science & Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security; NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards FX We gratefully acknowledge the Science & Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards for sponsoring this work. We also wish to acknowledge Dr. Hans Jochen Trost of MicroFab Technologies for valuable discussions during preparation of this manuscript. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 2 PY 2011 VL 27 IS 15 BP 9644 EP 9653 DI 10.1021/la201728f PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 796ET UT WOS:000293035300074 PM 21667998 ER PT J AU Tomiyasu, K Crawford, MK Adroja, DT Manuel, P Tominaga, A Hara, S Sato, H Watanabe, T Ikeda, SI Lynn, JW Iwasa, K Yamada, K AF Tomiyasu, K. Crawford, M. K. Adroja, D. T. Manuel, P. Tominaga, A. Hara, S. Sato, H. Watanabe, T. Ikeda, S. I. Lynn, J. W. Iwasa, K. Yamada, K. TI Molecular spin-orbit excitations in the J(eff)=1/2 frustrated spinel GeCo2O4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; STATE; TRANSITION; CRYSTAL; LATTICE; OXIDES; KCOF3; IONS; ICE AB We describe powder and single-crystal inelastic neutron scattering experiments on a spinel-type antiferromagnet GeCo2O4, represented by an effective total angular momentum J(eff) = 1/2. Several types of nondispersive short-range magnetic excitations were discovered. The scattering intensity maps in Q space are well reproduced by dynamical structure factor analyses using molecular model Hamiltonians. The results of analyses suggest that the molecular excitations below T-N arise from molecular ground states, one of which consists of antiferromagnetically coupled ferromagnetic subunits. The quasielastic excitations above T-N are interpreted as its precursor. A combination of frustration and J(eff) = 1/2 might induce these quantum phenomena. C1 [Tomiyasu, K.; Iwasa, K.] Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Crawford, M. K.] DuPont Co Inc, Dept Cent Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. [Adroja, D. T.; Manuel, P.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Tominaga, A.; Hara, S.; Sato, H.] Chuo Univ, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1018324, Japan. [Watanabe, T.] Nihon Univ, CST, Dept Phys, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1018308, Japan. [Ikeda, S. I.] AIST, Nanoelect Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. [Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yamada, K.] Tohoku Univ, WPI AIMR, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Tomiyasu, K (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. EM tomiyasu@m.tohoku.ac.jp RI Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009; Ikeda, Shinichi/I-5829-2012 OI Ikeda, Shinichi/0000-0003-2134-7786 FU MEXT of Japan; Tohoku University; Institute for Materials Research; [22740209]; [22014001]; [21224008]; [22244039]; [20102005] FX We thank Mr. M. Ohkawara, Mr. K. Nemoto and Mr. T. Asami for their support in JAEA, Mr. M. Onodera for his support in Tohoku University, and Professors Y. Motome and S. Ishihara for fruitful discussions. The neutron experiments in JAEA were performed under User Programs conducted by ISSP, University of Tokyo. This work was supported by the MEXT of Japan, Grants in Aid Young Scientists (B) (22740209), Priority Areas (22014001), Scientific Researches (S) (21224008) and (A) (22244039) and Innovative Areas (20102005), and by Tohoku University, Inter-university Cooperative Research Program of the Institute for Materials Research. NR 50 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 2 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 5 AR 054405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.054405 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 800OY UT WOS:000293374000006 ER PT J AU Lee, CM Lee, JB Turnbull, JC AF Lee, Craig M. Lee, Jennifer Borresen Turnbull, Jocelyn C. TI Refining the Chronology of the Agate Basin Complex: Radiocarbon Dating the Frazier Site, Northeastern Colorado SO PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Agate Basin; Bison antiquus; Kersey Terrace; Paleoindian; radiocarbon dating ID BONE; CLOVIS; PRETREATMENT; QUALITY; AMERICA; AMS; AGE AB The Frazier site (5WL268) has been interpreted as a single component bison kill and processing site representative of the Paleoindian Agate Basin complex in northeastern Colorado. The site was excavated in the 1960s by H. Marie Wormington. An examination of six accelerator mass spectrometry C-14 radiocarbon dates recently obtained on bison bone (amino acids) and charcoal collected during Wormington's investigations suggest the Frazier site dates between 10,200 and 10,100 C-14 B.P. The traditionally established age range for the Agate Basin complex, uncalibrated 10,500-10,000 years B.P., was defined in the 1960s and 1970s primarily as a result of investigations at two multicomponent sites in Wyoming: the Agate Basin type site and the Hell Gap site. The Frazier site dates suggest the Agate Basin complex fits within the established age range and may be up to 200 radiocarbon years (ca. 400 calendar years) younger than the Beacon Island site in North Dakota, which radiometrically dates to uncalibrated ca. 10,300 years B.P. C1 [Lee, Craig M.; Lee, Jennifer Borresen] Metcalf Archaeol Consultants Inc, Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 USA. [Lee, Craig M.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arct & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Turnbull, Jocelyn C.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Turnbull, Jocelyn C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lee, CM (reprint author), Metcalf Archaeol Consultants Inc, 4955 Miller St,Suite 201, Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 USA. EM clee@metcalfarchaeology.com; jlee@metcalfarchaeology.com; jocelyn.turnbull@noaa.gov OI Turnbull, Jocelyn/0000-0002-0306-9658 NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC PI LINCOLN PA 3201 SOUTH STREET, PO BOX 152, LINCOLN, NE 68506-3266 USA SN 0032-0447 J9 PLAINS ANTHROPOL JI Plains Anthropol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 56 IS 219 BP 243 EP 258 PG 16 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 913VI UT WOS:000301905100004 ER PT J AU Xu, Q AF Xu, Qin TI Completeness of Normal Modes for Symmetric Perturbations in Vertically Bounded Domain SO JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article ID GEOSTROPHIC BAROCLINIC STABILITY; NONMODAL GROWTHS; FLOW AB Perturbations generated by symmetric instability can be characterized, in terms of growing normal modes, by slantwise vertical motion bands similar to those observed in frontal rainbands. Nonmodal growths of symmetric perturbations, characterized also by slantwise vertical motion bands, can be produced by linear combinations of normal modes even before the basic state becomes symmetrically unstable in order to generate growing modes. In this paper, normal modes for nonhydrostatic symmetric perturbations in a vertically bounded domain are revisited and constructed by free modes obtained in unbounded domain. The constructed modes form a complete set in the full-solution space, and thus, can construct any admissible solutions to further explore nonmodal growths of symmetric perturbations in the vertically bounded domain beyond previous studies. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM Qin.Xu@noaa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA C/O JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100-0004, JAPAN SN 0026-1165 EI 2186-9057 J9 J METEOROL SOC JPN JI J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 89 IS 4 BP 389 EP 394 DI 10.2151/jmsj.2011-407 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 840BZ UT WOS:000296414600007 ER PT J AU Hayes, SA Bond, MH Hanson, CV Jones, AW Ammann, AJ Harding, JA Collins, AL Perez, J MacFarlane, RB AF Hayes, Sean A. Bond, Morgan H. Hanson, Chad V. Jones, Andrew W. Ammann, Arnold J. Harding, Jeffrey A. Collins, Alison L. Perez, Jeffrey MacFarlane, R. Bruce TI Down, up, down and "smolting" twice? Seasonal movement patterns by juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a coastal watershed with a bar closing estuary SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; RIVER ESTUARY; LIFE-HISTORY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CENTRAL VALLEY; KEOGH RIVER; CALIFORNIA; SURVIVAL AB We investigated emigration behavior, habitat use, and Na+,K+-ATPase activity levels of juvenile steelhead trout (sea-run rainbow trout; Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Scott Creek, a small coastal watershed with a seasonally closed estuary in central California, USA. Migratory fish moved downstream in the spring with elevated Na+,K+-ATPase activity levels. Larger fish (>150 mm) moved downstream during February and March, leaving the stream, whereas fish moving between April and June were typically smaller and tended to recruit to the estuary. The Na+,K+-ATPase activity levels of estuarine fish varied during the summer as a function of salinity and temperature, but overall levels declined from peak spring values. Many summer recruits were observed retreating upstream into the watershed when estuarine water quality declined in the fall. Rather than entering the ocean when winter storms reconnected the estuary with the ocean in early winter, many migrated downstream several months later during subsequent springs. The largest smolts observed (>190 mm fork length (L-F)) were primarily those that had reared in the estuary the previous summer. Smolts were observed making a single migration from the upper watershed, but they were smaller (similar to 120-190 mm L-F) with potentially reduced marine survival. In summary, we observed fish moving between freshwater and estuarine habitats seasonally and adjusting their osmoregulatory physiology as needed. C1 [Hayes, Sean A.; Bond, Morgan H.; Hanson, Chad V.; Jones, Andrew W.; Ammann, Arnold J.; Harding, Jeffrey A.; Collins, Alison L.; Perez, Jeffrey; MacFarlane, R. Bruce] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Hayes, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM sean.hayes@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service; California Central Coast Salmon Restoration Program; California Fisheries Restoration Grant Program FX Funding for this study was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service, the California Central Coast Salmon Restoration Program, and the California Fisheries Restoration Grant Program. Field assistance was provided by M. Atcheson, M. Beakes, S. Campbell, M. Durighello, L. Schilpp, D. Gottesman, E. Freund, K. Hauser, T. Hollenbeck, D. Kaufman, J. Krupa, C. Phillis, C. Michel, I. Ralston, D. Schperberg, S. Sogard, D. Swank, E. Sturm, R. Weidling, and J. Wong. Landowner access was provided by Big Creek Lumber Company, the Rowley family, the Wilson family, and Cal Poly's Swanton Pacific Ranch. Animal studies were approved by the UCSC Animal Use Committee and carried out according to National Institutes of Health guidelines and National Marine Fisheries Service Endangered Species Act Section 10 permit No. 1112. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 27 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 68 IS 8 BP 1341 EP 1350 DI 10.1139/F2011-062 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 835JX UT WOS:000296033800004 ER PT J AU Finger, AJ Anderson, EC Stephens, MR May, BP AF Finger, Amanda J. Anderson, Eric C. Stephens, Molly R. May, Bernard P. TI Application of a method for estimating effective population size and admixture using diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): implications for conservation of threatened Paiute cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii seleniris) in Silver King Creek, California SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INTRODUCED RAINBOW-TROUT; TEMPORALLY SPACED SAMPLES; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; INFORMATIVE SNP; DNA-SEQUENCES; GOLDEN TROUT; MONTE-CARLO; MYKISS AB The threatened Paiute cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii seleniris, PCT) is endemic to Silver King Creek, California, USA, which was stocked with non-native trout beginning in 1930. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and microsatellite data reveal that the trout population in Silver King Creek is weakly structured and composed of introgressed California golden trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita, CAGT), hatchery rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, RT), and some native PCT. Two SNP groups were analyzed: (i) one mitochondrial and five autosomal SNPs, diagnostic between Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi) or PCT and CAGT or RT and (ii) one mitochondrial and five autosomal SNPs nearly diagnostic between CAGT and RT. The five autosomal cutthroat-rainbow SNPs were used to jointly estimate the cutthroat trout mixing proportion in Silver King Creek and effective population size (N(e)) of the admixed population, using a coalescent-based maximum likelihood method. Given the stocking history of Silver King Creek, there are two different scenarios that bound the range of expected point estimates for N(e). We obtain point estimates of N(e) = 150 and N(e) = 750 for Silver King Creek under these two scenarios. This method will be useful in cases with differentiated taxa and in prioritizing conservation and restoration programs where the populations of concern are introgressed. C1 [Finger, Amanda J.; Stephens, Molly R.; May, Bernard P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Genom Variat Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Anderson, Eric C.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Finger, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Genom Variat Lab, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ajfinger@ucdavis.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service [P0882011]; California Department of Fish and Game FX The authors thank William Somer for extensive consultation and the map of Silver King Creek. In addition the authors thank the California Department of Fish and Game and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service for sampling and project support. Thanks also go to the Threatened Trout Crew for samples and Karrigan Bork for valuable comments and editing. Funding for this project was provided through a Section 6 grant for Paiute trout habitat restoration by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, contract No. P0882011 with California Department of Fish and Game. NR 68 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 24 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 68 IS 8 BP 1369 EP 1386 DI 10.1139/F2011-075 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 835JX UT WOS:000296033800007 ER PT J AU Honkalehto, T Ressler, PH Towler, RH Wilson, CD AF Honkalehto, Taina Ressler, Patrick H. Towler, Richard H. Wilson, Christopher D. TI Using acoustic data from fishing vessels to estimate walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) abundance in the eastern Bering Sea (vol 68, pg 1231, 2011) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Correction C1 [Honkalehto, Taina; Ressler, Patrick H.; Towler, Richard H.; Wilson, Christopher D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Honkalehto, T (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Taina.Honkalehto@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 68 IS 8 BP 1508 EP 1509 DI 10.1139/F2011-101 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 835JX UT WOS:000296033800017 ER PT J AU Lass, EA AF Lass, Eric A. TI Hydrogen storage measurements in novel Mg-based nanostructured alloys produced via rapid solidification and devitrification SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Mg-based alloy; Hydrogen storage; Metal hydride; Nanocrystalline material; Metallic glass ID NI; MAGNESIUM; HYDRIDE; KINETICS; SYSTEM AB Nanostructured materials for hydrogen storage with a composition of Mg(85)Ni(15-x)M(x) (M = Y or La, x = 0 or 5) are formed by devitrification of amorphous and amorphous-nanocrystalline precursors produced by melt-spinning. All three compositions exhibit a maximum storage capacity of about 5 mass % H at 573 K. When ball-milled for 30 mm in hexanes, the binary alloy can be activated (first-cycle hydrogen absorption) at 473 K. DSC experiments indicate that desorption in this sample begins at 525 K, compared to 560 K when the material is activated at 573 K; which indicates an improvement in the hydride reaction thermodynamics due to capillarity effects. Additions of Y and La improve the degradation in storage capacity observed during cycling of the binary alloy by slowing microstructural coarsening. Alloying with La also shows a decrease of about 8 kJ/mol and 5 kJ/mol in the enthalpy of reaction for MgH(2) and Mg(2)NiH(4) formation, respectively, compared to the binary alloy; resulting in some desorption of H(2) at 473 K. The improved thermodynamics are discussed in terms of destabilization of the hydrides relative to new equilibrium phases introduced by alloying additions. The proposed hydriding reaction for the La-containing material is in agreement with previously reported experimental results. Copyright (C) 2011, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lass, EA (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.lass@nist.gov RI Lass, Eric/B-4586-2014 FU National Research Council under the NIST/NRC FX EAL would like to thank the National Research Council for support under the NIST/NRC Postdoctoral Research Associate ship Program. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD AUG PY 2011 VL 36 IS 17 BP 10787 EP 10796 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.05.137 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 824XJ UT WOS:000295235200038 ER PT J AU Lowhorn, ND Wong-Ng, W Lu, ZQ Martin, J Green, ML Bonevich, JE Thomas, EL Dilley, NR Sharp, J AF Lowhorn, Nathan D. Wong-Ng, Winnie Lu, Zhan-Qian Martin, Joshua Green, Martin L. Bonevich, John E. Thomas, Evan L. Dilley, Neil R. Sharp, Jeff TI Development of a Seebeck coefficient Standard Reference Material (TM) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID 2 CANDIDATE MATERIALS; THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS; COATINGS; MERIT AB We have successfully developed a Seebeck coefficient Standard Reference Material (SRM (TM)), Bi(2)Te(3), that is essential for interlaboratory data comparison and for instrument calibration. Certification measurements were performed using a differential steady-state technique on 10 samples (15 measurements) randomly selected from a batch of 390 bars. The certified Seebeck coefficient values are provided from 10 to 390 K, and they are further supported by transient measurements. The availability of this SRM will validate measurement results, leading to a better understanding of the structure/property relationships and underlying physics of potential high-efficiency thermoelectric materials. C1 [Lowhorn, Nathan D.; Wong-Ng, Winnie; Lu, Zhan-Qian; Martin, Joshua; Green, Martin L.; Bonevich, John E.; Thomas, Evan L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dilley, Neil R.] Quantum Design Inc, San Diego, CA 92126 USA. [Sharp, Jeff] Marlow Ind Inc, Dallas, TX 75238 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov FU former Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory (currently Material Measurement Laboratory) of NIST FX The authors acknowledge the partial financial support from the former Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory (currently Material Measurement Laboratory) of NIST. The assistance of S. Claggett for sample preparation of the interface layers of one of the SRM artifacts is also acknowledged. The purpose of identifying the name of manufacturers or equipment in this article is to specify the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 26 IS 15 BP 1983 EP 1992 DI 10.1557/jmr.2011.118 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 836BC UT WOS:000296080700034 ER PT J AU Phelps, AV AF Phelps, A. V. TI Collisional kinetics of non-uniform electric field, low-pressure, direct-current discharges in H-2 SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ABNORMAL GLOW-DISCHARGE; ION ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; HYDROGEN-ATOMS; PROTON PRECIPITATION; HOT HYDROGEN; INERT-GASES; LYMAN-ALPHA; LINE-SHAPES; H-IONS AB A model of the collisional kinetics of energetic hydrogen atoms, molecules and ions in pure H-2 discharges is used to predict H-alpha emission profiles and spatial distributions of emission from the cathode regions of low-pressure, weakly ionized discharges for comparison with a wide variety of experiments. Positive and negative ion-energy distributions are also predicted. The model developed for spatially uniform electric fields and current densities less than 10(-3) Am-2 is extended to non-uniform electric fields, current densities of 10(3) Am-2 and electric field to gas density ratios E/N = 1.3 MTd at 0.002-5 Torr pressure. (1 Td = 10(-21) V m(2) and 1 Torr = 133 Pa.) The observed far-wing Doppler broadening and spatial distribution of the H a emission is consistent with reactions among H+, H-2(+), H-3(+) and H- ions, fast H atoms and fast H-2 molecules, and with reflection, excitation and attachment to fast H atoms at surfaces. The H a excitation and H- formation occur principally by collisions of fast H, fast H-2 and H+ with H-2. Simplifications include using a one-dimensional geometry, a multi-beam transport model, and the average cathode-fall electric field. The H alpha emission is linear with current density over eight orders of magnitude. The calculated ion-energy distributions agree satisfactorily with experiment for H-2(+) and H-3(+), but are only in qualitative agreement for H+ and H-. The experiments successfully modeled range from short-gap, parallel-plane glow discharges to beam-like, electrostatic-confinement discharges. C1 [Phelps, A. V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Phelps, A. V.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Phelps, AV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM avp@jila.colorado.edu FU JILA FX The author wishes to express his thanks to A Gallagher for continued helpful discussions and for a very thorough critique of the manuscript. I wish to thank N Konjevic for supplying tables of H a line profile data and for helpful correspondence, J Jolly for high quality drawings of profiles and discharge voltages and J Kipritidis for tables of emission profiles. The preparation of this review was supported in part by JILA. NR 97 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 20 IS 4 AR 043001 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/20/4/043001 PG 19 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 832TE UT WOS:000295829800002 ER PT J AU Tsuda, RT Fisher, JR Vroom, PS AF Tsuda, Roy T. Fisher, Jack R. Vroom, Peter S. TI First records of marine benthic algae from Swains Island, American Samoa SO CRYPTOGAMIE ALGOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE American Samoa; island biogeography; coral reef; long-distance dispersal; marine algae; Pacific Ocean; Swains Island ID TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SOUTH-PACIFIC; SP-NOV; CHLOROPHYTA; RHODOPHYTA; MACROALGAE; SIPHONOCLADALES; DISPERSAL; ACCOUNT AB Fifty-nine species of marine benthic algae are reported for the first time from the coral reefs of isolated Swains Island, American Samoa, based on collections made during February 2002, 2004, 2006, and March 2008 under the auspices of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The collections include 4 species of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria), 38 species of red algae, 3 species of brown algae and 14 species of green algae. Based on their frequency of occurrence at different stations during the 4 cruises, Rhipilia geppiorum and Microdictyon umbilicatum were considered the most widely distributed species during the months of February and March. Twenty-eight species represent new records for the Samoan Archipelago (American Samoa and Samoa). C1 [Vroom, Peter S.] NOAA Fisheries, Ocean Associates, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Tsuda, Roy T.; Fisher, Jack R.] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Bot Herbarium Pacificum, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. RP Vroom, PS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Ocean Associates, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, 1125B Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM Peter.Vroom@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries' Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center, Coral Reef Ecosystem Division [AB133F07CQ0051] FX The authors are grateful to Linda B. Preskitt, Kimberly N. Page, Meghan L. Dailer and Susan W. Cooper who collected the algal specimens, respectively, during the 2002, 2004, 2006 and 2008 NOAA cruises to Swains Island. The authors also appreciate the comments made by G. Robin South and an anonymous reviewer, as well as the corresponding editor, which improved the manuscript. R. T. Tsucla and J. R. Fisher acknowledge NOAA Fisheries' Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center, Coral Reef Ecosystem Division for financial support (AB133F07CQ0051) to sort and study the algal specimens from Swains Island. This study represents contribution 20111-001 of the Pacific Biological Survey, Bishop Museum. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ADAC-CRYPTOGAMIE PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE BUFFON, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0181-1568 J9 CRYPTOGAMIE ALGOL JI Cryptogam. Algol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 32 IS 3 BP 271 EP 291 PG 21 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 830KG UT WOS:000295655300004 ER PT J AU Mossine, AV Kumari, H Fowler, DA Maerz, AK Kline, SR Barnes, CL Atwood, JL AF Mossine, Andrew V. Kumari, Harshita Fowler, Drew A. Maerz, Andrew K. Kline, Steven R. Barnes, Charles L. Atwood, Jerry L. TI Ferrocene as a Hydrophobic Templating Agent with Pyrogallol[4]arenes SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE host-guest systems; nanostructures; self-assembly; supramolecular chemistry ID MOLECULAR CAPSULES C1 [Mossine, Andrew V.; Kumari, Harshita; Fowler, Drew A.; Maerz, Andrew K.; Barnes, Charles L.; Atwood, Jerry L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kline, Steven R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mossine, AV (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, 601 S Coll Ave, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM AtwoodJ@missouri.edu FU US National Science Foundation; NIBIB [T32 EB004822]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX Funding for this work has been provided by the US National Science Foundation and NIBIB Grant T32 EB004822 (A.V.M). This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0021-2148 J9 ISR J CHEM JI Isr. J. Chem. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 51 IS 7 BP 840 EP 842 DI 10.1002/ijch.201100068 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 824MG UT WOS:000295205400013 ER PT J AU Bodas-Salcedo, A Webb, MJ Bony, S Chepfer, H Dufresne, JL Klein, SA Zhang, Y Marchand, R Haynes, JM Pincus, R John, VO AF Bodas-Salcedo, A. Webb, M. J. Bony, S. Chepfer, H. Dufresne, J. -L. Klein, S. A. Zhang, Y. Marchand, R. Haynes, J. M. Pincus, R. John, V. O. TI COSP Satellite simulation software for model assessment SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; WATER-VAPOR; HADLEY-CENTER; ECMWF MODEL; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; CHANNEL RADIANCES; CLOUDSAT MISSION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ICESAT LIDAR; PRODUCTS AB By simulating the observations of multiple satellite instruments, COSP enables quantitative evaluation of clouds, humidity, and precipitation processes in diverse numerical models. C1 [Bodas-Salcedo, A.; Webb, M. J.; John, V. O.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Bony, S.; Chepfer, H.; Dufresne, J. -L.] Univ Paris 06, Meteorol Dynam Lab, Inst Pierre Simon Lapl, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Paris, France. [Klein, S. A.; Zhang, Y.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA. [Marchand, R.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Haynes, J. M.] Monash Univ, Sch Math Sci, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Pincus, R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pincus, R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Bodas-Salcedo, A (reprint author), Met Off Hadley Ctr, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. EM alejandro.bodas@metoffice.gov.uk RI Zhang, Yuying/H-5011-2012; Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013; Dufresne, Jean-Louis/I-5616-2015; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016; OI Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470; Dufresne, Jean-Louis/0000-0003-4764-9600; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X; Bony, Sandrine/0000-0002-4791-4438 FU Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre [GA01101]; NASA [NNX08AD65G]; U. S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; French LEFE project MISSTERRE; Seventh Framework Programme project EUCLIPSE; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory [NMO710860]; Office of Science at the U. S. Department of Energy FX A. Bodas-Salcedo, M. J. Webb, and V. O. John were supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). Support for S. A. Klein and Y. Zhang was provided by the Regional and Global Climate Modeling and Earth System Modeling Programs of the Office of Science at the U. S. Department of Energy with additional support from the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program. The contribution of S. A. Klein and Y. Zhang to this work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. This work benefited from the financial support of the French LEFE project MISSTERRE. This work was partly funded by the Seventh Framework Programme project EUCLIPSE. The authors would like to thank the Department of Energy Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), John Helly and Dave Randall at the Center for Multiscale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes (CMMAP), and the San Diego Supercomputing Center (SDSC) for providing the computer time and support needed to run the MMF climate model. Funding for this research was supported in part by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Contract NMO710860). R. Pincus was supported by NASA Grant NNX08AD65G. CloudSat data were obtained from the CloudSat Data Processing Center (http://cloudsat.cira.colostate.edu). CALIPSO-GOCCP data were obtained from the IPSL ClimServ/ICARE data center (http://climserv.ipsl.polytechnique.fr/cfmip-obs. html). ISCCP data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center (http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov). Thanks to those members of the NASA Langley Research Center and NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory who are generating the MISR CTH-OD dataset, including Jeff Walters, Mike Smyth, Alex Menzies, and Catherine Moroney. MODIS data were obtained from the level 1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. We thank T. H. Stein, M. Woodage, R. Forbes, C. Nam, M. Satoh, and M. Ringer for their helpful comments and feedback. We thank the three anonymous reviewers, who helped to improve the quality of the paper. NR 78 TC 161 Z9 162 U1 3 U2 54 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 92 IS 8 BP 1023 EP 1043 DI 10.1175/2011BAMS2856.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 821CE UT WOS:000294951600007 ER PT J AU Nye, JA Joyce, TM Kwon, YO Link, JS AF Nye, Janet A. Joyce, Terrence M. Kwon, Young-Oh Link, Jason S. TI Silver hake tracks changes in Northwest Atlantic circulation SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GULF-STREAM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MARINE FISHES; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; VARIABILITY; SEA; TRANSPORT; SHELF AB Recent studies documenting shifts in spatial distribution of many organisms in response to a warming climate highlight the need to understand the mechanisms underlying species distribution at large spatial scales. Here we present one noteworthy example of remote oceanographic processes governing the spatial distribution of adult silver hake, Merluccius bilinearis, a commercially important fish in the Northeast US shelf region. Changes in spatial distribution of silver hake over the last 40 years are highly correlated with the position of the Gulf Stream. These changes in distribution are in direct response to local changes in bottom temperature on the continental shelf that are responding to the same large scale circulation change affecting the Gulf Stream path, namely changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). If the AMOC weakens, as is suggested by global climate models, silver hake distribution will remain in a poleward position, the extent to which could be forecast at both decadal and multidecadal scales. C1 [Nye, Janet A.; Link, Jason S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Joyce, Terrence M.; Kwon, Young-Oh] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Nye, JA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM nye.janet@epa.gov RI Kwon, Young-Oh/C-2190-2008 OI Kwon, Young-Oh/0000-0002-1241-2817 FU NOAA; WHOI Ocean Climate Change Institute; Ocean Life Institute FX J.A.N. was supported by the NOAA Fisheries and the Environment program (FATE). T.M.J. and Y.O.K. were supported by the WHOI Ocean Climate Change Institute and Ocean Life Institute. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 2 AR 412 DI 10.1038/ncomms1420 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 819DV UT WOS:000294806500005 PM 21811241 ER PT J AU Redman, SL Lawler, JE Nave, G Ramsey, LW Mahadevan, S AF Redman, Stephen L. Lawler, James E. Nave, Gillian Ramsey, Lawrence W. Mahadevan, Suvrath TI THE INFRARED SPECTRUM OF URANIUM HOLLOW CATHODE LAMPS FROM 850 nm to 4000 nm: WAVENUMBERS AND LINE IDENTIFICATIONS FROM FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTRA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE astronomical databases: miscellaneous; atomic data; line: identification; standards ID ESTABLISHING WAVELENGTH STANDARDS; RADIAL-VELOCITIES; FREQUENCY COMBS; ENERGY-LEVELS; CALIBRATION; PRECISION; SPECTROGRAPHS; SPECTROMETER; THORIUM; REGION AB We provide new measurements of wavenumbers and line identifications of 10,100 UI and UII near-infrared (NIR) emission lines between 2500 cm(-1) and 12,000 cm(-1) (4000-850 nm) using archival Fourier transform spectrometer spectra from the National Solar Observatory. This line list includes isolated uranium lines in the Y, J, H, K, and L bands (0.9-1.1 mu m, 1.2-1.35 mu m, 1.5-1.65 mu m, 2.0-2.4 mu m, and 3.0-4.0 mu m, respectively), and provides six times as many calibration lines as thorium in the NIR spectral range. The line lists we provide enable inexpensive, commercially available uranium hollow cathode lamps to be used for high-precision wavelength calibration of existing and future high-resolution NIR spectrographs. C1 [Redman, Stephen L.; Ramsey, Lawrence W.; Mahadevan, Suvrath] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Redman, Stephen L.; Nave, Gillian] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lawler, James E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ramsey, Lawrence W.; Mahadevan, Suvrath] Penn State Univ, Ctr Exoplanets & Habitable Worlds, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Redman, SL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. FU NASA [NNXlOAN93GN, NX09AB34G]; NSF [AST 1006676, AST-0906034]; National Research Council; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds; Pennsylvania State University; Eberly College of Science; Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium FX We acknowledge support from NASA through grant NNXlOAN93G and the NAI and Origins grant NNX09AB34G, and the NSF grant AST 1006676. Financial support is provided by NSF under grant AST-0906034 and NIST. This research was partially performed while S. L. R. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST. This work was partially supported by funding from the Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds. The Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds is supported by the Pennsylvania State University, the Eberly College of Science, and the Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium. We also thank Joe Reader, John Curry, Florian Kerber, and the anonymous referee for carefully reading the paper and providing useful feedback. NR 38 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 195 IS 2 AR 24 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/195/2/24 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 818RP UT WOS:000294773000013 ER PT J AU Liu, XY Zhang, WZ Carter, MJ Xiao, G AF Liu, Xiaoyong Zhang, Wenzhe Carter, Matthew J. Xiao, Gang TI Ferromagnetic resonance and damping properties of CoFeB thin films as free layers in MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LINEWIDTH AB We have investigated the magnetization dynamics of sputtered Co40Fe40B20 thin films in a wide range of thicknesses used as free layers in MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions, with the technique of broadband ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). We have observed a large interface-induced magnetic perpendicular anisotropy in the thin film limit. The out-of-plane angular dependence of the FMR measurement revealed the contributions of two different damping mechanisms in thick and thin film limits. In thinner films (< 2 nm), two-magnon scattering and inhomogeneous broadening are significant for the FMR linewidth, while the Gilbert damping dominates the linewidth in thicker films (>= 4 nm). Lastly, we have observed an inverse scaling of Gilbert damping constant with film thickness, and an intrinsic damping constant of 0.004 in the CoFeB alloy film is determined. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3615961] C1 [Liu, Xiaoyong] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Wenzhe; Xiao, Gang] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Carter, Matthew J.] Micro Magnet Inc, Fall River, MA 02720 USA. RP Liu, XY (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xiaoyong.liu@nist.gov RI Xiao, Gang/G-5691-2011 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-0907353]; National Institure of Standarrds and Technology; NSF [IIP-0924685] FX We acknowledge helpful discussions and editorial comments of the manuscript by Dr. R. D. McMichael and Dr. J. W. Lau (National Institute of Standards and Technology). At Brown, the work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant Nos. DMR-0907353. At Micro Magnetics, this work is funded in part by the SBIR program at National Institure of Standarrds and Technology and NSF IIP-0924685. NR 28 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 6 U2 59 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 110 IS 3 AR 033910 DI 10.1063/1.3615961 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 808DN UT WOS:000293956600098 ER PT J AU Thomas, RL Zhu, M Dennis, CL Misra, V McMichael, RD AF Thomas, R. L. Zhu, M. Dennis, C. L. Misra, V. McMichael, R. D. TI Impact of Gd dopants on current polarization and the resulting effect on spin transfer velocity in Permalloy wires SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOMAIN-WALL; FILMS; SHIFT AB A spin wave Doppler technique is used to measure the spin transfer velocity and the current polarization in current-carrying (Ni(0.80)Fe(0.20))(1-x)Gd(x) alloy wires. Reduced magnetization values with Gd doping suggest possible increases in the spin transfer velocity. Contrary to these expectations, we measured a decrease in the spin transfer velocity upon introducing Gd dopants. For a current density of 10(11) A/m(2), the measured velocities range from 6.0 m/s +/- 0.6 m/s for pure Permalloy (Ni(0.80)Fe(0.20)) to 2.6 m/s +/- 0.3 m/s for (Ni(0.80)Fe(0.20))(0.945)Gd(0.055). Interpretation of these values yields a current polarization ranging from 0.71 +/- 0.02 to 0.30 +/- 0.01 for the same compositions. These results reveal that Gd dopants in Permalloy have a more significant impact on the current polarization than on the material's magnetization for these alloy compositions. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3610517] C1 [Thomas, R. L.; Misra, V.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Zhu, M.; McMichael, R. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhu, M.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dennis, C. L.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Thomas, RL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012 FU Nanoelectronics Research Initiative INDEX center; NIST-CNST/UMD-Nanocenter Cooperative Agreement; U.S. Department of Education FX We would like to acknowledge the support of the Nanoelectronics Research Initiative INDEX center, the NIST-CNST/UMD-Nanocenter Cooperative Agreement and the U.S. Department of Education Graduate Assistance in Areas on National Need (GAANN) Fellowship Program. We are grateful for the assistance of the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) Nanofab staff, especially Richard Kasica on electron-beam lithography and to John Read for preliminary FMR measurements. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 110 IS 3 AR 033902 DI 10.1063/1.3610517 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 808DN UT WOS:000293956600090 ER PT J AU Hoch, SW Montague, JR Bright, VM Rogers, CT Bertness, KA Teufel, JD Lehnert, KW AF Hoch, S. W. Montague, J. R. Bright, V. M. Rogers, C. T. Bertness, K. A. Teufel, J. D. Lehnert, K. W. TI Non-contact and all-electrical method for monitoring the motion of semiconducting nanowires SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FABRICATION; GROWTH AB The authors demonstrate an all-electric, non-contact method of monitoring the motion of semiconducting nanowires. This technique uses a microwave resonant circuit whose resonance is modulated by the varying capacitance between GaN nanowires and a metal tip. They estimate that the method is capable of detecting motion with a sensitivity of 1pm/root Hz. They verify their technique by driving a nanowire and comparing the electrical signal to the nanowire motion determined from a scanning electron microscope image. Finally, they use this technique to measure the pressure dependence of a nanowire's mechanical damping to be 8.37(0.08) Hz/Pa in the molecular flow regime. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3614562] C1 [Hoch, S. W.; Montague, J. R.; Rogers, C. T.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hoch, S. W.; Lehnert, K. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bright, V. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bertness, K. A.; Teufel, J. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hoch, SW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM scott.hoch@yale.edu RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009; Teufel, John/A-8898-2010 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649; Teufel, John/0000-0002-1873-9941 FU National Science Foundation; DARPA Center on Nanoscale Science and Technology for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical ransducers (iMINT); Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) N/MEMS [N66001-10-1-4007] FX The authors acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation and from the DARPA Center on Nanoscale Science and Technology for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical ransducers (iMINT) supported (in part, if applicable) by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) N/MEMS S & T Fundamentals program under grant no. N66001-10-1-4007 issued by the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific (SPAWAR). NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 99 IS 5 AR 053101 DI 10.1063/1.3614562 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 803XV UT WOS:000293617300063 ER PT J AU Lee, SJ Parrish, DF Park, SY Wu, WS Greybush, SJ Lee, WJ Lord, SJ AF Lee, Seung-Jae Parrish, David F. Park, Sei-Young Wu, Wan-Shu Greybush, Steven J. Lee, Woo-Jin Lord, Steven J. TI Effects of 2-m air temperature assimilation and a new near-surface observation operator on the NCEP Gridpoint statistical-interpolation system SO ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE WRF-NMM; GSI; near-surface data assimilation; mesonet; variational QC; surface observation operator; forward operator; similarity theory ID NATIONAL-METEOROLOGICAL-CENTER; MODEL; LAYER; COVARIANCES AB In this study, we assimilate 2-m air temperature data with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) regional Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) using the WRF-NMM model forecast as a first guess. Single time analysis experiments are conducted to test the impact of 2-m air temperature data on the analysis system and the results are compared with the control run without using 2-m air temperature data. The effort is focused on understanding the characteristics of observation innovations of the 2-m air temperature data. Modifications to background errors and a simple test of nonlinear quality control are also considered. The incorporation of a comprehensive near-surface observation operator based on Monin-Obukhov similarity theory is described and tested for possible operational use with the NCEP regional GSI system. The results from this new forward operator are compared with those from the existing simple forward operator. According to the results, mesonet 2-m temperature data were found to have a considerable amount of outliers compared with other 2-m temperature data. The nighttime western and central US domains indicated a model warm bias. Stations with large innovations are distributed uniformly in the nighttime western and central domains, while they are mainly located in the large cities in the daytime eastern domain. The statistical analysis of observation innovations showed that introduction of the new forward model can reduce root-mean-square errors in observation increment statistics. The results of a short assimilation experiment indicate that the new forward operator can be employed as a short-term strategy for near-surface data assimilation in the NCEP. C1 [Lee, Seung-Jae] Korea Meteorol Adm, Natl Inst Meteorol Res, Forecast Res Lab, Numer Weather Predict Div, Seoul 156720, South Korea. [Parrish, David F.; Wu, Wan-Shu; Lord, Steven J.] NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Greybush, Steven J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lee, SJ (reprint author), Korea Meteorol Adm, Natl Inst Meteorol Res, Forecast Res Lab, Numer Weather Predict Div, 460-18 Shindaebang Dong, Seoul 156720, South Korea. EM sjlee@atmos.umd.edu FU Korean Meteorological Society; KMA FX The authors acknowledge the Korean Meteorological Society for supporting the publication fee. The first author would like to thank KMA for funding this work through its visiting scientist program. The first author would also like to thank the many people from KMA/NWPD and NCEP/EMC that have made this project possible. Useful comments on this paper were provided by Drs. John Derber, Kenneth Mitchell and Takemasa Miyoshi. Dr. Stephane Laroche at Canadian Meteorological Center also gave us valuable comments. The kind assistance of Dennis Keyser, Stacie Bender and Daryl Kleist are appreciated. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU KOREAN METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA SHINKIL-DONG 508, SIWON BLDG 704, YONGDUNGPO-GU, SEOUL, 150-050, SOUTH KOREA SN 1976-7633 EI 1976-7951 J9 ASIA-PAC J ATMOS SCI JI Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 47 IS 4 BP 353 EP 376 DI 10.1007/s13143-011-0022-y PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 812MB UT WOS:000294296500005 ER PT J AU Hegaret, H da Silva, PM Wikfors, GH Haberkorn, H Shumway, SE Soudant, P AF Hegaret, Helene da Silva, Patricia Mirella Wikfors, Gary H. Haberkorn, Hansy Shumway, Sandra E. Soudant, Philippe TI In vitro interactions between several species of harmful algae and haemocytes of bivalve molluscs SO CELL BIOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bivalve; Haemocyte; Harmful algae; HAB; Immune response; Phagocytosis ID OYSTERS CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; DINOFLAGELLATE PROROCENTRUM-MINIMUM; INVERTEBRATE IMMUNE-SYSTEMS; GYMNODINIUM CF. MIKIMOTOI; FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; MUSSEL MYTILUS-EDULIS; FATTY-ACID 18/5N3; EASTERN OYSTERS; PERKINSUS-MARINUS; ALEXANDRIUM-FUNDYENSE AB Harmful algal blooms (HABs) can have both lethal and sublethal impacts on shellfish. To understand the possible roles of haemocytes in bivalve immune responses to HABs and how the algae are affected by these cells (haemocytes), in vitro tests between cultured harmful algal species and haemocytes of the northern quahog (= hard clam) Mercenaria mercenaria, the soft-shell clam Mya arenaria, the eastern and Pacific oysters Crassostrea virginica and Crassostrea gigas and the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum were carried out. Within their respective ranges of distribution, these shellfish species can experience blooms of several HAB species, including Prorocentrum minimum, Heterosigma akashiwo, Alexandrium fundyense, Alexandrium minutum and Karenia spp.; thus, these algal species were chosen for testing. Possible differences in haemocyte variables attributable to harmful algae and also effects of haemolymph and haemocytes on the algae themselves were measured. Using microscopic and flow cytometric observations, changes were measured in haemocytes, including cell morphology, mortality, phagocytosis, adhesion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as changes in the physiology and the characteristics of the algal cells, including mortality, size, internal complexity and chlorophyll fluorescence. These experiments suggest different effects of the several species of harmful algae upon bivalve haemocytes. Some harmful algae act as immunostimulants, whereas others are immunosuppressive. P. minimum appears to activate haemocytes, but the other harmful algal species tested seem to cause a suppression of immune functions, generally consisting of decreases in phagocytosis, production of ROS and cell adhesion and besides cause an increase in the percentage of dead haemocytes, which could be attributable to the action of chemical toxins. Microalgal cells exposed to shellfish haemolymph generally showed evidence of algal degradation, e. g. loss of chlorophyll fluorescence and modification of cell shape. Thus, in vitro tests allow a better understanding of the role of the haemocytes and the haemolymph in the defence mechanisms protecting molluscan shellfish from harmful algal cells and could also be further developed to estimate the effects of HABs on bivalve molluscs in vivo. C1 [Hegaret, Helene; da Silva, Patricia Mirella; Haberkorn, Hansy; Soudant, Philippe] Univ Bretagne Occidentale IUEM, LEMAR CNRS UMR 6539, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Hegaret, Helene; Shumway, Sandra E.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Wikfors, Gary H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Hegaret, H (reprint author), Univ Bretagne Occidentale IUEM, LEMAR CNRS UMR 6539, Pl Nicolas Copernic,Technopole Brest Iroise, F-29280 Plouzane, France. EM helene.hegaret@univ-brest.fr RI Hegaret, Helene/B-7206-2008 OI Hegaret, Helene/0000-0003-4639-9013 FU American Museum of Natural History; National Shellfisheries Association; USEPA/ECOHAB [523792]; Sigma Xi; Connecticut Sea Grant FX We thank Nelly Le Goic, Lise Raimbault, Madeleine Goncalvez, Jennifer Alix and Mark Dixon for their help during the experiments and the preparation of the manuscript; we also thank Ludovic Donaghy for his help preparing the manuscript. This work was supported by the Lerner Gray Fund for Marine Research from the American Museum of Natural History, the National Shellfisheries Association, Sigma Xi, Connecticut Sea Grant, and by USEPA/ECOHAB grant number 523792. NR 95 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0742-2091 EI 1573-6822 J9 CELL BIOL TOXICOL JI Cell Biol. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 27 IS 4 BP 249 EP 266 DI 10.1007/s10565-011-9186-6 PG 18 WC Cell Biology; Toxicology SC Cell Biology; Toxicology GA 814SG UT WOS:000294476800002 PM 21340660 ER PT J AU Henry, TB Petersen, EJ Compton, RN AF Henry, Theodore B. Petersen, Elijah J. Compton, Robert N. TI Aqueous fullerene aggregates (nC(60)) generate minimal reactive oxygen species and are of low toxicity in fish: a revision of previous reports SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MANUFACTURED NANOMATERIALS; PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; EMBRYONIC ZEBRAFISH; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; UV-IRRADIATION; C-60 CLUSTERS; WATER; NANOPARTICLES AB This review aims to clarify inconsistencies in previous reports regarding the potential for aqueous aggregates of fullerenes (nC(60)) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause toxicity in fish. Methods for evaluation of ROS production and toxicity of aqueous nC(60) have evolved overtime and limitations in initial studies have led to unintentional erroneous reports of nC(60) ROS generation and toxicity. Some of these reports continue to lead to misconceptions of the environmental effects of C-60. Critical review of the evidence (2007-2011) indicates that aqueous nC(60) have minimal potential to produce ROS and that oxidative stress in fish is not induced by environmentally relevant exposure to nC(60). Future studies should acknowledge that current evidence indicates low toxicity of nC(60) and refrain from citing articles that attribute toxicity in fish to nC(60) based on methods shown to be compromised by experimental artifacts. Despite low toxicity of nC(60) in fish, an emerging environmental issue is that nC(60) can affect environmental fate, transport, and bioavailability of co-contaminants in aquatic environments in a similar manner to that observed for other anthropogenic particulates (e.g., microplastics). C1 [Henry, Theodore B.] Univ Plymouth, Sch Biomed & Biol Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Henry, Theodore B.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Henry, Theodore B.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Petersen, Elijah J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Compton, Robert N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Compton, Robert N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Henry, TB (reprint author), Univ Plymouth, Sch Biomed & Biol Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. EM ted.henry@plymouth.ac.uk RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013; OI Henry, Theodore/0000-0002-9675-9454 NR 51 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 6 U2 75 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 22 IS 4 BP 533 EP 537 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.05.511 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 815LD UT WOS:000294526200009 PM 21719272 ER PT J AU Tan, ZP Chiu, C Heilweil, EJ Bendersky, LA AF Tan, Zhuopeng Chiu, Chun Heilweil, Edwin J. Bendersky, Leonid A. TI Thermodynamics, kinetics and microstructural evolution during hydrogenation of iron-doped magnesium thin films SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen storage; Mg-Fe; Films; Enthalpy; Activation energy of formation; Infrared imaging ID DEHYDRIDING PROPERTIES; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; THERMAL-STABILITY; STORAGE MATERIALS; METAL-HYDRIDES; IN-SITU; MG; NI; FE AB New results are reported suggesting that with appropriate levels of Fe doping Mg can rapidly and reversibly absorb up to 7 mass fraction (%) hydrogen at moderate temperatures and pressures useful for hydrogen storage applications. Hydrogenation kinetics and thermodynamics of Mg-4Fe at.% (+/- 1 at.%) thin films capped with Pd at temperatures ranging from 363 K to 423 K were studied by a number of different methods: in situ infrared imaging, volumetric pressure-composition isotherm (PCI) measurements, and ex situ X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The hydride growth rate was determined by utilizing wedge-shaped films and infrared imaging; assuming formation of a continuous hydride layer, the growth rate was found to range from approximate to 3.8 nm/s at lower temperature to approximate to 36.7 nm/s at higher temperature. The apparent activation energy of the thermally activated hydrogenation kinetics was measured to be 56 kJ/mol; this value suggests that at low temperatures hydrogen diffusion along grain boundaries of MgH(2) is the mechanism controlling the hydride layer growth. Reproducible PCI measurements of 600 nm-thick uniform films showed a pressure plateau and large hysteresis; from these measurements enthalpy and entropy were estimated as 66.9 kJ/mol and 0.102 kJ/(mol*K), respectively, which are both slightly less than values for pure magnesium (as either films or bulk). The extremely rapid and cyclable kinetics of Mg-4 at.% Fe films suggest that properly grown Mg Fe powders of 1-2 mu m size can be fully charged with hydrogen within 1 mm at temperature near 150 degrees C (423 K), with possible practical hydrogen storage applications. Copyright 2011, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tan, Zhuopeng; Chiu, Chun; Bendersky, Leonid A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tan, Zhuopeng] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Heilweil, Edwin J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bendersky, LA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leoben@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 68 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD AUG PY 2011 VL 36 IS 16 BP 9702 EP 9713 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.04.196 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 813NS UT WOS:000294374800034 ER PT J AU Galbraith, ED Kwon, EY Gnanadesikan, A Rodgers, KB Griffies, SM Bianchi, D Sarmiento, JL Dunne, JP Simeon, J Slater, RD Wittenberg, AT Held, IM AF Galbraith, Eric D. Kwon, Eun Young Gnanadesikan, Anand Rodgers, Keith B. Griffies, Stephen M. Bianchi, Daniele Sarmiento, Jorge L. Dunne, John P. Simeon, Jennifer Slater, Richard D. Wittenberg, Andrew T. Held, Isaac M. TI Climate Variability and Radiocarbon in the CM2Mc Earth System Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID OCEAN GENERAL-CIRCULATION; ANISOTROPIC HORIZONTAL VISCOSITY; ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; SOUTHERN ANNULAR MODE; GLOBAL CARBON-CYCLE; CAL KYR BP; EL-NINO; SEA-ICE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ATMOSPHERIC CO2 AB The distribution of radiocarbon (C-14) in the ocean and atmosphere has fluctuated on time scales ranging from seasons to millennia. It is thought that these fluctuations partly reflect variability in the climate system, offering a rich potential source of information to help understand mechanisms of past climate change. Here, a long simulation with a new, coupled model is used to explore the mechanisms that redistribute C-14 within the earth system on interannual to centennial time scales. The model, the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model version 2 (GFDL CM2) with Modular Ocean Model version 4p1(MOM4p1) at coarse-resolution (CM2Mc), is a lower-resolution version of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's CM2M model, uses no flux adjustments, and is run here with a simple prognostic ocean biogeochemistry model including C-14. The atmospheric C-14 and radiative boundary conditions are held constant so that the oceanic distribution of C-14 is only a function of internal climate variability. The simulation displays previously described relationships between tropical sea surface C-14 and the model equivalents of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation and Indonesian Throughflow. Sea surface C-14 variability also arises from fluctuations in the circulations of the subarctic Pacific and Southern Ocean, including North Pacific decadal variability and episodic ventilation events in the Weddell Sea that are reminiscent of the Weddell Polynya of 1974-76. Interannual variability in the air-sea balance of C-14 is dominated by exchange within the belt of intense "Southern Westerly" winds, rather than at the convective locations where the surface C-14 is most variable. Despite significant interannual variability, the simulated impact on air-sea exchange is an order of magnitude smaller than the recorded atmospheric C-14 variability of the past millennium. This result partly reflects the importance of variability in the production rate of C-14 in determining atmospheric C-14 but may also reflect an underestimate of natural climate variability, particularly in the Southern Westerly winds. C1 [Galbraith, Eric D.] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. [Kwon, Eun Young; Rodgers, Keith B.; Bianchi, Daniele; Sarmiento, Jorge L.; Slater, Richard D.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gnanadesikan, Anand; Griffies, Stephen M.; Dunne, John P.; Wittenberg, Andrew T.; Held, Isaac M.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Simeon, Jennifer] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Galbraith, ED (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 3450 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. EM eric.galbraith@mcgill.ca RI Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Galbraith, Eric/F-9469-2014 OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Galbraith, Eric/0000-0003-4476-4232 NR 96 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 24 IS 16 BP 4230 EP 4254 DI 10.1175/2011JCLI3919.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 814XN UT WOS:000294490600003 ER PT J AU Mekonnen, A Rossow, WB AF Mekonnen, Ademe Rossow, William B. TI The Interaction Between Deep Convection and Easterly Waves over Tropical North Africa: A Weather State Perspective SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID COUPLED EQUATORIAL WAVES; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; PHASE III; DISTURBANCES; SUMMER; ISCCP; CLIMATOLOGY; DYNAMICS; ORIGIN AB The interaction between deep convection and easterly waves over tropical North Africa is studied using a weather state (WS) dataset from the International Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) and reanalysis products from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast, as well as radiative fluxes from ISCCP and a precipitation dataset from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project. Composite analysis based on 21 yr of data shows that stronger latent and radiative heating of the atmosphere are associated with stronger, more organized, convective activity than with weaker, less organized, convective activity, implying that any transition from less to more organized and stronger convection increases atmospheric heating. Regression composites based on a meridional wind predictor reveal coherent westward propagation of WS and large-scale wind anomalies from the Arabian Sea into East Africa and through West Africa. The analysis shows that enhanced, but unorganized, convective activity, which develops over the Arabian Sea and western Indian Ocean, switches to organized convective activity prior to the appearance of the African easterly wave (AEW) signature. The results also suggest that low-level moisture flux convergence and the upper-tropospheric wind divergence facilitate this change. Thus, the upper-level easterly waves, propagating into East Africa from the Indian Ocean, enhance one form of convection, which interacts with the Ethiopian highlands to trigger another, more organized, form of convection that, in turn, initiates the low-level AEWs. C1 [Mekonnen, Ademe; Rossow, William B.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Mekonnen, A (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, T107 Steinman Hall,140 St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM amekonnen@ccny.cuny.edu RI Rossow, William/F-3138-2015 FU NASA [NNXD7AN04G, NNXD7AT10G] FX This research was supported by NASA Grants NNXD7AN04G (Modeling Analysis and Prediction) and NNXD7AT10G (CloudSat/CALIPSO). ERA-40 is obtained from the ECMWF data server at www.ecmwf.int. Initial processing of the weather state dataset was done by A. Polak. We benefited from conversations with George Kiladis of NOAA/Boulder, Chris Thorncroft of University at Albany, and Eric Tromeur of the City College of New York. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments, which greatly improved the paper. NR 51 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 24 IS 16 BP 4276 EP 4294 DI 10.1175/2011JCLI3900.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 814XN UT WOS:000294490600005 ER PT J AU Hoerling, M Hurrell, J Kumar, A Terray, L Eischeid, J Pegion, P Zhang, T Quan, XW Xu, TY AF Hoerling, Martin Hurrell, James Kumar, Arun Terray, Laurent Eischeid, Jon Pegion, Philip Zhang, Tao Quan, Xiaowei Xu, TaiYi TI On North American Decadal Climate for 2011-20 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; PREDICTION; MODEL; VARIABILITY; PROSPECTS; ENSEMBLE; DATASET; PROJECT; DROUGHT AB The predictability of North American climate is diagnosed by taking into account both forced climate change and natural decadal-scale climate variability over the next decade. In particular, the "signal" in North American surface air temperature and precipitation over 2011-20 associated with the expected change in boundary conditions related to future anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing, as well as the "noise" around that signal due to internally generated ocean-atmosphere variability, is estimated. The structural uncertainty in the estimate of decadal predictability is diagnosed by examining the sensitivity to plausible scenarios for the GHG-induced change in boundary forcing, the model dependency of the forced signals, and the dependency on methods for estimating internal decadal noise. The signal-to-noise analysis by the authors is thus different from other published decadal prediction studies, in that this study does not follow a trajectory from a particular initial state but rather considers the statistics of internal variability in comparison with the GHG signal. The 2011-20 decadal signal is characterized by surface warming over the entire North American continent, precipitation decreases over the contiguous United States, and precipitation increases over Canada relative to 1971-2000 climatological conditions. The signs of these forced responses are robust across different sea surface temperature (SST) scenarios and the different models employed, though the amplitude of the response differs. The North American decadal noise is considerably smaller than the signal associated with boundary forcing, implying a potential for high forecast skill for 2011-20 North American climate even for prediction methods that do not attempt to initialize climate models. However, the results do suggest that initialized decadal predictions, which seek to forecast externally forced signals and also constrain the internal variability, could potentially improve upon uninitialized methods in regions where the external signal is small relative to internal variability. C1 [Hoerling, Martin; Eischeid, Jon; Pegion, Philip; Zhang, Tao; Quan, Xiaowei; Xu, TaiYi] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hurrell, James] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Terray, Laurent] CERFACS, CNRS, URA1875, F-31057 Toulouse, France. RP Hoerling, M (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway,R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM martin.hoerling@noaa.gov RI Pegion, Philip/E-5247-2012; Terray, Laurent/B-8056-2008 OI Terray, Laurent/0000-0001-5512-7074 FU National Science Foundation; NOAA FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.; The authors thank Aurelien Ribes for his helpful discussions about the temporal optimal patterns, and Robin Webb and Tom Delworth for their comments regarding an earlier draft of the paper. The comments by three anonymous reviewers on an earlier draft of the paper are also gratefully acknowledged. Support for this work was provided by the NOAA Climate Program Office's Climate Variability Program. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 24 IS 16 BP 4519 EP 4528 DI 10.1175/2011JCLI4137.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 814XN UT WOS:000294490600020 ER PT J AU Dong, SF Garzoli, S Baringer, M AF Dong, Shenfu Garzoli, Silvia Baringer, Molly TI The Role of Interocean Exchanges on Decadal Variations of the Meridional Heat Transport in the South Atlantic SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; ANNULAR MODE; INTERBASIN EXCHANGE; DRAKE PASSAGE; WORLD OCEAN; VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE; EXTENSION AB The interocean exchange of water from the South Atlantic with the Pacific and Indian Oceans is examined using the output from the ocean general circulation model for the Earth Simulator (OFES) during the period 1980-2006. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the role of the interocean exchanges in the variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and its associated meridional heat transport (MHT) in the South Atlantic. The meridional heat transport from OFES shows a similar response to AMOC variations to that derived from observations: a 1 Sv (1 Sv = 10(6) m(3) s(-1)) increase in the AMOC strength would cause a 0.054 +/- 0.003 PW increase in MHT at approximately 34 degrees S. The main feature in the AMOC and MHT across 34 degrees S is their increasing trends during the period 1980-93. Separating the transports into boundary currents and ocean interior regions indicates that the increase in transport comes from the ocean interior region, suggesting that it is important to monitor the ocean interior region to capture changes in the AMOC and MHT on decadal to longer time scales. The linear increase in the MHT from 1980 to 1993 is due to the increase in advective heat converged into the South Atlantic from the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Of the total increase in the heat convergence, about two-thirds is contributed by the Indian Ocean through the Agulhas Current system, suggesting that the warm-water route from the Indian Ocean plays a more important role in the northward-flowing water in the upper branch of the AMOC at 34 degrees S during the study period. C1 [Dong, Shenfu] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Garzoli, Silvia; Baringer, Molly] NOAA AOML, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Dong, SF (reprint author), Univ Miami, CIMAS, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM shenfu.dong@noaa.gov RI Garzoli, Silvia/A-3556-2010; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012; Dong, Shenfu/I-4435-2013 OI Garzoli, Silvia/0000-0003-3553-2253; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194; Dong, Shenfu/0000-0001-8247-8072 FU NOAA [NA10OAR4310206]; NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) FX The authors thank Dr. Wilbert Weijer and the other anonymous reviewer for their valuable comments and suggestions. OFES outputs are from the Japanese Earth Simulator Center (JAMSTEC). This work is supported by NOAA Grant NA10OAR4310206 and the base funding of the NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML). NR 48 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1498 EP 1511 DI 10.1175/2011JPO4549.1 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 813ZY UT WOS:000294411600005 ER PT J AU Bowers, HA Carrion, L Hanif, A Messick, GA Zmora, O Schott, EJ AF Bowers, Holly A. Carrion, Lee Hanif, Ammar Messick, Gretchen A. Zmora, Oded Schott, Eric J. TI A REO-LIKE VIRUS ASSOCIATED WITH MORTALITIES OF BLUE CRAB CALLINECTES SAPIDUS: DEVELOPMENT OF TOOLS TO IMPROVE SOFT-SHELL CRAB AQUACULTURE. SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bowers, Holly A.; Hanif, Ammar; Schott, Eric J.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Carrion, Lee] Coveside Crabs, Dundalk, MD 21222 USA. [Messick, Gretchen A.] NOAA, USDOC, NOS, NCCOS, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Zmora, Oded] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 487 EP 487 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200053 ER PT J AU Bricker, SB Ferreira, JG Wikfors, GH Tedesco, M Rose, JM Wellman, K Miller, RL Rheault, R Mankiewicz, P AF Bricker, S. B. Ferreira, J. G. Wikfors, G. H. Tedesco, M. Rose, J. M. Wellman, K. Miller, R. Landeck Rheault, R. Mankiewicz, P. TI THE ROLE OF SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE AND NUTRIENT REMOVAL AND CREDIT TRADING IN LONG ISLAND SOUND. SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bricker, S. B.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Ferreira, J. G.] Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Inst Marine Res, P-2829516 Monte De Caparica, Portugal. [Wikfors, G. H.; Rose, J. M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Tedesco, M.] US EPA, Stamford, CT 06904 USA. [Wellman, K.] No Econ, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Miller, R. Landeck] HydroQual Inc, Mahwah, NJ 07430 USA. [Rheault, R.] E Coast Shellfish Growers Assoc, Wakefield, RI 02879 USA. [Mankiewicz, P.] Gaia Inst, Bronx, NY 10464 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 488 EP 488 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200056 ER PT J AU Brulle, F Nicolas, JL Paillard, C Sunila, I Wikfors, G AF Brulle, Franck Nicolas, Jean-Louis Paillard, Christine Sunila, Inke Wikfors, Gary TI GENE EXPRESSION AS A METHOD TO DISCRIMINATE SHELLFISH POPULATIONS AND THEIR FITNESS FOR DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS: RESULTS WITH MANILA CLAMS AND PLANS FOR EASTERN OYSTERS. SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brulle, Franck; Wikfors, Gary] NOAA, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Nicolas, Jean-Louis] IFREMER, Ctr IFREMER, F-29280 Plouzane, Bretagne, France. [Paillard, Christine] CNRS, Inst Univ Europeen Mer, F-29280 Plouzane, Bretagne, France. [Sunila, Inke] State Connecticut, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 489 EP 489 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200058 ER PT J AU Byron, C Link, J Costa-Pierce, B Bengtson, D AF Byron, Carrie Link, Jason Costa-Pierce, Barry Bengtson, David TI TRANSLATING SCIENCE FOR MANAGEMENT: CARRYING CAPACITY OF BIVALVE AQUACULTURE. SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Byron, Carrie; Bengtson, David] Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Link, Jason] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02053 USA. [Costa-Pierce, Barry] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RI Byron, Carrie/B-6606-2014 OI Byron, Carrie/0000-0003-3820-7392 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 490 EP 490 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200062 ER PT J AU Byron, C Bengtson, D Costa-Pierce, B Link, J AF Byron, Carrie Bengtson, David Costa-Pierce, Barry Link, Jason TI WORKING TOWARD CONSENSUS: APPLICATION OF CARRYING CAPACITY IN MANAGEMENT OF BIVALVE AQUACULTURE. SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Byron, Carrie; Bengtson, David] Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Costa-Pierce, Barry] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Link, Jason] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RI Byron, Carrie/B-6606-2014 OI Byron, Carrie/0000-0003-3820-7392 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 490 EP 490 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200061 ER PT J AU Chon, GD Lombardi, SA Lee, J Lane, HA Lawn, B Paynter, KT AF Chon, Grace D. Lombardi, Sara A. Lee, James Lane, Hillary A. Lawn, Brian Paynter, Kennedy T. TI CRACKING UNDER PRESSURE: COMPARING SHELL STRENGTH OF EASTERN OYSTERS (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA) AND ASIAN OYSTERS (CRASSOSTREA ARIAKENSIS) SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chon, Grace D.; Lombardi, Sara A.; Lane, Hillary A.; Paynter, Kennedy T.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lee, James; Lawn, Brian] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Paynter, Kennedy/F-9717-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 495 EP 495 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200079 ER PT J AU Croxton, AN Wikfors, GH Krome, CA Meseck, SL AF Croxton, April N. Wikfors, Gary H. Krome, Carsten A. Meseck, Shannon L. TI RECOVERY RATES OF BIVALVE HEMOCYTE INTRACELLULAR pH FOLLOWING IN VITRO ACID EXPOSURE SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Croxton, April N.; Wikfors, Gary H.; Krome, Carsten A.; Meseck, Shannon L.] NOAA, NMFS, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 498 EP 498 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200090 ER PT J AU Dickinson, K Mercaldo-Allen, R Goldberg, R Pereira, J Clark, P Kuropat, C Kardas, A Hurst, A Meseck, S AF Dickinson, Kimberly Mercaldo-Allen, Renee Goldberg, Ronald Pereira, Jose Clark, Paul Kuropat, Catherine Kardas, Amanda Hurst, Austin Meseck, Shannon TI DOES DREDGING DURING THE HARVEST OF SHELLFISH EFFECT SEDIMENT BIOGEOCHEMISTRY? SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dickinson, Kimberly; Mercaldo-Allen, Renee; Goldberg, Ronald; Pereira, Jose; Clark, Paul; Kuropat, Catherine; Kardas, Amanda; Hurst, Austin; Meseck, Shannon] NOAA, NMFS, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 500 EP 500 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200097 ER PT J AU Dixon, MS Rivara, K Li, YQ Meseck, SL Rose, JM Croxton, AN Smith, BC Wikfors, GH AF Dixon, Mark S. Rivara, Karen Li, Yaqin Meseck, Shannon L. Rose, Julie M. Croxton, April N. Smith, Barry C. Wikfors, Gary H. TI QUANTIFYING PHYTOPLANKTON CONSUMPTION BY FLUPSY-HOUSED OYSTERS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dixon, Mark S.; Li, Yaqin; Meseck, Shannon L.; Rose, Julie M.; Croxton, April N.; Smith, Barry C.; Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, DOC, NMFS, NEFSC, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Rivara, Karen] Aeros Cultured Oyster Co, Southold, NY 11971 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 500 EP 500 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200099 ER PT J AU Ferreira, JG Zhu, CB Saurel, C Bricker, SB Vale, C AF Ferreira, Joao G. Zhu, Changbo Saurel, Camille Bricker, Suzanne B. Vale, Carlos TI MODELLING THE ROLE OF BIVALVE SHELLFISH IN INTEGRATED MULTI-TROPHIC AQUACULTURE (IMTA) - EXAMPLES FOR SHRIMP PONDS AND OFFSHORE FINFISH CAGE CULTURE SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ferreira, Joao G.; Saurel, Camille] Univ Nova Lisboa, P-2829516 Monte De Caparica, Portugal. [Zhu, Changbo] S China Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Bricker, Suzanne B.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Vale, Carlos] IPIMAR, P-1449006 Alges, Portugal. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 505 EP 505 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200113 ER PT J AU Goldberg, R Mercaldo-Allen, R Clark, P Pereira, J Kuropat, C Meseck, S Dickinson, K Kardas, A Hurst, A AF Goldberg, Ronald Mercaldo-Allen, Renee Clark, Paul Pereira, Jose Kuropat, Catherine Meseck, Shannon Dickinson, Kimberly Kardas, Amanda Hurst, Austin TI MEASURING THE ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HYDRAULIC SHELLFISH DREDGING ON BENTHIC BIOTA SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Goldberg, Ronald; Mercaldo-Allen, Renee; Clark, Paul; Pereira, Jose; Kuropat, Catherine; Meseck, Shannon; Dickinson, Kimberly; Kardas, Amanda; Hurst, Austin] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 510 EP 510 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200132 ER PT J AU Hancock, B Brumbaugh, R Morlock, S AF Hancock, Boze Brumbaugh, Robert Morlock, Summer TI TAKING SHELLFISH RESTORATION TO SCALE: A DECADE OF DEVELOPMENT IN RESTORING SHELLFISH HABITATS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hancock, Boze] Univ Rhode Isl, Nat Conservancy TNC, Global Marine Team, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Brumbaugh, Robert] Nat Conservancy TNC, Restorat Program, Summerland Key, FL 33042 USA. [Morlock, Summer] NOAA, Restorat Ctr, Community Based Restorat Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 513 EP 513 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200142 ER PT J AU Hanif, A Ogburn, M White, SN Bedu, P Schott, EJ AF Hanif, Ammar Ogburn, Matthew White, Susan N. Bedu, Peter Schott, Eric J. TI USING MOLECULAR METHODS TO MONITOR PATHOGENS IN EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF BLUE CRABS (CALLINECTES SAPIDUS) SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hanif, Ammar; Schott, Eric J.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Ogburn, Matthew] Savannah State Univ, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. [White, Susan N.] NOAA, Ctr Excellence Oceans & Human Hlth, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Bedu, Peter] Delaware State Univ, Dover, DE 19901 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 514 EP 514 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200143 ER PT J AU Jacobs, J Brown, C Colwell, R Green, D Hood, R Long, W De Magny, GC Mathukumalli, BKP Murtugudde, R Rhodes, M Wood, R AF Jacobs, John Brown, Chris Colwell, Rita Green, David Hood, Raleigh Long, Wen De Magny, Guillaume Constantin Mathukumalli, Bala Krishna Prasad Murtugudde, Raghuram Rhodes, Matt Wood, Robert TI MODELING AND FORECASTING THE DISTRIBUTION OF VIBRIO SPP. IN CHESAPEAKE BAY SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jacobs, John; Brown, Chris; Green, David; Rhodes, Matt; Wood, Robert] NOAA, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Colwell, Rita; Hood, Raleigh; Long, Wen; De Magny, Guillaume Constantin; Mathukumalli, Bala Krishna Prasad; Murtugudde, Raghuram] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 518 EP 518 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200157 ER PT J AU Kapareiko, D Wikfors, GH Alix, JH Schott, E Schreier, HJ McIntosh, D Rash, JM Ukaegbu, O AF Kapareiko, Diane Wikfors, Gary H. Alix, Jennifer H. Schott, Eric Schreier, Harold J. McIntosh, Dennis Rash, Jessica M. Ukaegbu, Oluchi TI INTERACTIONS OF A PROBIOTIC BACTERIUM AND A SHELLFISH LARVAE PATHOGEN DURING HATCHERY LARVICULTURE OF EASTERN OYSTERS (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA) SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kapareiko, Diane; Wikfors, Gary H.; Alix, Jennifer H.] US DOC NOAA, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Schott, Eric] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [McIntosh, Dennis; Rash, Jessica M.] Delaware State Univ, Dover, DE 19901 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 519 EP 519 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200163 ER PT J AU Li, YQ Siddiqui, G Wikfors, GH AF Li, Yaqin Siddiqui, Ghazala Wikfors, Gary H. TI DETERMINATION OF SEX AND GONADAL DEVELOPMENT OF EASTERN OYSTERS CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA GMELIN THROUGH PROTEIN PROFILES OF HEMOLYMPH BY SELDI-TOF-MS TECHNOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Li, Yaqin; Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Siddiqui, Ghazala] Univ Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 524 EP 524 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200178 ER PT J AU Langdon, C Matson, S Barton, A Evans, F AF Langdon, Chris Matson, Sean Barton, Alan Evans, Ford TI IMPROVEMENT IN YIELDS OF PACIFIC OYSTERS CRASSOSTREA GIGAS ON THE WEST COAST, USA, IN A HETEROGENEOUS AND CHANGING ENVIRONMENT SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Langdon, Chris; Evans, Ford] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Matson, Sean] NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Barton, Alan] Whiskey Creek Hatchery, Emerald Isle, NC 28594 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 525 EP 525 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200181 ER PT J AU Mackenzie, CL Tarnowski, M AF Mackenzie, Clyde L., Jr. Tarnowski, Mitchell TI HUGE DECLINE IN LANDINGS OF WILD COMMERCIAL BIVALVE MOLLUSCS IN THE NORTHEAST UNITED STATES, 1980 TO 2010 SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mackenzie, Clyde L., Jr.] NOAA, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. [Tarnowski, Mitchell] Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 529 EP 529 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200196 ER PT J AU Milke, LM Bricelj, VM Parrish, CC AF Milke, Lisa M. Bricelj, V. Monica Parrish, Christopher C. TI DIETARY PHYTOSTEROLS AND POSTLARVAL SCALLOPS: NOT ALL STEROLS ARE TREATED EQUALLY SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Milke, Lisa M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Bricelj, V. Monica] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Parrish, Christopher C.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 533 EP 533 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200210 ER PT J AU Montanio, PA AF Montanio, Patricia A. TI NOAA FISHERIES OFFICE OF HABITAT CONSERVATION - YOUR PARTNER IN HABITAT PROTECTION AND RESTORATION SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Montanio, Patricia A.] NOAA, Fisheries Off Habitat Conservat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 533 EP 533 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200211 ER PT J AU Morton, SL Paternoster, J Nowocin, K Brim, M Shuler, A AF Morton, Steve L. Paternoster, Jeff Nowocin, Kimberly Brim, Matthew Shuler, Andrew TI VOLUNTEER CITIZEN SCIENTISTS ASSIST SHELLFISH INDUSTRY TO MONITOR HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Morton, Steve L.; Paternoster, Jeff; Nowocin, Kimberly; Brim, Matthew; Shuler, Andrew] NOAA, NOS, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 534 EP 534 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200214 ER PT J AU Nalepa, TF Fahnenstiel, GL Pothoven, SA Vanderploeg, HA AF Nalepa, Thomas F. Fahnenstiel, Gary L. Pothoven, Stephen A. Vanderploeg, Henry A. TI POPULATION TRENDS, LIFE-HABIT TRAITS, AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF THE QUAGGA MUSSEL IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nalepa, Thomas F.; Vanderploeg, Henry A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Fahnenstiel, Gary L.] NOAA, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Great Lakes Environm Stn, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Pothoven, Stephen A.] NOAA, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 537 EP 537 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200223 ER PT J AU Nelson, D AF Nelson, David TI THE NATIONAL FISH HABITAT ACTION PLAN (NFHAP): SCIENCE SUPPORTING CONSERVATION FROM SUMMIT TO SEA SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nelson, David] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 538 EP 538 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200226 ER PT J AU Rahall, B Steppe, C Westby, SR Tagan, P AF Rahall, Bethany Steppe, Cecily Westby, Stephanie Reynolds Tagan, Patrick TI A COMPARISON OF GROWTH AND OVER-WINTER MORTALITY OF HATCHERY-REARED CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA SPAT SET IN TANKS AND IN A FIELD ENCLOSURE SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rahall, Bethany; Steppe, Cecily; Tagan, Patrick] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Westby, Stephanie Reynolds] NOAA, Restorat Ctr, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RI Steppe, Cecily/K-3388-2012 OI Steppe, Cecily/0000-0002-5448-3533 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 546 EP 546 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200253 ER PT J AU Rosa, ME Ward, JE Shumway, SE Wikfors, GH Holohan, BA Pales-Espinosa, E Allam, B AF Rosa, Maria E. Ward, J. Evan Shumway, Sandra E. Wikfors, Gary H. Holohan, Bridget A. Pales-Espinosa, Emmanuelle Allam, Bassem TI THE ROLE OF PARTICLE SURFACE PROPERTIES ON FEEDING SELECTIVITY BY EASTERN OYSTERS, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA AND BLUE MUSSELS, MYTILUS EDULIS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rosa, Maria E.; Ward, J. Evan; Shumway, Sandra E.; Holohan, Bridget A.] Univ Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Wikfors, Gary H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Pales-Espinosa, Emmanuelle; Allam, Bassem] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 549 EP 549 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200264 ER PT J AU Shervette, V Van Dolah, R Stewart, J Moore-Gooch, J AF Shervette, Virginia Van Dolah, Robert Stewart, Jill Moore-Gooch, Janet TI PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF SEASONAL TRENDS IN VIBRIO VULNIFICUS AND V. PARAHAEMOLYTICUS CONCENTRATIONS FROM SOUTH CAROLINA OYSTERS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shervette, Virginia] Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29801 USA. [Van Dolah, Robert] Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29422 USA. [Stewart, Jill] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Moore-Gooch, Janet] Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 552 EP 552 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200274 ER PT J AU Tomlinson, MC Stumpf, RP Wynne, TT AF Tomlinson, Michelle C. Stumpf, Richard P. Wynne, Timothy T. TI FINDING AND FORECASTING HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tomlinson, Michelle C.; Stumpf, Richard P.; Wynne, Timothy T.] Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 558 EP 559 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200295 ER PT J AU Widman, JC Veilleux, DJ Dixon, MS AF Widman, James C., Jr. Veilleux, David J. Dixon, Mark S. TI LARVAL BAY SCALLOPS, ARGOPECTEN IRRADIANS IRRADIANS, GROW AND SURVIVE WELL WHEN FED LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF T-ISO, ISOCHRYSIS SP. SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Widman, James C., Jr.; Veilleux, David J.; Dixon, Mark S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, NOAA, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 563 EP 563 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200311 ER PT J AU Wikfors, GH AF Wikfors, Gary H. TI ECOLOGICAL, EVOLUTIONARY, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON OCEAN ACIDIFICATION AND MOLLUSCAN SHELLFISH SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wikfors, Gary H.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, NMFS, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 563 EP 563 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812SC UT WOS:000294312200312 ER PT J AU Chen, L Wang, QD Griesmann, U AF Chen, Lei Wang, Quandou Griesmann, Ulf TI Plasma etching uniformity control for making large and thick dual-focus zone plates SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Reactive ion etching; Uniformity; Zone plate AB A typical zone plate structure is composed of concentric rings with a radially decreasing feature size such that the path of light through every second zone to the focus differs by one optical wavelength. In order to minimize the wavefront error, the etching depth has to be controlled uniformly across the whole substrate area to a phase difference of one half wavelength between adjacent zones. In this study, an optimized plasma etching process has been developed to minimize the feature size variation effect and a Teflon ring has been made to eliminate the edge effect on thick fused silica. A large phase type dual-focus zone plate with varied concentric ring sizes with good etching profile and better than 2.0% etching depth uniformity was successfully made. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chen, Lei] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Quandou; Griesmann, Ulf] NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, L (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leichen@nist.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 88 IS 8 BP 2466 EP 2469 DI 10.1016/j.mee.2011.01.009 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 804OO UT WOS:000293663400207 ER PT J AU Chen, L Luciani, V Miao, HX AF Chen, Lei Luciani, Vincent Miao, Houxun TI Effect of alternating Ar and SF6/C4F8 gas flow in Si nano-structure plasma etching SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Plasma; Etching; Silicon ID SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; SILICON; FABRICATION AB Si is very reactive to normal plasma etchants such as fluorine (F) based chemicals and the reactions are inherently isotropic. To fabricate small and/or high aspect ratio nanoscale structures in Si, an anisotropic etching process is necessary. SF6 combined with C4F8 has been demonstrated as a good gas combination for anisotropic Si etching. In this study. Ar gas was introduced into the etching chamber to improve Si etching rate. In addition to mixing Ar with F etching gases directly, an alternating Ar and F gas flow process is proposed. It is interesting to see that not only Si etching rate but also etching selectivity are improved by alternating Ar bombardment and SF6/C4F8 etching steps. The Si etching rate is determined by the Ar treatment step in this new alternating Ar and F two step process. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chen, Lei; Luciani, Vincent; Miao, Houxun] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, L (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leichen@nist.gov RI Miao, Houxun/N-8233-2013 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 EI 1873-5568 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 88 IS 8 BP 2470 EP 2473 DI 10.1016/j.mee.2010.12.082 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 804OO UT WOS:000293663400208 ER PT J AU Chung, JY Lee, JH Beers, KL Stafford, CM AF Chung, Jun Young Lee, Jung-Hyun Beers, Kathryn L. Stafford, Christopher M. TI Stiffness, Strength, and Ductility of Nanoscale Thin Films and Membranes: A Combined Wrinkling-Cracking Methodology SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Mechanical properties; nanometrology; nanoscale materials; surface wrinkling; thin-film cracking; membranes ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; WATER-PURIFICATION; DEGRADATION; HYPOCHLORITE; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR; SCIENCE AB We establish and validate a measurement method based on wrinkling-cracking phenomena that allows unambiguous measurements of three fundamental mechanical properties in nanoscale thin film geometries, including elastic modulus, strength, and fracture strain. In addition to polymer and metal thin films, the method is applied to the active nanolayers of a composite reverse osmosis membrane before and after chlorination, illustrating the ability to detect a ductile-to-brittle transition in these materials indicative of "embrittlement", a behavior that impairs long-term durability and is detrimental to membrane performance. C1 [Chung, Jun Young; Lee, Jung-Hyun; Beers, Kathryn L.; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stafford, CM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chris.stafford@nist.gov RI Lee, Jung-Hyun/H-1096-2011 NR 33 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 10 U2 71 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 11 IS 8 BP 3361 EP 3365 DI 10.1021/nl201764b PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 804PJ UT WOS:000293665600052 PM 21761850 ER PT J AU Berg, RF AF Berg, Robert F. TI Thermoelectric temperature control device for vapor pressure measurements SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID APPARATUS; PRECURSORS AB The static method of measuring equilibrium vapor pressure requires locating the sample at the coldest part of the apparatus to avoid errors due to evaporation and recondensation elsewhere. This paper describes a device that can hold the sample 1 K below the temperature of the surrounding air without a liquid bath. It comprises a pair of thermoelectric elements and two thermometers attached to an insulated aluminum block. The device can operate as high as 200 degrees C while controlling the sample with a precision of 0.02 K; below 110 degrees C, the precision is 2 mK. Also described is a method to measure the small temperature offset due to heat flow between the sample and the surrounding aluminum block. The uncertainty due to the offset is small compared to the 6 mK uncertainty due to the thermometer. [doi:10.1063/1.3628668] C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Berg, RF (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NIST Office of Microelectronic Programs FX Walt Bowers assembled the copper prototype device, and Doug Olson pointed out the relevance of the fin problem. This work was funded by the NIST Office of Microelectronic Programs. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 82 IS 8 AR 085110 DI 10.1063/1.3628668 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 814VZ UT WOS:000294486600053 PM 21895278 ER PT J AU Ivanov, EN Esnault, FX Donley, EA AF Ivanov, E. N. Esnault, F. -X. Donley, E. A. TI Offset phase locking of noisy diode lasers aided by frequency division SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; SIGNALS AB For heterodyne phase locking, frequency division of the beat note between two oscillators can improve the reliability of the phase lock and the quality of the phase synchronization. Frequency division can also reduce the size, weight, power, and cost of the instrument by excluding the microwave synthesizer from the control loop when the heterodyne offset frequency is large (5 to 10 GHz). We have experimentally tested the use of a frequency divider in an optical phase-lock loop and compared the achieved level of residual phase fluctuations between two diode lasers with that achieved without the use of a frequency divider. The two methods achieve comparable phase stability provided that sufficient loop gain is maintained after frequency division to preserve the required bandwidth. We have also numerically analyzed the noise properties and internal dynamics of phase-locked loops subjected to a high level of phase fluctuations, and our modeling confirms the expected benefits of having an in-loop frequency divider. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3627535] C1 [Ivanov, E. N.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Phys M013, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Esnault, F. -X.; Donley, E. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Esnault, F. -X.] Observ Paris, SYRTE, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Ivanov, EN (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Phys M013, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM eugene@physics.uwa.edu.au RI Donley, Elizabeth/A-4525-2010 FU School of Physics of the University of Western Australia; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX The authors thank J. Kitching for helpful discussions, S. Diddams for assistance with measurements, and J. M. Le Floch for supplying customized data acquisition software. This work is supported by the School of Physics of the University of Western Australia and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 82 IS 8 AR 083110 DI 10.1063/1.3627535 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 814VZ UT WOS:000294486600011 PM 21895236 ER PT J AU Maser, D Pandey, S Ring, H Ledbetter, MP Knappe, S Kitching, J Budker, D AF Maser, D. Pandey, S. Ring, H. Ledbetter, M. P. Knappe, S. Kitching, J. Budker, D. TI Note: Detection of a single cobalt microparticle with a microfabricated atomic magnetometer SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLES; RESOLUTION AB We present magnetic detection of a single, 2 mu m diameter cobalt microparticle using an atomic magnetometer based on a microfabricated vapor cell. These results represent an improvement by a factor of 10(5) in terms of the detected magnetic moment over previous work using atomic magnetometers to detect magnetic microparticles. The improved sensitivity is due largely to the use of small vapor cells. In an optimized setup, we predict detection limits of 0.17 mu m(3). (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3626505] C1 [Maser, D.; Pandey, S.; Ledbetter, M. P.; Budker, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ring, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Knappe, S.; Kitching, J.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Knappe, S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Budker, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Maser, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dmaser@berkeley.edu RI Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 FU (U.S.) Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-0957655]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX Research was supported by the (U.S.) Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 (H. R.), by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Award No. CHE-0957655 (D. M., D. B., and M. P. L.), and by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (S. K. and J.K.). We gratefully acknowledge discussions with S. Xu and L. S. Bouchard. This work is a partial contribution of NIST, an agency of the US government, and is not subject to copyright. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 82 IS 8 AR 086112 DI 10.1063/1.3626505 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 814VZ UT WOS:000294486600065 PM 21895290 ER PT J AU Porcar, L Pozzo, D Langenbucher, G Moyer, J Butler, PD AF Porcar, L. Pozzo, D. Langenbucher, G. Moyer, J. Butler, P. D. TI Rheo-small-angle neutron scattering at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SHEAR-INDUCED STRUCTURES; APPARATUS; SYSTEMS; SANS; GELS AB We describe the design and operation of a modified commercial rheometer to simultaneously perform rheological measurements and structural studies by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). The apparatus uses a Couette geometry shear cell allowing two of the three scattering planes to be observed by performing experiments in either the radial or tangential geometries. The device enables small angle neutron scattering patterns to be obtained simultaneously with a wide variety of rheological measurements such as stress/strain flow curves, oscillatory deformations, and creep, recovery and relaxation tests, from -20 degrees C to 150 degrees C, for samples with viscosities varying by several orders of magnitude. We give a brief report of recent experiments performed on a dispersion of acicular nanoparticles and biopolymer network under stress demonstrating the utility of such measurements. This device has been developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) and made available to the complex fluids community as part of the standard sample environment equipment. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3609863] C1 [Porcar, L.; Pozzo, D.; Moyer, J.; Butler, P. D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Porcar, L.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pozzo, D.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Langenbucher, G.] Anton Paar USA, Ashland, VA 23005 USA. RP Porcar, L (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX The NG3 and NG7 SANS instruments are operated by the NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce. Portions of this work, including funding for the NG3 beamline, were supported by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. The authors thank Norm Wagner for help with the experimental example section. The authors also wish to acknowledge Jamie Shultz, Sungmin Choi, Bryan Greenwald, and Jeff Krzywon for their contributions over the years to the development of this new capability. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 82 IS 8 AR 083902 DI 10.1063/1.3609863 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 814VZ UT WOS:000294486600028 PM 21895253 ER PT J AU Campbell, CE Rukhin, AL AF Campbell, C. E. Rukhin, A. L. TI Evaluation of self-diffusion data using weighted means statistics SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Diffusion; CALPHAD; Ni; Al; Statistical meta-analysis ID IRON-NICKEL ALLOYS; NUMERICAL TREATMENT; LOW-TEMPERATURES; COBALT ALLOYS; PURE NICKEL; ALUMINUM; NI; GOLD; COEFFICIENT; DEPENDENCE AB Several CALPHAD-based assessments of the self-diffusion mobility of Ni in pure Ni and Al in pure Al have been published. In an effort to determine which assessment best represents the experimental data, weighted means statistics are used to determine consensus estimators for the data. The advantage of this statistical approach, which uses a Gaussian distribution to represent the experimental error associated with each study, is that the relative error between studies is evaluated and that all available information is used to determine the best estimates of the parameters common to all of the included studies. The results of these statistical analyses are compared with previous CALPHAD-based diffusion mobility assessments. The comparisons show that inclusion of more of the available experimental data does not necessarily yield a more statistically accurate representation of the data. More generally, this analysis demonstrates how weighted mean statistics can be used to evaluate data that is a function of multiple parameters. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Campbell, C. E.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rukhin, A. L.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Campbell, CE (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Carelyn.campbell@nist.gov NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 59 IS 13 BP 5194 EP 5201 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2011.04.055 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 797GX UT WOS:000293113600014 ER PT J AU Levine, LE Geantil, P Larson, BC Tischler, JZ Kassner, ME Liu, WJ Stoudt, MR Tavazza, F AF Levine, Lyle E. Geantil, Peter Larson, Bennett C. Tischler, Jonathan Z. Kassner, Michael E. Liu, Wenjun Stoudt, Mark R. Tavazza, Francesca TI Disordered long-range internal stresses in deformed copper and the mechanisms underlying plastic deformation SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Internal stresses; Synchrotron diffraction; X-ray diffraction; Dislocation structure; Composite model ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; METAL CRYSTALS; STRAIN; CELL; DIFFRACTION; RESOLUTION; CREEP AB The strength of wavy glide metals increases dramatically during deformation as dislocations multiply and entangle, forming dense dislocation wall structures. Numerous competing models have been proposed for this process but experimental validation and guidance for further model development require new experimental approaches capable of resolving local stresses within the dislocation microstructure. We use three-dimensional X-ray microscopy combining submicrometer spatial resolution with diffracted-beam masking to make direct measurements of axial elastic strain (and thus stress) in individual dislocation cell walls and their adjacent cell interiors in heavily deformed copper. These spatially resolved measurements show broad, asymmetric distributions of dipolar stresses that directly discriminate between long-standing deformation models and demonstrate that the distribution of local stresses is statistically connected to the global behavior through simple rules. (C) 2011 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Levine, Lyle E.; Stoudt, Mark R.; Tavazza, Francesca] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Geantil, Peter; Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Larson, Bennett C.; Tischler, Jonathan Z.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Liu, Wenjun] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Levine, LE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lyle.levine@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU US Department of Energy (DOE), Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; National Science Foundation [DMR-901838]; DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the University of Southern California was supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; M.E.K. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation through DMR-901838; the XOR/UNI facilities on Sectors 33 and 34 at the APS are supported by the DOE Office of Science under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 59 IS 14 BP 5803 EP 5811 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2011.05.056 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 809YA UT WOS:000294091400041 ER PT J AU Bao, W Huang, QZ Chen, GF Green, MA Wang, DM He, JB Qiu, YM AF Bao Wei Huang Qing-Zhen Chen Gen-Fu Green, M. A. Wang Du-Ming He Jun-Bao Qiu Yi-Ming TI A Novel Large Moment Antiferromagnetic Order in K0.8Fe16Se2 Superconductor SO CHINESE PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC ORDER AB The discovery of cuprate high T-C superconductors has inspired the search for unconventional superconductors in magnetic materials. A successful recipe has been to suppress long-range order in a magnetic parent compound by doping or high pressure to drive the material towards a quantum critical point. We report an exception to this rule in the recently discovered potassium iron selenide. The superconducting composition is identified as the iron vacancy ordered K0.83(2)Fe1.64(1)Se2 with T-C above 30K. A novel large moment 3.31 mu(B)/Fe antiferromagnetic order that conforms to the tetragonal crystal symmetry has an unprecedentedly high ordering temperature T-N approximate to 559 K for a bulk superconductor. Staggeringly polarized electronic density of states is thus suspected, which would stimulate further investigation into superconductivity in a strong spin-exchange field under new circumstances. C1 [Bao Wei; Chen Gen-Fu] Renmin Univ China, Dept Phys, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. [Huang Qing-Zhen; Green, M. A.; Qiu Yi-Ming] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Green, M. A.; Qiu Yi-Ming] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Bao, W (reprint author), Renmin Univ China, Dept Phys, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. EM wbao@ruc.edu.cn RI Bao, Wei/E-9988-2011; ruc, phy/E-4170-2012 OI Bao, Wei/0000-0002-2105-461X; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [11034012, 10834013, 10974254]; National Basic Research Program of China [2011CBA00112, 2010CB923000, 2009CB009100] FX The work at RUC was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11034012, 10834013 and 10974254, and the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant Nos 2011CBA00112, 2010CB923000 and 2009CB009100. NR 31 TC 281 Z9 283 U1 11 U2 78 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0256-307X EI 1741-3540 J9 CHINESE PHYS LETT JI Chin. Phys. Lett. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 28 IS 8 AR 086104 DI 10.1088/0256-307X/28/8/086104 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 810BL UT WOS:000294100300058 ER PT J AU Remley, KA Floris, SJ Shah, HA Holloway, CL AF Remley, Kate A. Floris, Sander J. Shah, Haider A. Holloway, Christopher L. TI Static and Dynamic Propagation-Channel Impairments in Reverberation Chambers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE Bit error rate (BER); coherence bandwidth; digitally modulated signal; measurement; multipath; propagation channel; reverberation chamber; wireless system ID ERROR RATE MEASUREMENTS; WIRELESS DEVICES; DELAY SPREAD; ENVIRONMENT; EMULATION AB We study the separate and combined effects of static and dynamic multipath channels created in a reverberation chamber on bit-error-rate (BER) measurements of digitally modulated signals. We demonstrate measurement methods to identify individually sources of bit errors arising from a frequency selective channel and discuss why the speed of the mode-stirring paddle impacts the level of BER for certain modulated-signal data rates and bandwidths. An unloaded, high-Q reverberation chamber is studied in the 700 MHz frequency band to clearly illustrate both static and dynamic multipath effects. We describe a rigorous method for calculating the 95% confidence intervals of the measured BER and study the repeatability of the mode-stirring paddle. Our paper illustrates the importance of understanding the correct error bounds when identifying different sources of impairment. C1 [Remley, Kate A.; Floris, Sander J.; Shah, Haider A.; Holloway, Christopher L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Floris, Sander J.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, Fac Elect Engn, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP Remley, KA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM remley@boulder.nist.gov; s.j.floris@student.tue.nl; hyder.a.shah@gmail.com; holloway@boulder.nist.gov NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 53 IS 3 BP 589 EP 599 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2010.2100823 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 810NJ UT WOS:000294131700005 ER PT J AU Zhang, JT Lin, H Feng, XJ Sun, JP Gillis, KA Moldover, MR Duan, YY AF Zhang, J. T. Lin, H. Feng, X. J. Sun, J. P. Gillis, K. A. Moldover, M. R. Duan, Y. Y. TI Progress Toward Redetermining the Boltzmann Constant with a Fixed-Path-Length Cylindrical Resonator SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Acoustic resonance; Boltzmann constant; Fixed-path-length cylindrical resonator; Kelvin; Speed-of-sound ID ACOUSTIC THERMOMETRY; SPHERICAL RESONATOR; TRIPLE POINT; GAS-CONSTANT; ARGON; SOUND; TEMPERATURES; CALIBRATION; GALLIUM; MERCURY AB A single, fixed-path-length cylindrical-cavity resonator was used to measure c (0) = (307.825 2 +/- 0.001 2) m center dot s(-1), the zero-density limit of the speed of sound in pure argon at the temperature of the triple point of water. Three even and three odd longitudinal modes were used in this measurement. Based on the ratio M/gamma (0) = (23.968 644 +/- 0.000 033) g center dot mol(-1), determined from an impurity and isotopic analysis of the argon used in this measurement and the measured c (0), the value k (B) = 1.380 650 6 x 10(-23)J center dot K(-1) was obtained for the Boltzmann constant. This value of k (B) has a relative uncertainty u (r)(k (B)) = 7.9 x 10(-6) and is fractionally, (0.12 +/- 8.1) x 10(-6) larger than the value recommended by CODATA in 2006. (The uncertainty is one standard uncertainty.) Several, comparatively large imperfections of our prototype cavity affect the even longitudinal modes more than the odd modes. The models for these imperfections are approximate, but they suggest that an improved cavity will significantly reduce the uncertainty of c (0). C1 [Zhang, J. T.; Lin, H.; Feng, X. J.; Sun, J. P.] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. [Gillis, K. A.; Moldover, M. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Duan, Y. Y.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. EM zhangjint@nim.ac.cn RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013 FU National Science and Technology Pillar Program [2006BAF06B00]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [50906076, 51076074] FX The authors thank D. C. Ripple of NIST and F. Pavese of INRiM for their helpful suggestions to prevent gas contamination. We thank James B. Mehl for his valuable analyses of the shell motions of cylinder cavity. We thank L. Pitre, R. Gavioso, and M. de Podesta for their kind concerns and encouragement. We are grateful to Ms. Deullae Min and Dr. Jin Seog Kim of KRISS for their timely analysis of our argon sample. This work was supported by the National Science and Technology Pillar Program (2006BAF06B00) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50906076 and No. 51076074). NR 38 TC 35 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 32 IS 7-8 SI SI BP 1297 EP 1329 DI 10.1007/s10765-011-1001-3 PG 33 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 809OL UT WOS:000294066500001 ER PT J AU Peruzzi, A Dobre, M Strouse, G Van Geel, J AF Peruzzi, A. Dobre, M. Strouse, G. Van Geel, J. TI Doping Experiments with Water Triple-Point Cells SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Impurities in water triple-point cells; Raoult's law for ideal diluted solutions; Water triple point temperature ID TEMPERATURE AB Water triple-point cells were manufactured with the ad hoc addition of known amounts ((1 to 10) mu mol center dot mol(-1)) of Si and Na impurities to cell high-purity water. The depressions of the triple-point temperatures realized by the doped cells with respect to 273.16 K were measured and found substantially different from what is expected by Raoult's law for ideal diluted solutions. C1 [Peruzzi, A.; Van Geel, J.] Dutch Metrolgy Inst, VSL, NL-2600 AR Delft, Netherlands. [Dobre, M.] FPS Econ, SMD, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Strouse, G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Peruzzi, A (reprint author), Dutch Metrolgy Inst, VSL, POB 654, NL-2600 AR Delft, Netherlands. EM aperuzzi@vsl.nl NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 32 IS 7-8 SI SI BP 1553 EP 1562 DI 10.1007/s10765-011-1013-z PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 809OL UT WOS:000294066500024 ER PT J AU Sasajima, N Gibson, CE Khromchenko, V Saunders, RD Yoon, HW AF Sasajima, N. Gibson, C. E. Khromchenko, V. Saunders, R. D. Yoon, H. W. TI Radiometric Temperature Comparisons of Three NIST Gold Freezing-Point Blackbodies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Gold fixed-point temperatures; Radiance temperatures; Radiation thermometer AB Radiometric temperature comparisons of three NIST gold freezing-temperature blackbodies are described. The blackbodies are used in different facilities with different furnaces for the radiance temperature and spectral radiance scales, and the comparisons are needed to determine the equivalence of the gold-point based realizations. The temperatures of each gold-point blackbody are compared against each other using a detector-based radiation thermometer which is calibrated using the cryogenic electrical substitution radiometer. These measurements were performed over a month period in 2004 and compared to the previous measurements of two of the same blackbodies in 1991. The freezing temperatures of all three blackbodies are found to be in agreement to < 10 mK (k = 2), and the differences are within the comparison uncertainties. These differences are in agreement, within the combined uncertainties, with the < 16 mK (k = 1) differences found in 1991. C1 [Gibson, C. E.; Saunders, R. D.; Yoon, H. W.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sasajima, N.] Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Radiat Thermometry Sect, AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. [Khromchenko, V.] Utah State Univ, Space Dynam Lab, NIST USU Joint Program Opt Sensor Calibrat, N Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Yoon, HW (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hyoon@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X EI 1572-9567 J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 32 IS 7-8 SI SI BP 1664 EP 1673 DI 10.1007/s10765-011-1012-0 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 809OL UT WOS:000294066500034 ER PT J AU Hennon, CC Helms, CN Knapp, KR Bowen, AR AF Hennon, Christopher C. Helms, Charles N. Knapp, Kenneth R. Bowen, Amanda R. TI An Objective Algorithm for Detecting and Tracking Tropical Cloud Clusters: Implications for Tropical Cyclogenesis Prediction SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE INFRARED IMAGERY; OBSERVATIONAL ANALYSIS; MODEL FORECASTS; CLIMATOLOGY; EVOLUTION; METHODOLOGY; CALIBRATION; REANALYSIS; PROJECT; SYSTEMS AB An algorithm to detect and track global tropical cloud clusters (TCCs) is presented. TCCs are organized large areas of convection that form over warm tropical waters. TCCs are important because they are the "seedlings'' that can evolve into tropical cyclones. A TCC satisfies the necessary condition of a "preexisting disturbance,'' which provides the required latent heat release to drive the development of tropical cyclone circulations. The operational prediction of tropical cyclogenesis is poor because of weaknesses in the observational network and numerical models; thus, past studies have focused on identifying differences between "developing'' (evolving into a tropical cyclone) and "nondeveloping'' (failing to do so) TCCs in the global analysis fields to produce statistical forecasts of these events. The algorithm presented here has been used to create a global dataset of all TCCs that formed from 1980 to 2008. Capitalizing on a global, Gridded Satellite (GridSat) infrared (IR) dataset, areas of persistent, intense convection are identified by analyzing characteristics of the IR brightness temperature (T(b)) fields. Identified TCCs are tracked as they move around their ocean basin (or cross into others); variables such as TCC size, location, convective intensity, cloud-top height, development status (i.e., developing or nondeveloping), and a movement vector are recorded in Network Common Data Form (NetCDF). The algorithm can be adapted to near-real-time tracking of TCCs, which could be of great benefit to the tropical cyclone forecast community. C1 [Hennon, Christopher C.] Univ N Carolina, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Helms, Charles N.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Knapp, Kenneth R.] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Bowen, Amanda R.] NOAA Natl Weather Serv, Melbourne, FL USA. RP Hennon, CC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, CPO 2450,1 Univ Hts, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. EM chennon@unca.edu RI Knapp, Kenneth/E-9817-2011 FU NOAA Climate Change Data and Detection (CCDD) [OAR-CPO-2009-2001430]; UNC Asheville Undergraduate Research Program Advisory Council FX This work was primarily supported by the NOAA Climate Change Data and Detection (CCDD) program Opportunity OAR-CPO-2009-2001430. Mr. Helms also received support from a UNC Asheville Undergraduate Research Program Advisory Council research grant. Discussions with Mark DeMaria inspired the development of this algorithm. We would also like to thank the IBTrACS team at the National Climatic Data Center for their helpful suggestions. Comments from three anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1007 EP 1018 DI 10.1175/2010JTECHA1522.1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 812XK UT WOS:000294326600003 ER PT J AU Zheng, QA Tai, CK Hu, JY Lin, HY Zhang, RH Su, FC Yang, XF AF Zheng, Quanan Tai, Chang-Kuo Hu, Jianyu Lin, Hongyang Zhang, Rong-Hua Su, Feng-Chun Yang, Xiaofeng TI Satellite altimeter observations of nonlinear Rossby eddy-Kuroshio interaction at the Luzon Strait SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Satellite altimeter; Nonlinear Rossby eddies; Kuroshio; Eddy-Kuroshio interaction; Luzon Strait; South China Sea ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; SURFACE HEIGHT; WAVES; INTRUSION AB Satellite altimeter sea level data from 1993 to 2008 are used to analyze the interaction of nonlinear Rossby eddies with the Kuroshio at the Luzon Strait (LS). The sea level anomaly data show that the west Pacific (WP) is a source of nonlinear Rossby eddies, and the South China Sea (SCS) is a sink. The LS serves as a gateway between the two. The scale analysis indicates that eddies with a radius larger than 150 km are strong enough to significantly alter the Kuroshio and are able to modify the local circulation pattern. Statistical analysis indicates that the probability for eddies to penetrate through the Kuroshio may reach at least 60%. A case study of an anticyclonic mesoscale eddy passing through the LS in June-July 2004 indicates that the Kuroshio behaves as an unsteady flow with its stream path frequently modified, in a way of cutting off, meandering and branching during its interaction with the eddy. We therefore suggest that nonlinear Rossby eddies may play a significant role in modification of the local circulation system near the LS and in exchanges of the mass, momentum and energy between the WP and the SCS. C1 [Zheng, Quanan] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tai, Chang-Kuo] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Hu, Jianyu; Lin, Hongyang] Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Coll Oceanog & Environm Sci, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Rong-Hua] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Su, Feng-Chun] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Marine Biotechnol & Resources, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. [Yang, Xiaofeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Zheng, QA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM quanan@atmos.umd.edu RI Tai, C.K./F-5628-2010; yang, xiaofeng/K-5245-2015 OI yang, xiaofeng/0000-0001-9920-4641 FU United States of America National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [05-01-11-000]; United States of America National Science Foundation [AGS-1061998]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40976013]; National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB411803, 2009CB421208] FX This work is supported by the United States of America National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service Ocean Remote Sensing Funding Program 05-01-11-000 (for Zheng and Tai), partially by the United States of America National Science Foundation Program AGS-1061998 (for Zheng and Zhang), National Natural Science Foundation of China through project 40976013 and the National Basic Research Program of China through projects of 2007CB411803 and 2009CB421208 (for Hu and Lin). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 42 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0916-8370 J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 67 IS 4 BP 365 EP 376 DI 10.1007/s10872-011-0035-2 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 811DB UT WOS:000294181200003 ER PT J AU Carlson, AD Pronyaev, VG Hambsch, FJ Kappeler, F Mannhart, W Mengoni, A Nelson, RO Talou, P Tagesen, S Vonach, H AF Carlson, Allan D. Pronyaev, Vladimir G. Hambsch, Franz-Josef Kaeppeler, Franz Mannhart, Wolf Mengoni, Alberto Nelson, Ronald O. Talou, Patrick Tagesen, Siegfried Vonach, Herbert TI An Update of the Nuclear Data Standards Activities SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Standards; Standard cross sections; Fission neutron spectrum; ND2010; Nuclear data; ENDF ID CAPTURE CROSS-SECTION; DETECTOR AB To allow new experimental data and improvements in evaluation procedure to be used in a timely manner in producing standards evaluations, an IAEA Data Development Project was initiated. For this project, it was decided that, in addition to the traditional activities related to standards, studies should be done on the possibility of extending the energy ranges of the standards and whether to include "reference data" that are not as well known as the standards but can be very useful in the measurements of certain types of cross sections. Activities include; an update of the experimental database for the traditional standards; improvements in smoothing procedures for capture cross sections, a review of the status of Cf-252 spontaneous fission neutron spectrum measurements; new work on the U-235 thermal neutron induced fission neutron spectrum that is not a standard but is important for reactor applications; improved calculations for fission neutron spectra; consideration of the Au-197 capture reaction as a reference cross section for capture cross-section measurements at energies of importance to astrophysics; and a study of reference cross sections for prompt gamma-ray production in fast neutron-induced reactions. A review of the progress made by this project will be given. C1 [Carlson, Allan D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pronyaev, Vladimir G.] Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk 249033, Kaluga Region, Russia. [Hambsch, Franz-Josef] EC JRC IRMM, B-2400 Geel, Belgium. [Kaeppeler, Franz] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IK, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Mannhart, Wolf] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Mengoni, Alberto] Natl Agcy New Technol Energy & Sustainable Econ D, Bologna, Italy. [Nelson, Ronald O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE NS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Talou, Patrick] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T16, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Tagesen, Siegfried; Vonach, Herbert] Univ Vienna, Inst Isotopenforsch & Kernphys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Carlson, AD (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8463, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carlson@nist.gov RI Mengoni, Alberto/I-1497-2012 OI Mengoni, Alberto/0000-0002-2537-0038 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 59 IS 2 SI SI BP 1390 EP 1395 DI 10.3938/jkps.59.1390 PN 3 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 809TV UT WOS:000294080500144 ER PT J AU Voisin, N Pappenberger, F Lettenmaier, DP Buizza, R Schaake, JC AF Voisin, Nathalie Pappenberger, Florian Lettenmaier, Dennis P. Buizza, Roberto Schaake, John C. TI Application of a Medium-Range Global Hydrologic Probabilistic Forecast Scheme to the Ohio River Basin SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS TMPA; ENSEMBLE PREDICTION SYSTEM; FLOOD MONITORING-SYSTEM; ROUTING MODEL; ALERT SYSTEM; ECMWF MODEL; UNCERTAINTY; RESOLUTION; STREAMFLOW; SKILL AB A 10-day globally applicable flood prediction scheme was evaluated using the Ohio River basin as a test site for the period 2003-07. The Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrology model was initialized with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis temperatures and winds, and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) precipitation up to the day of forecast. In forecast mode, the VIC model was then forced with a calibrated and statistically downscaled ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System (EPS) 10-day ensemble forecast. A parallel setup was used where ECMWF EPS forecasts were interpolated to the spatial scale of the hydrology model. Each set of forecasts was extended by 5 days using monthly mean climatological variables and zero precipitation in order to account for the effects of the initial conditions. The 15-day spatially distributed ensemble runoff forecasts were then routed to four locations in the basin, each with different drainage areas. Surrogates for observed daily runoff and flow were provided by the reference run, specifically VIC simulation forced with ECMWF analysis fields and TMPA precipitation fields. The hydrologic prediction scheme using the calibrated and downscaled ECMWF EPS forecasts was shown to be more accurate and reliable than interpolated forecasts for both daily distributed runoff forecasts and daily flow forecasts. The initial and antecedent conditions dominated the flow forecasts for lead times shorter than the time of concentration depending on the flow forecast amounts and the drainage area sizes. The flood prediction scheme had useful skill for the 10 following days at all sites. C1 [Voisin, Nathalie; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Pappenberger, Florian; Buizza, Roberto] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Schaake, John C.] NOAA, NWS, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Lettenmaier, DP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dennisl@u.washington.edu RI lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011; Voisin, Nathalie/D-8845-2014; Pappenberger, Florian/A-2839-2009; OI lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327; Pappenberger, Florian/0000-0003-1766-2898; Voisin, Nathalie/0000-0002-6848-449X FU NASA [NNX10AG87G] FX This work was supported in part by NASA Grant NNX10AG87G to the University of Washington. NR 64 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 26 IS 4 BP 425 EP 446 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-10-05032.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 811VL UT WOS:000294244200001 ER PT J AU Reeves, HD Elmore, KL Manikin, GS Stensrud, DJ AF Reeves, Heather Dawn Elmore, Kimberly L. Manikin, Geoffrey S. Stensrud, David J. TI Assessment of Forecasts during Persistent Valley Cold Pools in the Bonneville Basin by the North American Mesoscale Model SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LOW-ANGLE SLOPE; ETA-MODEL; TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; COORDINATE MODEL; DOWNSLOPE FLOWS; COLUMBIA BASIN; STABLE LAYER; WINTER GAMES AB North American Mesoscale Model (NAM) forecasts of low-level temperature and dewpoint during persistent valley cold pools in the Bonneville Basin of Utah are assessed. Stations near the east sidewall have a daytime cold and nighttime warm bias. This is due to a poor representation of the steep slopes on this side of the basin. Basin stations where the terrain is better represented by the model have a distinct warm, moist bias at night. Stations in snow-covered areas have a cold bias for both day and night. Biases are not dependent on forecast lead or validation time. Several potential causes for the various errors are considered in a series of sensitivity experiments. An experiment with 4-km grid spacing, which better resolves the gradient of the slopes on the east side of the basin, yields smaller errors along the east corridor of the basin. The NAM assumes all soil water freezes at a temperature of 273 K. This is likely not representative of the freezing temperature in the salt flats in the western part of the basin, since salt reduces the freezing point of water. An experiment testing this hypothesis shows that reducing the freezing point of soil water in the salt flats leads to an average error reduction between 1.5 and 4 K, depending on the station and time of day. Using a planetary boundary layer scheme that has greater mixing alleviates the cold bias over snow somewhat, but the exact source of this bias could not be determined. C1 [Reeves, Heather Dawn] Univ Oklahoma, DOC NOAA OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Reeves, Heather Dawn; Elmore, Kimberly L.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Manikin, Geoffrey S.] Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Reeves, HD (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, DOC NOAA OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Ste 2401, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM heather.reeves@noaa.gov FU National Research Council; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1227] FX This study was made possible in part due to the data made available by the governmental agencies, commercial firms, and educational institutions participating in MesoWest. Partial funding for H. Reeves was provided by the National Research Council. Comments from S. Zhong and two anonymous reviewers were helpful for improving the manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 26 IS 4 BP 447 EP 467 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-10-05014.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 811VL UT WOS:000294244200002 ER PT J AU Palucki, JL Biggerstaff, MI MacGorman, DR Schuur, T AF Palucki, Jennifer L. Biggerstaff, Michael I. MacGorman, Donald R. Schuur, Terry TI Comparison between Low-Flash and Non-Lightning-Producing Convective Areas within a Mature Mesoscale Convective System SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PHASED-ARRAY RADAR; THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; PRECIPITATION DEVELOPMENT; RIMING ELECTRIFICATION; FLORIDA THUNDERSTORM; CHARGE-TRANSFER; WEATHER RADAR; SEVERE STORMS AB Two small multicellular convective areas within a larger mesoscale convective system that occurred on 20 June 2004 were examined to assess vertical motion, radar reflectivity, and dual-polarimetric signatures between flash and non-flash-producing convection. Both of the convective areas had similar life cycles and general structures. Yet, one case produced two flashes, one of which may have been a cloud-to-ground flash, while the other convective area produced no flashes. The non-lightning-producing case had a higher peak reflectivity up to 6 km. Hence, if a reflectivity-based threshold were used as a precursor to lightning, it would have yielded misleading results. The peak upward motion in the mixed-phase region for both cases was 8 m s(-1) or less. However, the lightning-producing storm contained a wider region where the updraft exceeded 5 m s(-1). Consistent with the broader updraft region, the lightning-producing case exhibited a distinct graupel signature over a broader region than the non-lightning-producing convection. Slight differences in vertical velocity affected the quantity of graupel present in the mixed-phase region, thereby providing the subtle differences in polarimetric signatures that were associated with lightning activity. If the results here are generally applicable, then graupel volume may be a better precursor to a lightning flash than radar reflectivity. With the dual-polarimetric upgrade to the national observing radar network, it should be possible to better distinguish between lightning-and non-lightning-producing areas in weak convective systems that pose a potential safety hazard to the public. C1 [Palucki, Jennifer L.] Natl Weather Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Schuur, Terry] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [MacGorman, Donald R.; Schuur, Terry] Univ Oklahoma, NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Biggerstaff, MI (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM drdoppler@ou.edu OI MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0619715, ATM-0802717, DUE-0618727] FX We thank Conrad Ziegler, Scott Giangrande, Gordon Carrie, and William Beasley for their helpful comments. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through Grants ATM-0619715, ATM-0802717, and DUE-0618727. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 26 IS 4 BP 468 EP 486 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-10-05012.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 811VL UT WOS:000294244200003 ER PT J AU Han, J Pan, HL AF Han, Jongil Pan, Hua-Lu TI Revision of Convection and Vertical Diffusion Schemes in the NCEP Global Forecast System SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID TOP ENTRAINMENT INSTABILITY; SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MOMENTUM TRANSPORT; NUMERICAL-MODELS; MASS-FLUX; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATION; CLIMATE; SENSITIVITY AB A new physics package containing revised convection and planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's Global Forecast System is described. The shallow convection (SC) scheme in the revision employs a mass flux parameterization replacing the old turbulent diffusion-based approach. For deep convection, the scheme is revised to make cumulus convection stronger and deeper to deplete more instability in the atmospheric column and result in the suppression of the excessive grid-scale precipitation. The PBL model was revised to enhance turbulence diffusion in stratocumulus regions. A remarkable difference between the new and old SC schemes is seen in the heating or cooling behavior in lower-atmospheric layers above the PBL. While the old SC scheme using the diffusion approach produces a pair of layers in the lower atmosphere with cooling above and heating below, the new SC scheme using the mass-flux approach produces heating throughout the convection layers. In particular, the new SC scheme does not destroy stratocumulus clouds off the west coasts of South America and Africa as the old scheme does. On the other hand, the revised deep convection scheme, having a larger cloud-base mass flux and higher cloud tops, appears to effectively eliminate the remaining instability in the atmospheric column that is responsible for the excessive grid-scale precipitation in the old scheme. The revised PBL scheme, having an enhanced turbulence mixing in stratocumulus regions, helps prevent too much low cloud from forming. An overall improvement was found in the forecasts of the global 500-hPa height, vector wind, and continental U. S. precipitation with the revised model. Consistent with the improvement in vector wind forecast errors, hurricane track forecasts are also improved with the revised model for both Atlantic and eastern Pacific hurricanes in 2008. C1 [Han, Jongil] Wyle Informat Syst LLC, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Han, Jongil; Pan, Hua-Lu] Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Han, J (reprint author), WWB, Rm 207,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM jongil.han@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 90 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 26 IS 4 BP 520 EP 533 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-10-05038.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 811VL UT WOS:000294244200006 ER PT J AU Brotzge, J Erickson, S Brooks, H AF Brotzge, J. Erickson, S. Brooks, H. TI A 5-yr Climatology of Tornado False Alarms SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB During 2008 approximately 75% of tornado warnings issued by the National Weather Service (NWS) were false alarms. This study investigates some of the climatological trends in the issuance of false alarms and highlights several factors that impact false-alarm ratio (FAR) statistics. All tornadoes and tornado warnings issued across the continental United States between 2000 and 2004 were analyzed, and the data were sorted by hour of the day, month of the year, geographical region and weather forecast office (WFO), the number of tornadoes observed on a day in which a false alarm was issued, distance of the warned area from the nearest NWS radar, county population density, and county area. Analysis of the tornado false-alarm data identified six specific trends. First, the FAR was highest during nonpeak storm periods, such as during the night and during the winter and late summer. Second, the FAR was strongly tied to the number of tornadoes warned per day. Nearly one-third of all false alarms were issued on days when no tornadoes were confirmed within the WFO's county warning area. Third, the FAR varied with distance from radar, with significantly lower estimates found beyond 150 km from radar. Fourth, the FAR varied with population density. For warnings within 50 km of an NWS radar, FAR increased with population density; however, for warnings beyond 150 km from radar, FAR decreased regardless of population density. Fifth, the FAR also varied as a function of county size. The FAR was generally highest for the smallest counties; the FAR was similar to 80% for all counties less than 1000 km(2) regardless of distance from radar. Finally, the combined effects of distance from radar, population density, and county size led to significant variability across geographic regions. C1 [Brotzge, J.] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Brooks, H.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Brotzge, J (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Ste 2500, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jbrotzge@ou.edu FU National Science Foundation [0313747] FX We thank Brent Macaloney at NWS Headquarters for supplying us with the tornado record data used in this study, Liz Quoetone at WDTB for insightful discussions, and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This work is supported by the Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation under NSF Award 0313747. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Science Foundation. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 26 IS 4 BP 534 EP 544 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-10-05004.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 811VL UT WOS:000294244200007 ER PT J AU Sampson, CR Kaplan, J Knaff, JA DeMaria, M Sisko, CA AF Sampson, Charles R. Kaplan, John Knaff, John A. DeMaria, Mark Sisko, Chris A. TI A Deterministic Rapid Intensification Aid SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; WINDS; DECAY; MODEL; PERFORMANCE; FORECASTS; LANDFALL; SYSTEM AB Rapid intensification (RI) is difficult to forecast, but some progress has been made in developing probabilistic guidance for predicting these events. One such method is the RI index. The RI index is a probabilistic text product available to National Hurricane Center (NHC) forecasters in real time. The RI index gives the probabilities of three intensification rates [25, 30, and 35 kt (24 h)(-1); or 12.9, 15.4, and 18.0 m s(-1) (24 h)(-1)] for the 24-h period commencing at the initial forecast time. In this study the authors attempt to develop a deterministic intensity forecast aid from the RI index and, then, implement it as part of a consensus intensity forecast (arithmetic mean of several deterministic intensity forecasts used in operations) that has been shown to generally have lower mean forecast errors than any of its members. The RI aid is constructed using the highest available RI index intensification rate available for probabilities at or above a given probability (i.e., a probability threshold). Results indicate that the higher the probability threshold is, the better the RI aid performs. The RI aid appears to outperform the consensus aids at about the 50% probability threshold. The RI aid also improves forecast errors of operational consensus aids starting with a probability threshold of 30% and reduces negative biases in the forecasts. The authors suggest a 40% threshold for producing the RI aid initially. The 40% threshold is available for approximately 8% of all verifying forecasts, produces approximately 4% reduction in mean forecast errors for the intensity consensus aids, and corrects the negative biases by approximately 15%-20%. In operations, the threshold could be moved up to maximize gains in skill (reducing availability) or moved down to maximize availability (reducing gains in skill). C1 [Sampson, Charles R.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kaplan, John] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. [Knaff, John A.; DeMaria, Mark] NOAA, NESDIS, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Sisko, Chris A.] Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA. RP Sampson, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sampson@nrlmry.navy.mil RI DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010; Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; Kaplan, John/A-8709-2014 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; Kaplan, John/0000-0002-7253-3039 FU NOAA [NA09AANWG0149] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Ann Schrader for her work with the ATCF. The authors also wish to acknowledge John Cook, Ted Tsui, Simon Chang, Chris Landsea, Stacy Stewart, Andrea Schumacher, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. This project is supported through a grant from the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (NA09AANWG0149). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 26 IS 4 BP 579 EP 585 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-10-05010.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 811VL UT WOS:000294244200012 ER PT J AU Mosier, RM Schumacher, C Orville, RD Carey, LD AF Mosier, Richard M. Schumacher, Courtney Orville, Richard D. Carey, Lawrence D. TI Radar nowcasting of cloud-to-ground lightning over Houston, Texas (vol 26, pg 199, 2011) SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Correction C1 [Mosier, Richard M.; Schumacher, Courtney; Orville, Richard D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. [Carey, Lawrence D.] Univ Alabama Huntsville, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, TX USA. RP Mosier, RM (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, 3401 No Cross Blvd, Ft Worth, TX 76137 USA. EM richard.mosier@noaa.gov RI Schumacher, Courtney/B-8968-2011; Orville, Richard/G-9866-2012 OI Schumacher, Courtney/0000-0003-3612-485X; Orville, Richard/0000-0003-0280-7169 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 26 IS 4 BP 586 EP 590 DI 10.1175/2011WAF-D-11-00049.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 811VL UT WOS:000294244200013 ER PT J AU Menge, BA Hacker, SD Freidenburg, T Lubchenco, J Craig, R Rilov, G Noble, M Richmond, E AF Menge, Bruce A. Hacker, Sally D. Freidenburg, Tess Lubchenco, Jane Craig, Ryan Rilov, Gil Noble, Mae Richmond, Erin TI Potential impact of climate-related changes is buffered by differential responses to recruitment and interactions SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE barnacles; climate change; coastal ecosystem; facilitation; mussels; Oregon; predation; recruitment; rocky intertidal; species interactions ID ROCKY INTERTIDAL COMMUNITY; CROSS-SHELF TRANSPORT; TOP-DOWN CONTROL; INTERACTION STRENGTH; SPECIES INTERACTIONS; UPWELLING GRADIENT; MUSSEL RECRUITMENT; KEYSTONE PREDATION; COASTAL OCEAN; EL-NINO AB Detection of ecosystem responsiveness to climatic perturbations can provide insight into climate change consequences. Recent analyses linking phytoplankton abundance and mussel recruitment to the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) revealed a paradox. Despite large increases in mussel recruitment beginning in 2000, adult mussel responses were idiosyncratic by site and intertidal zone, with no response at one long-term site, and increases in the low zone (1.5% per year) and decreases in the mid zone (1.3% per year) at the other. What are the mechanisms underlying these differential changes? Species interactions such as facilitation by barnacles and predation are potential determinants of successful mussel colonization. To evaluate these effects, we analyzed patterns of barnacle recruitment, determined if predation rate covaried with the increase in mussel recruitment, and tested facilitation interactions in a field experiment. Neither magnitude nor season of barnacle recruitment changed meaningfully with site or zone from the 1990s to the 2000s. In contrast to the relationship between NPGO and local-scale mussel recruitment, relationships between local-scale patterns of barnacle recruitment and climate indices were weak. Despite differences in rates of prey recruitment and abundance of sea stars in 1990-1991, 1999-2000, and 2007=2008, predation rates were nearly identical in experiments before, during, and after 1999-2000. The facilitation experiment showed that mussels M. trossulus only became abundant when barnacle recruitment was allowed, when abundance of barnacles reached high abundance of similar to 50% cover, and when mussel recruitment was sufficiently high. Thus, in the low zone minimal changes in mussel abundance despite sharply increased recruitment rates are consistent with the hypothesis that change in adult mussel cover was buffered by the relative insensitivity of barnacle recruitment to climatic fluctuations, and a resultant lack of change in facilitation strength. Facilitation of mussels is likely important in the mid zone as well, but the dynamics of the longer-lived M. californianus at our two long-term sites appeared to be driven primarily by differential regimes of disturbance. Although rocky intertidal ecosystems may be sensitive to major climatic perturbations, predicting community responses will be difficult due to complex individualistic responses of key taxa during the recruitment stage and their influences on subsequent species interactions. C1 [Menge, Bruce A.; Hacker, Sally D.; Lubchenco, Jane; Craig, Ryan] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Freidenburg, Tess] Calif Ocean Sci Trust, MPA Monitoring Enterprise, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. [Rilov, Gil] Natl Inst Oceanog, Dept Biol & Biotechnol, Israel Oceanog & Limnol Res IOLR, IL-31080 Haifa, Israel. [Noble, Mae] 4700 King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol KAUST, Red Sea Res Ctr, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. [Richmond, Erin] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Menge, BA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mengeb@oregonstate.edu RI Menge, Bruce/I-6571-2012 FU NSF; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; Wayne and Gladys Valley Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX We thank B. Daley, G. Hudson, M. Foley, J. Pamplin, C. Carlson, M. Robart, C. Cardoni, G. Murphy, C. Pennington, and M. Poole for spearheading the recruitment studies, and the students of Marine Biology at OSU (Biology 450/451) for their efforts on community surveys. S. Dudas, S. Close, A. Iles, J. Rose, and three anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on the manuscript. J. Sapp and M. Frenock provided assistance in data analysis. The research was supported in part by grants from NSF, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, and by endowment funds from the Wayne and Gladys Valley Foundation. This is contribution number 387 from PISCO, the Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans funded primarily by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. NR 68 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 48 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 81 IS 3 BP 493 EP 509 DI 10.1890/10-1508.1 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 801RE UT WOS:000293457300006 ER PT J AU Sakai, VG Nanda, H Faraone, A Nagao, M AF Sakai, Victoria Garcia Nanda, Hirsh Faraone, Antonio Nagao, Michihiro TI Dynamics of DPPC vesicles in the presence of bioprotectants SO EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL WITH BIOPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th EBSA European Biophysics Congress CY AUG 23-27, 2011 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Hungarian Biophys Soc, European Biophys Soc Assoc C1 [Sakai, Victoria Garcia] Rutherford Appleton Lab, STFC, ISIS Facil, Chilton, England. [Nanda, Hirsh; Faraone, Antonio; Nagao, Michihiro] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Faraone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7571 J9 EUR BIOPHYS J BIOPHY JI Eur. Biophys. J. Biophys. Lett. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 40 SU 1 BP 156 EP 156 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 804EO UT WOS:000293637300403 ER PT J AU Warden, ML Murray, KT AF Warden, Melissa L. Murray, Kimberly T. TI Reframing protected species interactions with commercial fishing gear: Moving toward estimating the unobservable SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Bycatch estimation; Unobserved bycatch; Fisheries interactions; Endangered species; Gear modifications ID FISHERIES BYCATCH; SEA-TURTLES; POSTRELEASE MORTALITY; MANAGEMENT; REDUCE; IMPACTS; LIONS; CATCH AB Traditional methods for estimating sea turtle, marine mammal, and seabird bycatch in commercial fisheries risk underestimating the number of "takes," or "interactions," as defined by protective legislation. We propose a conceptual framework within which fisheries interactions can be classified as "observable" and can be quantified through fisheries observer data, or as "unobservable" and can sometimes be quantified through fisheries observer data or experimental research. Some unobservable interactions will remain unquantifiable. We describe the research goal to develop methods of quantifying those interactions that are currently unquantifiable, and to assess the rate of serious injury or mortality associated with all types of fisheries interactions. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Warden, Melissa L.] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Murray, Kimberly T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Warden, ML (reprint author), 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Melissa.Warden@noaa.gov; Kimberly.Murray@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 110 IS 3 BP 387 EP 390 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.05.015 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 807CF UT WOS:000293870400001 ER PT J AU Matei, I Baras, JS AF Matei, Ion Baras, John S. TI Performance Evaluation of the Consensus-Based Distributed Subgradient Method Under Random Communication Topologies SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Distributed; stochastic systems; sub-gradient methods; system identification ID MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS; OPTIMIZATION; NETWORKS AB We investigate collaborative optimization of an objective function expressed as a sum of local convex functions, when the agents make decisions in a distributed manner using local information, while the communication topology used to exchange messages and information is modeled by a graph-valued random process, assumed independent and identically distributed. Specifically, we study the performance of the consensus-based multi-agent distributed subgradient method and show how it depends on the probability distribution of the random graph. For the case of a constant stepsize, we first give an upper bound on the difference between the objective function, evaluated at the agents' estimates of the optimal decision vector, and the optimal value. Second, for a particular class of convex functions, we give an upper bound on the distances between the agents' estimates of the optimal decision vector and the minimizer. In addition, we provide the rate of convergence to zero of the time varying component of the aforementioned upper bound. The addressed metrics are evaluated via their expected values. As an application, we show how the distributed optimization algorithm can be used to perform collaborative system identification and provide numerical experiments under the randomized and broadcast gossip protocols. C1 [Matei, Ion; Baras, John S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Matei, Ion] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Baras, John S.] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Matei, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM imatei@umd.edu; baras@umd.edu FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI [FA9550-09-1-0538]; Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [013641-001]; BAE Systems [W911NF-08-2-0004] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI award FA9550-09-1-0538, in part by the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under award number 013641-001 for the Multi-Scale Systems Center (MuSyC) through the FRCP of SRC and DARPA, and in part by BAE Systems award number W911NF-08-2-0004 (the ARL MAST CTA). The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. Michael Gastpar. NR 27 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1932-4553 J9 IEEE J-STSP JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 5 IS 4 BP 754 EP 771 DI 10.1109/JSTSP.2011.2120593 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 805GF UT WOS:000293713900009 ER PT J AU Sangiorgi, E Asenov, A Bennett, HS Dutton, RW Esseni, D Giles, MD Hane, M Nishi, K Ranaweera, J Selberherr, S AF Sangiorgi, Enrico Asenov, Asen Bennett, Herbert S. Dutton, Robert W. Esseni, David Giles, Martin D. Hane, Masami Nishi, Kenji Ranaweera, Jeewika Selberherr, Siegfried TI Foreword Special Issue on Characterization of Nano CMOS Variability by Simulation and Measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Sangiorgi, Enrico] Univ Bologna, I-40100 Bologna, Italy. [Asenov, Asen] Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Bennett, Herbert S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dutton, Robert W.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Esseni, David] Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Giles, Martin D.] Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. [Hane, Masami] Renesas Elect Corp, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525298, Japan. [Nishi, Kenji] Kinki Univ, Tech Coll, Nabari, Mie 5180459, Japan. [Ranaweera, Jeewika] Oracle Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. [Selberherr, Siegfried] Vienna Univ Technol, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Sangiorgi, E (reprint author), Univ Bologna, I-40100 Bologna, Italy. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD AUG PY 2011 VL 58 IS 8 SI SI BP 2190 EP 2196 DI 10.1109/TED.2011.2160884 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 805EF UT WOS:000293708500001 ER PT J AU Manabe, S Ploshay, J Lau, NC AF Manabe, Syukuro Ploshay, Jeffrey Lau, Ngar-Cheung TI Seasonal Variation of Surface Temperature Change during the Last Several Decades SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; SEA-ICE; TRANSIENT-RESPONSES; AIR-TEMPERATURE; GRADUAL CHANGES; GLOBAL CLIMATE; CO2; SENSITIVITY; INCREASE AB Using the historical surface temperature dataset compiled by Climatic Research Unit of the University of East Anglia and the Hadley Centre of the United Kingdom, this study examines the seasonal and latitudinal profile of the surface temperature change observed during the last several decades. It reveals that the recent change in zonal-mean surface air temperature is positive at practically all latitudes. In the Northern Hemisphere, the warming increases with increasing latitude and is large in the Arctic Ocean during much of the year except in summer, when it is small. At the Antarctic coast and in the northern part of the circumpolar ocean (near 55 degrees S), where limited data are available, the changes appear to be small during most seasons, though the warming is notable at the coast in winter. However, this warming is much less than the warming over the Arctic Ocean. The seasonal variation of the surface temperature change appears to be broadly consistent with the result from a global warming experiment that was conducted some time ago using a coupled atmosphere-ocean-land model. C1 [Manabe, Syukuro] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Ploshay, Jeffrey; Lau, Ngar-Cheung] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Manabe, S (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Sayre Hall,300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM manabe@princeton.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA080AR4320752] FX We are grateful to Drs. P. J. Brohan, J. Kennedy, I. Harris, S. F. B. Tett, and P. D. Jones, who constructed the historical surface temperature dataset "HadCRUT3" and made it freely available, thereby enabling us to conduct the analysis presented here. We appreciate the contribution of Aditya Salgame during the initial phase of this study. This report was prepared under Award NA080AR4320752 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 24 IS 15 BP 3817 EP 3821 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00129.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806QE UT WOS:000293823900002 ER PT J AU Winton, M AF Winton, Michael TI Do Climate Models Underestimate the Sensitivity of Northern Hemisphere Sea Ice Cover? SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID VARIABLES AB The sensitivity of Northern Hemisphere sea ice cover to global temperature change is examined in a group of climate models and in the satellite-era observations. The models are found to have well-defined, distinguishable sensitivities in climate change experiments. The satellite-era observations show a larger sensitivity-a larger decline per degree of warming-than any of the models. To evaluate the role of natural variability in this discrepancy, the sensitivity probability density function is constructed based upon the observed trends and natural variability of multidecadal ice cover and global temperature trends in a long control run of the GFDL Climate Model, version 2.1 (CM2.1). This comparison shows that the model sensitivities range from about 1 to more than 2 pseudostandard deviations of the variability smaller than observations indicate. The impact of natural Atlantic multidecadal temperature trends (as simulated by the GFDL model) on the sensitivity distribution is examined and found to be minimal. C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Winton, M (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton Univ Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Michael.Winton@noaa.gov FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy FX The author thanks Isaac Held, Rong Zhang, Ian Eisenman, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful reviews. The author acknowledges the following international modeling groups for providing their data for analysis: the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) for collecting and archiving the model data, the JSC/CLIVAR Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) and their Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) and Climate Simulation Panel for organizing the model data analysis activity, and the IPCC WG1 TSU for technical support. The IPCC Data Archive at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is supported by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 27 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 24 IS 15 BP 3924 EP 3934 DI 10.1175/2011JCLI4146.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806QE UT WOS:000293823900010 ER PT J AU Wen, M Yang, S Higgins, W Zhang, RH AF Wen, Min Yang, Song Higgins, Wayne Zhang, Renhe TI Characteristics of the Dominant Modes of Atmospheric Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation over Tropical-Subtropical Americas SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SUMMER INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; MONSOON-SYSTEM; BOREAL SUMMER; PRECIPITATION REGIME; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC; CONVECTION; CHINA; CIRCULATION AB During the boreal summer (June-August), vigorous convection appears over the eastern Pacific, southern Mexico, and northern South America, and oscillates on a distinct time scale of 10-20 days. Extended empirical orthogonal function (EEOF) analysis shows that the quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) of the convection has two major modes: a west-east-orientated mode (WEM) and a north-south-orientated mode (NSM). The WEM, which is explained by the first two EEOF modes, originates over the eastern Atlantic, propagates westward along 15 degrees N, and enhances over the Caribbean Sea before disappearing over the central Pacific. The NSM, explained by the third and fourth EEOF modes, originates over the western Pacific, moves eastward, and strengthens over the eastern Pacific. It shifts northward after arriving over the Caribbean Sea. Both modes have notable seasonal dependence, with the WEM more active in July and August and the NSM more active in June or earlier. The two distinct QBWO modes are linked to different rainfall patterns over the United States and Mexico. When the WEM is active in July and August, wet conditions occur over the southern central United States and dry conditions appear to the north. When the NSM is active in June, northern Mexico, the southwestern United States, the Missouri basin, and the northern Great Lakes are drier than normal, while southern Mexico and the eastern United States are wetter than normal. Significant variations in atmospheric circulation are found to be associated with the interannual variability of the NSM activity in June. However, these variations may not necessarily result from QBWO but, rather, provide a background for QBWO activity instead. In July and August, the association of QBWO with the precipitation pattern over North America may sometimes be related to hurricane activity. C1 [Yang, Song; Higgins, Wayne] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Wen, Min; Zhang, Renhe] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Yang, S (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Rm 605,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM song.yang@noaa.gov RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009 FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2009DFA21430]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40775039]; NOAA-China Meteorological Administration FX The authors thank Dr. Kingtse Mo of the NOAA/Climate Prediction Center and Prof. Bin Wang of the University of Hawaii for their discussions and comments. Comments by three anonymous reviewers on an early version of the manuscript improved the overall quality of this paper. This study was jointly supported by the International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under Grant 2009DFA21430, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 40775039, and the NOAA-China Meteorological Administration bilateral program. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 24 IS 15 BP 3956 EP 3970 DI 10.1175/2011JCLI3916.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806QE UT WOS:000293823900012 ER PT J AU Zheng, YX Shinoda, T Lin, JL Kiladis, GN AF Zheng, Yangxing Shinoda, Toshiaki Lin, Jia-Lin Kiladis, George N. TI Sea Surface Temperature Biases under the Stratus Cloud Deck in the Southeast Pacific Ocean in 19 IPCC AR4 Coupled General Circulation Models SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION ANALYSIS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SEASONAL CYCLE; GLOBAL OCEANS; HEAT FLUXES; REANALYSIS; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; PARAMETERIZATION; ATTRIBUTION AB This study examines systematic biases in sea surface temperature (SST) under the stratus cloud deck in the southeast Pacific Ocean and upper-ocean processes relevant to the SST biases in 19 coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) participating in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). The 20 years of simulations from each model are analyzed. Pronounced warm SST biases in a large portion of the southeast Pacific stratus region are found in all models. Processes that could contribute to the SST biases are examined in detail based on the computation of major terms in the upper-ocean heat budget. Negative biases in net surface heat fluxes are evident in most of the models, suggesting that the cause of the warm SST biases in models is not explained by errors in net surface heat fluxes. Biases in heat transport by Ekman currents largely contribute to the warm SST biases both near the coast and the open ocean. In the coastal area, southwestward Ekman currents and upwelling in most models are much weaker than observed owing to weaker alongshore winds, resulting in insufficient advection of cold water from the coast. In the open ocean, warm advection due to Ekman currents is overestimated in models because of the larger meridional temperature gradient, the smaller zonal temperature gradient, and overly weaker Ekman currents. C1 [Zheng, Yangxing] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shinoda, Toshiaki] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Lin, Jia-Lin] Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zheng, YX (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, 2035 E Paul Dirac Dr,Johnson Bldg, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM yzheng@fsu.edu RI Zheng, Yangxing/B-7965-2013; Shinoda, Toshiaki/J-3745-2016 OI Zheng, Yangxing/0000-0003-2039-1494; Shinoda, Toshiaki/0000-0003-1416-2206 FU NSF [OCE-0453046, AGS-0966844, ATM-0745897, ATM-0745872]; NOAA CPO [GC-10-400]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [601153N]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX We are greatly indebted to all those who contributed to the observations and global datasets used in this study. We thank Simon de Szoeke, Editor Robert Wood, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. Computational facilities have been provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Yangxing Zheng is supported by NSF Grant OCE-0453046. Toshiaki Shinoda is supported by NOAA CPO Grant GC-10-400 under the Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP) Program; the NSF Grants OCE-0453046, AGS-0966844, and ATM-0745897; and 6.1 projects sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under Program Element 601153N. Jia-Lin Lin is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under the MAP program and by NSF Grant ATM-0745872. NR 48 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 24 IS 15 BP 4139 EP 4164 DI 10.1175/2011JCLI4172.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806QE UT WOS:000293823900023 ER PT J AU Zhao, P Yang, S Jian, MQ Chen, JM AF Zhao, Ping Yang, Song Jian, Maoqiu Chen, Junming TI Relative Controls of Asian-Pacific Summer Climate by Asian Land and Tropical-North Pacific Sea Surface Temperature SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; DECADAL OSCILLATION; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; MONSOON CIRCULATION; TIBETAN PLATEAU; ENSO; MODEL; OCEAN AB The dominant pattern of summertime tropical and North Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) is characterized by an out-of-phase relationship between the tropics and the extratropics. This pattern, defined as the tropical-North Pacific mode (TNPM) in this study, is closely correlated with the variability of climate over Asia and the Pacific Ocean. A high TNPM index, with positive (negative) SST anomalies over the extratropics (tropics) of the Pacific, is linked to deep negative anomalies of tropospheric temperature over the extratropical Pacific, with shallow positive anomalies in the lower troposphere, and is also linked to deep positive temperature over Asia. It is also found that these anomalies of tropospheric temperature and SST are significantly related to the Asian-Pacific Oscillation (APO), an extratropical zonal-vertical atmospheric pattern connecting Asia and the Pacific. Indeed, when the variability of APO is removed, the above-described climate anomalies weaken significantly. Although the above relationships observed between atmospheric circulation and SST can be captured by general circulation models, sensitivity experiments show that the variations of summertime Asian-Pacific atmospheric circulation may not be mainly forced by the Pacific SST. Instead, the Asian land elevated heating seems to play a more important role in generating the climate anomalies, as shown by model-sensitivity experiments in which changes in topographic height are included. Moreover, the relative importance of Asian land and Pacific SST for the variations of Asian-Pacific climate in summer and winter is compared in this study. In winter the most dominant mode of Pacific SST exerts a stronger impact on the Asian-Pacific climate. C1 [Zhao, Ping] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Informat Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Ping] China Meteorol Adm, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Yang, Song] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Jian, Maoqiu] Zhongshan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Chen, Junming] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Zhao, P (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Informat Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM zhaop@cma.gov.cn RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40921003]; National Key Basic Research Project of China [2009CB421404]; foundation of State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather of China FX The comments from two anonymous reviewers on an early version of the manuscript improved the overall quality of this paper. This work was jointly sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40921003), the National Key Basic Research Project of China (2009CB421404), and the foundation of State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather of China. NR 59 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 24 IS 15 BP 4165 EP 4188 DI 10.1175/2011JCLI3915.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806QE UT WOS:000293823900024 ER PT J AU Fan, Y van den Dool, HM Wu, WR AF Fan, Yun van den Dool, Huug M. Wu, Wanru TI Verification and Intercomparison of Multimodel Simulated Land Surface Hydrological Datasets over the United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; SOIL-MOISTURE; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; REANALYSIS; PREDICTION; TEMPERATURE; WETNESS; FORECASTS; NCEP/NCAR AB Several land surface datasets, such as the observed Illinois soil moisture dataset; three retrospective offline run datasets from the Noah land surface model (LSM), Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) LSM, and Climate Prediction Center leaky bucket soil model; and three reanalysis datasets (North American Regional Reanalysis, NCEP/Department of Energy Global Reanalysis, and 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis), are used to study the spatial and temporal variability of soil moisture and its response to the major components of land surface hydrologic cycles: precipitation, evaporation, and runoff. Detailed analysis was performed on the evolution of the soil moisture vertical profile. Over Illinois, model simulations are compared to observations, but for the United States as a whole some impressions can be gained by comparing the multiple soil moisture-precipitation-evaporation-runoff datasets to one another. The magnitudes and partitioning of major land surface water balance components on seasonal-interannual time scales have been explored. It appears that evaporation has the most prominent annual cycle but its interannual variability is relatively small. For other water balance components, such as precipitation, runoff, and surface water storage change, the amplitudes of their annual cycles and interannual variations are comparable. This study indicates that all models have a certain capability to reproduce observed soil moisture variability on seasonal-interannual time scales, but offline runs are decidedly better than reanalyses (in terms of validation against observations) and more highly correlated to one another (in terms of intercomparison) in general. However, noticeable differences are also observed, such as the degree of simulated drought severity and the locations affected-this is due to the uncertainty in model physics, input forcing, and mode of running (interactive or offline), which continue to be major issues for land surface modeling. C1 [Fan, Yun; van den Dool, Huug M.; Wu, Wanru] NOAA NWS NCEP Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Fan, Y (reprint author), Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 806, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM yun.fan@noaa.gov FU GCIP [GC00-095]; GAPP [GC04-039] FX We thank Jesse Meng and Mark Rosencrans for internal review. We thank the hydrology group at the University of Washington and Research Data Archive of NCAR for letting us download the VIC NLDAS run dataset and ERA-40 dataset. Thanks are also due to the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions for improving the manuscript. This project was supported by GCIP Grant (GC00-095) and GAPP Grant (GC04-039). NR 52 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 12 IS 4 BP 531 EP 555 DI 10.1175/2011JHM1317.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 809IY UT WOS:000294047300003 ER PT J AU Jankov, I Grasso, LD Sengupta, M Neiman, PJ Zupanski, D Zupanski, M Lindsey, D Hillger, DW Birkenheuer, DL Brummer, R Yuan, HL AF Jankov, Isidora Grasso, Lewis D. Sengupta, Manajit Neiman, Paul J. Zupanski, Dusanka Zupanski, Milija Lindsey, Daniel Hillger, Donald W. Birkenheuer, Daniel L. Brummer, Renate Yuan, Huiling TI An Evaluation of Five ARW-WRF Microphysics Schemes Using Synthetic GOES Imagery for an Atmospheric River Event Affecting the California Coast SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHASE STRATIFORM CLOUDS; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; PACIFIC-OCEAN; PART I; MODEL; MESOSCALE; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION AB The main purpose of the present study is to assess the value of synthetic satellite imagery as a tool for model evaluation performance in addition to more traditional approaches. For this purpose, synthetic GOES-10 imagery at 10.7 mu m was produced using output from the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (ARW-WRF) numerical model. Use of synthetic imagery is a unique method to indirectly evaluate the performance of various microphysical schemes available within the ARW-WRF. In the present study, a simulation of an atmospheric river event that occurred on 30 December 2005 was used. The simulations were performed using the ARW-WRF numerical model with five different microphysical schemes [Lin, WRF single-moment 6 class (WSM6), Thompson, Schultz, and double-moment Morrison]. Synthetic imagery was created and scenes from the simulations were statistically compared with observations from the 10.7-mu m band of the GOES-10 imager using a histogram-based technique. The results suggest that synthetic satellite imagery is useful in model performance evaluations as a complementary metric to those used traditionally. For example, accumulated precipitation analyses and other commonly used fields in model evaluations suggested a good agreement among solutions from various microphysical schemes, while the synthetic imagery analysis pointed toward notable differences in simulations of clouds among the microphysical schemes. C1 [Jankov, Isidora; Grasso, Lewis D.; Sengupta, Manajit; Zupanski, Dusanka; Zupanski, Milija; Lindsey, Daniel; Hillger, Donald W.; Brummer, Renate] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jankov, Isidora; Birkenheuer, Daniel L.; Brummer, Renate] NOAA, ESRL, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Neiman, Paul J.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Lindsey, Daniel; Hillger, Donald W.] Colorado State Univ, Reg & Mesoscale Meteorol Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Yuan, Huiling] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Huiling] Nanjing Univ, Key Lab Mesoscale Severe Weather, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. RP Jankov, I (reprint author), 325 Broadway,GSD7, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM isidora.jankov@noaa.gov RI Hillger, Donald/F-5592-2010; Birkenheuer, Daniel/E-7378-2015; jankov, isidora/D-2830-2015; Yuan, Huiling/G-9795-2013; Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010 OI Hillger, Donald/0000-0001-7297-2640; Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683 NR 42 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 12 IS 4 BP 618 EP 633 DI 10.1175/2010JHM1282.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 809IY UT WOS:000294047300007 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Luo, T Xie, W Tang, WH Kaduk, JA Huang, Q Yan, Y Chattopadhyay, S Tang, X Tritt, T AF Wong-Ng, W. Luo, T. Xie, W. Tang, W. H. Kaduk, J. A. Huang, Q. Yan, Y. Chattopadhyay, S. Tang, X. Tritt, T. TI Phase diagram, crystal chemistry and thermoelectric properties of compounds in the Ca-Co-Zn-O system SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ca-Co-Zn-O phase equilibria; Structure of Ca-3(Co1.95Zn0.05)O6-z; Structure of (Co2.7Zn0.3)O4-z; Thermoelectric properties of Ca-3(CoZn)(4)O9-z and Ca-3(CoZn)(2)O6-z ID POWDER DIFFRACTION; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; COBALT OXIDES; THIN-FILMS; CA3CO2O6; EQUILIBRIA; CA3CO4O9; IFEFFIT; MERIT; POWER AB In the Ca-Co-Zn-O system, we have determined the tie-line relationships and the thermoelectric properties, solid solution limits, and structures of two low-dimensional cobaltite series, Ca-3(Co, Zn)(4)O9-z, and Ca-3(Co,Zn)(2)O6-z at 885 degrees C in air. In Ca-3(Co,Zn)(4)O9-z, which has a misfit layered structure, Zn was found to substitute in the Co site to a limit of Ca-3(Co3.8Zn0.2)O9-z. The compound Ca-3(Co,Zn)(2)O6-z, (n=1 member of the homologous series, Can+2(Co,Z(n))(n)(Co,Zn)'O3n+3-z) consists of one-dimensional parallel (Co,Zn)(2)O-6(6)- chains that are built from successive alternating face-sharing (Co,Zn)O-6 trigonal prisms and 'n' units of (Co,Zn)O-6 octahedra along the hexagonal c-axis. Zn substitutes in the Co site of Ca3Co2O6 to a small amount of approximately Ca-3(Co1.95Zn0.05)O6-z. In the ZnO-CoOz system, Zn substitutes in the tetrahedral co site of Co3O4 to the maximum amount of (Co2.49Zn0.51)O4-z and Co substitutes in the Zn site of ZnO to (Zn0.94Co0.06)O. The crystal structures of (Co2.7Zn0.3)04-z, (Zn0.94Co0.06)O, and Ca-3(Co-1.95 Zn-0.05)(06-z) are described. Despite the Ca-3(Co, Zn)(2)O6-z, series having reasonably high Seebeck coefficients and relatively low thermal conductivity, the electrical resistivity values of its members are too high to achieve high figure of merit, ZT. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wong-Ng, W.; Yan, Y.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Huang, Q.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Luo, T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20745 USA. [Xie, W.; Tritt, T.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Tang, W. H.] Zhejiang Sci Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Kaduk, J. A.; Chattopadhyay, S.] IIT, BCPS Dept, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Tang, X.] Wuhan Univ, Dept Phys, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov RI XIE, WENJIE/G-5049-2011; Tang, Weihua/B-5984-2011; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Tang, Weihua/O-1998-2013 OI XIE, WENJIE/0000-0003-1826-7574; Tang, Weihua/0000-0002-8771-3120 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. One of the authors (SC) would like to thank Dr. J.T. Miller (ANL) and Dr. T. Shibata (IIT) for useful discussions. NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 36 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 184 IS 8 BP 2159 EP 2166 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2011.06.013 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 806IZ UT WOS:000293802400039 ER PT J AU Guimond, SR Bourassa, MA Reasor, PD AF Guimond, Stephen R. Bourassa, Mark A. Reasor, Paul D. TI A Latent Heat Retrieval and Its Effects on the Intensity and Structure Change of Hurricane Guillermo (1997). Part I: The Algorithm and Observations SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATION; INNER-CORE; TROPICAL CYCLONES; DOPPLER RADAR; WATER-BUDGET; CUMULUS CONVECTION; VERTICAL MOTION; SQUALL LINE; BONNIE 1998; FIELDS AB Despite the fact that latent heating in cloud systems drives many atmospheric circulations, including tropical cyclones, little is known of its magnitude and structure, largely because of inadequate observations. In this work, a reasonably high-resolution (2 km), four-dimensional airborne Doppler radar retrieval of the latent heat of condensation/evaporation is presented for rapidly intensifying Hurricane Guillermo (1997). Several advancements in the basic retrieval algorithm are shown, including 1) analyzing the scheme within the dynamically consistent framework of a numerical model, 2) identifying algorithm sensitivities through the use of ancillary data sources, and 3) developing a precipitation budget storage term parameterization. The determination of the saturation state is shown to be an important part of the algorithm for updrafts of; similar to 5 m s(-1) or less. The uncertainties in the magnitude of the retrieved heating are dominated by errors in the vertical velocity. Using a combination of error propagation and Monte Carlo uncertainty techniques, biases are found to be small, and randomly distributed errors in the heating magnitude are; similar to 16% for updrafts greater than 5 m s(-1) and; similar to 156% for updrafts of 1 m s(-1). Even though errors in the vertical velocity can lead to large uncertainties in the latent heating field for small updrafts/downdrafts, in an integrated sense the errors are not as drastic. In Part II, the impact of the retrievals is assessed by inserting the heating into realistic numerical simulations at 2-km resolution and comparing the generated wind structure to the Doppler radar observations of Guillermo. C1 [Guimond, Stephen R.; Bourassa, Mark A.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Guimond, Stephen R.; Bourassa, Mark A.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Reasor, Paul D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Guimond, SR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM stephen.guimond@nasa.gov RI Reasor, Paul/B-2932-2014 OI Reasor, Paul/0000-0001-6407-017X FU Los Alamos National Laboratory; NASA; NOAA FX The first author would like to thank Drs. Chris Jeffery and Gerald Heymsfield for providing support for visits to Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), respectively as well as excellent feedback on the work. We acknowledge Dr. Robert Black for the particle data and processing in Hurricane Katrina (2005), Dr. Scott Braun for providing numerical model output and discussion, Dr. Robert Hart for extensive feedback, and Dr. Matt Eastin for providing a figure or two. Finally, we thank three anonymous reviewers for providing constructive criticism. This research was supported by the Los Alamos National Laboratory through a project entitled "Flash before the Storm: Predicting Hurricane Intensification Using LANL Lightning Data" with Dr. Chris Jeffery the PI. In addition, financial support was also provided by a NASA ocean vector winds contract and a NOAA grant to Dr. Mark Bourassa. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 68 IS 8 BP 1549 EP 1567 DI 10.1175/2011JAS3700.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 803ZN UT WOS:000293622300001 ER PT J AU Mrowiec, AA Garner, ST Pauluis, OM AF Mrowiec, Agnieszka A. Garner, Stephen T. Pauluis, Olivier M. TI Axisymmetric Hurricane in a Dry Atmosphere: Theoretical Framework and Numerical Experiments SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ICE-PHASE MICROPHYSICS; TROPICAL CYCLONES; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; MODEL; DYNAMICS; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATIONS; CONVECTION; STORMS; CIRCULATION AB This paper discusses the possible existence of hurricanes in an atmosphere without water vapor and analyzes the dynamic and thermodynamic structures of simulated hurricane-like storms in moist and dry environments. It is first shown that the "potential intensity" theory for axisymmetric hurricanes is directly applicable to the maintenance of a balanced vortex sustained by a combination of surface energy and momentum flux, even in the absence of water vapor. This theoretical insight is confirmed by simulations with a high-resolution numerical model. The same model is then used to compare dry and moist hurricanes. While it is found that both types of storms exhibit many similarities and fit well within the theoretical framework, there are several differences, most notably in the storm inflow and in the relationship between hurricane size and intensity. Such differences indicate that while water vapor is not necessary for the maintenance of hurricane-like vortices, moist processes directly affect the structure of these storms. C1 [Mrowiec, Agnieszka A.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Garner, Stephen T.] GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Pauluis, Olivier M.] NYU, New York, NY USA. RP Mrowiec, AA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM asmithmrowiec@giss.nasa.gov FU NSF [ATM-0545047] FX We thank Kerry Emanuel and two anonymous reviewers for comments that helped to improve this manuscript. The simulations were performed on the GFDL High Performance Computing system. AM thanks her current employers, Columbia University and NASA/GISS, for supporting her continuing work on this subject. This work was partially supported by the NSF Grant ATM-0545047. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 68 IS 8 BP 1607 EP 1619 DI 10.1175/2011JAS3639.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 803ZN UT WOS:000293622300004 ER PT J AU Otkin, JA Hartung, DC Turner, DD Petersen, RA Feltz, WF Janzon, E AF Otkin, Jason A. Hartung, Daniel C. Turner, David D. Petersen, Ralph A. Feltz, Wayne F. Janzon, Erik TI Assimilation of Surface-Based Boundary Layer Profiler Observations during a Cool-Season Weather Event Using an Observing System Simulation Experiment. Part I: Analysis Impact SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID EMITTED RADIANCE INTERFEROMETER; ADAPTIVE COVARIANCE INFLATION; WATER-VAPOR MEASUREMENTS; ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; RAMAN LIDAR; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; FACTOR SEPARATION; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; PARAMETERIZATION AB In this study, an Observing System Simulation Experiment was used to examine how the assimilation of temperature, water vapor, and wind profiles from a potential array of ground-based remote sensing boundary layer profiling instruments impacts the accuracy of atmospheric analyses when using an ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation system. Remote sensing systems evaluated during this study include the Doppler wind lidar (DWL), Raman lidar (RAM), microwave radiometer (MWR), and the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI). The case study tracked the evolution of several extratropical weather systems that occurred across the contiguous United States during 7-8 January 2008. Overall, the results demonstrate that using networks of high-quality temperature, wind, and moisture profile observations of the lower troposphere has the potential to improve the accuracy of wintertime atmospheric analyses over land. The impact of each profiling system was greatest in the lower and middle troposphere on the variables observed or retrieved by that instrument; however, some minor improvements also occurred in the unobserved variables and in the upper troposphere, particularly when RAM observations were assimilated. The best analysis overall was achieved when DWL wind profiles and temperature and moisture observations from the RAM, AERI, or MWR were assimilated simultaneously, which illustrates that both mass and momentum observations are necessary to improve the analysis accuracy. C1 [Otkin, Jason A.; Hartung, Daniel C.; Petersen, Ralph A.; Feltz, Wayne F.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Turner, David D.; Janzon, Erik] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Otkin, JA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jason.otkin@ssec.wisc.edu RI Otkin, Jason/D-1737-2012 OI Otkin, Jason/0000-0003-4034-7845 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX This work was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in support of recommendation 8a in National Research Council (2009). The assimilation experiments leveraged computer resources purchased by GOES-R research projects at the Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Comments from two anonymous reviewers helped improve the manuscript. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 139 IS 8 BP 2309 EP 2326 DI 10.1175/2011MWR3622.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RY UT WOS:000293829600001 ER PT J AU Hartung, DC Otkin, JA Petersen, RA Turner, DD Feltz, WF AF Hartung, Daniel C. Otkin, Jason A. Petersen, Ralph A. Turner, David D. Feltz, Wayne F. TI Assimilation of Surface-Based Boundary Layer Profiler Observations during a Cool-Season Weather Event Using an Observing System Simulation Experiment. Part II: Forecast Assessment SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID OBJECT-BASED VERIFICATION; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; FACTOR SEPARATION; IMPACT; PREDICTION; NETWORK; MODEL; SKILL; CYCLE AB In this study, atmospheric analyses obtained through assimilation of temperature, water vapor, and wind profiles from a potential network of ground-based remote sensing boundary layer profiling instruments were used to generate short-range ensemble forecasts for each assimilation experiment performed in Part I. Remote sensing systems evaluated during this study include the Doppler wind lidar (DWL), Raman lidar (RAM), microwave radiometer (MWR), and the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI). Overall, the results show that the most accurate forecasts were achieved when mass (temperature and humidity profiles from the RAM, MWR, and/or AERI) and momentum (wind profiles from the DWL) observations were assimilated simultaneously, which is consistent with the main conclusion from Part I. For instance, the improved wind and moisture analyses obtained through assimilation of these observations contributed to more accurate forecasts of moisture flux convergence and the intensity and location of accumulated precipitation (ACPC) due to improved dynamical forcing and mesoscale boundary layer thermodynamic structure. An object-based verification tool was also used to assess the skill of the ACPC forecasts. Overall, total interest values for ACPC matched objects, along with traditional forecast skill statistics like the equitable threat score and critical success index, were most improved in the multisensor assimilation cases. C1 [Hartung, Daniel C.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Turner, David D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hartung, DC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM daniel.hartung@ssec.wisc.edu RI Otkin, Jason/D-1737-2012 OI Otkin, Jason/0000-0003-4034-7845 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); CIMSS FX We extend a sincere thank you to John Halley-Gotway and Paul Oldenburg (DTC/UCAR) for their support and assistance with the installation, configuration, and implementation of the MET and MODE software packages that were used in this study. Funding for this project was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in support of recommendation 8a in the National Research Council (2009) report. Assimilation experiments leveraged computational resources purchased with CIMSS GOES-R project funds. Two anonymous reviewers provided thorough comments that enhanced the clarity and quality of this manuscript. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 139 IS 8 BP 2327 EP 2346 DI 10.1175/2011MWR3623.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RY UT WOS:000293829600002 ER PT J AU Matsueda, M Kyouda, M Toth, Z Tanaka, HL Tsuyuki, T AF Matsueda, Mio Kyouda, Masayuki Toth, Zoltan Tanaka, H. L. Tsuyuki, Tadashi TI Predictability of an Atmospheric Blocking Event that Occurred on 15 December 2005 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE PREDICTION SYSTEMS; MULTISCALE GEM MODEL; TARGETED OBSERVATIONS; DROPWINDSONDE DATA; FORECAST SKILL; ECMWF ENSEMBLE; IMPACT; CIRCULATION; DOTSTAR; WINTER AB Atmospheric blocking occurred over the Rocky Mountains at 1200 UTC 15 December 2005. The operational medium-range ensemble forecasts of the Canadian Meteorological Center (CMC), the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), as initialized at 1200 UTC 10 December 2005, showed remarkable differences regarding this event. All of the NCEP members failed to predict the correct location of the blocking, whereas almost all of the JMA members and most of the CMC members were successful in predicting the correct location. The present study investigated the factors that caused NCEP to incorrectly predict the blocking location, based on an ensemble-based sensitivity analysis and the JMA global spectral model (GSM) multianalysis ensemble forecasts with NCEP, regionally amplified NCEP, and globally amplified NCEP analyses. A sensitive area for the blocking formation was detected over the central North Pacific. In this area, the NCEP control analysis experienced problems in the handling of a cutoff cyclone, and the NCEP initial perturbations were ineffective in reducing uncertainties in the NCEP control analysis. The JMA GSM multianalysis ensemble forecasts revealed that regional amplification of initial perturbations over the sensitive area could lead to further improvements in forecasts over the blocking region without degradation of forecasts over the Northern Hemisphere (NH), whereas the global amplification of initial perturbations could lead to improved forecasts over the blocking region and degraded forecasts over the NH. This finding may suggest that excessive amplification of initial perturbations over nonsensitive areas is undesirable, and that case-dependent rescaling of initial perturbations may be of value compared with climatology-based rescaling, which is widely used in current operational ensemble prediction systems. C1 [Matsueda, Mio] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Kyouda, Masayuki] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Numer Predict Div, Tokyo, Japan. [Toth, Zoltan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Tanaka, H. L.] Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Tsuyuki, Tadashi] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Matsueda, M (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. EM mimatsue@mri-jma.go.jp RI Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015 OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194 NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 139 IS 8 BP 2455 EP 2470 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3551.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RY UT WOS:000293829600009 ER PT J AU Dietrich, JC Westerink, JJ Kennedy, AB Smith, JM Jensen, RE Zijlema, M Holthuijsen, LH Dawson, C Luettich, RA Powell, MD Cardone, VJ Cox, AT Stone, GW Pourtaheri, H Hope, ME Tanaka, S Westerink, LG Westerink, HJ Cobell, Z AF Dietrich, J. C. Westerink, J. J. Kennedy, A. B. Smith, J. M. Jensen, R. E. Zijlema, M. Holthuijsen, L. H. Dawson, C. Luettich, R. A., Jr. Powell, M. D. Cardone, V. J. Cox, A. T. Stone, G. W. Pourtaheri, H. Hope, M. E. Tanaka, S. Westerink, L. G. Westerink, H. J. Cobell, Z. TI Hurricane Gustav (2008) Waves and Storm Surge: Hindcast, Synoptic Analysis, and Validation in Southern Louisiana SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID COASTAL REGIONS; WIND FIELDS; MODEL; COMPUTATIONS; ENERGY; SCALE; SWAN AB Hurricane Gustav (2008) made landfall in southern Louisiana on 1 September 2008 with its eye never closer than 75 km to New Orleans, but its waves and storm surge threatened to flood the city. Easterly tropical-storm-strength winds impacted the region east of the Mississippi River for 12-15 h, allowing for early surge to develop up to 3.5 m there and enter the river and the city's navigation canals. During landfall, winds shifted from easterly to southerly, resulting in late surge development and propagation over more than 70 km of marshes on the river's west bank, over more than 40 km of Caernarvon marsh on the east bank, and into Lake Pontchartrain to the north. Wind waves with estimated significant heights of 15 m developed in the deep Gulf of Mexico but were reduced in size once they reached the continental shelf. The barrier islands further dissipated the waves, and locally generated seas existed behind these effective breaking zones. The hardening and innovative deployment of gauges since Hurricane Katrina (2005) resulted in a wealth of measured data for Gustav. A total of 39 wind wave time histories, 362 water level time histories, and 82 high water marks were available to describe the event. Computational models-including a structured-mesh deepwater wave model (WAM) and a nearshore steady-state wave (STWAVE) model, as well as an unstructured-mesh "simulating waves nearshore'' (SWAN) wave model and an advanced circulation (ADCIRC) model-resolve the region with unprecedented levels of detail, with an unstructured mesh spacing of 100-200 m in the wave-breaking zones and 20-50 m in the small-scale channels. Data-assimilated winds were applied using NOAA's Hurricane Research Division Wind Analysis System (H*Wind) and Interactive Objective Kinematic Analysis (IOKA) procedures. Wave and surge computations from these models are validated comprehensively at the measurement locations ranging from the deep Gulf of Mexico and along the coast to the rivers and floodplains of southern Louisiana and are described and quantified within the context of the evolution of the storm. C1 [Dietrich, J. C.; Dawson, C.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Dietrich, J. C.; Westerink, J. J.; Kennedy, A. B.; Hope, M. E.; Tanaka, S.; Westerink, L. G.; Westerink, H. J.; Cobell, Z.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Smith, J. M.; Jensen, R. E.] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Zijlema, M.; Holthuijsen, L. H.] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Delft, Netherlands. [Luettich, R. A., Jr.] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC USA. [Powell, M. D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Cardone, V. J.; Cox, A. T.] Oceanweather Inc, Cos Cob, CT USA. [Stone, G. W.] Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Pourtaheri, H.] US Army Corps Engineers, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Dietrich, JC (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, 1 Univ Stn,C0200, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM dietrich@ices.utexas.edu RI Dietrich, Joel/E-5161-2011; Kennedy, Andrew/E-4746-2011; Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013; Zijlema, Marcel/J-3099-2013 OI Dietrich, Joel/0000-0001-5294-2874; Kennedy, Andrew/0000-0002-7254-1346; Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945; FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) New Orleans District; Federal Emergency Management Agency Region 6; U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Center; University of Texas at Austin, Texas Advanced Computing Center; National Science Foundation [OCI-0746232]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-0285]; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Department of Homeland Security [2008-ST-061-ND0001] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) New Orleans District and the Federal Emergency Management Agency Region 6. Computational resources and support were provided by the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Center and the University of Texas at Austin, Texas Advanced Computing Center. Awards from the National Science Foundation (OCI-0746232) and the Office of Naval Research (N00014-06-1-0285) supported ADCIRC and SWAN model development. Permission to publish this paper was granted by the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security under Award 2008-ST-061-ND0001. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. NR 52 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 139 IS 8 BP 2488 EP 2522 DI 10.1175/2011MWR3611.1 PG 35 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RY UT WOS:000293829600011 ER PT J AU Zhang, JA Rogers, RF Nolan, DS Marks, FD AF Zhang, Jun A. Rogers, Robert F. Nolan, David S. Marks, Frank D., Jr. TI On the Characteristic Height Scales of the Hurricane Boundary Layer SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; TROPICAL CYCLONE CORE; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; PART I; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; NUMERICAL-MODEL; ISABEL 2003; TURBULENCE STRUCTURE; REFLECTIVITY FIELDS; POTENTIAL INTENSITY AB In this study, data from 794 GPS dropsondes deployed by research aircraft in 13 hurricanes are analyzed to study the characteristic height scales of the hurricane boundary layer. The height scales are defined in a variety of ways: the height of the maximum total wind speed, the inflow layer depth, and the mixed layer depth. The height of the maximum wind speed and the inflow layer depth are referred to as the dynamical boundary layer heights, while the mixed layer depth is referred to as the thermodynamical boundary layer height. The data analyses show that there is a clear separation of the thermodynamical and dynamical boundary layer heights. Consistent with previous studies on the boundary layer structure in individual storms, the dynamical boundary layer height is found to decrease with decreasing radius to the storm center. The thermodynamic boundary layer height, which is much shallower than the dynamical boundary layer height, is also found to decrease with decreasing radius to the storm center. The results also suggest that using the traditional critical Richardson number method to determine the boundary layer height may not accurately reproduce the height scale of the hurricane boundary layer. These different height scales reveal the complexity of the hurricane boundary layer structure that should be captured in hurricane model simulations. C1 [Zhang, Jun A.; Nolan, David S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Jun A.; Rogers, Robert F.; Marks, Frank D., Jr.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Zhang, JA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jun.zhang@noaa.gov RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012; Rogers, Robert/I-4428-2013 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; FU NOAA FX This work was supported by the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP). We gratefully acknowledge all the scientists who were involved in the Hurricane Research Division's field program collecting the data. We appreciate the efforts of all the scientists and students who helped with post-processing the sonde data used in this work. Without their efforts, this work would not have been possible. In particular, we are grateful to Kathryn Sellwood for putting the dropsonde data together. We acknowledge Eric Uhlhorn, Joe Cione, Sylvie Lorsolo, Mike Montgomery, Peter Black, and Mark Powell for valuable discussions. We appreciate the efforts of Jeff Kepert, Gary Barnes, and an anonymous reviewer in reviewing our paper and providing comments that led to substantial improvements. We also thank the editor, George Bryan, for providing valuable suggestions to improve this paper. NR 79 TC 83 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 139 IS 8 BP 2523 EP 2535 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-10-05017.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RY UT WOS:000293829600012 ER PT J AU Fu, XH Wang, B Lee, JY Wang, WQ Gao, L AF Fu, Xiouhua Wang, Bin Lee, June-Yi Wang, Wanqiu Gao, Li TI Sensitivity of Dynamical Intraseasonal Prediction Skills to Different Initial Conditions SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; STATISTICAL FORECAST MODEL; EXTENDED RANGE FORECASTS; SEAMLESS PREDICTION; SYSTEMATIC-ERRORS; DATA ASSIMILATION; EQUATORIAL WAVES; MJO PREDICTION; CLIMATE MODELS AB Predictability of intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) relies on both initial conditions and lower boundary conditions (or atmosphere-ocean interaction). The atmospheric reanalysis datasets are commonly used as initial conditions. Here, the biases of three reanalysis datasets [the NCEP reanalysis 1 and 2 (NCEP-R1 and -R2) and the ECMWF Re-Analysis Interim (ERA-Interim)] in describing ISO were briefly revealed and the impacts of these biases as initial conditions on ISO prediction skills were assessed. A signal-recovery method is proposed to improve ISO prediction. Although all three reanalyses underestimate the intensity of the equatorial eastward-propagating ISO, the overall quality of the ERA-Interim is better than the NCEP-R1 and -R2. When these reanalyses are used as initial conditions in the ECHAM4-University of Hawaii hybrid coupled model (UH-HCM), skillful ISO prediction reaches only about 1 week for both the 850-hPa zonal winds (U850) and rainfall over Southeast Asia and the global tropics. An enhanced nudging of the divergence field is shown to significantly improve the initial conditions, resulting in an extension of the skillful rainfall prediction by 2-4 days and U850 prediction by 5-10 days. After recovering the ISO signals in the original reanalyses, the resultant initial conditions contain ISO strength closer to the observed, whereas the rainfall spatial pattern correlation in the ERA-Interim reanalysis drops. The resultant ISO prediction skills, however, are consistently extended for all the NCEP and ERA-Interim reanalyses. Using these signal-recovered reanalyses as initial conditions, the boreal summer ISO prediction skill measured with the Wheeler-Hendon index reaches 14 days. The U850 and rainfall prediction skills, respectively, reach 23 and 18 days over Southeast Asia. It is also found that small-scale synoptic weather disturbances in initial conditions generally increase ISO prediction skills. Both the UH-HCM and NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFS) suffer the prediction barrier over the Maritime Continent. C1 [Fu, Xiouhua; Wang, Bin; Lee, June-Yi; Gao, Li] Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wang, Bin] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wang, Wanqiu] NCEP CPC, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Gao, Li] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Fu, XH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, Int Pacific Res Ctr, 1680 EW Rd,POST Bldg 409D, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM xfu@hawaii.edu RI Lee, June-Yi/D-5752-2012 FU Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC); NASA; NOAA; Korean Meteorological Administration [RACS 2010-2017] FX This work was sponsored by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), NASA, and NOAA through their support of the IPRC. Additional support comes from NOAA, DOE, NSF, and the APEC Climate Center (APCC) as part of the APCC International Research Project (CLiPAS) and the Korean Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program (RACS 2010-2017). We thank Dr. Hai Lin at Environment Canada for sharing his codes to calculate MJO skill. NR 93 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 139 IS 8 BP 2572 EP 2592 DI 10.1175/2011MWR3584.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RY UT WOS:000293829600016 ER PT J AU Potvin, CK Shapiro, A Biggerstaff, MI Wurman, JM AF Potvin, Corey K. Shapiro, Alan Biggerstaff, Michael I. Wurman, Joshua M. TI The VDAC Technique: A Variational Method for Detecting and Characterizing Convective Vortices in Multiple-Doppler Radar Data SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID VELOCITY TRACK DISPLAY; VORTEX STRUCTURE; GBVTD TECHNIQUE; TORNADO; CIRCULATIONS; SUPERCELL; WSR-88D AB The vortex detection and characterization (VDAC) technique is designed to identify tornadoes, mesocyclones, and other convective vortices in multiple-Doppler radar data and retrieve their size, strength, and translational velocity. The technique consists of fitting radial wind data from two or more radars to a simple analytical model of a vortex and its near environment. The model combines a uniform flow, linear shear flow, linear divergence flow (all of which comprise a broad-scale flow), and modified combined Rankine vortex. The vortex and its environmental flow are allowed to translate. A cost function accounting for the discrepancy between the model and observed radial winds is evaluated over space and time so that observations can be used at the actual times and locations they were acquired. The model parameters are determined by minimizing this cost function. Tests of the technique using analytically generated, numerically simulated, and one observed tornadic wind field were presented by Potvin et al. in an earlier study. In the present study, an improved version of the technique is applied to additional real radar observations of tornadoes and other substorm-scale vortices. The technique exhibits skill in detecting such vortices and characterizing their size and strength. Single-Doppler experiments suggest that the technique may reliably detect and characterize larger (>1-km diameter) vortices even in the absence of overlapping radar coverage. C1 [Potvin, Corey K.; Shapiro, Alan; Biggerstaff, Michael I.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Potvin, Corey K.; Shapiro, Alan] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wurman, Joshua M.] Ctr Severe Weather Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Potvin, CK (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Forecast Res & Dev Div, Room 4355,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM corey.potvin@noaa.gov RI Shapiro, Alan/G-6116-2011; OI Biggerstaff, Michael/0000-0002-6690-784X FU NSF through the Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) [EEC-031347]; NSF [ATM-0619715, ATM-0802717, ATM-0734001, ATM-801041] FX This work was primarily supported by NSF Grant EEC-031347, through the Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA). The CASA velocity data were edited by V. Chandrasekar and Nitin Bharadwaj. The SMART radar data were collected and provided by M. Biggerstaff and edited by K. Kuhlman and D. Betten under NSF Grants ATM-0619715 and ATM-0802717. The DOW data were edited by David Dowell. We appreciate the contributions of the DOW crew including Curtis Alexander, MyShelle Bryant, Bob Conzemius, David Dowell, Steve McDonald, Kevin McGrath, Kevin Scharfenberg, Herb Stein, Josh Wurman, and Pengfei Zhang during ROTATE (Radar Observations of Tornadoes and Thunderstorms Experiment) 2001. The DOW radars and their data were supported by NSF Grants ATM-0734001 and ATM-801041. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 139 IS 8 BP 2593 EP 2613 DI 10.1175/2011MWR3638.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RY UT WOS:000293829600017 ER PT J AU Coniglio, MC Hwang, JY Stensrud, DJ AF Coniglio, Michael C. Hwang, Jason Y. Stensrud, David J. TI Environmental factors in the upscale growth and longevity of MCSs derived from Rapid Update Cycle analyses (vol 138, pg 3514, 2010) SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Correction C1 [Coniglio, Michael C.; Hwang, Jason Y.; Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Coniglio, MC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Room 2234,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM michael.coniglio@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 139 IS 8 BP 2686 EP 2688 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00064.1 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RY UT WOS:000293829600022 ER PT J AU Muller, CJ O'Gorman, PA AF Muller, C. J. O'Gorman, P. A. TI An energetic perspective on the regional response of precipitation to climate change SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; MECHANISMS; INCREASES; GCM AB Understanding and predicting the response of the hydrological cycle to climate change is a major challenge with important societal implications. Much progress has been made in understanding the response of global average precipitation by considering the energy balances of the atmosphere and the surface(1-6). This energetic perspective reveals that changes in temperature, greenhouse gases, aerosols, solar forcing and cloud feedbacks can all affect the global average rate of precipitation(5,7-11). Local precipitation changes have conventionally been analysed using the water vapour budget, but here we show that the energetic approach can be extended to local changes in precipitation by including changes in horizontal energy transport. In simulations of twenty-first century climate change, this energy transport accounts for much of the spatial variability in precipitation change. We show that changes in radiative and surface sensible heat fluxes are a guide to the local precipitation response over land and at large scales, but not at small scales over the ocean, where cloud and water vapour radiative feedbacks dampen the response. The energetic approach described here helps bridge the gap between our understanding of global and regional precipitation changes. It could be applied to better understand the response of regional precipitation to different radiative forcings, including geo-engineering schemes, as well as to understand the differences between the fast and slow responses of regional precipitation to such forcings. C1 [Muller, C. J.] Princeton Univ, GFDL, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [O'Gorman, P. A.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Muller, CJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, GFDL, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM caroline.muller@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 29 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 1 IS 5 BP 266 EP 271 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1169 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806YG UT WOS:000293853300020 ER PT J AU Weissman, A Petrov, M Gupta, SK AF Weissman, Alexander Petrov, Martin Gupta, Satyandra K. TI A computational framework for authoring and searching product design specifications SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Product design specifications; Engineering design; Requirements engineering ID REQUIREMENTS MANAGEMENT; TAXONOMY; PATTERNS; MODEL AB The development of product design specifications (PDS) is an important part of the product development process. Incompleteness, ambiguity, or inconsistency in the PDS can lead to problems during the design process and may require unnecessary design iterations. This generally results in increased design time and cost. Currently, in many organizations, PDS are written using word processors. Since documents written by different authors can be inconsistent in style and word choice, it is difficult to automatically search for specific requirements. Moreover, this approach does not allow the possibility of automated design verification and validation against the design requirements and specifications. In this paper, we present a computational framework and a software tool based on this framework for writing, annotating, and searching computer-interpretable PDS. Our approach allows authors to write requirement statements in natural language to be consistent with the existing authoring practice. However, using mathematical expressions, keywords from predefined taxonomies, and other metadata the author of PDS can then annotate different parts of the requirement statements. This approach provides unambiguous meaning to the information contained in PDS, and helps to eliminate mistakes later in the process when designers must interpret requirements. Our approach also enables users to construct a new PDS document from the results of the search for requirements of similar devices and in similar contexts. This capability speeds up the process of creating PDS and helps authors write more detailed documents by utilizing previous, well written PDS documents. Our approach also enables checking for internal inconsistencies in the requirement statements. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gupta, Satyandra K.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Gupta, SK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM skgupta@eng.umd.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST) Manufacturing System Integration Division FX This research is supported in part by the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST) Manufacturing System Integration Division. NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1474-0346 EI 1873-5320 J9 ADV ENG INFORM JI Adv. Eng. Inform. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 25 IS 3 BP 516 EP 534 DI 10.1016/j.aei.2011.02.001 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 804TZ UT WOS:000293678200012 ER PT J AU Campbell, JP Cheung, KP Suehle, JS Oates, A AF Campbell, J. P. Cheung, K. P. Suehle, J. S. Oates, A. TI A Simple Series Resistance Extraction Methodology for Advanced CMOS Devices SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Series resistance ID EFFECTIVE CHANNEL-LENGTH; MOSFETS; GATE AB Series resistance has become a serious obstacle inhibiting the performance of advanced CMOS devices. However, series resistance quantification in these same advanced CMOS devices is becoming exceedingly difficult. In this letter, we demonstrate a very simple series resistance extraction procedure which is derived only from the ratio of two linear I(D)-V(G) measurements. This approach has a verifiable accuracy check and is successfully used to extract the series resistance from several advanced devices. Furthermore, the validity of the assumptions used in this series resistance extraction procedure is examined and shown to be justified. In an attempt to further test the validity of this technique, several known external resistors were inserted in series with the device under test. The series resistance extraction procedure faithfully reproduces these known external resistances to within +/- 10%. C1 [Campbell, J. P.; Cheung, K. P.; Suehle, J. S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Oates, A.] Taiwan Semicond Mfg Corp, Hsinchu 30844, Taiwan. RP Campbell, JP (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jason.campbell@nist.gov; kpckpc@ieee.org; john.suehle@nist.gov; aoates@tsmc.com FU National Institute of Standards and Technology Office of Microelectronics Programs FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology Office of Microelectronics Programs. The review of this letter was arranged by Editor K. De Meyer. NR 15 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1047 EP 1049 DI 10.1109/LED.2011.2158183 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 805EY UT WOS:000293710400018 ER PT J AU Pivarnik, LF Faustman, C Rossi, S Suman, SP Palmer, C Richard, NL Ellis, PC DiLiberti, M AF Pivarnik, Lori F. Faustman, Cameron Rossi, Santiago Suman, Surendranath P. Palmer, Catherine Richard, Nicole L. Ellis, P. Christopher DiLiberti, Michael TI Quality Assessment of Filtered Smoked Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Steaks SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carbon monoxide; color; filtered wood smoke; seafood quality; tuna steaks ID OXIDATION IN-VITRO; LIPID OXIDATION; MYOGLOBIN; BEEF; OXYMYOGLOBIN; MUSCLE; FISH; AUTOXIDATION; STABILITY; ELECTRODE AB Filtered smoke (FS) has been used to preserve taste, texture, and/or color in tuna and other fish species. This treatment is particularly important in color preservation during frozen storage. The objective of this study was to compare changes in the quality profiles of FS-treated and untreated (UT) yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) steaks stored in 3 ways: room temperature (21 to 22 degrees C), refrigerated (4 to 5 degrees C), and iced (0 degrees C). FS and UT steaks were processed from the same lot of fish and analyzed for chemical, microbiological, lipid oxidation, color, and sensory profiles. Similar trends were seen for microbial proliferation and accumulation of apparent ammonia and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) during the storage temperatures evaluated. Notable exception in quality profile was found in lipid oxidation which was, as expected, lower for treated samples at all storage temperatures for TBARS (P < 0.05) and lower or significantly (P < 0.05) lower for POV values. FS increased the initial redness value significantly (P < 0.05). Unlike UT product, there was no loss of color value concomitant with quality changes for FS-treated tuna for all storage temperatures evaluated. C1 [Pivarnik, Lori F.; Rossi, Santiago; Palmer, Catherine; Richard, Nicole L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, W Kingston, RI USA. [Faustman, Cameron] Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Suman, Surendranath P.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY USA. [Ellis, P. Christopher] Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Food Chem Lab, Providence, RI 02908 USA. [DiLiberti, Michael] USDC NOAA NSIP, Natl Tech Serv, Gloucester, MA USA. RP Pivarnik, LF (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, W Kingston, RI USA. EM Pivarnik@uri.edu OI Suman, Surendranath/0000-0001-7523-2146; Faustman, Cameron/0000-0002-8061-5907 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA/NMFS) [NA16FD2301]; Univ. of Rhode Island/Agricultural Experiment Station (URI/AES); RI Sea Grant FX This study was funded by a grant from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA/NMFS) under grant no. NA16FD2301. The project was assigned contribution no. 5254 by the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture at the Univ. of Rhode Island. This research was supported by the Univ. of Rhode Island/Agricultural Experiment Station (URI/AES) and RI Sea Grant. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 76 IS 6 BP S369 EP S379 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02276.x PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 804DA UT WOS:000293633100064 PM 22417519 ER PT J AU Lee, KY Lock, A Hamins, A AF Lee, Ki Yong Lock, Andrew Hamins, Anthony TI An experimental study of acoustically driven medium-scale pool fires SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pool fire; Absorption soot volume fraction; Acoustic wave; Natural frequency; Radiative heat flux; Oscillation ID FLAMES; SOOT AB A set of experiments has been conducted on a medium-scale propane fueled pool fire acoustically forced in order to facilitate repeatable measurements defining the flame's transient behavior. The fuel flow was slightly perturbed at the pool fire's natural frequency by a sine waveform driven with a loudspeaker which was installed under the burner. As a result of the perturbation, the puffing behavior of the pool fire and the fire shape were modified. As the magnitude of the sine wave was increased larger perturbations were clearly observed, based on the measurement of the radiative heat flux and image analysis. Temperature and soot volume fractions were measured along the center line and throughout a slice of the flame. The soot volume fractions in the flame region are in good agreement with the data of other researchers. The reproducibility of these measurements was established through several experiments. The acoustically driven flame provides the possibility of more repeatable measurements of the transient behavior of these pool fires. C1 [Lee, Ki Yong] Andong Natl Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Andong 760749, South Korea. [Lock, Andrew; Hamins, Anthony] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, KY (reprint author), Andong Natl Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Andong 760749, South Korea. EM kylee@andong.ac.kr RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU Korean Research Foundation [KRF-2008-013-D00013] FX This work supported by the Korean Research Foundation Grant (KRF-2008-013-D00013). NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU KOREAN SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI SEOUL PA KSTC NEW BLD. 7TH FLOOR, 635-4 YEOKSAM-DONG KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1738-494X J9 J MECH SCI TECHNOL JI J. Mech. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 25 IS 8 BP 2035 EP 2041 DI 10.1007/s12206-011-0627-1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 806HZ UT WOS:000293798200017 ER PT J AU Dizdaroglu, M Reddy, PT Jaruga, P AF Dizdaroglu, Miral Reddy, Prasad T. Jaruga, Pawel TI Identification and Quantification of DNA Repair Proteins by Liquid Chromatography/Isotope-Dilution Tandem Mass Spectrometry Using Their Fully N-15-Labeled Analogues as Internal Standards SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cancer biomarkers; DNA damage; DNA repair proteins; mass spectrometry; OGG1 ID BASE EXCISION-REPAIR; CELL LUNG-CANCER; REDUCED EXPRESSION; GASTRIC-CANCER; DAMAGED DNA; GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; NECK-CANCER; HOGG1 GENE AB Oxidatively induced DNA damage is implicated in disease, unless it is repaired by DNA repair. Defects in DNA repair capacity may be a risk factor for various disease processes. Thus, DNA repair proteins may be used as early detection and therapeutic biomarkers in cancer and other diseases. For this purpose, the measurement of the expression level of these proteins in vivo will be necessary. We applied liquid chromatography/isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the identification and quantification of DNA repair proteins human 8-hydroxyguanine-DNA glycosylase (hOGG1) and Escherichia coli formamidopyrimdine DNA glycosylase (Fpg), which are involved in base-excision repair of oxidatively induced DNA damage. We overproduced and purified N-15-labeled analogues of these proteins to be used as suitable internal standards to ensure the accuracy of quantification. Unlabeled and N-15-labeled proteins were digested with trypsin and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Numerous tryptic peptides of both proteins were identified on the basis of their full-scan mass spectra. These peptides matched the theoretical peptide fragments expected from trypsin digestion and provided statistically significant protein scores that would unequivocally identify these proteins. We also recorded the product ion spectra of the tryptic peptides and defined the characteristic product ions. Mixtures of the analyte proteins and their N-15-labeled analogues were analyzed by selected-reaction monitoring on the basis of product ions. The results obtained suggest that the methodology developed would be highly suitable for the positive identification and accurate quantification of DNA repair proteins in vivo as potential biomarkers for cancer and other diseases. C1 [Dizdaroglu, Miral; Reddy, Prasad T.; Jaruga, Pawel] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dizdaroglu, M (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr,MS8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM miral@nist.gov RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 10 IS 8 BP 3802 EP 3813 DI 10.1021/pr200269j PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 802CW UT WOS:000293487900044 PM 21619077 ER PT J AU Dezarn, WA Cessna, JT DeWerd, LA Feng, WZ Gates, VL Halama, J Kennedy, AS Nag, S Sarfaraz, M Sehgal, V Selwyn, R Stabin, MG Thomadsen, BR Williams, LE Salem, R AF Dezarn, William A. Cessna, Jeffery T. DeWerd, Larry A. Feng, Wenzheng Gates, Vanessa L. Halama, James Kennedy, Andrew S. Nag, Subir Sarfaraz, Mehrdad Sehgal, Varun Selwyn, Reed Stabin, Michael G. Thomadsen, Bruce R. Williams, Lawrence E. Salem, Riad TI Recommendations of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine on dosimetry, imaging, and quality assurance procedures for Y-90 microsphere brachytherapy in the treatment of hepatic malignancies SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE yttrium; microsphere; brachytherapy; radioembolization; liver; dosimetry; imaging ID PATIENT-SPECIFIC DOSIMETRY; RADIONUCLIDE THERAPY; LIVER METASTASES; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; CLINICAL-EVALUATION; DOSE CALCULATION; PARTITION MODEL; RADIATION; RADIOEMBOLIZATION; SPECT AB Yttrium-90 microsphere brachytherapy of the liver exploits the distinctive features of the liver anatomy to treat liver malignancies with beta radiation and is gaining more wide spread clinical use. This report provides a general overview of microsphere liver brachytherapy and assists the treatment team in creating local treatment practices to provide safe and efficient patient treatment. Suggestions for future improvements are incorporated with the basic rationale for the therapy and currently used procedures. Imaging modalities utilized and their respective quality assurance are discussed. General as well as vendor specific delivery procedures are reviewed. The current dosimetry models are reviewed and suggestions for dosimetry advancement are made. Beta activity standards are reviewed and vendor implementation strategies are discussed. Radioactive material licensing and radiation safety are discussed given the unique requirements of microsphere brachytherapy. A general, team-based quality assurance program is reviewed to provide guidance for the creation of the local procedures. Finally, recommendations are given on how to deliver the current state of the art treatments and directions for future improvements in the therapy. (C) 2011 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3608909] C1 [Dezarn, William A.] Med Radiat Phys Inc, Milford, OH 45150 USA. [Cessna, Jeffery T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [DeWerd, Larry A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Phys, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Feng, Wenzheng] William Beaumont Hosp, Heart & Vasc Ctr, Royal Oak, MI 48073 USA. [Gates, Vanessa L.; Salem, Riad] NW Mem Hosp, Div Intervent Radiol, Dept Radiol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Halama, James] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Kennedy, Andrew S.] Wake Radiol Oncol Serv, Cary, NC 27518 USA. [Nag, Subir] Kaiser Permanente Radiat Oncol, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. [Sarfaraz, Mehrdad] Greater Baltimore Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Baltimore, MD 21204 USA. [Sehgal, Varun] Univ Calif, Dept Radiat Oncol, Irvine Med Ctr, Orange, CA 92868 USA. [Selwyn, Reed] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Radiol & Radiol Sci Dept, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Stabin, Michael G.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Thomadsen, Bruce R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Phys, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Williams, Lawrence E.] City Hope Med Ctr, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. RP Dezarn, WA (reprint author), Med Radiat Phys Inc, Milford, OH 45150 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; OI Gates, Vanessa/0000-0003-4131-8640 FU Sirtex Medical FX The co-authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Bonnie Hamilton, Nordion Inc., and Steve Jones, Sirtex Medical Limited. They have provided information about the commercially available radioactive microsphere products throughout the writing of this report. The following co-authors have conflict of interest statements: WD has received honoraria from Sirtex Medical. AK is a consultant to and has received honoraria and research grants from Sirtex Medical. RS is a consultant for Nordion and Sirtex Medical. NR 56 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 38 IS 8 BP 4824 EP 4845 DI 10.1118/1.3608909 PG 22 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 801DV UT WOS:000293417500043 PM 21928655 ER PT J AU Parrish, CE Jeong, I Nowak, RD Smith, RB AF Parrish, Christopher E. Jeong, Inseong Nowak, Robert D. Smith, R. Brent TI Empirical Comparison of Full-Waveform Lidar Algorithms: Range Extraction and Discrimination Performance SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE LASER SCANNER; SMALL-FOOTPRINT; VEGETATION; DECOMPOSITION; ALTIMETER AB As third-party lidar software manufacturers are increasingly adding support for full-waveform data, a common question is which algorithm(s) to implement. To this end, a new approach is needed to compare and contrast various lidar waveform processing strategies from a practical, operational perspective. Quality and type of information output, processing speed, suitability for particular applications, robustness against poor parameter selection, and more subjective measures related to user experience are of interest. This paper describes a new empirical method of comparing range extraction and discrimination performance of different algorithms, based on a ranging-lab setup with multiple, adjustable screen targets, with precisely-measured separations. We present the results of comparing three different algorithms described in the scientific literature. The results show distinct differences and also indicate that there is no "one-size-fits-all" approach: the choice of a specific algorithm and adjustable parameter settings are highly application-dependent. C1 [Parrish, Christopher E.] Univ New Hampshire, Jere A Chase Ocean Engn Lab, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, NOAA,NGS Remote Sensing Div, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Jeong, Inseong] NOAA, NGS Remote Sensing Res DST, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Nowak, Robert D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Smith, R. Brent] Optech Inc, Vaughan, ON L4K 5Z8, Canada. RP Parrish, CE (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Jere A Chase Ocean Engn Lab, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, NOAA,NGS Remote Sensing Div, 24 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM chris.parrish@noaa.gov RI Rogers, King/G-5482-2010 NR 31 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 77 IS 8 BP 825 EP 838 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 805ZF UT WOS:000293768900010 ER PT J AU Lee, SS Donner, LJ AF Lee, Seoung Soo Donner, Leo J. TI Effects of Cloud Parameterization on Radiation and Precipitation: A Comparison Between Single-Moment Microphysics and Double-Moment Microphysics SO TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Single-moment microphysics; Double-moment microphysics; Precipitation ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; ICE-NUCLEATION; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; CONTINUOUS COLLECTION; NUMBER CONCENTRATION; 2-MOMENT SCHEMES; DEEP CONVECTION; SENSITIVITY; PARTICLES; EQUATIONS AB This study compares a single-moment microphysics scheme to a double-moment microphysics scheme using four observed cases of a mesoscale cloud system. Previous studies comparing a single-moment microphysics scheme to a double-moment microphysics scheme have focused on microphysical processes or overall dynamics, precipitation and morphology of cloud systems. However, they have not focused on how the different representation of microphysical processes between a single- and double-moment microphysics scheme affects precipitation. This study shifts its focus from that of previous studies to the effect of the different representation of microphysics on precipitation. In addition, this study examines the effect of the different representation of microphysical processes on different radiation budgets between single- and double-moment microphysics schemes. The temporal evolution of precipitation simulated by a single-moment microphysics scheme is significantly different from that by a double-moment microphysics scheme in this study. This is mostly due to different physical representations of key processes (i.e., autoconversion, saturation, and nucleation). Also, a simulation by a single-moment microphysics scheme results in different radiation budgets compared to a double-moment microphysics scheme. More reflection of incident solar radiation in a simulation with a double-moment microphysics scheme than that with a single-moment microphysics scheme is simulated. C1 [Lee, Seoung Soo] NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Donner, Leo J.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Lee, SS (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. EM Seoung.Soo.Lee@noaa.gov RI Lee, Seoung Soo/H-5383-2013 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce [NA17RJ2612] FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Venkatachalam Ramaswamy for valuable discussions. This paper was prepared under award NA17RJ2612 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU CHINESE GEOSCIENCE UNION PI TAIPEI PA PO BOX 23-59, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN SN 1017-0839 J9 TERR ATMOS OCEAN SCI JI Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 22 IS 4 BP 403 EP 420 DI 10.3319/TAO.2011.03.03.01(A) PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 806JA UT WOS:000293802500004 ER PT J AU McNeil, BI Sweeney, C Gibson, JAE AF McNeil, Ben I. Sweeney, Colm Gibson, John A. E. TI Short Note Natural seasonal variability of aragonite saturation state within two Antarctic coastal ocean sites SO ANTARCTIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ACIDIFICATION; BAY C1 [McNeil, Ben I.] Univ New S Wales, Fac Sci, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Sweeney, Colm] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sweeney, Colm] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Gibson, John A. E.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP McNeil, BI (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Fac Sci, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM b.mcneil@unsw.edu.au OI McNeil, Ben/0000-0001-5765-7087 NR 8 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0954-1020 J9 ANTARCT SCI JI Antarct. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 23 IS 4 BP 411 EP 412 DI 10.1017/S0954102011000204 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 800CQ UT WOS:000293337000013 ER PT J AU Chadwick, WW Jonsson, S Geist, DJ Poland, M Johnson, DJ Batt, S Harpp, KS Ruiz, A AF Chadwick, William W., Jr. Jonsson, Sigurjon Geist, Dennis J. Poland, Michael Johnson, Daniel J. Batt, Spencer Harpp, Karen S. Ruiz, Andres TI The May 2005 eruption of Fernandina volcano, Galapagos: The first circumferential dike intrusion observed by GPS and InSAR SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Circumferential dike intrusion; Ground deformation; Kinematic modeling; Magma reservoirs ID SIERRA-NEGRA-VOLCANO; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SATELLITE RADAR; TENSILE FAULTS; HALF-SPACE; ISLANDS; DEFORMATION; CONSTRAINTS; EARTHQUAKE; SYSTEMS AB The May 2005 eruption of Fernandina volcano, Galapagos, occurred along circumferential fissures parallel to the caldera rim and fed lava flows down the steep southwestern slope of the volcano for several weeks. This was the first circumferential dike intrusion ever observed by both InSAR and GPS measurements and thus provides an opportunity to determine the subsurface geometry of these enigmatic structures that are common on Galapagos volcanoes but are rare elsewhere. Pre- and post- eruption ground deformation between 2002 and 2006 can be modeled by the inflation of two separate magma reservoirs beneath the caldera: a shallow sill at similar to 1 km depth and a deeper point-source at similar to 5 km depth, and we infer that this system also existed at the time of the 2005 eruption. The co-eruption deformation is dominated by uplift near the 2005 eruptive fissures, superimposed on a broad subsidence centered on the caldera. Modeling of the co-eruption deformation was performed by including various combinations of planar dislocations to simulate the 2005 circumferential dike intrusion. We found that a single planar dike could not match both the InSAR and GPS data. Our best-fit model includes three planar dikes connected along hinge lines to simulate a curved concave shell that is steeply dipping (similar to 45-60A degrees) toward the caldera at the surface and more gently dipping (similar to 12-14A degrees) at depth where it connects to the horizontal sub-caldera sill. The shallow sill is underlain by the deep point source. The geometry of this modeled magmatic system is consistent with the petrology of Fernandina lavas, which suggest that circumferential eruptions tap the shallowest parts of the system, whereas radial eruptions are fed from deeper levels. The recent history of eruptions at Fernandina is also consistent with the idea that circumferential and radial intrusions are sometimes in a stress-feedback relationship and alternate in time with one another. C1 [Chadwick, William W., Jr.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Jonsson, Sigurjon] KAUST King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia. [Geist, Dennis J.; Batt, Spencer] Univ Idaho, Dept Geol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Poland, Michael] USGS, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Volcano, HI 96718 USA. [Johnson, Daniel J.] Univ Puget Sound, Dept Geol, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA. [Harpp, Karen S.] Colgate Univ, Dept Geol, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA. [Ruiz, Andres] Escuela Politec Nacl, Inst Geofis, Quito, Ecuador. RP Chadwick, WW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM bill.chadwick@noaa.gov RI Jonsson, Sigurjon/G-4353-2015; OI Jonsson, Sigurjon/0000-0001-5378-7079; Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-9814312, EAR-0004067, EAR-0538205]; NOAA [3559]; European Space Agency [3493] FX The manuscript was greatly improved by helpful reviews from Sang-Ho Yun and Scott Rowland. This research was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation Earth Sciences Program (EAR-9814312, EAR-0004067, and EAR-0538205), and in part by the NOAA Vents Program (PMEL contribution #3559). Michael Ramsey (University of Pittsburg) and Scott Rowland (University of Hawaii) kindly assisted with acquiring and processing the ASTER satellite imagery. ENVISAT radar data were provided by the European Space Agency through Cat-1 project #3493. Clay Hamilton at upwarp.com created the illustration in Fig. 13. The Charles Darwin Research Station and the Galapagos National Park Service provided invaluable logistical assistance. Beth Bartel, Erika Rader, Glyn Williams-Jones, Nathalie Vigouroux, Terry Naumann, and Kim Whipple helped in the field during our 2002 and 2006 GPS surveys. This paper is dedicated to the memory of our late friend, colleague, and co-author Daniel J. Johnson. NR 40 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 73 IS 6 BP 679 EP 697 DI 10.1007/s00445-010-0433-0 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 799KY UT WOS:000293286800004 ER PT J AU Karmalkar, AV Bradley, RS Diaz, HF AF Karmalkar, Ambarish V. Bradley, Raymond S. Diaz, Henry F. TI Climate change in Central America and Mexico: regional climate model validation and climate change projections SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Regional climate change; Biodiversity; Central America ID LOW-LEVEL JET; PACIFIC SST VARIABILITY; SPACE-TIME CLIMATE; CARIBBEAN RAINFALL; TEMPERATURE TRENDS; MIDSUMMER DROUGHT; TROPICAL ANDES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES AB Central America has high biodiversity, it harbors high-value ecosystems and it's important to provide regional climate change information to assist in adaptation and mitigation work in the region. Here we study climate change projections for Central America and Mexico using a regional climate model. The model evaluation shows its success in simulating spatial and temporal variability of temperature and precipitation and also in capturing regional climate features such as the bimodal annual cycle of precipitation and the Caribbean low-level jet. A variety of climate regimes within the model domain are also better identified in the regional model simulation due to improved resolution of topographic features. Although, the model suffers from large precipitation biases, it shows improvements over the coarse-resolution driving model in simulating precipitation amounts. The model shows a dry bias in the wet season and a wet bias in the dry season suggesting that it's unable to capture the full range of precipitation variability. Projected warming under the A2 scenario is higher in the wet season than that in the dry season with the Yucatan Peninsula experiencing highest warming. A large reduction in precipitation in the wet season is projected for the region, whereas parts of Central America that receive a considerable amount of moisture in the form of orographic precipitation show significant decreases in precipitation in the dry season. Projected climatic changes can have detrimental impacts on biodiversity as they are spatially similar, but far greater in magnitude, than those observed during the El Nio events in recent decades that adversely affected species in the region. C1 [Karmalkar, Ambarish V.] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford OX4 4YB, England. [Bradley, Raymond S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Diaz, Henry F.] NOAA, ESRL, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Karmalkar, AV (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX4 4YB, England. EM ambarish.karmalkar@ouce.ox.ac.uk FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on our manuscript. NR 92 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 9 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 37 IS 3-4 BP 605 EP 629 DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1099-9 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 800YL UT WOS:000293403500012 ER PT J AU Wang, X Wang, CZ Zhou, W Wang, DX Song, J AF Wang, Xin Wang, Chunzai Zhou, Wen Wang, Dongxiao Song, Jie TI Teleconnected influence of North Atlantic sea surface temperature on the El Nino onset SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID ASIAN WINTER MONSOON; EQUATORIAL WESTERN PACIFIC; INDIAN-OCEAN; ARCTIC-OSCILLATION; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; AIR-TEMPERATURE; WIND BURSTS; LA-NINA; ENSO AB Influence of North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies on tropical Pacific SST anomalies is examined. Both summer and winter North Atlantic SST anomalies are negatively related to central-eastern tropical Pacific SST anomalies in the subsequent months varying from 5 to 13 months. In particular, when the North Atlantic is colder than normal in the summer, an El Nio event is likely to be initiated in the subsequent spring in the tropical Pacific. Associated with summer cold North Atlantic SST anomalies is an anomalous cyclonic circulation at low-level over the North Atlantic from subsequent October to April. Corresponded to this local response, an SST-induced heating over the North Atlantic produces a teleconnected pattern, similar to the East Atlantic/West Russia teleconnection. The pattern features two anticyclonic circulations near England and Lake Baikal, and two cyclonic circulations over the North Atlantic and near the Caspian Sea. The anticyclonic circulation near Lake Baikal enhances the continent northerlies, and strengthens the East-Asian winter monsoon. These are also associated with an off-equatorial cyclonic circulation in the western Pacific during the subsequent winter and spring, which produces equatorial westerly wind anomalies in the western Pacific. The equatorial westerly wind anomalies in the winter and spring can help initiate a Pacific El Nio event following a cold North Atlantic in the summer. C1 [Wang, Xin; Wang, Dongxiao] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Sea Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Trop Marine Environm Dynam, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Wang, Xin; Zhou, Wen] City Univ Hong Kong, Sch Energy & Environm, Guy Carpenter Asia Pacific Climate Impact Ctr, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Song, Jie] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. RP Wang, DX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, S China Sea Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Trop Marine Environm Dynam, 164 W Xingang Rd, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM dxwang@scsio.ac.cn RI Zhou, Wen/C-3750-2012; Wang, Xin/B-4624-2012; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; WANG, DongXiao/B-4445-2012 OI Zhou, Wen/0000-0002-3297-4841; Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-214]; Natural Science Foundation of China [U0733002, 40906010]; MOST of China [2006CB403604]; City University of Hong Kong [7002329] FX This work is supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant KZCX2-YW-214), the Natural Science Foundation of China (grants U0733002 and 40906010), and the MOST of China (grant 2006CB403604). The work of Xin Wang is supported by City University of Hong Kong Research Scholarship Enhancement Scheme and the City University of Hong Kong Strategic Research Grants 7002329. NR 61 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 37 IS 3-4 BP 663 EP 676 DI 10.1007/s00382-010-0833-z PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 800YL UT WOS:000293403500015 ER PT J AU Maxim, F Vilarinho, PM Ferreira, P Reaney, IM Levin, I AF Maxim, Florentina Vilarinho, Paula M. Ferreira, Paula Reaney, Ian M. Levin, Igor TI Kinetic Study of the Static Hydrothermal Synthesis of BaTiO3 Using Titanate Nanotubes Precursors SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID BARIUM-TITANATE; NANOCRYSTALLINE BATIO3; PHASE-CHANGE; PARTICLES; NANOWIRES; SIZE; POWDERS; NANOSTRUCTURES; MECHANISMS; CERAMICS AB A kinetic study of the growth of BaTiO3 under hydrothermal conditions using layered titanate nanotubes as precursors has been performed at 110 and 200 degrees C. At the early stages of crystallization, irrespective of temperature, pseudocubic BaTiO3 nucleates on the surfaces of the nanotubes. Growth subsequently proceeds by a phase-boundary mechanism with exponent m approximate to 1. During this first regime, "wild type" dendritic particles form with a rough surface and a microstructure which contains planar defects. As the reaction proceeds beyond 70% completion, the nanotubes fully dissolve, and nucleation and growth of tetragonal rather than pseudocubic BaTiO3 take place. During this second regime, the morphology of the BaTiO3 particles remains predominantly dendritic with "seaweed" morphology and a smooth surface, but smaller spherical precipitates and particles with a small number of dendritic arms are also observed. For this stage in the hydrothermal process, the exponent, m approximate to 0.2, does not correspond to any known kinetic mechanisms. C1 [Maxim, Florentina; Vilarinho, Paula M.; Ferreira, Paula] Univ Aveiro, CICECO, Dept Ceram & Glass Engn, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. [Reaney, Ian M.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Engn Mat, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. [Levin, Igor] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vilarinho, PM (reprint author), Univ Aveiro, CICECO, Dept Ceram & Glass Engn, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. EM paula.vilarinho@ua.pt RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010; Ferreira, Paula/I-5618-2013 OI Ferreira, Paula/0000-0002-6578-8164 FU European Network of Excellence FAME [FP6-500159-1]; COST [539]; FCT [SFRH/BD/23375/2005] FX The authors acknowledge the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), FEDER, the European Network of Excellence FAME, under the Contract FP6-500159-1 and COST 539, Electroceramics from Nanopowders Produced by Innovative Methods (ELENA). Florentina Maxim is thankful to FCT for the fellowship SFRH/BD/23375/2005. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 EI 1528-7505 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 11 IS 8 BP 3358 EP 3365 DI 10.1021/cg101466u PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 800JU UT WOS:000293356400009 ER PT J AU Zakka-Bajjani, E Nguyen, F Lee, M Vale, LR Simmonds, R Aumentado, J AF Zakka-Bajjani, Eva Nguyen, Francois Lee, Minhyea Vale, Leila R. Simmonds, RaymondW. Aumentado, Jose TI Quantum superposition of a single microwave photon in two different 'colour' states SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY UP-CONVERSION; AMPLIFICATION; CAVITY; RESONATOR; CIRCUITS; QUBITS; NOISE; FIELD AB Fully controlled coherent coupling of arbitrary harmonic oscillators is an important tool for processing quantum information(1). Coupling between quantum harmonic oscillators has previously been demonstrated in several physical systems using a two-level system as a mediating element(2,3). Direct interaction at the quantum level has only recently been realized by means of resonant coupling between trapped ions(4,5). Here we implement a tunable direct coupling between the microwave harmonics of a superconducting resonator by means of parametric frequency conversion(6,7). We accomplish this by coupling the mode currents of two harmonics through a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) and modulating its flux at the difference (similar to 7 GHz) of the harmonic frequencies. We deterministically prepare a single-photon Fock state(8) and coherently manipulate it between multiple modes, effectively controlling it in a superposition of two different 'colours'. This parametric interaction can be described as a beamsplitter-like operation that couples different frequency modes. As such, it could be used to implement linear optical quantum computing protocols(9,10) on-chip(11). C1 [Zakka-Bajjani, Eva; Nguyen, Francois; Vale, Leila R.; Simmonds, RaymondW.; Aumentado, Jose] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lee, Minhyea] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Zakka-Bajjani, E (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway MS817-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM eva.zakka-bajjani@nist.gov; francois.nguyen@nist.gov; jose.aumentado@nist.gov RI Aumentado, Jose/C-2231-2009 OI Aumentado, Jose/0000-0001-5581-1466 NR 31 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 7 IS 8 BP 599 EP 603 DI 10.1038/NPHYS2035 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 800IW UT WOS:000293354000009 ER PT J AU Rutter, GM Jung, SY Klimov, NN Newell, DB Zhitenev, NB Stroscio, JA AF Rutter, Gregory M. Jung, Suyong Klimov, Nikolai N. Newell, David B. Zhitenev, Nikolai B. Stroscio, Joseph A. TI Microscopic polarization in bilayer graphene SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BROKEN-SYMMETRY STATES; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING; TRANSPORT; SYSTEMS; FIELD; GAP AB Bilayer graphene contains, compared to single-layer graphene, additional states related to the symmetry of the layers. These states can lead to the opening of a bandgap, which is highly desirable for device applications. The gap can be either tunable through an external electric field or spontaneously formed through an interaction-induced symmetry breaking. Here, we report scanning tunnelling microscopy measurements that reveal that the microscopic nature of the bilayer gap is very different from what has been observed in previous macroscopic measurements, and from what is expected from current theoretical models. The potential difference between the layers, which is proportional to charge imbalance and determines the gap value, shows a strong dependence on the disorder potential and varies spatially in both magnitude and sign on a microscopic level. Additional interaction-induced effects are observed on applying a magnetic field, as a subgap opens once the zero-orbital Landau level is placed at the Fermi energy. C1 [Rutter, Gregory M.; Jung, Suyong; Klimov, Nikolai N.; Zhitenev, Nikolai B.; Stroscio, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jung, Suyong; Klimov, Nikolai N.] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Klimov, Nikolai N.; Newell, David B.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhitenev, NB (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nikolai.zhitenev@nist.gov; joseph.stroscio@nist.gov RI Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014 NR 39 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 42 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 7 IS 8 BP 649 EP 655 DI 10.1038/NPHYS1988 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 800IW UT WOS:000293354000019 ER PT J AU Han, Y Lupitskyy, R Chou, TM Stafford, CM Du, H Sukhishvili, S AF Han, Yun Lupitskyy, Robert Chou, Tseng-Ming Stafford, Christopher M. Du, Henry Sukhishvili, Svetlana TI Effect of Oxidation on Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Activity of Silver Nanoparticles: A Quantitative Correlation SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EXCITATION SPECTROSCOPY; POLYCRYSTALLINE SILVER; METAL PARTICLES; HIGH-PRESSURE; HOT-SPOTS; MOLECULES; SERS; OXYGEN; CHEMISORPTION; PERCHLORATE AB We quantitatively studied, using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), oxidation of substrate-immobilized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in a wide range of conditions, including exposure to ambient air and controlled ozone environment under UV irradiation, and we correlated the degree of silver oxidation with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement factors (EFs). The SEAS activity of pristine and oxidized Ag NPs was assessed by use of trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (BPE) and sodium thiocynate as, model analytes at the excitation wavelength of 532 nm. Our study showed that the exposure of Ag NPs to parts per million (ppm) level concentrations of ozone led to the formation of Ag2O and orders of magnitude reduction in SEAS EFs. Such an adverse effect was also notable upon exposure of Ag NPs under ambient conditions where ozone existed at parts per billion (ppb) level. The correlated XPS and SERS studies suggested that formation of just a submonolayer of Ag2O was sufficient to decrease markedly the SERS EF of Ag NPs. In addition, studies of changes in plasmon absorption bands pointed to the chemical enhancement as a major reason for deterioration of SERS signals when substrates were pre-exposed to ambient air, and to a combination of changes in chemical and electromagnetic enhancements in the case of substrate pre-exposure to elevated ozone concentrations. Finally, we also found UV irradiation and ozone had a synergistic effect on silver oxidation and thus a detrimental effect on SERS enhancement of Ag NPs and that such oxidation effects were analyte-dependent, as a result of inherent differences in chemical enhancements and molecular binding affinities for various analytes. C1 [Han, Yun; Chou, Tseng-Ming; Du, Henry] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Lupitskyy, Robert; Sukhishvili, Svetlana] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Chem Biol & Biomed Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Du, H (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM hdu@stevens.edu; ssukhish@stevens.edu RI han, yun/F-1588-2011 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [N66001-09-1-2076] FX This research project has been supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency through Grant N66001-09-1-2076. NR 58 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 7 U2 85 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 15 BP 5873 EP 5880 DI 10.1021/ac2005839 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 798ZV UT WOS:000293252500012 PM 21644591 ER PT J AU Tesfagiorgis, K Gebreyohannes, T De Smedt, F Moeyersons, J Hagos, M Nyssen, J Deckers, J AF Tesfagiorgis, Kibrewossen Gebreyohannes, Tesfamichael De Smedt, Florimond Moeyersons, Jan Hagos, Miruts Nyssen, Jan Deckers, Jozef TI Evaluation of groundwater resources in the Geba basin, Ethiopia SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Groundwater modelling; Transmissivity; Geba basin; Ethiopia ID NORTHERN-ETHIOPIA AB This article presents an assessment of the groundwater resources in the Geba basin, Ethiopia. Hydrogeological characteristics are derived from a combination of GIS and field survey data. MODFLOW groundwater model in a PMWIN environment is used to simulate the movement and distribution of groundwater in the basin. Despite the limited data available, by simplifying the model as a single layered semi-confined groundwater system and by optimising the transmissivity of the different lithological units, a realistic description of the groundwater flow is obtained. It is concluded that 30,000 m(3)/day of groundwater can be abstracted from the Geba basin for irrigation in a sustainable way, in locations characterised by shallow groundwater in combination with aquitard-type lithological units. C1 [Tesfagiorgis, Kibrewossen] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Tesfagiorgis, Kibrewossen; Gebreyohannes, Tesfamichael; De Smedt, Florimond] Vrije Univ Brussel, Dept Hydrol & Hydraul Engn, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Gebreyohannes, Tesfamichael; Hagos, Miruts] Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia. [Moeyersons, Jan] Royal Museum Cent Africa, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium. [Nyssen, Jan] Univ Ghent, Dept Geog, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Deckers, Jozef] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Div Land & Water Management, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. RP Tesfagiorgis, K (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST Ctr, T-107 Steinman Hall,140th St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM ktesfagiorgis@gc.cuny.edu RI Nyssen, Jan/B-8280-2009; OI Nyssen, Jan/0000-0002-2666-3860; De Smedt, Florimond/0000-0002-4075-788X NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 10 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1435-9529 J9 B ENG GEOL ENVIRON JI Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 70 IS 3 BP 461 EP 466 DI 10.1007/s10064-010-0338-3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 798EG UT WOS:000293184800011 ER PT J AU Miller, WG Myers, GL Gantzer, ML Kahn, SE Schonbrunner, ER Thienpont, LM Bunk, DM Christenson, RH Eckfeldt, JH Lo, SF Nubling, CM Sturgeon, CM AF Miller, W. Greg Myers, Gary L. Gantzer, Mary Lou Kahn, Stephen E. Schonbrunner, E. Ralf Thienpont, Linda M. Bunk, David M. Christenson, Robert H. Eckfeldt, John H. Lo, Stanley F. Nuebling, C. Micha Sturgeon, Catharine M. TI Roadmap for Harmonization of Clinical Laboratory Measurement Procedures SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; AMERICAN-PATHOLOGISTS SURVEYS; PROFICIENCY TESTING MATERIAL; HUMAN CHORIONIC-GONADOTROPIN; FRESH-FROZEN SERUM; STIMULATING-HORMONE; STANDARDIZATION; IMMUNOASSAYS; TRACEABILITY; CHEMISTRY C1 [Miller, W. Greg] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA. [Myers, Gary L.] AACC, Washington, DC USA. [Gantzer, Mary Lou] Siemens Healthcare Diagnost, Newark, DE USA. [Kahn, Stephen E.] Loyola Univ Hlth Syst, Maywood, IL USA. [Schonbrunner, E. Ralf] Life Technol, Benicia, CA USA. [Thienpont, Linda M.] Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Bunk, David M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Christenson, Robert H.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Eckfeldt, John H.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Lo, Stanley F.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Nuebling, C. Micha] Paul Ehrlich Inst, D-6070 Langen, Germany. [Sturgeon, Catharine M.] Royal Infirm Edinburgh NHS Trust, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Miller, WG (reprint author), POB 980286, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM gmiller@vcu.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 38 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 EI 1530-8561 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 57 IS 8 BP 1108 EP 1117 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2011.164012 PG 10 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 798PN UT WOS:000293222900007 ER PT J AU Williams, GD Andrews, KS Farrer, DA Bargmann, GG Levin, PS AF Williams, Gregory D. Andrews, Kelly S. Farrer, Deborah A. Bargmann, Gregory G. Levin, Phillip S. TI Occurrence and biological characteristics of broadnose sevengill sharks (Notorynchus cepedianus) in Pacific Northwest coastal estuaries SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Broadnose sevengill shark; Length frequency; Estuary; Sex ratio; Maturity ID CRAB CANCER-MAGISTER; SEXUAL SEGREGATION; WILLAPA BAY; WASHINGTON; FISHERIES; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; PREDATORS; MOVEMENTS AB The broadnose sevengill shark (Notorynchus cepedianus) is a high-order marine predator distributed worldwide in shallow coastal waters of temperate seas. Recent reports have suggested it may be a prevalent component of Pacific Northwest coastal estuarine communities, although biological characteristics of the shark population remain undocumented despite growing interest in recreational harvest of the species. Longline sampling was conducted in Willapa Bay and Grays Harbor, Washington, USA seasonally during 2003-2006 to collect sevengill shark size, maturity, and sex ratio data, and establish some baseline catch rate information. Sevengill sharks were collected on 65% of longline sets and catches were composed of subadult and mature individuals (122-283 cm TL) of both sexes. Most male sevengill sharks were large sexually mature adults, based on external clasper calcification levels, whereas most comparably sized females were considered subadults, based on literature-based size-at-maturity estimates. Neonates and young sharks < 120 cm were not collected, nor have they been reported in other historic estuary sampling efforts. Sex ratios were skewed toward males in Willapa Bay and suggest some degree of sexual segregation for the species, as has been shown for populations elsewhere. We suggest sevengill sharks are a largely ignored but potentially important predator in Pacific Northwest estuaries. This study therefore provides some of the first, basic information for guiding management decisions associated with a late-maturing, slow-growing shark species in these coastal habitats. C1 [Williams, Gregory D.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Andrews, Kelly S.; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Farrer, Deborah A.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Marine Fish Program, La Conner, WA 98257 USA. [Bargmann, Gregory G.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Marine Fish Program, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Williams, GD (reprint author), Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM greg.williams@noaa.gov OI Andrews, Kelly/0000-0001-7734-3800 NR 49 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD AUG PY 2011 VL 91 IS 4 BP 379 EP 388 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9797-z PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 799OZ UT WOS:000293297300002 ER PT J AU Wang, JS Hamburg, SP Pryor, DE Chandran, K Daigger, GT AF Wang, James S. Hamburg, Steven P. Pryor, Donald E. Chandran, Kartik Daigger, Glen T. TI Emissions Credits: Opportunity To Promote Integrated Nitrogen Management in the Wastewater Sector SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE GENERATION; NITRIC-OXIDE; N2O AB Relatively little attention has been paid to integrating gaseous N(2)O generated by wastewater treatment into overall reactive nitrogen (Nr) pollution reduction. We propose that there is potential for substantial reductions in N(2)O emissions through the addition of denitrification processes to existing nitrifying wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which are designed to lower ammonia levels but currently do not reduce overall Nr. In addition to providing the benefit of reducing total nitrogen concentrations in the effluent, this kind of WWTP upgrade has been demonstrated to reduce energy consumption and fossil CO(2) emissions. We show that the creation of a greenhouse gas (GHG) crediting system for the wastewater sector could provide a potentially sizable economic incentive on the order of $10 million to $600 million per year in the U.S. for upgrading of nitrifying WWTPs that results in N(2)O reductions, with an ancillary benefit of another $30-100 million per year from electricity savings. Even if biological nitrogen removal (BNR) treatment were mandated by existing and future water quality regulations, a GHG crediting system could still be created to promote BNR design and operation that drive N(2)O emissions below a baseline to even lower levels. In this case GHG credits could offset around 0.5-70% of the operating and maintenance cost for the BNR. C1 [Wang, James S.; Hamburg, Steven P.] Environm Def Fund, New York, NY 10010 USA. [Pryor, Donald E.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Chandran, Kartik] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Daigger, Glen T.] CH2M Hill Inc, Englewood, CO 80112 USA. RP Wang, JS (reprint author), NOAA Air Resources Lab R ARL, 1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM James.Wang@noaa.gov OI Chandran, Kartik/0000-0002-7526-3724 FU Water Environment Research Foundation; National Science Foundation FX We thank Michael Oppenheimer, Joseph Rudek, Ramon Alvarez, Gernot Wagner, Arvin Mosier, and anonymous reviewers for manuscript comments. The Table of Contents Art was drawn by Carol Zuber-Mallison. Kartik Chandran's N2O work was funded by the Water Environment Research Foundation and the National Science Foundation CAREER award. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 15 BP 6239 EP 6246 DI 10.1021/es200419h PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 798IK UT WOS:000293196400009 PM 21744808 ER PT J AU Park, J Kim, SW AF Park, Jungjae Kim, Seung-Woo TI Active Autofocus Control Using Source Dithering Technique Based on Fibre-optic Confocal Principle SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRECISION ENGINEERING AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE Autofocus; Confocal microscopy; Dithering servo control; Single mode fiber coupler; Source modulation ID OPTICAL-FIBER; MICROSCOPE AB A significant process for highly precise measurement in 2-D inspection and 3D surface metrology is accurate and consistent imaging of target being measured. Dithering locking method, one of widely-used focus-locking method, has been only applied to objective modulation type which cause physical influence and image distortion. To overcome this, we have developed an actively locked focus-tracking system based around source dithering technique using fiber-optic confocal principle. Further, the whole measurement system can be simplified through both fiber confocal microscope design with reciprocity and fiber source modulation. It is verified that the proposed focus-tracking system has sub-pm focusing stability and accuracy. By testing focus tracking performance on a LCD panel substrate with a few pm-sized features, the applicability to optical profiler with vision inspection was confirmed. C1 [Park, Jungjae] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Seung-Woo] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RP Park, J (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jungjae.park@nist.gov RI Kim, Seung-Woo/C-1854-2011 FU Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of Korea FX This work was supported by the Creative Research Initiative Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of Korea. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU KOREAN SOC PRECISION ENG PI SEOUL PA RM 306, KWANGMYUNG BLDG, 5-4 NONHYUN-DONG, KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL, 135-010, SOUTH KOREA SN 1229-8557 J9 INT J PRECIS ENG MAN JI Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 12 IS 4 BP 733 EP 736 DI 10.1007/s12541-011-0095-7 PG 4 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 798IG UT WOS:000293195900021 ER PT J AU Renkawitz, MD Sheehan, TF AF Renkawitz, M. D. Sheehan, T. F. TI Feeding ecology of early marine phase Atlantic salmon Salmo salar post-smolts SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diet; feeding habits; near shore; pelagic ecology; Penobscot Bay, Maine; rearing origin ID STANDARD METABOLIC-RATES; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; PREY-SELECTION; BALTIC SEA; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; WILD; FISH; MIGRATION; ENERGY AB Dietary analyses of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar post-smolt stomachs collected from 2001 to 2005 in Penobscot Bay, Maine, U.S.A., have yielded insights into the feeding ecology of early marine phase post-smolts from different rearing origins. Most stomachs contained only one or two prey types, suggesting active prey selection. Post-smolts that lived in the river longer (i.e. from naturally reared and parr-stocked origins) were smaller and consumed more fishes than invertebrates compared to larger post-smolts that emigrated immediately post-stocking (i.e. from smolt-stocked origins). Naturally reared S. salar consumed c. 84% fishes and 16% crustaceans and parr-stocked S. salar consumed 64% fishes and 34% crustaceans. Stocked smolts consumed 48% fishes and 40% crustaceans. Differences in the type and quantity of consumed prey may be indicative of behavioural differences among rearing origins that influence post-smolt survival. Journal of Fish Biology (C) 2011 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles No claim to original US government works C1 [Renkawitz, M. D.; Sheehan, T. F.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Renkawitz, MD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Mark.Renkawitz@noaa.gov NR 69 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 79 IS 2 BP 356 EP 373 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03020.x PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 796TT UT WOS:000293076100003 PM 21781097 ER PT J AU Sheehan, TF Renkawitz, MD Brown, RW AF Sheehan, T. F. Renkawitz, M. D. Brown, R. W. TI Surface trawl survey for U.S. origin Atlantic salmon Salmo salar SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE co-occurring species; early marine dynamics; hatchery contribution; Penobscot Bay; post-smolt ID POST-SMOLT GROWTH; NORTH-SEA AREA; MARINE SURVIVAL; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; MIGRATION; MAINE; RIVER; WILD; L.; POSTSMOLTS AB A surface trawl survey (2001-2005) in Penobscot Bay, Maine, U.S.A., and the nearshore Gulf of Maine waters was conducted to investigate early marine dynamics of a hatchery-dependent Atlantic salmon Salmo salar population from a severely modified river system. Data generated were used to evaluate the effect of stocking location and time on migration success and to describe the migratory pathways and environments that post-smolts traverse. Significant differences in early migration success were detected among different stocking groups, but subsequent marine survival was independent of stocking group. While the post-smolt population was primarily composed of hatchery origin smolt-stocked fish, other life-stage stocking strategies (i.e. parr stocking) represented a higher proportion of the population than previously assumed. Catch distribution suggests evidence of an initial marine migratory pathway out of the dynamic Penobscot Bay environment. The hypothesized benefits of a predator refuge based on the co-occurring species complex is considered minimal for emigrating post-smolts given a mismatch in the size overlap among species and low abundance of other co-occurring diadromous populations. These data can be used to modify current management actions to optimize S. salar recovery and inform future research agendas. Journal of Fish Biology (C) 2011 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles No claim to original US government works C1 [Sheehan, T. F.; Brown, R. W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecosyst Surveys Branch, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Sheehan, TF (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecosyst Surveys Branch, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Tim.Sheehan@noaa.gov NR 70 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 79 IS 2 BP 374 EP 398 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03025.x PG 25 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 796TT UT WOS:000293076100004 PM 21781098 ER PT J AU Liebich, T McCormick, SD Kircheis, D Johnson, K Regal, R Hrabik, T AF Liebich, T. McCormick, S. D. Kircheis, D. Johnson, K. Regal, R. Hrabik, T. TI Water chemistry and its effects on the physiology and survival of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aluminium; ATPase; chloride; DOC; glucose; pH ID EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; SEAWATER TOLERANCE; ACID WATER; MARINE SURVIVAL; RIVER WATER; FRESH-WATER; ALUMINUM; EXPOSURE; TOXICITY; MAINE AB The physiological effects of episodic pH fluctuations on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts in eastern Maine, U.S.A., were investigated. During this study, S. salar smolts were exposed to ambient stream-water chemistry conditions at nine sites in four catchments for 3 and 6 day intervals during the spring S. salar smolt migration period. Plasma chloride, plasma glucose, gill aluminium and gill Na(+)- and K(+)-ATPase levels in S. salar smolts were assessed in relation to ambient stream-water chemistry during this migration period. Changes in both plasma chloride and plasma glucose levels of S. salar smolts were strongly correlated with stream pH, and S. salar smolt mortality occurred in one study site with ambient stream pH between 5.6 and 5.8 during the study period. The findings from this study suggest that physiological effects on S. salar smolts are strongly correlated with stream pH and that in rivers and streams with low dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations the threshold for physiological effects and mortality probably occurs at a higher pH and shorter exposure period than in rivers with higher DOC. Additionally, whenever an acidification event in which pH drops below 5.9 coincides with S. salar smolt migration in eastern Maine rivers, there is potential for a significant reduction in plasma ions of S. salar smolts. Journal of Fish Biology (C) 2011 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles No claim to original US government works C1 [Liebich, T.] USFWS, Izembek Natl Wildlife Refuge, Cold Bay, AK 99571 USA. [McCormick, S. D.] USGS, Silvio O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Kircheis, D.] NOAA Fisheries, Maine Field Stn, Orono, ME 04473 USA. [Johnson, K.] Husson Univ, Dept Chem, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. [Regal, R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Math & Stat, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Hrabik, T.] UMD Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Liebich, T (reprint author), USFWS, Izembek Natl Wildlife Refuge, 1 Izembek St, Cold Bay, AK 99571 USA. EM Trent_Liebich@fws.gov FU U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Fisheries Services Northeast Regional Office and Science Center; U.S. Geological Survey Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center FX We thank M. O'Dea, M. Monette and A. Regish for their help in running physiological assays. We also thank M. Hachey for his assistance with data collection and M. Cooper-man for additional assistance with data analysis. Additionally, we would like to thank U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Fisheries Services Northeast Regional Office and Science Center as well as the U.S. Geological Survey Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center for funding this research, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Green Lake and Craig Brook National Fish Hatcheries for providing juvenile salmon, Maine Department of Marine Resources (formerly Atlantic Salmon Commission) for assisting with site selection, the Downeast Salmon Federation and Dennys Salmon Club for allowing access to their property, and the University of Maine's Sawyer Environmental Chemistry Lab and Senator George J. Mitchell Center for Environmental and Watershed Research for their assistance with water chemistry analyses. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 79 IS 2 BP 502 EP 519 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03046.x PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 796TT UT WOS:000293076100011 PM 21781105 ER PT J AU Millie, DF Fahnenstiel, GL Weckman, GR Klarer, DM Dyble, J Vanderploeg, HA Fishman, DB AF Millie, David F. Fahnenstiel, Gary L. Weckman, Gary R. Klarer, David M. Dyble, Julianne Vanderploeg, Henry A. Fishman, Daniel B. TI AN "ENVIRO-INFORMATIC" ASSESSMENT OF SAGINAW BAY (LAKE HURON, USA) PHYTOPLANKTON: DATA-DRIVEN CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING OF MICROCYSTIS (CYANOPHYTA) SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE harmful algal blooms; Laurentian Great Lakes; nonparametric statistics; phosphorus; toxic cyanobacteria ID MUSSEL DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ZEBRA MUSSELS; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; LOADING REDUCTIONS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; QUAGGA MUSSELS; GREEN-ALGAE; ERIE AB Phytoplankton and Microcystis aeruginosa (Kutz.) Kutz. biovolumes were characterized and modeled, respectively, with regard to hydrological and meteorological variables during zebra mussel invasion in Saginaw Bay (1990-1996). Total phytoplankton and Microcystis biomass within the inner bay were one and one-half and six times greater, respectively, than those of the outer bay. Following mussel invasion, mean total biomass in the inner bay decreased 84% but then returned to its approximate initial value. Microcystis was not present in the bay during 1990 and 1991 and thereafter occurred at/in 52% of sample sites/dates with the greatest biomass occurring in 1994-1996 and within months having water temperatures >19 degrees C. With an overall relative biomass of 0.03 +/- 0.01 (mean + SE), Microcystis had, at best, a marginal impact upon holistic compositional dynamics. Dynamics of the centric diatom Cyclotella ocellata Pant. and large pennate diatoms dominated compositional dissimilarities both inter-and intra-annually. The environmental variables that corresponded with phytoplankton distributions were similar for the inner and outer bays, and together identified physical forcing and biotic utilization of nutrients as determinants of system-level biomass patterns. Nonparametric models explained 70%-85% of the variability in Microcystis biovolumes and identified maximal biomass to occur at total phosphorus (TP) concentrations ranging from 40 to 45 mu g . L(-1). From isometric projections depicting modeled Microcystis/environmental interactions, a TP concentration of <30 mu g . L(-1) was identified as a desirable contemporary "target" for management efforts to ameliorate bloom potentials throughout mussel-impacted bay waters. C1 [Millie, David F.] Univ S Florida, Florida Inst Oceanog, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Millie, David F.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Commiss, Florida Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Fahnenstiel, Gary L.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Weckman, Gary R.] Ohio Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Klarer, David M.] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Huron, OH 44839 USA. [Dyble, Julianne; Vanderploeg, Henry A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Fishman, Daniel B.] BCS Inc, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Millie, DF (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Florida Inst Oceanog, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM david.millie@myfwc.com FU Oceans and Human Health Initiative of NOAA's Office; NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research; Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research; institute of the University of Michigan; NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research FX This work is contribution number 1574 of the NOAA-Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory and a product of the multidisciplinary research programs, Center of Excellence for Great Lakes and Human Health (http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/res/Centers/HumanHealth/) and Managing the Impact of Multiple Stressors in Saginaw Bay (http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/res/projects/multi_stressors/), funded by the Oceans and Human Health Initiative of NOAA's Office of Global Programs, NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research, and the Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, a joint institute of the University of Michigan and NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. Reference to proprietary names is necessary to report factually on available data; however, the University of South Florida, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Ohio University, the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, and the University of Michigan neither guarantee nor warrant the standard of a product and imply no approval of a product to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 87 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 47 IS 4 BP 714 EP 730 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01022.x PG 17 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 797BA UT WOS:000293096000002 PM 27020008 ER PT J AU Crosti, C Duthinh, D Simiu, E AF Crosti, Chiara Duthinh, Dat Simiu, Emil TI Risk Consistency and Synergy in Multihazard Design SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Earthquakes; Moment-resisting connections; Multihazard design; Partially rigid frames; Risk consistency; Seismic design; Steel frames; Wind ID PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE AB Current design procedures in the United States use the envelope of individual hazard demands on a structure to ensure safety against multiple hazards. A difficulty in multihazard design for wind and earthquake is that the load and resistance factor method makes use of different design philosophies developed by different subdisciplines. Seismic design explicitly allows for inelastic behavior. In contrast, wind design assumes that, before application of a resistance factor less than unity, the limit state is defined by the development of the first plastic hinge in a structural member. This paper focuses on the issue of risk consistency in multihazard design, and shows that, in spite of this difficulty, it is possible to quantify the risks of arriving at a particular lateral drift state for structures exposed to multiple nonsimultaneous hazards and to compare them to the risks for the same structures subjected to a single hazard. A second focus is the issue of multihazard design synergy. It has been pointed out that redetailing a building to current seismic codes can increase its resistance to blast and that structural efficiency and life-cycle cost are influenced by multihazard considerations. This paper shows that, for the case study of a 10-story steel-frame building, the use of reduced beam section (RBS) connections, intended to enhance ductility in seismic design, does not reduce the risk of structural damage caused by exposure to wind alone or exposure to wind or earthquakes. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000335. (C) 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Duthinh, Dat] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Crosti, Chiara] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Struct & Geotech Engn, I-00184 Rome, Italy. [Simiu, Emil] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Duthinh, D (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dduthinh@nist.gov RI Crosti, Chiara/H-3490-2011 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 16 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2011 VL 137 IS 8 BP 844 EP 849 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000335 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 798AN UT WOS:000293172600006 ER PT J AU Mayer, TD Naman, SW AF Mayer, Timothy D. Naman, Seth W. TI STREAMFLOW RESPONSE TO CLIMATE AS INFLUENCED BY GEOLOGY AND ELEVATION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE climate change/variability; rivers/streams; Klamath Basin; groundwater hydrology; surface water/groundwater interactions; base-flow index; Upper Klamath Lake ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; RIVER-BASIN; TRENDS; IMPACTS; OREGON; VARIABILITY; CALIFORNIA; SNOWPACK AB This study examines the regional streamflow response in 25 predominately unregulated basins to warmer winter temperatures and snowpack reductions over the last half century in the Klamath Basin of California and Oregon. Geologic controls of streamflow in the region result in two general stream types: surface-dominated and groundwater-dominated basins. Surface-dominated basins were further differentiated into rain basins and snowmelt basins on the basis of elevation and timing of winter runoff. Streamflow characteristics and response to climate vary with stream type, as discussed in the study. Warmer winter temperatures and snowpack reductions have caused significantly earlier runoff peaks in both snowmelt and groundwater basins in the region. In the groundwater basins, the streamflow response to changes in snowpack is smoothed and delayed and the effects are extended longer in the summer. Our results indicate that absolute decreases in July-September base flows are significantly greater, by an order of magnitude, in groundwater basins compared to surface-dominated basins. The declines are important because groundwater basins sustain Upper Klamath Lake inflows and mainstem river flows during the typically dry summers of the area. Upper Klamath Lake April-September net inflows have decreased an estimated 16% or 84 thousand acre-feet (103.6 Mm(3)) since 1961, with the summer months showing proportionately more decline. These changes will exacerbate water supply problems for agriculture and natural resources in the region. C1 [Mayer, Timothy D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Naman, Seth W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Mayer, TD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 911 NE 11th Ave, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM tim_mayer@fws.gov NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 47 IS 4 BP 724 EP 738 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00537.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 796ZO UT WOS:000293092200007 ER PT J AU Schnier, KE Felthoven, RG AF Schnier, Kurt E. Felthoven, Ronald G. TI Accounting for Spatial Heterogeneity and Autocorrelation in Spatial Discrete Choice Models: Implications for Behavioral Predictions SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID MULTINOMIAL PROBIT MODELS; LIONS EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; ENGLAND TRAWL FISHERIES; LOCATION CHOICE; LAND-USE; STATISTICAL PROPERTIES; EMPIRICAL-MODEL; SIMULATION; ELASTICITIES; PREFERENCE AB The random utility model (RUM) is commonly used in the land-use and fishery economics literature. This research investigates the affect that spatial heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation have within the RUM framework using alternative specifications of the multinomial logit, multinomial probit, and spatial multinomial probit models. Using data on the spatial decisions of fishermen, the results illustrate that ignoring spatial heterogeneity in the unobservable portion of the RUM dramatically affects model performance and welfare estimates. Furthermore, accounting for spatial autocorrelation in addition to spatial heterogeneity increases the performance of the RUM. (JEL C35, Q22) C1 [Schnier, Kurt E.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Econ, Andrew Young Sch Policy Studies, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Felthoven, Ronald G.] US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Schnier, KE (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Econ, Andrew Young Sch Policy Studies, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 87 IS 3 BP 382 EP 402 PG 21 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 795RD UT WOS:000292992600003 ER PT J AU McCowan, CN Siewert, TA McColskey, JD Hildebrand, K Olson, DL AF McCowan, C. N. Siewert, T. A. McColskey, J. D. Hildebrand, K. Olson, D. L. TI United States Capitol dome: Characterization of cast and wrought materials SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article DE Cast iron dome; Gray cast iron; Microstructure; Wrought iron; US Capitol dome ID IRON AB Restoration of the cast iron dome at the United States Capitol is needed because moisture is leaking into interior areas of the building due to corrosion damage. Microstructure, composition, and tensile properties of cast and wrought samples from the dome are discussed in this report. The cast iron skin of the dome is a ferrite-pearlite gray iron with strength consistent with the carbon and silicon content. By current compositional and strength requirements the gray iron alloy comes close to meeting requirements for a class 20 gray iron. The microstructure shows good morphology and distribution of Types A and B graphite flakes that are appropriate for the intended service of the castings. In 20-20 hindsight, the decisions made concerning the composition of the iron, and the details of the molding and casting conditions were all quite good. Fatigue data indicate that good performance should be expected to continue for the dome for many years to come. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [McCowan, C. N.; Siewert, T. A.; McColskey, J. D.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hildebrand, K.] US Capitol, Off Architect, Washington, DC USA. [Olson, D. L.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Mat & Met Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP McCowan, CN (reprint author), NIST, Div 853, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mccowan@boulder.nist.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-5803 J9 MATER CHARACT JI Mater. Charact. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 62 IS 8 BP 807 EP 816 DI 10.1016/j.matchar.2011.05.002 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 799WO UT WOS:000293317100011 ER PT J AU Yin, JJ Overpeck, JT Griffies, SM Hu, AX Russell, JL Stouffer, RJ AF Yin, Jianjun Overpeck, Jonathan T. Griffies, Stephen M. Hu, Aixue Russell, Joellen L. Stouffer, Ronald J. TI Different magnitudes of projected subsurface ocean warming around Greenland and Antarctica SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; SEA-LEVEL RISE; ICE-SHEET; CIRCULATION; GLACIERS; WATERS; CO2 AB The observed acceleration of outlet glaciers and ice flows in Greenland and Antarctica is closely linked to ocean warming, especially in the subsurface layer(1-5). Accurate projections of ice-sheet dynamics and global sea-level rise therefore require information of future ocean warming in the vicinity of the large ice sheets. Here we use a set of 19 state-of-the-art climate models to quantify this ocean warming in the next two centuries. We find that in response to a mid-range increase in atmospheric greenhouse-gas concentrations, the subsurface oceans surrounding the two polar ice sheets at depths of 200-500m warm substantially compared with the observed changes thus far(6-8). Model projections suggest that over the course of the twenty-first century, the maximum ocean warming around Greenland will be almost double the global mean, with a magnitude of 1.7-2.0 degrees C. By contrast, ocean warming around Antarctica will be only about half as large as global mean warming, with a magnitude of 0.5-0.6 degrees C. A more detailed evaluation indicates that ocean warming is controlled by different mechanisms around Greenland and Antarctica. We conclude that projected subsurface ocean warming could drive significant increases in ice-mass loss, and heighten the risk of future large sea-level rise. C1 [Yin, Jianjun; Overpeck, Jonathan T.; Russell, Joellen L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Griffies, Stephen M.; Stouffer, Ronald J.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Hu, Aixue] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Yin, JJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, 1040 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM yin@email.arizona.edu RI Hu, Aixue/E-1063-2013; OI Hu, Aixue/0000-0002-1337-287X; Russell, Joellen/0000-0001-9937-6056 NR 30 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 28 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 4 IS 8 BP 524 EP 528 DI 10.1038/NGEO1189 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 799HJ UT WOS:000293277100013 ER PT J AU Prasad, MBK Long, W Zhang, XS Wood, RJ Murtugudde, R AF Prasad, M. Bala Krishna Long, Wen Zhang, Xinsheng Wood, Robert J. Murtugudde, Raghu TI Predicting dissolved oxygen in the Chesapeake Bay: applications and implications SO AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Dissolved oxygen; Dissolved nutrients; Multi-regression equation; Long-term variability; Chesapeake Bay ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; ANTHROPOGENIC NITROGEN ENRICHMENT; BAYESIAN HIERARCHICAL MODEL; BOTTOM-WATER HYPOXIA; EUTROPHIC ESTUARY; ORGANIC-MATTER; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; HISTORICAL TRENDS; ANOXIC EVENTS; WAQUOIT BAY AB Eutrophic depletion of dissolved oxygen (DO) and its consequences for ecosystem dynamics have been a central theme of research, assessment and management policies for several decades in the Chesapeake Bay. Ongoing forecast efforts predict the extent of the summer hypoxic/anoxic area due to nutrient loads from the watershed. However, these models neither predict DO levels nor address the intricate interactions among various ecological processes. The prediction of spatially explicit DO levels in the Chesapeake Bay can eventually lead to a reliable depiction of the comprehensive ecological structure and functioning, and can also allow the quantification of the role of nutrient reduction strategies in water quality management. In this paper, we describe a three dimensional empirical model to predict DO levels in the Chesapeake Bay as a function of water temperature, salinity and dissolved nutrient concentrations (TDN and TDP). The residual analysis shows that predicted DO values compare well with observations. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and root mean square error-observations standard deviation ratio (RSR) are used to evaluate the performance of the empirical model; the scores demonstrate the usability of model predictions (NSE, surface layer = 0.82-0.86; middle layer = 0.65-0.82; bottom layer = 0.70-0.82; RSR surface layer = 0.37-0.44; middle layer = 0.43-0.58 and bottom layer = 0.43-0.54). The predicted DO values and other physical outputs from downscaling of regional weather and climate predictions, or forecasts from hydrodynamic models, can be used to forecast various ecological components. Such forecasts would be useful for both recreational and commercial users of the Chesapeake Bay. C1 [Prasad, M. Bala Krishna; Murtugudde, Raghu] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Long, Wen] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Zhang, Xinsheng; Wood, Robert J.] NOAA, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. RP Prasad, MBK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM mbkp@umd.edu FU NOAA FX We greatly acknowledge NOAA for supporting this work. The study that we present could not have been possible without the help of people from DNR and other PIs who have gathered the data over the years, which is entirely responsible for any value this research may hold. RM is also grateful to the Divecha Center for Climate Change and CAOS at IISc, Bangalore for their generous support and hospitality. We acknowledge Dr. Sujay Kaushal and anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. NR 88 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 33 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-1621 EI 1420-9055 J9 AQUAT SCI JI Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 73 IS 3 BP 437 EP 451 DI 10.1007/s00027-011-0191-x PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 795JM UT WOS:000292970500010 ER PT J AU Schichtel, BA Pitchford, ML White, WH AF Schichtel, Bret A. Pitchford, Marc L. White, Warren H. TI Comments on "Impact of California's Air Pollution Laws on Black Carbon and their Implications for Direct Radiative Forcing" by R. Bahadur et al. SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Light absorbing carbon; Long-term trends ID UNITED-STATES; TRENDS; VISIBILITY; MATTER AB Using data from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) program, Bahadur et al. (2011) report that average fine particulate light absorbing carbon (LAC) concentrations in California decreased by about 50% from 0.46 mu g m(-3) in 1989 to 0.24 mu g m(-3) in 2008. They attribute most of the LAC decline in California to reductions in the state's diesel emissions. These findings are encouraging, but in this comment we call attention to a significant methodological issue that can arise in any long-term trends analysis using IMPROVE data. In the Bahadur et al. analysis, LAC data from eighteen remote monitoring sites were aggregated with data from three urban sites that only operated for 1-8 years. The large absolute decrease of 0.22 mu g m(-3) they reported in the statewide California average was largely driven by one urban site, South Lake Tahoe (Tahoe), which was dropped from the network in mid-1997. LAC concentrations at Tahoe were an order of magnitude higher than those at nearby Bliss State Park indicative of large local source contributions. The exclusion of the three locally influenced urban sites substantially reduces the magnitude of the decreasing LAC trends shown in Bahadur et al., though this does not necessarily invalidate the paper's conclusion that LAC is broadly decreasing and diesel emission controls are likely to be responsible for part of this decrease. Control of emissions from wood-burning stoves may also have contributed to decreases in LAC and other particulate compounds; like diesel emission controls, this too is an important regulatory success. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schichtel, Bret A.] CSU CIRA, Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pitchford, Marc L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [White, Warren H.] Univ Calif Davis, Crocker Nucl Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Schichtel, BA (reprint author), CSU CIRA, Natl Pk Serv, Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Schichtel@cira.colostate.edu OI White, Warren H/0000-0001-7323-7867 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 45 IS 24 BP 4116 EP 4118 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.04.042 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 796IU UT WOS:000293045800024 ER PT J AU Maranto, CJ Parrish, JK Herman, DP Punt, AE Olden, JD Brett, MT Roby, DD AF Maranto, Christina J. Parrish, Julia K. Herman, David P. Punt, Andre E. Olden, Julian D. Brett, Michael T. Roby, Daniel D. TI Use of Fatty Acid Analysis to Determine Dispersal of Caspian Terns in the Columbia River Basin, U.S.A. SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avian predator; dispersal; fatty acid; Hydroprogne caspia; salmon ID SOURCE-SINK DYNAMICS; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; TROPHIC ECOLOGY; STABLE-ISOTOPE; DIET; SEABIRD; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; SIGNATURES; PREDATORS AB Lethal control, which has been used to reduce local abundances of animals in conflict with humans or with endangered species, may not achieve management goals if animal movement is not considered. In populations with emigration and immigration, lethal control may induce compensatory immigration, if the source of attraction remains unchanged. Within the Columbia River Basin (Washington, U. S. A.), avian predators forage at dams because dams tend to reduce rates of emigration of juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.), artificially concentrating these prey. We used differences in fatty acid profiles between Caspian Terns (Hydroprogne caspia) at coastal and inland breeding colonies and terns culled by a lethal control program at a mid-Columbia River dam to infer dispersal patterns. We modeled the rate of loss of fatty acid biomarkers, which are fatty acids that can be traced to a single prey species or groups of species, to infer whether and when terns foraging at dams had emigrated from the coast. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling showed that coastal terns had high levels of C(20) and C(22) monounsaturated fatty acids, whereas fatty acids of inland breeders were high in C18:3n3, C20:4n6, and C22:5n3. Models of the rate of loss of fatty acid showed that approximately 60% of the terns collected at Rock Island Dam were unlikely to have bred successfully at local (inland) sites, suggesting that terns foraging at dams come from an extensive area. Fatty acid biomarkers may provide accurate information about patterns of dispersal in animal populations and may be extremely valuable in cases where populations differ demonstrably in prey base. C1 [Maranto, Christina J.; Parrish, Julia K.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Parrish, Julia K.; Punt, Andre E.; Olden, Julian D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Herman, David P.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Brett, Michael T.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Roby, Daniel D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Maranto, CJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM cmaranto@uw.edu RI Olden, Julian/A-8535-2010; OI Olden, Julian/0000-0003-2143-1187; Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 FU Chelan County Public Utility District FX Work was performed under University of Washington Institutional Animal Care Use Committee protocol (2994-08) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service collection permits (MB0-086121 and MB 827457-0). Funding was provided by a contract from Chelan County Public Utility District to J.K.P. We thank E. Donelan, M. Krahn, D. Brown, C. Sloan, R. Boyer, and R. Pearce for help with project implementation. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 25 IS 4 BP 736 EP 746 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01706.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 794NT UT WOS:000292907500010 PM 21771078 ER PT J AU Stewart, KR Dutton, PH AF Stewart, Kelly R. Dutton, Peter H. TI Paternal genotype reconstruction reveals multiple paternity and sex ratios in a breeding population of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Leatherback; Multiple paternity; St. Croix; Mating; Hatchlings; Sea turtle ID EXTRA-PAIR PATERNITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MARINE TURTLES; SPERM STORAGE; INCUBATION TEMPERATURES; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; MATING-BEHAVIOR; CHELONIA-MYDAS; HIGH-FREQUENCY AB When animals are difficult to observe while breeding, insights into the mating system may be gained by using molecular techniques. Patterns of extra-pair copulation, multiple paternity and parental genotype analysis may elucidate population characteristics that help improve knowledge of life history while informing management decisions. During the course of a long-term study of leatherback turtles, we assessed the level of multiple paternity in successive clutches for 12 known females nesting at Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge (St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands). We used seven polymorphic microsatellite markers to genotype the females and 1,019 hatchlings representing 38 nests (3-4 clutches from each female). Using deductive genotype reconstruction and GERUD1.0, we identified the 12 mothers and 17 different fathers that were responsible for 38 nests. We found that seven females (58.3%) showed no evidence of multiple paternity in their clutches, while five females (41.7%) had mated with two males each. There was evidence of two fathers (polyandry) in successive clutches for these five females. Multiple fathers didn't contribute to clutches equally. For clutches laid by an individual female, the primary father was responsible for 53.7 to 85.9% of the hatchlings. We demonstrate the feasibility of using male genotype reconstruction to characterize the male component of this breeding population and to assess operational sex ratios for breeding sea turtles. C1 [Stewart, Kelly R.; Dutton, Peter H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Stewart, KR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 3333 N Torrey Pines Ct, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Kelly.Stewart@noaa.gov FU Claudia Lombard and Mike Evans of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service at Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge; SWFSC; Southwest Fisheries Science Center; Cottages by the Sea FX This work was conducted under U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Special Use Permit #41526-2009-006. We gratefully acknowledge the support and enthusiasm for this project from Claudia Lombard and Mike Evans of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service at Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge. We are indebted to Jeanne and Steve Garner of the West Indies Marine Animal Research and Conservation Service (WIMARCS), along with their staff for monitoring and identifying all nesting females and marking nests during the nesting season. We could not have done this project without their help with field logistics. For field assistance in hatchling collection and sampling we would like to thank Erin LaCasella, Suzanne Roden, Amy Frey, Justin Perrault, Emily Weiss, Amy Semple, Jeremy Smith, Cristin and Roland Gendron, Damon LaCasella, Amy Jue, Tomo Eguchi, and Diana, Emma and Donna Dutton. For assistance at SWFSC (La Jolla) we thank Amy Jue, Amanda Bowman, Vicki Pease, Roy Allen and Tomo Eguchi. John Hyde, Phil Morin, Robin LeRoux and William Perrin of SWFSC provided comments on the draft that improved the quality of the manuscript. Funding was provided by SWFSC. Grant Long of Port Plastics, San Diego, donated essential sampling supplies. This research was performed while the author (krs) held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center. We could not have done this project without tremendous support from Cottages by the Sea (especially Paul Benedict), and Armstrong's Homemade Ice Cream in Frederiksted had a role to play in our successful field season in 2009. In addition, we sincerely thank the two anonymous reviewers of the paper, as well as our handling editor. NR 73 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 12 IS 4 BP 1101 EP 1113 DI 10.1007/s10592-011-0212-2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 794FL UT WOS:000292880800020 ER PT J AU Maitland, CF Buckley, CE O'Connor, BH Butler, PD Hart, RD AF Maitland, C. F. Buckley, C. E. O'Connor, B. H. Butler, P. D. Hart, R. D. TI Characterization of the pore structure of metakaolin-derived geopolymers by neutron scattering and electron microscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-SILICATE ACTIVATION; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; MICROSTRUCTURE; COMPOSITES; SYSTEM AB The pore-solid structure of selected high-compressive-strength metakaolin geopolymers has been characterized to facilitate quantitative prediction of their physical properties. Geopolymers are multiphase materials with pore widths ranging from subnanometre to several tenths of a millimetre. Ultramicrotoming of resin-embedded grains was found to be an effective method for producing electron-transparent sections. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed the existence of a bi-level pore system and heterogeneity of the pore morphology. Ultra-small-angle neutron scattering, of sufficiently thin specimens, was found to be useful in detecting the length scales on which statistically significant structural changes occur as the geopolymer chemical composition is varied. Contrast variation experiments confirmed that the small-angle neutron scattering from an Si:Al:Na = 2.5:1:1.2 geopolymer before and after dehydration was dominated by scattering from pores. These experiments suggested the presence of closed (under current experimental conditions) pores in the dehydrated geopolymer. A three-phase analysis was developed for this system, and the scattering of the solid, open pore and closed pore phases was determined as a function of scattering length density rho. The scattering from all three phases had the same q dependence over the range of likely rho within the uncertainties. A lower limit of 4.21 (6) x 10(10) cm(-2) was determined for the scattering length density rho(w) of the nondehydrated geopolymer by assuming the pore fluid to be water. This scattering length density is significantly higher than the expected value of approximately 3.4 x 10(10) cm(-2). Small-angle neutron scattering from the dehydrated and nondehydrated Si:Al:Na = 2.5:1:1.2 geopolymer showed that dehydration does not cause a severe change in morphology of the nanoporosity on the length scale probed. C1 [Maitland, C. F.; Buckley, C. E.; O'Connor, B. H.; Hart, R. D.] Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Imaging & Appl Phys, Ctr Mat Res, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Butler, P. D.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Buckley, CE (reprint author), Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Imaging & Appl Phys, Ctr Mat Res, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. EM c.buckley@curtin.edu.au RI Buckley, Craig/B-6753-2013; Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 OI Buckley, Craig/0000-0002-3075-1863; FU Australian government; Australian Institute for Nuclear Science and Engineering; Centre for Sustainable Resource FX CFM thanks the Australian government for an Australian Postgraduate Award, the Australian Institute for Nuclear Science and Engineering for a Postgraduate Research Award, and the Centre for Sustainable Resource Processing for a Postgraduate Research Scholarship. The authors acknowledge the facilities and the scientific and technical assistance of the Australian Microscopy & Microanalysis Research Facility at the Centre for Microscopy, Characterization and Analysis (CMCA), The University of Western Australia, a facility funded by the university, state and Commonwealth governments. We thank John Murphy of CMCA for ultra-microtoming of the geopolymer specimens. We acknowledge Joan Connolly whilst at Curtin University for initiating the USANS investigation and Matthew Rowles for production of several geopolymers. Elliot Gilbert and Jamie Schulz of the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization are thanked for their assistance with the SANS experiments. We thank Salvino Ciccariello and an anonymous referee for suggestions regarding the three-phase analysis. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 44 BP 697 EP 707 DI 10.1107/S0021889811021078 PN 4 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 794SV UT WOS:000292922500005 ER PT J AU Mullen, K Levin, I AF Mullen, Katharine Levin, Igor TI Mitigation of errors in pair distribution function analysis of nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING AB Information on the size and structure of nanoparticles can be obtained via analysis of the atomic pair distribution function (PDF), which is calculated as the Fourier transform of X-ray/neutron total scattering. The structural parameters are commonly extracted by fitting a model PDF calculated from atomic coordinates to the experimental data. This paper discusses procedures for minimizing systematic errors in PDF calculations for nanoparticles and also considers the effects of noise due to counting statistics in total scattering data used to obtain the PDF. The results presented here demonstrate that smoothing of statistical noise in reciprocal-space data can improve the precision of parameter estimates obtained from PDF analysis, facilitating identification of the correct model (from multiple plausible choices) from real-space PDF fits. C1 [Mullen, Katharine; Levin, Igor] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mullen, K (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, 100 Bur Dr,M-S 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM katharine.mullen@nist.gov RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 44 BP 788 EP 797 DI 10.1107/S0021889811014749 PN 4 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 794SV UT WOS:000292922500015 ER PT J AU Benson, JD Chicone, CC Critser, JK AF Benson, James D. Chicone, Carmen C. Critser, John K. TI A general model for the dynamics of cell volume, global stability, and optimal control SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cellular mass transport; Optimization; Stability; Cryobiology; Sufficiency theorem ID MEMBRANE-PERMEABILITY; SYSTEMS AB Cell volume and concentration regulation in the presence of changing extracellular environments has been studied for centuries, and recently a general nondimensional model was introduced that encompassed solute and solvent transmembrane flux for a wide variety of solutes and flux mechanisms. Moreover, in many biological applications it is of considerable interest to understand optimal controls for both volume and solute concentrations. Here we examine a natural extension of this general model to an arbitrary number of solutes or solute pathways, show that this system is globally asymptotically stable and controllable, define necessary conditions for time-optimal controls in the arbitrary-solute case, and using a theorem of Boltyanski prove sufficient conditions for these controls in the commonly encountered two-solute case. C1 [Benson, James D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chicone, Carmen C.] Univ Missouri, Dept Math, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Critser, John K.] Univ Missouri, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Columbia, MO USA. RP Benson, JD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM james.benson@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU University of Missouri; NSF [NSF/DMS-0604331]; NIH [U42 RR14821, 1RL 1HD058293]; National Institute of Standards and Technology National Research Council FX Funding for this research was provided by the University of Missouri, NSF grant NSF/DMS-0604331 (C. Chicone PI), NIH grants U42 RR14821 and 1RL 1HD058293 (J.K. Critser PI), and the National Institute of Standards and Technology National Research Council postdoctoral associateship. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0303-6812 J9 J MATH BIOL JI J. Math. Biol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 63 IS 2 BP 339 EP 359 DI 10.1007/s00285-010-0374-4 PG 21 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 794IT UT WOS:000292889600006 PM 21063873 ER PT J AU Levine, J AF Levine, Judah TI Timing in telecommunications networks SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID TIME SYNCHRONIZATION; COMPUTER AB I describe the statistical considerations used to design systems whose clocks are compared by the use of dial-up telephone lines or the Internet to exchange timing information. The comparison is usually used to synchronize the time of a client system to the time of a server, which is, in turn, synchronized to the time scale of a national timing laboratory. The design includes a dynamic estimate of the system performance and a comparison between the performance and a parameter that specifies the required stability based on external considerations. The algorithm adjusts the polling interval and other parameters of the algorithm to realize the specified performance at minimal cost, where the cost is taken to be proportional to the inverse of the interval between message exchanges using either the Internet or dial-up telephone calls. C1 [Levine, Judah] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Levine, Judah] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Levine, Judah] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Levine, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD AUG PY 2011 VL 48 IS 4 BP S203 EP S212 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/48/4/S12 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 794QN UT WOS:000292916000013 ER PT J AU Fisher, BM Abdurashitov, JN Coakley, KJ Gavrin, VN Gilliam, DM Nico, JS Shikhin, AA Thompson, AK Vecchia, DF Yants, VE AF Fisher, B. M. Abdurashitov, J. N. Coakley, K. J. Gavrin, V. N. Gilliam, D. M. Nico, J. S. Shikhin, A. A. Thompson, A. K. Vecchia, D. F. Yants, V. E. TI Fast neutron detection with Li-6-loaded liquid scintillator SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Capture-gated detection; Fast neutron; Lithium-6; Neutron detection ID PULSE-SHAPE DISCRIMINATION; DOUBLE-BETA-DECAY; DARK-MATTER; SPECTROMETER; IDENTIFICATION; GE-76 AB We report on the development of a fast neutron detector using a liquid scintillator doped with enriched Li-6. The lithium was introduced in the form of an aqueous LiCl micro-emulsion with a di-isopropyl-naphthalene-based liquid scintillator. A Li-6 concentration of 0.15% by weight was obtained. A 125 mL glass cell was filled with the scintillator and irradiated with fission-source neutrons. Fast neutrons may produce recoil protons in the scintillator, and those neutrons that thermalize within the detector volume can be captured on the Li-6. The energy of the neutron may be determined by the light output from recoiling protons, and the capture of the delayed thermal neutron reduces background events. In this paper, we discuss the development of this Li-6-loaded liquid scintillator, demonstrate the operation of it in a detector, and compare its efficiency and capture lifetime with Monte Carlo simulations. Data from a boron-loaded plastic scintillator were acquired for comparison. We also present a pulse-shape discrimination method for differentiating between electronic and nuclear recoil events based on the Matusita distance between a normalized observed waveform and nuclear and electronic recoil template waveforms. The details of the measurements are discussed along with specifics of the data analysis and its comparison with the Monte Carlo simulation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fisher, B. M.; Gilliam, D. M.; Nico, J. S.; Thompson, A. K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Abdurashitov, J. N.; Gavrin, V. N.; Shikhin, A. A.; Yants, V. E.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. [Coakley, K. J.; Vecchia, D. F.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Nico, JS (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.fisher@jhuapl.edu; jnico@nist.gov RI Abdurashitov, Dzhonrid/B-2206-2014; Yants, Viktor/C-1038-2014 OI Abdurashitov, Dzhonrid/0000-0002-1577-1364; FU American Civil Research and Development Foundation [RP2-2277] FX We thank C. Bass and C. Heimbach of NIST and ET Beise, H. Breuer and T. Langford of the University of Maryland for useful discussions. This work was supported in part by the American Civil Research and Development Foundation, Grant no. RP2-2277. NR 54 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 646 IS 1 BP 126 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2011.04.019 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 792AP UT WOS:000292713200013 ER PT J AU White, JW Samhouri, JF AF White, J. Wilson Samhouri, Jameal F. TI Oceanographic coupling across three trophic levels shapes source-sink dynamics in marine metacommunities SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF FISH; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; DENSITY-DEPENDENT MORTALITY; LEE-STOCKING ISLAND; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; INTERACTION STRENGTH; UPWELLING GRADIENT; PLANKTIVOROUS FISH; NURSERY HABITATS; WATER-FLOW AB A central goal of metapopulation ecology is to determine which subpopulations have the greatest value to the larger metapopulation. That is, where are the 'sources' that are most essential to persistence? This question is especially relevant to benthic marine systems, where dispersal and recruitment are greatly affected by oceanographic processes. In a single-species context, theoretical models typically identify 'hotspots' with high recruitment, especially high self-recruitment, as having the highest value. However, the oceanographic forces affecting larval delivery of a given species may also influence the recruitment of that species' predators, prey, and competitors. We present evidence from the Virgin Islands and Bahamas that oceanographic forces produce spatial coupling between the recruitment of planktivorous fishes, the recruitment of their predators, and the productivity of their zooplankton prey. We examined the consequences of this type of multi-trophic coupling using a simple analytical population model and a multispecies numerical simulation model with parameter values based on the Virgin Islands system. In both analyses, strong coupling caused planktivores at the highest recruitment sites to experience higher mortality (a consequence of higher predator densities) but faster growth and higher fecundity (a consequence of higher zooplankton densities) than planktivores at low recruitment sites. As such, the relative strength of oceanographic coupling between the three trophic levels strongly determined whether a particular reef acted as a source or sink. In the simulation model, density-dependent competition for zooplankton limited overall metapopulation biomass more severely than predation, so oceanographic coupling between planktivore larval supply and zooplankton productivity had a stronger effect on the metapopulation value of a patch. We argue that the potential for such tri-trophic coupling should be incorporated into future metacommunity models and has considerable implications for the design and evaluation of marine reserves. C1 [White, J. Wilson] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Samhouri, Jameal F.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Portland, OR 97202 USA. [Samhouri, Jameal F.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP White, JW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, 601 S Coll Rd, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM whitejw@uncw.edu FU NSF OCE [0222087] FX Discussions with J. Leichter, R. Warner, R. Vance and P. Munday were valuable in motivating this work. K. Hanson, K. Nickols and A. Stier provided insightful comments on the manuscript. This is a contribution from the Bodega Marine Laboratory, Univ. of California, Davis. JFS gratefully acknowledges support from NSF OCE 0222087. NR 66 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD AUG PY 2011 VL 120 IS 8 BP 1151 EP 1164 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.19226.x PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 795GM UT WOS:000292962200004 ER PT J AU Lyons, ET Spraker, TR De Long, RL Ionita, M Melin, SR Nadler, SA Tolliver, SC AF Lyons, Eugene T. Spraker, Terry R. De Long, Robert L. Ionita, Mariana Melin, Sharon R. Nadler, Steven A. Tolliver, Sharon C. TI Review of research on hookworms (Uncinaria lucasi Stiles, 1901) in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus Linnaeus, 1758) SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID ST-PAUL ISLAND; LION ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; SAN-MIGUEL ISLAND; OTARIID PINNIPEDS; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; LIFE CYCLE; PUPS; ALASKA; NEMATODA; ANCYLOSTOMATIDAE AB The objective of this article is to review knowledge on the hookworm Uncinaria lucasi Stiles, 1901 in northern fur seals, Callorhinus ursinus Linnaeus, 1758. Emphasis is placed on research on this host-parasite system in the Pribilof Islands, AK, USA where the bulk of the studies has been performed. C1 [Lyons, Eugene T.; Tolliver, Sharon C.] Univ Kentucky, Gluck Equine Res Ctr, Dept Vet Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Spraker, Terry R.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [De Long, Robert L.; Melin, Sharon R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ionita, Mariana] Fac Vet Med Bucharest, Dept Parasitol & Parasit Dis & Anim Biol, Bucharest 050097, Romania. [Nadler, Steven A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nematol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lyons, ET (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Gluck Equine Res Ctr, Dept Vet Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM elyons1@uky.edu NR 74 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 109 IS 2 BP 257 EP 265 DI 10.1007/s00436-011-2420-6 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 794WN UT WOS:000292932100001 PM 21537983 ER PT J AU Xu, Q AF Xu, Qin TI Measuring information content from observations for data assimilation: spectral formulations and their implications to observational data compression SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ERROR COVARIANCES AB The previous singular-value formulations for measuring information content from observations are transformed into spectral forms in the wavenumber space for univariate analyses of uniformly distributed observations. The transformed spectral formulations exhibit the following advantages over their counterpart singular-value formulations: (i) The information contents from densely distributed observations can be calculated very efficiently even if the background and observation space dimensions become both too large to compute by using the singular-value formulations. (ii) The information contents and their asymptotic properties can be analysed explicitly for each wavenumber. (iii) Super-observations can be not only constructed by a truncated spectral expansion of the original observations with zero or minimum loss of information but also explicitly related to the original observations in the physical space. The spectral formulations reveal that (i) uniformly thinning densely distributed observations will always cause a loss of information and (ii) compressing densely distributed observations into properly coarsened super-observations by local averaging may cause no loss of information under certain circumstances. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM Qin.Xu@noaa.gov FU ONR [N000140410312, N000141010778] FX The author is thankful to the anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions that improved the presentation of the results. The research work was supported by the ONR Grants N000140410312 and N000141010778 to CIMMS, the University of Oklahoma. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 63 IS 4 BP 793 EP 804 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2011.00524.x PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 793ZZ UT WOS:000292864500011 ER PT J AU Saidi, KS Teizer, J Franaszek, M Lytle, AM AF Saidi, Kamel S. Teizer, Jochen Franaszek, Marek Lytle, Alan M. TI Static and dynamic performance evaluation of a commercially-available ultra wideband tracking system SO AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION LA English DT Article DE Construction; Ultra wideband; UWB; RFID; Wireless; Real-time; Localization; Tracking; Resource allocation; Monitoring; Safety; Productivity ID POSITIONING SYSTEM; DIFFERENCE AB Locating and tracking resources (e.g., people, equipment, and materials) is critical in many industrial applications for monitoring productivity and safety. In construction, various technologies (e.g., global positioning systems (GPS), radio frequency identification (RFID) and radio frequency (RF) localization) have been proposed. However, the performance of these types of technologies is not well understood for this particular application. This paper presents a study for evaluating the static and dynamic performance of a commercially-available ultra wideband (UWB) tracking system in free space and under realistic construction environments. In addition, a static performance model for estimating position error as a function of receiver position and initial calibration error was also developed. Results and experiences are in particular useful for researchers or practitioners in need for adapting UWB technology for their application. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Teizer, Jochen] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Saidi, Kamel S.; Franaszek, Marek; Lytle, Alan M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Teizer, J (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 790 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM kamel.saidi@nist.gov; teizer@gatech.edu; marek.franaszek@nist.gov; alan.lytle@nist.gov NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-5805 J9 AUTOMAT CONSTR JI Autom. Constr. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 20 IS 5 BP 519 EP 530 DI 10.1016/j.autcon.2010.11.018 PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 790XM UT WOS:000292624100003 ER PT J AU Svensson, G Holtslag, AAM Kumar, V Mauritsen, T Steeneveld, GJ Angevine, WM Bazile, E Beljaars, A de Bruijn, EIF Cheng, A Conangla, L Cuxart, J Ek, M Falk, MJ Freedman, F Kitagawa, H Larson, VE Lock, A Mailhot, J Masson, V Park, S Pleim, J Soderberg, S Weng, W Zampieri, M AF Svensson, G. Holtslag, A. A. M. Kumar, V. Mauritsen, T. Steeneveld, G. J. Angevine, W. M. Bazile, E. Beljaars, A. de Bruijn, E. I. F. Cheng, A. Conangla, L. Cuxart, J. Ek, M. Falk, M. J. Freedman, F. Kitagawa, H. Larson, V. E. Lock, A. Mailhot, J. Masson, V. Park, S. Pleim, J. Soderberg, S. Weng, W. Zampieri, M. TI Evaluation of the Diurnal Cycle in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over Land as Represented by a Variety of Single-Column Models: The Second GABLS Experiment SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diurnal cycle; GABLS; Model intercomparison; Single-column models; Turbulence parametrizations ID TURBULENCE CLOSURE SCHEME; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; PART I; CONTRASTING NIGHTS; MORNING TRANSITION; PARAMETERIZATION; MESOSCALE; CASES-99; SURFACE; SYSTEM AB We present the main results from the second model intercomparison within the GEWEX (Global Energy and Water cycle EXperiment) Atmospheric Boundary Layer Study (GABLS). The target is to examine the diurnal cycle over land in today's numerical weather prediction and climate models for operational and research purposes. The set-up of the case is based on observations taken during the Cooperative Atmosphere-Surface Exchange Study-1999 (CASES-99), which was held in Kansas, USA in the early autumn with a strong diurnal cycle with no clouds present. The models are forced with a constant geostrophic wind, prescribed surface temperature and large-scale divergence. Results from 30 different model simulations and one large-eddy simulation (LES) are analyzed and compared with observations. Even though the surface temperature is prescribed, the models give variable near-surface air temperatures. This, in turn, gives rise to differences in low-level stability affecting the turbulence and the turbulent heat fluxes. The increase in modelled upward sensible heat flux during the morning transition is typically too weak and the growth of the convective boundary layer before noon is too slow. This is related to weak modelled near-surface winds during the morning hours. The agreement between the models, the LES and observations is the best during the late afternoon. From this intercomparison study, we find that modelling the diurnal cycle is still a big challenge. For the convective part of the diurnal cycle, some of the first-order schemes perform somewhat better while the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) schemes tend to be slightly better during nighttime conditions. Finer vertical resolution tends to improve results to some extent, but is certainly not the solution to all the deficiencies identified. C1 [Svensson, G.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Holtslag, A. A. M.; Steeneveld, G. J.] Wageningen Univ, Meteorol & Air Qual Sect, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Kumar, V.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Mauritsen, T.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Angevine, W. M.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Angevine, W. M.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Bazile, E.; Masson, V.] Meteo France, GAME, CNRM, CNRS, Toulouse, France. [Beljaars, A.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecast, Reading, Berks, England. [de Bruijn, E. I. F.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, KNMI, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Cheng, A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Cheng, A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Conangla, L.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Fis Aplicada, Manresa, Spain. [Cuxart, J.] Univ Illes Balears, Dept Fis, Grp Meteorol, Ciutat De Mallorca, Spain. [Ek, M.] NOAA, Ctr Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Falk, M. J.; Larson, V. E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Freedman, F.] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Kitagawa, H.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Lock, A.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Mailhot, J.] Environm Canada, Meteorol Res Div, Dorval, PQ, Canada. [Park, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Pleim, J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Soderberg, S.] WeatherTech Scandinavia, Uppsala, Sweden. [Weng, W.] York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Zampieri, M.] CNR, ISAC, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RP Svensson, G (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM gunilla@misu.su.se RI Mauritsen, Thorsten/G-5880-2013; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Steeneveld, Gert-Jan/B-2816-2010; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017; Holtslag, Albert/B-7842-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Mauritsen, Thorsten/0000-0003-1418-4077; Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Steeneveld, Gert-Jan/0000-0002-5922-8179; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082; Holtslag, Albert/0000-0003-0995-2481; NR 60 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 140 IS 2 BP 177 EP 206 DI 10.1007/s10546-011-9611-7 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 789YW UT WOS:000292556600001 ER PT J AU Lee, SH AF Lee, Sang-Hyun TI Further Development of the Vegetated Urban Canopy Model Including a Grass-Covered Surface Parametrization and Photosynthesis Effects SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Land-surface model; Surface energy balance; Urban boundary layer; Urban canopy model; Urban climate; Urban vegetation ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; ENERGY-BALANCE; PART I; STREET CANYON; 2 CITIES; BUDGET; SCHEME; PARAMETERIZATION; TEMPERATURE; ENVIRONMENT AB The vegetated urban canopy model (VUCM), which includes parametrizations of urban physical processes for artificial surfaces and vegetated areas in an integrated system, has been further developed by including physical processes associated with grass-covered surfaces in urban pervious surfaces and the photosynthesis effects of urban vegetation. Using measurements made from three urban/suburban sites during the BUBBLE field campaign in 2002, the model's performance in modelling surface fluxes (momentum flux, net radiation, sensible and latent heat fluxes and storage heat flux) and canopy air conditions (canopy air temperature and specific humidity) was critically evaluated for the non-precipitation and the precipitation days. The observed surface fluxes at the urban/suburban sites were significantly altered by precipitation as well as urban vegetation. Especially, the storage heat at urban surfaces and underlying substrates varied drastically depending on weather conditions while having an important role in the formation of a nocturnal urban surface layer. Unlike the nighttime canopy air temperature that was largely affected by the storage-heat release, the daytime canopy air conditions were highly influenced by the vertical turbulent exchange with the overlying atmosphere. The VUCM well reproduced these observed features in surface fluxes and canopy air conditions at all sites while performing well for both the non-precipitation and the precipitation days. The newly implemented parametrizations clearly improved the model's performance in the simulation of sensible and latent heat fluxes at the sites, more noticeably at the suburban site where the vegetated area fraction is the largest among the sites. Sensitivity analyses for model input parameters in VUCM elucidated the relative importance of the morphological, aerodynamic, hydrological and radiative/thermal properties in modelling urban surface fluxes and canopy air conditions for daytime and nighttime periods. These results suggest that the VUCM has great potential for urban atmospheric numerical modelling for a range of cities and weather conditions in addition to having a better physical basis in the representation of urban vegetated areas and associated physical processes. C1 [Lee, Sang-Hyun] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Lee, Sang-Hyun] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Sang-Hyun.Lee@noaa.gov RI Lee, Sang-Hyun/B-5974-2013 NR 35 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 140 IS 2 BP 315 EP 342 DI 10.1007/s10546-011-9603-7 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 789YW UT WOS:000292556600007 ER PT J AU Yeo, D Gabbai, RD AF Yeo, DongHun Gabbai, Rene D. TI Sustainable design of reinforced concrete structures through embodied energy optimization SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE Embodied energy; Reinforced concrete; Optimization ID LIFE-CYCLE; BUILDINGS AB As the world struggles to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, much attention is focused on making buildings operate more efficiently. However, there is another, less recognized aspect of the built environment: the embodied energy of buildings, which represents the energy consumed in construction, including the entire life cycle of materials used. Architects and structural engineers extensively perform designs of buildings with steel and reinforced concrete-materials that, to different degrees, are energy intensive. This presents an opportunity to use structural optimization techniques, which have traditionally been employed to minimize the total cost or total weight of a structure, to minimize the embodied energy. With this in mind, an analysis is carried out to determine the implications, from the point of view of cost, of optimizing a simple reinforced concrete structural member, in this case a rectangular beam of fixed moment and shear strengths, such that embodied energy is minimized. For the embodied energy and cost values assumed, results indicate a reduction on the order of 10% in embodied energy for an increase on the order of 5% in costs. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yeo, DongHun] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gabbai, Rene D.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Yeo, D (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM donghun.yeo@nist.gov NR 19 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 43 IS 8 BP 2028 EP 2033 DI 10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.04.014 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 792YO UT WOS:000292786500027 ER PT J AU Newman, AV Feng, LJ Fritz, HM Lifton, ZM Kalligeris, N Wei, Y AF Newman, Andrew V. Feng, Lujia Fritz, Hermann M. Lifton, Zachery M. Kalligeris, Nikos Wei, Yong TI The energetic 2010 M-W 7.1 Solomon Islands tsunami earthquake SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Seismic cycle; Tsunamis; Earthquake source observations; Subduction zone processes ID ONTONG JAVA PLATEAU; ARC; SUBDUCTION; DEFORMATION; BOUNDARIES; RUPTURE; STRESS; FAULTS; UPLIFT; ZONE AB On 2010 January 3 a moment magnitude M-W 7.1 earthquake struck the Solomon Islands very near the San Cristobal trench, causing extensive landslides and surprisingly large tsunami waves. Because of the unique proximity of islands to the trench (<20 km) and earthquake, a post-seismic survey successfully identified unexpected widespread coseismic subsidence towards the trench (up to 80 cm), with no discernable post-seismic deformation. Approximately 1000 km from the earthquake ocean-bottom pressure sensors measured 1-2 cm open-ocean tsunami waves. Though spatially limited, the local tsunami wave heights up to 7 m were comparable to the much larger adjacent 2007 M-W 8.1 earthquake. The seismically determined focal mechanism, broad-scale subsidence, tsunami amplitude and open ocean wave heights are all explained by an extremely shallow low-angle thrust adjacent to the impinging subduction of the two seamounts near the trench. This event belongs to a potentially new class of shallow 'tsunami earthquakes' that is not identified as deficient in radiated seismic energy. C1 [Newman, Andrew V.; Feng, Lujia; Fritz, Hermann M.; Lifton, Zachery M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Fritz, Hermann M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Savannah, GA 31407 USA. [Kalligeris, Nikos] Tech Univ Crete, Dept Environm Engn, Chanea, Greece. [Wei, Yong] NOAA, Ctr Tsunami Res, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wei, Yong] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Newman, AV (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM anewman@gatech.edu RI Newman, Andrew/E-7682-2012; Feng, Lujia/F-2523-2012; Fritz, Hermann/H-5618-2013; Wei, Yong/I-3462-2015 OI Newman, Andrew/0000-0001-7414-1197; Feng, Lujia/0000-0002-3736-5025; Fritz, Hermann/0000-0002-6798-5401; Wei, Yong/0000-0002-6908-1342 FU NSF; NASA [EAR-0735156] FX We thank S. Weinstien, A. Lomax and an anonymous reviewer for careful reviews of the manuscript. Comments from Lomax and the anonymous reviewer helped guide us to reconsider the low-angle thrust model. NSF EAR-1020239, SAR data and GPS equipment were provided by the UNAVCO with support from NSF and NASA under EAR-0735156. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 186 IS 2 BP 775 EP 781 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05057.x PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 792KG UT WOS:000292742700030 ER PT J AU Ren, L Liu, L Bhowmick, S Gerbig, YB Janal, MN Thompson, VP Zhang, Y AF Ren, L. Liu, L. Bhowmick, S. Gerbig, Y. B. Janal, M. N. Thompson, V. P. Zhang, Y. TI Improving Fatigue Damage Resistance of Alumina through Surface Grading SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE alumina crowns; surface infiltration by glass; functionally graded ceramics; modulus gradient; sliding-contact fatigue; bulk fracture ID ALL-CERAMIC RESTORATIONS; PROCERA ALLCERAM CROWNS; SLIDING-CONTACT DAMAGE; CLINICAL-EVALUATION; SIMULATED MASTICATION; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; GRADIENTS; ZIRCONIA; FRACTURE; INDENTATION AB Porcelain-veneered alumina crown restorations often fail from bulk fracture resulting from radial cracks that initiate at the cementation surface with repeated flexure of the stiffer crown layers on the soft dentin support. We hypothesized that bulk fracture may be substantially mitigated by grading the elastic modulus at the crown surfaces. In this study, we fabricated graded structures by infiltrating glass into dense alumina plates, resulting in a diminished modulus at the surface layers. The plates were then bonded to polycarbonate substrates and subjected to fatigue loading in water. Tests were terminated when fracture occurred at the cementation tensile surface or at the fatigue endurance limit (1 million cycles). Infiltrated specimens showed a significant increase in fatigue fracture loads over non-infiltrated controls. Our results indicate that controlled elastic gradients at the surface could be highly beneficial in the design of fracture-resistant alumina crowns. C1 [Bhowmick, S.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem Mat & Biomol Engn, Ctr Clean Energy Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Gerbig, Y. B.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Janal, M. N.] NYU, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Coll Dent, New York, NY 10010 USA. EM yz21@nyu.edu OI Thompson, Van P/0000-0003-0033-0344 FU U.S. Division of Civil, Mechanical & Manufacturing Innovation, National Science Foundation [CMMI-0758530]; U.S. National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health [1R01 DE017925] FX This investigation was supported by Research Grant CMMI-0758530 (PI. Zhang) from the U.S. Division of Civil, Mechanical & Manufacturing Innovation, National Science Foundation and Research Grant 1R01 DE017925 (PI. Zhang) from the U.S. National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health. The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 90 IS 8 BP 1026 EP 1030 DI 10.1177/0022034511408427 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 791AM UT WOS:000292632200014 PM 21555776 ER PT J AU Fassbender, AJ Sabine, CL Feely, RA Langdon, C Mordy, CW AF Fassbender, Andrea J. Sabine, Christopher L. Feely, Richard A. Langdon, Chris Mordy, Calvin W. TI Inorganic carbon dynamics during northern California coastal upwelling SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Carbon; Upwelling; Acidification; California; Continental shelf; Phytoplankton ID OREGON CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SEA-URCHIN LARVAE; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; GAS-EXCHANGE; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; SPRING TRANSITION; DIOXIDE ANALYSIS; CURRENT SYSTEM; SOLUBLE GASES; MONTEREY BAY AB Coastal upwelling events in the California Current System can transport subsurface waters with high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the sea surface near shore. As these waters age and are advected offshore, CO2 levels decrease dramatically, falling well below the atmospheric concentration beyond the continental shelf break. In May 2007 we observed an upwelling event off the coast of northern California. During the upwelling event subsurface respiration along the upwelling path added similar to 35 mu mol kg(-1) of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to the water as it transited toward shore causing the waters to become undersaturated with respect to Aragonite. Within the mixed layer, pCO(2) levels were reduced by the biological uptake of DIC (up to 70%), gas exchange (up to 44%), and the addition of total alkalinity through CaCO3 dissolution in the undersaturated waters (up to 23%). The percentage contribution of each of these processes was dependent on distance from shore. At the time of measurement, a phytoplankton bloom was just beginning to develop over the continental shelf. A box model was used to project the evolution of the water chemistry as the bloom developed. The biological utilization of available nitrate resulted in a DIC decrease of similar to 200 mu mol kg(-1), sea surface pCO(2) near similar to 200 ppm, and an aragonite saturation state of similar to 3. These results suggest that respiration processes along the upwelling path generally increase the acidification of the waters that are being upwelled, but once the waters reach the surface biological productivity and gas exchange reduce that acidification over time. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fassbender, Andrea J.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sabine, Christopher L.; Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Langdon, Chris] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Mordy, Calvin W.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Fassbender, AJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, 1503 NE Boat St,Mailbox 355351, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM Andrea.Fassbender@noaa.gov; Chris.Sabine@noaa.gov; Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov; CLangdon@rsmas.miami.edu; Calvin.W.Mordy@noaa.gov OI Fassbender, Andrea/0000-0002-5898-1185 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Aeronautical and Space Administration; University of Washington Graduate School; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232] FX The authors would like to thank Captain Richard Verlini and the crew of the R/V Wecoma for their assistance at sea and the members of the Feely/Sabine/Allen lab at PMEL, who were involved in the NACP West Coast Cruise. Special thanks to Burke Hales (Oregon State University) for his support and to Julia Hummon (University of Hawaii) who provided ADCP data used in this analysis. This study benefited from discussions with Laurie Juranek (NOAA/PMEL), Steve Emerson (University of Washington), and Barbara Hickey (University of Washington). Financial support for this work was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Global Carbon cycle Program and the National Aeronautical and Space Administration Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program. This publication is partially funded by the University of Washington Graduate School and Program on Climate Change, as well as the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement no. NA17RJ1232. This research is contribution 3550 to NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, and contribution 1819 to JISAO. NR 57 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 48 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 31 IS 11 BP 1180 EP 1192 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2011.04.006 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 787IE UT WOS:000292369000003 ER PT J AU Dolph, CL Huff, DD Chizinski, CJ Vondracek, B AF Dolph, Christine L. Huff, David D. Chizinski, Christopher J. Vondracek, Bruce TI Implications of community concordance for assessing stream integrity at three nested spatial scales in Minnesota, USA SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE canonical correspondence analysis; fish; macroinvertebrates; procrustes; RIVPACS ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; CROSS-TAXON CONGRUENCE; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; RIVER HEALTH; MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; SPECIES RICHNESS; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS; BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS AB 1. Fish and invertebrate assemblage data collected from 670 stream sites in Minnesota (U.S.A.) were used to calculate concordance across three nested spatial scales (statewide, ecoregion and catchment). Predictive taxa richness models, calibrated using the same data, were used to evaluate whether concordant communities exhibited similar trends in human-induced taxa loss across all three scales. Finally, we evaluated the strength of the relationship between selected environmental variables and the composition of both assemblages at all three spatial scales. 2. Significant concordance between fish and invertebrate communities occurred at the statewide scale as well as in six of seven ecoregions and 17 of the 21 major catchments. However, concordance was not consistently indicative of significant relationships between rates of fish and invertebrate taxa loss at those same scales. 3. Fish and invertebrate communities were largely associated with different environmental variables, although the composition of both communities was strongly correlated with stream size across all three scales. 4. Predictive taxa-loss models for fish assemblages were less sensitive and precise than models for invertebrate assemblages, likely because of the relatively low number of common fish taxa in our data set. Both models, however, distinguished reference from non-reference sites. 5. The importance of concordance, geographic context and scale are discussed in relation to the design and interpretation of stream integrity indicators. In particular, our findings suggest that community concordance should not be viewed as a substitute for an evaluation of how assemblages respond to environmental stressors. C1 [Dolph, Christine L.; Vondracek, Bruce] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Huff, David D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Chizinski, Christopher J.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. [Dolph, Christine L.] Univ Minnesota, Water Resources Sci Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Dolph, CL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 200 Hodson Hall,1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dolph008@umn.edu RI Huff, David/A-8166-2008; Chizinski, Christopher/G-6306-2011; OI Huff, David/0000-0001-9061-7685; Chizinski, Christopher/0000-0001-9294-2588 FU Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; University of Minnesota Graduate School; University of Minnesota FX We would like to thank Dr. Jani Heino and Dr. Daren Carlisle, as well as two anonymous reviewers, for providing us with helpful suggestions that improved the quality of this manuscript. We thank David Wright from the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources for providing funding for this project and Scott Niemela and Joel Chirhart from the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency for providing biomonitoring data. This research was funded by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, a University of Minnesota Graduate School Fellowship, and a block grant from the University of Minnesota Water Resources Science Program. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or products or software or models, whether commercially available or not, is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government or the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 82 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1652 EP 1669 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02589.x PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 788LP UT WOS:000292446700016 ER PT J AU Baasandorj, M Feierabend, KJ Burkholder, JB AF Baasandorj, Munkhbayar Feierabend, Karl J. Burkholder, James B. TI Rate Coefficients and ClO Radical Yields in the Reaction of O(D-1) with CClF2CCl2F, CCl3CF3, CClF2CClF2, and CCl2FCF3 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID RATE CONSTANTS; OH; HALOCARBONS; PHOTOLYSIS; NM AB Rate coefficients, k, and ClO radical product yields, Y, for the gas-phase reaction of O(D-1) with CClF2CCl2F (CFC-113) (k(2)), CCl3CF3 (CFC-113a) (k(3)), CClF2CClF2 (CFC-114) (k(4)), and CCl2FCF3 (CFC-114a) (k(5)) at 296 K are reported. Rate coefficients for the loss of O(D-1) were measured using a competitive reaction technique, with n-butane (n-C4H10) as the reference reactant, employing pulsed laser photolysis production of O(D-1) combined with laser-induced fluorescence detection of the OH radical temporal profile. Rate coefficients were measured to be k(2) = (2.33 +/- 0.40) x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), k(3) = (2.61 +/- 0.40) x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), k(4) = (1.42 +/- 0.25) x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), and k(5) = (1.62 +/- 0.30) x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). ClO radical product yields for reactions (2)-(5) were measured using pulsed laser photolysis combined with cavity ring-down spectroscopy to be 0.80 +/- 0.10, 0.79 +/- 0.10, 0.85 +/- 0.12, and 0.79 +/- 0.10, respectively. The quoted errors in k and Y are at the 2 sigma (95% confidence) level and include estimated systematic errors. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* Int J Chem Kinet 43: 393-401, 2011 C1 [Baasandorj, Munkhbayar; Feierabend, Karl J.; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Baasandorj, Munkhbayar; Feierabend, Karl J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013 FU NOAA; NASA FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Climate Goal and NASA's Atmospheric Composition program. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 43 IS 8 BP 393 EP 401 DI 10.1002/kin.20561 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 789LL UT WOS:000292516900001 ER PT J AU Sun, LM Chow, LC Bonevich, JE Wang, TX Mitchell, JW AF Sun, Limin Chow, Laurence C. Bonevich, John E. Wang, Tongxin Mitchell, James W. TI A new approach to prepare well-dispersed CaF2 nanoparticles by spray drying technique SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE calcium fluoride; nanoparticle; composite particle; spray drying; particle dispersion/agglomeration ID CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE NANOPARTICLES; FLAME SYNTHESIS; FLUORIDE; HYDROXYAPATITE; MOUTHRINSE; INVIVO; RINSE AB Previously, nano-sized calcium fluoride (CaF2) particles were prepared using a spray drying method by simultaneously feeding Ca(OH)(2) and NH4F solutions to a two-liquid nozzle. The aim of the present study was to prepare better-dispersed nano-CaF2 particles by co-forming a soluble salt, sodium chloride (NaCl). NaCl of various concentrations were added to the NH4F solution, leading to formation of (CaF2+NaCl) composites with CaF2/NaCl molar ratios of 4/1, 4/4, and 4/16. Pure nano-CaF2 was also prepared as the control. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the products contained crystalline CaF2 and NaCl. Scanning electron microscopy examinations showed that both the CaF2/NaCl composite and pure CaF2 particles were about (50-800) nm in size and consisted of primary CaF2 particles of < 50 nm in size. BET surface area measurements showed similar primary particle sizes for all samples. Dynamic light scattering measurements showed that the washed (CaF2+NaCl) particles were much smaller than the pure CaF2 as the dissolution of NaCl "freed" most of the primary CaF2 particles, leading to a greater degree of particle dispersion. The well-dispersed nano-CaF2 may be expected to be a more effective anticaries agent than NaF by providing longer lasting elevations of fluoride concentrations in oral fluids. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 98B: 223-229, 2011. C1 [Sun, Limin; Chow, Laurence C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sun, Limin; Chow, Laurence C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bonevich, John E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Tongxin; Mitchell, James W.] Howard Univ, CREST Ctr Nanomat, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Wang, Tongxin] Howard Univ, Coll Dent, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Sun, LM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM limin.sun@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU NIH (National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institute of Health) [R01DE16416] FX Contract grant sponsor: NIH; contract grant number: R01DE16416 (National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institute of Health) NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1552-4973 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES B JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B PD AUG PY 2011 VL 98B IS 2 BP 223 EP 229 DI 10.1002/jbm.b.31800 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 789NN UT WOS:000292522300004 PM 21695777 ER PT J AU Sant, G Bentz, D Weiss, J AF Sant, Gaurav Bentz, Dale Weiss, Jason TI Capillary porosity depercolation in cement-based materials: Measurement techniques and factors which influence their interpretation SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Capillary porosity; Chemical shrinkage; Conductivity; Depercolation; Shrinkage reducing admixture (SRA) ID SHRINKAGE-REDUCING ADMIXTURES; HETEROGENEOUS ICE NUCLEATION; MICRO-MACRO CORRELATIONS; SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACE; NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; AUTOGENOUS DEFORMATIONS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; FLUORESCENCE DECAY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; EARLY-AGE AB The connectivity of the capillary porosity in cement-based materials impacts fluid-and-ion transport and thus material durability, the interpretation of experimental measurements such as chemical shrinkage, and the timing and duration of curing operations. While several methods have been used to assess the connectivity of the capillary pores, the interpretation of some experimental procedures can be complicated by the addition of certain chemical admixtures. This paper assesses capillary porosity depercolation in cement pastes using measurements of chemical shrinkage, low temperature calorimetry (LTC), and electrical impedance spectroscopy. The experimental results are analyzed to identify the time of capillary porosity depercolation. In addition, the factors that influence the interpretation of each technique are discussed. Experimental evidence suggests that capillary porosity depercolation, as defined by Powers, occurs after hydration has reduced the capillary porosity to around 20% in cement paste systems. The influence of capillary porosity depercolation on the transport properties is demonstrated in terms of a reduction in the electrical conductivity of the cementitious material. Special attention is paid to understand and interpret the influence of shrinkage-reducing admixtures (SRAs) on the freezing behavior of cementitious systems, particularly in regard to the inapplicability of using LTC to detect porosity depercolation in cement pastes containing such organic admixtures. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sant, Gaurav] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bentz, Dale] NIST, Engn Lab, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Weiss, Jason] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Pankow Mat Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Sant, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM gsant@ucla.edu; dale.bentz@nist.gov; wjweiss@purdue.edu RI Sant, Gaurav/F-3492-2011; OI Weiss, William/0000-0003-2859-7980 FU Purdue Research Foundation; Center for Advanced Cement Based Materials FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support for this research from the Purdue Research Foundation and the Center for Advanced Cement Based Materials. This work was conducted in the Material Characterization and Sensing Laboratory at Purdue University, the Engineering Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Laboratory for Construction Materials at the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne. As such, the authors gratefully acknowledge the support of these laboratories in making this research possible. The authors would also like to acknowledge Dr. Pietro Lura whose efforts which were instrumental in developing the chemical shrinkage method and experimental program at Purdue University. NR 71 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-8846 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 41 IS 8 BP 854 EP 864 DI 10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.04.006 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 785KC UT WOS:000292226900007 ER PT J AU Xu, HHK Moreau, JL Sun, LM Chow, LC AF Xu, Hockin H. K. Moreau, Jennifer L. Sun, Limin Chow, Laurence C. TI Nanocomposite containing amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles for caries inhibition SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Dental nanocomposite; Amorphous calcium phosphate; Filler level; Stress-bearing; Caries inhibition; Ion release ID RESIN-COMPOSITES; DENTAL COMPOSITES; SHRINKAGE-STRESS; POLYMERIZATION SHRINKAGE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FLUORIDE RELEASE; PO4 RELEASE; RESTORATIONS; STRENGTH; PARTICLES AB Objectives. The main challenges facing composite restorations are secondary caries and bulk fracture. The objectives of this study were to synthesize novel nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), develop NACP nanocomposite with calcium (Ca) and phosphate (PO(4)) ion release to combat caries, and investigate the effects of NACP filler level and glass co-filler reinforcement on composite properties. Methods. NACP (diameter = 116 nm) were synthesized via a spray-drying technique for the first time. Since the local plaque pH in the oral cavity can decrease to 5 or 4, photo-activated composites were tested with immersion in solutions of pH 7, 5.5, and 4. Composite mechanical properties as well as Ca and PO(4) ion release were measured vs. pH and filler level. Results. Increasing the NACP filler level increased the ion release. At 28 d and pH 4, the Ca release was (4.66 +/- 0.05) mmol/L at 20% NACP, much higher than (0.33 +/- 0.08) at 10% NACP (p < 0.05). Decreasing the pH increased the ion release. At 20% NACP, the PO(4) release at 28 d was (1.84 +/- 0.12) mmol/L at pH 4, higher than (0.59 +/- 0.08) at pH 5.5, and (0.12 +/- 0.01) at pH 7 (p < 0.05). However, pH had little effect on composite mechanical properties. Flexural strength at 15% NACP was (96 +/- 13) MPa at pH 4, similar to (89 +/- 13) MPa at pH 5.5, and (89 +/- 19) MPa at pH 7 (p > 0.1). The new NACP nanocomposites had strengths that were 2-fold those of previous calcium phosphate composites and resin-modified glass ionomer control. Significance. NACP composites were developed for the first time. Their strengths matched or exceeded a commercial composite with little ion release, and were 2-fold those of previous Ca-PO(4) composites. The nanocomposite was "smart" as it greatly increased the ion release at a cariogenic pH 4, when these ions would be most needed to inhibit caries. Hence, the new NACP composite may be promising for stress-bearing and caries-inhibiting restorations. (C) 2011 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Hockin H. K.; Moreau, Jennifer L.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Sun, Limin; Chow, Laurence C.] NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, 650 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM hxu@umaryland.edu FU NIH [DE17974, DE16416]; University of Maryland Dental School; NIST; ADAF FX We gratefully thank Dr. J.M. Antonucci, Dr. S. Dickens and Dr. D. Skrtic for discussions, and A.A. Giuseppetti for experimental assistance. This study was supported by NIH R01 grants DE17974 (HX) and DE16416 (LC), the University of Maryland Dental School, NIST, and ADAF. NR 46 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 5 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 27 IS 8 BP 762 EP 769 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2011.03.016 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 782UH UT WOS:000292037200006 PM 21514655 ER PT J AU Black, BA Schroeder, ID Sydeman, WJ Bograd, SJ Wells, BK Schwing, FB AF Black, Bryan A. Schroeder, Isaac D. Sydeman, William J. Bograd, Steven J. Wells, Brian K. Schwing, Franklin B. TI Winter and summer upwelling modes and their biological importance in the California Current Ecosystem SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cassin's auklet; Chinook salmon; climate change; common murre; dendrochronology; rockfish; sclerochronology; upwelling ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CHINOOK SALMON; CURRENT SYSTEM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EL-NINO; PTYCHORAMPHUS-ALEUTICUS; YELLOWTAIL ROCKFISH; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; EUPHAUSIA-PACIFICA AB Analysis of monthly coastal upwelling intensities revealed two seasonal and biologically relevant upwelling 'modes' in the California Current Ecosystem (CCE). The first mode reflected upwelling during the summer months and was characterized by low-frequency (multidecadal) processes, including significant (P<0.01) linear trends at some latitudes. In contrast, the second mode reflected wintertime upwelling and was defined by higher-frequency variability associated with the North Pacific High and El Nino Southern Oscillation events. These modes were compared with multidecadal time series of splitnose rockfish (Sebastes diploproa) otolith growth, yelloweye rockfish (S. ruberrimus) otolith growth, Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) scale growth, and indices of Cassin's auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) and common murre (Uria aalge) reproduction in the central-northern CCE. In redundancy and correlation analyses, salmon growth and Cassin's auklet fledgling success associated with the summer upwelling mode while all other time series associated with the winter upwelling mode, indicating that CCE biology was differentially sensitive to these seasonal upwelling patterns. Thus, upwelling occurred in unrelated seasonal modes with contrasting trends, atmospheric forcing mechanisms, and impacts on the biology of the CCE, underscoring the importance of seasonality when evaluating ecosystem response to climate variability and change. C1 [Black, Bryan A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, SE Marine Sci Ctr 2030, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Schroeder, Isaac D.; Bograd, Steven J.; Schwing, Franklin B.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Sydeman, William J.] Bodega Bay Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Wells, Brian K.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Black, BA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, SE Marine Sci Ctr 2030, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM bryan.black@oregonstate.edu RI Black, Bryan/A-7057-2009 FU PRBO Conservation Science on the Farallon National Wildlife Refuge; US Fish and Wildlife Service; NOAA; California Ocean Protection Council; California Sea Grant [R/OPCENV-07]; National Science Foundation [0929017] FX The seabird research was conducted and funded by PRBO Conservation Science on the Farallon National Wildlife Refuge, in collaboration with the US Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank PRBO and USFWS for data contributions to this project. Funding was provided by NOAA's Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program and the California Ocean Protection Council and California Sea Grant under grant R/OPCENV-07 entitled 'Tackling Climate Change and Ecological Complexity: Matches and Mismatches in the Seasonal Cycle of California's Marine Flora and Fauna'. Funding was also provided through the National Science Foundation under grant 0929017 entitled 'Importance of winter upwelling to California Current ecosystem dynamics'. Special thanks to S. A. Thompson, J. Thayer and J. Largier for reviewing a draft of this manuscript. We also thank D. Pearson for providing the rockfish otoliths necessary to extend the splitnose rockfish growth-increment chronology. NR 39 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 17 IS 8 BP 2536 EP 2545 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02422.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 786KX UT WOS:000292308300003 ER PT J AU Li, CS Inn, KGW Jones, R Jourdain, JR Priest, N Wilkinson, D Sadi, B Ko, R Capello, K Kramer, GH AF Li, Chunsheng Inn, Kenneth G. W. Jones, Robert Jourdain, Jean-Rene Priest, Nicholas Wilkinson, Diana Sadi, Baki Ko, Raymond Capello, Kevin Kramer, Gary H. TI INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON EMERGENCY RADIOBIOASSAY: CONSIDERATIONS, GAPS AND RECOMMENDATIONS SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE bioassay; dosimetry; internal; emergencies; radiological; radiological terrorism AB An international workshop on emergency radiobioassay was held in Ottawa, Canada, 1-3 September 2010. Sixty-five scientists and public health officials from five countries attended the workshop and gave 36 presentations. During the workshop, many considerations were raised, gaps identified, and recommendations given for emergency radiobioassay for both preparedness and response in case of a radiological or nuclear incident. In short, some bioassay methods and protocols need to be developed, validated, and exercised; national and international radiobioassay laboratory networks should be established; and communications and collaborations among public health officials, monitoring experts, and medical staff are encouraged. All these activities are required to make us better prepared for an RN emergency. Health Phys. 101(2): 107-111; 2011 C1 [Li, Chunsheng; Sadi, Baki; Ko, Raymond; Capello, Kevin; Kramer, Gary H.] Hlth Canada, Radiat Protect Bur, Ottawa, ON K1A 1C1, Canada. [Inn, Kenneth G. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jones, Robert] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jourdain, Jean-Rene] Inst Radiol Protect & Nucl Safety IRSN, F-92262 Fontenay Aux Roses 17, France. [Priest, Nicholas] Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Wilkinson, Diana] Def R&D Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Z4, Canada. RP Li, CS (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Radiat Protect Bur, Ottawa, ON K1A 1C1, Canada. EM li.chunsheng@hc-sc.gc.ca RI Jones, Robert/E-1170-2011; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU Ortec, Canberra and Eichrom Technologies; CRTI [CRTI 06-230RD, CRTI 08-241TD] FX The authors thank all of the participants of the International Workshop on Emergency Radiobioassay for their presentations and discussion. Special thanks are given to Ortec, Canberra and Eichrom Technologies for their generous sponsorship, and to the staff at the Lord Elgin hotel for their assistance. We also thank CRTI for funding this workshop (CRTI 06-230RD and CRTI 08-241TD). NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 101 IS 2 BP 107 EP 111 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e318213a5da PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 784CB UT WOS:000292130100001 PM 21709495 ER PT J AU Nour, S LaRosa, J Inn, KGW AF Nour, Svetlana LaRosa, Jerry Inn, Kenneth G. W. TI EMERGENCY RADIOBIOASSAY PREPAREDNESS EXERCISES THROUGH THE NIST RADIOCHEMISTRY INTERCOMPARISON PROGRAM SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE bioassay; emergencies; radiological; radiation; low-level; radioactive materials ID EXTRACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY; MANGANESE-DIOXIDE; NATURAL-WATERS; LARGE VOLUMES; SEPARATION; ACTINIDES; PRECONCENTRATION; PLUTONIUM; RESIN AB The present challenge for the international emergency radiobioassay community is to analyze contaminated samples rapidly while maintaining high quality results. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) runs a radiobioassay measurement traceability testing program to evaluate the radioanalytical capabilities of participating laboratories. The NIST Radiochemistry Intercomparison Program (NRIP) started more than 10 years ago, and emergency performance testing was added to the program seven years ago. Radiobioassay turnaround times under the NRIP program for routine production and under emergency response scenarios are 60 d and 8 h, respectively. Because measurement accuracy and sample turnaround time are very critical in a radiological emergency, response laboratories' analytical systems are best evaluated and improved through traceable Performance Testing (PT) programs. The NRIP provides participant laboratories with metrology tools to evaluate their performance and to improve it. The program motivates the laboratories to optimize their methodologies and minimize the turnaround time of their results. Likewise, NIST has to make adjustments and periodical changes in the bioassay test samples in order to challenge the participating laboratories continually. With practice, radioanalytical measurements turnaround time can be reduced to 3-4 h. Health Phys. 101(2):170-175; 2011 C1 [Nour, Svetlana; LaRosa, Jerry; Inn, Kenneth G. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nour, S (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Svetlana.nour@nist.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 101 IS 2 BP 170 EP 175 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3182149823 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 784CB UT WOS:000292130100011 PM 21709505 ER PT J AU Reyes, DR Mijares, GI Nablo, B Briggman, KA Gaitan, M AF Reyes, Darwin R. Mijares, Geraldine I. Nablo, Brian Briggman, Kimberly A. Gaitan, Michael TI Trapping and release of citrate-capped gold nanoparticles SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gold nanoparticles; Trapping and release; Impedance spectroscopy; Self-assembled monolayers; Electrical manipulation; Cyclic voltammetry ID METAL NANOPARTICLES; ALPHA-CHYMOTRYPSIN; SURFACE; INHIBITION; BINDING AB An electrical method to trap and release charged gold nanoparticles onto and from the surface of gold electrodes modified by an alkanethiol self-assembled monolayer (SAM) is presented. To form electrodes coated with gold nanoparticles (GNPs), amine-terminated SAMs on gold electrodes were immersed in a solution of negatively charged citrate-capped GNPs. Accumulation of GNPs on the electrode surface was monitored by a decrease in the impedance of the SAM-modified electrode and by an increase in the electrochemical activity at the electrode as shown through cyclic voltammetry (CV). Electrostatic interactions between the GNPs and the amine-terminated SAM trap the GNPs on the electrode surface. Application of a subsequent negative bias to the electrode initiated a partial release of the GNPs from the electrode surface. Impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to monitor and confirm the attraction of GNPs to and release from the aminealkanethiolated gold electrodes. This work describes a method of trapping and release for citrate-capped GNPs that could be used for on-demand nanoparticle delivery applications such as in assessing and modeling nanoparticle toxicology, as well as for monitoring the functionalization of gold nanoparticles. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Reyes, Darwin R.; Mijares, Geraldine I.; Nablo, Brian; Gaitan, Michael] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Briggman, Kimberly A.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reyes, DR (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM darwin.reyes@nist.gov FU NIST FX This work was supported by the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science Cellular Biometrology Program. Electrode fabrication was performed at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology Nanofabrication facility in Gaithersburg, MD. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 257 IS 20 BP 8373 EP 8377 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.04.030 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 778SF UT WOS:000291725100013 ER PT J AU Scheirer, WJ Rocha, A Micheals, RJ Boult, TE AF Scheirer, Walter J. Rocha, Anderson Micheals, Ross J. Boult, Terrance E. TI Meta-Recognition: The Theory and Practice of Recognition Score Analysis SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE Meta-recognition; performance modeling; multialgorithm fusion; object recognition; face recognition; fingerprint recognition; content-based image retrieval; similarity scores; extreme value theory ID PERFORMANCE AB In this paper, we define meta-recognition, a performance prediction method for recognition algorithms, and examine the theoretical basis for its postrecognition score analysis form through the use of the statistical extreme value theory (EVT). The ability to predict the performance of a recognition system based on its outputs for each match instance is desirable for a number of important reasons, including automatic threshold selection for determining matches and nonmatches, and automatic algorithm selection or weighting for multi-algorithm fusion. The emerging body of literature on postrecognition score analysis has been largely constrained to biometrics, where the analysis has been shown to successfully complement or replace image quality metrics as a predictor. We develop a new statistical predictor based upon the Weibull distribution, which produces accurate results on a per instance recognition basis across different recognition problems. Experimental results are provided for two different face recognition algorithms, a fingerprint recognition algorithm, a SIFT-based object recognition system, and a content-based image retrieval system. C1 [Scheirer, Walter J.; Boult, Terrance E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. [Rocha, Anderson] Univ Estadual Campinas, IC, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Micheals, Ross J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scheirer, WJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. EM wjs3@vast.uccs.edu; anderson.rocha@ic.unicamp.br; ross.micheals@nist.gov; tboult@vast.uccs.edu FU ONR [N00014-07-M-0421, N00014-09-M-0448]; US National Science Foundation (NSF) [065025]; FAPESP [2010/05647-4] FX This work was supported in part by ONR STTR N00014-07-M-0421, ONR SBIR N00014-09-M-0448, US National Science Foundation (NSF) PFI Award #065025, and FAPESP Award #2010/05647-4. The authors also thank J. Ross Beveridge, who provided valuable feedback on early drafts of this work. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0162-8828 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1689 EP 1695 DI 10.1109/TPAMI.2011.54 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 779UH UT WOS:000291807200016 PM 21422483 ER PT J AU Hill, CR Duewer, DL Kline, MC Sprecher, CJ McLaren, RS Rabbach, DR Krenke, BE Ensenberger, MG Fulmer, PM Storts, DR Butler, JM AF Hill, Carolyn R. Duewer, David L. Kline, Margaret C. Sprecher, Cynthia J. McLaren, Robert S. Rabbach, Dawn R. Krenke, Benjamin E. Ensenberger, Martin G. Fulmer, Patricia M. Storts, Douglas R. Butler, John M. TI Concordance and population studies along with stutter and peak height ratio analysis for the PowerPlex (R) ESX 17 and ESI 17 Systems SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Short tandem repeat; DNA typing; STR kits; Concordance; Multiplex PCR; Population data; D1S1656; D2S441; D2S1338; D3S1358; D8S1179; D10S1248; D12S391; D16S539; D18S51; D19S433; D21S11; D22S1045; FGA; TH01; vWA; SE33; Amelogenin ID DNA PROFILES; STR LOCI; ALLELE; AMPLIFICATION AB The PowerPlex (R) ESX 17 and ESI 17 Systems for short tandem repeat (STR) amplification were developed by the Promega Corporation to meet the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI) and the European DNA Profiling (EDNAP) Group recommendations for increasing the number of STR loci included in the European Standard Set (ESS). The PowerPlex ESX 17 and ESI 17 Systems utilize different PCR primer combinations to co-amplify the following 17 loci: D1S1656, D2S441, D2S1338, D3S1358, D8S1179, D10S1248, D12S391, D16S539, D18S51, D19S433, D21S11, D22S1045, FGA, TH01, vWA, SE33, and the sex-typing locus amelogenin. A total of 1443 U. S. population samples were evaluated with pre-commercialization versions of both kits. Stutter and heterozygote peak height ratios have been used to characterize kit performance. Typing results have been used to estimate the match probabilities provided by the chosen loci as well as in concordance studies. Full concordance between the typing results for the two kits was observed in 99.994% (49,055 out of 49,062) STR allele calls compared. All genotyping discrepancies were confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. As a result of these comparisons, a second forward primer for the D22S1045 locus has been added to the PowerPlex ESX 17 System to address a primer binding site mutation and the D1S1656 locus reverse primer in the PowerPlex ESI 17 System was modified to eliminate an amplification-efficiency reducing primer dimer. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Hill, Carolyn R.; Duewer, David L.; Kline, Margaret C.; Butler, John M.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sprecher, Cynthia J.; McLaren, Robert S.; Rabbach, Dawn R.; Krenke, Benjamin E.; Ensenberger, Martin G.; Fulmer, Patricia M.; Storts, Douglas R.] Promega Corp, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Hill, CR (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM becky.hill@nist.gov FU National Institute of Justice (NIJ) [2008DN-R-121]; NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards FX The authors express appreciation for the technical assistance of Jan Redman and Richard Schoske in the initial preparation and quantitation of the NIST U.S. population samples used in this study and to Tom Reid for supplying the DNA Diagnostics Center (DDC) father/son samples. This work was funded in part by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) through an interagency agreement 2008DN-R-121 with the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards. Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U. S. Department of Justice. NR 23 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 5 IS 4 BP 269 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2010.03.014 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA 769RN UT WOS:000291036000007 PM 20457109 ER PT J AU Kline, MC Hill, CR Decker, AE Butler, JM AF Kline, Margaret C. Hill, Carolyn R. Decker, Amy E. Butler, John M. TI STR sequence analysis for characterizing normal, variant, and null alleles SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Short tandem repeat; STR typing; DNA sequencing; Allele dropout; Null allele; Variant allele ID TANDEM REPEAT LOCI; 2 HUNGARIAN POPULATIONS; BINDING-SITE MUTATION; ACTBP2 SE33; FALSE HOMOZYGOSITIES; HUMAN IDENTIFICATION; FORENSIC CASEWORK; NON-AMPLIFICATION; COMMERCIAL KITS; D8S1179 LOCUS AB DNA sequence variation is known to exist in and around the repeat region of short tandem repeat (STR) loci used in human identity testing. While the vast majority of STR alleles measured in forensic DNA laboratories worldwide type as "normal" alleles compared with STR kit allelic ladders, a number of variant alleles have been reported. In addition, a sequence difference at a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer binding site in the DNA template can cause allele drop-out (i.e., a "null" or "silent" allele) with one set of primers and not with another. Our group at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been sequencing variant and null alleles supplied by forensic labs and cataloging this information on the NIST STRBase website for the past decade. The PCR primer sequences and strategy used for our STR allele sequencing work involving 23 autosomal STRs and 17 Y-chromosome STRs are described along with the results from 111 variant and 17 null alleles. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Kline, Margaret C.; Hill, Carolyn R.; Decker, Amy E.; Butler, John M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kline, MC (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,M-S 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM margaret.kline@nist.gov FU National Institute of Justice [2008-DN-R-121]; NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Institute of Justice through an interagency agreement 2008-DN-R-121 with the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards. Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U. S. Department of Justice. Samples used for this study were kindly provided by numerous forensic and clinical DNA laboratories from around the world. Jill Appleby helped with some early experiments on this project, and Richard Schoske designed some of the Y-chromosome STR sequencing primers. Jan Redman aided in cataloging the variant alleles in STRBase. NR 64 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 5 IS 4 BP 329 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2010.09.005 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA 769RN UT WOS:000291036000016 PM 20932816 ER PT J AU Camp, AL Ryer, CH Laurel, B Seals, K AF Camp, Ariel L. Ryer, Clifford H. Laurel, Benjamin Seals, Kelly TI Effect of nursery habitat on density-dependent habitat selection in juvenile flatfish SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carrying capacity; English sole; Estuary; Northern rock sole; Predation risk ID SOLE PLEURONECTES-VETULUS; NORTH PACIFIC FLATFISHES; PREDATION RISK; ENGLISH SOLE; CONCENTRATION HYPOTHESIS; FEEDING MOTIVATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; ESTUARINE; ALASKA; STRATEGIES AB Nursery habitats contribute significantly to adult recruitment of marine fish, but the density of juveniles that they can support depends in part on conspecific interactions among juveniles. Density-dependent habitat selection (DDHS) was compared in the laboratory using two species of age-0 yr flatfish: 1) English sole Pleuronectes vetulus, which utilizes estuarine nurseries at high densities and 2) northern rock sole Lepidopsetta polyxystra, which occurs at lower densities in coastal nurseries and is known to exhibit DDHS. The pattern of DDHS was hypothesized to be similar in both species, but to initiate at higher densities and be less responsive to predation risk in English sole. Trials were conducted over eight density treatments (0.4, 0.8, 1.5, 3.0, 6.1, 12.2, 18.6, and 23.8 fish m(-2)), both with and without predation risk, and offered fish equal access to a preferred sand habitat and a less-preferred gravel habitat. Rock sole showed typical DDHS by increasing percentage use of the gravel habitat as conspecific density increased, with DDHS initiated at about 1.5 fish m(-2). English sole showed no DDHS: there was no relationship between percentage use of gravel habitat and conspecific density. Predation risk caused rock sole to significantly decrease gravel usage across all densities, but did not significantly change habitat selection for English sole. These results suggest that each species may be behaviorally adapted to the conspecific density and predation risk of their respective nursery habitats, and correspond well with the comparatively risk-prone behaviors of English sole. The relationship between nursery habitat and density-dependent behavior may be further understood by studies integrating factors such as turbidity, food resources and ontogeny. (C) 2011 Elsevier By. All rights reserved. C1 [Camp, Ariel L.] Hofstra Univ, Dept Biol, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA. [Ryer, Clifford H.; Laurel, Benjamin] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, NOAA Fisheries,Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Seals, Kelly] Maritime Aquarium Norwalk, Norwalk, CT 06854 USA. RP Camp, AL (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut, 80 Waterman St,Box G-W, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM ariel_camp@brown.edu OI Camp, Ariel/0000-0002-3355-4312 FU NSF REU; NPRB [R0710] FX We thank S. Haines and P. Iseri for assistance with specimen collection and transport as well as husbandry and experimental work. Additional husbandry and experimental assistance was provided by A. Colton, H. Reinhard and J. Unrein. Partial support for this project was provided by an NSF REU grant to Oregon State University and an NPRB grant (R0710) to Clifford Ryer, Benjamin Laurel, Allan Stoner and Thomas Hurst. [SS] NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JUL 31 PY 2011 VL 404 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2011.05.001 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 796KA UT WOS:000293049000002 ER PT J AU Temimi, M Lacava, T Lakhankar, T Tramutoli, V Ghedira, H Ata, R Khanbilvardi, R AF Temimi, Marouane Lacava, Teodosio Lakhankar, Tarendra Tramutoli, Valerio Ghedira, Hosni Ata, Riadh Khanbilvardi, Reza TI A multi-temporal analysis of AMSR-E data for flood and discharge monitoring during the 2008 flood in Iowa SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE flood; river discharge; soil moisture; passive microwave; Kalman filter ID PASSIVE MICROWAVE OBSERVATIONS; SOIL WETNESS VARIATIONS; AMAZON RIVER FLOODPLAIN; ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; 37 GHZ; POLARIZATION DIFFERENCE; DATA ASSIMILATION; INUNDATION AREA; DMSP-SSM/I; MOISTURE AB The objective of this work is to demonstrate the potential of using passive microwave data to monitor flood and discharge conditions and to infer watershed hydraulic and hydrologic parameters. The case study is the major flood in Iowa in summer 2008. A new Polarisation Ratio Variation Index (PRVI) was developed based on a multi-temporal analysis of 37 GHz satellite imagery from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) to calculate and detect anomalies in soil moisture and/or inundated areas. The Robust Satellite Technique (RST) which is a change detection approach based on the analysis of historical satellite records was adopted. A rating curve has been developed to assess the relationship between PRVI values and discharge observations downstream. A time-lag term has been introduced and adjusted to account for the changing delay between PRVI and streamflow. Moreover, the Kalman filter has been used to update the rating curve parameters in near real time. The temporal variability of the b exponent in the rating curve formula shows that it converges toward a constant value. A consistent 21-day time lag, very close to an estimate of the time of concentration, was obtained. The agreement between observed discharge downstream and estimated discharge with and without parameters adjustment was 65 and 95%, respectively. This demonstrates the interesting role that passive microwave can play in monitoring flooding and wetness conditions and estimating key hydrologic parameters. Copyright. (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Temimi, Marouane; Lakhankar, Tarendra; Khanbilvardi, Reza] CUNY, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Lacava, Teodosio] Natl Res Council CNR, Inst Methodol Environm Anal IMAA, Tito, PZ, Italy. [Tramutoli, Valerio] Univ Basilicata, Dept Engn & Phys Environm DIFA, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. [Ghedira, Hosni] Masdar Inst, Water & Environm Engn Program, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. Elect France EDF LNHE Natl Hydraul & Environm Lab, Chatou, France. RP Temimi, M (reprint author), CUNY, NOAA CREST, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM mtemimi@ccny.cuny.edu RI Lakhankar, Tarendra/F-9490-2011; Tramutoli, Valerio/E-6706-2011; lacava, teodosio/I-4357-2014 OI Lakhankar, Tarendra/0000-0002-4759-2141; Tramutoli, Valerio/0000-0003-3875-7909; lacava, teodosio/0000-0002-6732-4419 NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUL 30 PY 2011 VL 25 IS 16 BP 2623 EP 2634 DI 10.1002/hyp.8020 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 811HZ UT WOS:000294200800013 ER PT J AU Mayle, M Zeller, W Tezak, N Schmelcher, P AF Mayle, Michael Zeller, Wolfgang Tezak, Nikolas Schmelcher, Peter TI Rydberg-Rydberg interaction profile from the excitation dynamics of ultracold atoms in lattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL ATOMS; BLOCKADE AB We propose a method for the determination of the interaction potential of Rydberg atoms. Specifically, we consider a laser-driven Rydberg gas confined in a one-dimensional lattice and demonstrate that the Rydberg atom number after a laser excitation cycle as a function of the laser detuning provides a measure for the Rydberg interaction coefficient. With the lattice spacing precisely known, the proposed scheme only relies on the measurement of the number of Rydberg atoms and thus circumvents the necessity to map the interaction potential by varying the interparticle separation. C1 [Mayle, Michael] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mayle, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zeller, Wolfgang; Tezak, Nikolas; Schmelcher, Peter] Univ Hamburg, Zentrum Opt Quantentechnol, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. RP Mayle, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Mayle, Michael/A-2423-2009; Schmelcher, Peter/D-9592-2014 OI Schmelcher, Peter/0000-0002-2637-0937 FU German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) FX M.M. acknowledges financial support from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 29 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 1 AR 010701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.010701 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 799QJ UT WOS:000293300900001 ER PT J AU Ruehl, A Martin, MJ Cossel, KC Chen, LS McKay, H Thomas, B Benko, C Dong, L Dudley, JM Fermann, ME Hartl, I Ye, J AF Ruehl, Axel Martin, Michael J. Cossel, Kevin C. Chen, Lisheng McKay, Hugh Thomas, Brian Benko, Craig Dong, Liang Dudley, John M. Fermann, Martin E. Hartl, Ingmar Ye, Jun TI Ultrabroadband coherent supercontinuum frequency comb SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-FIBERS; PHOTONIC CRYSTAL; GENERATION; NOISE; LASER; STABILIZATION; CONTINUUM; LINEWIDTH; LOCKING AB We present detailed studies of the coherence properties of an ultrabroadband supercontinuum, enabled by a comprehensive approach involving continuous-wave laser sources to independently probe both the amplitude and phase noise quadratures across the entire spectrum. The continuum coherently spans more than 1.5 octaves, supporting Hz-level comparison of ultrastable lasers at 698 nm and 1.54 mu m. We present a complete numerical simulation of the accumulated comb coherence in the limit of many pulses, in contrast to the single-pulse level, with systematic experimental verification. The experiment and numerical simulations reveal the presence of quantum-seeded broadband amplitude noise without phase coherence degradation, including the discovery of a dependence of the supercontinuum coherence on the fiber fractional Raman gain. C1 [Ruehl, Axel; McKay, Hugh; Thomas, Brian; Dong, Liang; Fermann, Martin E.; Hartl, Ingmar] IMRA Amer Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Martin, Michael J.; Cossel, Kevin C.; Chen, Lisheng; Benko, Craig; Ye, Jun] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Martin, Michael J.; Cossel, Kevin C.; Chen, Lisheng; Benko, Craig; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dudley, John M.] Univ Franche Comte, CNRS, UMR 6174, Inst FEMTO ST, F-25030 Besancon, France. RP Ruehl, A (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Inst Lasers Life & Biophoton, Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM aruehl@few.vu.nl RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Benko, Craig/L-2678-2015; Dudley, John /D-3222-2011 OI Dudley, John /0000-0001-9520-9699 FU NIST; NSF; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX We acknowledge helpful discussions with R. Holzwarth and T. Wilken. This work was funded by the NIST and the NSF. L. Chen is currently at WIPM, China. A. Ruehl is supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 35 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 28 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 1 AR 011806 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.011806 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 832RB UT WOS:000295822700001 ER PT J AU Ho, DT Wanninkhof, R Schlosser, P Ullman, DS Hebert, D Sullivan, KF AF Ho, David T. Wanninkhof, Rik Schlosser, Peter Ullman, David S. Hebert, David Sullivan, Kevin F. TI Toward a universal relationship between wind speed and gas exchange: Gas transfer velocities measured with He-3/SF6 during the Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; SEA-WATER TRACERS; SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; SURFACE-WATER; DISPERSION; DIFFUSION; FLUX; CO2; COEFFICIENT; HPLC AB Two He-3/SF6 dual-gas tracer injections were conducted during the Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment (SO GasEx) to determine gas transfer velocities. During the experiment, wind speeds of up to 16.4 m s(-1) were encountered. A total of 360 He-3 and 598 SF6 samples were collected at 40 conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) rosette casts and two pumped stations. The gas transfer velocity k was calculated from the decrease in the observed He-3/SF6 ratio using three different approaches. Discrete points of wind speed and corresponding k were obtained from the change in He-3/SF6 ratio over three time intervals. The results were also evaluated using an analytical model and a 1-D numerical model. The results from the three approaches agreed within the error of the estimates of about +/- 13%-15% for Patch 1 and +/- 4% for Patch 2. Moreover, He-3/SF6 dual-tracer results from SO GasEx are similar to those from other areas in both the coastal and open ocean and are in agreement with existing parameterizations between wind speed and gas exchange. This suggests that wind forcing is the major driver of gas exchange for slightly soluble gases in the ocean and that other known impacts are either intrinsically related to wind or have a small effect (<20% on average) on time scales of the order of days to weeks. The functionality of the wind speed dependence (quadratic or cubic) cannot be unequivocally determined from SO GasEx results. C1 [Ho, David T.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wanninkhof, Rik; Sullivan, Kevin F.] NOAA, OCD, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Schlosser, Peter] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Schlosser, Peter] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA. [Schlosser, Peter] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY USA. [Ullman, David S.; Hebert, David] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Sullivan, Kevin F.] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Miami, FL USA. RP Ho, DT (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, 1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RI Ho, David/A-3154-2011; Schlosser, Peter/C-6416-2012 OI Ho, David/0000-0002-0944-6952; Schlosser, Peter/0000-0002-6514-4203 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA07OAR4310113, NA08OAR4310890, GC07-136, NA07OAR4310105] FX We acknowledge M. Reid and P. Schmieder for assistance with tracer injection, sampling, and measurement; S. Archer, G. Lebon, S. Purkey, and M. Rebozo for assistance during tracer injection; C. McNally for 3He extraction; R. Friedrich for 3He measurements; J. Edson for providing the ship wind speed data; H. Czerski, S. Eggleston, and L. Larsen for help with data processing; and J. Trinanes for providing the QuikSCAT data from http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/PRODUCTS/p286.html. Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through NA07OAR4310113 and NA08OAR4310890 (D.T.H. and P.S.), GC07-136 (R.W. and K.F.S.), and NA07OAR4310105 (D.H. and D.S.U.). This is LDEO contribution 7466. NR 41 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 45 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 28 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C00F04 DI 10.1029/2010JC006854 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 800DP UT WOS:000293340300004 ER PT J AU Patridge, CJ Jaye, C Abtew, TA Ravel, B Fischer, DA Marschilok, AC Zhang, PH Takeuchi, KJ Takeuchi, ES Banerjee, S AF Patridge, Christopher J. Jaye, Cherno Abtew, Tesfaye A. Ravel, Bruce Fischer, Daniel A. Marschilok, Amy C. Zhang, Peihong Takeuchi, Kenneth J. Takeuchi, Esther S. Banerjee, Sarbajit TI An X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study of the Cathodic Discharge of Ag2VO2PO4: Geometric and Electronic Structure Characterization of Intermediate phases and Mechanistic Insights SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; VANADIUM PHOSPHORUS OXIDE; TRANSITION-METAL OXIDES; INITIO DFT CLUSTER; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; INSERTION ELECTRODE; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; NEXAFS SPECTRA; ENERGY-STORAGE; FINE-STRUCTURE AB Bimetallic phosphorus oxides have emerged as attractive candidates for use as cathode materials in the next generation of lithium-based batteries owing to the operation of multielectron transfer processes and thermochemical stabilities conferred by the incorporation of phosphate groups. In particular silver vanadium phosphorus oxide, Ag2VO2PO4, shows a much desired in situ conductivity enhancement upon discharge resulting in inherently high power capability with minimal conductive additives needed. However, the amorphization of Ag2VO2PO4 during electrochemical discharge precludes the use of standard diffraction tools to monitor changes in the local electronic and geometric structure. Here, we have utilized a combination of V K-, V L-, Ag K-, and O K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy to determine the local vanadium and silver oxidation states, local coordination geometry, and Stoichiometry for Ag2VO2PO4 samples with varying extents of electrochemical lithiation. Soft X-ray V L- and O K-edge measurements provide a detailed orbital-Specific picture of changes in vanadium electronic structure upon discharge. C1 [Patridge, Christopher J.; Marschilok, Amy C.; Takeuchi, Kenneth J.; Takeuchi, Esther S.; Banerjee, Sarbajit] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Ravel, Bruce; Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Abtew, Tesfaye A.; Zhang, Peihong] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Marschilok, Amy C.; Takeuchi, Esther S.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Marschilok, Amy C.; Takeuchi, Esther S.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Takeuchi, Esther S.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Biomed Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Takeuchi, KJ (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM takeuchi@buffalo.edu; et23@buffalo.edu; sb244@buffalo.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Zhang, Peihong/D-2787-2012; Takeuchi, Esther/D-1825-2014; Marschilok, Amy/D-1821-2014 FU National Science Foundation [DMR 0847169, DMR-0946404]; American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund [50201DNI10]; U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science [DE-SC0002460] FX S.B. acknowledges partial support of this work from the National Science Foundation under DMR 0847169. S.B. also acknowledges the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund for support of this research through 50201DNI10. We acknowledge the computational support provided by the Center for Computational Research at the University at Buffalo, SUNY. P.Z. is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant DMR-0946404. E.S.T., K.J.T., and A.C.M. acknowledge the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science, Grant DE-SC0002460 for support related to the materials synthesis and electrochemical studies. Certain commercial names are presented in this manuscript for purposes of illustration and do not constitute an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The authors would also like to acknowledge K Tanzil for electrochemical test cell assembly. NR 57 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUL 28 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 29 BP 14437 EP 14447 DI 10.1021/jp203924w PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 794JP UT WOS:000292892500060 ER PT J AU Newman, M Shin, SI Alexander, MA AF Newman, Matthew Shin, Sang-Ik Alexander, Michael A. TI Natural variation in ENSO flavors SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; REANALYSIS; EVOLUTION; MODELS; IMPACT AB Using a multivariate, "patterns-based", red noise approach to 42 years of observed tropical SST, thermocline depth, and zonal wind stress seasonal anomalies, it is shown that natural random variations can account for the observed variability of Central Pacific (CP) and Eastern Pacific (EP) ENSO events. The recent multidecadal increase in the number of CP events relative to EP events, which has been hypothesized to be connected to anthropogenic change in the state of the ocean, is also found to be consistent with multivariate red noise and hence with stationary statistics. ENSO "flavors" are the consequence of differing combinations of two initially orthogonal spatial patterns that are precursors to CP or EP events of both signs. These precursors can be excited by random weather forcing and subsequently result in SST anomaly amplification primarily through surface or thermocline feedbacks, respectively. Citation: Newman, M., S.-I. Shin, and M. A. Alexander (2011), Natural variation in ENSO flavors, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L14705, doi:10.1029/2011GL047658. C1 [Newman, Matthew] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shin, Sang-Ik] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Newman, Matthew; Alexander, Michael A.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Newman, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM matt.newman@noaa.gov RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013; Newman, Matthew /F-8336-2010 OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427; Newman, Matthew /0000-0001-5348-2312 FU NOAA FX The authors thank an anonymous reviewer and N. Schneider for helpful comments. This work was partially supported by the NOAA OAR CVP Program. NR 35 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 27 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L14705 DI 10.1029/2011GL047658 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 800SD UT WOS:000293385800001 ER PT J AU Bender, PL AF Bender, Peter L. TI Comment on "Atomic gravitational wave interferometric sensor" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Editorial Material AB The use of laser interferometers for detecting and studying gravitational-wave signals from many types of astronomical sources is being pursued actively by a number of groups in different countries. However, it has been suggested recently that cooled atom clouds in atom interferometers could be used to replace the test masses in space-based gravitational-wave detectors and the end mirrors in ground-based detectors [S. Dimopoulos, P. W. Graham, J. M. Hogan, M. A. Kasevich, and S. Rajendran, Phys. Rev. D 78, 122002 (2008).]. Some new error sources that apparently have not been included in proposals of atom interferometer gravitational-wave detectors will be discussed in this comment. They are based on additional effects of aberrations in the laser wave fronts that interact with the atom clouds. C1 [Bender, Peter L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bender, Peter L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bender, PL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU NASA Goddard Space Flight Center [NNX09AD11G, NNX09AH05G, NNX10AJ35G] FX Information from many people concerning atom interferometry is appreciated. This work was supported by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center under the following Grants: NNX09AD11G, NNX09AH05G, and NNX10AJ35G. NR 5 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL 27 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 2 AR 028101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.84.028101 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 798DI UT WOS:000293182400005 ER PT J AU Waters, DJ Engberg, K Parke-Houben, R Ta, CN Jackson, AJ Toney, MF Frank, CW AF Waters, Dale J. Engberg, Kristin Parke-Houben, Rachel Ta, Christopher N. Jackson, Andrew J. Toney, Michael F. Frank, Curtis W. TI Structure and Mechanism of Strength Enhancement in Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogels SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID LINKED POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE CHAINS; COMPLEX-FORMING POLY(OXYETHYLENE); X-RAY-SCATTERING; POLY(ACRYLIC ACID); MODEL NETWORKS; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); ULTIMATE PROPERTIES; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; CRACK TIPS; GELS AB Hydrogels with high modulus and fracture strength are obtained by interpenetrating a tightly cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) network with a loosely crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) network. Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS/SANS) are used in conjunction with swelling measurements to determine the structure of PEG/PAA interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) and to measure the average PEG chain extension within the IPN. At pH 7.4, the PEG chains within the IPN are extended to 45-70% of their maximum achievable length as a result of expansion of the ionized PAA network within the IPN. Near these high extension ratios, the force required to further strain the PEG chains is increased due to the entropic effects of finite chain extensibility. This leads to PEG/PAA IPN hydrogels with a 3-fold increase in both compressive modulus and fracture strength compared to PEG single networks with the same polymer volume fraction. The structure, mechanical properties, and mechanisms of strength enhancement for PEG/PAA IPN hydrogels are notably different than for the high toughness double-network hydrogels previously described by Gong et al. C1 [Waters, Dale J.; Engberg, Kristin; Parke-Houben, Rachel; Frank, Curtis W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ta, Christopher N.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Jackson, Andrew J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jackson, Andrew J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Frank, CW (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 381 North South Mall,Stauffer 3, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM Curt.Frank@stanford.edu RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008 OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01 EY016987-03]; NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce [70NANB7H6178] FX The authors acknowledge the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant R01 EY016987-03 for funding. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL), a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The authors thank John Pople at SSRL for assistance with SAXS measurements on beamline 1-4 and Anne Martel and Thomas Weiss at SSRL for assistance with measurements on beamline 4-2. Dr. Jackson thanks NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce for support under cooperative agreement 70NANB7H6178. The authors thank Boualem Hammouda at the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) and Prof. Andrew Spakowitz at Stanford University for helpful discussions. NR 44 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 69 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 26 PY 2011 VL 44 IS 14 BP 5776 EP 5787 DI 10.1021/ma200693e PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 793UT UT WOS:000292850100030 ER PT J AU He, MX Hogue, TS Franz, KJ Margulis, SA Vrugt, JA AF He, Minxue Hogue, Terri S. Franz, Kristie J. Margulis, Steven A. Vrugt, Jasper A. TI Corruption of parameter behavior and regionalization by model and forcing data errors: A Bayesian example using the SNOW17 model SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; TELEMETRY SNOTEL DATA; ENERGY-BALANCE MODEL; DATA ASSIMILATION; HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; WATER EQUIVALENT; UNCERTAINTY ASSESSMENT; AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION; METROPOLIS ALGORITHM AB The current study evaluates the impacts of various sources of uncertainty involved in hydrologic modeling on parameter behavior and regionalization utilizing different Bayesian likelihood functions and the Differential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis (DREAM) algorithm. The developed likelihood functions differ in their underlying assumptions and treatment of error sources. We apply the developed method to a snow accumulation and ablation model (National Weather Service SNOW17) and generate parameter ensembles to predict snow water equivalent (SWE). Observational data include precipitation and air temperature forcing along with SWE measurements from 24 sites with diverse hydroclimatic characteristics. A multiple linear regression model is used to construct regionalization relationships between model parameters and site characteristics. Results indicate that model structural uncertainty has the largest influence on SNOW17 parameter behavior. Precipitation uncertainty is the second largest source of uncertainty, showing greater impact at wetter sites. Measurement uncertainty in SWE tends to have little impact on the final model parameters and resulting SWE predictions. Considering all sources of uncertainty, parameters related to air temperature and snowfall fraction exhibit the strongest correlations to site characteristics. Parameters related to the length of the melting period also show high correlation to site characteristics. Finally, model structural uncertainty and precipitation uncertainty dramatically alter parameter regionalization relationships in comparison to cases where only uncertainty in model parameters or output measurements is considered. Our results demonstrate that accurate treatment of forcing, parameter, model structural, and calibration data errors is critical for deriving robust regionalization relationships. C1 [He, Minxue; Hogue, Terri S.; Margulis, Steven A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [He, Minxue] Riverside Technol Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Franz, Kristie J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Vrugt, Jasper A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Vrugt, Jasper A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Vrugt, Jasper A.] Univ Amsterdam, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP He, MX (reprint author), NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, 1325 E W Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM thogue@seas.ucla.edu RI Franz, Kristie/B-1554-2012; Vrugt, Jasper/C-3660-2008 OI Franz, Kristie/0000-0002-3700-6321; FU National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Weather Service [NA07NWS4620013]; UCLA; Los Alamos National Laboratory FX We would like to thank Pedro Restrepo, Dong-June Seo, and Yuqiong Liu for their suggestions and advice on the development of this work. This research was partially supported by a grant from the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Weather Service (NA07NWS4620013) and by a UCLA Graduate Division Fellowship. The work of the last author was supported by a J. Robert Oppenheimer Fellowship from the Los Alamos National Laboratory Post-doctoral Program. We would also like to thank Newsha Ajami and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on an earlier version of this paper. NR 86 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 26 PY 2011 VL 47 AR W07546 DI 10.1029/2010WR009753 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 800IN UT WOS:000293353100001 ER PT J AU da Luz, MS Neumeier, JJ dos Santos, CAM White, BD Izario, HJ Leao, JB Huang, Q AF da Luz, M. S. Neumeier, J. J. dos Santos, C. A. M. White, B. D. Izario Filho, H. J. Leao, J. B. Huang, Q. TI Neutron diffraction study of quasi-one-dimensional lithium purple bronze: Possible mechanism for dimensional crossover SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; LI0.9MO6O17 AB The crystallographic structure of quasi-one-dimensional lithium purple bronze (LPB) was investigated using neutron powder diffraction (NPD) at temperatures T in the range 5 < T < 295 K. It has a monoclinic symmetry with space group P2(1)/m, the lattice parameters at 295 K are a = 12.7530(4) angstrom, b = 5.5239(1) angstrom, c = 9.4909(2) angstrom, and beta = 90.588(2)degrees. The sample stoichiometry was determined, through chemical analysis and refinement of the NPD data, to be Li(0.924)Mo(6)O(17). The linear thermal expansion of the lattice parameters agrees with previously reported high-resolution dilatometry measurements. The bond-valence-sum method was applied to calculate the valence of each Mo ion as a function of T, which allows discussion of the mechanism by which charge is transferred between the double one-dimensional conducting chains. C1 [da Luz, M. S.; Neumeier, J. J.; dos Santos, C. A. M.; White, B. D.] Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [dos Santos, C. A. M.; Izario Filho, H. J.] Escola Engn Lorena USP, BR-12602810 Lorena, SP, Brazil. [Leao, J. B.; Huang, Q.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Fed Triangulo Mineiro UFTM, Inst Ciencias Tecnol & Exatas, BR-38025180 Uberaba, MG, Brazil. RP da Luz, MS (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, POB 173840, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; dos Santos, Carlos/C-1619-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG-06ER46269]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0504769, DMR-0907036]; FAPESP [2009/14524-6]; CNPq [301334/2007-2, 490182/2009-7] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DE-FG-06ER46269), the National Science Foundation (DMR-0504769 and DMR-0907036), FAPESP (2009/14524-6), and CNPq (301334/2007-2 and 490182/2009-7). The authors thank Judith Stalick for her gracious assistance with the data files, and Christopher Ling for answering numerous questions regarding GSAS. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 26 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 1 AR 014108 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.014108 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 797KZ UT WOS:000293127900002 ER PT J AU Hoffman, AJ Srinivasan, SJ Schmidt, S Spietz, L Aumentado, J Tureci, HE Houck, AA AF Hoffman, A. J. Srinivasan, S. J. Schmidt, S. Spietz, L. Aumentado, J. Tuereci, H. E. Houck, A. A. TI Dispersive Photon Blockade in a Superconducting Circuit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL CAVITY; ONE-ATOM; QUANTUM; NONLINEARITY; GENERATION; ARRAYS; STATES; LIGHT AB Mediated photon-photon interactions are realized in a superconducting coplanar waveguide cavity coupled to a superconducting charge qubit. These nonresonant interactions blockade the transmission of photons through the cavity. This so-called dispersive photon blockade is characterized by measuring the total transmitted power while varying the energy spectrum of the photons incident on the cavity. A staircase with four distinct steps is observed and can be understood in an analogy with electron transport and the Coulomb blockade in quantum dots. This work differs from previous efforts in that the cavity-qubit excitations retain a photonic nature rather than a hybridization of qubit and photon and provides the needed tolerance to disorder for future condensed matter experiments. C1 [Hoffman, A. J.; Srinivasan, S. J.; Tuereci, H. E.; Houck, A. A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Schmidt, S.] ETH, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Spietz, L.; Aumentado, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hoffman, AJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Aumentado, Jose/C-2231-2009; Hoffman, Anthony/Q-5703-2016 OI Aumentado, Jose/0000-0001-5581-1466; Hoffman, Anthony/0000-0002-2166-8830 FU NSF [DMR-0953475, DMR-0819860]; Sloan Foundation; Packard Foundation; NSA; Swiss NSF [IZK0Z2_134286] FX The authors acknowledge fruitful discussions with Jens Koch, David Schuster, G. Blatter, and A. Imamoglu. The Princeton work was supported by a NSF CAREER Award (Grant No. DMR-0953475), the Sloan Foundation, the Packard Foundation, the NSF Funded Princeton Center for Complex Materials (Grant No. DMR-0819860). Work at NIST was funded by the NSA. S. S. thanks the Princeton Center for Theoretical Science (PCTS) for its hospitality and acknowledges support from the Swiss NSF under Grant No. IZK0Z2_134286. NR 30 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 26 PY 2011 VL 107 IS 5 AR 053602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.053602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 797MP UT WOS:000293132300003 PM 21867068 ER PT J AU Xu, HT Taylor, JM AF Xu, Haitan Taylor, J. M. TI Unified approach to topological quantum computation with anyons: From qubit encoding to Toffoli gate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NON-ABELIAN STATISTICS; HALL STATES; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; UNIVERSAL AB Topological quantum computation may provide a robust approach for encoding and manipulating information utilizing the topological properties of anyonic quasiparticle excitations. We develop an efficient means to map between dense and sparse representations of quantum information (qubits) and a simple construction of multiqubit gates, for all anyon models from Chern-Simons-Witten SU(2)(k) theory that support universal quantum computation by braiding (k >= 3, k not equal 4). In the process, we show how the constructions of topological quantum memory and gates for k = 2,4 connect naturally to those for k >= 3, k not equal 4, unifying these concepts in a simple framework. Furthermore, we illustrate potential extensions of these ideas to other anyon models outside of Chern-Simons-Witten field theory. C1 [Xu, Haitan] Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Xu, HT (reprint author), Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Xu, Haitan/K-4137-2012; Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594 FU NSF through the JQI Physics Frontier Center FX The authors wish to thank L. Hormozi and P. Bonderson for helpful discussions. This work was partially supported by the NSF through the JQI Physics Frontier Center. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 26 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 1 AR 012332 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.012332 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 797KR UT WOS:000293126900007 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Faraone, A Kamitakahara, WA Liu, KH Mou, CY Leao, JB Chang, S Chen, SH AF Zhang, Yang Faraone, Antonio Kamitakahara, William A. Liu, Kao-Hsiang Mou, Chung-Yuan Leao, Juscelino B. Chang, Sung Chen, Sow-Hsin TI Density hysteresis of heavy water confined in a nanoporous silica matrix SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE confined water; equation of state; liquid-liquid critical phenomenon ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; STRONG LIQUID TRANSITION; SUPERCOOLED WATER; GLASS-TRANSITION; PHASE-DIAGRAM; AMORPHOUS ICE; HYDROPHILIC SURFACES; DYNAMIC CROSSOVER; CRITICAL-POINT; PORE-SIZE AB A neutron scattering technique was developed to measure the density of heavy water confined in a nanoporous silica matrix in a temperature-pressure range, from 300 to 130 K and from 1 to 2,900 bars, where bulk water will crystalize. We observed a prominent hysteresis phenomenon in the measured density profiles between warming and cooling scans above 1,000 bars. We interpret this hysteresis phenomenon as support (although not a proof) of the hypothetical existence of a first-order liquid-liquid phase transition of water that would exist in the macroscopic system if crystallization could be avoided in the relevant phase region. Moreover, the density data we obtained for the confined heavy water under these conditions are valuable to large communities in biology and earth and planetary sciences interested in phenomena in which nanometer-sized water layers are involved. C1 [Zhang, Yang; Chen, Sow-Hsin] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Zhang, Yang] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, Yang] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Neutron Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Faraone, Antonio; Kamitakahara, William A.; Leao, Juscelino B.; Chang, Sung] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Faraone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Kao-Hsiang; Mou, Chung-Yuan] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Chem, Taipei 106, Taiwan. RP Chen, SH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM sowhsin@mit.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Zhang, Yang/A-7975-2012; OI Zhang, Yang/0000-0002-7339-8342; MOU, CHUNG-YUAN/0000-0001-7060-9899 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-90ER45429]; Taiwan National Science Council at National Taiwan University [NSC96-2739-M-213-001]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX The authors appreciate the efforts of Terrence J. Udovic for his assistance on performing the FANS experiment. The authors are indebted to the in-depth discussions of the content of this paper with Professors David Chandler, H. Eugene Stanley, and Pablo G. Debenedetti. Y.Z. acknowledges the support from the Clifford G. Shull fellowship at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology is supported by Department of Energy Grant DE-FG02-90ER45429, at National Taiwan University by Taiwan National Science Council Grant NSC96-2739-M-213-001. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0454672. We acknowledge the support of NIST, US Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. Identification of a commercial product does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the NIST, nor does it imply that the product is necessarily the best for the stated purpose. NR 69 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 30 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 26 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 30 BP 12206 EP 12211 DI 10.1073/pnas.1100238108 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 797LS UT WOS:000293129900010 PM 21746898 ER PT J AU Koren, I Feingold, G AF Koren, Ilan Feingold, Graham TI Aerosol-cloud-precipitation system as a predator-prey problem SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE aerosol-cloud-climate interactions; dynamical systems; emergence; self-organization; attractors ID MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MICROPHYSICS; POLLUTION; DRIZZLE; ALBEDO AB We show that the aerosol-cloud-precipitation system exhibits characteristics of the predator-prey problem in the field of population dynamics. Both a detailed large eddy simulation of the dynamics and microphysics of a precipitating shallow boundary layer cloud system and a simpler model built upon basic physical principles, reproduce predator-prey behavior with rain acting as the predator and cloud as the prey. The aerosol is shown to modulate the predator-prey response. Steady-state solution to the proposed model shows the known existence of bistability in cloudiness. Three regimes are identified in the time-dependent solutions: (i) the weakly precipitating regime where cloud and rain coexist in a quasi steady state; (ii) the moderately drizzling regime where limit-cycle behavior in the cloud and rain fields is produced; and (iii) the heavily precipitating clouds where collapse of the boundary layer is predicted. The manifestation of predator-prey behavior in the aerosol-cloud-precipitation system is a further example of the self-organizing properties of the system and suggests that exploiting principles of population dynamics may help reduce complex aerosol-cloud-rain interactions to a more tractable problem. C1 [Feingold, Graham] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80523 USA. [Koren, Ilan] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Feingold, G (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80523 USA. EM graham.feingold@noaa.gov RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Koren, Ilan/K-1417-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Koren, Ilan/0000-0001-6759-6265; FU NOAA's Climate Goal; Israel Science Foundation [1172/10]; Minerva Foundation [780048] FX This work was supported by NOAA's Climate Goal and in part by the Israel Science Foundation (Grant # 1172/10) and the Minerva Foundation (780048). The satellite image (Fig. 1) is courtesy of the NASA/MODIS team. NR 30 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 28 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 26 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 30 BP 12227 EP 12232 DI 10.1073/pnas.1101777108 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 797LS UT WOS:000293129900014 PM 21742979 ER PT J AU Davanco, M Rakher, MT Schuh, D Badolato, A Srinivasan, K AF Davanco, M. Rakher, M. T. Schuh, D. Badolato, A. Srinivasan, K. TI A circular dielectric grating for vertical extraction of single quantum dot emission SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTON SOURCE; MICROCAVITIES AB We demonstrate a nanostructure composed of partially etched annular trenches in a suspended GaAs membrane, designed for efficient and moderately broadband (approximate to 5 nm) emission extraction from single InAs quantum dots. Simulations indicate that a dipole embedded in the nanostructure center radiates upward into free space with a nearly Gaussian far field, allowing a collection efficiency >80% with a high numerical aperture (NA = 0.7) optic and with approximate to 12x Purcell radiative rate enhancement. Fabricated devices exhibit a approximate to 10% photon collection efficiency with a NA = 0.42 objective, a 20x improvement over quantum dots in unpatterned GaAs. A fourfold exciton lifetime reduction indicates moderate Purcell enhancement. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3615051] C1 [Davanco, M.; Rakher, M. T.; Srinivasan, K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davanco, M.] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Schuh, D.] Univ Regensburg, Inst Expt & Appl Phys, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. [Badolato, A.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Davanco, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mdavanco@nist.gov RI Rakher, Matthew/C-2287-2011; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Badolato, Antonio/E-9778-2015 OI Rakher, Matthew/0000-0002-4490-4197; FU NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter FX The authors acknowledge the help of Robert Hoyt. This work has been partly supported by the NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter Cooperative Agreement. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 25 PY 2011 VL 99 IS 4 AR 041102 DI 10.1063/1.3615051 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 801YC UT WOS:000293475500002 ER PT J AU Feng, G Wu, HC Feng, JF Coey, JMD AF Feng, G. Wu, H. C. Feng, J. F. Coey, J. M. D. TI Temperature dependent coercivity crossover in pseudo-spin-valve magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular anisotropy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CO/PT MULTILAYERS; BIAS AB We report the temperature dependent collapse of tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) in perpendicular anisotropy magnetic tunnel junctions (pMTJs) with AlO(x) barriers and (Co/Pt)(3) multilayer electrodes, due to the coercivity crossover of the top and bottom (Co/Pt)(3) stacks. The different temperature dependence of two (Co/Pt)(3) stacks in pMTJs is mainly caused by the additional perpendicular anisotropy created at interface between the ferromagnetic electrode and the AlO(x) barrier. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3614000] C1 [Feng, G.; Wu, H. C.; Feng, J. F.; Coey, J. M. D.] Trinity Coll Dublin, CRANN, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Feng, G.; Wu, H. C.; Feng, J. F.; Coey, J. M. D.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Feng, G.] NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Feng, G (reprint author), Trinity Coll Dublin, CRANN, Dublin 2, Ireland. EM gen.feng@nist.gov; wuhc@tcd.ie RI Feng, Jiafeng/C-4772-2009; Feng, Gen/A-4253-2011; Wu, Han-Chun/H-3124-2011 OI Feng, Jiafeng/0000-0001-9535-6912; Feng, Gen/0000-0001-7263-5150; Wu, Han-Chun/0000-0003-0293-9022 FU Irish Government [2005/IN/1850] FX This work was supported by SFI as part of the MANSE project 2005/IN/1850 and was conducted under the framework of the INSPIRE programme funded by the Irish Government's Programme for Research in Third Level Institutions, Cycle 4, National Development Plan 2007-2013. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 25 PY 2011 VL 99 IS 4 AR 042502 DI 10.1063/1.3614000 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 801YC UT WOS:000293475500041 ER PT J AU Shiga, N Itano, WM Bollinger, JJ AF Shiga, N. Itano, W. M. Bollinger, J. J. TI Diamagnetic correction to the Be-9(+) ground-state hyperfine constant SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY STANDARD; NUCLEAR-STRUCTURE; MAGNETIC-MOMENTS; PENNING TRAP; SPECTROSCOPY; SHIFT; IONS; QUADRUPOLE; CRYSTALS; PLASMAS AB We report an experimental determination of the diamagnetic correction to the Be-9(+) ground state hyperfine constant A. We measured A = -625 008 837.371(11) Hz at a magnetic field B of 4.4609 T. Comparison with previous results, obtained at lower values of B (0.68 T and 0.82 T), yields the diamagnetic shift coefficient k = 2.63(18) x 10(-11) T-2, where A(B) = A(0)(1 + kB(2)). The zero-field hyperfine constant A0 is determined to be -625 008 837.044(12) Hz. The g-factor ratio g(I)'/g(J) is determined to be 2.134 779 852 7(10) x 10(-4), which is equal to the value measured at lower B to within experimental error. Upper limits are placed on some other corrections to the Breit-Rabi formula. The measured value of k agrees with theoretical estimates. C1 [Shiga, N.; Itano, W. M.; Bollinger, J. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shiga, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, 4-2-1 Nukuikitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. EM shiga@nict.go.jp; itano@boulder.nist.gov FU Department of Defense Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative FX This article is a contribution of the US government, not subject to US copyright. N.S. was supported by a Department of Defense Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative administered by the Office of Naval Research. We thank S. J. Lipson for providing an early estimate of k for 9Be+. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 22 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 1 AR 012510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.012510 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 795VE UT WOS:000293003700005 ER PT J AU Aluri, GS Motayed, A Davydov, AV Oleshko, VP Bertness, KA Sanford, NA Rao, MV AF Aluri, Geetha S. Motayed, Abhishek Davydov, Albert V. Oleshko, Vladimir P. Bertness, Kris A. Sanford, Norman A. Rao, Mulpuri V. TI Highly selective GaN-nanowire/TiO2-nanocluster hybrid sensors for detection of benzene and related environment pollutants SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR GAS SENSORS; CHEMICAL SENSORS; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; SURFACE-FUNCTIONALIZATION; PHOTOCATALYTIC OXIDATION; SENSING MATERIALS; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; CARBON NANOTUBES; TIO2 SURFACES; TIO2(110) AB Nanowire-nanocluster hybrid chemical sensors were realized by functionalizing gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires (NWs) with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoclusters for selectively sensing benzene and other related aromatic compounds. Hybrid sensor devices were developed by fabricating two-terminal devices using individual GaN NWs followed by the deposition of TiO2 nanoclusters using RF magnetron sputtering. The sensor fabrication process employed standard microfabrication techniques. X-ray diffraction and high-resolution analytical transmission electron microscopy using energy-dispersive x-ray and electron energy-loss spectroscopies confirmed the presence of the anatase phase in TiO2 clusters after post-deposition anneal at 700 degrees C. A change of current was observed for these hybrid sensors when exposed to the vapors of aromatic compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and chlorobenzene mixed with air) under UV excitation, while they had no response to non-aromatic organic compounds such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, chloroform, acetone and 1,3-hexadiene. The sensitivity range for the noted aromatic compounds except chlorobenzene were from 1% down to 50 parts per billion (ppb) at room temperature. By combining the enhanced catalytic properties of the TiO2 nanoclusters with the sensitive transduction capability of the nanowires, an ultra-sensitive and selective chemical sensing architecture is demonstrated. We have proposed a mechanism that could qualitatively explain the observed sensing behavior. C1 [Aluri, Geetha S.; Motayed, Abhishek; Davydov, Albert V.; Oleshko, Vladimir P.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Aluri, Geetha S.; Rao, Mulpuri V.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Motayed, Abhishek] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bertness, Kris A.; Sanford, Norman A.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Motayed, A (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amotayed@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Aluri, Geetha/D-3959-2012; Oleshko, Vladimir/A-6250-2014 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; Oleshko, Vladimir/0000-0003-0538-2354 FU NSF [ECCS-0901712]; NIST [SB134110SE0579] FX The GMU portion of this work was supported by the NSF under ECCS-0901712 grant. VPO gratefully acknowledges the support from the NIST (contract SB134110SE0579). We thank Dr Kurt Benkstein of NIST for sharing his design for the gas sensing set-up. We thank Dr Sergiy Krylyuk of NIST for his assistance with the gas sensing set-up. The nanowire devices were fabricated at the NanoFab clean room of the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. NR 65 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 70 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JUL 22 PY 2011 VL 22 IS 29 AR 295503 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/22/29/295503 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 780PR UT WOS:000291871200018 PM 21673385 ER PT J AU Sergeev, VA Tsyganenko, NA Smirnov, MV Nikolaev, AV Singer, HJ Baumjohann, W AF Sergeev, V. A. Tsyganenko, N. A. Smirnov, M. V. Nikolaev, A. V. Singer, H. J. Baumjohann, W. TI Magnetic effects of the substorm current wedge in a "spread-out wire" model and their comparison with ground, geosynchronous, and tail lobe data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT SYSTEMS; FIELD; MAGNETOSPHERE; SIGNATURES AB Although the substorm current wedge (SCW) is recognized as a basic 3-D current system of the substorm expansion phase, its existing models still do not extend beyond a cartoon-like sketch, and very little is known of how well they reproduce magnetic variations observed in the magnetosphere during substorms. A lack of a realistic quantitative SCW model hampers testing model predictions against large sets of spacecraft data. This paper (1) presents a computationally efficient and flexible model with a realistic geometry of field-aligned currents, conveniently parameterized by the SCW strength, longitudinal width, and position, all derived from ground-based midlatitude magnetic variations; and (2) tests the model against INTERMAGNET network observations during substorms and compares its predictions with space magnetometer data. The testing demonstrated significant and systematic discrepancies between the observed and predicted magnetic variations, depending on spacecraft location, concurrent magnetotail configuration, and substorm phase. In particular, we found that the net SCW current derived from the midlatitude field variations corresponds to only a relatively small and variable fraction of the distant 3-D substorm current, inferred from spacecraft data in the lobe and at geosynchronous distance. The discrepancy can be partly attributed to additional region 2 polarity field-aligned currents in the same longitudinal sector, associated with azimuthal diversion of the earthward plasma flow when it encounters the region of strong quasi-dipolar field in the inner magnetosphere. C1 [Sergeev, V. A.; Tsyganenko, N. A.; Smirnov, M. V.; Nikolaev, A. V.] St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Earth Phys, Petrodvorets 198504, Russia. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Baumjohann, W.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria. RP Sergeev, VA (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Earth Phys, Petrodvorets 198504, Russia. EM victor@geo.phys.spbu.ru RI Baumjohann, Wolfgang/A-1012-2010; Tsyganenko, Nikolai/J-7377-2012; Nikolaev, Alexander/M-8355-2016; Sergeev, Victor/H-1173-2013 OI Baumjohann, Wolfgang/0000-0001-6271-0110; Tsyganenko, Nikolai/0000-0002-5938-1579; Nikolaev, Alexander/0000-0001-5558-9615; Sergeev, Victor/0000-0002-4569-9631 FU SPSU; EU (ECLAT) FX We greatly acknowledge the INTERMAGNET project for making publicly available their magnetic network observations and Sergey Apatenkov for help with data processing. The SPSU team is thankful for support from an SPSU grant and an EU grant (ECLAT). V.A.S. thanks the ISSI team "The Substorm Current Wedge" for useful discussions. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 21 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A07218 DI 10.1029/2011JA016471 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 796ZE UT WOS:000293091200007 ER PT J AU Borreguero, JM He, JH Meilleur, F Weiss, KL Brown, CM Myles, DA Herwig, KW Agarwal, PK AF Borreguero, Jose M. He, Junhong Meilleur, F. Weiss, Kevin L. Brown, Craig M. Myles, Dean A. Herwig, Kenneth W. Agarwal, Pratul K. TI Redox-Promoting Protein Motions in Rubredoxin SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; COLI DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE; METHYL-GROUP DYNAMICS; BOSON-PEAK; ENZYME CATALYSIS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ENERGY LANDSCAPE; HYDRATION WATER; HYPERTHERMOPHILE RUBREDOXIN AB Proteins are dynamic objects, constantly undergoing conformational fluctuations, yet the linkage between internal protein motion and function is widely debated. This study reports on the characterization of temperature-activated collective and individual atomic motions of oxidized rubredoxin, a small 53 residue protein from thermophilic Pyrococcus furiosus (RdPf). Computational modeling allows detailed investigations of protein motions as a function of temperature, and neutron scattering experiments are used to compare to computational results. Just above the dynamical transition temperature which marks the onset of significant anharmonic motions of the protein, the computational simulations show both a significant reorientation of the average electrostatic force experienced by the coordinated Fe(3+) ion and a dramatic rise in its strength. At higher temperatures, additional anharmonic modes become activated and dominate the electrostatic fluctuations experienced by the ion. At 360 K dose to the optimal growth temperature of P. furiosus, simulations show that three anharmonic modes including motions of two conserved residues located at the protein active site (Ile7 and Ile40) give rise to the majority of the electrostatic fluctuations experienced by the Fe(3+) ion. The motions of these residues undergo displacements which may facilitate solvent access to the ion. C1 [Borreguero, Jose M.; He, Junhong; Meilleur, F.; Weiss, Kevin L.; Myles, Dean A.; Herwig, Kenneth W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Meilleur, F.] N Carolina State Univ, Mol & Struct Biochem Dept, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Agarwal, Pratul K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Borreguero, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, POB 2008,MS 6164, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM borreguerojm@ornl.gov; herwigkw@ornl.gov RI Herwig, Kenneth/F-4787-2011; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Weiss, Kevin/I-4669-2013; Borreguero, Jose/B-2446-2009; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; myles, dean/D-5860-2016 OI Weiss, Kevin/0000-0002-6486-8007; Borreguero, Jose/0000-0002-0866-8158; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; myles, dean/0000-0002-7693-4964 FU ORNL's LDRD fund; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; National Science, Foundation [DMR-0454672]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; ORNL Center for Structural Molecular Biology by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX We thank Dr. Arvind Ramanathan for his help in the making of Figure 5. J.M.B., J.H., and P.K.A. acknowledge the financial support by ORNL's LDRD fund. This research used resources of the National Center for Computational Sciences ORNL under the Director's Discretionary allocation (project: BIP003), which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science, Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. K.W.H. acknowledges the support of the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. This work also benefited from the support of the ORNL Center for Structural Molecular Biology by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, using facilities supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract no. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 75 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 21 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 28 BP 8925 EP 8936 DI 10.1021/jp201346x PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 794JU UT WOS:000292893200013 PM 21608980 ER PT J AU Teufel, JD Donner, T Li, DL Harlow, JW Allman, MS Cicak, K Sirois, AJ Whittaker, JD Lehnert, KW Simmonds, RW AF Teufel, J. D. Donner, T. Li, Dale Harlow, J. W. Allman, M. S. Cicak, K. Sirois, A. J. Whittaker, J. D. Lehnert, K. W. Simmonds, R. W. TI Sideband cooling of micromechanical motion to the quantum ground state SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL RESONATOR; BACK-ACTION; CAVITY; AMPLIFICATION; OSCILLATOR; TRANSDUCER; NOISE; LIMIT AB The advent of laser cooling techniques revolutionized the study of many atomic-scale systems, fuelling progress towards quantum computing with trapped ions(1) and generating new states of matter with Bose-Einstein condensates(2). Analogous cooling techniques(3,4) can provide a general and flexible method of preparing macroscopic objects in their motional ground state. Cavity optomechanical or electromechanical systems achieve sideband cooling through the strong interaction between light and motion(5-15). However, entering the quantum regime-in which a system has less than a single quantum of motion-has been difficult because sideband cooling has not sufficiently overwhelmed the coupling of low-frequency mechanical systems to their hot environments. Here we demonstrate sideband cooling of an approximately 10-MHz micromechanical oscillator to the quantum ground state. This achievement required a large electromechanical interaction, which was obtained by embedding a micromechanical membrane into a superconducting microwave resonant circuit. To verify the cooling of the membrane motion to a phonon occupation of 0.34 +/- 0.05 phonons, we perform a near Heisenberg-limited position measurement(3) within (5.1 +/- 0.4)h/2 pi, where h is Planck's constant. Furthermore, our device exhibits strong coupling, allowing coherent exchange of microwave photons and mechanical phonons(16). Simultaneously achieving strong coupling, ground state preparation and efficient measurement sets the stage for rapid advances in the control and detection of non-classical states of motion(17,18), possibly even testing quantum theory itself in the unexplored region of larger size and mass(19). Because mechanical oscillators can couple to light of any frequency, they could also serve as a unique intermediary for transferring quantum information between microwave and optical domains(20). C1 [Teufel, J. D.; Li, Dale; Allman, M. S.; Cicak, K.; Sirois, A. J.; Whittaker, J. D.; Simmonds, R. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Donner, T.; Harlow, J. W.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Donner, T.; Harlow, J. W.; Lehnert, K. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Donner, T.; Harlow, J. W.; Allman, M. S.; Sirois, A. J.; Whittaker, J. D.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Teufel, JD (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.teufel@nist.gov RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009; Teufel, John/A-8898-2010; Allman, Michael/E-5922-2011; Donner, Tobias/A-2845-2011 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649; Teufel, John/0000-0002-1873-9941; Donner, Tobias/0000-0001-7016-587X FU NIST; DARPA; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschft (DFG) FX We thank A. W. Sanders for taking the micrograph in Fig. 1 and the JILA instrument shop for fabrication and design of the cavity filter. This work was supported by NIST and the DARPA QuASAR programme. T. D. acknowledges support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschft (DFG). This Letter is a contribution of the US government and not subject to copyright. NR 30 TC 725 Z9 726 U1 17 U2 172 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 21 PY 2011 VL 475 IS 7356 BP 359 EP 363 DI 10.1038/nature10261 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 794PA UT WOS:000292911200038 PM 21734657 ER PT J AU Home, JP Hanneke, D Jost, JD Leibfried, D Wineland, DJ AF Home, J. P. Hanneke, D. Jost, J. D. Leibfried, D. Wineland, D. J. TI Normal modes of trapped ions in the presence of anharmonic trap potentials SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM INFORMATION; MULTIPARTICLE ENTANGLEMENT; ATOMIC IONS; COMPUTATION; DYNAMICS; STATES; DECOHERENCE; SEPARATION AB We theoretically and experimentally examine the effects of anharmonic terms in the trapping potential for linear chains of trapped ions. We concentrate on two different effects that become significant at different levels of anharmonicity. The first is a modification of the oscillation frequencies and amplitudes of the ions' normal modes of vibration for multi-ion crystals, resulting from each ion experiencing a different curvature in the potential. In the second effect, which occurs with increased anharmonicity or higher excitation amplitude, amplitude-dependent shifts of the normal-mode frequencies become important. We evaluate normal-mode frequency and amplitude shifts, and comment on the implications for quantum information processing and quantum state engineering. Since the ratio of the anharmonic to harmonic terms typically increases as the ion-electrode distance decreases, anharmonic effects will become more significant as ion trap sizes are reduced. To avoid unwanted problems, anharmonicities should therefore be taken into account at the design stage of trap development. C1 [Home, J. P.; Hanneke, D.; Jost, J. D.; Leibfried, D.; Wineland, D. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Home, JP (reprint author), ETH, Inst Quantum Elect, Schafmattstr 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM jhome@phys.ethz.ch OI Home, Jonathan/0000-0002-4093-1550 FU IARPA; NSA; DARPA; ONR; NIST FX This work was supported by IARPA, NSA, DARPA, ONR and the NIST Quantum Information Program. We thank Christian Ospelkaus for details of the surface-electrode trap and the use of figure 7. We thank John Gaebler and Ulrich Warring for comments on the manuscript. This manuscript is a contribution by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and is not subject to US copyright. NR 77 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JUL 20 PY 2011 VL 13 AR 073026 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/13/7/073026 PG 25 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 807HD UT WOS:000293886200001 ER PT J AU Garg, S Porcar, L Woodka, AC Butler, PD Perez-Salas, U AF Garg, S. Porcar, L. Woodka, A. C. Butler, P. D. Perez-Salas, U. TI Noninvasive Neutron Scattering Measurements Reveal Slower Cholesterol Transport in Model Lipid Membranes SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RAPID TRANSBILAYER MOVEMENT; UNILAMELLAR VESICLES; PHOSPHOLIPID-VESICLES; HUMAN-ERYTHROCYTE; FLIP-FLOP; TRANSMEMBRANE MOVEMENT; LIVING CELLS; STEROL; EXCHANGE; DEHYDROERGOSTEROL AB Proper cholesterol transport is essential to healthy cellular activity and any abnormality can lead to several fatal diseases. However, complete understandings of cholesterol homeostasis in the cell remains elusive, partly due to the wide variability in reported values for intra- and intermembrane cholesterol transport rates. Here, we used time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering to measure cholesterol intermembrane exchange and intramembrane flipping rates, in situ, without recourse to any external fields or compounds. We found significantly slower transport kinetics than reported by previous studies, particularly for intramembrane flipping where our measured rates are several orders of magnitude slower. We unambiguously demonstrate that the presence of chemical tags and extraneous compounds employed in traditional kinetic measurements dramatically affect the system thermodynamics, accelerating cholesterol transport rates by an order of magnitude. To our knowledge, this work provides new insights into cholesterol transport process disorders, and challenges many of the underlying assumptions used in most cholesterol transport studies to date. C1 [Garg, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Lemont, IL USA. [Porcar, L.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, Large Scale Struct Grp, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Porcar, L.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Colburn Lab, Newark, DE USA. [Woodka, A. C.; Butler, P. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Perez-Salas, U.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Garg, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Lemont, IL USA. EM sgarg@anl.gov; porcar@ill.fr; paul.butler@nist.gov; ursulaps@uic.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Garg, Sumit/B-2701-2012; Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 FU National Science Foundation [DMR- 0944772]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement No. DMR- 0944772. U.P.-S. and S.G. acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 27 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2011 VL 101 IS 2 BP 370 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.06.014 PG 8 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 797VT UT WOS:000293158900017 PM 21767489 ER PT J AU Lehman, JH Lee, B Grossman, EN AF Lehman, John H. Lee, Bob Grossman, Erich N. TI Far infrared thermal detectors for laser radiometry using a carbon nanotube array SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FILMS AB We present a description of a 1.5 mm long, vertically aligned carbon nanotube array ( VANTA) on a thermopile and separately on a pyroelectric detector. Three VANTA samples, having average lengths of 40 mu m, 150 mu m, and 1.5 mm were evaluated with respect to reflectance at a laser wavelength of 394 mu m ( 760 GHz), and we found that the reflectance decreases substantially with increasing tube length, ranging from 0.38 to 0.23 to 0.01, respectively. The responsivity of the thermopile by electrical heating ( 98.4 mA/W) was equal to that by optical heating ( 98.0 mA/W) within the uncertainty of the measurement. We analyzed the frequency response and temporal response and found a thermal decay period of 500 ms, which is consistent with the specific heat of comparable VANTAs in the literature. The extremely low ( 0.01) reflectance of the 1.5 mm VANTAs and the fact that the array is readily transferable to the detector's surface is, to our knowledge, unprecedented. C1 [Lehman, John H.; Grossman, Erich N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lee, Bob] Scientech Inc, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Lehman, JH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lehman@boulder.nist.gov NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 20 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 2011 VL 50 IS 21 BP 4099 EP 4104 DI 10.1364/AO.50.004099 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 795JN UT WOS:000292970600045 PM 21772397 ER PT J AU Hanson, HA Wang, X Dimitrov, IK Shi, J Ling, XS Maranville, BB Majkrzak, CF Laver, M Keiderling, U Russina, M AF Hanson, H. A. Wang, X. Dimitrov, I. K. Shi, J. Ling, X. S. Maranville, B. B. Majkrzak, C. F. Laver, M. Keiderling, U. Russina, M. TI Structural evidence for an edge-contaminated vortex phase in a Nb crystal using neutron diffraction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID II SUPERCONDUCTORS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; FLUX LATTICES; SURFACE-BARRIER; ELASTIC THEORY; MIXED STATE; DISORDER; NIOBIUM; FIELD; INSTABILITIES AB We report the structural observation of a disordered vortex matter phase existing near the edge of a bulk type-II superconductor Nb using a novel position-sensitive neutron diffraction technique. This "edge-contaminated" vortex state was implicated in previous studies using transport techniques and magneto-optics and is postulated to play a significant role in the behavior of vortex dynamics in a wide range of type-II superconductors. In this sample, thermal annealing causes the vortex matter in the interior to reorder implying that the edge-contaminated bulk state is metastable. However, the edge vortex structure remains disordered after repeated thermal annealing indicating the spatial coexistence of a vortex glass with a Bragg glass. This observation resolves outstanding issues concerning the peak effect in type-II superconductors. C1 [Hanson, H. A.; Wang, X.; Dimitrov, I. K.; Shi, J.; Ling, X. S.] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Shi, J.] Wuhan Univ, Sch Phys, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Maranville, B. B.; Majkrzak, C. F.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Laver, M.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Keiderling, U.; Russina, M.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Fr Mat & Energie GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. RP Hanson, HA (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM xsling@brown.edu RI Ling, Xinsheng/A-9219-2008 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02 - 07ER46458]; European Commission [CP-CSA INFRA-2008 - 1.1.1., 226507-NMI3]; Brown University FX This research was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under grant DE-FG02 - 07ER46458. The ANDR measurements were supported by the Department of Commerce. The SANS measurements were supported by the European Commission under the 7th Framework Programme through "Research Infrastructures" action of the "Capacities" Programme, contract number CP-CSA INFRA-2008 - 1.1.1. Number 226507-NMI3. H.A.H. and X.W. would like to acknowledge support from the Galkin Fund at Brown University. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 20 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 1 AR 014506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.014506 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 794TI UT WOS:000292923800007 ER PT J AU Willis, RT Becerra, FE Orozco, LA Rolston, SL AF Willis, R. T. Becerra, F. E. Orozco, L. A. Rolston, S. L. TI Photon statistics and polarization correlations at telecommunications wavelengths from a warm atomic ensemble SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM COMMUNICATION; TELECOM-WAVELENGTH; CRYPTOGRAPHY; OPTICS; MEMORY; PAIRS AB We present measurements of the polarization correlation and photon statistics of photon pairs that emerge from a laser-pumped warm rubidium vapor cell. The photon pairs occur at 780 nm and 1367 nm and are polarization entangled. We measure the autocorrelation of each of the generated fields as well as the cross-correlation function, and observe a strong violation of the two-beam Cauchy-Schwartz inequality. We evaluate the performance of the system as source of heralded single photons at a telecommunication wavelength. We measure the heralded autocorrelation and see that coincidences are suppressed by a factor of approximate to 20 from a Poissonian source at a generation rate of 1500 s(-1), a heralding efficiency of 10%, and a narrow spectral width. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Willis, R. T.; Becerra, F. E.; Orozco, L. A.; Rolston, S. L.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Willis, R. T.; Becerra, F. E.; Orozco, L. A.; Rolston, S. L.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Becerra, F. E.] CINVESTAV, Dept Fis, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. RP Willis, RT (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM lorozco@umd.edu RI Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD/H-4494-2011; rolston, steven/L-5175-2013 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190 FU NSF; DURIP; CONACYT FX The authors thank David Norris for helpful conversations, Dzmitry Matsukevich for designing the FPGA system used for data acquisition, and Alan Migdall for the loan of an InGaAs APD. This work was supported by NSF, DURIP, and CONACYT. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 18 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 15 BP 14632 EP 14641 DI 10.1364/OE.19.014632 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 794EF UT WOS:000292877600094 PM 21934825 ER PT J AU Stock, C Rodriguez, EE Green, MA Zavalij, P Rodriguez-Rivera, JA AF Stock, Chris Rodriguez, Efrain E. Green, Mark A. Zavalij, Peter Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A. TI Interstitial iron tuning of the spin fluctuations in the nonsuperconducting parent phase Fe1+xTe SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB Using neutron inelastic scattering, we investigate the low-energy spin fluctuations in Fe1+xTe as a function of both temperature and interstitial iron concentration. For Fe1.057(7)Te, the magnetic structure is defined by a commensurate wave vector of (1/2, 0, 1/2). The spin fluctuations are gapped with a sharp onset at 7 meV and are three dimensional in momentum transfer, becoming two dimensional at higher-energy transfers. On doping with interstitial iron, we find, in Fe1.141(5)Te, the ordering wave vector is located at the (0.38, 0, 1/2) position and the fluctuations are gapless with the intensity peaked at an energy transfer of 4 meV. These results show that the spin fluctuations in the Fe1+xTe system can be tuned not only through selenium doping, but also with interstitial iron. We also compare these results with superconducting concentrations and, in particular, the resonance mode in the Fe1+xTe1-ySey system. C1 [Stock, Chris; Rodriguez, Efrain E.; Green, Mark A.; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. [Stock, Chris] Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47404 USA. [Green, Mark A.; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zavalij, Peter] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Stock, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Zavalij, Peter/H-3817-2012; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/A-4872-2013 OI Zavalij, Peter/0000-0001-5762-3469; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-8633-8314 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX We are grateful to N. C. Maliszewskyj for expert technical support during these experiments. This work utilized facilities supported, in part, by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 35 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 18 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 4 AR 045124 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.045124 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 793LT UT WOS:000292825100005 ER PT J AU Stromberg, CJ Kohnhorst, CL Van Meter, GA Rakowski, EA Caplins, BC Gutowski, TA Mehalko, JL Heilweil, EJ AF Stromberg, Christopher J. Kohnhorst, Casey L. Van Meter, Glenn A. Rakowski, Elizabeth A. Caplins, Benjamin C. Gutowski, Tiffany A. Mehalko, Jennifer L. Heilweil, Edwin J. TI Terahertz, infrared and Raman vibrational assignments of [FeFe]-hydrogenase model compounds SO VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Hydrogenase; Infrared spectrum; Raman spectrum; Terahertz spectrum; Vibrational assignments ID FE-ONLY HYDROGENASES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; IRON-IRON HYDROGENASE; ACTIVE-SITE MODELS; H-OX STATE; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; RUTHENIUM PHOTOSENSITIZER; DIIRON SUBSITE AB Using Raman, terahertz (THz), and mid-infrared (IR) spectroscopies, the vibrational spectra of two chromophore models of hydrogen-producing [FeFel-hydrogenase, Fe-2(mu-S2C3H6)(CO)(6) and Fe-2(mu-S2C2H4)(CO)(6), have been assigned. The combination of absorption and scattering techniques, along with OFT calculations, allows for assignments to be made without traditional isotopic substitution methods. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stromberg, Christopher J.; Kohnhorst, Casey L.; Van Meter, Glenn A.; Rakowski, Elizabeth A.; Caplins, Benjamin C.; Gutowski, Tiffany A.; Mehalko, Jennifer L.] Hood Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stromberg, CJ (reprint author), Hood Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, 401 Rosemont Ave, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. EM stromberg@hood.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB7H6135, 70NANB9H9125]; Hood College's Summer Research Institute, Life Technologies Foundation; National Science Foundation [NSF-CCLI DUE-0632829] FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (Cooperative Agreement Numbers 70NANB7H6135 and 70NANB9H9125) and Hood College's Summer Research Institute (funded in 2008 and 2009 by a grant from the Life Technologies Foundation). The purchase of the Raman spectrometer was funded through the National Science Foundation's Course, Curriculum, and Laboratory Improvement program (NSF-CCLI DUE-0632829). NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2031 EI 1873-3697 J9 VIB SPECTROSC JI Vib. Spectrosc. PD JUL 18 PY 2011 VL 56 IS 2 BP 219 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.vibspec.2011.02.012 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 776EF UT WOS:000291516600016 ER PT J AU Emerson, S Sabine, C Cronin, MF Feely, R Gray, SEC DeGrandpre, M AF Emerson, Steven Sabine, Christopher Cronin, Meghan F. Feely, Richard Gray, Sarah E. Cullison DeGrandpre, Mike TI Quantifying the flux of CaCO3 and organic carbon from the surface ocean using in situ measurements of O-2, N-2, pCO(2), and pH SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; NET COMMUNITY PRODUCTION; NORTHEAST PACIFIC-OCEAN; STATION-P; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; TOTAL ALKALINITY; TIME-SERIES; CO2; SEAWATER; MODEL AB Ocean acidification from anthropogenic CO2 has focused our attention on the importance of understanding the rates and mechanisms of CaCO3 formation so that changes can be monitored and feedbacks predicted. We present a method for determining the rate of CaCO3 production using in situ measureme nts of fCO(2) and pH in surface waters of the eastern subarctic Pacific Ocean. These quantities were determined on a surface mooring every 3 h for a period of about 9 months in 2007 at Ocean Station Papa (50 degrees N, 145 degrees W). We use the data in a simple surface ocean, mass balance model of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and alkalinity (Alk) to constrain the CaCO3: organic carbon (OC) production ratio to be approximately 0.5. A CaCO3 production rate of 8 mmol CaCO3 m(-2) d(-1) in the summer of 2007 (1.2 mol m(-2) yr(-1)) is derived by combining the CaCO3: OC ratio with the a net organic carbon production rate (2.5 mol C m(-2) yr(-1)) determined from in situ measurements of oxygen and nitrogen gas concentrations measured on the same mooring (Emerson and Stump, 2010). Carbonate chemistry data from a meridional hydrographic section in this area in 2008 indicate that isopycnal surfaces that outcrop in the winter in the subarctic Pacific and deepen southward into the subtropics are a much stronger source for alkalinity than vertical mixing. This pathway has a high enough Alk: DIC ratio to support the CaCO3: OC production rate implied by the fCO(2) and pH data. C1 [Emerson, Steven] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sabine, Christopher; Cronin, Meghan F.; Feely, Richard] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Gray, Sarah E. Cullison; DeGrandpre, Mike] Univ Montana, Dept Chem & Biochem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Emerson, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM emerson@u.washington.edu FU NSF [OCE-0628663, OCE-0836807] FX Ship time for the mooring operations was provided by the P-Line Program of the Institute of Ocean Sciences (IOS), Sidney, B. C., Canada. The authors thank Marie Robert, the Captain and crew of the CCGS Tully, and the IOS administration for collaboration and maintaining an excellent time series program. Charles Stump, Patrick A'Hearn, and David Zimmerman provided outstanding technical help during the deployment and recovery of the mooring. We would like to thank David Timothy of IOS for showing us a preliminary version of the sediment trap paper compilation and for helpful discussions about the comparison of their data with our observations. The research was funded by NSF grants OCE-0628663 (S.E. and M.C.) and OCE-0836807 (M.D. and S.C.). NR 51 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JUL 16 PY 2011 VL 25 AR GB3008 DI 10.1029/2010GB003924 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 793QB UT WOS:000292837100001 ER PT J AU Burton, BP Demers, S van de Walle, A AF Burton, B. P. Demers, Steve van de Walle, A. TI First principles phase diagram calculations for the wurtzite-structure quasibinary systems SiC-AlN, SiC-GaN and SiC-InN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; LATTICE-MODEL; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; SEMICONDUCTORS; METALS; ALLOYS; AIN AB The cluster-expansion method was used to perform first principles phase diagram calculations for the wurtzite-structure quasibinary systems (SiC)(1-X)(AlN)(X), (SiC)(1-X) (GaN)(X) and (SiC)(1-X)(InN)(X); and to model variations of band gaps as functions of bulk compositions and temperature. In SiC-AlN, plane wave pseudopotential formation-energy calculations predict low-energy metastable states with formation energies, Delta E-f less than or similar to 0.004 eV/mole (mol = one cation + one anion). The crystal structures of these states are all of the form (SiC)(m)(AlN)(n)(SiC)(o)(AlN)(p center dot center dot center dot) (m,n,o,p integers), where (SiC)(m) indicates m SiC-diatomic-layers perpendicular to to the hexagonal c-axis (c(Hex)) and similarly for (AlN)(n), (SiC)(o) and (AlN)(p). The presence of low-energy layer-structure metastable states helps to explain why one can synthesize (SiC) (1-X)(AlN)(X) films, or single crystals with any value of X, in spite of the apparently strong tendency toward immiscibility. In SiC-GaN, ordered structures are predicted at X = 1/4, 1/2, and 3/4 (Pm, Pmn2(1) and Pm, respectively). In SiC-InN, one Cmc2(1) ordered phase is predicted at X = 1/2. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3602149] C1 [Burton, B. P.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Demers, Steve; van de Walle, A.] CALTECH, Engn & Appl Sci Div, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Burton, BP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM benjamin.burton@nist.gov; steved@caltech.edu; avdw@alum.mit.edu RI van de Walle, Axel/L-5676-2013 OI van de Walle, Axel/0000-0002-3415-1494 FU NIST; Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-FC52-08NA28613]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0907669]; TeraGrid resources at TACC [TG-DMR050013N] FX This work is supported by NIST, the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under Award No. DE-FC52-08NA28613, the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-0907669, and through TeraGrid resources at TACC under Grant No. TG-DMR050013N. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 110 IS 2 AR 023507 DI 10.1063/1.3602149 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 801YK UT WOS:000293476300024 ER PT J AU Haney, PM AF Haney, Paul M. TI Organic photovoltaic bulk heterojunctions with spatially varying composition SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DONOR-ACCEPTOR HETEROJUNCTIONS; SOLAR-CELLS; RECOMBINATION AB Models of organic bulk heterojunction photovoltaics, which include the effect of spatially varying composition of donor/acceptor materials, are developed and analyzed. Analytic expressions for the current-voltage relation in simplified cases show that the effect of varying blend composition on charge transport is minimal. Numerical results for various blend compositions, including the experimentally relevant composition of a donor-rich region near the cathode (a "skin layer" of donor material) show that the primary effect of this variation on device performance derives from its effect on photocharge generation. The general relation between the geometry of the blend and its effect on performance is given explicitly. The analysis shows that the effect of a skin layer on device performance is small. [doi: 10.1063/1.3607871] C1 NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Haney, PM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.haney@nist.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 110 IS 2 AR 024305 DI 10.1063/1.3607871 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 801YK UT WOS:000293476300087 ER PT J AU Widegren, JA Bruno, TJ AF Widegren, Jason A. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Enthalpy of adsorption for hydrocarbons on concrete by inverse gas chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Construction concrete; Enthalpy of adsorption; Specific retention volume; Heat of adsorption; Hydrocarbon; Inverse gas chromatography ID SOLID CHROMATOGRAPHY; CEMENT PASTES; CLAY; COMPONENTS; HEATS AB Enthalpies of adsorption, Delta H(a), are reported for several light hydrocarbons on normal construction concrete. Delta H(a), which are a measure of the adhesion strength of a molecule on a surface, were determined by gas-solid chromatography with a packed column containing 60-80 mesh concrete particles. With this approach, the specific retention volume for a compound is measured as a function of temperature, and these data are used to calculate Delta H(a). For the hydrocarbons studied, we found that Delta H(a) was relatively large for unsaturated hydrocarbons. These are the first determinations of Delta H(a) of hydrocarbons on construction concrete, but useful comparisons with other ionic solids such as clays can be made. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Widegren, Jason A.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM thomas.bruno@nist.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 1218 IS 28 BP 4474 EP 4477 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.075 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 792CT UT WOS:000292718800025 PM 21621781 ER PT J AU Collette, BB Carpenter, KE Polidoro, BA Juan-Jorda, MJ Boustany, A Die, DJ Elfes, C Fox, W Graves, J Harrison, LR McManus, R Minte-Vera, CV Nelson, R Restrepo, V Schratwieser, J Sun, CL Amorim, A Peres, MB Canales, C Cardenas, G Chang, SK Chiang, WC Leite, ND Harwell, H Lessa, R Fredou, FL Oxenford, HA Serra, R Shao, KT Sumaila, R Wang, SP Watson, R Yanez, E AF Collette, B. B. Carpenter, K. E. Polidoro, B. A. Juan-Jorda, M. J. Boustany, A. Die, D. J. Elfes, C. Fox, W. Graves, J. Harrison, L. R. McManus, R. Minte-Vera, C. V. Nelson, R. Restrepo, V. Schratwieser, J. Sun, C. -L. Amorim, A. Brick Peres, M. Canales, C. Cardenas, G. Chang, S. -K. Chiang, W. -C. de Oliveira Leite, N., Jr. Harwell, H. Lessa, R. Fredou, F. L. Oxenford, H. A. Serra, R. Shao, K. -T. Sumaila, R. Wang, S. -P. Watson, R. Yanez, E. TI High Value and Long Life-Double Jeopardy for Tunas and Billfishes SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; EXTINCTION RISK; TOP PREDATORS; SIZE C1 [Collette, B. B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Carpenter, K. E.; Polidoro, B. A.; Harwell, H.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Juan-Jorda, M. J.] Univ A Coruna, La Coruna, Spain. [Boustany, A.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Die, D. J.] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Graves, J.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Harrison, L. R.] Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Minte-Vera, C. V.] Univ Estadual Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil. [Sun, C. -L.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, Taiwan. [Chang, S. -K.] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. [Lessa, R.; Fredou, F. L.] Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil. [Oxenford, H. A.] Univ W Indies, Ctr Resource Management & Environm Studies, Bridgetown, Barbados. [Shao, K. -T.] Acad Sinica, Biodivers Res Ctr, Taipei, Taiwan. [Sumaila, R.; Watson, R.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Wang, S. -P.] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Chilung, Taiwan. [Yanez, E.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile. RP Collette, BB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20230 USA. EM collettb@si.edu RI Harrison, Lucy/F-9494-2011; Lucena Fredou, Flavia/I-3639-2012; Watson, Reg/F-4850-2012; Minte-Vera, Carolina/D-6326-2013; Chang, Shui-Kai/B-5038-2010; Minte-Vera, Carolina/A-5461-2017 OI Juan-Jorda, Maria Jose/0000-0002-4586-2400; Lucena Fredou, Flavia/0000-0001-5492-7205; Watson, Reg/0000-0001-7201-8865; Chang, Shui-Kai/0000-0003-2929-1510; Minte-Vera, Carolina/0000-0002-0537-1519 NR 15 TC 87 Z9 90 U1 4 U2 54 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 333 IS 6040 BP 291 EP 292 DI 10.1126/science.1208730 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 792HF UT WOS:000292732000024 PM 21737699 ER PT J AU Noah, NM Mwilu, SK Sadik, OA Fatah, AA Arcilesi, RD AF Noah, Naumih M. Mwilu, Samuel K. Sadik, Omowunmi A. Fatah, Alim A. Arcilesi, Richard D. TI Immunosensors for quantifying cyclooxygenase 2 pain biomarkers SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Pain biomarkers; Sensors; Affinity; COX-2 ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; PEPTIDE INHIBITOR; EXPRESSION; BIOSENSOR; SENSORS; AGENT; COX-2 AB Background: Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme in pain biomarkers, inflammation and cancer cell proliferation. Thus biosensors that can quantify pain mediators based on biochemical mechanism are imperative. Methods: Biomolecular recognition and affinity of antigenic COX-2 with the antibody were investigated using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and ultra-sensitive portable capillary (UPAC) fluorescence sensors. Polyclonal goat anti-COX-2 (human) antibodies were covalently immobilized on gold SPR surface and direct recognition for the COX-2 antigen assessed. The UPAC sensor utilized an indirect sandwich design involving covalently attached goat anti-COX-2 as the capture antibody and rabbit anti-COX-2 (human) antibody as the secondary antibody. Results: UPAC fluorescence signals were directly proportional to COX-2 at a linear range of 7.46x 10(-4)-7.46 x 10(1) ng/ml with detection limit of 1.02 x 10(-4) ng/ml. With SPR a linear range was 3.64 x 10(-4)-3.64 x 10(2) ng/ml was recorded and a detection limit of 1.35 x 10(-4) ng/ml. Validation was achieved in simulated blood samples with percent recoveries of 81.39% and 87.23% for SPR and UPAC respectively. Conclusion: The developed sensors have the potential to provide objective characterization of pain biomarkers for clinical diagnoses. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Noah, Naumih M.; Mwilu, Samuel K.; Sadik, Omowunmi A.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Ctr Adv Sensors & Environm Syst CASE, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Fatah, Alim A.] NIST, Off Law Enforcement Stand, Technol Serv, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Arcilesi, Richard D.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Sadik, OA (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Ctr Adv Sensors & Environm Syst CASE, POB 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM osadik@binghamton.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU NIST-OLED Office; Battelle [SP 0700-00-D-3180]; US Environmental Protection Agency [RD-83090601] FX The authors acknowledge the NIST-OLED Office and Battelle via subcontract SP 0700-00-D-3180 and the US Environmental Protection Agency through the STAR program (RD-83090601). We acknowledge engineering support from Dr. Paul Blythe in the course of this work. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD JUL 15 PY 2011 VL 412 IS 15-16 BP 1391 EP 1398 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2011.04.017 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 781GB UT WOS:000291917500017 PM 21530501 ER PT J AU Chang, YS Zhang, SQ Rosati, A AF Chang, You-Soon Zhang, Shaoqing Rosati, Anthony TI Improvement of salinity representation in an ensemble coupled data assimilation system using pseudo salinity profiles SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The scarcity of salinity observations prior to the Argo period makes it tremendously difficult to estimate ocean states. By using the so-called pseudo salinity profiles constructed from temperature and altimetry information, here we show the improvement of salinity representation estimated by the ensemble coupled data assimilation system of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. The comparisons with climatology and independent observations show that the pseudo salinity data considerably improve the assimilation skill for the pre-Argo period (1993-2001). For the Argo period (2002-2007), there is little degradation of the assimilation skill using pseudo salinity instead of Argo observations. This result ensures the robustness of the new assimilation fields with pseudo salinity for the pre-Argo period when salinity observations are sparse. We also suggest that the interannual variability of the existing reanalysis products could suffer from erroneously-estimated discontinuities due to the non-stationary nature of the salinity observing system. Citation: Chang, Y.-S., S. Zhang, and A. Rosati (2011), Improvement of salinity representation in an ensemble coupled data assimilation system using pseudo salinity profiles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L13609, doi: 10.1029/2011GL048064. C1 [Chang, You-Soon; Zhang, Shaoqing; Rosati, Anthony] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Chang, You-Soon] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Chang, YS (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM you-soon.chang@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (NOAA/GFDL); CNES FX This research was supported by the Visiting Scientist Program at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (NOAA/GFDL), administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR). We acknowledge the international Argo and GTSPP program for the rich publicly available database. The altimeter products were produced by SSALTO/DUACS and distributed by AVISO with support from CNES. We thank R. Msadek and H.-C. Lee for their comments on the earlier version of this manuscript. Suggestions made by Y. Xue and anonymous reviewers were very constructive in the revision of this paper. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 14 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L13609 DI 10.1029/2011GL048064 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 793PD UT WOS:000292834700005 ER PT J AU Li, SL Lu, XY Wang, M Luo, HQ Wang, MY Zhang, CL Faulhaber, E Regnault, LP Singh, D Dai, PC AF Li, Shiliang Lu, Xingye Wang, Meng Luo, Hui-qian Wang, Miaoyin Zhang, Chenglin Faulhaber, Enrico Regnault, Louis-Pierre Singh, Deepak Dai, Pengcheng TI Effect of the in-plane magnetic field on the neutron spin resonance in optimally doped FeSe0.4Te0.6 and BaFe1.9Ni0.1As2 superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PR0.88LACE0.12CUO4-DELTA; EXCITATIONS; TRANSITION; SCATTERING AB We use inelastic neutron scattering to study the effect of an in-plane magnetic field on the magnetic resonance in optimally doped superconductors FeSe0.4Te0.6 (T-c = 14 K) and BaFe1.9Ni0.1As2 (T-c = 20 K). While the magnetic field up to 14.5 T does not change the energy of the resonance, it partially suppresses T-c and the corresponding superconductivity-induced intensity gain of the mode. However, we find no direct evidence for the field-induced spin-1 Zeeman splitting of the resonance. Therefore it is still unclear if the resonance is the long-sought singlet-triplet excitation directly coupled to the superconducting electron Cooper pairs. C1 [Li, Shiliang; Lu, Xingye; Wang, Meng; Luo, Hui-qian; Dai, Pengcheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Wang, Meng; Wang, Miaoyin; Zhang, Chenglin; Dai, Pengcheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Faulhaber, Enrico] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie, Gemeinsame Forschergrp HZB TU Dresden, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Faulhaber, Enrico] Tech Univ Munich, Forsch Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier Leibnitz FRM 2, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Regnault, Louis-Pierre] INAC, SPSMS MDN, UMR E CEA UJF Grenoble 1, F-38054 Grenoble, France. [Singh, Deepak] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Singh, Deepak] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dai, Pengcheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, SL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM slli@aphy.iphy.ac.cn; pdai@utk.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Li, Shiliang/B-9379-2009; Wang, Miaoyin/C-9224-2012; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; WANG, MENG/E-6595-2012 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; WANG, MENG/0000-0002-8232-2331 FU Chinese Academy of Science [2010CB833102, 2010CB923002, 2011CBA00110]; US DOE, BES [DOE DE-FG02-05ER46202]; Division of Scientific User Facilities; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX This work was supported by Chinese Academy of Science, 973 Program (2010CB833102, 2010CB923002, 2011CBA00110), and by the US DOE, BES, through DOE DE-FG02-05ER46202 and Division of Scientific User Facilities. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 14 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 2 AR 024518 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.024518 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 792IQ UT WOS:000292737300004 ER PT J AU Grachev, AA Bariteau, L Fairall, CW Hare, JE Helmig, D Hueber, J Lang, EK AF Grachev, Andrey A. Bariteau, Ludovic Fairall, Christopher W. Hare, Jeffrey E. Helmig, Detlev Hueber, Jacques Lang, E. Kathrin TI Turbulent fluxes and transfer of trace gases from ship-based measurements during TexAQS 2006 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID URBAN ROUGHNESS SUBLAYER; WATER-VAPOR TRANSFER; AIR-SEA FLUXES; OZONE DEPOSITION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CO2 FLUXES; AERODYNAMIC ROUGHNESS; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; RESPONSE EXPERIMENT AB Air-sea/land turbulent fluxes of momentum, sensible heat, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone are discussed on the basis of eddy covariance measurements made aboard the NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown during the Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS) in August-September 2006. The TexAQS 2006 field campaign focused on air pollution meteorology associated primarily with ozone and aerosol transport in the Houston/Galveston region and the nearby coastal zone. The ship-based complement of instrumentation was used for the boundary layer measurements over water (the Gulf of Mexico and various harbors/bay areas) and "over land" (specifically, 80 km inside the Houston Ship Channel). In this study we focus on direct comparisons of TexAQS 2006 flux observations with the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) bulk flux algorithm to investigate possible coastal and urban area influences. It is found that the average neutral drag coefficient can be about an order of magnitude larger over very rough urban areas than over the sea surface. However, a similar effect was not observed for the scalar transfer; that is, the neutral Stanton and Dalton numbers do not change significantly over different footprint surfaces. Our data suggest that the TexAQS 2006 region was generally a sink for surface ozone whether over water or over land. The turbulent flux of carbon dioxide was mostly negative (uptake by the surface) for measurements over waters of the Gulf of Mexico and some bays, but the flux becomes positive (release to the air) for inland regions. Both ozone and carbon dioxide turbulent fluxes above land were larger in magnitude compared to the over water measurements. C1 [Grachev, Andrey A.; Bariteau, Ludovic; Fairall, Christopher W.; Hare, Jeffrey E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Helmig, Detlev; Hueber, Jacques; Lang, E. Kathrin] Univ Colorado, Inst Alpine & Arctic Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Grachev, Andrey A.; Bariteau, Ludovic; Hare, Jeffrey E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Grachev, AA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway,R PSD3, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andrey.grachev@noaa.gov OI GRACHEV, ANDREY/0000-0002-7143-0820 FU NOAA; NOAA Climate Program Office's Global Carbon Cycle Program FX The authors thank all of the participants in GoMACCS/TexAQS 2006 who aided in the operation of these instruments and in the collection of data. Special thanks go to David Welsh, William Otto, Daniel Wolfe, Sergio Pezoa, and the dedicated officers and crew of the NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown. This work was supported by the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program and by the NOAA Climate Program Office's Global Carbon Cycle Program. NR 54 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 13 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D13110 DI 10.1029/2010JD015502 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 793RE UT WOS:000292840000004 ER PT J AU Solomon, SC Qian, LY Didkovsky, LV Viereck, RA Woods, TN AF Solomon, Stanley C. Qian, Liying Didkovsky, Leonid V. Viereck, Rodney A. Woods, Thomas N. TI Causes of low thermospheric density during the 2007-2009 solar minimum SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; GLOBAL CHANGE; EUV FLUX; IRRADIANCE; IONOSPHERE; CALIBRATIONS; DECREASE AB Satellite drag data indicate that the thermosphere was lower in density, and therefore cooler, during the protracted solar minimum period of 2007-2009 than at any other time in the past 47 years. Measurements indicate that solar EUV irradiance was also lower than during the previous solar minimum. However, secular change due to increasing levels of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, which cool the upper atmosphere, also plays a role in thermospheric climate, and changes in geomagnetic activity could also contribute to the lower density. Recent work used solar EUV measurements from the Solar EUV Monitor ( SEM) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, and the NCAR Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model, finding good agreement between the density changes from 1996 to 2008 and the changes in solar EUV. Since there is some uncertainty in the long-term calibration of SEM measurements, here we perform model calculations using the MgII core-to-wing ratio as a solar EUV proxy index. We also quantify the contributions of increased CO2 and decreased geomagnetic activity to the changes. In these simulations, CO2 and geomagnetic activity play small but significant roles, and the primary cause of the low temperatures and densities remains the unusually low levels of solar EUV irradiance. C1 [Solomon, Stanley C.; Qian, Liying] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Didkovsky, Leonid V.] Univ So Calif, Ctr Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Viereck, Rodney A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Woods, Thomas N.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Solomon, SC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM stans@ucar.edu RI Solomon, Stanley/J-4847-2012; Qian, Liying/D-9236-2013 OI Solomon, Stanley/0000-0002-5291-3034; Qian, Liying/0000-0003-2430-1388 FU NASA [NAG5-11408, NNX08AM74G, NNX10AF21G, NNX07AC61G]; National Science Foundation FX The authors thank John Emmert and colleagues for providing the thermospheric neutral density data. This research was supported by NASA grant NAG5-11408 to the University of Colorado, NASA grant NNX08AM74G to the University of Southern California, and NASA grants NNX10AF21G and NNX07AC61G to the National Center for Atmospheric Research. NCAR is supported by the National Science Foundation. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. NR 52 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 13 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A00H07 DI 10.1029/2011JA016508 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 793QL UT WOS:000292838100003 ER PT J AU Araujo-Pradere, EA Anderson, DN Fedrizzi, M Stoneback, R AF Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo A. Anderson, David N. Fedrizzi, Mariangel Stoneback, Russell TI Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System observational support for the equatorial E x B drift velocities associated with the four-cell tidal structures SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID F-REGION; MAGNETOMETER OBSERVATIONS; DAYTIME; IONOSPHERE AB Previous studies have established the existence of a four-cell longitude pattern in equatorial F region ionospheric parameters such as total electron content and electron densities and in daytime, equatorial E x B drift velocities. This paper, for the first time, quantifies the longitude gradients in E x B drift associated with the four-cell tidal structures and confirms that these sharp gradients exist on a day-to-day basis. For this purpose, we use the Ion Velocity Meter (IVM) sensor on the Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite to obtain the daytime, vertical E x B drift velocities at the magnetic equator as a function of longitude, local time, and season. The IVM sensor measures the E x B drift velocity in three dimensions; however, we only use the E x B drift observations perpendicular to B in the meridional plane. These observations can be used to obtain the vertical E x B drifts at the magnetic equator by mapping along the geomagnetic field line. The period initially selected for this work covers several days in October, March, and December 2009. We find, on a day-to-day basis, that (1) sharp E x B drift gradients of -1.3 m s(-1) deg(-1) exist in the western Pacific sector during equinox, (2) sharp E x B drift gradients of + 3 m s(-1) deg(-1) are observed in the eastern Pacific sector during equinox, and (3) sharp E x B drift gradients of -1.7 m s(-1) deg(-1) exist in the eastern Pacific sector during December solstice. C1 [Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo A.; Anderson, David N.; Fedrizzi, Mariangel] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Stoneback, Russell] Univ Texas Dallas, Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo A.; Anderson, David N.; Fedrizzi, Mariangel] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Araujo-Pradere, EA (reprint author), NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, 325 Broadway,W-NP9, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM eduardo.araujo@noaa.gov RI Fedrizzi, Mariangel/C-6493-2012 FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Department of Defense Space Test Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Naval Research Laboratory; Aerospace Corporation; AFOSR [FA9550-09-0408]; University of Texas at Dallas by NASA [NAS5-01068] FX The C/NOFS mission is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Department of Defense Space Test Program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Naval Research Laboratory, and the Aerospace Corporation. At the University of Colorado, this work is supported by AFOSR grant FA9550-09-0408. This work is supported at the University of Texas at Dallas by NASA grant NAS5-01068. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUL 13 PY 2011 VL 46 AR RS0D09 DI 10.1029/2010RS004557 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 793QG UT WOS:000292837600001 ER PT J AU Wood, LJ Sharpless, KE Pichon, M Porter, BJ Yen, JH AF Wood, Laura J. Sharpless, Katherine E. Pichon, Monique Porter, Barbara J. Yen, James H. TI Characterization of Three Berry Standard Reference Materials for Nutrients SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE berries; referece material; dietary supplements; cranberries; blueberries ID GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN; AUTHENTICITY; MATRIX; WINE AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been working with the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements to produce Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) of interest to analysts of dietary supplements. Some of these SRMs are traditional foods including SRM 3281 Cranberry (Fruit), SRM 3282 Low-Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail, and SRM 3287 Blueberry (Fruit), which have been characterized for nine nutritional elements and sugars. The blueberries have also been characterized for proximates, two water-soluble vitamins, and amino acids. These new materials are intended for use in method development and validation as well as for quality assurance and traceability in the assignment of values to in-house control materials. Foods can be difficult to analyze because of matrix effects. With the addition of these three new SRMs, it is now possible to more closely match controls to matrices and analyte levels for fruit and vegetable test samples. Several nutritional elements in these three SRMs are present at lower levels than in other food-matrix SRMs. C1 [Wood, Laura J.; Sharpless, Katherine E.; Pichon, Monique; Porter, Barbara J.; Yen, James H.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wood, LJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X FU NIH-ODS FX The development of the SRMs is a collaborative effort with NIH-ODS, and we acknowledge NIH-ODS for their partial support of these activities. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, materials, or entities are identified in this paper to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 13 PY 2011 VL 59 IS 13 BP 7246 EP 7252 DI 10.1021/jf200883e PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 788AL UT WOS:000292417700056 PM 21688777 ER PT J AU Butler, AH Polvani, LM AF Butler, Amy H. Polvani, Lorenzo M. TI El Nino, La Nina, and stratospheric sudden warmings: A reevaluation in light of the observational record SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; WEATHER REGIMES; REANALYSIS; WINTER AB Recent studies have suggested that El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may have a considerable impact on Northern Hemisphere wintertime stratospheric conditions. Notably, during El Nino the stratosphere is warmer than during ENSO-neutral winters, and the polar vortex is weaker. Opposite-signed anomalies have been reported during La Nina, but are considerably smaller in amplitude than during El Nino. This has led to the perception that El Nino is able to substantially affect stratospheric conditions, but La Nina is of secondary importance. Here we revisit this issue, but focus on the extreme events that couple the troposphere to the stratosphere: major, mid-winter stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs). We examine 53 years of reanalysis data and find, as expected, that SSWs are nearly twice as frequent during ENSO winters as during non-ENSO winters. Surprisingly, however, we also find that SSWs occur with equal probability during El Nino and La Nina winters. These findings corroborate the impact of ENSO on stratospheric variability, and highlight that both phases of ENSO are important in enhancing stratosphere-troposphere dynamical coupling via an increased frequency of SSWs. Citation: Butler, A. H., and L. M. Polvani (2011), El Nino, La Nina, and stratospheric sudden warmings: A reevaluation in light of the observational record, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L13807, doi: 10.1029/2011GL048084. C1 [Butler, Amy H.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Polvani, Lorenzo M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Polvani, Lorenzo M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Polvani, Lorenzo M.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. RP Butler, AH (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM amy.butler@noaa.gov; lmp@columbia.edu RI Butler, Amy/K-6190-2012 OI Butler, Amy/0000-0002-3632-0925 FU US National Science Foundation FX The authors are grateful to Chaim Garfinkel for several illuminating discussions and for a critical reading of the manuscript in advance of submission and to Craig Long and Michelle L'Heureux for their comments. The work of L.M.P is supported, in part, by a grant from the US National Science Foundation to Columbia University. NR 22 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 12 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L13807 DI 10.1029/2011GL048084 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 793PA UT WOS:000292834400005 ER PT J AU Tong, XM Ranitovic, P Hogle, CW Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC Toshima, N AF Tong, X. M. Ranitovic, P. Hogle, C. W. Murnane, M. M. Kapteyn, H. C. Toshima, N. TI Theory and experiment on laser-enabled inner-valence Auger decay of rare-gas atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ABOVE-THRESHOLD IONIZATION; MOLECULES; FIELDS; SHIFT AB In rare-gas atoms, an inner-valence shell ns hole cannot be filled by Auger decay because of an energy deficiency. We show theoretically and experimentally that by adding a moderately intense infrared laser, Auger decay is possible with decay rates increasing dramatically for laser intensities >= 10(13) W/cm(2). For Xe atoms, the simulated laser-enabled Auger decay yields are comparable with the experimental one, while for Ar atoms, the simulated ones are much smaller. We attribute the discrepancies to screening effects of the photoelectron. Laser-enabled Auger decay is of fundamental importance for understanding attosecond science, and is also important for experimental applications in ultrafast atomic, molecular, and materials dynamics using x rays. More importantly it may provide a way to control the Auger decay time and selectively break chemical bonds of molecules using a control infrared laser field. C1 [Tong, X. M.; Toshima, N.] Univ Tsukuba, Inst Mat Sci, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. [Tong, X. M.] Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. [Ranitovic, P.; Hogle, C. W.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ranitovic, P.; Hogle, C. W.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ranitovic, P.; Hogle, C. W.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Tong, XM (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Inst Mat Sci, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. EM tong@ims.tsukuba.ac.jp RI Tong, Xiao-Min/A-2748-2011; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; ranitovic, predrag/A-2282-2014 OI Tong, Xiao-Min/0000-0003-4898-3491; Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; U.S. National Science Foundation; COLTRIMS FX This research was supported by a Grand-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and by the U.S. National Science Foundation. We thank Achim Czasch, Till Jahnke, and RoentDek for the COLTRIMS support, and Yanwei Liu, Farhad Salmassi, and Eric Gullikson of LBNL for their help with the XUV mirror coatings. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 11 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 1 AR 013405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.013405 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 790OJ UT WOS:000292598500014 ER PT J AU Piekiel, NW Cavicchi, RE Zachariah, MR AF Piekiel, Nicholas W. Cavicchi, Richard E. Zachariah, Michael R. TI Rapid-heating of energetic materials using a micro-differential scanning calorimeter SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Differential scanning calorimeter; Tetrazolium salts; Energetic materials ID HETEROCYCLIC-BASED SALTS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; CAPACITY MEASUREMENTS; 1,5-DIAMINO-1H-TETRAZOLE; DINITRAMIDE; DERIVATIVES; NITRATE; FAMILY AB A micro-differential scanning calorimeter (mu-DSC) was employed to study the thermal decomposition of organic energetic materials at high heating rates. Heating rates from 1900 to 65,000 K/s were explored, which are many orders of magnitude higher than traditional DSC, but much closer to the conditions these materials would experience in their application. Temperature calibration was done by heating Sn. KNO(3), and KClO(4) at the desired heating rates to determine the temperature profile at each rate. The samples studied were 5-amino-1H-tetrazole, 5-amino-1-methyl-1H-tetrazolium dinitramide, 1,5-diamino-4-methyl-1H-tetrazolium dinitramide, and 1,5-diamino-4-methyl-1H-tetrazolium azide, which comprise a new class of high-nitrogen containing energetic materials. Activation energies determined using the Kissinger method, are much lower than those reported for the same materials under low heating rates indicating that other decomposition mechanisms are in play at high heating rates. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Piekiel, Nicholas W.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cavicchi, Richard E.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, 2125 Martin Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU Army Research Office; Army Research Laboratory FX The authors thank Professor T.M. Klapotke of Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich, Germany, for providing the samples used in this study. This work was supported by the Army Research Office and the Army Research Laboratory. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD JUL 10 PY 2011 VL 521 IS 1-2 BP 125 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.tca.2011.04.015 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 795BK UT WOS:000292946300020 ER PT J AU Fuller-Rowell, T Wang, HJ Akmaev, R Wu, F Fang, TW Iredell, M Richmond, A AF Fuller-Rowell, Tim Wang, Houjun Akmaev, Rashid Wu, Fei Fang, Tzu-Wei Iredell, Mark Richmond, Arthur TI Forecasting the dynamic and electrodynamic response to the January 2009 sudden stratospheric warming SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A whole atmosphere model has been used to simulate the changes in the global atmosphere dynamics and electrodynamics during the January 2009 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW). In a companion paper, it has been demonstrated that the neutral atmosphere response to the 2009 warming can be simulated with high fidelity and can be forecast several days ahead. The 2009 warming was a major event with the polar stratospheric temperature increasing by 70 K. The neutral dynamics from the whole atmosphere model (WAM) was used to drive the response of the electrodynamics. The WAM simulation predicted a substantial increase in the amplitude of the 8-hour terdiurnal tide in the lower thermosphere dynamo region in response to the warming, at the expense of the more typical semidiurnal tides. The increase in the terdiurnal mode had a significant impact on the diurnal variation of the electrodynamics at low latitude. The changes in the winds in the dayside ionospheric E region increased the eastward electric field early in the morning, and drove a westward electric field in the afternoon. The initial large increase in upward drifts gradually moved to later local times, and decreased in magnitude. The change in the amplitude and phase of the electrodynamic response to the SSW is in good agreement with observations from the Jicamarca radar. The agreement with observations serves to validate the whole atmosphere dynamic response. Since WAM can forecast the neutral dynamics several days ahead, the simulations indicate that the electrodynamic response can also be predicted. Citation: Fuller-Rowell, T., H. Wang, R. Akmaev, F. Wu, T.-W. Fang, M. Iredell, and A. Richmond (2011), Forecasting the dynamic and electrodynamic response to the January 2009 sudden stratospheric warming, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L13102, doi:10.1029/2011GL047732. C1 [Fuller-Rowell, Tim; Wang, Houjun; Wu, Fei; Fang, Tzu-Wei] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fuller-Rowell, Tim; Wang, Houjun; Akmaev, Rashid; Wu, Fei; Fang, Tzu-Wei] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Iredell, Mark] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Richmond, Arthur] NCAR, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Fuller-Rowell, T (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Tim.Fuller-Rowell@noaa.gov RI Fang, Tzu-Wei/I-4882-2013; OI Richmond, Arthur/0000-0002-6708-1023 FU NASA [NNH07AF041]; AFOSR MURI NADIR; NASA LWS Strategic Capabilities; National Science Foundation FX Funding for this research was provided by NASA Heliophysics Theory Program, AFOSR MURI NADIR, and NASA LWS Strategic Capabilities. ADR was supported by NASA grant NNH07AF041. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 19 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L13102 DI 10.1029/2011GL047732 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 790SG UT WOS:000292608900005 ER PT J AU Wang, WQ Chen, MY Kumar, A Xue, Y AF Wang, Wanqiu Chen, Mingyue Kumar, Arun Xue, Yan TI How important is intraseasonal surface wind variability to real-time ENSO prediction? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; OCEANIC KELVIN WAVES; 1997/98 EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; CLIMATE MODELS; MJO; BURSTS; SYSTEM; FORECASTS; ANOMALIES AB Variations with initial time in the prediction of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are analyzed based on the NCEP operational forecasts. It is found that the forecasted ENSO can be greatly affected by intraseasonal surface wind variability in the western Pacific (WPac), especially that associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). In the model forecasts, Kelvin waves forced by intraseasonal winds in the WPac propagate eastward and reach the eastern Pacific in about 60 days, where the induced surface temperature (SST) anomalies dissipate and expand westward. Differences in the forecasted Nino3.4 SSTs can be 0.5 K or larger depending on the phase and amplitude of the MJO. Variations in WPac surface winds are also found to have impacts on the spread of the forecasted Nino3.4 SSTs. Relevance of these results to the ensemble strategies currently used in the operational climate prediction centers is discussed. Citation: Wang, W., M. Chen, A. Kumar, and Y. Xue (2011), How important is intraseasonal surface wind variability to real-time ENSO prediction?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L13705, doi:10.1029/2011GL047684. C1 [Wang, Wanqiu; Chen, Mingyue; Kumar, Arun; Xue, Yan] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Wang, WQ (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM wanqiu.wang@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L13705 DI 10.1029/2011GL047684 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 790SG UT WOS:000292608900003 ER PT J AU Rivnay, J Noriega, R Kline, RJ Salleo, A Toney, MF AF Rivnay, Jonathan Noriega, Rodrigo Kline, R. Joseph Salleo, Alberto Toney, Michael F. TI Quantitative analysis of lattice disorder and crystallite size in organic semiconductor thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; PROFILE ANALYSIS; PARTICLE-SIZE; CARRIER MOBILITY; FOURIER-ANALYSIS; POLYMER OPALS; TRANSISTORS; SCATTERING; ORGANIZATION AB The crystallite size and cumulative lattice disorder of three prototypical, high-performing organic semiconducting materials are investigated using a Fourier-transform peak shape analysis routine based on the method of Warren and Averbach (WA). A thorough incorporation of error propagation throughout the multistep analysis and a weighted fitting of Fourier-transformed data to the WA model allows for more accurate results than typically obtained and for determination of confidence bounds. We compare results obtained when assuming two types of column-length distributions, and discuss the benefits of each model in terms of simplicity and accuracy. For strongly disordered materials, the determination of a crystallite size is greatly hindered because disorder dominates the coherence length, not finite size. A simple analysis based on trends of peak widths and Lorentzian components of pseudo-Voigt line shapes as a function of diffraction order is also discussed as an approach to more easily and qualitatively assess the amount and type of disorder present in a sample. While applied directly to organic systems, this methodology is general for the accurate deconvolution of crystalline size and lattice disorder for any material investigated with diffraction techniques. C1 [Rivnay, Jonathan; Noriega, Rodrigo; Salleo, Alberto] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Noriega, Rodrigo] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Toney, Michael F.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rivnay, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008 FU National Science Foundation; Center for Advanced Molecular Photovoltaics, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) [KUS-C1-015-21] FX The authors thank Iain McCulloch and Martin Heeney (Imperial College, London) and Antonio Facchetti (Polyera Corp, Skokie, IL) for generously providing materials [PBTTT and P(NDI2OD-T2)]. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. A. S. and J.R. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation. This publication was partially based on work supported by the Center for Advanced Molecular Photovoltaics (Award No. KUS-C1-015-21), made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). NR 68 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 5 U2 61 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 7 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 4 AR 045203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.045203 PG 20 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 789JW UT WOS:000292512800005 ER PT J AU Yeakel, JD Novak, M Guimaraes, PR Dominy, NJ Koch, PL Ward, EJ Moore, JW Semmens, BX AF Yeakel, Justin D. Novak, Mark Guimaraes, Paulo R., Jr. Dominy, Nathaniel J. Koch, Paul L. Ward, Eric J. Moore, Jonathan W. Semmens, Brice X. TI Merging Resource Availability with Isotope Mixing Models: The Role of Neutral Interaction Assumptions SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FOOD WEBS; INTERACTION STRENGTHS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; NICHE OVERLAP; TOO AB Background: Bayesian mixing models have allowed for the inclusion of uncertainty and prior information in the analysis of trophic interactions using stable isotopes. Formulating prior distributions is relatively straightforward when incorporating dietary data. However, the use of data that are related, but not directly proportional, to diet (such as prey availability data) is often problematic because such information is not necessarily predictive of diet, and the information required to build a reliable prior distribution for all prey species is often unavailable. Omitting prey availability data impacts the estimation of a predator's diet and introduces the strong assumption of consumer ultrageneralism (where all prey are consumed in equal proportions), particularly when multiple prey have similar isotope values. Methodology: We develop a procedure to incorporate prey availability data into Bayesian mixing models conditional on the similarity of isotope values between two prey. If a pair of prey have similar isotope values (resulting in highly uncertain mixing model results), our model increases the weight of availability data in estimating the contribution of prey to a predator's diet. We test the utility of this method in an intertidal community against independently measured feeding rates. Conclusions: Our results indicate that our weighting procedure increases the accuracy by which consumer diets can be inferred in situations where multiple prey have similar isotope values. This suggests that the exchange of formalism for predictive power is merited, particularly when the relationship between prey availability and a predator's diet cannot be assumed for all species in a system. C1 [Yeakel, Justin D.; Novak, Mark] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Guimaraes, Paulo R., Jr.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Ecol, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Dominy, Nathaniel J.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Anthropol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Dominy, Nathaniel J.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Koch, Paul L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ward, Eric J.; Semmens, Brice X.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Moore, Jonathan W.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Yeakel, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM jdyeakel@gmail.com RI Novak, Mark/E-2194-2012; Guimaraes, Paulo/B-1099-2008; Guimaraes, Paulo/E-1915-2016; Guimaraes-Junior, Paulo/M-1298-2016; OI Dominy, Nathaniel/0000-0001-5916-418X; Yeakel, Justin/0000-0002-6597-3511 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0608178]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Department of Education; Sigma Xi; University of Chicago; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superioris FX Field work was supported by a National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant (DEB-0608178), a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science To Achieve Results fellowship, a Department of Education Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need training grant, Sigma Xi, and the University of Chicago Hinds Fund. Additional funding for this work was provided by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, a Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, and a Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superioris research grant. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 27 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 7 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 7 AR e22015 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0022015 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 791HI UT WOS:000292655400038 PM 21760944 ER PT J AU Block, BA Jonsen, ID Jorgensen, SJ Winship, AJ Shaffer, SA Bograd, SJ Hazen, EL Foley, DG Breed, GA Harrison, AL Ganong, JE Swithenbank, A Castleton, M Dewar, H Mate, BR Shillinger, GL Schaefer, KM Benson, SR Weise, MJ Henry, RW Costa, DP AF Block, B. A. Jonsen, I. D. Jorgensen, S. J. Winship, A. J. Shaffer, S. A. Bograd, S. J. Hazen, E. L. Foley, D. G. Breed, G. A. Harrison, A. -L. Ganong, J. E. Swithenbank, A. Castleton, M. Dewar, H. Mate, B. R. Shillinger, G. L. Schaefer, K. M. Benson, S. R. Weise, M. J. Henry, R. W. Costa, D. P. TI Tracking apex marine predator movements in a dynamic ocean SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; BLUEFIN TUNA; MORTALITY; HABITAT; SHARKS; FISH; POPULATION; RESOURCES; MIGRATION; TURTLES AB Pelagic marine predators face unprecedented challenges and uncertain futures. Overexploitation and climate variability impact the abundance and distribution of top predators in ocean ecosystems(1-4). Improved understanding of ecological patterns, evolutionary constraints and ecosystem function is critical for preventing extinctions, loss of biodiversity and disruption of ecosystem services. Recent advances in electronic tagging techniques have provided the capacity to observe the movements and long-distance migrations of animals in relation to ocean processes across a range of ecological scales(5,6). Tagging of Pacific Predators, a field programme of the Census of Marine Life, deployed 4,306 tags on 23 species in the North Pacific Ocean, resulting in a tracking data set of unprecedented scale and species diversity that covers 265,386 tracking days from 2000 to 2009. Here we report migration pathways, link ocean features to multispecies hotspots and illustrate niche partitioning within and among congener guilds. Our results indicate that the California Current large marine ecosystem and the North Pacific transition zone attract and retain a diverse assemblage of marine vertebrates. Within the California Current large marine ecosystem, several predator guilds seasonally undertake north-south migrations that may be driven by oceanic processes, species-specific thermal tolerances and shifts in prey distributions. We identify critical habitats across multinational boundaries and show that top predators exploit their environment in predictable ways, providing the foundation for spatial management of large marine ecosystems. C1 [Block, B. A.; Jorgensen, S. J.; Ganong, J. E.; Swithenbank, A.; Castleton, M.; Shillinger, G. L.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Dept Biol, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Jonsen, I. D.; Winship, A. J.; Breed, G. A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [Shaffer, S. A.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Bograd, S. J.; Hazen, E. L.; Foley, D. G.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Breed, G. A.; Harrison, A. -L.; Weise, M. J.; Henry, R. W.; Costa, D. P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Dewar, H.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Mate, B. R.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Schaefer, K. M.] Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Benson, S. R.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Block, BA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Dept Biol, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM bblock@stanford.edu RI Shaffer, Scott/D-5015-2009; Logger, Satellite/C-1379-2010; Hazen, Elliott/G-4149-2014 OI Shaffer, Scott/0000-0002-7751-5059; Hazen, Elliott/0000-0002-0412-7178 FU Sloan Foundation; Packard Foundation; Moore Foundation; Office of Naval Research; NOAA; E&P Sound and Marine Life JIP under the OGP; Monterey Bay Aquarium Foundation FX This manuscript is the culmination of a Census of Marine Life cross project synthesis between TOPP and Future of Marine Animal Populations (FMAP). Funding for this work was provided by the Sloan Foundation's Census of Marine Life programme. TOPP research was funded by the Sloan, Packard and Moore foundations. FMAP was funded by the Sloan Foundation. Electronic tagging and tracking in TOPP was also supported by the Office of Naval Research, the NOAA, the E&P Sound and Marine Life JIP under contract from the OGP, and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Foundation. We thank the TOPP scientific teams and all those who supported animal tagging efforts, R. Kochevar and D. Kohrs for their dedication and their effort on behalf of the Census of Marine Life. We are grateful to the numerous captains and crews who provided ship time and logistical support and to the US Fish and Wildlife Service in Hawaii for further logistical support. We thank the Mexican authorities and collaborating TOPP partners (O. Sosa-Nishizki) for permitting and assisting in research in their waters. All animal research was conducted in accordance with IACUC protocols from Stanford University and the University of California. NR 30 TC 360 Z9 366 U1 42 U2 328 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 7 PY 2011 VL 475 IS 7354 BP 86 EP 90 DI 10.1038/nature10082 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 788RE UT WOS:000292461300050 PM 21697831 ER PT J AU Sansonetti, CJ Simien, CE Gillaspy, JD Tan, JN Brewer, SM Brown, RC Wu, SJ Porto, JV AF Sansonetti, Craig J. Simien, C. E. Gillaspy, J. D. Tan, Joseph N. Brewer, Samuel M. Brown, Roger C. Wu, Saijun Porto, J. V. TI Absolute Transition Frequencies and Quantum Interference in a Frequency Comb Based Measurement of the Li-6,Li-7 D Lines SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; RESONANCE LINES; FINE; LI-7; SPECTROSCOPY; LITHIUM AB Optical frequencies of the D lines of Li-6,Li-7 were measured with a relative accuracy of 5 x 10(-11) using an optical comb synthesizer. Quantum interference in the laser induced fluorescence for the partially resolved D2 lines was found to produce polarization dependent shifts as large as 1 MHz. Our results resolve large discrepancies among previous experiments and between all experiments and theory. The fine-structure splittings for Li-6 and Li-7 are 10052.837(22) MHz and 10053.435(21) MHz. The splitting isotope shift is 0.599(30) MHz, in reasonable agreement with recent theoretical calculations. C1 [Sansonetti, Craig J.; Simien, C. E.; Gillaspy, J. D.; Tan, Joseph N.; Brewer, Samuel M.; Brown, Roger C.; Wu, Saijun; Porto, J. V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brewer, Samuel M.; Brown, Roger C.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sansonetti, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Brown, Roger/A-9630-2009 OI Brown, Roger/0000-0002-8228-4283 NR 22 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 6 PY 2011 VL 107 IS 2 AR 023001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.023001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 789LI UT WOS:000292516600009 PM 21797599 ER PT J AU Bolton, JR Stefan, MI Shaw, PS Lykke, KR AF Bolton, James R. Stefan, Mihaela I. Shaw, Ping-Shine Lykke, Keith R. TI Determination of the quantum yields of the potassium ferrioxalate and potassium iodide-iodate actinometers and a method for the calibration of radiometer detectors SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Quantum yield; Actinometer; Ferrioxalate actinometer; KI/KIO(3) actinometer; Irradiance; Radiometer ID CHEMICAL ACTINOMETER; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; STANDARDIZATION; WAVELENGTH; RADIATION AB The quantum yields for two actinometers have been determined using a tunable laser light source at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, MD. The power of this light source has been calibrated against an absolute cryogenic radiometer, considered accurate with an uncertainty better than 0.1% at a coverage factor k = 2. The quantum yield at 253.7 nm for the ferrioxalate actinometer was found to be 1.38 +/- 0.03, which compares favorably with the value 1.40 +/- 0.03 determined by Goldstein and Rabani. The quantum yield at 253.7 nm for the KI/KIO(3) actinometer was found to be 0.69 +/- 0.02 at 23.5 degrees C. Again this compares favorably with 0.72 +/- 0.03 determined by Goldstein and Rabani and 0.73 +/- 0.02 determined by Rahn et al. Based on the determinations to date, including the present investigation, the recommended values for the quantum yields at 253.7 nm are 1.39 +/- 0.02 (temperature independent) for the ferrioxalate actinometer and [(0.71 +/- 0.02) + (0.0099 +/- 0.0004)(t - 24)] for the KI/KIO(3) actinometer, where t is the temperature (degrees C) of the actinometer solution. Finally, a protocol is recommended for the use of the KI/KIO(3) actinometer to calibrate radiometer detectors at 253.7 nm. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bolton, James R.] Univ Alberta, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada. [Stefan, Mihaela I.] Trojan Technol, London, ON N5V 4T7, Canada. [Shaw, Ping-Shine; Lykke, Keith R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bolton, JR (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada. EM jb3@ualberta.ca FU Trojan Technologies Inc.; Light Sources Inc.; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from Trojan Technologies Inc., Light Sources Inc. and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 10 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1010-6030 J9 J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO A JI J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem. PD JUL 5 PY 2011 VL 222 IS 1 BP 166 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.05.017 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 824ZV UT WOS:000295241600024 ER PT J AU Morey, JS Monroe, EA Kinney, AL Beal, M Johnson, JG Hitchcock, GL Van Dolah, FM AF Morey, Jeanine S. Monroe, Emily A. Kinney, Amanda L. Beal, Marion Johnson, Jillian G. Hitchcock, Gary L. Van Dolah, Frances M. TI Transcriptomic response of the red tide dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis, to nitrogen and phosphorus depletion and addition SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID PENTATRICOPEPTIDE REPEAT PROTEINS; COCCOLITHOPHORE EMILIANIA-HUXLEYI; DIATOM THALASSIOSIRA-PSEUDONANA; CIRCADIAN-REGULATED GENES; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; MESSENGER-RNA; BINDING PROTEIN; DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSES; AMPHIDINIUM-CARTERAE AB Background: The role of coastal nutrient sources in the persistence of Karenia brevis red tides in coastal waters of Florida is a contentious issue that warrants investigation into the regulation of nutrient responses in this dinoflagellate. In other phytoplankton studied, nutrient status is reflected by the expression levels of N- and P-responsive gene transcripts. In dinoflagellates, however, many processes are regulated post-transcriptionally. All nuclear encoded gene transcripts studied to date possess a 5' trans-spliced leader (SL) sequence suggestive, based on the trypanosome model, of post-transcriptional regulation. The current study therefore sought to determine if the transcriptome of K. brevis is responsive to nitrogen and phosphorus and is informative of nutrient status. Results: Microarray analysis of N-depleted K. brevis cultures revealed an increase in the expression of transcripts involved in N-assimilation (nitrate and ammonium transporters, glutamine synthetases) relative to nutrient replete cells. In contrast, a transcriptional signal of P-starvation was not apparent despite evidence of P-starvation based on their rapid growth response to P-addition. To study transcriptome responses to nutrient addition, the limiting nutrient was added to depleted cells and changes in global gene expression were assessed over the first 48 hours following nutrient addition. Both N- and P-addition resulted in significant changes in approximately 4% of genes on the microarray, using a significance cutoff of 1.7-fold and p <= 10(-4). By far, the earliest responding genes were dominated in both nutrient treatments by pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, which increased in expression up to 3-fold by 1 h following nutrient addition. PPR proteins are nuclear encoded proteins involved in chloroplast and mitochondria RNA processing. Correspondingly, other functions enriched in response to both nutrients were photosystem and ribosomal genes. Conclusions: Microarray analysis provided transcriptomic evidence for N- but not P-limitation in K. brevis. Transcriptomic responses to the addition of either N or P suggest a concerted program leading to the reactivation of chloroplast functions. Even the earliest responding PPR protein transcripts possess a 5' SL sequence that suggests post-transcriptional control. Given the current state of knowledge of dinoflagellate gene regulation, it is currently unclear how these rapid changes in such transcript levels are achieved. C1 [Morey, Jeanine S.; Monroe, Emily A.; Kinney, Amanda L.; Beal, Marion; Johnson, Jillian G.; Van Dolah, Frances M.] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Hitchcock, Gary L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Monroe, Emily A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Van Dolah, FM (reprint author), NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM fran.vandolah@noaa.gov FU NOAA [02E00025]; University of Miami Oceans and Human Health Center (NSF) [OCE0432368/0911373]; University of Miami Oceans and Human Health Center (NIEHS) [1 P50ES12736] FX This project was funded by the NOAA Marine Biotoxins Program project #02E00025 and the University of Miami Oceans and Human Health Center (NSF grant #OCE0432368/0911373 and NIEHS grant #1 P50ES12736). NR 85 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 8 U2 47 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUL 5 PY 2011 VL 12 AR 346 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-12-346 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 801RX UT WOS:000293459200001 PM 21729317 ER PT J AU Lam, CH Tsontos, VM AF Lam, Chi Hin Tsontos, Vardis M. TI Integrated Management and Visualization of Electronic Tag Data with Tagbase SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC ISTIOPHORID BILLFISHES; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; LIGHT-BASED GEOLOCATION; IMPROVING LIGHT; THUNNUS-OBESUS; TRACKING DATA; TAGGING DATA; HABITAT; OCEAN; MOVEMENTS AB Electronic tags have been used widely for more than a decade in studies of diverse marine species. However, despite significant investment in tagging programs and hardware, data management aspects have received insufficient attention, leaving researchers without a comprehensive toolset to manage their data easily. The growing volume of these data holdings, the large diversity of tag types and data formats, and the general lack of data management resources are not only complicating integration and synthesis of electronic tagging data in support of resource management applications but potentially threatening the integrity and longer-term access to these valuable datasets. To address this critical gap, Tagbase has been developed as a well-rounded, yet accessible data management solution for electronic tagging applications. It is based on a unified relational model that accommodates a suite of manufacturer tag data formats in addition to deployment metadata and reprocessed geopositions. Tagbase includes an integrated set of tools for importing tag datasets into the system effortlessly, and provides reporting utilities to interactively view standard outputs in graphical and tabular form. Data from the system can also be easily exported or dynamically coupled to GIS and other analysis packages. Tagbase is scalable and has been ported to a range of database management systems to support the needs of the tagging community, from individual investigators to large scale tagging programs. Tagbase represents a mature initiative with users at several institutions involved in marine electronic tagging research. C1 [Lam, Chi Hin] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Tsontos, Vardis M.] NOAA, Fisheries Resources Div, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Lam, CH (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM tim@tagbase.org FU NASA Headquarters [NNX08AU86H] FX C.H. Lam was supported by the NASA Headquarters under the Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program Grant - NNX08AU86H. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 5 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 7 AR e21810 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0021810 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 789JO UT WOS:000292512000026 PM 21750734 ER PT J AU Das, S Sherwin, BD Aguirre, P Appel, JW Bond, JR Carvalho, CS Devlin, MJ Dunkley, J Dunner, R Essinger-Hileman, T Fowler, JW Hajian, A Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hincks, AD Hlozek, R Huffenberger, KM Hughes, JP Irwin, KD Klein, J Kosowsky, A Lupton, RH Marriage, TA Marsden, D Menanteau, F Moodley, K Niemack, MD Nolta, MR Page, LA Parker, L Reese, ED Schmitt, BL Sehgal, N Sievers, J Spergel, DN Staggs, ST Swetz, DS Switzer, ER Thornton, R Visnjic, K Wollack, E AF Das, Sudeep Sherwin, Blake D. Aguirre, Paula Appel, John W. Bond, J. Richard Sofia Carvalho, C. Devlin, Mark J. Dunkley, Joanna Duenner, Rolando Essinger-Hileman, Thomas Fowler, Joseph W. Hajian, Amir Halpern, Mark Hasselfield, Matthew Hincks, Adam D. Hlozek, Renee Huffenberger, Kevin M. Hughes, John P. Irwin, Kent D. Klein, Jeff Kosowsky, Arthur Lupton, Robert H. Marriage, Tobias A. Marsden, Danica Menanteau, Felipe Moodley, Kavilan Niemack, Michael D. Nolta, Michael R. Page, Lyman A. Parker, Lucas Reese, Erik D. Schmitt, Benjamin L. Sehgal, Neelima Sievers, Jon Spergel, David N. Staggs, Suzanne T. Swetz, Daniel S. Switzer, Eric R. Thornton, Robert Visnjic, Katerina Wollack, Ed TI Detection of the Power Spectrum of Cosmic Microwave Background Lensing by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; CMB POLARIZATION; RECONSTRUCTION; ANISOTROPIES; TEMPERATURE; QUAD; GHZ AB We report the first detection of the gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background through a measurement of the four-point correlation function in the temperature maps made by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. We verify our detection by calculating the levels of potential contaminants and performing a number of null tests. The resulting convergence power spectrum at 2 degrees angular scales measures the amplitude of matter density fluctuations on comoving length scales of around 100 Mpc at redshifts around 0.5 to 3. The measured amplitude of the signal agrees with Lambda cold dark matter cosmology predictions. Since the amplitude of the convergence power spectrum scales as the square of the amplitude of the density fluctuations, the 4 sigma detection of the lensing signal measures the amplitude of density fluctuations to 12%. C1 [Das, Sudeep] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, BCCP, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Das, Sudeep; Sherwin, Blake D.; Appel, John W.; Dunkley, Joanna; Essinger-Hileman, Thomas; Fowler, Joseph W.; Hajian, Amir; Hincks, Adam D.; Niemack, Michael D.; Page, Lyman A.; Parker, Lucas; Staggs, Suzanne T.; Switzer, Eric R.; Visnjic, Katerina] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Das, Sudeep; Dunkley, Joanna; Hajian, Amir; Lupton, Robert H.; Marriage, Tobias A.; Spergel, David N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Aguirre, Paula; Duenner, Rolando] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Bond, J. Richard; Hajian, Amir; Nolta, Michael R.; Sievers, Jon] Univ Toronto, CITA, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Sofia Carvalho, C.] IST, IPFN, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. [Sofia Carvalho, C.] Acad Athens, Res Ctr Astron, Athens 11527, Greece. [Devlin, Mark J.; Marsden, Danica; Reese, Erik D.; Schmitt, Benjamin L.; Swetz, Daniel S.; Thornton, Robert] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Dunkley, Joanna; Hlozek, Renee] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Fowler, Joseph W.; Irwin, Kent D.; Niemack, Michael D.; Swetz, Daniel S.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Halpern, Mark; Hasselfield, Matthew] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Huffenberger, Kevin M.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Hughes, John P.; Menanteau, Felipe] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Kosowsky, Arthur] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Marriage, Tobias A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Moodley, Kavilan] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Sehgal, Neelima] Stanford Univ, KIPAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Switzer, Eric R.] Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Thornton, Robert] W Chester Univ Penn, Dept Phys, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. [Wollack, Ed] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Das, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, BCCP, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; Klein, Jeffrey/E-3295-2013; Spergel, David/A-4410-2011 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Carvalho, C. Sofia/0000-0002-7241-9797; Menanteau, Felipe/0000-0002-1372-2534; Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074; Huffenberger, Kevin/0000-0001-7109-0099; FU U.S. NSF [AST-0408698, PHY-0355328, AST-0707731, PIRE-0507768]; Princeton University; University of Pennsylvania; RCUK; NASA [NNX08AH30G]; NSERC; NSF [AST-0546035, AST-0807790]; NSF Physics Frontier Center [PHY-0114422]; KICP; SLAC [AC3-76SF00515]; BCCP; FONDAP; Basal; Centre AIUC; CONICYT FX This work was supported by the U.S. NSF through Grants No. AST-0408698 for the ACT project, and No. PHY-0355328, No. AST-0707731, and No. PIRE-0507768, as well as by Princeton University and the University of Pennsylvania, RCUK (J. D.), NASA Grant No. NNX08AH30G (S. D., A. H., and T. M.), NSERC (A. D. H.), NSF AST-0546035 and AST-0807790 (A. K.), NSF Physics Frontier Center Grant No. PHY-0114422 (E. S.), KICP (E. S.), SLAC No. AC3-76SF00515 (N. S.), and the BCCP (S. D.). Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. Funding at the PUC from FONDAP, Basal, and the Centre AIUC is acknowledged. We thank B. Berger, R. Escribano, T. Evans, D. Faber, P. Gallardo, A. Gomez, M. Gordon, D. Holtz, M. McLaren, W. Page, R. Plimpton, D. Sanchez, O. Stryzak, M. Uehara, and the Astro-Norte group for assistance with ACT observations. We thank Thibaut Louis, Oliver Zahn and Duncan Hanson, and Kendrick Smith for discussions and draft comments. ACT operates in the Parque Astronomico Atacama in northern Chile under the auspices of CONICYT. NR 40 TC 150 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 5 PY 2011 VL 107 IS 1 AR 021301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.021301 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 787QS UT WOS:000292392400005 PM 21797590 ER PT J AU Zeiger, DN Miles, WC Eidelman, N Lin-Gibson, S AF Zeiger, Diana N. Miles, William C. Eidelman, Naomi Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI Cooperative Calcium Phosphate Nucleation within Collagen Fibrils SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC TOMOGRAPHY; MATRIX PROTEINS; BONE; MINERALIZATION; DENTIN; PRECURSOR; CALCIFICATION AB Although "chaperone molecules" rich in negatively charged residues (i.e., glutamic and aspartic acid) are known to play important roles in the biomineralization process, the precise mechanism by which type I collagen acquires intrafibrillar mineral via these chaperone molecules remains unknown. This study demonstrates a mechanism of cooperative nucleation in which three key components (collagen, chaperone molecules, and Ca(2+) and PO(4)(3-)) interact simultaneously. The mineralization of collagen under conditions in which collagen was exposed to pAsp, Ca(2+), and PO(4)(3-) simultaneously or pretreated with the chaperone molecule (in this case, poly(aspartic acid)) before any exposure to the mineralizing solution was compared to deduce the mineralization mechanism. Depending on the exact conditions, intrafibrillar mineral formation could be reduced or even eliminated through pretreatment with the chaperone molecule. Through the use of a fluorescently tagged polymer, it was determined that the adsorption of the chaperone molecule to the collagen surface retarded further adsorption of subsequent molecules, explaining the reduced mineralization rate in pretreated samples. This finding is significant because it indicates that chaperone molecules must interact simultaneously with the ions in solution and collagen for biomimetic mineralization to occur and that the rate of mineralization is highly dependent upon the interaction of collagen with its environment. C1 [Zeiger, Diana N.; Miles, William C.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Eidelman, Naomi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin-Gibson, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM slgibson@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU NIDCR/NIST [Y1-DE-7005-01]; NIH [1S10RR22650-01A2] FX This work is supported by NIDCR/NIST Interagency Agreement Y1-DE-7005-01. This is a publication of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), an agency of the U.S. Government, and by statute is not subject to copyright in the United States. D.N.Z. and W.C.M. acknowledge the support of the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. The FTIR microscopy system that was used in this work was purchased with NIH Shared Instrumentation Grant 1S10RR22650-01A2 awarded to N.E. We thank Dr. John Elliott for discussing collagen chemistry and preparation. Certain equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this article in order to specify the experimental details adequately. Such identification does not imply a recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose NR 25 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 5 PY 2011 VL 27 IS 13 BP 8263 EP 8268 DI 10.1021/la201361e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 783ZS UT WOS:000292124000038 PM 21657218 ER PT J AU Roxbury, D Tu, XM Zheng, M Jagota, A AF Roxbury, Daniel Tu, Xiaomin Zheng, Ming Jagota, Anand TI Recognition Ability of DNA for Carbon Nanotubes Correlates with Their Binding Affinity SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; LIQUID/SOLID INTERFACE; GRAPHITE; GUANINE; ADENINE; HYBRIDS; COADSORPTION; DISSOLUTION; SIMULATION AB The ability to sort mixtures of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based on chirality has recently been demonstrated using special short DNA sequences that recognize certain matching CNTs of specific chirality. In this work, we report on a study of the relationship between recognition sequences and the strength of their binding to the recognized CNT. We have chosen the (6,5) CNT and its corresponding DNA recognition sequences for investigation in this study. Binding strength is quantified by studying the kinetics of DNA replacement by a surfactant, which is monitored by following shifts in the absorption spectrum. We find that recognition ability correlates strongly with binding strength thus measured; addition or subtraction of just one base from the recognition sequence can enhance the kinetics of DNA displacement some 20-fold. The surfactant displaces DNA in two steps: a rapid first stage lasting less than a few seconds, followed by progressive removal lasting tens of minutes. The kinetics of the second stage is analyzed to extract activation energies. Fluorescence studies support the finding that the DNA sequence that recognizes the (6,5)-CNT forms a more stable hybrid than its close relatives. C1 [Roxbury, Daniel; Jagota, Anand] Lehigh Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Roxbury, Daniel; Jagota, Anand] Lehigh Univ, Bioengn Program, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Tu, Xiaomin; Zheng, Ming] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jagota, A (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU National Science Foundation [CMS-0609050, CMMI-1014960] FX We acknowledge the assistance of Mr. Bryan Postelnek of Lehigh University and financial support from the National Science Foundation through grants CMS-0609050 and CMMI-1014960. NR 48 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 5 PY 2011 VL 27 IS 13 BP 8282 EP 8293 DI 10.1021/la2007793 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 783ZS UT WOS:000292124000041 PM 21650196 ER PT J AU Jacobson, DR Khan, NS Colle, R Fitzgerald, R Laureano-Perez, L Bai, YB Dmochowski, IJ AF Jacobson, David R. Khan, Najat S. Colle, Ronald Fitzgerald, Ryan Laureano-Perez, Lizbeth Bai, Yubin Dmochowski, Ivan J. TI Measurement of radon and xenon binding to a cryptophane molecular host SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE host-guest chemistry; supramolecular chemistry; xenon biosensing ID WATER-SOLUBLE CRYPTOPHANES; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; XE-129 NMR; FUNCTIONALIZED XENON; TERMINAL ALKYNES; INDOOR RADON; SOLUBILITY; THERMODYNAMICS; BIOSENSORS; MYOGLOBIN AB Xenon and radon have many similar properties, a difference being that all 35 isotopes of radon ((195)Rn-(229)Rn) are radioactive. Radon is a pervasive indoor air pollutant believed to cause significant incidence of lung cancer in many geographic regions, yet radon affinity for a discrete molecular species has never been determined. By comparison, the chemistry of xenon has been widely studied and applied in science and technology. Here, both noble gases were found to bind with exceptional affinity to tris-(triazole ethylamine) cryptophane, a previously unsynthesized water-soluble organic host molecule. The cryptophane-xenon association constant, K(a) = 42,000 +/- 2,000 M(-1) at 293 K, was determined by isothermal titration calorimetry. This value represents the highest measured xenon affinity for a host molecule. The partitioning of radon between air and aqueous cryptophane solutions of varying concentration was determined radiometrically to give the cryptophane-radon association constant K(a) = 49,000 +/- 12,000 M(-1) at 293 K. C1 [Jacobson, David R.; Khan, Najat S.; Bai, Yubin; Dmochowski, Ivan J.] Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Colle, Ronald; Fitzgerald, Ryan; Laureano-Perez, Lizbeth] NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dmochowski, IJ (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Chem, 231 S 34th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM ivandmo@sas.upenn.edu RI Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016 FU Department of Defense [W81XWH-04-1-0657]; National Institutes of Health [CA110104]; National Science Foundation [MRI CHE-0820996]; Camille and Henry Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award; University of Pennsylvania Chemistry Department FX We thank Roderic Eckenhoff for access to ITC, George Furst for assistance with NMR spectroscopy, and Pat Carroll for rendering Fig. 5. Support came from the Department of Defense (W81XWH-04-1-0657), National Institutes of Health (CA110104), National Science Foundation (MRI CHE-0820996), a Camille and Henry Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award, and University of Pennsylvania Chemistry Department. NR 61 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 27 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 5 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 27 BP 10969 EP 10973 DI 10.1073/pnas.1105227108 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 787LC UT WOS:000292376700016 PM 21690357 ER PT J AU Neumann, A Wierer, JJ Davis, W Ohno, Y Brueck, SRJ Tsao, JY AF Neumann, A. Wierer, J. J., Jr. Davis, W. Ohno, Y. Brueck, S. R. J. Tsao, J. Y. TI Four-color laser white illuminant demonstrating high color-rendering quality SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; PHOSPHOR; EFFICIENCY; LAMPS AB Solid-state lighting is currently based on light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and phosphors. Solid-state lighting based on lasers would offer significant advantages including high potential efficiencies at high current densities. Light emitted from lasers, however, has a much narrower spectral linewidth than light emitted from LEDs or phosphors. Therefore it is a common belief that white light produced by a set of lasers of different colors would not be of high enough quality for general illumination. We tested this belief experimentally, and found the opposite to be true. This result paves the way for the use of lasers in solid-state lighting. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Neumann, A.; Brueck, S. R. J.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Wierer, J. J., Jr.; Tsao, J. Y.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Davis, W.; Ohno, Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Neumann, A (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM jwierer@sandia.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Brueck, Steven/A-6383-2013; Wierer, Jonathan/G-1594-2013 OI Wierer, Jonathan/0000-0001-6971-4835 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We thank Mike Coltrin for helpful comments. Work at the University of New Mexico and Sandia National Laboratories was supported by Sandia's Solid-State-Lighting Science Energy Frontier Research Center, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 30 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 30 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 4 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 14 BP A982 EP A990 DI 10.1364/OE.19.00A982 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 794DU UT WOS:000292876500041 PM 21747570 ER PT J AU Shaw, JM Nembach, HT Silva, TJ AF Shaw, Justin M. Nembach, Hans T. Silva, T. J. TI Damping phenomena in Co90Fe10/Ni multilayers and alloys SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PERPENDICULAR MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CO/NI MULTILAYERS; FILMS; LINEWIDTH AB We used perpendicular ferromagnetic resonance to measure the damping parameter in Co90Fe10/Ni multilayers over a wide range of layer thicknesses. The magnetic anisotropy within this range varied from in-plane to out-of-plane. We measured (Co90Fe10)(x)Ni1-x alloys of identical thicknesses over the same compositional range of Co90Fe10 and Ni in order to isolate the influence of the multilayer structure. The damping parameter varied from 0.004 to 0.030 and depended only on the relative amounts of Co90Fe10 and Ni and was independent of the magnetic anisotropy and layer structure. [doi:10.1063/1.3607278] C1 [Shaw, Justin M.; Nembach, Hans T.; Silva, T. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shaw, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM justin.shaw@nist.gov RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Gastelois, Pedro/F-3891-2012; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 17 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 4 PY 2011 VL 99 IS 1 AR 012503 DI 10.1063/1.3607278 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 791CN UT WOS:000292639200044 ER PT J AU Quirolgico, S Voas, J Kuhn, R AF Quirolgico, Steve Voas, Jeffrey Kuhn, Rick TI Vetting Mobile Apps SO IT PROFESSIONAL LA English DT Article C1 [Quirolgico, Steve; Voas, Jeffrey; Kuhn, Rick] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quirolgico, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steveq@nist.gov; j.voas@ieee.org; kuhn@nist.gov NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1520-9202 J9 IT PROF JI IT Prof. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 13 IS 4 BP 9 EP 11 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 946HT UT WOS:000304342900003 ER PT J AU Vaudin, MD Stan, G Gerbig, YB Cook, RF AF Vaudin, M. D. Stan, G. Gerbig, Y. B. Cook, R. F. TI High resolution surface morphology measurements using EBSD cross-correlation techniques and AFM SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE EBSD; Cross-correlation; AFM; Indentation ID ELECTRON BACKSCATTER DIFFRACTION; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SPHERICAL INDENTATION; ELASTIC RECOVERY; DEFORMATION; STRAIN; SILICON; NANOINDENTATION; PATTERNS AB The surface morphology surrounding wedge indentations in (0 0 1) Si has been measured using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). EBSD measurement of the lattice displacement field relative to a strain-free reference location allowed the surface uplift to be measured by summation of lattice rotations about the indentation axis. AFM was used in intermittent contact mode to determine surface morphology. The height profiles across the indentations for the two techniques agreed within 1 nm. Elastic uplift theory is used to model the data. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vaudin, M. D.; Stan, G.; Gerbig, Y. B.; Cook, R. F.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vaudin, MD (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.vaudin@nist.gov NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD JUL PY 2011 VL 111 IS 8 BP 1206 EP 1213 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2011.01.039 PG 8 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 894XP UT WOS:000300461100032 PM 21763237 ER PT J AU Hoffman, JE Grover, JA Kim, Z Wood, AK Anderson, JR Dragt, AJ Hafezi, M Lobb, CJ Orozco, LA Rolston, SL Taylor, JM Vlahacos, CP Wellstood, FC AF Hoffman, J. E. Grover, J. A. Kim, Z. Wood, A. K. Anderson, J. R. Dragt, A. J. Hafezi, M. Lobb, C. J. Orozco, L. A. Rolston, S. L. Taylor, J. M. Vlahacos, C. P. Wellstood, F. C. TI Atoms talking to SQUIDs SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE FISICA LA English DT Article DE Hybrid quantum processor; neutral atoms; flux qubit ID VAN-DER-WAALS; FIBER TAPERS; INTERFACE; TRAP AB We present a scheme to couple trapped Rb-87 atoms to a superconducting flux qubit through a magnetic dipole transition. We plan to trap atoms on the evanescent wave outside an ultrathin fiber to bring the atoms to less than 10 mu m above the surface of the superconductor. This hybrid setup lends itself to probing sources of decoherence in superconducting qubits. Our current plan has the intermediate goal of coupling the atoms to a superconducting LC resonator. C1 [Hoffman, J. E.; Grover, J. A.; Kim, Z.; Wood, A. K.; Anderson, J. R.; Dragt, A. J.; Hafezi, M.; Lobb, C. J.; Orozco, L. A.; Rolston, S. L.; Vlahacos, C. P.; Wellstood, F. C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hoffman, J. E.; Grover, J. A.; Kim, Z.; Wood, A. K.; Anderson, J. R.; Dragt, A. J.; Hafezi, M.; Lobb, C. J.; Orozco, L. A.; Rolston, S. L.; Vlahacos, C. P.; Wellstood, F. C.] Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Taylor, J. M.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Taylor, J. M.] Dept Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Taylor, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hoffman, JE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; rolston, steven/L-5175-2013; Hafezi, Mohammad/A-1197-2008 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190; Hafezi, Mohammad/0000-0003-1679-4880 FU National Science Foundation of the USA through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX Work supported by National Science Foundation of the USA through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC MEXICANA FISICA PI COYOACAN PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-348, COYOACAN 04511, MEXICO SN 0035-001X J9 REV MEX FIS JI Rev. Mex. Fis. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 57 IS 3 SU S BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 864UW UT WOS:000298267000002 ER PT J AU Becerra, FE Willis, RT Rolston, SL Orozco, LA AF Becerra, F. E. Willis, R. T. Rolston, S. L. Orozco, L. A. TI Quantum beats from four-wave mixing in Rubidium 87 SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE FISICA LA English DT Article DE Four wave mixing; quantum beats; biphoton spectra ID ATOMIC ENSEMBLES; COMMUNICATION AB We describe the measurements of the cross-correlation function of photon pairs at 780 nm and 1367 nm showing quantum beats from Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) generated in Rubidium 87. The quantum beats come from the interference between two-photon decay paths through different intermediate hyperfine states in the process. We observe that it is possible to select different decay paths, and modify the biphoton spectra, by coupling different hyperfine levels of the atomic configuration in Rubidium with the pump fields and using selection rules. C1 [Willis, R. T.; Rolston, S. L.; Orozco, L. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Willis, R. T.; Rolston, S. L.; Orozco, L. A.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Becerra, F. E.] Ctr Invest & Estud Avanzados, Dept Fis, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. RP Becerra, FE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI rolston, steven/L-5175-2013 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190 FU NSF of the USA; DURIP of the USA; CONACYT of Mexico FX This work was supported by the NSF of the USA, DURIP of the USA, and CONACYT of Mexico. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC MEXICANA FISICA PI COYOACAN PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-348, COYOACAN 04511, MEXICO SN 0035-001X J9 REV MEX FIS JI Rev. Mex. Fis. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 57 IS 3 SU S BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 864UW UT WOS:000298267000005 ER PT J AU Cimmarusti, AD Crawford, JA Norris, DG Orozco, LA AF Cimmarusti, A. D. Crawford, J. A. Norris, D. G. Orozco, L. A. TI Enhancements to cavity quantum electrodynamics system SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE FISICA LA English DT Article DE Cavity QED; optical cavity; optical molasses; laser lens; atomic beam deflection ID MAGNETOOPTICAL TRAP; BEAM DEFLECTION; ATOMIC-BEAM AB We show the planned upgrade of a cavity QED experimental apparatus. The system consists of an optical cavity and an ensemble of ultracold (85)Rb atoms coupled to its mode. We propose enhancements to both. First, we document the building process for a new cavity, with a planned finesse of similar to 20000. We address problems of maintaining mirror integrity during mounting and improving vibration isolation. Second, we propose improvements to the cold atom source in order to achieve better optical pumping and control over the flux of atoms. We consider a 2-D optical molasses for atomic beam deflection, and show computer simulation results for evaluating the design. We also examine the possibility of all-optical atomic beam focusing, but find that it requires unreasonable experimental parameters. C1 [Cimmarusti, A. D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cimmarusti, AD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU National Science Foundation (NSF) FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF). We thank J. R. Ramos for his participation in early stages of the optical cavity building process. We are grateful to S. L. Rolston, H. J. Carmichael and M. Scholten for their stimulating discussions and guidance. Thanks to the ROOT developers and users for their invaluable advice. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC MEXICANA FISICA PI COYOACAN PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-348, COYOACAN 04511, MEXICO SN 0035-001X J9 REV MEX FIS JI Rev. Mex. Fis. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 57 IS 3 SU S BP 29 EP 35 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 864UW UT WOS:000298267000006 ER PT J AU Abbott, PJ Jabour, ZJ AF Abbott, Patrick J. Jabour, Zeina J. TI Vacuum Technology Considerations For Mass Metrology SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE kilogram; mass; vacuum ID STAINLESS-STEEL; PRECISION DETERMINATION; ADSORPTION LAYERS; STANDARDS; KILOGRAM; CONSTANT; GAUGES; AIR; ELLIPSOMETRY; ACCURACY AB Vacuum weighing of mass artifacts eliminates the necessity of air buoyancy correction and its contribution to the measurement uncertainty. Vacuum weighing is also an important process in the experiments currently underway for the redefinition of the SI mass unit, the kilogram. Creating the optimum vacuum environment for mass metrology requires careful design and selection of construction materials, plumbing components, pumping, and pressure gauging technologies. We review the vacuum technology(1) required for mass metrology and suggest procedures and hardware for successful and reproducible operation. C1 [Abbott, Patrick J.; Jabour, Zeina J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mech Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Abbott, PJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mech Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM patrick.abbott@nist.gov; zeina.jabbour@nist.gov NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 116 IS 4 BP 689 EP 702 DI 10.6028/jres.116.014 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 832NH UT WOS:000295811200001 PM 26989593 ER PT J AU Gates, RS Reitsma, MG Kramar, JA Pratt, JR AF Gates, Richard S. Reitsma, Mark G. Kramar, John A. Pratt, Jon R. TI Atomic Force Microscope Cantilever Flexural Stiffness Calibration: Toward a Standard Traceable Method SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AFM; calibration; cantilever; spring constant; stiffness ID SPRING CONSTANT; NOISE AB The evolution of the atomic force microscope into a useful tool for measuring mechanical properties of surfaces at the nanoscale has spurred the need for more precise and accurate methods for calibrating the spring constants of test cantilevers. Groups within international standards organizations such as the International Organization for Standardization and the Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards (VAMAS) are conducting studies to determine which methods are best suited for these calibrations and to try to improve the reproducibility and accuracy of these measurements among different laboratories. This paper expands on a recent mini round robin within VAMAS Technical Working Area 29 to measure the spring constant of a single batch of triangular silicon nitride cantilevers sent to three international collaborators. Calibration techniques included reference cantilever, added mass, and two forms of thermal methods. Results are compared to measurements traceable to the International System of Units provided by an electrostatic force balance. A series of guidelines are also discussed for procedures that can improve the running of round robins in atomic force microscopy. C1 [Gates, Richard S.; Reitsma, Mark G.; Kramar, John A.; Pratt, Jon R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gates, RS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM richard.gates@nist.gov; mark.reitsma@gmail.com; john.kramar@nist.gov; jon.pratt@nist.gov NR 18 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 16 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 116 IS 4 BP 703 EP 727 DI 10.6028/jres.116.015 PG 25 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 832NH UT WOS:000295811200002 PM 26989594 ER PT J AU Garberoglio, G Moldover, MR Harvey, AH AF Garberoglio, Giovanni Moldover, Michael R. Harvey, Allan H. TI Improved First-Principles Calculation of the Third Virial Coefficient of Helium SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acoustic virial coefficients; calibration; density; helium; metrology; thermodynamic properties; virial coefficients ID ACOUSTIC THERMOMETRY; BOLTZMANN CONSTANT; SOUND; HE-4; TEMPERATURES; VELOCITY; PROGRESS; SPEED; GAS; 2ND AB We employ state-of-the-art pair and three-body potentials with path-integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) methods to calculate the third density virial coefficient C(T) for helium. The uncertainties are much smaller than those of the best experimental results, and approximately one-fourth the uncertainty of our previous work. We have extended our results in temperature down to 2.6 K, incorporating the effect of spin statistics that become important below approximately 7 K. Results are given for both the He-3 and He-4 isotopes. We have also performed PIMC calculations of the third acoustic virial coefficient gamma(a); our calculated values compare well with the limited experimental data available. A correlating equation for C(T) of He-4 is presented; differentiation of this equation provides a reliable and simpler way of calculating gamma(a). C1 [Garberoglio, Giovanni] FBK CMM, Interdisciplinary Lab Computat Sci LISC, I-38123 Povo, Italy. [Garberoglio, Giovanni] Univ Trent, I-38123 Povo, Italy. [Moldover, Michael R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Temp Pressure & Flow Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Harvey, Allan H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Garberoglio, G (reprint author), FBK CMM, Interdisciplinary Lab Computat Sci LISC, Via Sommar 18, I-38123 Povo, Italy. EM garberoglio@fbk.eu; michael.moldover@nist.gov; allan.harvey@nist.gov RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013; OI Garberoglio, Giovanni/0000-0002-9201-2716 NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 116 IS 4 BP 729 EP 742 DI 10.6028/jres.116.016 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 832NH UT WOS:000295811200003 PM 26989595 ER PT J AU Whitbeck, ER Quinn, GD Quinn, JB AF Whitbeck, Evan R. Quinn, George D. Quinn, Janet B. TI Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on the Fracture Resistance of Dentin SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calcium hydroxide; edge chipping; fracture resistance; human dentin; pulpectomy; teeth ID SODIUM-HYPOCHLORITE; ROOT DENTIN; EDGE-STRENGTH; TOUGHNESS; CERAMICS; GEOMETRY; MODULUS; TISSUE; TEETH AB An increased incidence of fracture has been reported in teeth where root canals were treated with calcium hydroxide. Edge chipping is one test used to measure the resistance of brittle materials to fracture. Presently, no studies have reported on edge chipping in teeth. This study evaluated the fracture resistance of human dentin exposed to calcium hydroxide for up to 60 days using the edge chipping method. Twelve recently extracted teeth were divided into a control group and three experimental groups with varying calcium hydroxide exposures. All teeth underwent pulpectomy via standard protocol. It was expected that the edge chip resistance would decrease as a function of exposure, but the results showed the converse. Chip resistance may reflect both the fracture resistance and the hardness of dentin, a quasi brittle material. C1 [Whitbeck, Evan R.] USN, Comprehens Dent Dept, Sch Postgrad Dent, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Quinn, George D.; Quinn, Janet B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assocoat Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Whitbeck, ER (reprint author), USN, Comprehens Dent Dept, Sch Postgrad Dent, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM whitbeck.evan@gmail.com; george.quinn@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Institute of Health [R01-DE17983] FX The authors appreciate support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and from National Institute of Health Grant R01-DE17983, which made this work possible. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 116 IS 4 BP 743 EP 749 DI 10.6028/jres.116.017 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 832NH UT WOS:000295811200004 PM 26989596 ER PT J AU Mahlstein, I Knutti, R Solomon, S Portmann, RW AF Mahlstein, I. Knutti, R. Solomon, S. Portmann, R. W. TI Early onset of significant local warming in low latitude countries SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE local detection ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; GREENHOUSE-GAS; REGIONAL-SCALE; TEMPERATURE; ATTRIBUTION; FINGERPRINT; IMPACTS; TRENDS AB The Earth is warming on average, and most of the global warming of the past half-century can very likely be attributed to human influence. But the climate in particular locations is much more variable, raising the question of where and when local changes could become perceptible enough to be obvious to people in the form of local warming that exceeds interannual variability; indeed only a few studies have addressed the significance of local signals relative to variability. It is well known that the largest total warming is expected to occur in high latitudes, but high latitudes are also subject to the largest variability, delaying the emergence of significant changes there. Here we show that due to the small temperature variability from one year to another, the earliest emergence of significant warming occurs in the summer season in low latitude countries (approximate to 25 degrees S-25 degrees N). We also show that a local warming signal that exceeds past variability is emerging at present, or will likely emerge in the next two decades, in many tropical countries. Further, for most countries worldwide, a mean global warming of 1 degrees C is sufficient for a significant temperature change, which is less than the total warming projected for any economically plausible emission scenario. The most strongly affected countries emit small amounts of CO(2) per capita and have therefore contributed little to the changes in climate that they are beginning to experience. C1 [Mahlstein, I.; Knutti, R.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Solomon, S.; Portmann, R. W.] NOAA Earth Syst Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Mahlstein, I (reprint author), Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM irina.mahlstein@env.ethz.ch RI Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Knutti, Reto/B-8763-2008; Mahlstein, Irina/D-5373-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; Knutti, Reto/0000-0001-8303-6700; FU Office of Science, US Department of Energy FX We gratefully acknowledge the modelling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, US Department of Energy. NR 35 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 28 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUL-SEP PY 2011 VL 6 IS 3 AR 034009 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/6/3/034009 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826CB UT WOS:000295327900012 ER PT J AU Vasys, VN Desai, AR McKinley, GA Bennington, V Michalak, AM Andrews, AE AF Vasys, Victoria N. Desai, Ankur R. McKinley, Galen A. Bennington, Val Michalak, Anna M. Andrews, Arlyn E. TI The influence of carbon exchange of a large lake on regional tracer-transport inversions: results from Lake Superior SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Lake Superior; tall tower; tracer transport; inverse modeling; STILT ID GREAT-LAKES; CO2; DIOXIDE; FLUXES; WATERS AB Large lakes may constitute a significant component of regional surface-atmosphere fluxes, but few efforts have been made to quantify these fluxes. Tracer-transport inverse models that infer the CO2 flux from the atmospheric concentration typically assume that the influence from large lakes is negligible. CO2 observations from a tall tower in Wisconsin segregated by wind direction suggested a CO2 signature from Lake Superior. To further investigate this difference, source-receptor influence functions derived using a mesoscale transport model were applied and results revealed that air masses sampled by the tower have a transit time over the lake, primarily in winter when the total lake influence on the tower can exceed 20% of the total influence of the regional domain. When the influence functions were convolved with air-lake fluxes estimated from a physical-biogeochemical lake model, the overall total contribution of lake fluxes to the tall tower CO2 were mostly negligible, but potentially detectable in certain periods of fall and winter when lake carbon exchange can be strong and land carbon efflux weak. These findings suggest that large oligotrophic lakes would not significantly influence inverse models that incorporate tall tower CO2. C1 [Desai, Ankur R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Michalak, Anna M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Andrews, Arlyn E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Desai, AR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Climat Res, AOSS 1549,1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM desai@aos.wisc.edu RI Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Desai, Ankur/A-5899-2008 OI Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041 FU NASA [NNX06AE84G]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-0628560, DEB-0845166] FX The authors acknowledge valuable discussions with N Urban at Michigan Technical University. The WRF simulations were conducted by Atmospheric and Environmental Research Inc., supported by NASA under Grant No. NNX06AE84G to the University of Michigan. The STILT simulations were conducted by D Huntzinger, S Gourdji, A Hirsch, K Mueller, G Petron, and M Trudeau, supported by NASA under Grant No. NNX06AE84G and additional support from NOAA ESRL. Support for VNV was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF) via a Research Experience for Undergraduate (REU) internship. GAM, ARD, and VB acknowledge support by NSF OCE-0628560. ARD acknowledges support of tall tower measurements and analysis by NSF DEB-0845166. Tall tower measurements were made possible with assistance of J Kofler of NOAA ESRL, J Thom of U Wisconsin, R Teclaw and D Baumann of the US Forest Service (USFS) Northern Research Station, and R Strand, chief engineer at WLEF, of the Wisconsin Education Communications Board (ECB). NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUL-SEP PY 2011 VL 6 IS 3 AR 034016 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/6/3/034016 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826CB UT WOS:000295327900019 ER PT J AU Moore, JW Hayes, SA Duffy, W Gallagher, S Michel, CJ Wright, D AF Moore, Jonathan W. Hayes, Sean A. Duffy, Walter Gallagher, Sean Michel, Cyril J. Wright, David TI Nutrient fluxes and the recent collapse of coastal California salmon populations SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MARINE-DERIVED NUTRIENTS; PACIFIC SALMON; FRESH-WATER; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; FOOD WEBS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; RESIDENT SALMONIDS; ATLANTIC SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; MARKED ANIMALS AB Migratory salmon move nutrients both in and out of fresh waters during the different parts of their life cycle. We used a mass-balance approach to quantify recent changes in phosphorus (P) fluxes in six coastal California, USA, watersheds that have recently experienced dramatic decreases in salmon populations. As adults, semelparous Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) salmon imported 8.3 and 10.4 times more P from the ocean, respectively, than they exported as smolts, while iteroparous steelhead (i.e., sea-run rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss) imported only 1.6 times more than they exported as kelts and smolts. Semelparous species whose life histories led them to import more nutrients were also the species whose populations decreased the most dramatically in California in recent years. In addition, the relationship between import and export was nonlinear, with export being proportionally more important at lower levels of import. This pattern was driven by two density-dependent processes - smolts were larger and disproportionately more abundant at lower spawner abundances. In fact, in four of our six streams we found evidence that salmon can drive net export of P at low abundance, evidence for the reversal of the "conveyor belt" of nutrients. C1 [Moore, Jonathan W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hayes, Sean A.; Michel, Cyril J.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Duffy, Walter] Humboldt State Univ, USGS Calif Cooperat Fish & Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Gallagher, Sean] Calif State Dept Fish & Game, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. [Wright, David] Campbell Timberlands Management LLC, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. RP Moore, JW (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Res Grp Earth2Ocean, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM jwmoore@sfu.ca FU California Fisheries Restoration Grant; NOAA Fisheries Santa Cruz; University of California Santa Cruz FX Too many individuals to mention by name from the following entities helped collect data used in this study: California Department of Fish and Game, Campbell Timberlands Management, NOAA Fisheries Santa Cruz, and the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission; be assured we value your help. We specifically thank Scott Harris, Shaun Thompson, Wendy Holloway, and Chris Hannon. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. California Fisheries Restoration Grant Program funded much of the field sampling, and NOAA Fisheries Santa Cruz and University of California Santa Cruz provided financial support. We appreciate generously shared insight from experts of steelhead biology, namely George Pess, Todd Seamons, and Kent Mayer. We appreciate insightful comments from Dave Beauchamp, Mark Novak, Corey Phillis, Daniel Schindler, Mark Wipfli, and several anonymous reviewers on earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 27 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 68 IS 7 BP 1161 EP 1170 DI 10.1139/F2011-054 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 824EO UT WOS:000295185400002 ER PT J AU Honkalehto, T Ressler, PH Towler, RH Wilson, CD AF Honkalehto, Taina Ressler, Patrick H. Towler, Richard H. Wilson, Christopher D. TI Using acoustic data from fishing vessels to estimate walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) abundance in the eastern Bering Sea SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SILENT SHIPS SOMETIMES; STOCK; ENCOUNTER; BEHAVIOR; INDEXES; TIME AB Eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) support one of the world's largest fisheries. Because of walleye pollock's high recruitment variability and relatively short life span, timely and accurate abundance indices are needed for fisheries management. Walleye pollock are surveyed biennially with an acoustic-trawl (AT) survey and annually with a bottom trawl (BT) survey. The latter tracks the demersal portion of the population using chartered fishing vessels, whereas the AT survey tracks the younger, midwater portion using research vessels and is critical for evaluating prerecruit abundances. Acoustic data collected from commercial fishing vessels conducting the BT survey were analyzed to provide information on midwater walleye pollock abundance at relatively low cost. A retrospective analysis of AT survey data identified a suitable index area to track midwater walleye pollock abundance. The BT survey acoustic data in that area tracked the AT survey abundance and captured its broad spatial patterns. This study is unique because commercial vessel acoustic data were used to estimate a new annual abundance index whose performance can be evaluated by a biennial research vessel survey. The new index will benefit managers by providing more accurate information on near-term abundance trends when dedicated research ship time is not available. C1 [Honkalehto, Taina; Ressler, Patrick H.; Towler, Richard H.; Wilson, Christopher D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Honkalehto, T (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Taina.Honkalehto@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 68 IS 7 BP 1231 EP 1242 DI 10.1139/F2011-050 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 824EO UT WOS:000295185400007 ER PT J AU Bromage, TG Juwayeyi, YM Smolyar, I Hu, B Gomez, S Scaringi, VJ Chavis, S Bondalapati, P Kaur, K Chisi, J AF Bromage, Timothy G. Juwayeyi, Yusuf M. Smolyar, Igor Hu, Bin Gomez, Santiago Scaringi, Vincent J. Chavis, Sydnee Bondalapati, Premsai Kaur, Khushmit Chisi, John TI Signposts ahead: Hard tissue signals on rue Armand de Ricqles SO COMPTES RENDUS PALEVOL LA English DT Article DE Enamel striae of Retzius; Lamellar bone; Growth rhythms ID LAMELLAR BONE; RHYTHMS; SCALE AB Of the major contributions to our understanding of the skeleton made by Armand de Ricqles is the notion that within the microanatomy of bone we may observe "signals", some relating to phylogeny, and others to aspects of growth, function, and physiology. We are motivated to follow this road, as it were, and read the "signposts" along the way. Incremental structures are such signposts, representing biological rhythms as successive forming fronts in enamel and bone. A long period rhythm in humans, which occurs on average every eight to nine days, is observed in enamel as the stria of Retzius and in bone as the lamella. Because lamellae are formed within defined periods of time, quantitative measures of widths of individual lamellae provide time-resolved growth rate variability. Results obtained on primary incremental lamellar bone from midshaft femur histological sections of sub-Saharan Africans of Bantu origin and known life history reveal environmental effects heretofore unknown. (C) 2011 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Bromage, Timothy G.; Hu, Bin; Scaringi, Vincent J.] NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Biomat & Biomimet, New York, NY 10010 USA. [Juwayeyi, Yusuf M.] Long Isl Univ, Dept Anthropol, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Smolyar, Igor] NOAA, Ocean Climate Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Gomez, Santiago] Univ Cadiz, Dept Pathol Anat, Cadiz, Spain. [Chavis, Sydnee] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bondalapati, Premsai; Kaur, Khushmit] Plainview Old Bethpage John F Kennedy High Sch, Plainview, NY USA. [Chisi, John] Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Dept Haematol, Blantyre, Malawi. RP Bromage, TG (reprint author), NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Biomat & Biomimet, 345 E 24th St, New York, NY 10010 USA. EM tim.bromage@nyu.edu FU Ministerio de Educacion, Spain; University of Maryland; NYUCD Office; National Science Foundation [BCS-0741827]; Max Planck Research Award FX We acknowledge assistance from Maggie Ndhlove for following up the family histories of our UMCOM subjects. Support for SG's sabbatical at NYUCD was granted by the Ministerio de Educacion, Spain. Summer research support for SC was provided by a University of Maryland 2010 Summer Internship Scholarship, and for VS it was provided by NYUCD Office of the Dean of Research Summer Research Program for incoming D1 students. This study was supported by a National Science Foundation grant in aid or research to TGB and YMJ (BCS-0741827) and by the 2010 Max Planck Research Award support of TGB's Hard Tissue Research Program in Human Paleobiomics. Finally, we thank Armand de Ricqles for setting us onto the road and for teaching us how to read the signposts along the way. We are grateful to Michel Laurin and Jorge Cubo for the invitation to attend the symposium in Armand's honour and to present this paper. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1631-0683 J9 CR PALEVOL JI C. R. Palevol PD JUL-SEP PY 2011 VL 10 IS 5-6 BP 499 EP 507 DI 10.1016/j.crpv.2011.01.009 PG 9 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 822DJ UT WOS:000295023800021 ER PT J AU Tai, CK AF Tai Chang-Kou TI Inferring the global mean sea level from a global tide gauge network SO ACTA OCEANOLOGICA SINICA LA English DT Article DE sea level; remote sensing; global warming ID SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; NORTH PACIFIC; OCEAN; CIRCULATION; AMERICA; RISE AB An attempt is made to infer the global mean sea level (GMSL) from a global tide gauge network and frame the problem in terms of the limitations of the network. The network, owing to its limited number of gauges and poor geographical distribution complicated further by unknown vertical land movements, is ill suited for measuring the GMSL. Yet it remains the only available source for deciphering the sea level rise over the last 100 a. The poor sampling characteristics of the tide gauge network have necessitated the usage of statistical inference. A linear optimal estimator based on the Gauss-Markov theorem seems well suited for the job. This still leaves a great deal of freedom in choosing the estimator. GMSL is poorly correlated with tide gauge measurements because the small uniform rise and fall of sea level are masked by the far larger regional signals. On the other hand, a regional mean sea level (RMSL) is much better correlated with the corresponding regional tide gauge measurements. Since the GMSL is simply the sum of RMSLs, the problem is transformed to one of estimating the RMSLs from regional tide gauge measurements. Specifically for the annual heating and cooling cycle, we separate the global ocean into 10A degrees-latitude bands and compute for each 10A degrees-latitude band the estimator that predicts its RMSL from tide gauges within. In the future, the statistical correlations are to be computed using satellite altimetry. However, as a first attempt, we have used numerical model outputs instead to isolate the problem so as not to get distracted by altimetry or tide gauge errors. That is, model outputs for sea level at tide gauge locations of the GLOSS network are taken as tide gauge measurements, and the RMSLs are computed from the model outputs. The results show an estimation error of approximately 2 mm versus an error of 2.7 cm if we simply average the tide gauge measurements to estimate the GMSL, caused by the much larger regional seasonal cycle and mesoscale variation plaguing the individual tide gauges. The numerical model, Los Alamos POP model Run 11 lasting 3 1/4 a, is one of the best eddy-resolving models and does a good job simulating the annual heating and cooling cycle, but it has no global or regional trend. Thus it has basically succeeded in estimating the seasonal cycle of the GMSL. This is still going to be the case even if we use the altimetry data because the RMSLs are dominated by the seasonal cycle in relatively short periods. For estimating the GMSL trend, longer records and low-pass filtering to isolate the statistical relations that are of interest. Here we have managed to avoid the much larger regional seasonal cycle plaguing individual tide gauges to get a fairly accurate estimate of the much smaller seasonal cycle in the GMSL so as to enhance the prospect of an accurate estimate of GMSL trend in short periods. One should reasonably expect to be able to do the same for longer periods during which tide gauges are plagued by much larger regional interannual (e. g., ENSO events) and decadal sea level variations. In the future, with the availability of the satellite altimeter data, we could use the same approach adopted here to estimate the seasonal variations of GMSL and RMSL accurately and remove these seasonal variations accordingly so as to get a more accurate statistical inference between the tide gauge data and the RMSLs (therefore the GMSL) at periods longer than 1 a, i. e., the long-term trend. C1 NOAA, Natl Environm Stellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Tai, CK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Stellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM CK.Tai@noaa.gov RI Tai, C.K./F-5628-2010 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0253-505X J9 ACTA OCEANOL SIN JI Acta Oceanol. Sin. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 30 IS 4 BP 102 EP 106 DI 10.1007/s13131-011-0140-5 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 818WX UT WOS:000294787700011 ER PT J AU Ryan, J Greenfield, D Marin, R Preston, C Roman, B Jensen, S Pargett, D Birch, J Mikulski, C Doucette, G Scholin, C AF Ryan, J. Greenfield, D. Marin, R., III Preston, C. Roman, B. Jensen, S. Pargett, D. Birch, J. Mikulski, C. Doucette, G. Scholin, C. TI Harmful phytoplankton ecology studies using an autonomous molecular analytical and ocean observing network SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN MONTEREY BAY; PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA-AUSTRALIS; DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; SAMPLE PROCESSOR ESP; RNA-TARGETED PROBES; THIN-LAYERS; RED TIDE; HYBRIDIZATION FORMATS; KARENIA-BREVIS; DNA PROBES AB Using autonomous molecular analytical devices embedded within an ocean observatory, we studied harmful algal bloom (HAB) ecology in the dynamic coastal waters of Monterey Bay, California. During studies in 2007 and 2008, HAB species abundance and toxin concentrations were quantified periodically at two locations by Environmental Sample Processor (ESP) robotic biochemistry systems. Concurrently, environmental variability and processes were characterized by sensors co-located with ESP network nodes, regional ocean moorings, autonomous underwater vehicle surveys, and satellite remote sensing. The two locations differed in their long-term average physical and biological conditions and in their degree of exposure to episodic wind-forced variability. While anomalously weak upwelling and strong stratification during the 2007 study favored toxigenic dinoflagellates (Alexandrium catenella), anomalously strong upwelling during the 2008 study favored toxigenic diatoms (Pseudo-nitzschia spp.). During both studies, raphidophytes (Heterosigma akashiwo) were detected within a similar range of concentrations, and they reached higher abundances at the relatively sheltered, stratified site. During 2008, cellular domoic acid reached higher concentrations and was far more variable at the shallower ESP node, where phytoplankton populations were influenced by resuspended sediments. Episodic variability caused by wind forcing, lateral mixing, internal waves, and subsurface phytoplankton layers influenced ESP detection patterns. The results illustrate the importance of mobilizing HAB detection on autonomous platforms that can intelligently target sample acquisition as a function of environmental conditions and biological patch encounter. C1 [Ryan, J.; Marin, R., III; Preston, C.; Roman, B.; Jensen, S.; Pargett, D.; Birch, J.; Scholin, C.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Greenfield, D.] Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC USA. [Mikulski, C.; Doucette, G.] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC USA. RP Ryan, J (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM ryjo@mbari.org FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; MBARI; National Science Foundation [0314222, 0424599, 0314089]; NASA [NNG06GB34G]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [ERG731]; NOAA Center for Integrated Marine Technology [NA160C2936] FX We thank the engineering technicians and machinists at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) for their invaluable help and dedication toward instrument development and the MBARI Marine Operations for support of mooring deployments and autonomous underwater vehicle operations. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data were provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Level 1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System. MODIS data processing utilized the SeaWiFS Data Analysis System software and algorithms developed by the MODIS Ocean Biology Processing Group. The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data shown in Fig. 14 were provided by R. Kudela, UCSC; AVHRR processing was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) CoastWatch and the Central and Northern California Ocean Observing System programs. We thank J. Cullen and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive reviews of the original manuscript. This research was supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. Development and application of the ESP have been funded in part by grants from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, through funds allocated by MBARI, the National Science Foundation (Ocean Sciences 0314222 and Emerging Frontiers 0424599 to C. S., and Ocean Sciences 0314089 to G. J. D.), NASA (NNG06GB34G to C. S.), and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (ERG731 to C. S.). Funding for mooring M0 support was through the NOAA Center for Integrated Marine Technology (NA160C2936). This manuscript does not constitute an endorsement of any commercial product or intend to offer an opinion beyond scientific or other results obtained by the NOAA. No reference shall be made to NOAA, or this publication furnished by NOAA, to any advertising or sales promotion, which would indicate or imply that NOAA recommends or endorses any proprietary product mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an interest to cause the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this publication. NR 64 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1255 EP 1272 DI 10.4319/lo.2011.56.4.1255 PG 18 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 816LZ UT WOS:000294603400007 ER PT J AU Sunda, WG Huntsman, SA AF Sunda, William G. Huntsman, Susan A. TI Interactive effects of light and temperature on iron limitation in a marine diatom: Implications for marine productivity and carbon cycling SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; CHLOROPHYLL-A; THALASSIOSIRA-WEISSFLOGII; USE EFFICIENCIES; SURFACE WATERS; COASTAL DIATOM; OCEAN; SEAWATER AB We examined effects of light intensity, photoperiod, and temperature on iron uptake rates, cellular iron : carbon (Fe : C) ratios, chlorophyll a, and specific growth rate in the coastal diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Decreasing any of these variables decreased growth and increased the cellular Fe : C ratio needed to support a given growth rate. However, because iron-limited growth rates (mu) and iron-sufficient growth rates (mu(max)) decreased by similar relative amounts, relationships between the relative degree of iron limitation (mu/mu(max)) and the mean daily concentration of biologically available dissolved inorganic iron species (mean [Fe']) varied little, as we had observed previously in three other algal species with varying light intensity. Thus, one might expect changes in light and temperature to have only a minimal effect on iron limitation in the ocean. However, because increasing light can increase [Fe'] via photolysis of ferric chelates and resulting iron redox cycling, light increases can decrease iron limitation of algal growth rate, an effect we observed here for diatom growth in media containing Fe chelates with ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA). This photochemical effect is enhanced at low temperatures, which should increase algal growth rates in cold water regions of the ocean, where growth is often limited by an insufficient supply of iron. This effect could increase the ocean's biological carbon pump and thereby decrease CO(2)-linked greenhouse warming. But this cold water enhancement of iron availability may be countered by ongoing global warming, generating a potential positive feedback that further increases atmospheric CO(2) and global temperatures. C1 [Sunda, William G.; Huntsman, Susan A.] Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Sunda, WG (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM bill.sunda@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1475 EP 1488 DI 10.4319/lo.2011.56.4.1475 PG 14 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 816LZ UT WOS:000294603400024 ER PT J AU Islam, R Edwards, EE Kim, K Korenblit, S Noh, C Carmichael, H Lin, GD Duan, LM Wang, CCJ Freericks, JK Monroe, C AF Islam, R. Edwards, E. E. Kim, K. Korenblit, S. Noh, C. Carmichael, H. Lin, G. -D. Duan, L. -M. Wang, C. -C. Joseph Freericks, J. K. Monroe, C. TI Onset of a quantum phase transition with a trapped ion quantum simulator SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB A quantum simulator is a well-controlled quantum system that can follow the evolution of a prescribed model whose behaviour may be difficult to determine. A good example is the simulation of a set of interacting spins, where phase transitions between various spin orders can underlie poorly understood concepts such as spin liquids. Here we simulate the emergence of magnetism by implementing a fully connected non-uniform ferromagnetic quantum Ising model using up to 9 trapped Yb-171(+) ions. By increasing the Ising coupling strengths compared with the transverse field, the crossover from paramagnetism to ferromagnetic order sharpens as the system is scaled up, prefacing the expected quantum phase transition in the thermodynamic limit. We measure scalable order parameters appropriate for large systems, such as various moments of the magnetization. As the results are theoretically tractable, this work provides a critical benchmark for the simulation of intractable arbitrary fully connected Ising models in larger systems. C1 [Islam, R.; Edwards, E. E.; Kim, K.; Korenblit, S.; Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Islam, R.; Edwards, E. E.; Kim, K.; Korenblit, S.; Monroe, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Noh, C.; Carmichael, H.] Univ Auckland, Dept Phys, Auckland, New Zealand. [Lin, G. -D.; Duan, L. -M.] Univ Michigan, MCTP, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Lin, G. -D.; Duan, L. -M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wang, C. -C. Joseph; Freericks, J. K.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Islam, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kri@umd.edu RI Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011; Freericks, James/D-7502-2011; OI Freericks, James/0000-0002-6232-9165 FU Army Research Office [911NF0710576]; DARPA; IARPA; NSF; European Program on Atomic Quantum Technologies FX We thank D. Huse for help with theoretical understanding of the quantum Ising model and finite-size scaling. This work is supported under Army Research Office under Award No. 911NF0710576 with funds from the DARPA Optical Lattice Emulator Program, IARPA under ARO contract, the NSF Physics at the Information Frontier Program, the European Program on Atomic Quantum Technologies, and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI. NR 26 TC 160 Z9 160 U1 1 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 2 AR 377 DI 10.1038/ncomms1374 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 819DJ UT WOS:000294805300004 PM 21730958 ER PT J AU Santora, JA Ralston, S Sydeman, WJ AF Santora, Jarrod A. Ralston, Stephen Sydeman, William J. TI Spatial organization of krill and seabirds in the central California Current SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acoustics; Cassin's auklet; Euphausia pacifica; interannual; sooty shearwater; spatial ecology; Thysanoessa spinifera ID COASTAL UPWELLING SYSTEM; ANTARCTIC KRILL; EUPHAUSIA-PACIFICA; THYSANOESSA-SPINIFERA; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; POPULATION BIOLOGY; MONTEREY BAY; VARIABILITY; ABUNDANCE; CLIMATE AB The hypothesis that krill and krill-predator spatial organization and abundance co-vary interannually was tested by investigating the spatial organization of krill and planktivorous seabirds in the central California Current ecosystem over 5 years of varying oceanographic conditions, 2002-2006. To measure the abundance and distribution of krill, data were integrated from large-scale hydroacoustic surveys and station-based net samples, and these data linked to concurrent shipboard visual surveys of seabirds. Acoustically based estimates of the relative abundance of krill were correlated with net samples of Euphausia pacifica, suggesting that acoustic signals mainly reflected the distribution of this numerically dominant species. The distribution and abundance of krill displayed marked changes over years, but the characteristic spatial scale of krill and seabirds remained similar (1-4 nautical miles), confirming the hypothesis of covariance in spatial structure. Krill and the seabird species investigated showed similar habitat associations, i.e. the outer shelf and shelf-slope region, showing that the at-sea distributions of seabirds can provide information on the presence/absence of krill patches. The results also underscore the importance of measuring spatial organization as well as relative abundance in promoting better understanding of predator-prey and marine ecosystem dynamics. C1 [Santora, Jarrod A.; Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Ralston, Stephen] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Santora, JA (reprint author), Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, POB 750756, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. EM jasantora@gmail.com FU California Ocean Protection Council; California Sea Grant [OPC-ENV-07]; NASA [NNX09AU39G] FX We thank members of the NOAA-NMFS JRS team, including Keith Sakuma, Ken Baltz, and John Field, as well as Baldo Marinovic, for providing information from net data on relative abundance. Acoustic processing was greatly enhanced through collaboration with the NOAA-NMFS US Antarctic Marine Living Resources programme, and we are grateful for the assistance and support of Anthony Cossio and Christian Reiss in facilitating the acoustic analyses. We also thank several anonymous reviewers and Keith Reid for suggestions that greatly improved the paper. Funding for the project was made possible through a grant to WJS and Steven J. Bograd from the California Ocean Protection Council and California Sea Grant (OPC-ENV-07) and to Francisco Chavez and Brian Wells from NASA (project NNX09AU39G). NR 51 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 68 IS 7 BP 1391 EP 1402 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr046 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 810YS UT WOS:000294167800003 ER PT J AU Hulson, PJF Hanselman, DH Quinn, TJ AF Hulson, Peter-John F. Hanselman, Dana H. Quinn, Terrance J., II TI Effects of process and observation errors on effective sample size of fishery and survey age and length composition using variance ratio and likelihood methods SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Dirichlet likelihood; effective sample size; multinomial distribution; stock assessment ID STOCK ASSESSMENT; CATCH; MODELS; BOOTSTRAP; ABUNDANCE; INDEXES; GULF AB Observations of age or length composition from fisheries or research surveys are modelled frequently with the multinomial distribution. Violations of multinomial assumptions in data collection usually cause overdispersion of observations and consequent underestimation of uncertainty. This has led to the adoption of an effective sample size less than the actual sample size to approximate the likelihood function for age or length composition better in, for example, fishery stock assessment models. The behaviour of effective sample size is examined under different scenarios for population age distribution and sampling design. Effective sample size was approximated with three approaches: (i) the ratio of multinomial to empirical variance; (ii) sampling estimation; and (iii) the Dirichlet likelihood. The most significant changes in effective sample size were attributable to process error involving aggregation of ages within schools. In terms of observation error, effective sample size can be increased by increasing the number of tows from which samples are obtained for age or length composition, then, because of the reduced uncertainty in effective sample size, the Dirichlet likelihood can be integrated into the objective function of fishery stock assessment models to estimate the effective sample size in future assessments. C1 [Hulson, Peter-John F.; Quinn, Terrance J., II] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Hanselman, Dana H.] Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Hulson, PJF (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM phulson@alaska.edu FU Alaska Sea Grant; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Sea; Department of Commerce [NA06OAR4170013, R/31-16]; University of Alaska; Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research/Alaska Fisheries Science Center (CIFAR/AFSC) FX This publication is the result of research sponsored by Alaska Sea Grant with funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce, under grant NA06OAR4170013 (project number R/31-16), and from the University of Alaska with funds appropriated by the state and the Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research/Alaska Fisheries Science Center (CIFAR/AFSC) fellowship program. We thank Milo Adkison, Brenda Norcross, and Gary Marty for helpful comments and advice, Kalei Shotwell for the bottom-trawl survey data and very helpful geographic representations, and Paul Crone and an anonymous referee for valuable comments on an earlier draft of this paper. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 68 IS 7 BP 1548 EP 1557 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr102 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 810YS UT WOS:000294167800017 ER PT J AU Somerton, DA Williams, K von Szalay, PG Rose, CS AF Somerton, David A. Williams, Kresimir von Szalay, Paul G. Rose, Craig S. TI Using acoustics to estimate the fish-length selectivity of trawl mesh SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fish-length selection; hydroacoustics; trawl selectivity; walleye pollock ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; COD GADUS-MACROCEPHALUS; WALLEYE POLLOCK; TARGET-STRENGTH; PACIFIC COD; SAMPLING TRAWL; NORTH-SEA; EFFICIENCY; VESSEL AB Estimation of the retention probability of a trawlnet traditionally involves conducting experiments during which the fish escaping through the meshes are recaptured using either small-mesh pocketnets attached to the outside of the net or by enclosing the entire trawlnet in a small-mesh net. A new method of estimating the length selectivity of trawl mesh is demonstrated; it does not require the recapture of escaping fish but instead uses standard acoustic methods to estimate the abundance of fish entering the net before mesh selection. The method was applied to the 83-112 eastern otter trawl used by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC) to conduct bottom-trawl surveys in the eastern Bering Sea (EBS), and the Aleutian wing trawl used by the AFSC to collect midwater biological samples of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) during fishery acoustic surveys of the EBS and Gulf of Alaska. The length selectivities of both trawls were also estimated using standard recapture experiments. For both, the estimated lengths at 50% selection (L(50)) from the acoustic method were similar to the estimates from the recapture experiments, but the estimated selection ranges were narrower. The advantages of the acoustic method are that it is simpler to use than traditional fish-recapture methods and it does not alter normal trawl performance. C1 [Somerton, David A.; Williams, Kresimir; von Szalay, Paul G.; Rose, Craig S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. RP Somerton, DA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. EM david.somerton@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 68 IS 7 BP 1558 EP 1565 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr083 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 810YS UT WOS:000294167800018 ER PT J AU Toft, JE Punt, AE Little, LR AF Toft, Jodie E. Punt, Andre E. Little, L. Richard TI Modelling the economic and ecological impacts of the transition to individual transferable quotas in the multispecies US west coast groundfish trawl fleet SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE agent-based model; fishery management; fishing behaviour; fleet dynamics; spatial distribution ID IDEAL FREE DISTRIBUTION; NEW-ZEALAND; ISIS-FISH; FISHERIES; BEHAVIOR; MANAGEMENT; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS; CATCH; STRATEGIES AB There is a need to understand the potential impacts on ecosystems and economies from shifting fisheries management towards individual transferable quota (ITQ) programmes. Multispecies fisheries present the challenge of understanding spatial patterns in fisher behaviour as they strive to balance profitable target catches while avoiding species with low catch limits. A spatially explicit model of biological and fleet dynamics was constructed to evaluate how the limited-entry groundfish trawl fleet off the US west coast and selected groundfish species (targeted Dover sole, and overfished darkblotched rockfish) were affected by two approaches to management: trip limits and ITQs. The model includes regional populations for both species, provides biological and socio-economic outputs, and determines quota price endogenously when applied for ITQs. Under ITQ management, effort and the total landings of the overfished species, darkblotched rockfish, were lower, coastwide profits higher, and the centre of fishing activity shifted south to areas with lower landing rates of darkblotched rockfish. The framework presented holds promise for obtaining insight about how new, untested management alternatives affect coastal and marine resources and those who rely on them. C1 [Toft, Jodie E.] Stanford Univ, NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Punt, Andre E.; Little, L. Richard] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Little, L. Richard] Australian Natl Univ, Crawford Sch Econ & Govt, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Toft, JE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jetoft@stanford.edu RI Little, Rich/E-7578-2011; OI Little, Rich/0000-0002-5650-7391; Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 FU Washington Sea Grant; NOAA Fisheries [NA17RJ1232]; University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences FX We thank Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission staff for providing logbook data. Funding was provided by Washington Sea Grant, NOAA Fisheries, under grant NA17RJ1232, and the University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences. The manuscript was improved by input from Oliver Thebaud, the editor, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 55 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 25 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 68 IS 7 BP 1566 EP 1579 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr095 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 810YS UT WOS:000294167800019 ER PT J AU Huang, JR Brown, CL Yang, TB AF Huang, J. R. Brown, C. L. Yang, T. B. TI Spatio-temporal patterns of crab fisheries in the main bays of Guangdong Province, China SO IRANIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Crab fisheries; Spatial and temporal distribution; Bays of Guangdong Province; China ID PORTUNIDAE; BRACHYURA; ESTUARY; MIGRATION; BIOLOGY AB Using a semi-balloon otter trawl, crab fisheries in the main bays of Guangdong Province, China, were carried out seasonally. A total of 70 species were found, all belonging to the South China Sea Faunal sub region in the tropical India-West-Pacific Faunal Region. The clustering and nMDS ordination analysis revealed the existence of three groups. Group 1 included Hailing Bay and four bays to its east where typical species were Portunus sanguinolentus, P. pelagicus and Charybdis feriatus. Group 2 included Shuidong Bay and Leizhou Bay where typical species were P. sanguinolentus, P. pelagicus and P. hastatoides. Group 3 was Liusha Bay where typical species were C. feriatus, C. vadorum and C. truncate. The spatial and temporal variations of crab fisheries were mainly associated with characteristics of the sediment, seasonal changes and their own biological characteristics, but not significantly with water depth, temperature, salinity, and the "mid-summer fishing moratorium" conservation measure. C1 [Huang, J. R.; Yang, T. B.] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Life Sci, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Brown, C. L.] NOAA, Aquaculture & Enhancement Div, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Yang, TB (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Life Sci, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM lssyangtb@163.com FU special survey and study of water environments in Guandong Province [GD908-01-03] FX The authors are grateful to Jianyong Liu and Yanpeng Shen in the School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Weihua Zhou and Yan Yan of the South China Sea Institute of Oceanography Academy of Sciences, for their help with the fieldwork. The fishermen (Fish boat No: Shanwei 20172) provided technical assistance in collecting the specimens. Financial support for this research was provided by the 908 special survey and study of water environments in Guandong Province (No: GD908-01-03). NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU IRANIAN FISHERIES RESEARCH ORGANIZATION PI TEHRAN PA NO 297 W FATEMI AVE, P O BOX 14155-6116, TEHRAN, 00000, IRAN SN 1562-2916 J9 IRAN J FISH SCI JI Iran. J. Fish. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 10 IS 3 BP 425 EP 436 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 814II UT WOS:000294441500007 ER PT J AU de Ronde, CEJ Massoth, GJ Butterfield, DA Christenson, BW Ishibashi, J Ditchburn, RG Hannington, MD Brathwaite, RL Lupton, JE Kamenetsky, VS Graham, IJ Zellmer, GF Dziak, RP Embley, RW Dekov, VM Munnik, F Lahr, J Evans, LJ Takai, K AF de Ronde, Cornel E. J. Massoth, Gary J. Butterfield, David A. Christenson, Bruce W. Ishibashi, Junichiro Ditchburn, Robert G. Hannington, Mark D. Brathwaite, Robert L. Lupton, John E. Kamenetsky, Vadim S. Graham, Ian J. Zellmer, Georg F. Dziak, Robert P. Embley, Robert W. Dekov, Vesselin M. Munnik, Frank Lahr, Janine Evans, Leigh J. Takai, Ken TI Submarine hydrothermal activity and gold-rich mineralization at Brothers Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand SO MINERALIUM DEPOSITA LA English DT Article ID CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES; EAST PACIFIC RISE; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; DE-FUCA RIDGE; AXIAL VOLCANO; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; SW PACIFIC; ISLAND-ARC; FLUIDS AB Brothers volcano, of the Kermadec intraoceanic arc, is host to a hydrothermal system unique among seafloor hydrothermal systems known anywhere in the world. It has two distinct vent fields, known as the NW Caldera and Cone sites, whose geology, permeability, vent fluid compositions, mineralogy, and ore-forming conditions are in stark contrast to each other. The NW Caldera site strikes for similar to 600 m in a SW-NE direction with chimneys occurring over a similar to 145-m depth interval, between similar to 1,690 and 1,545 m. At least 100 dead and active sulfide chimney spires occur in this field and are typically 2-3 m in height, with some reaching 6-7 m. Their ages (at time of sampling) fall broadly into three groups: < 4, 23, and 35 years old. The chimneys typically occur near the base of individual fault-controlled benches on the caldera wall, striking in lines orthogonal to the slopes. Rarer are massive sulfide crusts 2-3 m thick. Two main types of chimney predominate: Cu-rich (up to 28.5 wt.% Cu) and, more commonly, Zn-rich (up to 43.8 wt.% Zn). Geochemical results show that Mo, Bi, Co, Se, Sn, and Au (up to 91 ppm) are correlated with the Cu mineralization, whereas Cd, Hg, Sb, Ag, and As are associated with the dominant Zn-rich mineralization. The Cone site comprises the Upper Cone site atop the summit of the recent (main) dacite cone and the Lower Cone site that straddles the summit of an older, smaller, more degraded dacite cone on the NE flank of the main cone. Huge volumes of diffuse venting are seen at the Lower Cone site, in contrast to venting at both the Upper Cone and NW Caldera sites. Individual vents are marked by low-relief (a parts per thousand currency sign0.5 m) mounds comprising predominately native sulfur with bacterial mats. Vent fluids of the NW Caldera field are focused, hot (a parts per thousand currency sign300A degrees C), acidic (pH a parts per thousand yenaEuro parts per thousand 2.8), metal-rich, and gas-poor. Calculated end-member fluids from NW Caldera vents indicate that phase separation has occurred, with Cl values ranging from 93% to 137% of seawater values. By contrast, vent fluids at the Cone site are diffuse, noticeably cooler (a parts per thousand currency sign122A degrees C), more acidic (pH 1.9), metal-poor, and gas-rich. Higher-than-seawater values of SO4 and Mg in the Cone vent fluids show that these ions are being added to the hydrothermal fluid and are not being depleted via normal water/rock interactions. Iron oxide crusts 3 years in age cover the main cone summit and appear to have formed from Fe-rich brines. Evidence for magmatic contributions to the hydrothermal system at Brothers includes: high concentrations of dissolved CO2 (e.g., 206 mM/kg at the Cone site); high CO2/He-3; negative delta D and delta O-18(H2O) for vent fluids; negative delta S-34 for sulfides (to -4.6aEuro degrees), sulfur (to -10.2aEuro degrees), and delta N-15(2) (to -3.5aEuro degrees); vent fluid pH values to 1.9; and mineral assemblages common to high-sulfidation systems. Changing physicochemical conditions at the Brothers hydrothermal system, and especially the Cone site, occur over periods of months to hundreds of years, as shown by interlayered Cu + Au- and Zn-rich zones in chimneys, variable fluid and isotopic compositions, similar shifts in He-3/He-4 values for both Cone and NW Caldera sites, and overprinting of "magmatic" mineral assemblages by water/rock-dominated assemblages. Metals, especially Cu and possibly Au, may be entering the hydrothermal system via thedissolution of metal-rich glasses. They are then transported rapidly up into the system via magmatic volatiles utilizing vertical (similar to 2.5 km long), narrow (similar to 300-m diameter) "pipes," consistent with evidence of vent fluids forming at relatively shallow depths. The NW Caldera and Cone sites are considered to represent stages along a continuum between water/rock- and magmatic/hydrothermal-dominated end-members. C1 [de Ronde, Cornel E. J.; Massoth, Gary J.; Christenson, Bruce W.; Ditchburn, Robert G.; Brathwaite, Robert L.; Graham, Ian J.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt 6315, New Zealand. [Butterfield, David A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ishibashi, Junichiro] Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fac Sci, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Hannington, Mark D.] Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Lupton, John E.; Dziak, Robert P.; Embley, Robert W.; Evans, Leigh J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Kamenetsky, Vadim S.] Univ Tasmania, CODES, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Zellmer, Georg F.] Acad Sinica, Inst Earth Sci, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. [Dekov, Vesselin M.] Univ Sofia, Dept Geol & Paleontol, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria. [Munnik, Frank] Forschungszentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Inst Ion Beam Phys & Mat Res, D-01328 Dresden, Germany. [Lahr, Janine] FU Berlin, FB Geowissensch, FR Geochem, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. [Takai, Ken] Japan Marine Sci & Technol Ctr JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. RP de Ronde, CEJ (reprint author), GNS Sci, 1 Fairway Dr,Avalon,POB 30-368, Lower Hutt 6315, New Zealand. EM cornel.deronde@gns.cri.nz RI Kamenetsky, Vadim/B-1019-2008; Zellmer, Georg/M-6258-2014; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016 OI Kamenetsky, Vadim/0000-0002-2734-8790; Zellmer, Georg/0000-0001-5450-9353; Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279 FU AIM [025646]; Foundation for Research Science and Technology (FRST) [C05X0406] FX We would like to acknowledge discussions with Agnes Reyes (GNS Science) on petrography and hydrothermal systems in general. Ashley Rowden (NIWA) provided information on the animals present at Brothers, while Ian Wright (NIWA) provided the bathymetric data that allowed Susan Merle (NOAA/PMEL) to create Figs. 2 and 3. We thank the captains and members of the crew of the R/V Yokosuka and R/V Ka'imikai-o-Kanaloa for safe handling of the ships and equipment, and the pilots of Shinkai 6500 and Pisces V for enabling diverse sampling to be accomplished. Julia Vodanovich, Andrew Gray, and Kitty Higbee also created some of the figures. The PIXE studies were funded by the AIM (RITA Contract #025646) Programme. This research was funded by Foundation for Research Science and Technology (FRST) contract C05X0406. We acknowledge reviews made by Bruce Gemmell, Sven Petersen, Fernando Tornos, and Bernd Lehmann. NR 65 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 7 U2 63 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0026-4598 J9 MINER DEPOSITA JI Miner. Depos. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 46 IS 5-6 BP 541 EP 584 DI 10.1007/s00126-011-0345-8 PG 44 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 795UG UT WOS:000293000800006 ER PT J AU Ciezak, JA Jenkins, TA AF Ciezak, Jennifer A. Jenkins, Timothy A. TI Optical cell for in situ vibrational spectroscopic measurements at high pressures and shear SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article DE diamond; high-pressure techniques; phase transformations; Raman spectroscopy; vibration measurement ID DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; X-RAY; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; RAMAN; GPA; ELASTICITY AB An optical cell is described for performing simultaneous static high-pressure and shear experiments. This cell design is a modification of the previously designed megabar diamond anvil cell used by Mao and Bell that allows for controlled, remote shear. With this diamond anvil cell, it is possible to use a wide range of existing experimental techniques and pressure media. The cell was validated on a sample of calcite at 5 kbar. Raman measurements show the onset of the phase transformation from calcite to aragonite at 10 degrees of rotation. [doi:10.1063/1.3606640] C1 [Ciezak, Jennifer A.] USA, Res Lab, RDRL WML B, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Jenkins, Timothy A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ciezak, JA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, RDRL WML B, Bldg 390, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM Jennifer.ciezak@us.army.mil NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 82 IS 7 AR 073905 DI 10.1063/1.3606640 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 802GX UT WOS:000293498400033 PM 21806197 ER PT J AU Eisaman, MD Fan, J Migdall, A Polyakov, SV AF Eisaman, M. D. Fan, J. Migdall, A. Polyakov, S. V. TI Invited Review Article: Single-photon sources and detectors SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Review DE infrared detectors; photodetectors; quantum communication; ultraviolet detectors ID QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION; NUMBER-RESOLVING DETECTOR; TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETER; SUPERCONDUCTING TUNNEL-JUNCTION; FREQUENCY UP-CONVERSION; DISPERSION-SHIFTED FIBER; TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR; AVALANCHE-DIODES SPADS; POLED LITHIUM-NIOBATE AB We review the current status of single-photon-source and single-photon-detector technologies operating at wavelengths from the ultraviolet to the infrared. We discuss applications of these technologies to quantum communication, a field currently driving much of the development of single-photon sources and detectors. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3610677] C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Eisaman, MD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Eisaman, Matthew/E-8006-2011 OI Eisaman, Matthew/0000-0002-3814-6430 NR 358 TC 334 Z9 340 U1 38 U2 292 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 82 IS 7 AR 071101 DI 10.1063/1.3610677 PG 25 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 802GX UT WOS:000293498400001 PM 21806165 ER PT J AU Tarrio, C Grantham, S Hill, SB Faradzhev, NS Richter, LJ Knurek, CS Lucatorto, TB AF Tarrio, C. Grantham, S. Hill, S. B. Faradzhev, N. S. Richter, L. J. Knurek, C. S. Lucatorto, T. B. TI A synchrotron beamline for extreme-ultraviolet photoresist testing SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article DE contamination; ellipsometers; optical multilayers; optical scanners; outgassing; photoresists; ultraviolet radiation effects ID CAPPING LAYERS AB Before being used in an extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) scanner, photoresists must first be evaluated for sensitivity and tested to ensure that they will not contaminate the scanner optics. The new NIST facility described here provides data on the contamination potential of the outgas products of a candidate resist by simultaneously irradiating a multilayer optic and a nearby resist-coated wafer with EUV radiation. The facility can also be used without changing its configuration to provide accurate resist dose-to-clear measurements. Detailed, real-time information on the rate of contamination growth is given by a unique, in situ imaging ellipsometer. We will describe the optical layout, mechanical design, and capabilities of the beamline, finally presenting experimental examples of its capabilities. [doi:10.1063/1.3606484] C1 [Tarrio, C.; Grantham, S.; Hill, S. B.; Faradzhev, N. S.; Richter, L. J.; Knurek, C. S.; Lucatorto, T. B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tarrio, C (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM charles.tarrio@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 FU ASML FX This work was supported in part by ASML. We would like to thank N. Harned and others at ASML for helpful conversations. Preparation of resist-coated substrates and ellipsometric mapping of developed resists was performed at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 82 IS 7 AR 073102 DI 10.1063/1.3606484 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 802GX UT WOS:000293498400003 PM 21806167 ER PT J AU Shepherd, M Mote, T Dowd, J Roden, M Knox, P McCutcheon, SC Nelson, SE AF Shepherd, Marshall Mote, Thomas Dowd, John Roden, Mike Knox, Pamela McCutcheon, Steven C. Nelson, Steven E. TI An Overview of Synoptic and Mesoscale Factors Contributing to the Disastrous Atlanta Flood of 2009 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS TMPA; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; CUTOFF LOW; RAINFALL; URBANIZATION; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; HOUSTON; BASIN C1 [Shepherd, Marshall] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Climatol Res Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Knox, Pamela] Off State Climatologist, Athens, GA USA. [Nelson, Steven E.] Natl Weather Serv, Peachtree City, GA USA. [McCutcheon, Steven C.] US EPA, Athens, GA USA. RP Shepherd, M (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Climatol Res Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM marshgeo@uga.edu OI Mote, Thomas/0000-0002-0021-0134 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 92 IS 7 BP 861 EP 870 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS3003.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RO UT WOS:000293827900003 ER PT J AU Knapp, KR Ansari, S Bain, CL Bourassa, MA Dickinson, MJ Funk, C Helms, CN Hennon, CC Holmes, CD Huffman, GJ Kossin, JP Lee, HT Loew, A Magnusdottir, G AF Knapp, Kenneth R. Ansari, Steve Bain, Caroline L. Bourassa, Mark A. Dickinson, Michael J. Funk, Chris Helms, Chip N. Hennon, Christopher C. Holmes, Christopher D. Huffman, George J. Kossin, James P. Lee, Hai-Tien Loew, Alexander Magnusdottir, Gudrun TI GLOBALLY GRIDDED SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS FOR CLIMATE STUDIES SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC TROPICAL CYCLONES; EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION; NORTH PACIFIC; UNITED-STATES; HIRS; PRECIPITATION; CYCLOGENESIS; DEPOSITION; RESOLUTION; VORTICITY C1 [Knapp, Kenneth R.; Ansari, Steve; Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Bain, Caroline L.; Magnusdottir, Gudrun] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Bourassa, Mark A.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Dickinson, Michael J.] SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Funk, Chris] USGS Ctr Earth Resource Observat & Sci, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Helms, Chip N.; Hennon, Christopher C.] Univ N Carolina, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Holmes, Christopher D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Huffman, George J.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Huffman, George J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lee, Hai-Tien] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Loew, Alexander] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. RP Knapp, KR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM ken.knapp@noaa.gov RI Knapp, Kenneth/E-9817-2011; Holmes, Christopher/C-9956-2014; Huffman, George/F-4494-2014; Kossin, James/C-2022-2016 OI Holmes, Christopher/0000-0002-2727-0954; Huffman, George/0000-0003-3858-8308; Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794 FU Cluster of Excellence 'CliSAP', University of Hamburg [EXC177] FX K. Knapp acknowledges the significant contribution of George Huffman in the design of the GridSat dataset. Many were integral in the initial rescue of the ISCCP B1 data, including Bill Rossow, John Bates, Garrett Campbell and many at the agencies that provided the B1 data: JMA, EUMETSAT, and NOAA. A. Loew acknowledges the support of the Cluster of Excellence 'CliSAP' (EXC177), University of Hamburg. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 60 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 92 IS 7 BP 893 EP 907 DI 10.1175/2011BAMS3039.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RO UT WOS:000293827900005 ER PT J AU Brewer, MJ Heim, RR AF Brewer, Michael J. Heim, Richard R., Jr. TI INTERNATIONAL DROUGHT WORKSHOP SERIES SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Brewer, Michael J.; Heim, Richard R., Jr.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Brewer, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM michael.j.brewer@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 92 IS 7 BP E29 EP E31 DI 10.1175/2011BAMS3172.1 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RO UT WOS:000293827900001 ER PT J AU Mellor, G AF Mellor, George TI The three-dimensional current and surface wave equations (vol 33, pg 1978, 2003) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Correction ID DEPTH C1 Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Mellor, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, POB CN710,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM glmellor@princeton.edu NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1417 EP 1418 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-11-032.1 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 802LP UT WOS:000293513200009 ER PT J AU Li, K Pradeep, N Chikkamaranahalli, S Stan, G Attota, R Fu, J Silver, R AF Li, K. Pradeep, N. Chikkamaranahalli, S. Stan, G. Attota, R. Fu, J. Silver, R. TI Controlled formation of atomic step morphology on micropatterned Si (100) SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo methods; nanofabrication; nanolithography; optical microscopy ID SI(100) SURFACES; CRYSTAL-SURFACES; SI(001); TEMPERATURE; SILICON; DOMAINS; AREAS AB Micrometer scale features are fabricated on Si (100) surfaces using lithographic techniques and thermally processed in an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) environment. The process results in the formation of symmetric, step-terrace patterns with wide atomically flat regions exhibiting highly reproducible step-terrace morphology. The patterns spontaneously transform into a symmetric formation marked by step bunches separated by wide atomic terraces as a result of extended high temperature processing. A Monte Carlo model is introduced to understand the step flow and bunching process. The lithographic patterns remain visible post processing using a conventional optical microscope. The resulting patterns have the important property that they can be used as fiducial marks to externally locate nanoscale features fabricated on the large atomically flat terraces. (C) 2011 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3610955] C1 [Li, K.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Li, K.; Pradeep, N.; Chikkamaranahalli, S.; Stan, G.; Attota, R.; Fu, J.; Silver, R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, K (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM richard.silver@nist.gov RI Li, Kai/J-5494-2015 FU DARPA FX This project partially supported by the Atomically Precise Manufacturing Consortium (APMC) funded by DARPA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 18 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL PY 2011 VL 29 IS 4 AR 041806 DI 10.1116/1.3610955 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 806YS UT WOS:000293854800032 ER PT J AU Guy, N Rutledge, SA Cifelli, R AF Guy, Nick Rutledge, Steven A. Cifelli, Robert TI Radar characteristics of continental, coastal, and maritime convection observed during AMMA/NAMMA SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE mesoscale convective system; African easterly wave; West African monsoon; convective and stratiform precipitation; regional precipitation ID AFRICAN EASTERLY WAVES; TRMM PRECIPITATION RADAR; TROPICAL SQUALL LINE; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; WEST-AFRICA; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; SIZE DISTRIBUTION AB Ground-based radar observations at three distinct geographical locations in West Africa along a common latitudinal band (Niamey, Niger (continental), Kawsara, Senegal (coastal), and Praia, Republic of Cape Verde (maritime)) are analyzed to determine convective system characteristics in each domain during a 29-day period in 2006. Ancillary datasets provided by the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) and NASA-AMMA (NAMMA) field campaigns are also used to place the radar observations in context. Results show that the total precipitation is dominated by propagating mesoscale convective systems. Convective characteristics vary according to environmental properties, such as vertical shear, CAPE, and the degree of synoptic forcing. Data are bifurcated based on the presence or absence of African easterly waves. In general, African easterly waves appear to enhance mesoscale convective system strength characteristics (e. g. total precipitation and vertical reflectivity profiles) at the inland and maritime sites. The wave regime also resulted in an increased population of the largest observed mesoscale convective systems observed near the coast, which led to an increase in stratiform precipitation. Despite this increase, differentiation of convective strength characteristics was less obvious between wave and no-wave regimes at the coast. Owing to the propagating nature of these advecting mesoscale convective systems, interaction with the regional thermodynamic and dynamic environment appears to result inmore variability than enhancements due to the wave regime, independent of location. Copyright (C) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Guy, Nick; Rutledge, Steven A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Cifelli, Robert] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Boulder, CO USA. [Cifelli, Robert] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Guy, N (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1371 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM guy@atmos.colostate.edu OI Guy, Nick/0000-0002-9800-598X FU CEAS [NNX08AT77G]; NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission [NNX10AG88G]; European Community FX This research was supported by the CEAS fellowship grant NNX08AT77G and NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission under grant NNX10AG88G. Based on a French initiative, AMMA was built by an international scientific group and is currently funded by a large number of agencies, especially from France, UK, USA, and Africa. It has been the beneficiary of a major financial contribution from the European Community's Sixth Framework Research Programme. Detailed information on scientific coordination and funding is available on the AMMA International web site http://www.amma-international. org. The NAMMA program was made possible by Dr Ramesh Kakar (NAMMA mission director). The authors would like to thank the AMMA and NAMMA project communities for maintaining and distributing datasets. MIT radar data were provided by Earle Williams. NPOL radar data were provided by Paul Kucera. Sounding data at Niamey, Kawsara, Dakar, and Praia were provided by Doug Parker, Marcia DeLonge, Serge Janicot, and Francis Schmidlin, respectively. We would like to acknowledge the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) and the GES DISC for the dissemination of MERRA. Gareth Berry provided computer code for AEW analysis. We had important discussions with Chris Thorncroft, Ed Zipser, Arlene Laing, John Zawislak, and Tom Rickenbach. The authors would also like to thank Karen Mohr, who provided invaluable advice on this manuscript. NR 91 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 137 IS 658 SI SI BP 1241 EP 1256 DI 10.1002/qj.839 PN A PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 808HP UT WOS:000293968900011 ER PT J AU Bertness, KA Sanford, NA Davydov, AV AF Bertness, Kris A. Sanford, Norman A. Davydov, Albert V. TI GaN Nanowires Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Crystal growth; nanotechnology; photoluminescence; semiconductor materials ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; III-NITRIDE NANOCOLUMNS; CATALYST-FREE GROWTH; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; NANOROD ARRAYS; LUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SI(111); PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB The unique properties of GaN nanowires grown by molecular beam epitaxy are reviewed. These properties include the absence of residual strain, exclusion of most extended defects, long photoluminescence lifetime, low surface recombination velocity, and high mechanical quality factor. The high purity of the nanowires grown by this method allows for controllable n-type doping. P-type doping presents more challenges but has been demonstrated in active light-emitting diode devices. The present understanding of nucleation and growth of these materials is also reviewed. C1 [Bertness, Kris A.; Sanford, Norman A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bertness, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bertness@boulder.nist.gov; sanford@boulder.nist.gov; davydov@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 116 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 6 U2 44 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 17 IS 4 BP 847 EP 858 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2010.2082504 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 805UW UT WOS:000293755500010 ER PT J AU Olcum, S Yamaner, FY Bozkurt, A Koymen, H Atalar, A AF Olcum, Selim Yamaner, F. Yalcin Bozkurt, Ayhan Koymen, Hayrettin Atalar, Abdullah TI An Equivalent Circuit Model for Transmitting Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers in Collapse Mode SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID OPERATION; CMUT; MEMBRANES AB The collapse mode of operation of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) was shown to be a very effective way to achieve high output pressures. However, no accurate analytical or equivalent circuit model exists for understanding the mechanics and limits of the collapse mode. In this work, we develop an equivalent nonlinear electrical circuit that can accurately simulate the mechanical behavior of a CMUT with given dimensions and mechanical parameters under any large or small signal electrical excitation, including the collapse mode. The static and dynamic deflections of a plate predicted from the model are compared with finite element simulations. The equivalent circuit model can estimate the static deflection and transient behavior of a CMUT plate to within 5% accuracy. The circuit model is in good agreement with experimental results of pulse excitation applied to fabricated CMUTs. The model is suitable as a powerful design and optimization tool for collapsed and uncollapsed CMUTs. C1 [Olcum, Selim; Koymen, Hayrettin; Atalar, Abdullah] Bilkent Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, TR-06533 Ankara, Turkey. [Yamaner, F. Yalcin; Bozkurt, Ayhan] Sabanci Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. [Olcum, Selim] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Olcum, S (reprint author), Bilkent Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, TR-06533 Ankara, Turkey. EM selim@ee.bilkent.edu.tr RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Olcum, Selim/I-8523-2012 OI Olcum, Selim/0000-0002-6417-1007 FU The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [107T921, 110E216]; ASELSAN; The Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) FX This work was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under project grants 107T921 and 110E216. S. Olcum gratefully acknowledges the financial support of TUBITAK and ASELSAN for their National Scholarship and Ph.D. Fellowship Programs. A. Atalar acknowledges the support of The Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA). NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 EI 1525-8955 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD JUL PY 2011 VL 58 IS 7 BP 1468 EP 1477 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2011.1966 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 804XP UT WOS:000293688700018 PM 21768031 ER PT J AU Nisar, J Awan, IA AF Nisar, Jan Awan, Iftikhar A. TI Kinetics of the gas-phase thermal decomposition of 3-bromopropene SO KINETICS AND CATALYSIS LA English DT Article ID ALLYL AB The thermal decomposition of 3-bromopropene was investigated in the temperature range 568.2-653.2 K and pressures between 14-64 Torr in static Pyrex reaction vessel. The reaction was shown to be homogeneous gas reaction of the first order with more than 60% conversion. For the overall reaction, E (a) = 153.67 +/- 6.70 kJ mol(-1), and logA (A, s(-1)) = 9.46 +/- 0.57. Two mechanisms, dehydrohalogenation molecular elimination and C-Br bond fission are discussed, both of which account for the observed kinetics and products of decomposition. To interpret the fall-off behaviour, RRKM/ME calculations were adopted and the pressure dependent rate constants were calculated at collision efficiency of 0.25. From the pressure dependence study and RRKM calculations, it can be deduced that we are at the high-pressure limit. C1 [Nisar, Jan] Univ Peshawar, Natl Ctr Excellence Phys Chem, Gas Phase Kinet Res Lab, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan. [Awan, Iftikhar A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nisar, J (reprint author), Univ Peshawar, Natl Ctr Excellence Phys Chem, Gas Phase Kinet Res Lab, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan. EM pashkalawati@gmail.com NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0023-1584 J9 KINET CATAL+ JI Kinet. Catal. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 52 IS 4 BP 487 EP 492 DI 10.1134/S0023158411040100 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 804FI UT WOS:000293639300003 ER PT J AU Komoroske, LM Lewison, RL Seminoff, JA Deheyn, DD Dutton, PH AF Komoroske, Lisa M. Lewison, Rebecca L. Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Deheyn, Dimitri D. Dutton, Peter H. TI Pollutants and the health of green sea turtles resident to an urbanized estuary in San Diego, CA SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Coastal urbanization; Contaminant; Chelonia mydas; Habitat quality; Sea turtle; San Diego Bay ID CHELONIA-MYDAS; CARETTA-CARETTA; MARINE TURTLES; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; HEAVY-METALS; IN-VITRO; BLOOD; MERCURY; TISSUES AB Rapid expansion of coastal anthropogenic development means that critical foraging and developmental habitats often occur near highly polluted and urbanized environments. Although coastal contamination is widespread, the impact this has on long-lived vertebrates like the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) is unclear because traditional experimental methods cannot be applied. We coupled minimally invasive sampling techniques with health assessments to quantify contaminant patterns in a population of green turtles resident to San Diego Bay, CA, a highly urbanized and contaminated estuary. Several chemicals were correlated with turtle size, suggesting possible differences in physiological processes or habitat utilization between life stages. With the exception of mercury, higher concentrations of carapace metals as well as 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and gamma chlordane in blood plasma relative to other sea turtle studies raises important questions about the chemical risks to turtles resident to San Diego Bay. Mercury concentrations exceeded immune function no-effects thresholds and increased carapace metal loads were correlated with higher levels of multiple health markers. These results indicate immunological and physiological effects studies are needed in this population. Our results give insight into the potential conservation risk contaminants pose to sea turtles inhabiting this contaminated coastal habitat, and highlight the need to better manage and mitigate contaminant exposure in San Diego Bay. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Komoroske, Lisa M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Komoroske, Lisa M.; Lewison, Rebecca L.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Komoroske, Lisa M.; Lewison, Rebecca L.] San Diego State Univ, Coastal & Marine Inst, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.; Dutton, Peter H.] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Deheyn, Dimitri D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Komoroske, LM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, 1 Shields Ave,1088 Acad Surge, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lmkomoroske@ucdavis.edu OI Lewison, Rebecca/0000-0003-3065-2926 FU Port of San Diego; PADI Foundation; Southern California Academy of Sciences; Edna Bailey Sussman Foundation; San Diego State University; NMFS Southwest Fisheries Sciences Center; Scripps Institution of Oceanography FX We thank the many people who helped with sample collection and laboratory analyses, especially T. Eguchi, R. Le Roux, E. LaCasella, M. Porrachia, J. Fournier, D. Kacev, and B. Cheng. We are grateful for the expertise of J. Keller, D. Deutschman, J. van de Merwe, A. Miles and H. Harris. Funding and facilities were provided by the Port of San Diego, PADI Foundation, Southern California Academy of Sciences, Edna Bailey Sussman Foundation, San Diego State University, NMFS Southwest Fisheries Sciences Center and Scripps Institution of Oceanography. All samples were collected according to permitted protocols as dictated by NMFS permit # 1591. This is Contribution No. 8 of the Coastal and Marine Institute Laboratory, San Diego State University. NR 44 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 51 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL PY 2011 VL 84 IS 5 BP 544 EP 552 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.04.023 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 796MX UT WOS:000293056500003 PM 21549409 ER PT J AU Honebrink, R Buch, R Galpin, P Burgess, GH AF Honebrink, Randy Buch, Robert Galpin, Peter Burgess, George H. TI First Documented Attack on a Live Human by a Cookiecutter Shark (Squaliformes, Dalatiidae: Isistius sp.) SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BRASILIENSIS; HAWAII; BEHAVIOR; WOUNDS; FISHES; BODY AB An adult long-distance swimmer attempting to cross the 'Alenuihaha Channel between the Hawaiian islands of Hawai'i and Maui was twice bitten by a cookiecutter shark (Squaliformes, Dalatiidae, Isistius sp.). One of these bites presented as an open, round, concave wound typically observed in cookiecutter shark bites inflicted by members of this genus on a broad spectrum of large biota such as marine mammals, elasmobranchs, and bony fishes. The open wound was debrided, subjected to negative pressure wound therapy, and a split thickness skin graft harvested from the left thigh. Postoperative recovery was complicated by delayed healing of the inferior portion of the graft, and cultures and biopsy were normal skin flora and normal tissue, respectively. At 6 months after the incident, the area appeared to be healing with a stable eschar, and by 9 months the wound was healed. Humans entering pelagic waters at twilight and nighttime hours in areas of Isistius sp. occurrence should do so knowing that cookiecutter sharks are a potential danger, particularly during periods of strong moonlight, in areas of man-made illumination, or in the presence of bioluminescent organisms. C1 [Honebrink, Randy] Hawaii Div Aquat Resources, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Buch, Robert; Burgess, George H.] Univ Florida, Florida Program Shark Res, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Buch, Robert] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, NERO, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. [Galpin, Peter] Maui Mem Med Ctr, Wailuku, HI 96793 USA. RP Honebrink, R (reprint author), Hawaii Div Aquat Resources, 1151 Punchbowl St, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM randy.r.honebrink@hawaii.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 18 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 65 IS 3 BP 365 EP 374 DI 10.2984/65.3.365 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 800OM UT WOS:000293371300006 ER PT J AU Russell, DJ Hargrove, S Balazs, GH AF Russell, Dennis J. Hargrove, Stacy Balazs, George H. TI Marine Sponges, Other Animal Food, and Nonfood Items Found in Digestive Tracts of the Herbivorous Marine Turtle Chelonia mydas in Hawai'i SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FEEDING ECOLOGY; GREEN TURTLE; ISLANDS; DIET; BEHAVIOR AB Although the usual diet of Chelonia mydas comes from algae and sea grasses (plant material), animal material has been found in samples taken over the past 35 yr. The small black-brown protein sponge Chondrosia chucalla resembles the alga codium arabicum in size, color, and texture, and both grow next to each other on the reefs. We hypothesize that turtles are actively seeking and eating these sponges and not mistaking them for C. arabicum. Both protein and silica sponges occur in the diet of Chelonia, but only 6.8% of the time are eaten in addition to their usual plant diet. Thirty different kinds of other animals were found in the samples, including Cnidaria, Mollusca, Crustacea, Insecta, Echinodermata, squid, fish, tumor flesh, and other animals but in low frequency (5%). Most of the miscellaneous nonfood debris items were terrestrial leaves, plastic, paper, string, fibers, hair, and paint chips but also in low frequency (< 7%). Among animal food items known to have nutritional value, the protein sponge C. chucalla could be contributing an important nutritive factor, but this needs further research. C1 [Russell, Dennis J.] Amer Univ Sharjah, Dept Biol & Chem, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. [Hargrove, Stacy; Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Russell, DJ (reprint author), Amer Univ Sharjah, Dept Biol & Chem, POB 26666, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. EM drussell@aus.edu NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 19 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 65 IS 3 BP 375 EP 381 DI 10.2984/65.3.375 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 800OM UT WOS:000293371300007 ER PT J AU Seidel, DJ Gillett, NP Lanzante, JR Shine, KP Thorne, PW AF Seidel, Dian J. Gillett, Nathan P. Lanzante, John R. Shine, Keith P. Thorne, Peter W. TI Stratospheric temperature trends: our evolving understanding SO WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Review ID OZONE-DEPLETING SUBSTANCES; HISTORICAL RADIOSONDE DATA; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; WATER-VAPOR; TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; GREENHOUSE GASES; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS AB We review the scientific literature since the 1960s to examine the evolution of modeling tools and observations that have advanced understanding of global stratospheric temperature changes. Observations show overall cooling of the stratosphere during the period for which they are available (since the late 1950s and late 1970s from radiosondes and satellites, respectively), interrupted by episodes of warming associated with volcanic eruptions, and superimposed on variations associated with the solar cycle. There has been little global mean temperature change since about 1995. The temporal and vertical structure of these variations are reasonably well explained by models that include changes in greenhouse gases, ozone, volcanic aerosols, and solar output, although there are significant uncertainties in the temperature observations and regarding the nature and influence of past changes in stratospheric water vapor. As a companion to a recent WIREs review of tropospheric temperature trends, this article identifies areas of commonality and contrast between the tropospheric and stratospheric trend literature. For example, the increased attention over time to radiosonde and satellite data quality has contributed to better characterization of uncertainty in observed trends both in the troposphere and in the lower stratosphere, and has highlighted the relative deficiency of attention to observations in the middle and upper stratosphere. In contrast to the relatively unchanging expectations of surface and tropospheric warming primarily induced by greenhouse gas increases, stratospheric temperature change expectations have arisen from experiments with a wider variety of model types, showing more complex trend patterns associated with a greater diversity of forcing agents. (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. WIREs Clim Change 2011 2 592-616 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.125 C1 [Seidel, Dian J.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Gillett, Nathan P.] Univ Victoria, Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Lanzante, John R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Shine, Keith P.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Thorne, Peter W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [Thorne, Peter W.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Seidel, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM dian.Seidel@noaa.gov RI Shine, Keith/D-9093-2012; Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014 OI Shine, Keith/0000-0003-2672-9978; Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798 NR 180 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1757-7780 EI 1757-7799 J9 WIRES CLIM CHANGE JI Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.-Clim. Chang. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 2 IS 4 BP 592 EP 616 DI 10.1002/wcc.125 PG 25 WC Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 799FQ UT WOS:000293270800008 ER PT J AU Lacerda, SHD Semberova, J Holada, K Simakova, O Hudson, SD Simak, J AF Lacerda, Silvia H. De Paoli Semberova, Jana Holada, Karel Simakova, Olga Hudson, Steven D. Simak, Jan TI Carbon Nanotubes Activate Store-Operated Calcium Entry in Human Blood Platelets SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE platelet activation; intracellular calcium; carbon nanotubes; fullerene; nanotoxicity; thrombosis ID MEMBRANES; AGGREGATION; CHOLESTEROL; SIMULATION; THROMBOSIS; BILAYER; SURFACE; LENGTH AB Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are known to potentiate arterial thrombosis in animal models, which raises serious safety Issues concerning environmental or occupational exposure to CNTs and their use in various biomedical applications. We have shown previously that different CNTs, but not fullerene (nC60), induce the aggregation of human blood platelets. To date, however, a mechanism of potentially thrombogenic CNT-induced platelet activation has not been elucidated. Here we show that pristine multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs) penetrate platelet plasma membrane without any discernible damage but interact with the dense tubular system (DTS) causing depletion of platelet intracellular Ca(2+) stores. This process is accompanied by the clustering of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) colocalized with Orai1, indicating the activation of store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE). Our findings reveal the molecular mechanism of CNT-induced platelet activation which is critical in the evaluation of the biocompatibility of carbon nanomaterials with blood. C1 [Lacerda, Silvia H. De Paoli; Semberova, Jana; Simak, Jan] US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Holada, Karel] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Prague, Czech Republic. [Semberova, Jana] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 3, Prague, Czech Republic. [Simakova, Olga] NIH, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hudson, Steven D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simak, J (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM jan.simak@fda.hhs.gov FU Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the Czech Republic [MSM 0021620806] FX We thank G. Sando, Malvern Instruments, Columbia, MD, for the flow particle image analysis of nanomaterial suspensions, M. Krumwiede, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, for the valuable consultations on the DAB-osmium labeling, and L. Diduch, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, for image processing. K. Holada was supported by Grant MSM 0021620806 of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the Czech Republic. NR 32 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUL PY 2011 VL 5 IS 7 BP 5808 EP 5813 DI 10.1021/nn2015369 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 796ES UT WOS:000293035200059 PM 21639133 ER PT J AU Rykaczewski, K Scott, JHJ AF Rykaczewski, Konrad Scott, John Henry J. TI Methodology for Imaging Nano-to-Microscale Water Condensation Dynamics on Complex Nanostructures SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE complex nanostructures; environmental scanning electron microscopy; superhydrophobicity; nanoscale water condensation; focus ion beam; wet-STEM ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACES; THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS; CARBON NANOTUBES; WET-STEM; FILMS; EVAPORATION; DROPLETS; PHASE; VAPOR AB A better understanding of the role that nanoscale surface chemical heterogeneities and topographical features play in water droplet formation Is necessary to improve design and robustness of nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces as to make them fit for industrial applications. Lack of an imaging method capable of capturing the water condensation process on complex nanostructures with required magnification has thus far hindered experimental progress in this area. In this work, we demonstrate that by transferring a small part of a macroscale sample to a novel thermally insulated sample platform we are able to mitigate flooding and electron heating problems typically associated with environmental scanning electron microscopy of water condensation. We image condensation dynamics on individual complex particles and a superhydrophobic network of nanostructures fabricated from low thermal conductivity materials with an unobstructed 90 degrees perspective of the surface-to-water Interface with field of view as small as 1 mu m(2). We dearly observe the three-stage drop growth process and demonstrate that even during late stages of the droplet growth the nearly spherical drop remains in a partially wetting Wenzel state. C1 [Rykaczewski, Konrad; Scott, John Henry J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rykaczewski, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM konrad.rykaczewski@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, MD FX This research was performed while K.R. held a National Research Council American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (NRC ARRA) Research Associateship at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, MD. The authors acknowledge C. Dietz and Y.K. Joshi from Georgia Institute of Technology for providing samples of CuO and Cu(OH)2 surfaces. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, and materials are identified in this publication to adequately specify the experimental procedure. Such identification in no way implies approval, recommendation, or endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the equipment, instruments, or materials identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 45 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 62 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUL PY 2011 VL 5 IS 7 BP 5962 EP 5968 DI 10.1021/nn201738n PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 796ES UT WOS:000293035200077 PM 21662236 ER PT J AU Ignatova, T Najafov, H Ryasnyanskiy, A Biaggio, I Zheng, M Rotkin, SV AF Ignatova, Tetyana Najafov, Hikmat Ryasnyanskiy, Aleksandr Biaggio, Ivan Zheng, Ming Rotkin, Slava V. TI Significant FRET between SWNT/DNA and Rare Earth Ions: A Signature of Their Spatial Correlations SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE single-wall nanotubes; photoluminescence spectroscopy; fluorescence resonance energy transfer; time-resolved spectroscopy; rare earth ions ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; EXCITON ENERGY-TRANSFER; GUANINE-CONTAINING OLIGOMERS; DNA-STRUCTURE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; FLUORESCENCE; BUNDLES; TB3+; EU3+ AB Significant acceleration of the photoluminescence (PL) decay rate was observed in water solutions of two rare earth ions (REIs), Tb and Eu. We propose that the time-resolved PL spectroscopy data are explained by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the REIs. FRET was directly confirmed by detecting the induced PL of the energy acceptor, Eu ion, under the PL excitation of the donor ion, Tb, with FRET efficiency reaching 7% in the most saturated solution, where the distance between the unlike REIs Is the shortest. Using this as a calibration experiment, a comparable FRET was measured in the mixed solution of REIs with single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs) wrapped with DNA. From the FRET efficiency of 10% and 7% for Tb and Eu, respectively, the characteristic distance between the RC! and SWNT/DNA was obtained as 15.9 +/- 13 angstrom, suggesting that the complexes are formed because of Coulomb attraction between the REI and the ionized phosphate groups of the DNA. C1 [Ignatova, Tetyana; Najafov, Hikmat; Ryasnyanskiy, Aleksandr; Biaggio, Ivan; Rotkin, Slava V.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Zheng, Ming] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rotkin, Slava V.] Lehigh Univ, Ctr Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Rotkin, SV (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, 16 Mem Dr E, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM rotkin@lehigh.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU Lehigh University FX This work was partially supported by a Lehigh University FIG grant. The authors thank Dr. J. Fagan, Dr. D. Pristinski, and Dr. C. Khripin (NIST) for valuable discussions and technical help. NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUL PY 2011 VL 5 IS 7 BP 6052 EP 6059 DI 10.1021/nn201911b PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 796ES UT WOS:000293035200088 PM 21702470 ER PT J AU Biktashev, SA Usmanov, RA Gabitov, RR Gazizov, RA Gumerov, FM Gabitov, FR Abdulagatov, IM Yarullin, RS Yakushev, IA AF Biktashev, Sh. A. Usmanov, R. A. Gabitov, R. R. Gazizov, R. A. Gumerov, F. M. Gabitov, F. R. Abdulagatov, I. M. Yarullin, R. S. Yakushev, I. A. TI Transesterification of rapeseed and palm oils in supercritical methanol and ethanol SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel fuel; Methyl and ethyl ethers of the fatty acids; Rapeseed (Brassica napus) and palm (Elaeis guineensis) oils; Supercritical methanol and ethanol; Transesterification; Ultrasonic emulsification ID BIODIESEL FUEL PRODUCTION; WASTE COOKING OIL; FREE FATTY-ACIDS; VEGETABLE-OILS; SOYBEAN OIL; METHYL ESTERIFICATION; PURE METHANOL; REGIONS; ALCOHOLYSIS; KINETICS AB The results of the rapeseed and palm oils transesterification with supercritical methanol and ethanol were presented. The studies were performed using the experimental setups which are working in batch and continuous regimes. The effect of reaction conditions (temperature, pressure, oil to alcohol ratio, reaction time) on the biodiesel production (conversion yield) was studied. Also the effect of preliminary ultrasonic treatment (ultrasonic irradiation, emulsification of immiscible oil and alcohol mixture) of the initial reagents (emulsion preparation) on the stage before transesterification reaction conduction on the conversion yield was studied. We found that the preliminary ultrasonic treatment of the initial reagents increases considerably the conversion yield. Optimal technological conditions were determined to be as follows: pressure within 20-30 MPa, temperature within 573-623 K. The optimal values of the oil to alcohol ratio strongly depend on preliminary treatment of the reaction mixture. The study showed that the conversion yield at the same temperature with 96 wt.% of ethanol is higher than with 100 wt.% of methanol. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Biktashev, Sh. A.; Usmanov, R. A.; Gabitov, R. R.; Gazizov, R. A.; Gumerov, F. M.; Gabitov, F. R.] Kazan State Technol Univ, Kazan, Russia. [Abdulagatov, I. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Geothermal Res Inst, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala, Russia. [Yarullin, R. S.; Yakushev, I. A.] OAO Tatneftekhiminvest Holding, Kazan, Russia. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov FU Russian Found of Rosnauka [02.740.11.5051]; PhiCPMPhicoproduct HTC [6763p.9429]; Russian Found of Basic Research [09-03-12135-ophiu-M]; OAO "Tatneftekhiminvest-Holding" [02-08 u 03-08] FX I.M. Abdulagatov thanks the Thermophysical Properties Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for the opportunity to work as a Guest Researcher at NIST during the course of this research. This work was supported by the Grants of Russian Found of Rosnauka No.02.740.11.5051 (Federal program); Phi CPM Phi coproduct HTC, contract # 6763p.9429 (Program "START"); Russian Found of Basic Research No.09-03-12135-o phi u-M; and OAO "Tatneftekhiminvest-Holding", Project No.02-08 u 03-08. NR 55 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 35 IS 7 BP 2999 EP 3011 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.03.038 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 793UK UT WOS:000292849200059 ER PT J AU Harding, JA Ammann, AJ MacFarlane, RB AF Harding, Jeffrey A. Ammann, Arnold J. MacFarlane, R. Bruce TI Regional and seasonal patterns of epipelagic fish assemblages from the central California Current SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SPECIES COMPOSITION; UPWELLING SYSTEM; SURFACE CURRENTS; OREGON COAST AB The coastal Pacific Ocean off northern and central California encompasses the strongest seasonal upwelling zone in the California Current ecosystem. Headlands and bays here generate complex circulation features and confer unusual oceanographic complexity. We sampled the coastal epipelagic fish community of this region with a surface trawl in the summer and fall of 2000-05 to assess patterns of spatial and temporal community structure. Fifty-three species of fish were captured in 218 hauls at 34 fixed stations, with clupeiform species dominating. To examine spatial patterns, samples were grouped by location relative to a prominent headland at Point Reyes and the resulting two regions, north coast and Gulf of the Farallones, were plotted by using nonmetric multidimensional scaling. Seasonal and interannual patterns were also examined, and representative species were identified for each distinct community. Seven oceanographic variables measured concurrently with trawling were plotted by principal components analysis and tested for correlation with biotic patterns. We found significant differences in community structure by region, year, and season, but no interaction among main effects. Significant differences in oceanographic conditions mirrored the biotic patterns, and a match between biotic and hydrographic structure was detected. Dissimilarity between assemblages was mostly the result of differences in abundance and frequency of occurrence of about twelve common species. Community patterns were best described by a subset of hydrographic variables, including water depth, distance from shore, and any one of several correlated variables associated with upwelling intensity. Rather than discrete communities with clear borders and distinct member species, we found gradients in community structure and identified stations with similar fish communities by region and by proximity to features such as the San Francisco Bay. C1 [Harding, Jeffrey A.; Ammann, Arnold J.; MacFarlane, R. Bruce] NOAA, Santa Cruz Lab, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Harding, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Santa Cruz Lab, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM Jeff.Harding@noaa.gov NR 60 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 109 IS 3 BP 261 EP 281 PG 21 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 799SG UT WOS:000293305800002 ER PT J AU Laurel, BJ Blood, DM AF Laurel, Benjamin J. Blood, Deborah M. TI The effects of temperature on hatching and survival of northern rock sole larvae (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; EGG SIZE; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MARINE FISH; GROWTH; TIME; HISTORY; RATES AB Northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) is a commercially important flatfish in Alaska and was recently classified as a distinct species from southern rock sole (L. bilineata). Taxonomic and vital rate data for northern rock sole are still not fully described, notably at early egg and larval stages. In this study, we provide new taxonomic descriptions of late-stage eggs and newly hatched larvae, as well as temperature-response models of hatching (timing, duration, success), and larval size-at-hatch and posthatch survival at four temperatures (2 degrees, 5 degrees, 9 degrees, and 12 degrees C). Time-to-first-hatch, hatch cycle duration, and overall hatching success showed a negative relationship with temperature. Early hatching larvae within each temperature treatment were smaller and had larger yolk sacs, but larvae incubated at higher temperatures (9 degrees and 12 degrees C) had the largest yolk reserves overall. Despite having smaller yolks, size-at-hatch and the maximum size achieved during the hatching cycle was highest for larvae reared at cold temperatures (2 degrees and 5 degrees C), indicating that endogenous reserves are more efficiently used for growth at these temperatures. In addition, larvae reared at high temperatures died more rapidly in the absence of food despite having more yolk reserves than cold-incubated larvae. Overall, northern rock sole eggs and larvae display early life history traits consistent with cold-water adaptation for winter spawning in the North Pacific. C1 [Laurel, Benjamin J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Blood, Deborah M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Laurel, BJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM ben.laurel@noaa.gov RI Gebauer, Radek/G-6749-2015 FU AFSC FX This project was supported in part with funding from the AFSC's Habitat and Ecological Processes Research Program. We thank I. Bradbury and A. Stoner for reviewing earlier drafts of this manuscript. M. Spencer and P. Iseri collected and shipped broodstock from Kodiak, AK. Boat charters were kindly provided by T. Tripp aboard the FV Miss O. M. Ottmar and W. Clerf maintained broodstock in the laboratory and assisted with strip-spawning. Special thanks go to C. Magel for his patient image analysis of hundreds of fish larvae. Egg and larval illustrations were provided by A. Maust under contract to the AFSC. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 109 IS 3 BP 282 EP 291 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 799SG UT WOS:000293305800003 ER PT J AU Wilson, MT Buchheister, A Jump, C AF Wilson, Matthew T. Buchheister, Andre Jump, Christina TI Regional variation in the annual feeding cycle of juvenile walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the western Gulf of Alaska SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; CROSS-SHELF DISTRIBUTION; NORTHERN GULF; OF-ALASKA; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; ABUNDANCE; FISHES; GROWTH AB Juvenile fish in temperate coastal oceans exhibit an annual cycle of feeding, and within this cycle, poor wintertime feeding can reduce body growth, condition, and perhaps survival, especially in food-poor areas. We examined the stomach contents of juvenile walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) to explain previously observed seasonal and regional variation in juvenile body condition. Juvenile walleye pollock (1732 fish, 37-250 mm standard length) of the 2000 year class were collected from three regions in the Gulf of Alaska (Kodiak, Semidi, and Shumagin) representing an area of the continental shelf of ca. 100,000 km(2) during four seasons (August 2000 to September 2001). Mean stomach content weight (SCW, 0.72% somatic body weight) decreased with fish body length except from winter to summer 2001. Euphausiids composed 61% of SOW and were the main determinant of seasonal change in the diets of fish in the Kodiak and Semidi regions. Before and during winter, SCW and the euphausiid dietary component were highest in the Kodiak region. Bioenergetics modeling indicated a relatively high growth rate for Kodiak juveniles during winter (0.33 mm standard length/d). After winter, Shumagin juveniles had relatively high SCW and, unlike the Kodiak and Semidi juveniles, exhibited no reduction in the euphausiid dietary component. These patterns explain previous seasonal and regional differences in body condition. We hypothesize that high-quality feeding locations (and perhaps nursery areas) shift seasonally in response to the availability of euphausiids. C1 [Wilson, Matthew T.; Jump, Christina] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Buchheister, Andre] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Dept Fisheries Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Wilson, MT (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM matt.wilson@noaa.gov FU Sea Lion Research Initiative [02FF-04]; NPRB [R0308]; NOAA FX We thank L. L. Britt, E. S. Brown, M. S. Busby, W. C. Flerx, M. A. Guttormsen, D. G. Kachel, M. H. Martin, D. G. Nichol, J. W. Orr, N. W. Raring, P. G. von Szalay, M. E. Wilkins, C. D. Wilson and all cruise personnel from the NOAA ship Miller Freeman, FV Sea Storm, FV Ocean Harvester, FV Morning Star, and FV Vesteraalen involved in the collection of samples and data. K. M. Bailey provided initial guidance that helped define our objectives. Comments from J. Duffy-Anderson, G. Lang, J. Napp, the AFSC Publications Unit, and three anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. This research is contribution EcoFOCI-0766 to NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations, and North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) publication no. 292. It was supported by the Sea Lion Research Initiative (grant no. 02FF-04), the NPRB (grant no. R0308), and NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity Program. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 109 IS 3 BP 316 EP 326 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 799SG UT WOS:000293305800006 ER PT J AU Hollowed, AB Barange, M Ito, S Kim, S Loeng, H Peck, MA AF Hollowed, Anne Babcock Barange, Manuel Ito, Shin-ichi Kim, Suam Loeng, Harald Peck, Myron A. TI Effects of climate change on fish and fisheries: forecasting impacts, assessing ecosystem responses, and evaluating management strategies Preface SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hollowed, Anne Babcock] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98114 USA. [Barange, Manuel] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Ito, Shin-ichi] Fisheries Res Agcy, Tohoku Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Mixed Water Reg Fisheries Oceanog Div, Shiogama, Miyagi 9850001, Japan. [Kim, Suam] Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Pusan 608737, South Korea. [Loeng, Harald] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Peck, Myron A.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Hydrobiol & Fisheries Sci, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. RP Hollowed, AB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98114 USA. EM Anne.Hollowed@noaa.gov RI Peck, Myron/H-6164-2011; Barange, Manuel/D-2689-2016 OI Barange, Manuel/0000-0002-1508-0483 NR 2 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 34 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 68 IS 6 BP 984 EP 985 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr085 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 797BI UT WOS:000293097200001 ER PT J AU Polovina, JJ Dunne, JP Woodworth, PA Howell, EA AF Polovina, Jeffrey J. Dunne, John P. Woodworth, Phoebe A. Howell, Evan A. TI Projected expansion of the subtropical biome and contraction of the temperate and equatorial upwelling biomes in the North Pacific under global warming SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biomes; climate model; global warming; North Pacific; ocean biogeochemistry model ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; FISH PRODUCTION; PRODUCTIVITY; OCEAN AB A climate model that includes a coupled ocean biogeochemistry model is used to define large oceanic biomes in the North Pacific Ocean and describe their changes over the 21st century in response to the IPCC Special Report on Emission Scenario A2 future atmospheric CO2 emissions scenario. Driven by enhanced stratification and a northward shift in the mid-latitude westerlies under climate change, model projections demonstrated that between 2000 and 2100, the area of the subtropical biome expands by similar to 30% by 2100, whereas the area of temperate and equatorial upwelling (EU) biomes decreases by similar to 34 and 28%, respectively, by 2100. Over the century, the total biome primary production and fish catch is projected to increase by 26% in the subtropical biome and decrease by 38 and 15% in the temperate and the equatorial biomes, respectively. Although the primary production per unit area declines slightly in the subtropical and the temperate biomes, it increases 17% in the EU biome. Two areas where the subtropical biome boundary exhibits the greatest movement is in the northeast Pacific, where it moves northwards by as much as 1000 km per 100 years and at the equator in the central Pacific, where it moves eastwards by 2000 km per 100 years. Lastly, by the end of the century, there are projected to be more than 25 million km(2) of water with a mean sea surface temperature of 31 degrees C in the subtropical and EU biomes, representing a new thermal habitat. The projected trends in biome carrying capacity and fish catch suggest resource managers might have to address long-term trends in fishing capacity and quota levels. C1 [Polovina, Jeffrey J.; Woodworth, Phoebe A.; Howell, Evan A.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Dunne, John P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Polovina, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. EM jeffrey.polovina@noaa.gov RI Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Howell, Evan/0000-0001-9904-4633 NR 22 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 44 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 68 IS 6 BP 986 EP 995 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq198 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 797BI UT WOS:000293097200002 ER PT J AU Cheung, WWL Dunne, J Sarmiento, JL Pauly, D AF Cheung, William W. L. Dunne, John Sarmiento, Jorge L. Pauly, Daniel TI Integrating ecophysiology and plankton dynamics into projected maximum fisheries catch potential under climate change in the Northeast Atlantic SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biogeochemistry; climate change; fisheries catch; Northeast Atlantic; ocean acidification; oxygen; range shift ID OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSES; MARINE BIODIVERSITY; GLOBAL FISHERIES; FISH; TEMPERATURE; ECOSYSTEMS; GROWTH; PRODUCTIVITY; IMPACTS AB Previous global analyses projected shifts in species distributions and maximum fisheries catch potential across ocean basins by 2050 under the Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) A1B. However, these studies did not account for the effects of changes in ocean biogeochemistry and phytoplankton community structure that affect fish and invertebrate distribution and productivity. This paper uses a dynamic bioclimatic envelope model that incorporates these factors to project distribution and maximum catch potential of 120 species of exploited demersal fish and invertebrates in the Northeast Atlantic. Using projections from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Earth System Model (ESM2.1) under the SRES A1B, we project an average rate of distribution-centroid shift of 52 km decade(-1) northwards and 5.1 m decade(-1) deeper from 2005 to 2050. Ocean acidification and reduction in oxygen content reduce growth performance, increase the rate of range shift, and lower the estimated catch potentials (10-year average of 2050 relative to 2005) by 20-30% relative to simulations without considering these factors. Consideration of phytoplankton community structure may further reduce projected catch potentials by similar to 10%. These results highlight the sensitivity of marine ecosystems to biogeochemical changes and the need to incorporate likely hypotheses of their biological and ecological effects in assessing climate change impacts. C1 [Cheung, William W. L.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Cheung, William W. L.] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. [Dunne, John] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Programme, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Pauly, Daniel] Univ British Columbia, Sea Us Project, Aquat Ecosyst Res Lab, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Cheung, WWL (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM william.cheung@uea.ac.uk RI Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Cheung, William/F-5104-2013 OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Cheung, William/0000-0003-3626-1045 FU Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science; University of British Columbia; The Pew Environmental Group; BP; Ford Motor Company FX We thank A. Karpechko for his advice on regrinding ocean data, A. Atanacio for help with the graphics, and S. Jennings for commenting on an early draft of the manuscript. WWLC was partly supported by the Seedcorn Fund provided by the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science. The Sea Around Us project, a scientific collaboration between the University of British Columbia and The Pew Environmental Group, provided the species distribution ranges used in this study and funding to DP. JS was supported by the Carbon Mitigation Initiative (CMI) project at Princeton University, sponsored by BP and Ford Motor Company. NR 60 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 15 U2 91 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1008 EP 1018 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr012 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 797BI UT WOS:000293097200004 ER PT J AU Gnanadesikan, A Dunne, JP John, J AF Gnanadesikan, A. Dunne, J. P. John, J. TI What ocean biogeochemical models can tell us about bottom-up control of ecosystem variability SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biome extent; climate models; nutrient limitation; salinity; size structure; spring bloom ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NUTRIENT-LIMITATION; NORTH PACIFIC; PHYTOPLANKTON; PRODUCTIVITY; FISH; SEA; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PICOPLANKTON AB Processes included in earth system models amplify the impact of climate variability on phytoplankton biomass and, therefore, on upper trophic levels. Models predict much larger relative interannual variability in large phytoplankton biomass than in total phytoplankton biomass, supporting the goal of better constraining size-structured primary production and biomass from remote sensing. The largest modelled variability in annually averaged large phytoplankton biomass is associated with changes in the areal extent of relatively productive regions. Near the equator, changes in the areal extent of the high-productivity zone are driven by large-scale shifts in nutrient fields, as well as by changes in currents. Along the poleward edge of the Subtropical Gyres, changes in physical mixing dominate. Finally, models indicate that high-latitude interannual variability in large phytoplankton biomass is greatest during spring. Mechanisms for producing such variability differ across biomes with internal ocean processes, such as convection complicating efforts to link ecosystem variability to climate modes defined using sea surface temperature alone. In salinity-stratified subpolar regions, changes in bloom timing driven by salinity can produce correlations between low surface temperatures and high productivity, supporting the potential importance of using coupled atmosphere ocean reanalyses, rather than simple forced ocean reanalyses, for attributing past ecosystem shifts. C1 [Gnanadesikan, A.; Dunne, J. P.; John, J.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Gnanadesikan, A (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM gnanades@jhu.edu RI Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; John, Jasmin/F-8194-2012 OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; John, Jasmin/0000-0003-2696-277X NR 64 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1030 EP 1044 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr098 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 797BI UT WOS:000293097200006 ER PT J AU Muhling, BA Lee, SK Lamkin, JT Liu, YY AF Muhling, Barbara A. Lee, Sang-Ki Lamkin, John T. Liu, Yanyun TI Predicting the effects of climate change on bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) spawning habitat in the Gulf of Mexico SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bluefin tuna; climate change; Gulf of Mexico ID TEMPERATURE-CHANGE; REGRESSION TREES; BREEDING GROUNDS; THERMAL BIOLOGY; WARM POOL; ATLANTIC; FISHERIES; DYNAMICS; MARINE; CLASSIFICATION AB Atlantic bluefin tuna (BFT) is a highly migratory species that feeds in cold waters in the North Atlantic, but migrates to tropical seas to spawn. Global climate-model simulations forced by future greenhouse warming project that upper-ocean temperatures in the main western Atlantic spawning ground, the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), will increase substantially, potentially altering the temporal and spatial extent of BFT spawning activity. In this study, an ensemble of 20 climate model simulations used in the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change fourth Assessment Report (IPCC-AR4) predicted mean temperature changes within the GOM under scenario A1B through to 2100. Associations between adult and larval BFT in the GOM and sea temperatures were defined using 20th century observations, and potential effects of warming on the suitability of the GOM as a spawning ground were quantified. Areas in the GOM with high probabilities of larval occurrence decreased in late spring by 39-61% by 2050 and 93-96% by the end of the 21st century. Conversely, early spring may become more suitable for spawning. BFT are therefore likely to be vulnerable to climate change, and there is potential for significant impacts on spawning and migration behaviours. C1 [Muhling, Barbara A.; Lee, Sang-Ki; Liu, Yanyun] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Muhling, Barbara A.; Lamkin, John T.] NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lee, Sang-Ki; Liu, Yanyun] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Muhling, BA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. EM barbara.muhling@noaa.gov RI Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Liu, Yanyun/A-5785-2011 OI Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Liu, Yanyun/0000-0002-9754-6370 FU Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) FX We thank K. Keene and M. Schirripa from the NOAA-National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center, and D. Enfield from the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory for provision of fisheries observer data and helpful initial discussions. We also acknowledge staff at the NOAA-NMFS Pascagoula laboratory for valuable assistance with larval fish data collection and provision, including W. Ingram, J. Lyczkowski-Schultz, K. Williams, D. Drass, D. Hanisko, and G. Zapfe. We thank all staff at the Polish Plankton Sorting and Identification Center in Szczecin, Poland, including M. Konieczna and L. Ejsymont, and extend our gratitude to the captains and crew of all the NOAA ships who collected data on the SEAMAP cruises and the fisheries observers who collected data on longline vessels. This work was partly funded by a Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) grant. The manuscript was substantially improved by comments from anonymous reviewers and the editor and we thank them for their time and efforts. NR 62 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 53 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1051 EP 1062 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr008 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 797BI UT WOS:000293097200008 ER PT J AU Su, NJ Sun, CL Punt, AE Yeh, SZ DiNardo, G AF Su, Nan-Jay Sun, Chi-Lu Punt, Andre E. Yeh, Su-Zan DiNardo, Gerard TI Modelling the impacts of environmental variation on the distribution of blue marlin, Makaira nigricans, in the Pacific Ocean SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate change; generalized additive model; longline fisheries; oceanographic variables; spatial distribution ID NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; SOUTHWESTERN JAPAN; YONAGUNI ISLAND; WESTERN PACIFIC; PELAGIC FISHES; CATCH; TUNA; TEMPERATURE; HABITAT AB Blue marlin are distributed throughout tropical and temperate waters in the Pacific Ocean. The preference of this species for particular habitats may affect its distribution and vulnerability to being caught. The relationships between the spatial pattern of blue marlin abundance and oceanographic conditions, which may be influenced by climate change, were examined using generalized additive models fitted to catch and effort data from longline fisheries. Distributions of blue marlin density, based on combining the probability of presence and abundance given presence, indicate that there is annual variation in the distribution of blue marlin and that the population apparently moved east during the 1997-1998 El Nino. The interannual variability in blue marlin distribution appears to be associated with El Nino events and is related to shifts in sea surface temperature and the deepening of the thermocline. Models of catch and effort that include oceanographic variables could be used, given predictions from climate models, to explore future changes in distribution, which could then be used to provide management advice related to time-area closures. C1 [Su, Nan-Jay; Sun, Chi-Lu; Yeh, Su-Zan] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [DiNardo, Gerard] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Sun, CL (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM chilu@ntu.edu.tw OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 FU National Taiwan University; National Science Council; Fisheries Agency of Council of Agriculture, Taiwan [NSC98-2611-M-002-002, 99AS-10.1.1-FA-F4(1)] FX We thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We also appreciate the financial support from PICES (North Pacific Marine Science Organization) to N-JS for attending the International Symposium on Climate Change Effects on Fish and Fisheries, held 26-29 April 2010 in Sendai, Japan. Funding for the study was in part provided by the National Taiwan University, the National Science Council, and the Fisheries Agency of Council of Agriculture, Taiwan, through the grants NSC98-2611-M-002-002 and 99AS-10.1.1-FA-F4(1) to C-LS. NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1072 EP 1080 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr028 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 797BI UT WOS:000293097200010 ER PT J AU Farley, EV Starovoytov, A Naydenko, S Heintz, R Trudel, M Guthrie, C Eisner, L Guyon, JR AF Farley, Edward V. Starovoytov, Alexander Naydenko, Svetlana Heintz, Ron Trudel, Marc Guthrie, Charles Eisner, Lisa Guyon, Jeffrey R. TI Implications of a warming eastern Bering Sea for Bristol Bay sockeye salmon SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bristol Bay; energetic status; overwinter survival; sockeye salmon ID EARLY MARINE GROWTH; PINK SALMON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; PERIOD HYPOTHESIS; CRITICAL SIZE; COHO SALMON; MORTALITY; OCEAN; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Overwinter survival of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.) is believed to be a function of size and energetic status they gain during their first summer at sea. We test this notion for Bristol Bay sockeye salmon (O. nerka), utilizing data from large-scale fisheries and oceanographic surveys conducted during mid-August to September 2002-2008 and from February to March 2009. The new data presented in this paper demonstrate size-selective mortality for Bristol Bay sockeye salmon between autumn and their first winter at sea. Differences in the seasonal energetic signatures for lipid and protein suggest that these fish are not starving, but instead the larger fish caught during winter apparently are utilizing energy stores to minimize predation. Energetic status of juvenile sockeye salmon was also strongly related to marine survival indices and years with lower energetic status apparently are a function of density-dependent processes associated with high abundance of juvenile sockeye salmon. Based on new information regarding eastern Bering Sea ecosystem productivity under a climate-warming scenario, we hypothesize that sustained increases in spring and summer sea temperatures may negatively affect energetic status of juvenile sockeye salmon, potentially resulting in increased overwinter mortality. C1 [Farley, Edward V.; Heintz, Ron; Guthrie, Charles; Eisner, Lisa; Guyon, Jeffrey R.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Starovoytov, Alexander; Naydenko, Svetlana] TINRO Ctr, Pacific Sci Res Fisheries Ctr, Vladivostok 690950, Russia. [Trudel, Marc] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. RP Farley, EV (reprint author), NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ed.farley@noaa.gov RI Trudel, Marc/H-1955-2012 FU NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Science Center; Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Center, TINRO Center; Bering Sea Fisherman's Association; North Pacific Research Board FX The research reported here was supported by NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, the Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Center, TINRO Center, the Bering Sea Fisherman's Association, and the North Pacific Research Board's BEST/BSIERP programmes. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 42 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 25 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1138 EP 1146 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr021 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 797BI UT WOS:000293097200017 ER PT J AU Mundy, PR Evenson, DF AF Mundy, Phillip R. Evenson, Danielle F. TI Environmental controls of phenology of high-latitude Chinook salmon populations of the Yukon River, North America, with application to fishery management SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE air temperature; anadromous; Chinook salmon; climate change; fishery management; IPCC climate forecasts; migratory timing; NCEP reanalysis; phenology; sea surface temperature; sea ice cover; Yukon River ID ADULT SOCKEYE-SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; FRASER-RIVER; MIGRATION; COLUMBIA; WATER; MOVEMENTS; MORTALITY; SALINITY AB Phenologies of a number of anadromous fish species have been demonstrated to vary in concert with environmental factors that change with global warming, such as water and air temperatures. Anadromous fishery managers will need advice from models of phenology, or migratory timing, as functions of environmental factors in those harvest areas where annual migratory timing can vary sharply. Such models are also necessary to advise fishery managers on how and when global warming projections of the IPCC model ensemble should be factored into regulatory decisions. Specifically, we demonstrate that the annual timing of marine exit of Yukon River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at 63 degrees N 165 degrees W for 1961-2009 varied in close concert with modelled sea surface temperature, air temperature, and sea ice cover. The best linear model for 1961-2009 combines sea surface and air temperatures to explain 59% of the annual variability in migratory timing (ice cover is available only for 1970-2009). Changes in phenology of high-latitude Chinook salmon are expected in response to global warming. As average temperatures increase, the frequency of earlier migrations is expected to increase, making management of the fishery more challenging. C1 [Mundy, Phillip R.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK USA. [Evenson, Danielle F.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Mundy, PR (reprint author), NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK USA. EM phil.mundy@noaa.gov FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center of the NOAA Fisheries Service; Alaska Department of Fish and Game FX We thank Nick Bond (Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, and Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA) for data and advice on atmospheric and ocean physics. Sea surface temperatures were derived from the NCEP Reanalysis data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, CO, USA. We also thank Jinlun Zhang, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, for data and advice on sea-ice cover. Ice-cover data were derived from National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA. We also thank Tim Linley for pointing out the possible role of calcium-sensing receptor proteins (CaRs) in adult salmon migrations. At Auke Bay Laboratories, Adam Moles provided editorial support and Paula Johnson provided library services. Financial support was provided by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center of the NOAA Fisheries Service and by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Finally, we salute the employees of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, who worked in often-difficult circumstances to gather the salmon timing data over the past 49 years. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1155 EP 1164 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr080 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 797BI UT WOS:000293097200019 ER PT J AU King, JR Agostini, VN Harvey, CJ McFarlane, GA Foreman, MGG Overland, JE Di Lorenzo, E Bond, NA Aydin, KY AF King, Jacquelynne R. Agostini, Vera N. Harvey, Christopher J. McFarlane, Gordon A. Foreman, Michael G. G. Overland, James E. Di Lorenzo, Emanuele Bond, Nicholas A. Aydin, Kerim Y. TI Climate forcing and the California Current ecosystem SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE blue shark; California Current; Chinook salmon; climate change; Dover sole; empirical scenarios; mechanistic models; Pacific hake; Pacific sardine ID SABLEFISH ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA; SOLE MICROSTOMUS-PACIFICUS; HAKE MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS; LIFE-HISTORY STAGES; EL-NINO; NORTH PACIFIC; CURRENT SYSTEM; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DEMERSAL FISHES AB The Climate Forcing and Marine Ecosystem (CFAME) Task Team of the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) was formed to address climate forcing impacts on ecosystem structure and productivity of marine species. For the California Current system, the Task Team described the physical processes, built an overview of species across trophic levels, and described how the population dynamics of these species have changed over time. Based on the synthesis work, conceptual models were developed describing the potential pathways linking climate forcing, oceanography, and species' responses. The resultant empirical data scenarios draw on ecosystem histories to provide a synopsis of expected change given global climate change. The multidisciplinary team faced challenges and limitations in their attempt to draw connections between the outputs from global climate models (GCMs), the physical processes, and the subsequent impacts on species via the identified pathways. To some degree, there was a mismatch of variables that fishery scientists identified as important in determining species' response to climate and physical forcing and the variables that current GCMs can now resolve at the regional level. These gaps will be important for researchers to consider as they begin to develop higher-resolution climate and regional oceanographic models for forecasting changes in species' productivity. C1 [King, Jacquelynne R.; McFarlane, Gordon A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Agostini, Vera N.] Nature Conservancy, Global Marine Initiat, Coconut Grove, FL 33133 USA. [Harvey, Christopher J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Foreman, Michael G. G.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Overland, James E.; Bond, Nicholas A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Di Lorenzo, Emanuele] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP King, JR (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. EM jackie.king@dfo-mpo.gc.ca RI Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/E-9107-2012 OI Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/0000-0002-1935-7363 FU PICES FX We thank T. Kimber for her assistance in producing Figure 9, M. Wang and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments, N. Hendrickson for copy-editing, PICES for partial financial support, and CFAME members from other regions for stimulating discussions. NR 94 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 40 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1199 EP 1216 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr009 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 797BI UT WOS:000293097200023 ER PT J AU Ainsworth, CH Samhouri, JF Busch, DS Cheung, WWL Dunne, J Okey, TA AF Ainsworth, C. H. Samhouri, J. F. Busch, D. S. Cheung, W. W. L. Dunne, J. Okey, T. A. TI Potential impacts of climate change on Northeast Pacific marine foodwebs and fisheries SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Alaska; British Columbia; California; climate change; dissolved oxygen; Ecopath; Ecosim; ocean acidification; primary production; range shift; sea surface temperature ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; ECOSYSTEM MODELS; CARBON-CYCLE; BIODIVERSITY; HYPOXIA; SYSTEMS; PHYTOPLANKTON AB Although there has been considerable research on the impacts of individual changes in water temperature, carbonate chemistry, and other variables on species, cumulative impacts of these effects have rarely been studied. Here, we simulate changes in (i) primary productivity, (ii) species range shifts, (iii) zooplankton community size structure, (iv) ocean acidification, and (v) ocean deoxygenation both individually and together using five Ecopath with Ecosim models of the northeast Pacific Ocean. We used a standardized method to represent climate effects that relied on time-series forcing functions: annual multipliers of species productivity. We focused on changes in fisheries landings, biomass, and ecosystem characteristics (diversity and trophic indices). Fisheries landings generally declined in response to cumulative effects and often to a greater degree than would have been predicted based on individual climate effects, indicating possible synergies. Total biomass of fished and unfished functional groups displayed a decline, though unfished groups were affected less negatively. Some functional groups (e.g. pelagic and demersal invertebrates) were predicted to respond favourably under cumulative effects in some regions. The challenge of predicting climate change impacts must be met if we are to adapt and manage rapidly changing marine ecosystems in the 21st century. C1 [Ainsworth, C. H.] Amer Inc, Marine Resources Assessment Grp MRAG, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Samhouri, J. F.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Portland, OR 97202 USA. [Samhouri, J. F.; Busch, D. S.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Cheung, W. W. L.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Dunne, J.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Okey, T. A.] W Coast Vancouver Isl Aquat Management Board, Port Alberni, BC V9Y 4X4, Canada. [Okey, T. A.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. RP Ainsworth, CH (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ainsworth@marine.usf.edu RI Ainsworth, Cameron/E-8507-2011; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Cheung, William/F-5104-2013 OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Cheung, William/0000-0003-3626-1045 FU Pew Environment Group of the Pew Charitable Trusts; The David and Lucille Packard Foundation; National Research Council; PICES; ICES FX This research was initiated with the support of the Pew Environment Group of the Pew Charitable Trusts through a Pew Fellowship in Marine Conservation to TAO. The David and Lucille Packard Foundation provided support for CHA, and DSB was supported by a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship. The authors also thank PICES and ICES for graciously providing travel funding to present this work at the International Symposium on Climate Change Effects on Fish and Fisheries held in Sendai, Japan, April 2010. The symbols used are by courtesy of the Integration and Application Network (ian.umces.edu/symbols/), University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. NR 56 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 5 U2 116 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1217 EP 1229 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr043 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 797BI UT WOS:000293097200024 ER PT J AU Hunt, GL Coyle, KO Eisner, LB Farley, EV Heintz, RA Mueter, F Napp, JM Overland, JE Ressler, PH Salo, S Stabeno, PJ AF Hunt, George L., Jr. Coyle, Kenneth O. Eisner, Lisa B. Farley, Edward V. Heintz, Ron A. Mueter, Franz Napp, Jeffrey M. Overland, James E. Ressler, Patrick H. Salo, Sigrid Stabeno, Phyllis J. TI Climate impacts on eastern Bering Sea foodwebs: a synthesis of new data and an assessment of the Oscillating Control Hypothesis SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; climate change; crustacean zooplankton; Oscillating Control Hypothesis; sea ice cover; Theragra chalcogramma; walleye pollock; year-class strength ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SHORT-TAILED SHEARWATERS; AGE-0 WALLEYE POLLOCK; INNER FRONT; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; REGIME SHIFTS; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEM; SHELF; PATTERNS AB Walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) is an important component of the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem and subject to major fisheries. The Oscillating Control Hypothesis (OCH) predicted that recruitment of pollock year classes should be greatest in years with early ice retreat and late blooms in warm water, because more energy would flow into the pelagic (vs. benthic) community. The OCH further predicted that, with pollock population growth, there should be a shift from bottom-up to top-down regulation. New data support the predictions that in those years with early ice retreat, more primary production accrues to the pelagic compartment and that large numbers of age-0 pollock survive to summer. However, in these years, production of large crustacean zooplankton is reduced, depriving age-0 pollock of lipid-rich prey in summer and autumn. Consequently, age-0 pollock energy reserves (depot lipids) are low and predation on them is increased as fish switch to age-0 pollock from zooplankton. The result is weak recruitment of age-1 recruits the following year. A revised OCH indicates bottom-up constraints on pollock recruitment in very warm periods. Prolonged warm periods with decreased ice cover will likely cause diminished pollock recruitment and catches relative to recent values. C1 [Hunt, George L., Jr.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Napp, Jeffrey M.; Ressler, Patrick H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Coyle, Kenneth O.] Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Eisner, Lisa B.; Farley, Edward V.; Heintz, Ron A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Mueter, Franz] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Overland, James E.; Salo, Sigrid; Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, OAR Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hunt, GL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, POB 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM geohunt2@uw.edu OI Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697 FU NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center; US National Science Foundation; Arctic Natural Sciences Program; North Pacific Research Board; Bering Sea Fisherman's Association; Arctic Yukon Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Fund; NSF [0722448, 0830146] FX GLH thanks all co-authors for generously sharing their latest, often unpublished, results. This overview would not have been possible without their collaboration. The research reported here was supported by NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center, the US National Science Foundation, the Arctic Natural Sciences Program, and the North Pacific Research Board. Data collection in the BASIS program was supported by the North Pacific Research Board, the Bering Sea Fisherman's Association and the Arctic Yukon Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Fund. GLH was supported by NSF grants 0722448 and 0830146 while preparing this paper. We thank K. Aydin, K. M. Bailey, M. B. Decker, and A. S. Kitaysky for comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on improving it. This is a contribution of the IMBER regional Program, Ecosystem Studies of Sub-Arctic Seas (ESSAS), contribution number 10 from the BEST/BSIERP programmes, NPRB publication number 278, and contribution number EcoFOCI-0763 from NOAA's Fisheries- Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. NR 50 TC 153 Z9 158 U1 5 U2 67 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1230 EP 1243 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr036 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 797BI UT WOS:000293097200025 ER PT J AU Botsford, LW Holland, MD Samhouri, JF White, JW Hastings, A AF Botsford, Louis W. Holland, Matthew D. Samhouri, Jameal F. White, J. Wilson Hastings, Alan TI Importance of age structure in models of the response of upper trophic levels to fishing and climate change SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE age structure; climate; fisheries; population modelling; upper trophic levels ID SINGLE-SPECIES MODELS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; POPULATION-MODELS; LIFE-HISTORY; ECOSIM; FREQUENCY; IMPACTS; SALMON; CONSEQUENCES AB There is a growing effort to use predictions of the physical state of the ocean under climate change to forecast the response of marine ecosystems. Many of these forecasts use ecosystem models rather than age-structured population models to describe upper trophic level (UTL) species. We illustrate the potential effects of climate on age-structured populations, then illustrate the ways in which ecosystem models might not depict adequately: (i) long-term changes in abundance, and (ii) variability attributable to cohort resonance. We simulated two generic species with different life histories, a short-lived semelparous species (e.g. salmon), and a long-lived iteroparous species (e.g. cod). For both species, juvenile survival was varied, first with white noise, then with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation as environmental signals. Variability in recruitment increased with fishing and became particularly sensitive to forcing at time-scales near the mean age of reproduction, consistent with the cohort resonance effect. Ecosystem models without age structure do not predict this behaviour, particularly when the ecosystem model incorrectly predicts the effective steepness of the stock recruitment relationship, or the age structure is approximated by a stage-structured model. We suggest that ecosystem models of UTLs include full representations of age structure, fitted to available population data. C1 [Botsford, Louis W.; Holland, Matthew D.; White, J. Wilson] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Samhouri, Jameal F.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. [Hastings, Alan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Botsford, LW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lwbotsford@ucdavis.edu FU National Science Foundation [NSF OCE0815293]; ICES/PICES FX This research is part of US GLOBEC synthesis activities and was supported by National Science Foundation grant NSF OCE0815293. JFS thanks ICES/PICES for providing financial support to attend the International Symposium on Climate Change Effects on Fish and Fisheries held in Sendai, Japan, April 2010, and I. Kaplan for valuable discussion. NR 47 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 34 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1270 EP 1283 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr042 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 797BI UT WOS:000293097200028 ER PT J AU Mueter, FJ Bond, NA Ianelli, JN Hollowed, AB AF Mueter, Franz J. Bond, Nicholas A. Ianelli, James N. Hollowed, Anne B. TI Expected declines in recruitment of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the eastern Bering Sea under future climate change SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; climate change; forecasting; recruitment; sea surface temperature; statistical downscaling; walleye pollock ID VARIABILITY; FISH; ECOSYSTEM; ENVIRONMENT; PATTERNS; SHELF; CANNIBALISM; TEMPERATURE; POPULATIONS; RESPONSES AB A statistical model is developed to link recruitment of eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock (Theragra chalcograrnma) to variability in late summer sea surface temperatures and to the biomass of major predators. The model is based on recent advances in the understanding of pollock recruitment, which suggest that warm spring conditions enhance the survival of early larvae, but high temperatures in late summer and autumn are associated with poor feeding conditions for young-of-year pollock and reduced recruitment in the following year. A statistical downscaling approach is used to generate an ensemble of late summer temperature forecasts through 2050, based on a range of IPCC climate projections. These forecasts are used to simulate future recruitment within an age-structured stock projection model that accounts for density-dependent effects (stock recruitment relationship), the estimated effects of temperature and predation, and associated uncertainties. On average, recruitment in 2040-2050 should expectedly decline by 32-58% relative to a random recruitment scenario, depending on assumptions about the temperature relationship, the magnitude of density-dependence, and future changes in predator biomass. The approach illustrated here can be used to evaluate the performance of different management strategies and provide long-term strategic advice to managers confronted with a rapidly changing climate. C1 [Mueter, Franz J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ianelli, James N.; Hollowed, Anne B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Mueter, FJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM fmueter@alaska.edu FU NSF; NPRB FX NOAA ERSST v3 data, air temperatures at St Paul airport, and NCEP Reanalysis data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, CO, USA, from their website at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. We thank our colleagues in the BEST-BSIERP Project, which is supported by NSF and NPRB, for many valuable discussions and access to data and manuscripts. In particular, we thank Phyllis Stabeno for providing the M2 data, Carol Ladd for providing the stratification index, Robert Lauth for providing bottom-trawl survey data for Figure 1, and Ed Farley for providing BASIS survey data for age-0 distributions in Figure 1. This is NPRB contribution #287 and BEST-BSIERP contribution #18. NR 43 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 35 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1284 EP 1296 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr022 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 797BI UT WOS:000293097200029 ER PT J AU Ianelli, JN Hollowed, AB Haynie, AC Mueter, FJ Bond, NA AF Ianelli, James N. Hollowed, Anne B. Haynie, Alan C. Mueter, Franz J. Bond, Nicholas A. TI Evaluating management strategies for eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in a changing environment SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate models; eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock; fisheries management; harvest strategies ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; FISH-MEAL; FISHERIES; MODELS; ALASKA; VARIABILITY; RECRUITMENT; CATCH; GULF AB The impacts of climate change on fish and fisheries is expected to increase the demand for more accurate stock projections and harvest strategies that are robust to shifting production regimes. To address these concerns, we evaluate the performance of fishery management control rules for eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock stock under climate change. We compared the status quo policy with six alternative management strategies under two types of recruitment pattern simulations: one that follows temperature-induced trends and the other that follows a stationary recruitment pattern similar to historical observations. A subset of 82 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change climate models provided temperature inputs from which an additional 100 stochastic simulated recruitments were generated to obtain the same overall recruitment variability as observed for the stationary recruitment simulations. Results indicate that status quo management with static reference points and current ecosystem considerations will result in much lower average catches and an increased likelihood of fishery closures, should reduced recruitment because of warming conditions hold. Alternative reference point calculations and control rules have similar performance under stationary recruitment relative to status quo, but may offer significant gains under the changing environmental conditions. C1 [Ianelli, James N.; Hollowed, Anne B.; Haynie, Alan C.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mueter, Franz J.] Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Ianelli, JN (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jim.ianelli@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 29 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1297 EP 1304 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr010 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 797BI UT WOS:000293097200030 ER PT J AU Zhang, CI Hollowed, AB Lee, JB Kim, DH AF Zhang, Chang Ik Hollowed, Anne Babcock Lee, Jae-Bong Kim, Do-Hoon TI An IFRAME approach for assessing impacts of climate change on fisheries SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fisheries assessment; forecasting; IFRAME; impacts of climate change; management ID MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; FOOD WEBS; INDICATORS; FRAMEWORK; ECOPATH; NEMURO; FUTURE; ECOSIM; SHIFTS AB A new assessment framework is proposed for evaluating the performance of management strategies relative to the goals of an ecosystem approach to management (EAM) under different climate change scenarios. Earlier studies have demonstrated how global climate model simulations from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change can be used to force regional ocean circulation models and forecast regional changes in bottom-up forcing. We extend this approach to assess the ecosystem impacts of resource use and climate change in marine ecosystems, by developing an Integrated Fisheries Risk Analysis Method for Ecosystems (IFRAME) framework. The IFRAME approach tracks climate change impacts on the flow of energy through the planktonic foodweb using NEMURO and projects the implications of these shifts in bottom-up forcing on the fisheries foodweb using Ecopath with Ecosim. Resource management scenarios are developed and incorporated into the projection framework by characterizing the action for changes in fishing mortality or availability of resources. An integrated suite of ecosystem status indicators are proposed to assess the performance of management scenarios relative to the goals of an EAM. These ecosystem status indicators track four key management objectives of the ecosystem: sustainability, biodiversity, habitat quantity, and quality and socio-economic status. C1 [Hollowed, Anne Babcock] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Zhang, Chang Ik] Pukyong Natl Univ, Div Marine Prod Syst Management, Pusan 608737, South Korea. [Lee, Jae-Bong; Kim, Do-Hoon] Natl Fisheries Res & Dev Inst, Pusan 619705, South Korea. RP Hollowed, AB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM anne.hollowed@noaa.gov FU OECD FX We thank Kerim Aydin and Pat Livingston for helpful comments and guidance in formulating this paper. We also appreciate Bernard Megrey's vision of a full end-to-end model, which served as an inspiration for this paper. We are grateful too to three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful review of this paper. This research was partly supported by the OECD workshop on climate changes and fisheries project. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1318 EP 1328 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr073 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 797BI UT WOS:000293097200032 ER PT J AU Mundy, BC Cole, K Chave, EH Moffitt, RB AF Mundy, Bruce C. Cole, Kathleen Chave, E. H. Moffitt, Robert B. TI Two deep-sea spiny eels, Notacanthus abbotti and Lipogenys gillii (Albuliformes: Notacanthidae), from the Hawaiian Archipelago and Emperor Seamounts with notes on their identification and biogeography SO ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Notacanthiformes; Notacanthidae; Lipogenyidae; Hawaiian Islands; Central North Pacific ID FISH AB Deep-sea spiny eels (Notacanthidae) were previously reported from the Hawaiian Archipelago; however, these reports lacked detailed information to confirm the identity of the species. We provide collection and taxonomic data for the earlier records. The first central Pacific specimen of Lipogenys gillii is reported from Hawai'i Island. A record of Notacanthus abbotti from the Hancock Seamounts, at the northern end of the Archipelago, is confirmed. Specimens from Maui, main Hawaiian Islands, previously reported as N. chemnitzii, are reidentified as N. abbotti. The Hawaiian records of notacanthids are the only reports of the family from the Pacific tectonic plate. C1 [Mundy, Bruce C.; Moffitt, Robert B.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Cole, Kathleen] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Chave, E. H.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Undersea Res Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Mundy, BC (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Bruce.Mundy@noaa.gov FU Hawai'i Undersea Research Laboratory (NOAA National Undersea Research and University of Hawai'i); University of Hawai'i at Manoa Department of Zoology; NOAA NMFS Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center FX We are grateful to the following for their assistance: Sara Peck (University of Hawai'i Sea Grant, Hawai'i Island) recognized the specimen of Lipogenys as unusual, saved it, and allowed us to publish its record. Dana Riddle (County of Hawai'i) photographed the specimen while it was fresh. The crews and scientific parties of the NOAA ship Townsend Cromwell cruises TC-59 and 86-06 collected the Notacanthus specimens; in particular we acknowledge Paul Struhsaker for recognizing the Maui specimens as noteworthy and preserving them. Michael P. Seki (PIFSC) photographed one of the Maui specimens of Notacanthus abbotti at our request and allowed us to use his photograph. Sandra Raredon (USNM) created the X-ray images. We thank the submersible pilots, crew, and scientists aboard the HURL cruises in which notacanthids were first recorded from the Hawaiian Archipelago. Christopher Tokita (PIFSC) provided the sampling data for the NOAA ship Townsend Cromwell stations, from the PIFSC data archives. Ani Au (PIFSC librarian) assisted in obtaining references. Arnold Suzumoto, collection manager of the BPBM ichthyology collection, cataloged the specimens into that permanent archive. Many useful suggestions for improvement of this paper were provided by Karen Underkoffler (Univ. Hawai'i Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies), Dr. Kenneth Sulak (US Geological Survey, Florida Integrated Science Center), Dr. David G. Smith (USNM), Robert Humphreys (PIFSC), Audrey Rivero (PIFSC), Dr. Hiromitsu Endo (Kochi University), and two anonymous reviewers. Our research was supported by the Hawai'i Undersea Research Laboratory (NOAA National Undersea Research Program and University of Hawai'i), University of Hawai'i at Manoa Department of Zoology, and the NOAA NMFS Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1341-8998 J9 ICHTHYOL RES JI Ichthyol. Res. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 58 IS 3 BP 263 EP 271 DI 10.1007/s10228-011-0225-3 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 798FB UT WOS:000293186900010 ER PT J AU Nishimura, G Sturdevant, M AF Nishimura, Gary Sturdevant, Molly TI Portable Winch Technology For Use on Smaller Vessels Lightweight, Easy-to-Install 'Sidewinder' Block Winch Allows Small Watercraft to Perform Work of Much Larger Vessels SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Nishimura, Gary] Markey Machinery, Seattle, WA USA. [Sturdevant, Molly] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK USA. RP Nishimura, G (reprint author), Markey Machinery, Seattle, WA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 52 IS 7 BP 21 EP 24 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 796NA UT WOS:000293056800005 ER PT J AU Naugol'nykh, K AF Naugol'nykh, K. TI Sound amplification in a supersaturated vapor SO ACOUSTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE sound amplification; supersaturated vapor; condensation; heat release; resonance interaction AB A sound wave in supersaturated water vapor can produce the process of heat release caused by condensation, which occures to be in phase with sound. The resonance interaction of sound with modulated heat release provides the sound amplification and the spectra of raindrops changes. C1 Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Naugol'nykh, K.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Naugol'nykh, K.] Zel Technol LLC, Boulder, CO USA. RP Naugol'nykh, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Konstantin.Naugolnylh@noaa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7710 J9 ACOUST PHYS+ JI Acoust. Phys. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 57 IS 4 BP 460 EP 464 DI 10.1134/S1063771011030158 PG 5 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 794TK UT WOS:000292924000005 ER PT J AU Cline, JP Von Dreele, RB Winburn, R Stephens, PW Filliben, JJ AF Cline, James P. Von Dreele, Robert B. Winburn, Ryan Stephens, Peter W. Filliben, James J. TI Addressing the amorphous content issue in quantitative phase analysis: the certification of NIST standard reference material 676a SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; POWDER DIFFRACTOMETRY; RIETVELD METHOD; EXTINCTION; PROFILE; DISTRIBUTIONS; MIXTURES; PATTERNS; SAMPLES; GROWTH AB A non-diffracting surface layer exists at any boundary of a crystal and can comprise a mass fraction of several percent in a finely divided solid. This has led to the long-standing issue of amorphous content in standards for quantitative phase analysis (QPA). NIST standard reference material (SRM) 676a is a corundum (alpha-Al2O3) powder, certified with respect to phase purity for use as an internal standard in powder diffraction QPA. The amorphous content of SRM 676a is determined by comparing diffraction data from mixtures with samples of silicon powders that were engineered to vary their specific surface area. Under the (supported) assumption that the thickness of an amorphous surface layer on Si was invariant, this provided a method to control the crystalline/amorphous ratio of the silicon components of 50/50 weight mixtures of SRM 676a with silicon. Powder diffraction experiments utilizing neutron time-of-flight and 25 keV and 67 keV X-ray energies quantified the crystalline phase fractions from a series of specimens. Results from Rietveld analyses, which included a model for extinction effects in the silicon, of these data were extrapolated to the limit of zero amorphous content of the Si powder. The certified phase purity of SRM 676a is 99.02% +/- 1.11% (95% confidence interval). This novel certification method permits quantification of amorphous content for any sample of interest, by spiking with SRM. 676a. (C) 2011 International Union of Crystallography Printed in Singapore - all rights reserved C1 [Cline, James P.; Filliben, James J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Von Dreele, Robert B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Winburn, Ryan] Minot State Univ, Minot, ND 58707 USA. [Stephens, Peter W.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Cline, JP (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jcline@nist.gov FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science. Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We are grateful to the following individuals: Marty Green of the NIST Ceramics Division, Material Science and Engineering Laboratory for discussions concerning the surface character of silicon; Ashfia Huq of Oak Ridge National Laboratory for early contributions to this project leading to the re-certification of SRM 676 for amorphous content; Peter L. Lee for the collection of 25 keV data on beamline 32-ID-B at the Advanced Photon Source; Max Peltz of the NIST Materials and Construction Research Division, Building Fire and Research Laboratory, for the collection of the light scattering particle-size data; Brian Toby for useful discussions; and Pamela Whitfield of National Research Council, Canada, for assistance with the computations concerning the crystallite size distribution of SRM 676a. Use of the Advanced Photon Source and Intense Pulsed Neutron Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science. Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD JUL PY 2011 VL 67 BP 357 EP 367 DI 10.1107/S0108767311014565 PN 4 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 794ZW UT WOS:000292942300005 PM 21694474 ER PT J AU Amornthammarong, N Zhang, JZ Ortner, PB AF Amornthammarong, Natchanon Zhang, Jia-Zhong Ortner, Peter B. TI An autonomous batch analyzer for the determination of trace ammonium in natural waters using fluorometric detection SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS-FLOW ANALYSIS; COLORIMETRIC DETERMINATION; NANOMOLAR CONCENTRATIONS; SEQUENTIAL INJECTION; SEAWATER; EXPOSURE; NITRATE; SYSTEM; JUVENILES; TOXICITY AB An autonomous batch analyzer (ABA) is described for the measurement of ammonium in natural waters. The system combines previously described batch analysis and continuous flow analysis methods. With its simpler design, the system is robust, flexible, inexpensive, and requires minimal maintenance. The sampling frequency is ca. 8 h(-1) and the limit of detection ca. 1 nM which is comparable to the most sensitive flow through or batch analysis methods previously described. Reproducibility is 0.6% (n=10) at an ammonium level of 200 nM. There are three working ranges: 5-1000 nM, 20-4000 nM, and 0.2-25 mu M. In addition, the system produces a calibration curve by autodilution from a single stock standard solution with the same accuracy as traditional manual calibration methods. Representative field data and comparisons with standard EPA methods confirm the utility of the ABA. C1 [Amornthammarong, Natchanon; Ortner, Peter B.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Jia-Zhong] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Ortner, PB (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, CIMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM POrtner@rsmas.miami.edu RI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008; Amornthammarong, Natchanon/A-5752-2011 OI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556; Amornthammarong, Natchanon/0000-0003-1677-1865 FU National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) [N000141010210]; Florida Area Coastal Environment (FACE) program FX Financial support for this study was provided by National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) #N000141010210 and the Florida Area Coastal Environment (FACE) program. This research was carried out by the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) under Cooperative Agreement #NA67RJ0149 in collaboration with the Ocean Chemistry Division of NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the UM, NOAA or the U. S. Department of Commerce. We thank Lindsey Visser for analyzing the comparison samples. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PD JUL PY 2011 VL 3 IS 7 BP 1501 EP 1506 DI 10.1039/c1ay05095h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA 795MY UT WOS:000292979500009 ER PT J AU Roy, NK Walker, N Chambers, RC Wirgin, I AF Roy, Nirmal K. Walker, Nichole Chambers, R. Christopher Wirgin, Isaac TI Characterization and expression of cytochrome P4501A in Atlantic sturgeon and shortnose sturgeon experimentally exposed to coplanar PCB 126 and TCDD SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gene expression; PCBs; PCDD/Fs; Contaminant effects ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; RIVER ESTUARY; HUDSON RIVER; INDUCTION; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; TOMCOD; CONTAMINATION; ZEBRAFISH; SEDIMENTS; TOXICITY AB The AHR pathway activates transcription of CYP1A and mediates most toxic responses from exposure to halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon contaminants such as PCBs and PCDD/Fs. Therefore, expression of CYP1A is predictive of most higher level toxic responses from these chemicals. To date, no study had developed an assay to quantify CYP1A expression in any sturgeon species. We addressed this deficiency by partially characterizing CYP1A in Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) and shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum)and then used derived sturgeon sequences to develop reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR assays to quantify CYP1A mRNA expression in TCDD and PCB126 treated early life-stages of both species. Phylogenetic analysis of CYP1A, CYP1B, CYP1C and CYP3A deduced amino acid sequences from other fishes and sturgeons revealed that our putative Atlantic sturgeon and shortnose sturgeon CYP1A sequences most closely clustered with previously derived CYP1A sequences. We then used semi-quantitative and real-time RT-PCR to measure CYP1A mRNA levels in newly hatched Atlantic sturgeon and shortnose sturgeon larvae that were exposed to graded doses of waterborne PCB126 (0.01-1000 parts per billion (ppb)) and TCDD (0.001-10 ppb). We initially observed significant induction of CYP1A mRNA compared to vehicle control at the lowest doses of PCB126 and TCDD used, 0.01 ppb and 0.001 ppb, respectively. Significant induction was observed at all doses of both chemicals although lower expression was seen at the highest doses. We also compared CYP1A expression among tissues of i.p. injected shortnose sturgeon and found significant inducibility in heart, intestine, and liver, but not in blood, gill, or pectoral fin clips. For the first time, our results indicate that young life-stages of sturgeons are sensitive to AHR ligands at environmentally relevant concentrations, however, it is yet to be determined if induction of CYP1A can be used as a biomarker in environmental biomonitoring. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Roy, Nirmal K.; Walker, Nichole; Wirgin, Isaac] New York Univ Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. [Chambers, R. Christopher] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Howard Marine Sci Lab, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Wirgin, I (reprint author), New York Univ Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. EM Isaac.wirgin@nyumc.org RI Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014 OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020 FU NOAA Office of Response and Restoration; Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NOAA); SBRP Grant [ES10344] FX We thank the NOAA Office of Response and Restoration and the Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NOAA) and SBRP Grant ES10344 for their support and the Molecular Facilities Core of the NYU NIEHS Center ES00260 for use of shared instrumentation. We thank Cornel Ceapa, Boyd Kynard, and Micah Kieffer for sample acquisition and Steve McCormick, Erika Parker, Tara Duffy, Dawn Davis, Ehren Habeck, James Lang, Sarah Fann, Jasmine Bruno, and Elizabeth Henderson for treatment, rearing, and processing of fishes. We also acknowledge the help of Malcolm Mohead in procuring the CITES and ESA permits for this study. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 104 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.03.009 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 795CS UT WOS:000292949700003 PM 21543048 ER PT J AU Persily, AK AF Persily, Andrew K. TI ASHRAE's IAQ Mission SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material AB ASHRAE's long history of increasing building energy efficiency is even more important today given increasing energy costs and growing concerns about the environmental impacts of building energy use. These contributions include the decades-long prominence of ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1 and the more recent Advanced Energy Design Guides and Building Energy Quotient (bEQ) labeling program. However, as ASHRAE continues its important work to reduce building energy consumption, concerns have been expressed about whether indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and environmental health (EH) in general are being given enough emphasis in the race toward energy reduction. C1 NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Persily, AK (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 53 IS 7 BP 138 EP 139 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 793GW UT WOS:000292809400022 ER PT J AU Mateo, I Durbin, E Appeldoorn, R Adams, A Juanes, F Durant, D AF Mateo, Ivan Durbin, Edward Appeldoorn, Richard Adams, Aaron Juanes, Francis Durant, Daisy TI INFERRED GROWTH OF JUVENILE FRENCH GRUNTS, HAEMULON FLAVOLINEATUM, AND SCHOOLMASTER, LUTJANUS APODUS, IN MANGROVE AND SEAGRASS HABITATS SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF FISHES; SOUTHWESTERN PUERTO-RICO; SHALLOW-WATER BIOTOPES; CARIBBEAN BAY; SELECTIVE MORTALITY; ESTUARINE HABITATS; LARVAL GROWTH; SALT-MARSHES; BACK-REEF; PREDATION AB Growth, survival, and abundance of young, and their connectivity to adult populations are four primary factors used to define nursery habitats. In the present study, we examined the relative quality of mangrove and seagrass habitats for juvenile French grunt, Haemulon flavolineatum (Desmarest, 1823), and schoolmaster, Lutjanus apodus (Walbaum, 1792), reef fish populations in St. Croix and Puerto Rico by using otolith microstructure to compare growth in these habitats. Mean daily otolith increment widths during the post-settlement period (30-60 d) of surviving late juvenile French grunts and schoolmaster collected in 2007 were compared between mangrove and seagrass habitats within each island. Increments widths were significantly wider during the post-settlement period in mangrove habitats at both study locations for both species. Our inferred growth interpretations indicate that mangroves may support faster growing fishes than seagrass habitats. However, due to the fact that the observed growth rates reflect the traits of the surviving cohorts among habitats, other factors, such as size-selective mortality/emigration and previous larval growth history, should also be considered in the interpretation of the observed growth patterns. C1 [Mateo, Ivan] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries Anim & Vet Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Durbin, Edward] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Appeldoorn, Richard] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Adams, Aaron] Charlotte Harbor Field Stn, Mote Marine Lab, Pineland, FL 33945 USA. [Juanes, Francis] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Durant, Daisy] Narragansett Bay Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Prudence Isl, RI 02872 USA. RP Mateo, I (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Serv, NE Reg Off, 55 Great Republ Dr, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. EM imateo32@cox.net FU Puerto Rico Sea Grant College [AN05-05-030]; PADI Aware Foundation; Sigma Xi FX We thank H Rivera and W Tobias from DFW St. Croix, fishermen J Sanchez and G Martinez, and St. Croix Anchor Dive for their help and support in St. Croix. Special thanks go to M Nemeth, T Marshak, H Ruiz, M Rosado, and G Martinez from the University of Puerto Rico; and to P Collazo for support for assistance in PR. We also thank K Friedland for his assistance at the image analysis lab at the National Marine Fisheries Science Center in Narragansett, Rhode Island. Special thanks go to J Hare, G Forrester, D Bengtson, C Recksiek, and KNI Bell for their critical reviews and comments on previous versions of the manuscript. This study was funded through Puerto Rico Sea Grant College Program (Grant number AN05-05-030), PADI Aware Foundation, and Sigma Xi, with additional logistical support from the Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 26 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 87 IS 3 BP 339 EP 350 DI 10.5343/bms.2010.1064 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 795RW UT WOS:000292994500004 ER PT J AU Lo, NCH Macewicz, BJ Griffith, DA AF Lo, Nancy C. H. Macewicz, Beverly J. Griffith, David A. TI MIGRATION OF PACIFIC SARDINE (SARDINOPS SAGAX) OFF THE WEST COAST OF UNITED STATES IN 2003-2005 SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SHARK ALOPIAS-VULPINUS; SOUTHERN QUEENSLAND; SPAWNING PATTERNS; CALIFORNIA; FISHERY; BIOLOGY AB The Pacific sardine, Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842), is distributed along the West Coast of North America from Baja California to British Columbia and supports a relatively large fishery off Oregon and Washington (Pacific Northwest, PNW). Based on four trawl surveys in July 2003, March and July 2004, and March 2005 off Oregon and Washington (42 degrees N-48 degrees N, 124 degrees W-128 degrees W), we estimate overall and size-specific annual population migration rates in 2003-2005 from the PNW to California and a minimum migratory biomass from California to the PNW. The difference in biomass of potential migrants (fish >= 200 mm) between July and March cruises was used to estimate the annual total and length-specific Pacific sardine migration rates in 2003-2005. An estimated 54% (CV = 0.12) of the total biomass of Pacific sardines, 42% (CV = 0.29) of 200 mm fish, 44% (CV = 0.25) of 210 mm fish, and close to 100% of > 210-mm fish moved from the PNW to California annually in 2003-2005. At least 16,000 mt (CV = 0.42) moved from California to the PNW in the summer of 2004. These results indicate that Pacific sardine populations off California and the PNW are not isolated stocks. The estimated annual migration rates can be incorporated into stock assessment models and be used to enhance understanding the stock structure off the PNW and California. C1 [Lo, Nancy C. H.; Macewicz, Beverly J.; Griffith, David A.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Lo, NCH (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Nancy.lo@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 87 IS 3 BP 395 EP 412 DI 10.5343/bms.2010.1077 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 795RW UT WOS:000292994500007 ER PT J AU Muhling, BA Lamkin, JT Quattro, JM Smith, RH Roberts, MA Roffer, MA Ramirez, K AF Muhling, Barbara A. Lamkin, John T. Quattro, Joseph M. Smith, Ryan H. Roberts, Mark A. Roffer, Mitchell A. Ramirez, Karina TI COLLECTION OF LARVAL BLUEFIN TUNA (THUNNUS THYNNUS) OUTSIDE DOCUMENTED WESTERN ATLANTIC SPAWNING GROUNDS SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SATELLITE; INDEXES; FISH AB Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758), are highly migratory and capable of traversing large distances throughout the North Atlantic Ocean. However, the majority of spawning activity has only been reported from the Mediterranean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. In early April 2009, low numbers of very small larval bluefin tuna were collected within and south of the Yucatan Channel, and along the western boundary of the Loop Current, northeast of Campeche Bank. In situ current velocity measurements showed that these larvae were collected in moderate to strong northward flow regimes, suggesting that they were spawned outside of the Gulf of Mexico. Here we describe the location and oceanographic environment of these larval bluefin tuna collections, and compare the 2009 data with some historical collections in the area. C1 [Muhling, Barbara A.] Univ Miami, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33146 USA. [Lamkin, John T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Quattro, Joseph M.; Roberts, Mark A.] Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Quattro, Joseph M.; Roberts, Mark A.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Smith, Ryan H.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Roberts, Mark A.] Roffers Ocean Fishing Forecasting Serv Inc, W Melbourne, FL 32904 USA. [Ramirez, Karina] Inst Nacl Pesca, Direcc Gen Invest Pesquera Atlantico, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Muhling, BA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33146 USA. EM Barbara.Muhling@noaa.gov RI Smith, Ryan/A-5706-2011 OI Smith, Ryan/0000-0001-9824-6989 FU NASA FX We acknowledge the captain and crew of both United States and Mexican research vessels for sample collection. S Privoznik, E Malca, and A Ender at the NOAA SEFSC prepared larvae for genetic analyses, and scientists from NOAA (United States) and INAPESCA (Mexico) participated in research cruises described here, and we also wish to acknowledge their valuable contribution. During the 2009 cruise, the ship was guided by analyses from G Gawlikowsi at Roffer's Ocean Fishing Forecasting Service, and the University of South Florida (F Muller-Karger, S Habtes), and we thank them for their collaboration and assistance. Support and analyses for the cruise were partially funded by the NASA Biodiversity and Ecological Forecasting program. Plankton samples were initially sorted at the Polish Plankton Sorting and Identification Center in Szczecin, Poland. Comments from three anonymous reviewers significantly improved the manuscript. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 87 IS 3 BP 687 EP 694 DI 10.5343/bms.2010.1101 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 795RW UT WOS:000292994500024 ER PT J AU Dima, AA Elliott, JT Filliben, JJ Halter, M Peskin, A Bernal, J Kociolek, M Brady, MC Tang, HC Plant, AL AF Dima, Alden A. Elliott, John T. Filliben, James J. Halter, Michael Peskin, Adele Bernal, Javier Kociolek, Marcin Brady, Mary C. Tang, Hai C. Plant, Anne L. TI Comparison of Segmentation Algorithms For Fluorescence Microscopy Images of Cells SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article DE fluorescence microscopy; k-means cluster; image segmentation; cell edge; bivariate similarity index ID SELECTION METHOD; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; NUCLEI; BIOLOGY AB The analysis of fluorescence microscopy of cells often requires the determination of cell edges. This is typically done using segmentation techniques that separate the cell objects in an image from the surrounding background. This study compares segmentation results from nine different segmentation techniques applied to two different cell lines and five different sets of imaging conditions. Significant variability in the results of segmentation was observed that was due solely to differences in imaging conditions or applications of different algorithms. We quantified and compared the results with a novel bivariate similarity index metric that evaluates the degree of underestimating or overestimating a cell object. The results show that commonly used threshold-based segmentation techniques are less accurate than k-means clustering with multiple clusters. Segmentation accuracy varies with imaging conditions that determine the sharpness of cell edges and with geometric features of a cell. Based on this observation, we propose a method that quantifies cell edge character to provide an estimate of how accurately an algorithm will perform. The results of this study will assist the development of criteria for evaluating interlaboratory comparability. Published 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 [Elliott, John T.; Halter, Michael; Plant, Anne L.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dima, Alden A.; Brady, Mary C.; Tang, Hai C.] NIST, Software & Syst Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Filliben, James J.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Peskin, Adele] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Informat Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bernal, Javier] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kociolek, Marcin] Tech Univ Lodz, Med Elect Div, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. RP Plant, AL (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anne.plant@nist.gov NR 44 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1552-4922 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD JUL PY 2011 VL 79A IS 7 BP 545 EP 559 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.21079 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 795CA UT WOS:000292947900007 PM 21674772 ER PT J AU Fritz, HM Borrero, JC Synolakis, CE Okal, EA Weiss, R Titov, VV Jaffe, BE Foteinis, S Lynett, PJ Chan, IC Liu, PLF AF Fritz, Hermann M. Borrero, Jose C. Synolakis, Costas E. Okal, Emile A. Weiss, Robert Titov, Vasily V. Jaffe, Bruce E. Foteinis, Spyros Lynett, Patrick J. Chan, I. -Chi Liu, Philip L. -F. TI Insights on the 2009 South Pacific tsunami in Samoa and Tonga from field surveys and numerical simulations SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE tsunami; earthquake; South Pacific; Samoa; Tonga ID EARTHQUAKE AB An M(w)approximate to 8.1 earthquake south of the Samoan Islands on 29 September 2009 generated a tsunami that killed 189 people. From 4 to 11 October, an International Tsunami Survey Team surveyed the seven major islands of the Samoan archipelago. The team measured locally focused runup heights of 17 m at Poloa and inundation of more than 500 m at Pago Pago. A follow-up expedition from 23 to 28 November surveying the three main islands of Tonga's northernmost Niua group revealed surprising 22 m runup and 1 km inundation. We analyze the extreme tsunami runup and complex impact distribution based on physical and societal observations combined with numerical modeling. That an outer rise/outer trench slope (OR/OTS) event is responsible for a tsunami disaster in the Pacific calls for care in identifying and defining tsunami hazards. Evacuation exercises conducted in Samoa in the preceding year may have limited the human toll; however, cars were identified as potential death traps during tsunami evacuations. This event highlights the extreme hazards from near source tsunamis when the earthquake's shaking constitutes the de facto warning, and further underscores the importance of community based education and awareness programs as essential in saving lives. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fritz, Hermann M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Savannah, GA 31407 USA. [Borrero, Jose C.] ASR Ltd, Raglan 3225, New Zealand. [Borrero, Jose C.; Synolakis, Costas E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Synolakis, Costas E.; Foteinis, Spyros] Tech Univ Crete, Dept Environm Engn, Chanea 73100, Greece. [Okal, Emile A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Evanston, IL USA. [Weiss, Robert] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX USA. [Titov, Vasily V.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Jaffe, Bruce E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Lynett, Patrick J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Chan, I. -Chi; Liu, Philip L. -F.] Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Fritz, HM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Savannah, GA 31407 USA. EM fritz@gatech.edu RI Lynett, Patrick/A-1458-2011; Weiss, Robert/B-8060-2012; Synolakis, Costas/B-3197-2008; Liu, Philip/E-3619-2013; Fritz, Hermann/H-5618-2013; Lynett, Patrick/B-5932-2014; Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012; OI Synolakis, Costas/0000-0003-0140-5379; Fritz, Hermann/0000-0002-6798-5401; Lynett, Patrick/0000-0002-2856-9405; Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829; Foteinis, Spyros/0000-0003-1471-578X FU National Science Foundation NSF [OCE-1000694] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation NSF RAPID-award OCE-1000694. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 107 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 66 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.03.004 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 796HD UT WOS:000293041500007 ER PT J AU Fryer, GJ AF Fryer, Gerard J. TI Walk the inundation limit: A suggestion for future post-tsunami surveys SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE tsunamis; American Samoa; inundation AB With any handheld GPS unit and a modest investment of time, typically about one hour per kilometer, it is possible to walk along the debris line and so map the inundation limit of a tsunami. These measurements are not adequate to define runup, but with an accuracy of three meters or better (one meter with simple processing) they are quite adequate for all scientific uses of inundation. The same data are invaluable to emergency managers planning recovery efforts. This short note uses the examples of Amanave and Tula in American Samoa, both affected by the 2009 South Pacific tsunami, to encourage the routine collection of such data in future post-tsunami surveys. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. RP Fryer, GJ (reprint author), Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, 91-270 Ft Weaver Rd, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. EM gerard.fryer@noaa.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 107 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 123 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.03.003 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 796HD UT WOS:000293041500011 ER PT J AU Wilson, RI Dengler, LA Goltz, JD Legg, MR Miller, KM Ritchie, A Whitmore, PM AF Wilson, Rick I. Dengler, Lori A. Goltz, James D. Legg, Mark R. Miller, Kevin M. Ritchie, Andy Whitmore, Paul M. TI Emergency response and field observation activities of geoscientists in California (USA) during the September 29, 2009, Samoa Tsunami SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; emergency management; geoscientist; field observations; warning center; local operational areas AB State geoscientists (geologists, geophysicists, seismologists, and engineers) in California work closely with federal, state and local government emergency managers to help prepare coastal communities for potential impacts from a tsunami before, during, and after an event. For teletsunamis, as scientific information (forecast model wave heights, first-wave arrival times, etc.) from NOAA's West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center is made available, federal- and state-level emergency managers must help convey this information in a concise, comprehensible and timely manner to local officials who ultimately determine the appropriate response activities for their jurisdictions. During the September 29, 2009 Tsunami Advisory for California, government geoscientists assisted the California Emergency Management Agency by providing technical assistance during teleconference meetings with NOAA and other state and local emergency managers prior to the arrival of the tsunami. This technical assistance included background information on anticipated tidal conditions when the tsunami was set to arrive, wave height estimates from state-modeled scenarios for areas not covered by NOAA's forecast models, and clarifying which regions of the state were at greatest risk. Over the last year, state geoscientists have started to provide additional assistance: 1) working closely with NOAA to simplify their tsunami alert messaging and expand their forecast modeling coverage; 2) creating "playbooks" containing information from existing tsunami scenarios for local emergency managers to reference during an event; and, 3) developing a state-level information "clearinghouse" and pre-tsunami field response team to assist local officials as well as observe and report tsunami effects. Activities of geoscientists were expanded during the more recent Tsunami Advisory on February 27, 2010, including deploying a geologist from the California Geological Survey as a field observer who provided information back to emergency managers. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wilson, Rick I.] Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Dengler, Lori A.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Goltz, James D.] Calif Emergency Management Agcy, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Legg, Mark R.] Legg Geophys, Huntington Beach, CA 92647 USA. [Miller, Kevin M.] Calif Emergency Management Agcy, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. [Ritchie, Andy] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Whitmore, Paul M.] NOAA NWS, W Coast Alaska Tsunami Warning Ctr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. RP Wilson, RI (reprint author), Calif Geol Survey, 801 K St MS 12-31, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. EM Rick.Wilson@conservation.ca.gov; Lori.Dengler@humboldt.edu; Jim.Goltz@calema.ca.gov; mrlegg@verizon.net; Kevin.Miller@calema.ca.gov; aritchie@usgs.gov; Paul.Whitmore@noaa.gov FU NOAA/NTHMP FX The authors would like to thank NOAA/NTHMP for supporting tsunami hazard mitigation and response activities in California. Thank you also to the NOAA-NWS Warning Coordination Meteorologists and the state and county emergency managers who are part of the California Tsunami Program Steering Committee for their participation in the post-event survey. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 107 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 193 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.01.010 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 796HD UT WOS:000293041500017 ER PT J AU Angert, AL Crozier, LG Rissler, LJ Gilman, SE Tewksbury, JJ Chunco, AJ AF Angert, Amy L. Crozier, Lisa G. Rissler, Leslie J. Gilman, Sarah E. Tewksbury, Josh J. Chunco, Amanda J. TI Do species' traits predict recent shifts at expanding range edges? SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Review DE Dispersal; global climate change; life history; range expansion ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; BODY-SIZE; EXTINCTION RISK; DISPERSAL; PLANTS; BIRDS; VULNERABILITY; POPULATION; PHYLOGENY; MODELS AB Although some organisms have moved to higher elevations and latitudes in response to recent climate change, there is little consensus regarding the capacity of different species to track rapid climate change via range shifts. Understanding species' abilities to shift ranges has important implications for assessing extinction risk and predicting future community structure. At an expanding front, colonization rates are determined jointly by rates of reproduction and dispersal. In addition, establishment of viable populations requires that individuals find suitable resources in novel habitats. Thus, species with greater dispersal ability, reproductive rate and ecological generalization should be more likely to expand into new regions under climate change. Here, we assess current evidence for the relationship between leading-edge range shifts and species' traits. We found expected relationships for several datasets, including diet breadth in North American Passeriformes and egg-laying habitat in British Odonata. However, models generally had low explanatory power. Thus, even statistically and biologically meaningful relationships are unlikely to be of predictive utility for conservation and management. Trait-based range shift forecasts face several challenges, including quantifying relevant natural history variation across large numbers of species and coupling these data with extrinsic factors such as habitat fragmentation and availability. C1 [Angert, Amy L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Angert, Amy L.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Crozier, Lisa G.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Rissler, Leslie J.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Gilman, Sarah E.] Claremont Mckenna Coll, Joint Sci Dept, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Tewksbury, Josh J.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Chunco, Amanda J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Angert, AL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM amy.angert@colostate.edu RI Crozier, Lisa/E-2248-2012; OI Angert, Amy/0000-0003-3082-0133 NR 99 TC 173 Z9 174 U1 22 U2 298 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 14 IS 7 BP 677 EP 689 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01620.x PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 794AF UT WOS:000292865200007 PM 21535340 ER PT J AU Hannah, RW Jones, SA Lomeli, MJM Wakefield, WW AF Hannah, Robert W. Jones, Stephen A. Lomeli, Mark J. M. Wakefield, W. Waldo TI Trawl net modifications to reduce the bycatch of eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus) in the ocean shrimp (Pandalus jordani) fishery SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bycatch reduction devices; Nordmore grate; Ocean shrimp; Shrimp trawl; Eulachon; Fish behavior; Trawl footrope ID CATCH AB Two trawl gear modifications for reducing fish bycatch (weight) in ocean shrimp (Pandalus jordani) trawls were tested in June and August September 2010. The primary focus of the study was evaluating trawl system modifications for reducing bycatch of eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus) below levels already achieved via mandatory use of bycatch reduction devices (BRDs). An experimental footrope, modified by removing the central one third of the trawl groundline, reduced eulachon bycatch by 33.9%. It also reduced bycatch of slender sole (Lyopsetta exilis), other small flatfishes and juvenile darkblotched rockfish (Sebastes crameri) by 80% or more, but had no effect on bycatch of whitebait smelt (Allosmerus elongatus) or Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii). The experimental groundline also reduced the catch of ocean shrimp (weight) by 22.2% in hauls yielding commercial quantities of shrimp (>194 kg/haul) and by 23.2% in all hauls. Reducing bar spacing in a rigid-grate BRD from 25.4 mm to 19.1 mm reduced eulachon bycatch by 16.6%, with no reduction in ocean shrimp catch. It also reduced bycatch of slender sole, other small flatfish and juvenile darkblotched rockfish by 36.8%, 71.8% and 76.3%, respectively with no effect on bycatch of whitebait smelt or young-of-the-year (YOY) Pacific hake (Merluccius productus). Although both trawl modifications reduced eulachon bycatch, the footrope modification tested, if developed further, has the potential to also avoid trawl entrainment for some demersal fishes, as well as reduce bottom impacts from trawling. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hannah, Robert W.; Jones, Stephen A.] Marine Resources Program, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Lomeli, Mark J. M.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Wakefield, W. Waldo] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Hannah, RW (reprint author), Marine Resources Program, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, 2040 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM bob.w.hannah@state.or.us FU NOAA FX The owners and operators of the fishing vessels Miss Yvonne and Kylie Lynn provided technical expertise and served as sampling platforms for bycatch reduction studies. The Oregon shrimp fleet provided data on BRD use via fishery logbooks. Funding for these studies was provided, in part, by NOAA Fisheries Bycatch Reduction Engineering Program (BREP). NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 110 IS 2 BP 277 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.04.016 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 795AI UT WOS:000292943500007 ER PT J AU Dick, EJ MacCall, AD AF Dick, E. J. MacCall, Alec D. TI Depletion-Based Stock Reduction Analysis: A catch-based method for determining sustainable yields for data-poor fish stocks SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Stochastic stock reduction analysis; Data-poor stock assessment; Monte Carlo methods; Depletion-Corrected Average Catch ID WEST-COAST; MANAGEMENT AB We describe a method for determining reasonable yield and management reference points for data-poor fisheries in cases where approximate catches are known from the beginning of exploitation. The method, called Depletion-Based Stock Reduction Analysis (DB-SRA), merges stochastic Stock-Reduction Analysis with Depletion-Corrected Average Catch. Data requirements include estimates of historical annual catches, approximate natural mortality rate and age at maturity. A production function is specified based on general fishery knowledge of the relative location of maximum productivity and the relationship of MSY fishing rate to the natural mortality rate. This leaves unfished biomass as the only unknown parameter, which can be estimated given a designated relative depletion level near the end of the time series. The method produces probability distributions of management reference points concerning yield and biomass. Uncertainties in natural mortality, stock dynamics, optimal harvest rates, and recent stock status are incorporated using Monte Carlo exploration. Comparison of model outputs to data-rich stock assessments suggests that the method is effective for estimating sustainable yields for data-poor stocks. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dick, E. J.; MacCall, Alec D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Dick, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM Edward.Dick@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 110 IS 2 BP 331 EP 341 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.05.007 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 795AI UT WOS:000292943500014 ER PT J AU Wetzel, CR Punt, AE AF Wetzel, Chantell R. Punt, Andre E. TI Model performance for the determination of appropriate harvest levels in the case of data-poor stocks SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Data-poor; Data-limited; US west coast; Groundfish; Depletion-Based Stock Reduction Analysis; Depletion Corrected Average Catch; Simulation; Stock Synthesis ID REDUCTION ANALYSIS; MANAGEMENT; METAANALYSIS AB The determination of harvest limits for data-poor and data-limited stocks poses unique challenges for traditional complex stock assessment methods. Simulation is used to examine the performance of two new data-poor assessment methods, Depletion Corrected Average Catch (DCAC) and Depletion-Based Stock Reduction Analysis (DB-SRA), and a more complex catch-at-age method, Stock Synthesis (SS), in terms of estimating harvest levels for two life-history types (U.S. west coast flatfish and rockfish) under varying mis-specifications of parameter distributions. DCAC and DB-SRA are fairly robust to mis-specification of the distributions for natural mortality and the productivity parameter (the fishing mortality rate that corresponds to maximum sustainable yield relative to natural mortality) for the flatfish life-history, but led to greater error for the rockfish life-history when estimating harvest levels that would not result in overfishing. SS estimates of the harvest level increased when natural mortality was set to a higher value than the true value for both life-histories. Both DCAC and DB-SRA were highly sensitive to the assumed distribution for the ratio of the current to starting biomass and provided overestimates of the harvest level when based on an overly optimistic value for this ratio. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wetzel, Chantell R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Wetzel, Chantell R.; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wetzel, CR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Chantell.Wetzel@noaa.gov OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 110 IS 2 BP 342 EP 355 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.04.024 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 795AI UT WOS:000292943500015 ER PT J AU Wallis, TM Gu, DZ Imtiaz, A Smith, CS Chiang, CJ Kabos, P Blanchard, PT Sanford, NA Bertness, KA AF Wallis, T. Mitch Gu, Dazhen Imtiaz, Atif Smith, Christopher S. Chiang, Chin-Jen Kabos, Pavel Blanchard, Paul T. Sanford, Norman A. Bertness, Kris A. TI Electrical Characterization of Photoconductive GaN Nanowires from 50 MHz to 33 GHz SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microwave measurements; nanotechnology; nanowires; photoconductivity; semiconductor devices ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; CARBON NANOTUBES; TRANSPORT; CIRCUIT; GROWTH AB The electrical response of two-port photoconductive GaN nanowire devices was measured from 50 MHz to 33 GHz. The admittance of the nanowire devices showed an increase on the order of 10% throughout the measured frequency range after exposure to steady ultraviolet illumination. Two different two-port microwave network models were used to extract microwave circuit parameters in the photoconductive and dark states. After illumination, the GaN nanowire devices showed a measurable increase in shunt capacitance and decreases in both the contact and nanowire resistances. C1 [Wallis, T. Mitch; Gu, Dazhen; Imtiaz, Atif; Smith, Christopher S.; Chiang, Chin-Jen; Kabos, Pavel; Blanchard, Paul T.; Sanford, Norman A.; Bertness, Kris A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wallis, TM (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mwallis@boulder.nist.gov; dazhen.gu@nist.gov; atif.imtiaz@nist.gov; cssmith@lamar.colostate.edu; chinjen_chiang@yahoo.com.tw; kabos@boulder.nist.gov; paul.blanchard@nist.gov; sanford@boulder.nist.gov; bertness@boulder.nist.gov RI Gu, Dazhen/B-4854-2012 FU DARPAN/MEMS [HR0011-06-1-0048] FX This work was supported in part by the DARPA Center on Nanoscale Science and Technology for Integrated Micro-/Nano-Electricomechanical Transducers (iMINT) funded by DARPAN/MEMS S&T Fundamentals Program under Grant HR0011-06-1-0048. The review of this paper was arranged by Associate Editor G. Ramanath. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-125X J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 10 IS 4 BP 832 EP 838 DI 10.1109/TNANO.2010.2084588 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 795HX UT WOS:000292966400027 ER PT J AU Tadmor, EB Elliott, RS Sethna, JP Miller, RE Becker, CA AF Tadmor, E. B. Elliott, R. S. Sethna, J. P. Miller, R. E. Becker, C. A. TI The potential of atomistic simulations and the knowledgebase of interatomic models SO JOM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Tadmor, E. B.; Elliott, R. S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Sethna, J. P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Miller, R. E.] Carleton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Becker, C. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tadmor, EB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM tadmor@aem.umn.edu RI Miller, Ronald/E-5328-2011; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 OI Miller, Ronald/0000-0002-6392-4257; NR 0 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JUL PY 2011 VL 63 IS 7 BP 17 EP 17 DI 10.1007/s11837-011-0102-6 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 794IE UT WOS:000292887900003 ER PT J AU Outcalt, SL Fortin, TJ AF Outcalt, Stephanie L. Fortin, Tara J. TI Density and Speed of Sound Measurements of Two Synthetic Aviation Turbine Fuels SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID DISTILLATION CURVE; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; S-8; JET AB Rising costs and the uncertain supply of petroleum-derived aviation fuels have led to an interest in substitute fuels made from nonpetroleum sources. Synthetic isoparaffinic kerosenes (SPKs) are among the most promising alternatives. Two instruments were used to measure the density and speed of sound of two synthetic aviation fuels, one derived from natural gas and one from coal. In one instrument, measurements of density and speed of sound were carried out at ambient pressure (0.083 MPa) from (278.15 to 343.15) K The second instrument was used to make density measurements of the compressed liquids from (270 to 470) K with pressures up to 50 MPa. The density measurements are correlated within 0.1 % with a modified Tait equation, and adiabatic compressibilities are derived from the density and speed of sound data at ambient pressure. Data reported here are compared to previously reported data for another synthetic aviation fuel, S-8, as well as two petroleum-derived aviation fuels. C1 [Outcalt, Stephanie L.; Fortin, Tara J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab Thermophys Properties Div, Expt Properties Fluids Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Outcalt, SL (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab Thermophys Properties Div, Expt Properties Fluids Grp, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM out-calt@boulder.nist.gov FU Air Force Research Laboratory [MIPR F4FBEY5102G001]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [MIPR FIATA06004G004] FX We acknowledge the financial support of the Air Force Research Laboratory (MIPR F4FBEY5102G001) and of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (MIPR FIATA06004G004). NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD JUL PY 2011 VL 56 IS 7 BP 3201 EP 3207 DI 10.1021/je200284q PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 794JY UT WOS:000292893600031 ER PT J AU Richter, M McLinden, MO Lemmon, EW AF Richter, Markus McLinden, Mark O. Lemmon, Eric W. TI Thermodynamic Properties of 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234yf): Vapor Pressure and p-rho-T Measurements and an Equation of State SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID DENSIMETERS; HFO-1234YF; KINETICS; FLUIDS; PHASE AB The p-rho-T behavior of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234yf) was measured from T = (232 to 400) K with pressures up to 10 MPa using a two-sinker densimeter. The measurements extend from low-density vapor to compressed-liquid states, and include the extended critical region. Vapor pressures from T = (250 to 366) K were also measured. The expanded (k = 2) uncertainty in density is (56.10(-6). rho + 0.0014 kg.m(-3)) at near-ambient conditions, increasing to (99.10(-6). rho + 0.0014 kg.m(-3)) at T = 400 K and p = 10 MPa. The maximum uncertainties in temperature and pressure are 0.004 K and (51.10(-6). p + 2.0 kPa), respectively. The analysis for density accounts for the force transmission error in the magnetic suspension coupling of the densimeter and includes corrections for vertical density gradients in the measuring cell. These data, together with other data from the literature, have been used to develop an equation of state explicit in the Helmholtz energy covering the fluid region from T = (220 to 410) K with pressures up to 30 MPa. Comparisons to experimental data, including other literature data, are given to establish the accuracy of the equation of state. C1 [Richter, Markus; McLinden, Mark O.; Lemmon, Eric W.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP McLinden, MO (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway,Mailstop 838-07, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM markm@boulder.nist.gov OI Richter, Markus/0000-0001-8120-5646 NR 25 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD JUL PY 2011 VL 56 IS 7 BP 3254 EP 3264 DI 10.1021/je200369m PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 794JY UT WOS:000292893600038 ER PT J AU Brunelle, SA Van Dolah, FM AF Brunelle, Stephanie A. Van Dolah, Frances M. TI Post-transcriptional Regulation of S-Phase Genes in the Dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cell cycle; dinoflagellate; Karenia brevis; PCNA; post-transcriptional regulation; S-phase ID RED-TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE; CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; AMPHIDINIUM-CARTERAE; CIRCADIAN REGULATION; GONYAULAX-POLYEDRA; SUMO MODIFICATION; CYCLE REGULATION; PROTEIN; DNA AB Karenia brevis is a toxic dinoflagellate responsible for red tides in the Gulf of Mexico. The molecular mechanisms controlling its cell cycle are important to bloom formation because blooms develop through vegetative cell division. This study identifies a suite of conserved S-phase genes in K. brevis-proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA), ribonucleotide reductase 2, replication factor C, and replication protein A-and characterizes their expression at the mRNA and protein level over the cell cycle. In higher eukaryotes, the expression of these genes is controlled by transcription, activated at S-phase entry by the E2F transcription factor, which ensures their timely availability for DNA synthesis. In the dinoflagellate, these transcripts possess a 5'-transspliced leader sequence, which suggests they may be under post-transcriptional control as demonstrated in trypanosomes. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), we confirmed that their transcript levels are unchanged over the cell cycle. However, their proteins are maximally expressed during S-phase. This suggests their cell-cycle-dependent expression may be achieved at the level of translation and/or stability. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen further undergoes an increase in size of similar to 9 kDa that dominates during S-phase. This coincides with a change in its distribution, with prominent staining of chromatin-bound PCNA occurring during S-phase. We hypothesize that the change in the observed size of PCNA is due to post-translational modification. Together, these studies demonstrate post-transcriptional regulation of S-phase genes in K. brevis. Differential expression of these S-phase proteins may be useful in the development of biomarkers to assess bloom growth status in the field. C1 [Brunelle, Stephanie A.; Van Dolah, Frances M.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Bio Mol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Brunelle, Stephanie A.; Van Dolah, Frances M.] Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Van Dolah, FM (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Bio Mol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM fran.vandolah@noaa.gov NR 52 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 58 IS 4 BP 373 EP 382 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2011.00560.x PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 793OE UT WOS:000292832200011 PM 21569164 ER PT J AU Karpanty, SM Cohen, J Fraser, JD Berkson, J AF Karpanty, Sarah M. Cohen, Jonathan Fraser, James D. Berkson, Jim TI Sufficiency of Horseshoe Crab Eggs for Red Knots During Spring Migration Stopover in Delaware Bay USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Calidris canutus; conservation; Delaware Bay; horseshoe crab; Limulus polyphemus; migration; prey depletion; red knots; shorebirds; stopover ID LIMULUS-POLYPHEMUS; SHOREBIRD PREDATION; CALIDRIS-CANUTUS; ATLANTIC COAST; STAGING SITE; BEHAVIOR; PREY; DEPLETION; DENSITY; ARRIVAL AB Horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) eggs are a dietary staple of the red knot (Calidris canulus) during its spring stopover on the Delaware Bay. Numbers of knots stopping in Delaware Bay declined in the 1990s concurrent with a decline in horseshoe crabs, leading to the hypothesis that reduced horseshoe crab egg abundance limited the red knot population. Management efforts, including a seasonal harvest moratorium in the Delaware Bay, have been instituted to restore crab populations to levels of sustainable use by multiple users, including migratory birds. Our objective was to evaluate the sufficiency of horseshoe crab eggs in Delaware Bay in May-June 2004 and 2005 for knots to refuel for their migratory flight to the Arctic breeding grounds. We examined egg counts to determine if there were fewer high egg-density sites later than earlier in the day and season, as migrating birds might deplete this resource. We studied foraging rates at red knot locations to determine if foraging probes increased with time of day and season as birds depleted surface eggs by pecking, then began probing for subsurface eggs. Finally, we experimentally tested whether red knots and their competitors depleted horseshoe crab eggs. Crab egg numbers at knot foraging sites did not decline throughout the day or season in 2004. In both years, we found no evidence that knots switched from pecking to probing with increases in time since sunrise or start of the stopover. Egg numbers were similar in exclosed and accessible plots on crab nesting depressions and in areas of open intertidal zone, but were significantly lower in accessible than in exclosed plots in the wrack line. Our results indicate that horseshoe crab eggs in Delaware Bay were sufficient to support the refueling of the present-day stopover population of red knots. If an increase in the availability of crab eggs to foraging birds does not result in an increase in knot numbers, managers must prioritize mitigation of limiting factors at other historically important spring stopovers and on the poorly understood breeding and wintering grounds in addition to the Delaware Bay. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Karpanty, Sarah M.; Cohen, Jonathan; Fraser, James D.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Berkson, Jim] Virginia Tech, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv RTR Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Karpanty, SM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 150 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM karpanty@vt.edu FU National Marine Fisheries Service FX The National Marine Fisheries Service funded our study. Discussions and collaborations with K. Bennett, D. Carter, K. Clark, N. Clark, K. Cole, A. Dey, S. Gillings, B. Harrington, K. Kalasz, S. Michels, R. Miller, C. Minton, G. Moore, L. Niles, K. Reynolds, H. Sitters, D. Smith, and R. Weber improved our work. We thank P. Atkinson for a constructive review of this manuscript. We thank all volunteers in New Jersey and Delaware who assisted in capture of red knots. We also thank N. Avissar, C. Olfenbuttel, J. Bercume, J. Trivett, M. Davis, D. Hata, S. Melvin, and C. Hitchens for valuable assistance. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 75 IS 5 BP 984 EP 994 DI 10.1002/jwmg.129 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 794BZ UT WOS:000292871600002 ER PT J AU Bradford, AL Weller, DW Burdin, AM Brownell, RL AF Bradford, Amanda L. Weller, David W. Burdin, Alexander M. Brownell, Robert L., Jr. TI Using barnacle and pigmentation characteristics to identify gray whale calves on their feeding grounds SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ESCHRICHTIUS-ROBUSTUS; ISLAND C1 [Bradford, Amanda L.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Weller, David W.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Burdin, Alexander M.] Russian Acad Sci, Kamchatka Branch, Pacific Inst Geog, Far E Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683024, Russia. [Burdin, Alexander M.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Brownell, Robert L., Jr.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Bradford, AL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, POB 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM alb992@u.washington.edu FU Alaska SeaLife Center, Exxon Neftegas Limited; International Fund for Animal Welfare; International Whaling Commission; U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; Texas A&M University at Galveston; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service; Ocean Park Conservation Foundation; Sakhalin Energy Investment Company; School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX We thank the many individuals who have provided field assistance to the Russia-U.S. western gray whale research project over the years, especially: S. Blokhin, Y. Ivashchenko, H. W. Kim, A. Lang, S. Rickards, and G. Tsidulko. Research support and funding were provided (in alphabetical order) by Alaska SeaLife Center, Exxon Neftegas Limited, the International Fund for Animal Welfare, the International Whaling Commission, the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission, the Marine Mammal Research Program at Texas A&M University at Galveston, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service, Ocean Park Conservation Foundation, Sakhalin Energy Investment Company, the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The project was conducted as part of the Marine Mammal Project under Area V: Protection of Nature and the Organization of Reserves within the U.S.-Russia Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Environmental Protection. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 27 IS 3 BP 644 EP 651 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00413.x PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 793LU UT WOS:000292825200018 ER PT J AU Kreb, D Perrin, WF Hart, P Guclusoy, H Van Waerebeek, K AF Kreb, Danielle Perrin, William F. Hart, Pieter't Guclusoy, Harun Van Waerebeek, Koen TI PETER JOHANNES HENDRIKUS VAN BREE 1927-2011 Memories SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Kreb, Danielle] Conservat Fdn Rare Aquat Species Indonesia, Samarinda 75124, Kalimantan Timu, Indonesia. [Perrin, William F.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. [Hart, Pieter't] Seal Rehabil & Res Ctr, NL-9968 AG Pieterburen, Netherlands. [Guclusoy, Harun] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Inst Marine Sci & Technol, TR-35340 Izmir, Turkey. [Van Waerebeek, Koen] CEPEC Museo Delfines, Lima 20, Peru. RP Kreb, D (reprint author), Conservat Fdn Rare Aquat Species Indonesia, POB 1105, Samarinda 75124, Kalimantan Timu, Indonesia. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 27 IS 3 BP 665 EP 670 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00492.x PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 793LU UT WOS:000292825200021 ER PT J AU Franklin, T Franklin, W Brooks, L Harrison, P Baverstock, P Clapham, P AF Franklin, Trish Franklin, Wally Brooks, Lyndon Harrison, Peter Baverstock, Peter Clapham, Phillip TI Seasonal changes in pod characteristics of eastern Australian humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), Hervey Bay 1992-2005 SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE humpback whale; Megaptera novaeangliae; Hervey Bay; Australia; social behavior; pod size; pod composition ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; WINTERING GROUNDS; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; HABITAT; QUEENSLAND; MOVEMENTS; BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; COAST; CALF AB We investigated the characteristics and composition of 4,506 humpback whale pods observed in Hervey Bay between 1992 and 2005. We use these data to analyze and model the variability of pod size and composition, and to assess the importance of Hervey Bay for particular classes of humpback whales. Pods ranged in size from one to nine individuals. Pairs were the most frequent pod type (1,344, 29.8%), followed by mother-calf alone (1,249, 27.7%), trios (759, 16.8%), singletons (717, 15.9%), and 4+ whales (437, 9.7%). Of the 4,506 pods, calves were present in 40%, and 10.8% of all pods had one or more escorts present. Of the 1,804 pods observed with calves present, 1,251 (69.4%) were mothers alone with their calves. The size and composition of pods in the study area varied significantly as the season progressed. Pods with calves present were rarely recorded early in the season but dominated later in the season. A significant increase over years in larger groups may be related to social and behavioral changes as the population expands. The data indicate that Hervey Bay is important to immature males and females early in the season, to mature males and females in mid-season, and to mother-calf pairs (either alone or with escorts) in mid-to-late season. C1 [Franklin, Trish; Franklin, Wally] Oceania Project, Byron Bay, NSW 2481, Australia. [Franklin, Trish; Franklin, Wally; Brooks, Lyndon; Harrison, Peter; Baverstock, Peter; Clapham, Phillip] So Cross Univ, Whale Res Ctr, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia. [Clapham, Phillip] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, US Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Franklin, T (reprint author), Oceania Project, POB 646, Byron Bay, NSW 2481, Australia. EM trish.franklin@oceania.org.au OI Harrison, Peter/0000-0002-4048-2409 FU The Oceania Project; Australian Research Council; Southern Cross University Whale Research Centre; International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW); The Oceania Project's Internship program FX The long-term study of humpbacks in Hervey Bay being conducted by Trish and Wally Franklin is supported by The Oceania Project and in part by an Australian Research Council Linkage grant with the Southern Cross University Whale Research Centre and the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW). Research undertaken in Hervey Bay was conducted under research permits issued by the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service (permit numbers MP2006/020 and WISP03749806). We thank Dr. Tim Stevens for assistance in the implementation of the long-term study in Hervey Bay. We also thank participants in The Oceania Project's Internship program for their financial contribution and assistance to the study. Thanks to Greg Luker and Margaret Rolfe, Southern Cross University for assistance with figures. Finally, we acknowledge the three anonymous reviewers whose comments contributed to the manuscript. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 27 IS 3 BP E134 EP E152 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00430.x PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 793LU UT WOS:000292825200001 ER PT J AU Stewart, KR Keller, JM Templeton, R Kucklick, JR Johnson, C AF Stewart, Kelly R. Keller, Jennifer M. Templeton, Ryan Kucklick, John R. Johnson, Chris TI Monitoring persistent organic pollutants in leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) confirms maternal transfer SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Leatherback; Contaminants; Blood; Fat; Maternal transfer; PBDE; OCP ID LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; CARETTA-CARETTA; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SNAPPING TURTLES; FLAME RETARDANTS; MARINE TURTLES; FRENCH-GUIANA; BLOOD AB To assess threats to endangered species, it is critical to establish baselines for contaminant concentrations that may have detrimental consequences to individuals or populations. We measured contaminants in blubber and fat from dead leatherback turtles and established baselines in blood and eggs in nesting turtles. In fat, blubber, blood and eggs, the predominant PCBs were 153 + 132, 187 + 182, 138 + 163, 118, and 180 + 193. Total PCBs, 4,4'-DDE, total PBDEs and total chlordanes were significantly and positively correlated between blood and eggs, suggesting maternal transfer. Significant positive relationships also existed between fat and blubber in stranded leatherbacks. Less lipophilic PCBs appeared to more readily transfer from females to their eggs. PBDE profiles in the four tissues were similar to other wildlife populations but different from some turtle studies. Concentrations were lower than those shown to have acute toxic effects in other aquatic reptiles, but may have sub-lethal effects on hatchling body condition and health. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stewart, Kelly R.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Stewart, Kelly R.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Ctr Marine Conservat, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Keller, Jennifer M.; Kucklick, John R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Templeton, Ryan] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Johnson, Chris] Loggerhead Marinelife Ctr, Juno Beach, FL 33408 USA. RP Stewart, KR (reprint author), NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 3333 N Torrey Pines Ct, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM kelly.stewart@noaa.gov FU Oak Foundation; Duke University Marine Lab; Florida Marine Turtle Grants Program; MacArthur Beach State Park; National Science Foundation [DBI-0552828]; Department of Defense FX For assistance with blubber and fat sample collection, we'd like to thank R. Boettcher, J. Wyneken, S. Clusella, W. Cluse, M. Godfrey, S. Murphy, T. Murphy, and S. Johnson. Sampling in North Carolina was conducted under Duke University IACUC protocols A299-98-7, A351-99-07-3, A351-99-7-2, and A206-01-07, NC Wildlife Resources Commission Permit #s 99ST70, 01ST45, 02ST57, and under US Fish and Wildlife Service Permit #s PRT-676379 and TE-676379-2. Field work and sample collection in Florida was conducted under Marine Turtle Permits #077 and #157 (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission). For training in blood sampling, we thank K. Frutchey; as well as S. Phelan and N. Desjardin for assistance with nesting turtles. Thanks to D. Sobel (Sea Turtle Conservation League of Singer Island) for collecting unhatched eggs. Funding and in-kind support for field work was provided by the Oak Foundation, Duke University Marine Lab, Florida Marine Turtle Grants Program, MacArthur Beach State Park, A. Simler and B. Geyer. Additionally, this paper was based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Award DBI-0552828 and the Department of Defense ASSURE Program. We'd like to thank R. Day, N. Kellar, D. Weller and W. Perrin for their critical reviews of a previous draft of this manuscript as well as the anonymous reviewers for their excellent comments that improved the quality of our manuscript. NR 62 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 62 IS 7 BP 1396 EP 1409 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.04.042 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 795BS UT WOS:000292947100017 PM 21612801 ER PT J AU Agrawal, A Susut, C Stafford, G Bertocci, U McMorran, B Lezec, HJ Talin, AA AF Agrawal, Amit Susut, Ceren Stafford, Gery Bertocci, Ugo McMorran, Benjamin Lezec, Henri J. Talin, A. Alec TI An Integrated Electrochromic Nanoplasmonic Optical Switch SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Plasmonics; electrochromic; optical switch; nanoslit; electrochemical deposition ID PRUSSIAN-BLUE; FERRICYANIDE SOLUTION; HOLE ARRAYS; FILMS; TRANSMISSION; MODULATION; ELECTRODES AB We demonstrate an electrochemically driven optical switch based on absorption modulation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) propagating in a metallic nanoslit waveguide containing nanocrystals of electrochromic Prussian Blue dye. Optical transmission modulation of similar to 96% is achieved by electrochemically switching the dye between its oxidized and reduced states using voltages below I V. High spatial overlap and long interaction length between the SPP and the active material are achieved by preferential growth of PB nanocrystals on the nanoslit sidewalls. The resulting orthogonalization between the directions of light propagation and that of charge transport from the electrolyte to ultrathin active material inside the nanoslit waveguide offers significant promise for the realization of electrochromic devices with record switching speeds. C1 [Agrawal, Amit; Susut, Ceren; McMorran, Benjamin; Lezec, Henri J.; Talin, A. Alec] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Agrawal, Amit] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stafford, Gery; Bertocci, Ugo] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lezec, HJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hlezec@nist.gov; atalin@nist.gov RI Agrawal, Amit/C-3728-2009; McMorran, Benjamin/G-9954-2016 OI Agrawal, Amit/0000-0001-8230-4603; McMorran, Benjamin/0000-0001-7207-1076 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 63 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 11 IS 7 BP 2774 EP 2778 DI 10.1021/nl201064x PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 793UM UT WOS:000292849400036 PM 21612218 ER PT J AU Lee, D Byun, DW Kim, H Ngan, F Kim, S Lee, C Cho, C AF Lee, Daegyun Byun, Daewon W. Kim, Hyuncheol Ngan, Fong Kim, Soontae Lee, Chongbum Cho, Changrae TI Improved CMAQ predictions of particulate matter utilizing the satellite-derived aerosol optical depth SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Particulate matter simulation; Aerosol simulation; Aerosol optical depth; Initial conditions; CMAQ; MODIS AOD ID AIR-QUALITY; MODEL; SYSTEM; PERFORMANCE; EXTINCTION AB Regional air quality models such as the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model have been widely used to study and simulate multi-scale air quality issues. Although they are capable of providing high quality atmospheric chemistry profiles through the utilization of high resolution inputs relating meteorology and emissions with chemical reactions, they cannot simulate air quality accurately if other input data are not appropriate and reliable. There have been few studies on the importance of chemical initial conditions (ICs) as it is considered that the impact of concentration fields specified at the beginning of simulation wears off quickly. This paper demonstrates that the significant errors during the early part of the simulation can damage model predictions and conversely if the ICs are prescribed appropriately with available observations, they can compensate for the shortcomings of the air quality prediction system especially when the episode-based emissions inputs representing real-life emission variations such as forest fires as well as the effects of long-range transport events that are not reflected in the basic model inputs. The key hypothesis of the present study is that prediction of aerosols can be improved by the initialization of the aerosol fields with the satellite-derived Aerosol Optical Depth (ADD). We compare the effects of using fine mode and total AOD for the initialization in terms of regional bias characteristics. We found that the impacts of two-step initial conditions adjustments could be substantial in the case of aerosol events such as wildfires, which the present modeling system does not consider during simulation due to the deficiency in the emission inputs. The total AOD case helped to refine PM(2.5) predictions over the northwestern area, where wildfire events occurred, for the fire event days improving the correlation coefficient significantly from 0.12 to 0.67. CMAQ predicted PM(2.5) concentrations in the fine mode case decreased by 10-50 mu g/m(3) in large areas of the northwestern region, resulting in more realistic PM(2.5) predictions with reduced unusual high peak cells. This study suggest that the use of initial conditions adjusted by total or fine mode AOD can help to improve PM(2.5) simulations, even though further refinements of the vertical distribution of aerosols are critically needed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Daegyun] Natl Inst Environm Res, Inchon 404708, South Korea. [Byun, Daewon W.; Kim, Hyuncheol; Ngan, Fong] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kim, Soontae] Ajou Univ, Suwon 441749, South Korea. [Lee, Chongbum; Cho, Changrae] Kangwon Notl Univ, Chunchon, South Korea. RP Lee, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Res, Inchon 404708, South Korea. EM hileedg@korea.kr RI Ngan, Fong/G-1324-2012; Kim, Hyun/G-1315-2012 OI Ngan, Fong/0000-0002-7263-7727; Kim, Hyun/0000-0003-3968-6145 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 45 IS 22 BP 3730 EP 3741 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.04.018 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 788HP UT WOS:000292436300010 ER PT J AU Shen, XY Zhang, N Li, XF AF Shen, Xinyong Zhang, Nan Li, Xiaofan TI Effects of large-scale forcing and ice clouds on pre-summer heavy rainfall over southern China in June 2008: A partitioning analysis based on surface rainfall budget SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Partitioning analysis; Large-scale forcing; Ice clouds; Rainfall; Surface rainfall budget ID DEEP CONVECTIVE REGIME; TROPICAL SQUALL-LINE; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; RADIATION INTERACTION; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; CUMULUS CONVECTION; EQUILIBRIUM STATES; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; MICROPHYSICS; PARAMETERIZATION AB The effects of large-scale forcing and ice clouds on rainfall are studied by analyzing a series of sensitivity experiments of a pre-summer heavy rainfall event over southern China from 3 to 8 June 2008. The analysis is conducted categorizing grid-scale rainfall simulation data into eight rainfall types based on different rainfall processes. The rainfall with water vapor divergence and local atmospheric drying and hydrometeor loss/convergence (TfM) has the largest contribution to total rainfall during the development of rainfall when the imposed large-scale forcing produces water vapor convergence. TfM and the rainfall with water vapor convergence and local atmospheric moistening and hydrometeor loss/convergence (tFM) have the largest contributors to total rainfall during the decay phase when the imposed large-scale forcing generates water vapor divergence. TfM becomes the largest contributor during the decay phase when the exclusion of ice clouds decreases tFM and increases TfM. The removal of ice clouds enhances the contribution of the rainfall with water vapor convergence to total rainfall during the life span of the rainfall event. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shen, Xinyong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Atmospher Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Shen, XY (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Atmospher Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM sxydr@126.com RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 FU National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China [2011CB403405]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41075039]; Chinese Special Scientific Research Project for Public Interest [GYHY200806009]; Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China [2009] FX The authors thank Dr. W.-K. Tao at NASA/GSFC for his cloud-resolving model. This study is supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China under Grant No. 2011CB403405, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 41075039, the Chinese Special Scientific Research Project for Public Interest under Grant No. GYHY200806009, and the Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China under Grant No. 2009. NR 46 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 101 IS 1-2 BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.02.001 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 790WD UT WOS:000292620500013 ER PT J AU Seminoff, JA Rhodin, AGJ AF Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Rhodin, Anders G. J. TI The 10th Volume of Chelonian Conservation and Biology: Celebrating the Past and Looking to the Future SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Rhodin, Anders G. J.] Chelonian Res Fdn, Lunenburg, MA 01462 USA. RP Seminoff, JA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, 3333 N Torrey Pines Ct, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Jeffrey.seminoff@noaa.gov; RhodinCRF@aol.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 10 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 791BP UT WOS:000292635400001 ER PT J AU Morton, SL Shuler, A Paternoster, J Fanolua, S Vargo, D AF Morton, Steve L. Shuler, Andrew Paternoster, Jeff Fanolua, Sharon Vargo, Don TI Coastal eutrophication, land use changes and Ceratium furca (Dinophyceae) blooms in Pago Pago Harbor, American Samoa 2007-2009 SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF OCEANOLOGY AND LIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eutrophication; American Samoa; Ceratium furca ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; RED TIDE; CONSEQUENCES; GROWTH; JAPAN AB The bloom forming dinoflagellate, Ceratium furca, has been linked with coastal eutrophication worldwide in tropical and subtropical locations. During the summer of 2007, an unusual 6-month long bloom of C. furca was observed in Pago Pago Harbor, Tutuila Island, American Samoa. Incidents of dinoflagellate blooms in this area have not been previously reported. The bloom was first reported in May and dissipated in November 2007. In February-March 2009, a similar C. furca bloom was observed. During both blooms, no fish mortality events were reported. Maximum cell counts were observed on September 20, 2007 at 9 200 cell/mL. At this time, total nitrogen was measured at 1.2 mg/L while total phosphate was below detection limits. Changes in land use practices may have been the primary driver of these blooms. Intense fertilization of athletic fields coupled with ineffective management strategies is hypothesized to have a direct link to the increase in nutrients found in the Pago Pago Harbor and may have been the trigger for the initialization of these blooms. During 2008, the fields were not used due to an infestation of the fire ant, Solenopsis geminata. Once controlled, the fields were opened again in 2009 and fertilizers were applied in January, a month before the bloom was observed. C1 [Morton, Steve L.; Shuler, Andrew; Paternoster, Jeff] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Fanolua, Sharon; Vargo, Don] Amer Samoa Community Coll, Pago Pago, AS 96799 USA. RP Morton, SL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM steve.morton@noaa.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) [CRIS 0185945]; NOAA FX Supported partially by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Grant (No. CRIS 0185945), USDA Region 9 Water Quality Coordination Grant (to DV), and NOAA Base Funds (SM) NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING, 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-4059 EI 1993-5005 J9 CHIN J OCEANOL LIMN JI Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 29 IS 4 BP 790 EP 794 DI 10.1007/s00343-011-0507-7 PG 5 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 789ZQ UT WOS:000292558700007 ER PT J AU Tomlinson, MJ Gergel, SE Beechie, TJ McClure, MM AF Tomlinson, Matthew J. Gergel, Sarah E. Beechie, Timothy J. McClure, Michelle M. TI Long-term changes in river-floodplain dynamics: implications for salmonid habitat in the Interior Columbia Basin, USA SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE change detection; channel change; fish habitat; historical aerial photographs; Interior Columbia Basin, Washington (USA); island braided; land cover; landscape indicators; meandering; reach classification; salmonids ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; LAND SURVEY RECORDS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; LANDSCAPE INDICATORS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; WISCONSIN RIVER; PACIFIC SALMON; STREAM; RESTORATION AB Rivers and their associated floodplains are among the world's most highly altered ecosystems, resulting in billions of dollars in restoration expenditures. Successful restoration of these systems requires information at multiple spatial scales (from localized reaches to broader-scale watersheds), as well as information spanning long time frames. Here, we develop a suite of historical landscape indicators of riverine status, primarily from the perspective of salmonid management, using a case study in the Interior Columbia Basin, Washington, USA. We use a combination of historical and modern aerial photography to quantify changes in land cover and reach type, as well as potential fish habitat within channel and off-channel floodplain areas. As of 1949,; 55% of the Wenatchee River floodplain had been converted to agriculture. By 2006, 62% had been modified by anthropogenic development, of which 20% was due to urban expansion. The historical percentage of agricultural land in the watershed and the contemporary percentage of urban area surpass thresholds in land cover associated with deleterious impacts on river systems. In addition, the abundance of reach types associated with the highest quality salmonid habitat (island braided and meandering reaches) has declined due to conversion to straight reach types. The area occupied by fish habitats associated with channel migration (slow/stagnant channels and dry channels) has declined approximately 25-30%. Along highly modified rivers, these habitats have also become increasingly fragmented. Caveats related to visual quality and seasonal timing of historical photographs were important considerations in the interpretation of changes witnessed for headwater island braided systems, as well as for floodplain ponds. Development of rigorous, long-term, multi-scale monitoring techniques is necessary to guide the management and restoration of river-floodplain systems for the diversity of ecosystem services they provide. C1 [Tomlinson, Matthew J.; Gergel, Sarah E.] Univ British Columbia, Ctr Appl Conservat Res, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Beechie, Timothy J.; McClure, Michelle M.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Gergel, SE (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Ctr Appl Conservat Res, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM sarah.gergel@ubc.ca RI McClure, Michelle/O-7853-2015 OI McClure, Michelle/0000-0003-4791-8719 FU NOAA Fisheries; Nature Trust of British Columbia; Donald McPhee Fellowship; NSERC FX We thank Collin Ankerson, Nicholas Coops, and Scott Hinch, as well as Jessica Morgan, Trevor Lantz, Shanley Thompson, and Chris Bater for their time and assistance with this work. Insightful comments from two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. Primary funding for M. J. Tomlinson was provided by NOAA Fisheries with assistance from the Nature Trust of British Columbia Bert Hoffmeister Scholarship and the Donald McPhee Fellowship. S. E. Gergel was supported by the NSERC Discovery Grants Program. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of NOAA or its constituent agencies. NR 77 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 40 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1643 EP 1658 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 792RF UT WOS:000292766100017 PM 21830708 ER PT J AU Waples, RS Do, C Chopelet, J AF Waples, Robin S. Do, Chi Chopelet, Julien TI Calculating N-e and N-e/N in age-structured populations: a hybrid Felsenstein-Hill approach SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age-structured population; effective number of breeders; Leslie matrix; overdispersed variance; overlapping generations; reproductive success; sex reversal; software ID OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS; EFFECTIVE SIZE; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; EFFECTIVE NUMBER; PROGRAM; SALMON; FECUNDITY; SURVIVAL; BREEDERS; ANIMALS AB The concept of effective population size (N-e) was developed under a discrete-generation model, but most species have overlapping generations. In the early 1970s, J. Felsenstein and W. G. Hill independently developed methods for calculating N-e in age-structured populations; the two approaches produce the same answer under certain conditions and have contrasting advantages and disadvantages. Here, we describe a hybrid approach that combines useful features of both. Like Felsenstein's model, the new method is based on age-specific survival and fertility rates and therefore can be directly applied to any species for which life table data are available. Like Hill, we relax the restrictive assumption in Felsenstein's model regarding random variance in reproductive success, which allows more general application. The basic principle underlying the new method is that age structure stratifies a population into winners and losers in the game of life: individuals that live longer have more opportunities to reproduce and therefore have a higher mean lifetime reproductive success. This creates different classes of individuals within the population, and grouping individuals by age at death provides a simple means of calculating lifetime variance in reproductive success of a newborn cohort. The new method has the following features: (1) it can accommodate unequal sex ratio and sex-specific vital rates and overdispersed variance in reproductive success; (2) it can calculate effective size in species that change sex during their lifetime; (3) it can calculate N-e and the ratio N-e/N based on various ways of defining N; (4) it allows one to explore the relationship between N-e and the effective number of breeders per year (N-b), which is a quantity that genetic estimators of contemporary N-e commonly provide information about; and (5) it is implemented in freely available software (AgeNe). C1 [Waples, Robin S.; Do, Chi] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Chopelet, Julien] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 FU Science Foundation Ireland [EEB044] FX We are indebted to Stefano Mariani for inspiration to begin this work. He, Joe Felsenstein, Bill Hill, and Friso Palstra provided useful comments on a previous draft. Contributions by J. Chopelet were supported by the Research Frontiers Programme of Science Foundation Ireland (Grant EEB044). NR 47 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 45 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2011 VL 92 IS 7 BP 1513 EP 1522 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 793IR UT WOS:000292814300015 PM 21870625 ER PT J AU Wen, YX Hong, Y Zhang, GF Schuur, TJ Gourley, JJ Flamig, Z Morris, KR Cao, Q AF Wen, Yixin Hong, Yang Zhang, Guifu Schuur, Terry J. Gourley, Jonathan J. Flamig, Zac Morris, K. Robert Cao, Qing TI Cross Validation of Spaceborne Radar and Ground Polarimetric Radar Aided by Polarimetric Echo Classification of Hydrometeor Types SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRMM PRECIPITATION RADAR; DUAL-POLARIZATION RADAR; MEASURING MISSION TRMM; CALIBRATION; SATELLITE; ALGORITHM AB Ground-based polarimetric weather radar is arguably the most powerful validation tool that provides physical insight into the development and interpretation of spaceborne weather radar algorithms and observations. This study aims to compare and resolve discrepancies in hydrometeor retrievals and reflectivity observations between the NOAA/National Severe Storm Laboratory "proof of concept" KOUN polarimetric Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) and the spaceborne precipitation radar (PR) on board NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) platform. An intercomparison of PR and KOUN melting-layer heights retrieved from 2 to 5 km MSL shows a high correlation coefficient of 0.88 with relative bias of 5.9%. A resolution volume-matching technique is used to compare simultaneous TRMM PR and KOUN reflectivity observations. The comparisons reveal an overall bias of <0.2% between PR and KOUN. The bias is hypothesized to be from non-Rayleigh scattering effects and/or errors in attenuation correction procedures applied to Ku-band PR measurements. By comparing reflectivity with respect to different hydrometeor types (as determined by KOUN's hydrometeor classification algorithm), it is found that the bias is from echoes that are classified as rain-hail mixture, wet snow, graupel, and heavy rain. These results agree with expectations from backscattering calculations at Ku and S bands, but with the notable exception of dry snow. Comparison of vertical reflectivity profiles shows that PR suffers significant attenuation at lower altitudes, especially in convective rain and in the melting layer. The attenuation correction performs very well for both stratiform and convective rain, however. In light of the imminent upgrade of the U. S. national weather radar network to include polarimetric capabilities, the findings in this study will potentially serve as the basis for nationwide validation of space-based precipitation products and also invite synergistic development of coordinated space-ground multisensor precipitation products. C1 [Wen, Yixin; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wen, Yixin; Hong, Yang; Zhang, Guifu; Cao, Qing] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Schuur, Terry J.; Gourley, Jonathan J.; Flamig, Zac] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Schuur, Terry J.; Flamig, Zac] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Morris, K. Robert] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Morris, K. Robert] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wen, YX (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; Cao, Qing/0000-0001-6660-3566 FU Atmospheric Radar Research Center (ARRC) at the University of Oklahoma; NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory; University of Oklahoma Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies FX This research was funded by Atmospheric Radar Research Center (ARRC) Seed Grant 2009 at the University of Oklahoma (http://arrc.ou.edu). We thank NASA Global Precipitation Measurement Ground Validation Science Manager Dr. Walter A. Petersen for his constructive comments and encouragement. We also are thankful for the support from NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory and University of Oklahoma Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies personnel who maintain and operate the KOUN polarimetric WSR-88D. The PR products used in this work were acquired as part of the activities of NASA's Science Mission Directorate and are archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (DISC). Constructive reviews provided by three anonymous reviewers improved the readability of this manuscript. Their time is appreciated. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 50 IS 7 BP 1389 EP 1402 DI 10.1175/2011JAMC2622.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 792FI UT WOS:000292725500001 ER PT J AU Chung, JH Song, YS Yoo, T Chung, SJ Lee, S Kirby, BJ Liu, X Furdyna, JK AF Chung, Jae-Ho Song, Young-Sang Yoo, Taehee Chung, Sun Jae Lee, Sanghoon Kirby, B. J. Liu, X. Furdyna, J. K. TI Investigation of weak interlayer exchange coupling in GaMnAs/GaAs superlattices with insulating nonmagnetic spacers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTOR SUPERLATTICES; LAYERED MAGNETIC-STRUCTURES; POLARIZED NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY; MAGNETORESISTANCE; MULTILAYERS AB A robust long-range antiferromagnetic coupling between ferromagnetic Ga(0.97)Mn(0.03)As layers has previously been realized via insertion of nonmagnetic Be-doped GaAs spacers between the magnetic layers. In this paper we report the observation of weak antiferromagnetic coupling between Ga(0.97)Mn(0.03)As layers through undoped GaAs spacers with thicknesses as large as 25 monolayers. The field and the temperature dependences of the sample magnetization suggest that the interlayer coupling in these systems substantially deviates from typical ferromagnetic behavior. Polarized neutron reflectivity measurements reveal antiferromagnetic alignment between Ga(0.97)Mn(0.03)As layers when a weak field is applied perpendicular to the magnetic easy axis during cooling below T(C). The strength of the observed coupling between the magnetic layers is estimated to be weaker than 0.05 mT. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3609080] C1 [Chung, Jae-Ho; Song, Young-Sang; Yoo, Taehee; Chung, Sun Jae; Lee, Sanghoon] Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Kirby, B. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, X.; Furdyna, J. K.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Chung, JH (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 136701, South Korea. EM slee3@korea.ac.kr FU Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology; National Science Foundation [DMR 10-05851] FX We are grateful to Julie Borchers for technical support during polarized neutron reflectivity measurements and helpful discussions. This work is supported by the Mid-Career Research Program (Grant Nos. 2010-0025880 and 20090085028), and the Nuclear R&D Program (Grnat No. 20100018369) through the NSF grant funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology. The work at Notre Dame was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant No. DMR 10-05851. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2011 VL 110 IS 1 AR 013912 DI 10.1063/1.3609080 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 792US UT WOS:000292776500084 ER PT J AU Golaz, JC Salzmann, M Donner, LJ Horowitz, LW Ming, Y Zhao, M AF Golaz, Jean-Christophe Salzmann, Marc Donner, Leo J. Horowitz, Larry W. Ming, Yi Zhao, Ming TI Sensitivity of the Aerosol Indirect Effect to Subgrid Variability in the Cloud Parameterization of the GFDL Atmosphere General Circulation Model AM3 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE MODELS; PROBABILITY DENSITY-FUNCTIONS; SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; MICROWAVE IMAGER SSM/I; PART I; ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE; MICROPHYSICS SCHEME; LIQUID WATER; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; DROPLET ACTIVATION AB The recently developed GFDL Atmospheric Model version 3 (AM3), an atmospheric general circulation model (GCM), incorporates a prognostic treatment of cloud drop number to simulate the aerosol indirect effect. Since cloud drop activation depends on cloud-scale vertical velocities, which are not reproduced in present-day GCMs, additional assumptions on the subgrid variability are required to implement a local activation parameterization into a GCM. This paper describes the subgrid activation assumptions in AM3 and explores sensitivities by constructing alternate configurations. These alternate model configurations exhibit only small differences in their present-day climatology. However, the total anthropogenic radiative flux perturbation (RFP) between present-day and preindustrial conditions varies by +/- 50% from the reference, because of a large difference in the magnitude of the aerosol indirect effect. The spread in RFP does not originate directly from the subgrid assumptions but indirectly through the cloud retuning necessary to maintain a realistic radiation balance. In particular, the paper shows a linear correlation between the choice of autoconversion threshold radius and the RFP. Climate sensitivity changes only minimally between the reference and alternate configurations. If implemented in a fully coupled model, these alternate configurations would therefore likely produce substantially different warming from preindustrial to present day. C1 [Golaz, Jean-Christophe; Salzmann, Marc; Donner, Leo J.; Horowitz, Larry W.; Ming, Yi; Zhao, Ming] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Salzmann, Marc] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Golaz, JC (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM chris.golaz@noaa.gov RI Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012; Salzmann, Marc/N-2229-2014; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014 OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Salzmann, Marc/0000-0002-3987-2303; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435 NR 81 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 24 IS 13 BP 3145 EP 3160 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3945.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 790LW UT WOS:000292590500001 ER PT J AU Villarini, G Vecchi, GA Knutson, TR Zhao, M Smith, JA AF Villarini, Gabriele Vecchi, Gabriel A. Knutson, Thomas R. Zhao, Ming Smith, James A. TI North Atlantic Tropical Storm Frequency Response to Anthropogenic Forcing: Projections and Sources of Uncertainty SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; CYCLONE ACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; HURRICANES; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; SIMULATIONS; REDUCTION; MODEL AB The impact of future anthropogenic forcing on the frequency of tropical storms in the North Atlantic basin has been the subject of intensive investigation. However, whether the number of North Atlantic tropical storms will increase or decrease in a warmer climate is still heavily debated and a consensus has yet to be reached. To shed light on this issue, the authors use a recently developed statistical model, in which the frequency of North Atlantic tropical storms is modeled by a conditional Poisson distribution with rate of occurrence parameter that is a function of tropical Atlantic and mean tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs). It is shown how the disagreement among dynamical modeling projections of late-twenty-first-century tropical storm frequency can be largely explained by differences in large-scale SST patterns from the different climate model projections used in these studies. The results do not support the notion of large (similar to 200%) increases in tropical storm frequency in the North Atlantic basin over the twenty-first century in response to increasing greenhouse gases (GHGs). Because the statistical model is computationally inexpensive, it is used to examine the impact of different climate models and climate change scenarios on the frequency of North Atlantic tropical storms. The authors estimate that the dominant drivers of uncertainty in projections of tropical storm frequency over the twenty-first century are internal climate variations and systematic intermodel differences in the response of SST patterns to increasing GHGs. Relative to them, uncertainties in total GHG emissions or other climate forcings, within the scenarios explored here, represent a minor source of uncertainty in tropical storm frequency projections. These results suggest that reducing uncertainty in future projections of North Atlantic tropical storm frequency may depend as critically on reducing the uncertainty in the sensitivity of tropical Atlantic warming relative to the tropical mean, in response to GHG increase, as on improving dynamical or statistical downscaling techniques. Moreover, the large uncertainties on century-scale trends that are due to internal climate variability are likely to remain irreducible for the foreseeable future. As a further illustration of the statistical model's utility, the authors model projected changes in U. S. landfalling tropical storm activity under a variety of different climate change scenarios and climate models. These results are similar to those for the overall number of North Atlantic tropical storms, and do not point to a large increase in U. S. landfalling tropical storms over the twenty-first century in response to increasing GHGs. C1 [Villarini, Gabriele; Smith, James A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Knutson, Thomas R.; Zhao, Ming] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Villarini, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM gvillari@princeton.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; Hamrin, Goran/C-3526-2014; Villarini, Gabriele/F-8069-2016 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Hamrin, Goran/0000-0003-4256-2960; Villarini, Gabriele/0000-0001-9566-2370 FU Willis Research Network; National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMMI-0653772]; NOAA/Cooperative Institute for Climate Science FX This research was funded in part by the Willis Research Network, the National Science Foundation (NSF Grants CMMI-0653772) and NOAA/Cooperative Institute for Climate Science. We also wish to thank the WCRP CMIP3 modeling groups for contributing model runs to the IPCC/CMIP3 data archive, and PCMDI and the IPCC Data Archive at LLNL/DOE for providing ready access to the data from various modeling groups. We thank Dr. John McBride and an anonymous reviewer for useful comments and suggestions. NR 31 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 24 IS 13 BP 3224 EP 3238 DI 10.1175/2011JCLI3853.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 790LW UT WOS:000292590500006 ER PT J AU Wen, CH Chang, P Saravanan, R AF Wen, Caihong Chang, Ping Saravanan, Ramalingam TI Effect of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation on Tropical Atlantic Variability: A Regional Coupled Model Study SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; ANNUAL CYCLE; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; CLIMATE; RELEVANCE; SHUTDOWN; PROJECT AB A simplified coupled ocean-atmosphere model, where an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) is fully coupled to a 2 1/2-layer reduced-gravity ocean model (RGO) over the tropical Atlantic basin, is presented in the context of studying the role of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) in tropical Atlantic variability (TAV). In the ocean model, the strength of the AMOC is controlled by specifying mass transport at open boundaries. The fidelity of the reduced-physics model in capturing major features of tropical Atlantic variability, as well as its response to the AMOC changes, is demonstrated in a series of model experiments. The results of the experiments reveal the relative importance of oceanic processes and atmospheric processes in AMOC-induced tropical Atlantic variability-change. It is found that the oceanic processes are a primary factor contributing to the warming at and south of the equator and the precipitation increase over the Gulf of Guinea, while atmospheric processes are responsible for the surface cooling of the tropical North Atlantic and southward displacement of ITCZ. A systematic investigation of the coupled system response to changes in AMOC strength indicates that the SST over the cold-tongue region responds nonlinearly to AMOC changes. The sensitivity of the SST response increases rapidly when AMOC strength decreases below a threshold value. Such nonlinear behavior is also found in precipitation response over the Gulf of Guinea. These results suggest that complex and competing atmosphere-ocean processes are involved in TAV response to AMOC changes and the nature of the response can vary from one region to another. This complexity should be taken into consideration in Atlantic abrupt climate studies. C1 [Wen, Caihong] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr,Wyle Informat Syst CPC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Chang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Chang, Ping] Second Inst Oceanog, State Key Lab Satellite Ocean Environm Dynam, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Saravanan, Ramalingam] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. RP Wen, CH (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr,Wyle Informat Syst CPC, Room 605-A,WWB,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM caihong.wen@noaa.gov RI Saravanan, Ramalingam/G-8879-2012; Chang, Ping /A-1642-2013 OI Saravanan, Ramalingam/0000-0002-0005-6907; Chang, Ping /0000-0002-9085-0759 FU DOE [DEFG02-08ER64620]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310135]; National Basic Research Program [2007CB816005]; National Science Foundation of China [40730843] FX We would like to acknowledge three anonymous reviewers for their comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the DOE Grant DEFG02-08ER64620 and the NOAA Grant NA09OAR4310135. PC also acknowledges the support from the National Basic Research Program (2007CB816005) and National Science Foundation of China (40730843). NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 24 IS 13 BP 3323 EP 3343 DI 10.1175/2011JCLI3845.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 790LW UT WOS:000292590500012 ER PT J AU Donner, LJ Wyman, BL Hemler, RS Horowitz, LW Ming, Y Zhao, M Golaz, JC Ginoux, P Lin, SJ Schwarzkopf, MD Austin, J Alaka, G Cooke, WF Delworth, TL Freidenreich, SM Gordon, CT Griffies, SM Held, IM Hurlin, WJ Klein, SA Knutson, TR Langenhorst, AR Lee, HC Lin, YL Magi, BI Malyshev, SL Milly, PCD Naik, V Nath, MJ Pincus, R Ploshay, JJ Ramaswamy, V Seman, CJ Shevliakova, E Sirutis, JJ Stern, WF Stouffer, RJ Wilson, RJ Winton, M Wittenberg, AT Zeng, FR AF Donner, Leo J. Wyman, Bruce L. Hemler, Richard S. Horowitz, Larry W. Ming, Yi Zhao, Ming Golaz, Jean-Christophe Ginoux, Paul Lin, S. -J. Schwarzkopf, M. Daniel Austin, John Alaka, Ghassan Cooke, William F. Delworth, Thomas L. Freidenreich, Stuart M. Gordon, C. T. Griffies, Stephen M. Held, Isaac M. Hurlin, William J. Klein, Stephen A. Knutson, Thomas R. Langenhorst, Amy R. Lee, Hyun-Chul Lin, Yanluan Magi, Brian I. Malyshev, Sergey L. Milly, P. C. D. Naik, Vaishali Nath, Mary J. Pincus, Robert Ploshay, Jeffrey J. Ramaswamy, V. Seman, Charles J. Shevliakova, Elena Sirutis, Joseph J. Stern, William F. Stouffer, Ronald J. Wilson, R. John Winton, Michael Wittenberg, Andrew T. Zeng, Fanrong TI The Dynamical Core, Physical Parameterizations, and Basic Simulation Characteristics of the Atmospheric Component AM3 of the GFDL Global Coupled Model CM3 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; CLOUD DROPLET ACTIVATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INCLUDING MASS FLUXES; AR4 CLIMATE MODELS; PART I; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; STRATIFORM CLOUDS AB The Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) has developed a coupled general circulation model (CM3) for the atmosphere, oceans, land, and sea ice. The goal of CM3 is to address emerging issues in climate change, including aerosol-cloud interactions, chemistry-climate interactions, and coupling between the troposphere and stratosphere. The model is also designed to serve as the physical system component of earth system models and models for decadal prediction in the near-term future-for example, through improved simulations in tropical land precipitation relative to earlier-generation GFDL models. This paper describes the dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and basic simulation characteristics of the atmospheric component (AM3) of this model. Relative to GFDL AM2, AM3 includes new treatments of deep and shallow cumulus convection, cloud droplet activation by aerosols, subgrid variability of stratiform vertical velocities for droplet activation, and atmospheric chemistry driven by emissions with advective, convective, and turbulent transport. AM3 employs a cubed-sphere implementation of a finite-volume dynamical core and is coupled to LM3, a new land model with ecosystem dynamics and hydrology. Its horizontal resolution is approximately 200 km, and its vertical resolution ranges approximately from 70 m near the earth's surface to 1 to 1.5 km near the tropopause and 3 to 4 km in much of the stratosphere. Most basic circulation features in AM3 are simulated as realistically, or more so, as in AM2. In particular, dry biases have been reduced over South America. In coupled mode, the simulation of Arctic sea ice concentration has improved. AM3 aerosol optical depths, scattering properties, and surface clear-sky downward shortwave radiation are more realistic than in AM2. The simulation of marine stratocumulus decks remains problematic, as in AM2. The most intense 0.2% of precipitation rates occur less frequently in AM3 than observed. The last two decades of the twentieth century warm in CM3 by 0.32 degrees C relative to 1881-1920. The Climate Research Unit (CRU) and Goddard Institute for Space Studies analyses of observations show warming of 0.56 degrees and 0.52 degrees C, respectively, over this period. CM3 includes anthropogenic cooling by aerosol-cloud interactions, and its warming by the late twentieth century is somewhat less realistic than in CM2.1, which warmed 0.66 degrees C but did not include aerosol-cloud interactions. The improved simulation of the direct aerosol effect (apparent in surface clear-sky downward radiation) in CM3 evidently acts in concert with its simulation of cloud-aerosol interactions to limit greenhouse gas warming. C1 [Donner, Leo J.; Wyman, Bruce L.; Hemler, Richard S.; Horowitz, Larry W.; Ming, Yi; Golaz, Jean-Christophe; Ginoux, Paul; Lin, S. -J.; Schwarzkopf, M. Daniel; Delworth, Thomas L.; Freidenreich, Stuart M.; Gordon, C. T.; Griffies, Stephen M.; Held, Isaac M.; Hurlin, William J.; Knutson, Thomas R.; Nath, Mary J.; Ploshay, Jeffrey J.; Ramaswamy, V.; Seman, Charles J.; Sirutis, Joseph J.; Stern, William F.; Stouffer, Ronald J.; Wilson, R. John; Winton, Michael; Wittenberg, Andrew T.; Zeng, Fanrong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Zhao, Ming; Austin, John; Lin, Yanluan] UCAR, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Alaka, Ghassan] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Cooke, William F.; Langenhorst, Amy R.; Lee, Hyun-Chul; Naik, Vaishali] High Performance Technol Inc, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Klein, Stephen A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA. [Magi, Brian I.; Malyshev, Sergey L.; Shevliakova, Elena] Princeton Univ, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Milly, P. C. D.] US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ USA. [Pincus, Robert] Univ Colorado, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Donner, LJ (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton Univ Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM leo.j.donner@noaa.gov RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Shevliakova, Elena/J-5770-2014; Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013; lin, yanluan/A-6333-2015; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016; Magi, Brian/K-2000-2015; Alaka, Ghassan/A-4513-2017 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X; Magi, Brian/0000-0001-8131-0083; Alaka, Ghassan/0000-0003-3137-8535 FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE FG02-03ER63561]; Office of Science in the U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy [DE AI02-07ER64477] FX We acknowledge the modeling groups, PCMDI, and the World Climate Research Program's (WCRP's) Working Group on Coupled Modelling for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy.; The contribution of Stephen A. Klein to this work was funded through the Regional and Global Climate Modeling and Atmospheric System Research Programs of the Office of Science in the U.S. Department of Energy and was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Robert Pincus was supported by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract DE FG02-03ER63561. Yanluan Lin was supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy, under Project DE AI02-07ER64477. NR 142 TC 305 Z9 313 U1 5 U2 72 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 24 IS 13 BP 3484 EP 3519 DI 10.1175/2011JCLI3955.1 PG 36 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 790LW UT WOS:000292590500022 ER PT J AU Griffies, SM Winton, M Donner, LJ Horowitz, LW Downes, SM Farneti, R Gnanadesikan, A Hurlin, WJ Lee, HC Liang, Z Palter, JB Samuels, BL Wittenberg, AT Wyman, BL Yin, JJ Zadeh, N AF Griffies, Stephen M. Winton, Michael Donner, Leo J. Horowitz, Larry W. Downes, Stephanie M. Farneti, Riccardo Gnanadesikan, Anand Hurlin, William J. Lee, Hyun-Chul Liang, Zhi Palter, Jaime B. Samuels, Bonita L. Wittenberg, Andrew T. Wyman, Bruce L. Yin, Jianjun Zadeh, Niki TI The GFDL CM3 Coupled Climate Model: Characteristics of the Ocean and Sea Ice Simulations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; CIRCULATION MODELS; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; ARCTIC-OCEAN; WATER; HEAT; TRANSPORT; ATLANTIC; ATMOSPHERE; VOLUME AB This paper documents time mean simulation characteristics from the ocean and sea ice components in a new coupled climate model developed at the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). The GFDL Climate Model version 3 (CM3) is formulated with effectively the same ocean and sea ice components as the earlier CM2.1 yet with extensive developments made to the atmosphere and land model components. Both CM2.1 and CM3 show stable mean climate indices, such as large-scale circulation and sea surface temperatures (SSTs). There are notable improvements in the CM3 climate simulation relative to CM2.1, including a modified SST bias pattern and reduced biases in the Arctic sea ice cover. The authors anticipate SST differences between CM2.1 and CM3 in lower latitudes through analysis of the atmospheric fluxes at the ocean surface in corresponding Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulations. In contrast, SST changes in the high latitudes are dominated by ocean and sea ice effects absent in AMIP simulations. The ocean interior simulation in CM3 is generally warmer than in CM2.1, which adversely impacts the interior biases. C1 [Griffies, Stephen M.; Winton, Michael; Donner, Leo J.; Horowitz, Larry W.; Gnanadesikan, Anand; Hurlin, William J.; Lee, Hyun-Chul; Liang, Zhi; Samuels, Bonita L.; Wittenberg, Andrew T.; Wyman, Bruce L.; Zadeh, Niki] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Downes, Stephanie M.; Palter, Jaime B.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Farneti, Riccardo] Abdus Salaam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Earth Syst Phys Sect, Trieste, Italy. [Lee, Hyun-Chul; Liang, Zhi; Zadeh, Niki] High Performance Technol Inc, Princeton, NJ USA. [Yin, Jianjun] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Griffies, SM (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM stephen.griffies@noaa.gov RI Farneti, Riccardo/B-5183-2011; Downes, Stephanie/A-1424-2012; Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Zadeh, Niki/F-4532-2014 OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; NR 81 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 24 IS 13 BP 3520 EP 3544 DI 10.1175/2011JCLI3964.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 790LW UT WOS:000292590500023 ER PT J AU Rienecker, MM Suarez, MJ Gelaro, R Todling, R Bacmeister, J Liu, E Bosilovich, MG Schubert, SD Takacs, L Kim, GK Bloom, S Chen, JY Collins, D Conaty, A Da Silva, A Gu, W Joiner, J Koster, RD Lucchesi, R Molod, A Owens, T Pawson, S Pegion, P Redder, CR Reichle, R Robertson, FR Ruddick, AG Sienkiewicz, M Woollen, J AF Rienecker, Michele M. Suarez, Max J. Gelaro, Ronald Todling, Ricardo Bacmeister, Julio Liu, Emily Bosilovich, Michael G. Schubert, Siegfried D. Takacs, Lawrence Kim, Gi-Kong Bloom, Stephen Chen, Junye Collins, Douglas Conaty, Austin Da Silva, Arlindo Gu, Wei Joiner, Joanna Koster, Randal D. Lucchesi, Robert Molod, Andrea Owens, Tommy Pawson, Steven Pegion, Philip Redder, Christopher R. Reichle, Rolf Robertson, Franklin R. Ruddick, Albert G. Sienkiewicz, Meta Woollen, Jack TI MERRA: NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; REANALYSIS PROJECT; PART I; TROPICAL STRATOSPHERE; RECURSIVE FILTERS; NUMERICAL ASPECTS; RAWINSONDE DATA; TIME-SERIES AB The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) was undertaken by NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office with two primary objectives: to place observations from NASA's Earth Observing System satellites into a climate context and to improve upon the hydrologic cycle represented in earlier generations of reanalyses. Focusing on the satellite era, from 1979 to the present, MERRA has achieved its goals with significant improvements in precipitation and water vapor climatology. Here, a brief overview of the system and some aspects of its performance, including quality assessment diagnostics from innovation and residual statistics, is given. By comparing MERRA with other updated reanalyses [the interim version of the next ECMWF ReAnalysis (ERA-Interim) and the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR)], advances made in this new generation of reanalyses, as well as remaining deficiencies, are identified. Although there is little difference between the new reanalyses in many aspects of climate variability, substantial differences remain in poorly constrained quantities such as precipitation and surface fluxes. These differences, due to variations both in the models and in the analysis techniques, are an important measure of the uncertainty in reanalysis products. It is also found that all reanalyses are still quite sensitive to observing system changes. Dealing with this sensitivity remains the most pressing challenge for the next generation of reanalyses. Production has now caught up to the current period and MERRA is being continued as a near-real-time climate analysis. The output is available online through the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC). C1 [Rienecker, Michele M.; Suarez, Max J.; Gelaro, Ronald; Todling, Ricardo; Bacmeister, Julio; Liu, Emily; Bosilovich, Michael G.; Schubert, Siegfried D.; Takacs, Lawrence; Kim, Gi-Kong; Bloom, Stephen; Chen, Junye; Collins, Douglas; Conaty, Austin; Da Silva, Arlindo; Gu, Wei; Koster, Randal D.; Lucchesi, Robert; Molod, Andrea; Owens, Tommy; Pawson, Steven; Pegion, Philip; Redder, Christopher R.; Reichle, Rolf; Ruddick, Albert G.; Sienkiewicz, Meta] NASA, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bacmeister, Julio] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Liu, Emily; Takacs, Lawrence; Bloom, Stephen; Collins, Douglas; Conaty, Austin; Gu, Wei; Lucchesi, Robert; Owens, Tommy; Pegion, Philip; Redder, Christopher R.; Ruddick, Albert G.; Sienkiewicz, Meta] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD USA. [Chen, Junye; Molod, Andrea] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Joiner, Joanna] NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Robertson, Franklin R.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Woollen, Jack] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Rienecker, MM (reprint author), NASA, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 610-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM michele.m.rienecker@nasa.gov RI Chen, Junye/G-4301-2011; da Silva, Arlindo/D-6301-2012; Joiner, Joanna/D-6264-2012; Reichle, Rolf/E-1419-2012; Pegion, Philip/E-5247-2012; Koster, Randal/F-5881-2012; Bosilovich, Michael/F-8175-2012; Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014; Sienkiewicz, Meta/P-8168-2016 OI da Silva, Arlindo/0000-0002-3381-4030; Koster, Randal/0000-0001-6418-6383; Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Sienkiewicz, Meta/0000-0002-9267-4568 FU NASA; NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) FX The GEOS-5 AGCM and DAS development and the MERRA project in the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office were funded by NASA's Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program. That support is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Derek van Pelt for providing some of the figures for this paper, for assembling the online atlas, and for contributing to monitoring MERRA through the production phases. We thank the many others in the GMAO who contributed in various ways to the production and monitoring of MERRA. Dana Ostrenga, of the GES DISC, worked tirelessly with us to have MERRA distributed online. We gratefully acknowledge her contributions with those of her colleagues in the GES DISC. We thank Leopold Haimberger of the University of Vienna for generating new corrections with RAOBCORE V1.4 with the corrected Vaisala RS-80 sondes. Laurie Rokke contributed to the development of the radiative transfer module used for SSU. SSM/I data produced by Remote Sensing Systems were sponsored by the NASA Earth Science MEaSUREs DISCOVER project. Data are available online (www.remss.com). Support from the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS), providing a production environment for timely delivery of MERRA, was essential to the project. We thank the MERRA User Group who provided invaluable advice during the testing phase of MERRA, helped identify the product suites needed for a broad community of users, and then gave the final approval for production. The user group was Phil Arkin (chair, University of Maryland), Alan Betts (Atmospheric Research), Robert Black (Georgia Institute of Technology), David Bromwich (Ohio State University), John Roads (Scripps Institution of Oceanography), Jose Rodriguez (Goddard Space Flight Center), Steve Running (University of Montana), Paul Stackhouse Jr. (Langley Research Center), Kevin Trenberth (National Center for Atmospheric Research), and Glenn White (NOAA/NCEP). We also thank three anonymous reviewers whose comments helped clarify and improve the manuscript. NR 73 TC 1584 Z9 1609 U1 26 U2 206 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 24 IS 14 BP 3624 EP 3648 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00015.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 793ZP UT WOS:000292863300006 ER PT J AU Kidston, J Vallis, GK Dean, SM Renwick, JA AF Kidston, Joseph Vallis, G. K. Dean, S. M. Renwick, J. A. TI Can the Increase in the Eddy Length Scale under Global Warming Cause the Poleward Shift of the Jet Streams? SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID PHASE SPEED SPECTRA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ANNULAR MODE; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; SURFACE WESTERLIES; STATIC STABILITY; STORM TRACKS; BETA-PLANE; VARIABILITY; WAVES AB The question of whether an increase in the atmospheric eddy length scale may cause a poleward shift of the midlatitude jet streams is addressed. An increase in the length scale of the eddy reduces its zonal phase speed and so causes eddies to dissipate farther from the jet core. If the eddy dissipation region on the poleward flank of the jet overlaps with the eddy source latitudes, shifting this dissipation to higher latitudes will alter which latitudes are a net source of baroclinic eddies, and hence the eddy-driven jet stream may shift poleward. This behavior does not affect the equatorward flank of the jet in the same way because the dissipation region on the equatorward flank is well separated from the source latitudes. An experiment with a barotropic model is presented in which an increase in the length scale of a midlatitude perturbation results in a poleward shift in the acceleration of the zonal flow. Initial investigations indicate that this behavior is also important in both observational data and the output of comprehensive general circulation models (GCMs). A simplified GCM is used to show that the latitude of the eddy-driven jet is well correlated with the eddy length scale. It is argued that the increase in the eddy length scale causes the poleward shift of the jet in these experiments, rather than vice versa. C1 [Kidston, Joseph] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Dean, S. M.; Renwick, J. A.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. RP Kidston, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM jkidston@princeton.edu RI Dean, Sam/F-7711-2011; OI Renwick, James/0000-0002-9141-2486 FU NOAA [NA07OAR4310320] FX We gratefully acknowledge the revisions suggested by three anonymous reviewers. This work was partially supported by NOAA Grant NA07OAR4310320. NR 55 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 24 IS 14 BP 3764 EP 3780 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3738.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 793ZP UT WOS:000292863300015 ER PT J AU Schiel, JE Lowenthal, MS Phinney, KW AF Schiel, John E. Lowenthal, Mark S. Phinney, Karen W. TI Mass spectrometry characterization for chemoenzymatic glycoprotein synthesis SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE glycoprotein; chemoenzymatic synthesis; mass spectrometry; oxazoline; glycosylation ID ENDOHEXOSAMINIDASE-CATALYZED GLYCOSYLATION; N-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION; GLYCAN OXAZOLINES; GLYCOPEPTIDES; RIBONUCLEASE; ENDO; TRANSGLYCOSYLATION; DISEASE; DONORS; IGG AB The current project describes the chemoenzymatic modification of bovine ribonuclease B (RNase B) to contain a single glycosylation site with a known glycan. A reactive disaccharide oxazoline derivative was synthesized and stereospecifically added to deglycosylated RNase B through endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase M catalyzed chemoenzymatic transglycosylation. Oxazoline formation conditions were optimized using mass spectrometry, and the product verified based on its collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrum. Enzymatic removal of native glycans as well as formation of the desired homogeneous product was also monitored using mass spectrometry. LC-MS(n) using four sequential rounds of CID was used to verify that the original glycosylation site had been reorganized to contain the new glycan. The techniques described herein are not limited to this analyte or glycan and should be amenable to the synthesis of numerous homogeneous glycoconjugates with judicious choice of enzyme/substrate combinations. The combined use of chemoenzymatic synthesis and mass spectrometry-based characterization shows promise for the development of homogeneous glycoprotein reference materials. A well-defined glycoprotein standard containing a single glycan of known composition, linkage and stereochemistry would be of great value for the comparison and evaluation of glycoprotein analysis techniques. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Schiel, John E.; Lowenthal, Mark S.; Phinney, Karen W.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schiel, JE (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.schiel@nist.gov NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1076-5174 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 46 IS 7 BP 649 EP 657 DI 10.1002/jms.1934 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 790OK UT WOS:000292598700006 PM 21706674 ER PT J AU Hubbard, JB Stoudt, MR Possolo, AM AF Hubbard, J. B. Stoudt, M. R. Possolo, A. M. TI Topographic analysis and Weibull regression for prediction of strain localisation in an automotive aluminium alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Strain localisation modelling; Strain mode; Scanning laser confocal microscopy; 3D characterisation; Weibull statistics; Sheet metal forming ID INDUCED SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; SHEET-METAL; FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS; GRAIN-SIZE; DEFORMATION; AA5754-O; CURVES AB We fit a two-parameter Weibull regression model by maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) to filtered surface roughness data. These data were acquired with scanning confocal laser microscopy performed on aluminium alloy AA 5754-O surfaces that were subjected to a range of plastic strain intensities in three different in-plane strain modes. Noting that one of the two Weibull regression parameters is, to a good approximation, invariant with strain intensity for a given strain mode, the authors find that the variation of the second parameter with strain intensity conforms to a simple quadratic function. These functions may then be used to generate accurate, statistically significant, single parameter predictors of both strain intensity and strain mode up to and including the onset of critical strain localisation and/or failure. C1 [Hubbard, J. B.; Stoudt, M. R.] NIST, Ctr Met Forming, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Possolo, A. M.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stoudt, MR (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Met Forming, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stoudt@nist.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0267-0836 J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND JI Mater. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 27 IS 7 BP 1206 EP 1212 DI 10.1179/026708310X12701149768179 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 790NI UT WOS:000292594700016 ER PT J AU Chae, J Ha, J Baek, H Kuk, Y Jung, SY Song, YJ Zhitenev, NB Stroscio, JA Woo, SJ Son, YW AF Chae, J. Ha, J. Baek, H. Kuk, Y. Jung, S. Y. Song, Y. J. Zhitenev, N. B. Stroscio, J. A. Woo, S. J. Son, Y. -W. TI Graphene: Materials to devices (invited) SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Insulating Films on Semiconductors CY JUN 21-24, 2011 CL Grenoble, FRANCE DE Graphene device; Gate insulator; Carrier scattering; Scanning probe microscopy ID SUSPENDED GRAPHENE; TRANSPORT; SIO2; SCATTERING AB Despite recent progress in understanding geometric structure, electronic structure, and transport properties in a graphene device (GD), role of point defects, edges, traps in a GD or a gate insulator has been poorly defined. We have studied electronic and geometric structures of these defects using scanning probe microscopy and try to link those with the transport properties of the GD. We perform scanning gate microscopy study to understand the local carrier scattering. It was found that geometric corrugations, defects and edges directly influence the local transport current. This observation is linked directly with a proposed scattering model based on macroscopic transport measurements. We suggest that dangling bonds in insulator-material SiO2 mainly used in GDs produce charge puddles and they work as scattering centers. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ha, J.; Baek, H.; Kuk, Y.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Chae, J.; Ha, J.; Jung, S. Y.; Song, Y. J.; Zhitenev, N. B.; Stroscio, J. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20988 USA. [Woo, S. J.; Son, Y. -W.] Korea Inst Adv Study, Sch Computat Sci, Seoul 130722, South Korea. RP Kuk, Y (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 151747, South Korea. EM ykuk@phya.snu.ac.kr RI son, Young-Woo/B-2566-2010; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Song, Young Jae/A-5422-2013; Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014 OI Song, Young Jae/0000-0001-6172-3817; NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 EI 1873-5568 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 88 IS 7 BP 1211 EP 1213 DI 10.1016/j.mee.2011.03.159 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 790FA UT WOS:000292572700042 ER PT J AU Ma, ZZ Kuo, YH Ralph, FM Neiman, PJ Wick, GA Sukovich, E Wang, B AF Ma, Zaizhong Kuo, Ying-Hwa Ralph, F. Martin Neiman, Paul J. Wick, Gary A. Sukovich, Ellen Wang, Bin TI Assimilation of GPS Radio Occultation Data for an Intense Atmospheric River with the NCEP Regional GSI System SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PHASE OBSERVATION OPERATOR; PRECIPITATION; SATELLITE; CHAMP; REFRACTIVITY; INVERSION; WINTER; MODEL AB This paper uses a case study to explore the potential of Constellation Observing System for Meteorology. Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) and Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) global positioning system (GPS) radio occultation (RO) satellite data over the eastern Pacific Ocean to improve analyses and mesoscale forecasts of landfalling atmospheric rivers (ARs) along the U.S. West Coast. The case study is from early November 2006 and was a very high-impact event in the Pacific Northwest where it created torrential rainfall and severe flooding. Recent studies have shown that the COSMIC data offshore have the ability to better define the vertical and horizontal structure of the strong AR. This paper extends the earlier work by assessing the impact of assimilating the COSMIC data into the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (ARW-WRF) mesoscale numerical model (using a nested mode with 36-, 12-, and 4-km grid sizes) on a key 24-h forecast. The data are assimilated using NCEP's Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI), and impacts are evaluated using Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) satellite observations over the ocean and precipitation observations over land. The assimilation of GPS RO soundings made use of a local refractivity observation operator as well as an advanced nonlocal excess phase observation operator that considers the effects of atmospheric horizontal gradients. The results show that the assimilation of G PS RO soundings improved the moisture analysis for this AR event. This result supports conclusions from earlier observing systems simulation experiment (OSSE) studies, but in a real event. The use of a nonlocal excess phase observation operator can produce larger and more robust analysis increments. Although this is a single case study, the results are likely representative of the potential impacts of assimilating COSMIC data in other extreme AR and precipitation events and in other regions affected by landfalling ARs, for example, western Europe, western South America, and New Zealand. C1 [Ma, Zaizhong; Wang, Bin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Ma, Zaizhong; Kuo, Ying-Hwa] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Ralph, F. Martin; Neiman, Paul J.; Wick, Gary A.; Sukovich, Ellen] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kuo, YH (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM kuo@ucar.edu RI Ma, Zaizhong/M-3248-2013; Wang, Bin/P-9121-2014; Wang, Bin/D-9724-2012 OI Wang, Bin/0000-0001-7374-3786; Wang, Bin/0000-0002-3133-7197 FU NCAR ASP; NCAR/MMM; NCEP/EMC; JCSDA; NSF [ATM-0410018, INT-0129369]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX08AI23G] FX We want to acknowledge Louis Uccellini. Steve Lord, Greg Holland, Jim Yoe, and John Le Marshall for their support and encouragement of this work; Wan-Shu Wu, John Derber, Lidia Cucurull, and Russ Treadon for many fruitful discussions; and Xiaoyan Zhang (NCAR) for her comments and suggestions regarding an initial manuscript. This work is supported by the NCAR ASP Graduate Visitor Program, NCAR/MMM, NCEP/EMC and JCSDA, and NSF under corporate agreements with UCAR Awards ATM-0410018 and INT-0129369, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant NNX08AI23G. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 139 IS 7 BP 2170 EP 2183 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3342.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 792EJ UT WOS:000292723000010 ER PT J AU Sweet, WV Zervas, C AF Sweet, William V. Zervas, Chris TI Cool-Season Sea Level Anomalies and Storm Surges along the US East Coast: Climatology and Comparison with the 2009/10 El Nino SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; WIND; EROSION; RISE AB Climatologics of sea level anomalies (>0.05 m) and daily-mean storm surges (>0.3 m) are presented for the 1960-2010 cool seasons (October April) along the East Coast of the United States at Boston, Massachusetts; Atlantic City, New Jersey; Sewells Point (Norfolk), Virginia; and Charleston, South Carolina. The high sea level anomaly and the number of storm surges, among the highest in the last half century during the 2009/10 cool season, are comparable during strong El Nino cool seasons. High numbers of daily storm surges occur in response to numerous East Coast extratropical cool-season storms and have a positive correlation with the El Nino phase of the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Patterns of anomalously high sea levels are attributed to El Nino related changes to atmospheric pressure over the Gulf of Mexico and eastern Canada and to the wind field over the Northeast U.S. continental shelf. C1 [Sweet, William V.; Zervas, Chris] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Sweet, WV (reprint author), NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM william.sweet@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 139 IS 7 BP 2290 EP 2299 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-10-05043.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 792EJ UT WOS:000292723000017 ER PT J AU Glahn, B AF Glahn, Bob TI Comments on "The Value of a Variable Resolution Approach to Numerical Weather Prediction" SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Dev Lab, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Glahn, B (reprint author), NOAA Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Dev Lab, Off Sci & Technol, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM harry.glahn@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 139 IS 7 BP 2300 EP 2301 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3630.1 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 792EJ UT WOS:000292723000018 ER PT J AU Egan, P Stone, JA AF Egan, Patrick Stone, Jack A. TI Absolute refractometry of dry gas to +/- 3 parts in 10(9) SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; AIR; INTERFEROMETRY AB We present a method of measuring the refractive index of dry gases absolutely at 632.8nm wavelength using a Fabry-Perot cavity with an expanded uncertainty of <3 x 10(-9) (coverage factor k = 2). The main contribution to this uncertainty is how well vacuum-to-atmosphere compression effects (physical length variation) in the cavities can be corrected. This paper describes the technique and reports reference values for the refractive indices of nitrogen and argon gases at 100 kPa and 20 degrees C with an expanded uncertainty of <9 x 10(-9) (coverage factor k = 2), with the additional and larger part of this uncertainty coming from the pressure and temperature measurement. C1 [Egan, Patrick; Stone, Jack A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stone, JA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jack.stone@nist.gov NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 1 PY 2011 VL 50 IS 19 BP 3076 EP 3086 DI 10.1364/AO.50.003076 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 789UU UT WOS:000292542800002 PM 21743505 ER PT J AU Short, FT Polidoro, B Livingstone, SR Carpenter, KE Bandeira, S Bujang, JS Calumpong, HP Carruthers, TJB Coles, RG Dennison, WC Erftemeijer, PLA Fortes, MD Freeman, AS Jagtap, TG Kamal, AM Kendrick, GA Kenworthy, WJ La Nafie, YA Nasution, IM Orth, RJ Prathep, A Sanciangco, JC van Tussenbroek, B Vergara, SG Waycott, M Zieman, JC AF Short, Frederick T. Polidoro, Beth Livingstone, Suzanne R. Carpenter, Kent E. Bandeira, Salomao Bujang, Japar Sidik Calumpong, Hilconida P. Carruthers, Tim J. B. Coles, Robert G. Dennison, William C. Erftemeijer, Paul L. A. Fortes, Miguel D. Freeman, Aaren S. Jagtap, T. G. Kamal, Abu Hena M. Kendrick, Gary A. Kenworthy, W. Judson La Nafie, Yayu A. Nasution, Ichwan M. Orth, Robert J. Prathep, Anchana Sanciangco, Jonnell C. van Tussenbroek, Brigitta Vergara, Sheila G. Waycott, Michelle Zieman, Joseph C. TI Extinction risk assessment of the world's seagrass species SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Seagrass; Red List; Extinction; Threatened; Endangered; Biodiversity ID SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION; IUCN RED LIST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS; MARINE; FISH; IMPACTS; MEADOWS; ENRICHMENT AB Seagrasses, a functional group of marine flowering plants rooted in the world's coastal oceans, support marine food webs and provide essential habitat for many coastal species, playing a critical role in the equilibrium of coastal ecosystems and human livelihoods. For the first time, the probability of extinction is determined for the world's seagrass species under the Categories and Criteria of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Several studies have indicated that seagrass habitat is declining worldwide. Our focus is to determine the risk of extinction for individual seagrass species, a 4-year process involving seagrass experts internationally, compilation of data on species' status, populations, and distribution, and review of the biology and ecology of each of the world's seagrass species. Ten seagrass species are at elevated risk of extinction (14% of all seagrass species), with three species qualifying as Endangered. Seagrass species loss and degradation of seagrass biodiversity will have serious repercussions for marine biodiversity and the human populations that depend upon the resources and ecosystem services that seagrasses provide. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Polidoro, Beth; Livingstone, Suzanne R.; Carpenter, Kent E.; Sanciangco, Jonnell C.] Old Dominion Univ, IUCN Species Programme SSC Conservat Int, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Bandeira, Salomao] Univ Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo 1100, Mozambique. [Bujang, Japar Sidik] Univ Putra Malaysia Bintulu, Fac Agr & Food Sci, Sarawak, Malaysia. [Calumpong, Hilconida P.] Silliman Univ, Inst Environm & Marine Sci, Dumaguete 6200, Philippines. [Carruthers, Tim J. B.; Dennison, William C.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Coles, Robert G.] Fisheries Queensland, No Fisheries Ctr, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. [Erftemeijer, Paul L. A.] Deltares, NL-2600 MH Delft, Netherlands. [Fortes, Miguel D.] Univ Philippines, Marine Sci Inst CS, Diliman 1101, QC, Philippines. [Jagtap, T. G.] Natl Inst Oceanog, Donapaula 403004, Goa, India. [Kamal, Abu Hena M.] Univ Chittagong, Inst Marine Sci & Fisheries, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh. [Kendrick, Gary A.] Univ Western Australia, Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Kendrick, Gary A.] Sch Plant Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Kenworthy, W. Judson] NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [La Nafie, Yayu A.] Hasanuddin Univ, Dept Marine Sci, Fac Marine Sci & Fisheries, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. [Nasution, Ichwan M.] Minist Marine Affairs & Fisheries Republ Indonesi, Agcy Marine & Fisheries Res, Jakarta 12770, Indonesia. [Orth, Robert J.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Prathep, Anchana] Prince Songkla Univ, Dept Biol, Fac Sci, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand. [van Tussenbroek, Brigitta] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Cancun 77500, Quintana Roo, Mexico. [Vergara, Sheila G.] Univ Philippines, Sch Environm Sci & Management, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. [Waycott, Michelle] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Zieman, Joseph C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Short, Frederick T.; Freeman, Aaren S.] Univ New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Lab, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Short, FT (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Lab, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, 85 Adams Point Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM fred.short@unh.edu; bpolidor@odu.edu; suzanne.r.livingstone@gmail.com; kcarpent@odu.edu; sband@zebra.uem.mz; japar@science.upm.edu.my; hpcalumpong@yahoo.com; tcarruth@umces.edu; rob.coles@deedi.qld.gov.au; dennison@umces.edu; paul.erftemeijer@deltares.nl; migueldfortes@gmail.com; afreeman@adelphi.edu; tanaji@nio.org; hena71@yahoo.com; gary.kendrick@uwa.edu.au; jud.kenworthy@noaa.gov; yayulanafie@yahoo.com; ichwan.nasution@gmail.com; jjorth@vims.edu; a_prathep@hotmail.com; jsanciangco@yahoo.com; vantuss@cmarl.unam.mx; sheila_vergara@yahoo.com; michelle.waycott@jcu.edu.au; jcz@virginia.edu RI Kendrick, Gary/B-3460-2011; Dennison, William/D-7739-2012; OI Kendrick, Gary/0000-0002-0276-6064; M K, Abu Hena/0000-0002-2054-2398; bujang, japar sidik/0000-0002-9797-7963; Coles, Robert/0000-0002-3192-3778 NR 63 TC 153 Z9 175 U1 33 U2 218 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 144 IS 7 BP 1961 EP 1971 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.04.010 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 789BU UT WOS:000292489100005 ER PT J AU Svoma, BM DeBiasse, K Nolte, J Busby, B Beeson, C Cerveny, R AF Svoma, Bohumil M. DeBiasse, Kimberly Nolte, Jessica Busby, Bradley Beeson, Carolyn Cerveny, Randall TI Evaluation of the Environmental Protection Agency/National Weather Service Ultraviolet Index Forecast against independent UV measurements: Phoenix Arizona (2000-2006) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climatology; ultraviolet; health ID B RADIATION; VALENCIA; SPAIN AB The effectiveness of the National Weather Service (NWS) Ultraviolet Index (UVI) forecast is evaluated for one of the largest United States metropolitan areas that annually experiences exceedingly large dosages of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, Phoenix Arizona (AZ). Data were collected from Arizona Desert Testing LLC sited at Wittmann AZ, the Volkswagen Arizona Proving Grounds sited at Maricopa AZ and Atlas Material Testing Technology LLC, DSET Laboratories sited at New River AZ. In general, over 50% of the variance (r = 0.709) in UV radiation is shared between the datasets from the three independent facilities although the geographic distances between sites are relatively large. Overall correlations between the NWS UVI forecasts and the data from the three independent testing facilities are surprisingly weak when the annual cycle is removed from all datasets with less than 21% of the variance in UV data accounted for by the NWS UVI forecast. The lowest correspondence occurred during the summer months with June displaying the lowest correlations, often insignificant at the 0.05 level. To account for these lower correlations, we considered daily sky cover and air quality observations of particles with a diameter less than 10 mu m (PM(10)). Our analyses suggest that large amounts of PM(10) present during the late spring and early summer are a likely cause for low correspondence between the NWS UVI and UV data in June. Given the unexpectedly low overall correlations, optical depth may need to be better incorporated in the NWS UVI forecast process through pollution forecasts in order to increase the correspondence between the NWS UVI and actual UV irradiance. Copyright (C) 2010 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Svoma, Bohumil M.; DeBiasse, Kimberly; Beeson, Carolyn; Cerveny, Randall] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Nolte, Jessica] Forecast Off, Natl Weather Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85072 USA. [Busby, Bradley] Arizona Dept Environm Qual, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. RP Svoma, BM (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM bohumil.Svoma@asu.edu NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1368 EP 1376 DI 10.1002/joc.2152 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 789MB UT WOS:000292518500010 ER PT J AU Bryant, RA Mensch, A AF Bryant, Rodney A. Mensch, Amy TI Characterizing Inward Leakage in a Pressure-Demand, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE firefighter; inward leakage; leak; respirator; SCBA ID FACEPIECE SAMPLING BIAS; RESPIRATORS; FULL AB An analytical model of the flow across a resistive flow path such as an orifice or pipe was applied to predict the inward leakage in the facepiece of a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) during a steady below-ambient facepiece pressure. The model was used to estimate leakage rates with respect to the size of the leak and for below-ambient (negative) pressure conditions reflective of measured occurrences. Results of the model were also used to make quantitative estimates of the protection level of the respirator Experiments were designed to induce a continuous below-ambient pressure inside the facepiece of a pressure-demand SCBA mounted on a headform. Negative facepiece pressure measured in the presence of a leak correlated with the measured particle concentration ratio. Results show that the analytical model generated reasonable estimates of leakage rates during conditions of negative pressure inside the facepiece. Thus, the analytical model performed well for constant flow conditions, demonstrating the capability to predict a momentary compromise in respirator protection during momentary negative facepiece pressure conditions. C1 [Bryant, Rodney A.; Mensch, Amy] NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bryant, RA (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8662, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rodney.bryant@nist.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 8 IS 7 BP 437 EP 446 DI 10.1080/15459624.2011.585866 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 789OV UT WOS:000292526100009 PM 21667373 ER PT J AU Zhao, NZ Ghosh, T Currit, NA Elvidge, CD AF Zhao, Naizhuo Ghosh, Tilottama Currit, Nathan Allen Elvidge, Christopher D. TI Relationships Between Satellite Observed Lit Area and Water Footprints SO WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Water footprint; Nighttime satellite image; Rate of agricultural water consumption to total water footprint (AWCR); Population density; Gross domestic product (GDP) ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; CITY LIGHTS; POPULATION; RESOURCES; CONSUMPTION; IMAGERY; EMISSIONS; CHINA AB Global water resources are vulnerable to depletion due to the increasing demand of an ever-increasing human population. A country's water footprint is a measure of the total volume of water needed to produce the goods and services consumed by the country, including water originating beyond its own borders. The water footprint can be a critical indicator of global water resource use, but its practical application is hindered by a lack of comparable data across national boundaries. The purpose of this article is to test the applicability of the nighttime imagery products produced by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) for the assessment of the global water footprint. To accomplish this purpose, the average areal extent of nighttime lighting (lit area) is calculated from 1997 to 2001. Next, lit area is regressed on the total water footprint for each country, as indicated by the Water Footprint Network (WFN), to estimate that country's total water footprint using nighttime imagery. Model residuals are analyzed at the national scale to understand the appropriateness of nighttime imagery for assessing water consumption. Results indicate strong positive correlations between lit area and total water footprint (TWF), domestic water withdrawal (DWW), and industrial water consumption (IWC) at the national scale. Overall, the analyses reveal that the rate of agricultural water consumption to total water footprint (AWCR) and population density can affect the precision of estimates when lit area is selected as a proxy to estimate water footprints. C1 [Zhao, Naizhuo; Currit, Nathan Allen] SW Texas State Univ, Dept Geog, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Ghosh, Tilottama] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zhao, NZ (reprint author), SW Texas State Univ, Dept Geog, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM nz1014@txstate.edu RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4741 J9 WATER RESOUR MANAG JI Water Resour. Manag. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 25 IS 9 BP 2241 EP 2250 DI 10.1007/s11269-011-9804-3 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 789ZL UT WOS:000292558200009 ER PT J AU Yetley, EA Pfeiffer, CM Phinney, KW Fazili, Z Lacher, DA Bailey, RL Blackmore, S Bock, JL Brody, LC Carmel, R Curtin, LR Durazo-Arvizu, RA Eckfeldt, JH Green, R Gregory, JF Hoofnagle, AN Jacobsen, DW Jacques, PF Molloy, AM Massaro, J Mills, JL Nexo, E Rader, JI Selhub, J Sempos, C Shane, B Stabler, S Stover, P Tamura, T Tedstone, A Thorpe, SJ Coates, PM Johnson, CL Picciano, MF AF Yetley, Elizabeth A. Pfeiffer, Christine M. Phinney, Karen W. Fazili, Zia Lacher, David A. Bailey, Regan L. Blackmore, Sheena Bock, Jay L. Brody, Lawrence C. Carmel, Ralph Curtin, L. Randy Durazo-Arvizu, Ramon A. Eckfeldt, John H. Green, Ralph Gregory, Jesse F., III Hoofnagle, Andrew N. Jacobsen, Donald W. Jacques, Paul F. Molloy, Anne M. Massaro, Joseph Mills, James L. Nexo, Ebba Rader, Jeanne I. Selhub, Jacob Sempos, Christopher Shane, Barry Stabler, Sally Stover, Patrick Tamura, Tsunenobu Tedstone, Alison Thorpe, Susan J. Coates, Paul M. Johnson, Clifford L. Picciano, Mary Frances TI Biomarkers of folate status in NHANES: a roundtable summary SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; WHOLE-BLOOD FOLATE; BIO-RAD RADIOASSAY; B-VITAMIN STATUS; HUMAN SERUM; MICROBIOLOGIC ASSAY; INTERNATIONAL STANDARD; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN PLASMA AB A roundtable to discuss the measurement of folate status biomarkers in NHANES took place in July 2010. NHANES has measured serum folate since 1974 and red blood cell (RBC) folate since 1978 with the use of several different measurement procedures. Data on serum 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5MTHF) and folic acid (FA) concentrations in persons aged >= 60 y are available in NHANES 1999-2002. The roundtable reviewed data that showed that folate concentrations from the Bio-Rad Quantaphase II procedure (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA; used in NHANES 1991-1994 and NHANES 1999-2006) were, on average, 29% lower for serum and 45% lower for RBC than were those from the microbiological assay (MA), which was used in NHANES 2007-2010. Round-table experts agreed that these differences required a data adjustment for time-trend analyses. The roundtable reviewed the possible use of an isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) measurement procedure for future NHANES and agreed that the close agreement between the MA and LC-MS/MS results for serum folate supported conversion to the LC-MS/MS procedure. However, for RBC folate, the MA gave 25% higher concentrations than did the LC-MS/MS procedure. The roundtable agreed that the use of the LC-MS/MS procedure to measure RBC folate is premature at this time. The roundtable reviewed the reference materials available or under development at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and recognized the challenges related to, and the scientific need for, these materials. They noted the need for a commutability study for the available reference materials for serum 5MTHF and FA. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94(suppl):303S-12S. C1 [Yetley, Elizabeth A.; Bailey, Regan L.; Sempos, Christopher; Coates, Paul M.; Picciano, Mary Frances] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Brody, Lawrence C.] NHGRI, Genome Technol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Mills, James L.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Pfeiffer, Christine M.; Fazili, Zia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Phinney, Karen W.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lacher, David A.; Curtin, L. Randy; Johnson, Clifford L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Blackmore, Sheena] United Kingdom Natl External Qual Assessment Serv, Dept Haematol, Sutton, Coldfield, England. [Bock, Jay L.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pathol, Med Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Carmel, Ralph] New York Methodist Hosp, Dept Med, Brooklyn, NY USA. [Carmel, Ralph] Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Durazo-Arvizu, Ramon A.] Loyola Univ Chicago, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Maywood, IL USA. [Eckfeldt, John H.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Green, Ralph] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med Pathol & Lab Med & Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Gregory, Jesse F., III] Univ Florida, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hoofnagle, Andrew N.] Univ Washington, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hoofnagle, Andrew N.] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. [Jacobsen, Donald W.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Lerner Coll Med, Dept Mol Med, Cleveland Clin, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Jacobsen, Donald W.] Cleveland Clin, Lerner Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Jacques, Paul F.; Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Molloy, Anne M.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Med, Dept Clin Med, Dublin, Ireland. [Massaro, Joseph] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. [Nexo, Ebba] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Biochem, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Rader, Jeanne I.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. [Shane, Barry] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci & Toxicol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stabler, Sally] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Hematol, Dept Med, Aurora, CO USA. [Stover, Patrick] Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Tamura, Tsunenobu] Univ Alabama, Dept Nutr Sci, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Tedstone, Alison] Dept Hlth, London SE1 6TE, England. RP Coates, PM (reprint author), NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, 6100 Execut Blvd,Room 3B01,MSC 7517, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM beth@yetley.com; coatesp@od.nih.gov RI Thorpe, Susan/E-1808-2013; OI Molloy, Anne/0000-0002-1688-9049 FU National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH FX Supported by the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH. NR 52 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 94 IS 1 BP 303S EP 312S DI 10.3945/ajcn.111.013011 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 779QK UT WOS:000291794800045 PM 21593502 ER PT J AU Yetley, EA Pfeiffer, CM Phinney, KW Bailey, RL Blackmore, S Bock, JL Brody, LC Carmel, R Curtin, LR Durazo-Arvizu, R Eckfeldt, JH Green, R Gregory, JF Hoofnagle, AN Jacobsen, DW Jacques, PF Lacher, DA Molloy, AM Massaro, J Mills, JL Nexo, E Rader, JI Selhub, J Sempos, C Shane, B Stabler, S Stover, P Tamura, T Tedstone, A Thorpe, SJ Coates, PM Johnson, CL Picciano, MF AF Yetley, Elizabeth A. Pfeiffer, Christine M. Phinney, Karen W. Bailey, Regan L. Blackmore, Sheena Bock, Jay L. Brody, Lawrence C. Carmel, Ralph Curtin, L. Randy Durazo-Arvizu, Ramon Eckfeldt, John H. Green, Ralph Gregory, Jesse F., III Hoofnagle, Andrew N. Jacobsen, Donald W. Jacques, Paul F. Lacher, David A. Molloy, Anne M. Massaro, Joseph Mills, James L. Nexo, Ebba Rader, Jeanne I. Selhub, Jacob Sempos, Christopher Shane, Barry Stabler, Sally Stover, Patrick Tamura, Tsunenobu Tedstone, Alison Thorpe, Susan J. Coates, Paul M. Johnson, Clifford L. Picciano, Mary Frances TI Biomarkers of vitamin B-12 status in NHANES: a roundtable summary SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PLASMA METHYLMALONIC ACID; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS; SRM-1955 HOMOCYSTEINE; AUTOMATED-ASSAY; OLDER-ADULTS AB A roundtable to discuss the measurement of vitamin B-12 (cobalamin) status biomarkers in NHANES took place in July 2010. NHANES stopped measuring vitamin B-12-related biomarkers after 2006. The roundtable reviewed 3 biomarkers of vitamin B-12 status used in past NHANES-serum vitamin B-12, methylmalonic acid (MMA), and total homocysteine (tHcy)-and discussed the potential utility of measuring holotranscobalamin (holoTC) for future NHANES. The roundtable focused on public health considerations and the quality of the measurement procedures and reference methods and materials that past NHANES used or that are available for future NHANES. Roundtable members supported reinstating vitamin B-12 status measures in NHANES. They noted evolving concerns and uncertainties regarding whether subclinical (mild, asymptomatic) vitamin B-12 deficiency is a public health concern. They identified the need for evidence from clinical trials to address causal relations between subclinical vitamin B-12 deficiency and adverse health outcomes as well as appropriate cutoffs for interpreting vitamin B-12-related biomarkers. They agreed that problems with sensitivity and specificity of individual biomarkers underscore the need for including at least one biomarker of circulating vitamin B-12 (serum vitamin B-12 or holoTC) and one functional biomarker (MMA or tHcy) in NHANES. The inclusion of both serum vitamin B-12 and plasma MMA, which have been associated with cognitive dysfunction and anemia in NHANES and in other population-based studies, was preferable to provide continuity with past NHANES. Reliable measurement procedures are available, and National Institute of Standards and Technology reference materials are available or in development for serum vitamin B-12 and MMA. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94(suppl):313S-21S. C1 [Yetley, Elizabeth A.; Bailey, Regan L.; Sempos, Christopher; Coates, Paul M.; Picciano, Mary Frances] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Pfeiffer, Christine M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Phinney, Karen W.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Blackmore, Sheena] United Kingdom Natl External Qual Assessment Serv, Dept Haematol, Sutton, Coldfield, England. [Bock, Jay L.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pathol, Med Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Brody, Lawrence C.] NHGRI, Genome Technol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Carmel, Ralph] New York Methodist Hosp, Dept Med, Brooklyn, NY USA. [Carmel, Ralph] Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Curtin, L. Randy; Lacher, David A.; Johnson, Clifford L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Durazo-Arvizu, Ramon] Loyola Univ Chicago, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Maywood, IL USA. [Eckfeldt, John H.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Green, Ralph] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med Pathol & Lab Med & Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Gregory, Jesse F., III] Univ Florida, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hoofnagle, Andrew N.] Univ Washington, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jacobsen, Donald W.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Lerner Coll Med, Cleveland Clin, Dept Mol Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Jacobsen, Donald W.] Cleveland Clin, Lerner Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Jacques, Paul F.; Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Molloy, Anne M.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Clin Med, Sch Med, Dublin, Ireland. [Massaro, Joseph] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. [Mills, James L.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Nexo, Ebba] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Biochem, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Rader, Jeanne I.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. [Shane, Barry] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci & Toxicol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stabler, Sally] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Hematol, Dept Med, Aurora, CO USA. [Stover, Patrick] Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Tamura, Tsunenobu] Univ Alabama, Dept Nutr Sci, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Tedstone, Alison] Dept Hlth, London SE1 6TE, England. [Thorpe, Susan J.] Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Potters Bar, Herts, England. RP Coates, PM (reprint author), NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, 6100 Execut Blvd,Room 3B01,MSC 7517, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM beth@yetley.com; coatesp@od.nih.gov RI Thorpe, Susan/E-1808-2013; OI Molloy, Anne/0000-0002-1688-9049; Gregory, Jesse/0000-0002-9976-2085 FU National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health; Axis Shield Diagnostics FX Supported by the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and MFP, CLJ, EAY, and PMC: conceived and sponsored the roundtable project; MFP, CLJ, EAY, PMC, RLB, DAL, AMM, JLM, CMP, KWP, CS, BS, and TT: served on the planning committee; EAY, CLJ, JHE, JM, RAD- A, CS, BS, CMP, KWP, JS, RC, EN, RLB, and DAL: presented data and backgroundinformation; EAY: drafted the manuscript with considerable input from CMP and KWP; EAY, CLJ, and PMC: had primary responsibility for the final manuscript content; and all authors: fully participated in the roundtable discussions and read and approved the final manuscript. RG and DWJ serve on the Scientific Advisory Boards of Emisphere Technologies Inc of Cedar Knolls, NJ, and PARPharmaceuticals of Woodcliff Lake, NJ. DWJ also serves on the Scientific Advisory Board of Diazyme-GA, La Jolla, CA. For the past 3 y, AMM carried out a research project that was funded by Axis Shield Diagnostics and also carried a consulting agreement with this firm. RC's hospital filed a patent application for his work on the genetics of transcobalamin I deficiency. None of the other authors had any personal or financial conflicts of interest.Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health. NR 58 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 94 IS 1 BP 313S EP 321S DI 10.3945/ajcn.111.013243 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 779QK UT WOS:000291794800046 PM 21593512 ER PT J AU Jennings, HM Bullard, JW AF Jennings, Hamlin M. Bullard, Jeffrey W. TI From electrons to infrastructure: Engineering concrete from the bottom up SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Microstructure (B); Modeling; Durability ID C-S-H; TRICALCIUM SILICATE HYDRATION; CEMENT PASTE; MICROSTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT; COLLOID MODEL; SIMULATION; KINETICS; NUCLEATION; MECHANISMS; DENSITY AB An approach rooted in fundamental, mechanistic models of concrete materials offers the only viable path for handling the enormous number of variables that are being introduced as new materials are added to the design space, and as new properties are mandated for a sustainable infrastructure. These models must begin at the smallest length scales relevant for concrete properties; in some cases this is the scale of electron interactions among atoms and ions. But concrete has complex chemical and structural properties that are manifested at greater length and time scales, so atomic scale models must ultimately be integrated with new models that capture behavior at mesoscopic and macroscopic scales. We refer to this methodology as the "bottom-up" approach because it proceeds from the smallest length scales. We describe this kind of modeling approach, include some recent results, and suggest some principles for collaboratively integrating multi-scale models. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jennings, Hamlin M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bullard, Jeffrey W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jennings, HM (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM hmj@mit.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Jennings, Hamlin/B-7006-2009 NR 50 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-8846 EI 1873-3948 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 41 IS 7 SI SI BP 727 EP 735 DI 10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.03.025 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 779LW UT WOS:000291780100010 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, Y Luckenbach, JA Goetz, FW Young, G Swanson, P AF Yamamoto, Yoji Luckenbach, J. Adam Goetz, Frederick W. Young, Graham Swanson, Penny TI Disruption of the salmon reproductive endocrine axis through prolonged nutritional stress: Changes in circulating hormone levels and transcripts for ovarian genes involved in steroidogenesis and apoptosis SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apoptosis; Atresia; Fasting; Nutritional stress; Ovary; Steroidogenesis ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; PULP-MILL EFFLUENT; FACTOR IGF SYSTEM; RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; ATLANTIC SALMON AB Mechanisms regulating the normal progression of ovarian follicular growth versus onset of atresia in fishes are poorly understood. To gain a better understanding of these processes, we exposed immature female coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to prolonged fasting to induce follicular atresia and monitored body growth, development of the ovarian follicles, changes in reproductive hormones, and transcripts for ovarian genes. Prolonged fasting reduced body and ovary weight and increased the appearance of atretic follicles relative to normally fed controls. Endocrine analyses showed that fasting reduced plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), estradiol-17 beta (E2), and pituitary, but not plasma, levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Transcripts for ovarian fsh receptor (fshr) and steroidogenesis-related genes, such as steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (star), 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (hsd3b), and P450 aromatase (cyp19a1a) were significantly lower in fasted fish. Ovarian expression of apoptosis-related genes, such as Fas-associated death domain (fadd), caspase 8 (casp8), caspase 3 (casp3), and caspase 9 (casp9) were significantly elevated in fasted fish compared to fed fish, indicating that apoptosis is involved in the process of atresia in this species. Interestingly, some genes such as fadd, casp8, casp3, and hsd3b, were differentially expressed prior to increases in the number of atretic follicles and reductions in hormone levels induced by fasting, and may therefore have potential as early indicators of atresia. Together these results suggest that prolonged nutritional stress may disrupt the reproductive system and induce follicular atresia in part via reductions in ovarian IGF and FSH signaling, and downstream effects on steroidogenesis-related genes and E2 production. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Yamamoto, Yoji; Luckenbach, J. Adam; Swanson, Penny] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Yamamoto, Yoji; Young, Graham] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Goetz, Frederick W.] Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes WATER Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [Young, Graham; Swanson, Penny] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 98164 USA. RP Swanson, P (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM penny.swanson@noaa.gov RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010; Yamamoto, Yoji/O-1958-2014 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X; FU Washington Sea Grant [R/B-49] FX We thank J.T. Dickey and K.A. Cooper (Northwest Fisheries Science Center) for their assistance with this work. This research is funded by Washington Sea Grant project No. R/B-49. NR 94 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 53 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JUL 1 PY 2011 VL 172 IS 3 BP 331 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.03.017 PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 779EX UT WOS:000291762000002 PM 21447335 ER PT J AU Roebben, G Ramirez-Garcia, S Hackley, VA Roesslein, M Klaessig, F Kestens, V Lynch, I Garner, CM Rawle, A Elder, A Colvin, VL Kreyling, W Krug, HF Lewicka, ZA McNeil, S Nel, A Patri, A Wick, P Wiesner, M Xia, T Oberdorster, G Dawson, KA AF Roebben, G. Ramirez-Garcia, S. Hackley, V. A. Roesslein, M. Klaessig, F. Kestens, V. Lynch, I. Garner, C. M. Rawle, A. Elder, A. Colvin, V. L. Kreyling, W. Krug, H. F. Lewicka, Z. A. McNeil, S. Nel, A. Patri, A. Wick, P. Wiesner, M. Xia, T. Oberdoerster, G. Dawson, K. A. TI Interlaboratory comparison of size and surface charge measurements on nanoparticles prior to biological impact assessment SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticle; Particle surface charge; Interlaboratory comparison; Reproducibility; Polydispersity; Toxicology; Health and safety implications ID LIGHT-SCATTERING AB The International Alliance for NanoEHS Harmonization (IANH) organises interlaboratory comparisons of methods used to study the potential biological impacts of nanomaterials. The aim of IANH is to identify and reduce or remove sources of variability and irreproducibility in existing protocols. Here, we present results of the first IANH round robin studies into methods to assess the size and surface charge of suspended nanoparticles. The test materials used (suspensions of gold, silica, polystyrene, and ceria nanoparticles, with [primary] particles sizes between 10 nm and 80 nm) were first analysed in repeatability conditions to assess the possible contribution of between-sample heterogeneity to the between-laboratory variability. Reproducibility of the selected methods was investigated in an interlaboratory comparison between ten different laboratories in the USA and Europe. Robust statistical analysis was used to evaluate within- and between-laboratory variability. It is shown that, if detailed shipping, measurement, and reporting protocols are followed, measurement of the hydrodynamic particle diameter of nanoparticles in predispersed monomodal suspensions using the dynamic light scattering method is reproducible. On the other hand, measurements of more polydisperse suspensions of nanoparticle aggregates or agglomerates were not reproducible between laboratories. Ultrasonication, which is commonly used to prepare dispersions before cell exposures, was observed to further increase variability. The variability of the zeta potential values, which were also measured, indicates the need to define better surface charge test protocols and to identify sources of variability. C1 [Roebben, G.; Kestens, V.] European Commiss, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Joint Res Ctr, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Ramirez-Garcia, S.; Lynch, I.; Dawson, K. A.] Univ Coll Dublin, Ctr BioNano Interact, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Hackley, V. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Roesslein, M.; Krug, H. F.; Wick, P.] EMPA, Gallen, Switzerland. [Klaessig, F.] Penn Bio Nano Syst LLC, Doylestown, PA 18902 USA. [Garner, C. M.] Garner Nanotechnol Solut, Pleasanton, CA 94566 USA. [Rawle, A.] Malvern Instruments Inc, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. [Elder, A.; Oberdoerster, G.] Univ Rochester, Dept Environm Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Colvin, V. L.; Lewicka, Z. A.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Kreyling, W.] Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Inst Lung Biol & Dis, D-85764 Munich, Germany. [McNeil, S.; Patri, A.] SAIC Frederick Inc, Nanotechnol Characterizat Lab, Adv Technol Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Nel, A.; Xia, T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Nano Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Wiesner, M.] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Roebben, G (reprint author), European Commiss, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Joint Res Ctr, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. EM gert.roebben@ec.europa.eu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, NCL/K-8454-2012; xia, tian/C-3158-2013; Nel, Andre/J-2808-2012; Lynch, Iseult/I-3915-2014; Dawson, Kenneth A./L-2540-2016; Kestens, Vikram/N-3130-2016; OI xia, tian/0000-0003-0123-1305; Lynch, Iseult/0000-0003-4250-4584; Dawson, Kenneth A./0000-0002-0568-6588; Kestens, Vikram/0000-0003-2651-4248; Kreyling, Wolfgang/0000-0002-0702-6567 FU NIEHS [RC2 ES018741, R01 ES016746, RC2 ES018766]; NSF; EPA [EF 0830117]; EU; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health [N01-CO-12400]; German Research Foundation (DFG); Focus Project [SPP1313]; [NCI R01 CA134218]; [SFI 07 SRC B1155]; [NMP4-SL-2008-214547] FX The authors are grateful for the input and feedback received from Nancy Corson and Dr. Morton Ehrenberg (Rochester) and Dr. Stijn Put (Umicore). This work was supported through funding from different sources (NCI R01 CA134218 (A.E.), NIEHS RC2 ES018741 (A.E.,G.O.), NSF and EPA EF 0830117, NIEHS R01 ES016746, and NIEHS RC2 ES018766 (A.N.), SFI 07 SRC B1155 (K.D., I.L., S.R.), EU FP6 NanoInteract (KD, IL, SR), federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, contract N01-CO-12400 (S.M., A.P.), German Research Foundation (DFG), Focus Project SPP1313 and EU FP7 Project NeuroNano, NMP4-SL-2008-214547 (W. K.)). The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or the European Commission. NR 21 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 8 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 13 IS 7 BP 2675 EP 2687 DI 10.1007/s11051-011-0423-y PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 778YZ UT WOS:000291746600001 ER PT J AU MacCuspie, RI AF MacCuspie, Robert I. TI Colloidal stability of silver nanoparticles in biologically relevant conditions SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Silver nanoparticles; BSA-coated nanoparticles; Nanomaterial dispersion protocol; Nanomaterial characterization ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; NANO-SILVER; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PROTEIN CORONA; IN-VITRO; EXPOSURE; NANOTUBES; AG; NANOMATERIALS; TOXICITY AB Understanding the colloidal stability of nanoparticles (NPs) plays a key role in phenomenological interpretation of toxicological experiments, particularly if single NPs or their aggregates or agglomerates determine the dominant experimental result. This report examines a variety of instrumental techniques for surveying the colloidal stability of aqueous suspensions of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), including atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and colorimetry. It was found that colorimetry can adequately determine the concentration of single AgNPs that remained in solution if morphological information about agglomerates is not required. The colloidal stability of AgNPs with various surface capping agents and in various solvents ranging from cell culture media to different electrolytes of several concentrations, and in different pH conditions was determined. It was found that biocompatible bulky capping agents, such as bovine serum albumin or starch, that provided steric colloidal stabilization, as opposed to purely electrostatic stabilization such as with citrate AgNPs, provided better retention of single AgNPs in solution over a variety of conditions for up to 64 h of observation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP MacCuspie, RI (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.maccuspie@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; OI MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499 NR 90 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 74 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 EI 1572-896X J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 13 IS 7 BP 2893 EP 2908 DI 10.1007/s11051-010-0178-x PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 778YZ UT WOS:000291746600023 ER PT J AU Muralikrishnan, B Ren, W Everett, D Stanfield, E Doiron, T AF Muralikrishnan, Bala Ren, Wei Everett, Dennis Stanfield, Eric Doiron, Ted TI Dimensional metrology of bipolar fuel cell plates using laser spot triangulation probes SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dimensional metrology; fuel cell; laser triangulation ID PROBING SYSTEMS AB As in any engineering component, manufacturing a bipolar fuel cell plate for a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) hydrogen fuel cell power stack to within its stated design tolerances is critical in achieving the intended function. In a bipolar fuel cell plate, the dimensional features of interest include channel width, channel height, channel parallelism, side wall taper, straightness of the bottom or side walls, plate parallelism, etc. Such measurements can be performed on coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) with micro-probes that can access the narrow channels. While CMM measurements provide high accuracy (less than 1 mu m), they are often very slow (taking several hours to measure a single plate) and unsuitable for the manufacturing environment. In this context, we describe a system for rapid dimensional measurement of bipolar fuel cell plates using two laser spot triangulation probes that can achieve comparable accuracies to those of a touch probe CMM, while offering manufacturers the possibility for 100% part inspection. We discuss the design of the system, present our approach to calibrating system parameters, present validation data, compare bipolar fuel cell plate measurement results with those obtained using a Mitutoyo UMAP (see footnote 1) fiber probe CMM, and finally describe the uncertainty in channel height and width measurements. C1 [Muralikrishnan, Bala; Ren, Wei; Everett, Dennis; Stanfield, Eric; Doiron, Ted] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mech Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Muralikrishnan, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mech Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM balam@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU Department of Energy [DE-EE0001047] FX We thank Patrick Egan for his help with the electronics, and Daniel Sawyer and Ronnie Fesperman for reviewing the manuscript. We also thank the associates of Keyence Corp., National Instruments Inc. and Aerotech Inc., for their assistance. This work was funded by the Department of Energy's Hydrogen Program (project title: Metrology for Fuel Cell Manufacturing, NIST award #DE-EE0001047). NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 22 IS 7 AR 075102 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/22/7/075102 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 777YG UT WOS:000291660500003 ER PT J AU Liao, ZH Hong, Y Kirschbaum, D Adler, RF Gourley, JJ Wooten, R AF Liao, Zonghu Hong, Yang Kirschbaum, Dalia Adler, Robert F. Gourley, Jonathan J. Wooten, Rick TI Evaluation of TRIGRS (transient rainfall infiltration and grid-based regional slope-stability analysis)'s predictive skill for hurricane-triggered landslides: a case study in Macon County, North Carolina SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Landslide; Hurricane; Hazard prediction; LiDAR ID SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; DEBRIS FLOWS; MODEL AB The key to advancing the predictability of rainfall-triggered landslides is to use physically based slope-stability models that simulate the transient dynamical response of the subsurface moisture to spatiotemporal variability of rainfall in complex terrains. TRIGRS (transient rainfall infiltration and grid-based regional slope-stability analysis) is a USGS landslide prediction model, coded in Fortran, that accounts for the influences of hydrology, topography, and soil physics on slope stability. In this study, we quantitatively evaluate the spatiotemporal predictability of a Matlab version of TRIGRS (MaTRIGRS) in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Macon County, North Carolina where Hurricanes Ivan triggered widespread landslides in the 2004 hurricane season. High resolution digital elevation model (DEM) data (6-m LiDAR), USGS STATSGO soil database, and NOAA/NWS combined radar and gauge precipitation are used as inputs to the model. A local landslide inventory database from North Carolina Geological Survey is used to evaluate the MaTRIGRS' predictive skill for the landslide locations and timing, identifying predictions within a 120-m radius of observed landslides over the 30-h period of Hurricane Ivan's passage in September 2004. Results show that within a radius of 24 m from the landslide location about 67% of the landslide, observations could be successfully predicted but with a high false alarm ratio (90%). If the radius of observation is extended to 120 m, 98% of the landslides are detected with an 18% false alarm ratio. This study shows that MaTRIGRS demonstrates acceptable spatiotemporal predictive skill for landslide occurrences within a 120-m radius in space and a hurricane-event-duration (h) in time, offering the potential to serve as a landslide warning system in areas where accurate rainfall forecasts and detailed field data are available. The validation can be further improved with additional landslide information including the exact time of failure for each landslide and the landslide's extent and run out length. C1 [Liao, Zonghu; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Nat Hazard & Disaster Res, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Natl Weather Ctr Suite 3630, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kirschbaum, Dalia; Adler, Robert F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA Natl Severe Storm Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Wooten, Rick] N Carolina Geol Survey, Swannanoa, NC 28778 USA. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Nat Hazard & Disaster Res, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Natl Weather Ctr Suite 3630, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 FU NASA; Remote Sensing Hydrology group at University of Oklahoma FX The authors wish to thank USGS scientists make the TRIGRS materials available for research community. We also thank Rick Wooten and Anne Witt for providing critical data used in this study. We also thank Dave Jorgensen for letting the first author operating NOSS/NSSL mobile radars and learning the radar QPE algorithms. Financial support for the first author is from NASA Headquarter Applied Science Program and from Remote Sensing Hydrology group at University of Oklahoma (http://hydro.ou.edu). NR 21 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD JUL PY 2011 VL 58 IS 1 BP 325 EP 339 DI 10.1007/s11069-010-9670-y PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 778IC UT WOS:000291696300019 ER PT J AU Barberopoulou, A Legg, MR Uslu, B Synolakis, CE AF Barberopoulou, Aggeliki Legg, Mark R. Uslu, Burak Synolakis, Costas E. TI Reassessing the tsunami risk in major ports and harbors of California I: San Diego SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Tsunamis; San Diego; Tsunami currents; Hazard mitigation ID LOS-ANGELES BASIN; CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; BARBARA CHANNEL; FAULT ZONE; JULY 1986; EARTHQUAKE; EVOLUTION; OCEANSIDE; HAZARDS AB We assess tsunami hazards in San Diego Bay, California, using newly identified offshore tsunami sources and recently available high resolution bathymetric/topographic data. Using MOST (Titov and Synolakis, J Waterways Port Coastal Ocean Eng ASCE 124(4):57-171, 1998), we simulate locally, regionally and distant-generated tsunamis. Local tsunami source models use more realistic fault and landslide data than previous efforts. With the exception of the Alaska-Aleutian Trench, modeling results suggest that local sources are responsible for the largest waves within the San Diego Bay and Mission Bay. Because San Diego Bay is relatively well protected by North Island and the Silver Strand, the wave heights predicted are consistently smaller inside the harbor than outside. However, historical accounts, recent tsunamis and our predictions show that San Diego Bay is vulnerable to strong tsunami induced currents. More specifically, large currents are expected inside the harbor for various distant and local tsunami sources with estimated flow velocities exceeding 100 cm/s. Such currents have been damaging to harbor facilities, such as wharves and piers, and may cause boats to break from moorings and ram into adjacent harbor structures, as observed in recent historic tsunamis. More recently, following the M (w) 8.8 February 27, 2010 Chile earthquake, tsunami-currents damaged docks/piers in Shelter Island confirming our findings. We note that the first generation of inundation maps in use in San Diego County by emergency management was based on much larger "worst case but realistic scenarios" (Synolakis et al. 2002a), which reflected the understanding of offshore hazards pervasive ten years ago. Large inundation and overland flow depths were observed primarily in local tsunami source simulations. In particular, locally induced tsunamis appear capable to overtop the Silver Strand. The results suggest that further work needs to be carried out with respect to local tsunami sources as they seem to have worse impact in the San Diego region than previously thought but probably low probability of occurrence. We also predict that a coastal community can be devastated simultaneously by large waves inundating shores and large currents in locations with small flow depths. C1 [Barberopoulou, Aggeliki; Synolakis, Costas E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Legg, Mark R.] Legg Geophys, Huntington Beach, CA 92647 USA. [Uslu, Burak] NOAA Ctr Tsunami Res, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Barberopoulou, A (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM barberop@usc.edu; mrlegg@verizon.net; Burak.Uslu@noaa.gov RI Synolakis, Costas/B-3197-2008; Barberopoulou, Aggeliki/C-5903-2014 OI Synolakis, Costas/0000-0003-0140-5379; NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD JUL PY 2011 VL 58 IS 1 BP 479 EP 496 DI 10.1007/s11069-010-9681-8 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 778IC UT WOS:000291696300027 ER PT J AU Percival, DB Denbo, DW Eble, MC Gica, E Mofjeld, HO Spillane, MC Tang, LJ Titov, VV AF Percival, Donald B. Denbo, Donald W. Eble, Marie C. Gica, Edison Mofjeld, Harold O. Spillane, Michael C. Tang, Liujuan Titov, Vasily V. TI Extraction of tsunami source coefficients via inversion of DART (R) buoy data SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami forecasting; Tsunami source estimation; DART (R) data inversion; 2006 Kuril Islands tsunami; Tsunameter AB The ability to accurately forecast potential hazards posed to coastal communities by tsunamis generated seismically in both the near and far field requires knowledge of so-called source coefficients, from which the strength of a tsunami can be deduced. Seismic information alone can be used to set the source coefficients, but the values so derived reflect the dynamics of movement at or below the seabed and hence might not accurately describe how this motion is manifested in the overlaying water column. We describe here a method for refining source coefficient estimates based on seismic information by making use of data from Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART (R)) buoys (tsunameters). The method involves using these data to adjust precomputed models via an inversion algorithm so that residuals between the adjusted models and the DART (R) data are as small as possible in a least squares sense. The inversion algorithm is statistically based and hence has the ability to assess uncertainty in the estimated source coefficients. We describe this inversion algorithm in detail and apply it to the November 2006 Kuril Islands event as a case study. C1 [Percival, Donald B.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Denbo, Donald W.; Eble, Marie C.; Gica, Edison; Mofjeld, Harold O.; Spillane, Michael C.; Tang, Liujuan; Titov, Vasily V.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Denbo, Donald W.; Gica, Edison; Mofjeld, Harold O.; Spillane, Michael C.; Tang, Liujuan; Titov, Vasily V.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Percival, DB (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Box 355640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dbp@apl.washington.edu RI Spillane, Michael/I-7870-2015; OI Spillane, Michael/0000-0003-0794-5675; Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 NR 30 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD JUL PY 2011 VL 58 IS 1 BP 567 EP 590 DI 10.1007/s11069-010-9688-1 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 778IC UT WOS:000291696300032 ER PT J AU Curtis, LR Garzon, CB Arkoosh, M Collier, T Myers, MS Buzitis, J Hahn, ME AF Curtis, Lawrence R. Garzon, Claudia B. Arkoosh, Mary Collier, Tracy Myers, Mark S. Buzitis, Jon Hahn, Mark E. TI Reduced cytochrome P4501A activity and recovery from oxidative stress during subchronic benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[e]pyrene treatment of rainbow trout SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cytochrome P4501A activity; Oxidative stress; Benzo[a]pyrene; Benzo[e]pyrene; Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; Biliary excretion; Fish ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; COMET ASSAY; DNA-DAMAGE; AH-RECEPTOR; BINDING; INDUCTION; LIVER; BENZO(A)PYRENE; METABOLISM; EXPOSURE AB This study assessed the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) affinity, and cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) protein and activity in polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-induced oxidative stress. In the 1-100 nM concentration range benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) but not benzo[e]pyrene (BeP) competitively displaced 2 nM [(3)IH]2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin from rainbow trout AHR2 alpha. Based on appearance of fluorescent aromatic compounds in bile over 3, 7, 14, 28 or 50 days of feeding 3 kg of BaP or BeP/g fish/day, rainbow trout liver readily excreted these polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their metabolites at near steady state rates. CYP1A proteins catalyzed more than 98% of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in rainbow trout hepatic microsomes. EROD activity of hepatic microsomes initially increased and then decreased to control activities after 50 days of feeding both PAHs. Immunohistochemistry of liver confirmed CYP1A protein increased in fish fed both PAHs after 3 days and remained elevated for up to 28 days. Neither BaP nor BeP increased hepatic DNA adduct concentrations at any time up to 50 days of feeding these PAHs. Comet assays of blood cells demonstrated marked DNA damage after 14 days of feeding both PAHs that was not significant after 50 days. There was a strong positive correlation between hepatic EROD activity and DNA damage in blood cells over time for both PAHs. Neither CYP1A protein nor 3-nitrotyrosine (a biomarker for oxidative stress) immunostaining in trunk kidney were significantly altered by BaP or BeP after 3, 7, 14, or 28 days. There was no clear association between AHR2 alpha affinity and BaP and BeP-induced oxidative stress. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Curtis, Lawrence R.; Garzon, Claudia B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Arkoosh, Mary] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR USA. [Collier, Tracy; Myers, Mark S.; Buzitis, Jon] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hahn, Mark E.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Curtis, LR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM larry.curtis@oregonstate.edu OI Hahn, Mark/0000-0003-4358-2082 FU Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, Northwest Fisheries Science Center; National Institute of Health [RO1E5006272] FX The Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, and RO1E5006272 from the National Institute of Health supported this work. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 30 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL 1 PY 2011 VL 254 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2011.04.015 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 779KU UT WOS:000291777300001 PM 21550360 ER PT J AU Molloy, J Sieber, J AF Molloy, John Sieber, John TI Assessing microscale heterogeneity in batches of reference materials using microbeam XRF SO X-RAY SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID MU-XRF; MICROHETEROGENEITY AB Principal component analysis (PCA), microbeam X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (mu XRF), and Monte Carlo simulations are used to illustrate a methodology for assessing the sample microheterogeneity for large sets of materials. PCA is demonstrated to determine a minimum sample size that can be used without concern that sample heterogeneity is contributing significantly to measurement uncertainty. Sampling methodology is critical for constructing an accurate PCA model of material heterogeneity, and the amount of data required is discussed using both empirical data and simulated data generated using a Monte Carlo approach. Random data collection is compared to rastering across a sample as typically done with microanalytical techniques. The use of random data collection is shown to reduce analysis time by one order of magnitude for some samples without significantly reducing the quality of data for estimating minimum sample size. Examples are shown for Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1635a Trace Elements in Coal (subbituminous) and SRM 1729 Tin Alloy (97Sn-3Pb) with estimated minimum sample sizes of 2 mg and 640 mu g, respectively. Published 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Molloy, John; Sieber, John] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Molloy, J (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8391, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.molloy@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX Certain commercial equipment and software are named in this paper for the purpose of adequately specifying the experimental conditions. Such descriptions do not constitute endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor do they imply that the equipment and software are necessarily the best for the purposes described. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0049-8246 J9 X-RAY SPECTROM JI X-Ray Spectrom. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 40 IS 4 BP 306 EP 314 DI 10.1002/xrs.1333 PG 9 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 777DM UT WOS:000291595400013 ER PT J AU Dunkers, JP Lee, HJ Matos, MA Pakstis, LM Taboas, JM Hudson, SD Cicerone, MT AF Dunkers, J. P. Lee, H-J. Matos, M. A. Pakstis, L. M. Taboas, J. M. Hudson, S. D. Cicerone, M. T. TI Effect of surface modification on protein retention and cell proliferation under strain SO ACTA BIOMATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Equibiaxial strain; Laminin; Polydimethylsiloxane; Smooth muscle cells; X-ray reflectivity ID VASCULAR SMOOTH-MUSCLE; X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; FIBRONECTIN ADSORPTION; IN-VITRO; LAMININ; MEMBRANES; ADHESION; NETWORK; PEPTIDE; BILAYER AB When culturing cells on flexible surfaces, it is important to consider extracellular matrix treatments that will remain on the surface under mechanical strain. Here we investigate differences in laminin deposited on oxidized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with plasma treatment (plasma-only) vs. plasma and aminopropyltrimethoxysilane treatment (silane-linked). We use specular X-ray reflectivity (SXR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunofluorescence to probe the quantity and uniformity of laminin. The surface coverage of laminin is approximately 45% for the plasma-only and 50% for the silane-linked treatment as determined by SXR. TEM and immunofluorescence reveal additional islands of laminin aggregates on the plasma-only PDMS compared with the relatively smooth and uniform silane-linked laminin surface. We also examine laminin retention under strain and vascular smooth muscle cell viability and proliferation under static and strain conditions. Equibiaxial stretching of the PDMS surfaces shows greatly improved retention of the silane-linked laminin over plasma-only. There are significantly more cells on the silane-linked surface after 4 days of equibiaxial strain. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Dunkers, J. P.; Lee, H-J.; Matos, M. A.; Pakstis, L. M.; Hudson, S. D.; Cicerone, M. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Taboas, J. M.] NIAMSD, Cartilage Biol & Orthoped Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Dunkers, JP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joy.dunkers@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7061 J9 ACTA BIOMATER JI Acta Biomater. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 7 IS 7 BP 2902 EP 2909 DI 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.04.005 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 785JT UT WOS:000292226000015 PM 21515419 ER PT J AU Lu, HJ Qin, X Yao, MM Gao, ST AF Lu Huijuan Qin Xu Yao Mingming Gao Shouting TI Time-expanded sampling for ensemble-based filters: Assimilation experiments with real radar observations SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ensemble-based filter; radar data assimilation; time-expanded sampling; super-observation ID MEASURING INFORMATION-CONTENT; KALMAN FILTER; MIGRATING BIRDS; PART II; OKLAHOMA; MODEL; SUPERCELL; WSR-88D; IMPACT; ERROR AB By sampling perturbed state vectors from each ensemble prediction run at properly selected time levels in the vicinity of the analysis time, the recently proposed time-expanded sampling approach can enlarge the ensemble size without increasing the number of prediction runs and, hence, can reduce the computational cost of an ensemble-based filter. In this study, this approach is tested for the first time with real radar data from a tornadic thunderstorm. In particular, four assimilation experiments were performed to test the time-expanded sampling method against the conventional ensemble sampling method used by ensemble-based filters. In these experiments, the ensemble square-root filter (EnSRF) was used with 45 ensemble members generated by the time-expanded sampling and conventional sampling from 15 and 45 prediction runs, respectively, and quality-controlled radar data were compressed into super-observations with properly reduced spatial resolutions to improve the EnSRF performances. The results show that the time-expanded sampling approach not only can reduce the computational cost but also can improve the accuracy of the analysis, especially when the ensemble size is severely limited due to computational constraints for real-radar data assimilation. These potential merits are consistent with those previously demonstrated by assimilation experiments with simulated data. C1 [Qin Xu] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Lu Huijuan] China Meteorol Adm, Res Ctr Numer Predict, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Yao Mingming] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gao Shouting] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. RP Qin, X (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM Qin.Xu@noaa.gov RI AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 FU ONR [N000140410312, N000141010778]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1227] FX We are thankful to Mingjing Tong and Ming Xue for providing the original ARPS EnKF code, to Ming Hu for helping with ARPS simulation, and to Li Wei for providing the COAPMS background fields. The computational resource was provided by the Super-computing Center for Education & Research at the University of Oklahoma. The research work was supported by ONR Grants N000140410312 and N000141010778 to CIMMS, the University of Oklahoma, and by the radar data assimilation projects No. 2008LASW-A01 and No. GYHY200806003 at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Funding was also provided to CIMMS by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement #NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 28 IS 4 BP 743 EP 757 DI 10.1007/s00376-010-0021-4 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 782FN UT WOS:000291994000003 ER PT J AU Gurarie, E Ovaskainen, O AF Gurarie, Eliezer Ovaskainen, Otso TI Characteristic Spatial and Temporal Scales Unify Models of Animal Movement SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE autocorrelation; correlated random walk; diffusion; encounter rates; correlated velocity movement model ID CORRELATED RANDOM-WALK; PATTERNS; SPACE; SIMULATION; DISPERSAL; ENCOUNTER AB Animal movements have been modeled with diffusion at large scales and with more detailed movement models at smaller scales. We argue that the biologically relevant behavior of a wide class of movement models can be efficiently summarized with two parameters: the characteristic temporal and spatial scales of movement. We define these scales so that they describe movement behavior both at short scales (through the velocity autocorrelation function) and at long scales (through the diffusion coefficient). We derive these scales for two types of commonly used movement models: the discrete step correlated random walk, with either constant or random step intervals, and the continuous-time correlated velocity model. For a given set of characteristic scales, the models produce very similar trajectories and encounter rates between moving searchers and stationary targets. Thus, we argue that characteristic scales provide a unifying currency that can be used to parameterize a wide range of ecological phenomena related to movement. C1 [Gurarie, Eliezer; Ovaskainen, Otso] Univ Helsinki, Dept Biosci, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Gurarie, Eliezer] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Gurarie, E (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Biosci, Viikinkaari 1, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM eli.gurarie@noaa.gov RI Ovaskainen, Otso/D-9119-2012; OI Ovaskainen, Otso/0000-0001-9750-4421; Gurarie, Eliezer/0000-0002-8666-9674 FU Academy of Finland [124242]; European Research Council (ERC) [205905] FX The study was supported by the Academy of Finland (grant 124242 to O.O.) and the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant 205905 to O.O.). We are indebted to J. J. Anderson and F. P. N. Laidre for encouraging the pursuit of many of the key ideas and to two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments and in particular for pointing out related results in the literature. The findings and conclusions in the article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 48 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 178 IS 1 BP 113 EP 123 DI 10.1086/660285 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 782VH UT WOS:000292040200012 PM 21670582 ER PT J AU Molders, N Tran, HNQ Quinn, P Sassen, K Shaw, GE Kramm, G AF Moelders, Nicole Tran, Huy N. Q. Quinn, Patricia Sassen, Kenneth Shaw, Glenn E. Kramm, Gerhard TI Assessment of WRF/Chem to simulate sub-Arctic boundary layer characteristics during low solar irradiation using radiosonde, SODAR, and surface data SO ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE WRF/Chem; High-latitudes; SODAR; Stable boundary layer; Aerosol ID GASEOUS DRY DEPOSITION; FORECASTING WRF MODEL; AIR-QUALITY; WEATHER RESEARCH; INTERIOR ALASKA; PARAMETERIZATION; EMISSIONS; SENSITIVITY; PERSPECTIVE; PERFORMANCE AB Data from a Doppler SOund Detection And Ranging (SODAR) device, twice-daily radiosondes, 33 surface meteorological and four aerosol sites were used to assess the ability of the Weather Research and Forecasting model inline coupled with a chemistry package (WRF/Chem) to capture atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) characteristics in Interior Alaska during low solar irradiation (11-01-2005 to 02-28-2006). Biases determined based on all available data from the 33 sites over the entire episode are 1.6 K, 1.8 K, 1.85 m/s, -5 degrees, and 1.2 hPa for temperature, dewpoint temperature, wind-speed, wind-direction, and sea-level pressure, respectively. The SODAR-data reveal that WRF/Chem over/under-estimates wind-speed in the lower (upper) atmospheric boundary layer. WRF/Chem captures the frequency of low-level jets well, but overestimates the strength of moderate low-level jets. Data from the four aerosol sites suggest large underestimation of PM10, and NO3 at the remote sites and PM2.5 at the polluted site. Difficulty in capturing the temporal evolution of aerosol concentrations coincides with difficulty in capturing sudden temperature changes, underestimation of inversion-strengths and timing of frontal passages. Errors in PM2.5 concentrations strongly relate to temperature errors. (c) Author(s) 2011. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. C1 [Moelders, Nicole; Tran, Huy N. Q.; Sassen, Kenneth; Shaw, Glenn E.; Kramm, Gerhard] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Moelders, Nicole; Tran, Huy N. Q.; Sassen, Kenneth] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Coll Nat Sci & Math, Dept Atmospher Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Quinn, Patricia] NOAA PMEL, Ocean Climate Res Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Molders, N (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA. EM molders@gi.alaska.edu RI Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 FU Fairbanks North Star Borough (contract LGFEEQ); NSF [ATM-0630506, ARC0652838] FX We thank J. Fochesatto, T.T. Tran and the anonymous reviewers for fruitful discussion, P.K. Kankanala for the SODAR-measurements, and the NWS Fairbanks for access to use their site. The Fairbanks North Star Borough (contract LGFEEQ) and NSF (contracts ATM-0630506, ARC0652838) provided financial support. Computational support was provided in part by a grant of HPC-resources from the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center at UAF as part of the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU TURKISH NATL COMMITTEE AIR POLLUTION RES & CONTROL-TUNCAP PI BUCA PA DOKUZ EYLUL UNIV, DEPT ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, TINAZTEPE CAMPUS, BUCA, IZMIR 35160, TURKEY SN 1309-1042 J9 ATMOS POLLUT RES JI Atmos. Pollut. Res. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 2 IS 3 BP 283 EP 299 DI 10.5094/APR.2011.035 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 029QV UT WOS:000310511500006 ER PT J AU Fell, H Haynie, A AF Fell, Harrison Haynie, Alan TI ESTIMATING TIME-VARYING BARGAINING POWER: A FISHERY APPLICATION SO ECONOMIC INQUIRY LA English DT Article ID BILATERAL MONOPOLY; MODELS; EQUILIBRIUM AB We propose an unobserved-components-inspired approach to estimate time-varying bargaining power in bilateral bargaining frameworks. We apply the technique to an ex-vessel fish market that changed management systems from a regulated open-access system to an individual fishing quota (IFQ) system over the timespan analyzed. We find that post-IFQ implementation fishers do improve their bargaining power and thus accrue more of the rents generated by the fishery. However, unlike previous studies, we find that fishers do not move to a point of complete rent extraction. Rather, fishers and processors appear to be in a near-symmetric bargaining situation post-IFQ implementation. C1 [Fell, Harrison] Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Haynie, Alan] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fell, H (reprint author), Resources Future Inc, 1616 P St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM fell@rff.org; Alan.Haynie@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0095-2583 J9 ECON INQ JI Econ. Inq. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 49 IS 3 BP 685 EP 696 DI 10.1111/j.1465-7295.2009.00275.x PG 12 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 784OS UT WOS:000292167200004 ER PT J AU Benson, SR Eguchi, T Foley, DG Forney, KA Bailey, H Hitipeuw, C Samber, BP Tapilatu, RF Rei, V Ramohia, P Pita, J Dutton, PH AF Benson, Scott R. Eguchi, Tomoharu Foley, Dave G. Forney, Karin A. Bailey, Helen Hitipeuw, Creusa Samber, Betuel P. Tapilatu, Ricardo F. Rei, Vagi Ramohia, Peter Pita, John Dutton, Peter H. TI Large-scale movements and high-use areas of western Pacific leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE California USA; Dermochelys coriacea; foraging habitat; Indo-Pacific; movements; Papua Barat Indonesia; Papua New Guinea; satellite telemetry; seasonality; Solomon Islands; state-space model; western Pacific leatherback ID LONGLINE FISHING GROUNDS; EAST AUSTRALIAN CURRENT; LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; STATE-SPACE MODELS; CARETTA-CARETTA; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; TASMAN FRONT; INTERNESTING MOVEMENT; FISHERIES BYCATCH AB The western Pacific leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), one of three genetically distinct stocks in the Indo-Pacific region, has declined markedly during past decades. This metapopulation nests year-round at beaches of several western Pacific island nations and has been documented through genetic analysis and telemetry studies to occur in multiple regions of the Pacific Ocean. To provide a large-scale perspective of their movements, high-use areas, and habitat associations, we report and synthesize results of 126 satellite telemetry deployments conducted on leatherbacks at western Pacific nesting beaches and at one eastern Pacific foraging ground during 2000-2007. A Bayesian switching state-space model was applied to raw Argos-acquired surface locations to estimate daily positions and behavioral mode (either transiting or area-restricted search) for each turtle. Monthly areas of high use were identified for post-nesting periods using kernel density estimation. There was a clear separation of migratory destinations for boreal summer vs. boreal winter nesters. Leatherbacks that nested during boreal summer moved into Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) of the temperate North Pacific Ocean or into tropical waters of the South China Sea. Turtles that nested during boreal winter moved into temperate and tropical LMEs of the southern hemisphere. Area-restricted search occurred in temperate and tropical waters at diverse pelagic and coastal regions exhibiting a wide range of oceanographic features, including mesoscale eddies, coastal retention areas, current boundaries, or stationary fronts, all of which are known mechanisms for aggregating leatherback prey. Use of the most distant and temperate foraging ground, the California Current LME, required a 10-12 month trans-Pacific migration and commonly involved multiple years of migrating between high-latitude summer foraging grounds and low-latitude eastern tropical Pacific wintering areas without returning to western Pacific nesting beaches. In contrast, tropical foraging destinations were reached within 5-7 months and appeared to support year-round foraging, potentially allowing a more rapid return to nesting beaches. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that demographic differences are likely among nesting females using different LMEs of the Indo-Pacific. The differences in movements and foraging strategies underscore the importance of and the need for ecosystem-based management and coordinated Pacific-wide conservation efforts. C1 [Benson, Scott R.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Eguchi, Tomoharu; Dutton, Peter H.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Foley, Dave G.] NOAA, Div Environm Res, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Forney, Karin A.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Bailey, Helen] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Hitipeuw, Creusa] World Wide Fund Nat Indonesia, Jakarta 12950, Indonesia. [Samber, Betuel P.] Nat Resources Conservat Off Papua Barat, Dept Forestry, Sorong, Papua Barat Pro, Indonesia. [Tapilatu, Ricardo F.] State Univ Papua, Marine Lab, Manokwari 98314, Papua Barat Pro, Indonesia. [Rei, Vagi] Off Environm & Conservat, Boroko, National Capita, Papua N Guinea. [Ramohia, Peter; Pita, John] Nature Conservancy, Honiara, Solomon Islands. RP Benson, SR (reprint author), NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM Scott.Benson@noaa.gov RI Bailey, Helen/E-6813-2012; OI Bailey, Helen/0000-0001-7445-4687; Tapilatu, Ricardo/0000-0001-5216-104X FU National Marine Fisheries Service (Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Southwest Region, Pacific Islands Region); Office of Protected Resources; Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary; National Marine Fisheries Service [748, 773-1437]; National Marine Sanctuary [GFNMS/MBNMS/CINMS-04-98-A1] FX We wish to acknowledge the assistance of beach patrollers in PNG, SI, and PBI who participated in the tagging activities presented in this study. The authors thank the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) for NatureIndonesia, the Papua Barat-Indonesia Forestry Department (BBKSDA), The State University of PapuaMarine Science Department, The Nature ConservancyPacific Islands, Captain David Tomlinson and crew of the R/V Flamingo Bay, the Tetepare Descendants' Association, and the communities of Lababia (PNG), Saubeba and Wau (PBI) for logistical support at the nesting beaches. The Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), and the PNG and SI Departments of Environment and Conservation provided research permits for work at the nesting beaches. We thank pilots and crew of Aspen Helicopters Inc., aerial observers, in particular Erin LaCasella and Katherine Whitaker, the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories (MLML) Marine Operations Department, particularly Captains John Douglas and Lee Bradford, and Jim Harvey and Scott Hansen of MLML for providing assistance with in-water capture work off California. S. Eckert manufactured the harnesses used for these deployments and was instrumental in developing the in-water capture protocols. We thank Judy St. Leger and Heather Harris for veterinary support in developing leatherback handling guidelines for our in-water capture work. MODIS Chlorophyll data were provided courtesy of the Ocean Biology Products Group at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Pathfinder version 5 data were provided courtesy of NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center and the University of Miami. Sea surface height anomaly data were obtained from AVISO/Centre National d'E tudes Spatiales. QuikSCAT wind data were provided courtesy of the NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology. Financial support and personnel were provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service (Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Southwest Region, Pacific Islands Region, and Office of Protected Resources), and the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Telemetry data analysis was supported in part by the Lenfest Ocean Program. We also thank Barbara Block, Tagging of Pacific Predators program of the Census of Marine Life, for providing some of the transmitters used in this study. Telemetry deployments were conducted under Endangered Species Act permit nos. 1159, 1227, and 1596 using approved animal handling protocols and in conformance with all applicable laws. Aerial support was conducted under National Marine Fisheries Service permit nos. 748 and 773-1437 and National Marine Sanctuary permit nos. GFNMS/MBNMS/CINMS-04-98-A1, and MULTI2002-003. This manuscript was improved by helpful reviews of S. Bograd, W. Perrin, J. Polovina, J. Seminoff, S. Rands, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 100 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 20 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUL PY 2011 VL 2 IS 7 DI 10.1890/ES11-00053.1 PG 27 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V30IX UT WOS:000208810800012 ER PT J AU Ragland, JM Arendt, MD Kucklick, JR Keller, JM AF Ragland, Jared M. Arendt, Michael D. Kucklick, John R. Keller, Jennifer M. TI PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN BLOOD PLASMA OF SATELLITE-TRACKED ADULT MALE LOGGERHEAD SEA TURTLES (CARETTA CARETTA) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Organic contaminants; PCBs; PBDEs; Loggerhead turtle; Satellite tracking ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; UNITED-STATES; ENVIRONMENT; USA; TOXAPHENE; VIRGINIA; HUMANS AB Risks from persistent organic pollutants (POPs) remain largely a mystery for threatened loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). The present study examines regional-scale POP differences in blood plasma from adult male C. caretta based on movement patterns. Turtles were captured near Port Canaveral, Florida, USA, in April of 2006 and 2007 and fitted with satellite transmitters as part of a National Marine Fisheries Service funded project. Residents (n = 9) remained near the capture site, whereas transients (n = 10) migrated northward, becoming established in areas largely from south of Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, to north of Cape May, New Jersey, USA. Blood was sampled from the dorsocervical sinus of each turtle and analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and toxaphenes. Blood plasma concentrations of OCPs and total PBDEs were elevated in transients (p < 0.05) and in some cases were correlated with turtle size. Migratory adults showed an atypical PBDE congener profile relative to other published studies on wildlife, with PBDE 154 being the dominant congener. Additionally, PCB congener patterns differed between groups, with total PCBs slightly elevated in transients. This supports the idea that foraging location can influence exposure to, and patterns of, POPs in highly mobile species such as C. caretta. Understanding patterns of contamination informs wildlife managers about possible health risks to certain subpopulations. The present study is the first to examine POPs in the rarely studied adult male sea turtle and to couple contaminant measurements with satellite tracking. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:1549-1556. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 [Ragland, Jared M.] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. [Arendt, Michael D.] S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Marine Resource Div, Charleston, SC USA. [Kucklick, John R.; Keller, Jennifer M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. RP Ragland, JM (reprint author), Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. EM jaredragland@gmail.com FU SCDNR; College of Charleston; South Carolina Sea Grant; NOAA [NA03NMF4720281] FX We gratefully acknowledge and emphasize the collaborative efforts of SCDNR, College of Charleston, and South Carolina Sea Grant for student financial support, as well as Grice Marine Laboratory, NIST, and Hollings Marine Laboratory for facilities and technical support. Collection could not have been completed without funding provided by NOAA grant NA03NMF4720281 or the efforts of numerous SCDNR personnel (notably Al Segars, the project PI during sample collection) and the captain and crew of the R/V Georgia Bulldog (L. Parker, M. Higgins, J. Dickey). Lacking any of these contributions, this project could not have been completed. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this article to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1549 EP 1556 DI 10.1002/etc.540 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 782JL UT WOS:000292004400007 PM 21509805 ER PT J AU Alava, JJ Keller, JM Wyneken, J Crowder, L Scott, G Kucklick, JR AF Alava, Juan Jose Keller, Jennifer M. Wyneken, Jeanette Crowder, Larry Scott, Geoffrey Kucklick, John R. TI GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION OF PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN EGGS OF THREATENED LOGGERHEAD SEA TURTLES (CARETTA CARETTA) FROM SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Reptile; Egg; Lipid; Contaminant; Organohalogen ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; UPPER HUDSON RIVER; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SNAPPING TURTLES; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION; AMERICAN ALLIGATORS; CHELYDRA-SERPENTINA; MATERNAL TRANSFER; FLAME RETARDANTS; NEW-YORK AB Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are recognized manmade threats to sea turtle populations, but substantial uncertainty exists surrounding their exposure to contaminants and their sensitivity to toxic effects. This uncertainty creates difficulty for conservation managers to make informed decisions for the recovery of these threatened species. To provide baseline concentrations and spatial comparisons, we measured a large suite of POPs in loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) egg yolk samples collected from 44 nests in three distinct U.S. locations: North Carolina (NC), eastern Florida (E FL), and western Florida (W FL). The POPs included polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), chlordanes, mirex, dieldin, hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene, and toxaphene congeners, as well as polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners (PBDEs). Persistent organic pollutant concentrations were lowest in W FL, intermediate in E FL, and highest in NC egg samples, with several statistically significant spatial differences. This increasing gradient along the southeast coast around the Florida peninsula to North Carolina was explained partly by the foraging site selection of the nesting females. Data from previous tracking studies show that NC nesting females feed primarily along the U.S. eastern coast, whereas W FL nesting females forage in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. The E FL nesting females forage in areas that overlap these two. The foraging site selection also results in exposure to different patterns of POPs. An unusual PBDE pattern was seen in the NC samples, with nearly equal contributions of PBDE congeners 47,100, and 154. These findings are important to managers assessing threats among different stocks or subpopulations of this threatened species. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:1677-1688. (C) 2011 SETAC C1 [Keller, Jennifer M.; Kucklick, John R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Alava, Juan Jose; Scott, Geoffrey] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC USA. [Wyneken, Jeanette] Florida Atlantic Univ, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Crowder, Larry] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Keller, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. EM jennifer.keller@noaa.gov RI Alava, Juan Jose/A-7731-2015 OI Alava, Juan Jose/0000-0002-6312-7776 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [R82-9094]; Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Ocean Service FX The authors thank Stacy Vander Pol (National Institute of Standards and Technology) for technical assistance, and all who participated in egg collection during the sex ratio project, including J. Marsh, C. McClellan, M. Rush, K. Blair, L. Stokes, K. Stewart, M. Godfrey, J. Cordes, J. Foote, K. Rusenko, C. Johnson, M. Bresette, R. Herren, S. Kubis Hargrove, K. Roberts, and D. Bagley. This study would not have been possible without the efforts of many volunteers and staff from Duke University, Florida Atlantic University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Cape Lookout National Seashore, Mote Marine Laboratory, Gumbo Limbo Nature Center, Marine life Center of Juno Beach, Quantum Resources at the St. Lucie Power Plant, and University of Central Florida. The sex ratio project was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR grant R82-9094 (to J. Wyneken and L. Crowder). Academic support and funding for J.J. Alava was provided by the Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the National Ocean Service. Certain commercial equipment or instruments are identified in the paper to specify adequately the experimental procedures. Such identification does not imply recommendations or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the equipment or instruments are the best available for the purpose. This publication does not constitute an endorsement of any commercial product or intend to be an opinion beyond scientific or other results obtained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). No reference shall be made to NOAA, or this publication furnished by NOAA, to any advertising or sales promotion which would indicate or imply that NOAA recommends or endorses any proprietary product mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an interest to cause the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this publication. NR 38 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1677 EP 1688 DI 10.1002/etc.553 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 782JL UT WOS:000292004400024 PM 21509807 ER PT J AU Taher, L McGaughey, DM Maragh, S Aneas, I Bessling, SL Miller, W Nobrega, MA McCallion, AS Ovcharenko, I AF Taher, Leila McGaughey, David M. Maragh, Samantha Aneas, Ivy Bessling, Seneca L. Miller, Webb Nobrega, Marcelo A. McCallion, Andrew S. Ovcharenko, Ivan TI Genome-wide identification of conserved regulatory function in diverged sequences SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION-FACTOR-BINDING; NONCODING DNA; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; HEART ENHANCERS; EVOLUTION; ELEMENTS; SITES; ALIGNMENT; DROSOPHILA AB Plasticity of gene regulatory encryption can permit DNA sequence divergence without loss of function. Functional information is preserved through conservation of the composition of transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) in a regulatory element. We have developed a method that can accurately identify pairs of functional noncoding orthologs at evolutionarily diverged loci by searching for conserved TFBS arrangements. With an estimated 5% false-positive rate (FPR) in approximately 3000 human and zebrafish syntenic loci, we detected approximately 300 pairs of diverged elements that are likely to share common ancestry and have similar regulatory activity. By analyzing a pool of experimentally validated human enhancers, we demonstrated that 7/8 (88%) of their predicted functional orthologs retained in vivo regulatory control. Moreover, in 5/7 (71%) of assayed enhancer pairs, we observed concordant expression patterns. We argue that TFBS composition is often necessary to retain and sufficient to predict regulatory function in the absence of overt sequence conservation, revealing an entire class of functionally conserved, evolutionarily diverged regulatory elements that we term "covert.'' C1 [McGaughey, David M.; Maragh, Samantha; Bessling, Seneca L.; McCallion, Andrew S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol & Comparat Pathobiol, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Taher, Leila; Ovcharenko, Ivan] NIH, Computat Biol Branch, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. [Maragh, Samantha] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Aneas, Ivy; Nobrega, Marcelo A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Human Genet, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Miller, Webb] Penn State Univ, Ctr Comparat Genom & Bioinformat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP McCallion, AS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol & Comparat Pathobiol, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM andy@jhmi.edu; ovcharei@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov FU NIH; National Library of Medicine; National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke (NINDS, NIH) [R01 NS062972] FX We gratefully acknowledge three anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Library of Medicine to I.O.; and by the National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke (R01 NS062972; NINDS, NIH) to A. S. M. Disclaimer: Certain commercial equipment or materials are identified in this report to specify adequately the experimental procedures. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 75 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 11 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1139 EP 1149 DI 10.1101/gr.119016.110 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 786IM UT WOS:000292298000014 PM 21628450 ER PT J AU Collilieux, X Metivier, L Altamimi, Z van Dam, T Ray, J AF Collilieux, Xavier Metivier, Laurent Altamimi, Zuheir van Dam, Tonie Ray, Jim TI Quality assessment of GPS reprocessed terrestrial reference frame SO GPS SOLUTIONS LA English DT Article DE GNSS; Terrestrial reference frames; Loading; Geocenter motion; Systematic errors ID MODEL; SERVICE; OFFSETS; SYSTEM AB The International GNSS Service (IGS) contributes to the construction of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) by submitting time series of station positions and Earth Rotation Parameters (ERP). For the first time, its submission to the ITRF2008 construction is based on a combination of entirely reprocessed GPS solutions delivered by 11 Analysis Centers (ACs). We analyze the IGS submission and four of the individual AC contributions in terms of the GNSS frame origin and scale, station position repeatability and time series seasonal variations. We show here that the GPS Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF) origin is consistent with Satellite laser Ranging (SLR) at the centimeter level with a drift lower than 1 mm/year. Although the scale drift compared to Very Long baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and SLR mean scale is smaller than 0.4 mm/year, we think that it would be premature to use that information in the ITRF scale definition due to its strong dependence on the GPS satellite and ground antenna phase center variations. The new position time series also show a better repeatability compared to past IGS combined products and their annual variations are shown to be more consistent with loading models. The comparison of GPS station positions and velocities to those of VLBI via local ties in co-located sites demonstrates that the IGS reprocessed solution submitted to the ITRF2008 is more reliable and precise than any of the past submissions. However, we show that some of the remaining inconsistencies between GPS and VLBI positioning may be caused by uncalibrated GNSS radomes. C1 [Collilieux, Xavier; Metivier, Laurent; Altamimi, Zuheir] IGN LAREG, F-77455 Marne La Vallee 2, France. [Collilieux, Xavier; Metivier, Laurent; Altamimi, Zuheir] GRGS, F-77455 Marne La Vallee 2, France. [van Dam, Tonie] Univ Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg. [Ray, Jim] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Collilieux, X (reprint author), IGN LAREG, 6-8 Ave Blaise Pascal, F-77455 Marne La Vallee 2, France. EM xavier.collilieux@ign.fr; laurent.metivier@ign.fr; zuheir.altamimi@ign.fr; tonie.vandam@uni.lu; jim.ray@noaa.gov RI Metivier, Laurent/A-5003-2011 FU CNES FX This work was partly funded by the CNES through a TOSCA grant. Figures 1 and 2 have been made with the General Mapping Tool (GMT) software available at http://gmt.soest.hawaii.edu/ under the GNU General Public License. Corrections made by Alfred Leick and the two anonymous reviewers are acknowledged. NR 42 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1080-5370 EI 1521-1886 J9 GPS SOLUT JI GPS Solut. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 15 IS 3 BP 219 EP 231 DI 10.1007/s10291-010-0184-6 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 785FG UT WOS:000292212200003 ER PT J AU Moore, SK Mantua, NJ Salathe, EP AF Moore, Stephanie K. Mantua, Nathan J. Salathe, Eric P., Jr. TI Past trends and future scenarios for environmental conditions favoring the accumulation of paralytic shellfish toxins in Puget Sound shellfish SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Alexandrium catenella; Climate change; Harmful algal bloom window of opportunity; Paralytic shellfish toxins; Paralytic shellfish poisoning; Puget Sound ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; CLIMATE; OSCILLATION AB The risk of harmful algal blooms (HABs) of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella in Puget Sound, Washington State, can be assessed by identifying and predicting climate and environmental conditions that are favorable for bloom development and the accumulation of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in shellfish. When these favorable conditions occur in combination, a harmful algal bloom window of opportunity (HAB-WOO) exists for A. catenella. The original HAB-WOO was identified by Moore et al. (2009) for the time period 1993-2007. In general, it showed that warm air and water temperatures, low streamflow, low winds, and small tidal variability precede PST events. Here, we use the HAB-WOO model to examine (i) changes in the annual HAB-WOO duration over the period from 1967 to 2006, and (ii) the potential effect of future climate change on HAB risk through the late 21st century. The annual HAB-WOO duration increased between 1978 and 2006, as did the frequency and geographic extent of PST events. Two step-like changes occurred in 1978 and 1992 with higher annual values attained by the HAB-WOO compared to previous years. The 1978 step change may be related to the 1977 reversal of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation from cool to warm phase. Climate change projections from global climate models and regionally downscaled climate models for the Pacific Northwest are used to evaluate scenarios for the future HAB-WOO. Under a moderate greenhouse gas emissions scenario (i.e., A1B), the annual HAB-WOO for A. catenella in Puget Sound is projected to increase by an average of 13 days by the end of the 21st century. Furthermore, the annual HAB-WOO may begin up to 2 months earlier in the year and persist for up to 1 month later in the year compared to the present day. This research provides managers, health authorities, and shellfish growers in Washington State with critical information for anticipating climate impacts on toxic HABs in the Pacific Northwest now and in a future warmer climate. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Moore, Stephanie K.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, W Coast Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Mantua, Nathan J.] Univ Washington, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Salathe, Eric P., Jr.] Univ Washington Bothell, Sci & Technol Program, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. [Mantua, Nathan J.; Salathe, Eric P., Jr.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Moore, SK (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, W Coast Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM stephanie.moore@noaa.gov FU West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health, NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative, WCCOHH FX We thank an anonymous reviewer for providing useful comments. Marketa McGuire Elsner of the University of Washington's Climate Impacts Group kindly provided VIC modeled streamflow values for the Skagit River. This publication was supported by the West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health as part of the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative, WCCOHH publication no. 40. The WCCOHH is part of the National Marine Fisheries Service's Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington.[SS] NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD JUL PY 2011 VL 10 IS 5 BP 521 EP 529 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2011.04.004 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 785MO UT WOS:000292233300013 ER PT J AU McMillan, WW Evans, KD Barnet, CD Maddy, ES Sachse, GW Diskin, GS AF McMillan, W. W. Evans, Keith D. Barnet, Christopher D. Maddy, Eric S. Sachse, Glen W. Diskin, Glenn S. TI Validating the AIRS Version 5 CO Retrieval With DACOM In Situ Measurements During INTEX-A and -B SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Carbon monoxide (CO); infrared measurements; remote sensing; satellite validation ID TROPOSPHERIC CARBON-MONOXIDE; INFRARED SOUNDER TEMPERATURE; MOPITT INSTRUMENT; SPRING 2006; POLLUTION; TRANSPORT; INTERFEROMETER; AIRS/AMSU/HSB; DISTRIBUTIONS; INVENTORIES AB Herein we provide a description of the atmospheric infrared sounder (AIRS) version 5 (v5) carbon monoxide (CO) retrieval algorithm and its validation with the DACOM in situ measurements during the INTEX-A and -B campaigns. All standard and support products in the AIRS v5 CO retrieval algorithm are documented. Building on prior publications, we describe the convolution of in situ measurements with the AIRS v5 CO averaging kernel and first-guess CO profile as required for proper validation. Validation is accomplished through comparison of AIRS CO retrievals with convolved in situ CO profiles acquired during the NASA Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiments (INTEX) in 2004 and 2006. From 143 profiles in the northern mid-latitudes during these two experiments, we find AIRS v5 CO retrievals are biased high by 6%-10% between 900 and 300 hPa with a root-mean-square error of 8%-12%. No significant differences were found between validation using spiral profiles coincident with AIRS overpasses and in-transit profiles under the satellite track but up to 13 h off in time. Similarly, no significant differences in validation results were found for ocean versus land, day versus night, or with respect to retrieved cloud top pressure or cloud fraction. C1 [McMillan, W. W.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Evans, Keith D.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, UMBC JCET, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Barnet, Christopher D.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Maddy, Eric S.] Dell Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. [Sachse, Glen W.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Diskin, Glenn S.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM evans@umbc.edu RI Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; Maddy, Eric/G-3683-2010 OI Maddy, Eric/0000-0003-1151-339X NR 59 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2011 VL 49 IS 7 BP 2802 EP 2813 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2106505 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 783VJ UT WOS:000292111800027 ER PT J AU Ditty, JG AF Ditty, James G. TI YOUNG OF LITOPENAEUS SETIFERUS, FARFANTEPENAEUS AZTECUS AND F. DUORARUM (DECAPODA: PENAEIDAE): A RE-ASSESSMENT OF CHARACTERS FOR SPECIES DISCRIMINATION AND THEIR VARIABILITY SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antennal scale; antennular flagella; Farfantepenaeus; Litopenaeus; rostrum; spinules; sternal spines ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; BROWN SHRIMP; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; GALVESTON BAY; GENUS PENAEUS; POSTLARVAE; TEXAS; RECRUITMENT; IVES; PENAEOIDEA AB I reviewed the penaeid literature for characters 'traditionally' used to discriminate Litopenaeus setiferus, Farfantepenaeus aztecus, and F. duorarum and examined early life stages (ELS) with 3 + 0 to 8 + 2 rostral teeth based on these characters. The species identity of most of the specimens examined were verified 'a priori' with a multiplex PCR assay that targeted the 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene. My objectives were to re-evaluate 'traditional' characters by re-examining ELS for differences in morphology and timing of character development based on number of rostral teeth rather than body size, and, to identify a reliable suite(s) of characters to discriminate taxa in areas where distributions overlap. I found the absence of spinules along the dorsal carina of the sixth pleomere in young with < 4 dorsal teeth (DT), and the supposed difference in length of the third pereopod relative to the distal margin of the eye to be unreliable characters for generic discrimination. Differences in the thoracic sternal spine pattern, rostrum depth at the third DT, and relative lengths of segment one of the inner and outer antennular flagellum are 'new' characters for genus and/or species level discrimination discussed here. Differences in antennal scale shape and sixth pleomere length can help discriminate F. aztecus from F. duorarum, but these characters should be used cautiously in areas where distributions overlap, especially during summer and early fall when water temperatures and rates of growth and development are high. Young with <= 7 - 8 + 1 teeth and a sixth pleomere length > 2.5 mm can be assigned to F. aztecus, regardless of collection date, because all comparably developed F. duorarum and L. setiferus examined had a sixth pleomere length < 2.5 mm. Given temporal and species-specific differences in rates of growth and development that contribute to morphological variability, number of rostral teeth provides a more consistent criterion than body size to determine which characters reliably discriminate taxa. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Ditty, JG (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, 4700 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM Jim.Ditty@NOAA.gov FU Texas Sea Grant [424013] FX Thanks to Texas Sea Grant for funding a portion of this study (Project 424013) and to NOAA's Southeast Fisheries Science Center for additional support. Thanks also to Shawn Hillen, Juan Salas and Jennifer Atchison of NOAA's Galveston Laboratory, and Dr. Ronnie Baker formerly of NOAA's Galveston Laboratory who participated in sample collection. Dr. Jim Tolan of Texas Parks and Wildlife Department provided penaeids from collections taken near Corpus Christi, Texas. Thanks to Dr. Jaime Alvarado Bremer of Texas A&M University at Galveston, and to Brandon Saxton, formerly of Texas A&M University at Galveston for assistance in molecular identification of F. aztecus, F. duorarum, and L setiferus. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 EI 1937-240X J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 31 IS 3 BP 458 EP 467 DI 10.1651/10-3419.1 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 785II UT WOS:000292222300012 ER PT J AU Pacini, AF Nachtigall, PE Quintos, CT Schofield, TD Look, DA Levine, GA Turner, JP AF Pacini, Aude F. Nachtigall, Paul E. Quintos, Christopher T. Schofield, T. David Look, Dera A. Levine, Gregg A. Turner, Jason P. TI Audiogram of a stranded Blainville's beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris) measured using auditory evoked potentials SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Blainville's beaked whale; hearing; marine mammal; acoustics; auditory evoked potential ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; CUVIERS ZIPHIUS-CAVIROSTRIS; PSEUDORCA-CRASSIDENS; MARINE MAMMALS; DIVING BEHAVIOR; HEARING; SONAR; CETACEANS; ECHOLOCATION; ZIPHIIDAE AB Quantifying and understanding the impact of anthropogenic sound on marine mammals has been the focus of many researchers both in laboratory settings as well as in the field. This study presents the audiogram of a sub-adult Blainville's beaked whale that stranded in Hawaii. The hearing measurements were conducted using the non-invasive auditory brainstem response technique. A total of 11 sinusoidally amplitude modulated tones were tested ranging from 5.6 to 160 kHz. The audiogram data indicated that the region of best hearing was found between 40 and 50 kHz with thresholds below 50 dB. This frequency range partially overlaps with the frequency modulated upsweep that Blainville's beaked whales have been reported to use during echolocation. These results match the frequency range obtained from the hearing measurements of a Gervais' beaked whale previously tested using contact acoustic stimulation and emphasize the importance of obtaining rapid hearing measurements on live stranded animals to improve the understanding of poorly known species. C1 [Pacini, Aude F.; Nachtigall, Paul E.; Quintos, Christopher T.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Marine Mammal Res Program, Kailua, HI 96734 USA. [Schofield, T. David; Look, Dera A.; Levine, Gregg A.] NOAA Fisheries, Protected Resources Div, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Turner, Jason P.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Cetacean Rehabil Facil, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Pacini, AF (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Marine Mammal Res Program, POB 1106, Kailua, HI 96734 USA. EM aude@hawaii.edu FU Office of Naval Research [0014-08-1-1160]; Defense University [00014-07-1-0705] FX This research project was funded by the Office of Naval Research (grant no. 0014-08-1-1160 to P.E.N.), for which the authors thank Bob Gisiner, Jim Eckman and Neil Abercrombie. The funding for the research equipment was provided by the Defense University Research Instrumentation Program (grant no. 00014-07-1-0705 to P.E.N.). The authors are also very grateful for the assistance of the NOAA NMFS Office of Protected Species (permit no. 978-1791-00) and would like to thank Terri Rowles and Amy Sloan. The authors thank Jennifer Turner and all the staff and volunteers at the Hawaii Cetacean Rehabilitation Facility (HCRF) for their dedication and assistance during the data collection. The authors also thank the United States Coast Guard District 14 and the Air Station Barbers Point and more particularly Eric Roberts and the C-130 pilots and crew for their assistance during the animal's transport to HCRF. The Marine Mammal Necropsy team at the Hawai'i Pacific University and more particularly Dr Kristi West and Dr Brenda Jensen provided valuable comments during the preparation of this manuscript. The authors are also very grateful to Whitlow Au, Alexander Supin, Roland Kanno, Ted Cranford, T. Aran Mooney, Kristen Taylor, Michael Richlen and all the staff and students at the Marine Mammal Research Program at the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology for their continuous assistance, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive input and suggestions on the earlier versions of the manuscript. This is contribution no. 1449 of the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology and SOEST contribution no. 8199. NR 64 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 21 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 214 IS 14 BP 2409 EP 2415 DI 10.1242/jeb.054338 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 781JL UT WOS:000291927000017 PM 21697433 ER PT J AU Zhang, YW McEwen, RS Ryan, JP Bellingham, JG Thomas, H Thompson, CH Rienecker, E AF Zhang, Yanwu McEwen, Robert S. Ryan, John P. Bellingham, James G. Thomas, Hans Thompson, Charles H. Rienecker, Erich TI A Peak-Capture Algorithm Used on an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle in the 2010 Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Response Scientific Survey SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ROBOTICS LA English DT Article AB During the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Response Scientific Survey on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Ship Gordon Gunter Cruise GU-10-02 (27 May-4 June 2010), a Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) was deployed to make high-resolution surveys of the water column in targeted areas. There were 10 2-liter samplers on the AUV for acquiring water samples. An essential challenge was how to autonomously trigger the samplers when peak hydrocarbon signals were detected. In ship hydrocasts (measurements by lowered instruments) at a site to the southwest of the Deepwater Horizon wellhead, the hydrocarbon signal showed a sharp peak between 1,100- and 1,200-m depths, suggesting the existence of a horizontally oriented subsurface hydrocarbon plume. In response to this finding, we deployed the AUV at this site to make high-resolution surveys and acquire water samples. To autonomously trigger the samplers at peak hydrocarbon signals, we modified an algorithm that was previously developed for capturing peaks in a biological thin layer. The modified algorithm still uses the AUV's sawtooth (i.e., yo-yo) trajectory in the vertical dimension and takes advantage of the fact that in one yo-yo cycle, the vehicle crosses the horizontal plume (i.e., the strong-signal layer) twice. On the first crossing, the vehicle detects the peak and logs the corresponding depth (after correcting for the detection delay). On the second crossing, a sampling is triggered when the vehicle reaches the depth logged on the first crossing, based on the assumption that the depth of the horizontal oil layer does not vary much between two successive crossings that are no more than several hundred meters apart. In this paper, we present the algorithm and its performance in an AUV mission on 3 June 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico. In addition, we present an improvement to the algorithm and the corresponding results from postprocessing the AUV mission data. Published 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* C1 [Zhang, Yanwu; McEwen, Robert S.; Ryan, John P.; Bellingham, James G.; Thomas, Hans; Rienecker, Erich] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Thompson, Charles H.] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Zhang, YW (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM yzhang@mbari.org FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; NOAA [CFDA 11.473/RCOOS S673] FX This work was supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and a NOAA Sea Grant under grant CFDA 11.473/RCOOS S673. The authors are thankful to Chief Scientist Russell Brown for leading Cruise GU-10-02 and to the Gordon Gunter crew for all their help. MBARI's fast response was attributed to Christopher Scholin and Steven Etchemendy for management support and to Gene Massion, David French, Michael Conway, Douglas Conlin, and Duane Thompson for helping mobilize the Dorado AUV. For AUV mission planning on the cruise, the ship-borne EK60 echo sounder profiles processed by Thomas Weber and Samuel Greenaway (University of New Hampshire) and CTD/CF rosette hydrocasts conducted by Glenn Zapfe (NOAA) played an important role in specifying the target area. The authors are also thankful to David Caress and Michael McCann (MBARI) for providing the Gulf of Mexico bathymetry, to Peter Brewer for the comments on fluorescence from dispersed oil in seawater, to Daniel Rutz (NOAA) for verifying the Deepwater Horizon wellhead's latitude and longitude, and to Aki Shiroza for sharing the cruise video. The authors appreciate the valuable comments and suggestions from the four anonymous reviewers. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1556-4959 J9 J FIELD ROBOT JI J. Field Robot. PD JUL-AUG PY 2011 VL 28 IS 4 BP 484 EP 496 DI 10.1002/rob.20399 PG 13 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 786BM UT WOS:000292277400002 ER PT J AU Horodysky, AZ Brill, RW Bushnell, PG Musick, JA Latour, RJ AF Horodysky, A. Z. Brill, R. W. Bushnell, P. G. Musick, J. A. Latour, R. J. TI Comparative metabolic rates of common western North Atlantic Ocean sciaenid fishes SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE intermittent-flow respirometry; metabolism; mixed-effects models; repeated measures; Sciaenidae ID ACUTE TEMPERATURE-CHANGE; JUVENILE RAINBOW-TROUT; EUROPEAN SEA BASS; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; BODY-SIZE; BIOENERGETICS MODELS; LEIOSTOMUS-XANTHURUS; ROUTINE METABOLISM; HYPOXIA TOLERANCE AB The resting metabolic rates (RR) of western North Atlantic Ocean sciaenids, such as Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus, spot Leiostomus xanthurus and kingfishes Menticirrhus spp., as well as the active metabolic rates (RA) of M. undulatus and L. xanthurus were investigated to facilitate inter and intraspecific comparisons of their energetic ecology. The RR of M. undulatus and L. xanthurus were typical for fishes with similar lifestyles. The RR of Menticirrhus spp. were elevated relative to those of M. undulatus and L. xanthurus, but below those of high-energy-demand species such as tunas Thunnus spp. and dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus. Repeated-measures non-linear mixed-effects models were applied to account for within-individual autocorrelation and corrected for non-constant variance typical of noisy RA data sets. Repeated-measures models incorporating autoregressive first-order [AR(1)] and autoregressive moving average (ARMA) covariances provided significantly superior fits, more precise parameter estimates (i.e. reduced s.e.) and y-intercept estimates that more closely approximated measured RR for M. undulatus and L. xanthurus than standard least-squares regression procedures. Journal of Fish Biology (C) 2011 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles No claim to original US government works C1 [Horodysky, A. Z.; Musick, J. A.; Latour, R. J.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Fisheries Sci, Gloucester Point, VA USA. [Brill, R. W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bushnell, P. G.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol Sci, South Bend, IN 46615 USA. RP Horodysky, AZ (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Dept Marine & Environm Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. EM andrij.horodysky@hamptonu.edu FU National Marine Fisheries Service; International Women's Fishing Association FX The authors thank S. Wray, J. Lucy, J. Smith, P. Lynch and R. V. Bada Bing and Sea Beaver for their assistance in collecting study animals, and M. Luckenbach, R. Bonniwell and S. Fate provided logistical assistance and extreme flexibility in support of these experiments. Assistance with animal husbandry was graciously provided by C. Magel, L. Pace and C. Speaks; R. Seifert and T. Nania assisted with husbandry and swim experiments. Comments on a previous draft were provided by J. F. Steffensen. The authors thank the two anonymous reviewers for their thorough efforts in improving this manuscript. Partial support for this research was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service and by an award to A.Z.H. from the International Women's Fishing Association. This is Virginia Institute of Marine Science contribution # 3157. NR 90 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 79 IS 1 BP 235 EP 255 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03017.x PG 21 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 786VL UT WOS:000292335900016 PM 21722122 ER PT J AU Williams, LJ Cicia, AM Pellegrin, GB Smith, KM Sulikowski, JA AF Williams, L. J. Cicia, A. M. Pellegrin, G. B. Smith, K. M. Sulikowski, J. A. TI The reproductive cycle of the roundel skate Raja texana SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fishery management; life history; Rajidae ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SOUTH-WEST ATLANTIC; SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL; AMBLYRAJA-RADIATA; NORTHWESTERN GULF; MALACORAJA-SENTA; SEXUAL-MATURITY; AGE; MAINE; BIOLOGY AB The reproductive cycle of Raja texana was determined from 63 females (510-630 mm total length, L(T)) and 81 males (355-546 mm L(T)) collected from the Gulf of Mexico. The results, based on follicle size, mature spermatocysts and gonadosomatic index (I(G)) suggests year-round reproductive activity. (C) 2011 The Authors Journal of Fish Biology (C) 2011 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Williams, L. J.; Cicia, A. M.; Smith, K. M.; Sulikowski, J. A.] Univ New England, Dept Marine Sci, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. [Pellegrin, G. B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pascagoula Lab, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. RP Williams, LJ (reprint author), Univ New England, Dept Marine Sci, 11 Hills Beach Rd, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. EM lwilliams8@une.edu NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 79 IS 1 BP 298 EP 305 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03010.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 786VL UT WOS:000292335900020 PM 21722126 ER PT J AU Constantino, PJ Lee, JJW Morris, D Lucas, PW Hartstone-Rose, A Lee, WK Dominy, NJ Cunningham, A Wagner, M Lawn, BR AF Constantino, Paul J. Lee, James J. -W. Morris, Dylan Lucas, Peter W. Hartstone-Rose, Adam Lee, Wah-Keat Dominy, Nathaniel J. Cunningham, Andrew Wagner, Mark Lawn, Brian R. TI Adaptation to hard-object feeding in sea otters and hominins SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Tooth morphology; Fracture; Wear; Diet; Dental evolution; Enamel mechanical properties ID ENAMEL THICKNESS; TOOTH ENAMEL; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; DENTAL ENAMEL; GREAT APES; DIET; EVOLUTION; FRACTURE; MORPHOLOGY; PATTERNS AB The large, bunodont postcanine teeth in living sea otters (Enhydra lutris) have been likened to those of certain fossil hominins, particularly the 'robust' australopiths (genus Paranthropus). We examine this evolutionary convergence by conducting fracture experiments on extracted molar teeth of sea otters and modern humans (Homo sapiens) to determine how load-bearing capacity relates to tooth morphology and enamel material properties. In situ optical microscopy and x-ray imaging during simulated occlusal loading reveal the nature of the fracture patterns. Explicit fracture relations are used to analyze the data and to extrapolate the results from humans to earlier hominins. It is shown that the molar teeth of sea otters have considerably thinner enamel than those of humans, making sea otter molars more susceptible to certain kinds of fractures. At the same time, the base diameter of sea otter first molars is larger, diminishing the fracture susceptibility in a compensatory manner. We also conduct nanoindentation tests to map out elastic modulus and hardness of sea otter and human molars through a section thickness, and microindentation tests to measure toughness. We find that while sea otter enamel is just as stiff elastically as human enamel, it is a little softer and tougher. The role of these material factors in the capacity of dentition to resist fracture and deformation is considered. From such comparisons, we argue that early hominin species like Paranthropus most likely consumed hard food objects with substantially higher biting forces than those exerted by modern humans. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Constantino, Paul J.; Lawn, Brian R.] Marshall Univ, Dept Biol, Huntington, WV 25755 USA. [Lee, James J. -W.; Morris, Dylan; Lawn, Brian R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lucas, Peter W.; Cunningham, Andrew] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Ctr Adv Study Human Paleobiol, Washington, DC USA. [Hartstone-Rose, Adam] Penn State Altoona, Dept Biol, Altoona, PA USA. [Lee, Wah-Keat] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Dominy, Nathaniel J.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Anthropol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Wagner, Mark] George Washington Univ, Dept Engn, Washington, DC USA. RP Constantino, PJ (reprint author), Marshall Univ, Dept Biol, 1 John Marshall Dr, Huntington, WV 25755 USA. EM paulconstantino@gmail.com RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Hartstone-Rose, Adam/I-3503-2016; OI Hartstone-Rose, Adam/0000-0001-5307-5573; Dominy, Nathaniel/0000-0001-5916-418X FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [0851351]; National Research Council; George Washington University FX We wish to thank Jim Estes, Melissa Miller, and the Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care Research Center for providing access to the sea otter specimens. Permission to transport and test the sea otter teeth was granted by the California Department of Fish and Game. Gary Schumacher, Sabine Dickens and Anthony Guiseppetti of the Pfaffenberger American Dental Association laboratories at the National Institute of Standards and Technology provided the human molar specimens. Use of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Thanks also to Jake Socha and Alex Deny for their assistance at the APS. Amanda Keown obtained the section view in Fig. 2A and Rebecca Kirkpatrick provided useful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (#0851351 to P.L., P.C., J.J.-W.L. and B.L.), by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship (J.J-W.L) and by the George Washington University Research Enhancement Fund (P.C.). NR 62 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0047-2484 J9 J HUM EVOL JI J. Hum. Evol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 61 IS 1 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.02.009 PG 8 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 785LA UT WOS:000292229300008 PM 21474163 ER PT J AU Findell, KL Gentine, P Lintner, BR Kerr, C AF Findell, Kirsten L. Gentine, Pierre Lintner, Benjamin R. Kerr, Christopher TI Probability of afternoon precipitation in eastern United States and Mexico enhanced by high evaporation SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE COUPLING EXPERIMENT; BOUNDARY LAYER INTERACTIONS; SOIL-MOISTURE; LAND-SURFACE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PART II; FEEDBACK; CONVECTION; RAINFALL; IMPACTS AB Moisture and heat fluxes from the land surface to the atmosphere form a critical nexus between surface hydrology and atmospheric processes, particularly those relevant to precipitation. Although current theory suggests that soil moisture generally has a positive impact on subsequent precipitation, individual studies have shown support both for(1-4) and against(5-7) this positive feedback. Broad assessment of the coupling between soil moisture and evapotranspiration, and evapotranspiration and precipitation, has been limited by a lack of large-scale observations. Quantification of the influence of evapotranspiration on precipitation remains particularly uncertain. Here, we develop and apply physically based, objective metrics for quantifying the impacts of surface evaporative and sensible heat fluxes on the frequency and intensity of convective rainfall during summer, using North American reanalysis data. We show that high evaporation enhances the probability of afternoon rainfall east of the Mississippi and in Mexico. Indeed, variations in surface fluxes lead to changes in afternoon rainfall probability of between 10 and 25% in these regions. The intensity of rainfall, by contrast, is largely insensitive to surface fluxes. We suggest that local surface fluxes represent an important trigger for convective rainfall in the eastern United States and Mexico during the summer, leading to a positive evaporation-precipitation feedback. C1 [Findell, Kirsten L.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Gentine, Pierre] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Lintner, Benjamin R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Kerr, Christopher] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Findell, KL (reprint author), Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM kirsten.findell@noaa.gov RI Findell, Kirsten/D-4430-2014 FU NSF; NOAA; NJAES FX We thank R. Stouffer, S. Malyshev, F. D'Andrea, S. Seneviratne and A. Berg for providing comments on the manuscript. We thank A. Wittenberg for help with the determination of ENSO years. P. G. and B. R. L. are supported by an NSF grant and B. R. L. is also supported by a NOAA grant and an NJAES Hatch grant. National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) data provided by the National Climatic Data Center from their website: http://nomads.ncdc.noaa.gov/data.php. NR 30 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 33 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 4 IS 7 BP 434 EP 439 DI 10.1038/NGEO1174 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 785PV UT WOS:000292241900013 ER PT J AU Fortier, TM Kirchner, MS Quinlan, F Taylor, J Bergquist, JC Rosenband, T Lemke, N Ludlow, A Jiang, Y Oates, CW Diddams, SA AF Fortier, T. M. Kirchner, M. S. Quinlan, F. Taylor, J. Bergquist, J. C. Rosenband, T. Lemke, N. Ludlow, A. Jiang, Y. Oates, C. W. Diddams, S. A. TI Generation of ultrastable microwaves via optical frequency division SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID LOW PHASE-NOISE; SAPPHIRE OSCILLATOR; LASER STABILIZATION; STABILITY; GHZ; SIGNALS AB There has been increased interest in the use and manipulation of optical fields to address the challenging problems that have traditionally been approached with microwave electronics. Some examples that benefit from the low transmission loss, agile modulation and large bandwidths accessible with coherent optical systems include signal distribution, arbitrary waveform generation and novel imaging(1). We extend these advantages to demonstrate a microwave generator based on a high-quality-factor (Q) optical resonator and a frequency comb functioning as an optical-to-microwave divider. This provides a 10 GHz electrical signal with fractional frequency instability of <= 8 x 10(-16) at 1 s, a value comparable to that produced by the best microwave oscillators, but without the need for cryogenic temperatures. Such a low-noise source can benefit radar systems(2) and improve the bandwidth and resolution of communications and digital sampling systems(3), and can also be valuable for large baseline interferometry(4), precision spectroscopy and the realization of atomic time(5-7). C1 [Fortier, T. M.; Kirchner, M. S.; Quinlan, F.; Taylor, J.; Bergquist, J. C.; Rosenband, T.; Lemke, N.; Ludlow, A.; Jiang, Y.; Oates, C. W.; Diddams, S. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fortier, TM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tara.fortier@nist.gov; scott.diddams@nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Lemke, Nathan/L-9059-2013 OI Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715 FU NIST FX The authors thank A. Hati, L. Hollberg, D. Howe, C. Nelson, N. Newbury and S. Papp for their contributions and comments on this manuscript, and A. Joshi and S. Datta of Discovery Semiconductor for providing the 10 GHz InGaAs photodiodes. This work was supported by NIST. It is a contribution of an agency of the US Government and is not subject to copyright in the USA. Mention of specific products or trade names does not constitute an endorsement by NIST. NR 29 TC 242 Z9 244 U1 5 U2 56 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD JUL PY 2011 VL 5 IS 7 BP 425 EP 429 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2011.121 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 785PI UT WOS:000292240600018 ER PT J AU Lin, YJ Compton, RL Jimenez-Garcia, K Phillips, WD Porto, JV Spielman, IB AF Lin, Y-J Compton, R. L. Jimenez-Garcia, K. Phillips, W. D. Porto, J. V. Spielman, I. B. TI A synthetic electric force acting on neutral atoms SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GASES AB Electromagnetism is a simple example of a gauge theory where the underlying potentials (the vector and scalar potentials) are defined only up to a gauge choice. The vector potential generates magnetic fields through its spatial variation and electric fields through its time dependence(1). Here, we report experiments in which we have produced a synthetic gauge field. The gauge field emerges only at low energy in a rubidium Bose-Einstein condensate: the neutral atoms behave as charged particles do in the presence of a homogeneous effective vector potential(2). We have generated a synthetic electric field through the time dependence of an effective vector potential, a physical consequence that emerges even though the vector potential is spatially uniform. C1 [Lin, Y-J; Compton, R. L.; Jimenez-Garcia, K.; Phillips, W. D.; Porto, J. V.; Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lin, Y-J; Compton, R. L.; Jimenez-Garcia, K.; Phillips, W. D.; Porto, J. V.; Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jimenez-Garcia, K.] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Dept Fis, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico. RP Spielman, IB (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ian.spielman@nist.gov RI Lin, Yu-Ju/F-7917-2012 FU ONR; ARO; DARPA; NSF through the JQI Physics Frontier Center FX This work was partially supported by ONR, ARO with funds from the DARPA OLE program, and the NSF through the JQI Physics Frontier Center. R. L. C. acknowledges the NIST/NRC postdoctoral program and K.J-G. thanks CONACYT. NR 18 TC 149 Z9 151 U1 1 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 7 IS 7 BP 531 EP 534 DI 10.1038/NPHYS1954 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 786FY UT WOS:000292290000009 ER PT J AU Theis, T Ganssle, P Kervern, G Knappe, S Kitching, J Ledbetter, MP Budker, D Pines, A AF Theis, T. Ganssle, P. Kervern, G. Knappe, S. Kitching, J. Ledbetter, M. P. Budker, D. Pines, A. TI Parahydrogen-enhanced zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC MAGNETOMETER; PARA-HYDROGEN; POLARIZATION TRANSFER; SPIN ISOMERS; NMR; SEPARATION; CONVERSION; ETHYLENE; ORDER AB Nuclear magnetic resonance, conventionally detected in magnetic fields of several tesla, is a powerful analytical tool for the determination of molecular identity, structure and function. With the advent of prepolarization methods and detection schemes using atomic magnetometers or superconducting quantum interference devices, interest in NMR in fields comparable to the Earth's magnetic field and below (down to zero field) has been revived. Despite the use of superconducting quantum interference devices or atomic magnetometers, low-field NMR typically suffers from low sensitivity compared with conventional high-field NMR. Here we demonstrate direct detection of zero-field NMR signals generated through parahydrogen-induced polarization, enabling high-resolution NMR without the use of any magnets. The sensitivity is sufficient to observe spectra exhibiting (13)C-(1)H scalar nuclear spin-spin couplings (known as J couplings) in compounds with (13)C in natural abundance, without the need for signal averaging. The resulting spectra show distinct features that aid chemical fingerprinting. C1 [Theis, T.; Ganssle, P.; Kervern, G.; Pines, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Theis, T.; Ganssle, P.; Kervern, G.; Pines, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Knappe, S.; Kitching, J.] NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ledbetter, M. P.; Budker, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Budker, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pines, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pines@berkeley.edu RI Theis, Thomas/J-2304-2014; Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Theis, Thomas/0000-0001-6779-9978; Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation [CHE-0957655]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX Research was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Contract no DE-AC02-05CH11231 (T. T., P. G., G. K. and A. P.), by the National Science Foundation under award noCHE-0957655 (D. B. and M. P. L.) and by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (S. K. and J.K.). We acknowledge discussions with M. Levitt and magnetometer-cell fabrication help from S. Schima. NR 31 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 40 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 7 IS 7 BP 571 EP 575 DI 10.1038/NPHYS1986 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 786FY UT WOS:000292290000017 ER PT J AU Lee, N Choi, YJ Ramazanoglu, M Ratcliff, W Kiryukhin, V Cheong, SW AF Lee, N. Choi, Y. J. Ramazanoglu, M. Ratcliff, W., II Kiryukhin, V. Cheong, S. -W. TI Mechanism of exchange striction of ferroelectricity in multiferroic orthorhombic HoMnO3 single crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PEROVSKITE AB E-type perovskite magnet HoMnO3 is considered to be a prototype Mn-Mn exchange-striction driven multiferroic. We have grown orthorhombic HoMnO3 single crystals and studied the directional dependence of their electric polarization P. The direction of P is not along the crystallographic a axis, as predicted, but along the c axis. The magnetic state is incommensurate. The direction P along the c axis is primarily induced by Ho-Mn exchange striction, and Mn-Mn striction in the incommensurate spin state leads to an antiferroelectric order along the a axis. We predict the rotation of P with temperature in commensurate E-type RMnO3 (R denotes magnetic rare earth). C1 [Lee, N.; Choi, Y. J.; Ramazanoglu, M.; Kiryukhin, V.; Cheong, S. -W.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Emergent Mat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Lee, N.; Choi, Y. J.; Ramazanoglu, M.; Kiryukhin, V.; Cheong, S. -W.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Ratcliff, W., II] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, N (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Emergent Mat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. FU NSF [DMR-1004568, DMR-0804109]; Seoul National University [KRF-2008-220-C00012]; National Research Foundation [KRF-2008-220-C00012] FX We are grateful to T. Emge for experimental assistance. This work was supported by the NSF under Grants No. DMR-1004568 and No. DMR-0804109. Y.J.C. was supported partially by a subgrant with Seoul National University under Prime Agreement Award No. KRF-2008-220-C00012 from the Global Research Network Program of the National Research Foundation. NR 17 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 1 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 2 AR 020101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.020101 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 786SB UT WOS:000292327100001 ER PT J AU Pess, GR Kiffney, PM Liermann, MC Bennett, TR Anderson, JH Quinn, TP AF Pess, G. R. Kiffney, P. M. Liermann, M. C. Bennett, T. R. Anderson, J. H. Quinn, T. P. TI The Influences of Body Size, Habitat Quality, and Competition on the Movement and Survival of Juvenile Coho Salmon during the Early Stages of Stream Recolonization SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN WASHINGTON STREAMS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI; NEWLY ACCESSIBLE HABITAT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; PACIFIC SALMON; SUMMER DISTRIBUTION; CALIFORNIA STREAM; CHINOOK SALMON; KISUTCH; GROWTH AB Understanding the factors influencing the success of juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. in newly colonized habitats is essential to their recovery in large areas across the West Coast of the United States and Canada. We studied biotic and abiotic factors associated with survival during the early stages of colonization and population establishment of juvenile coho salmon O. kisutch in Rock Creek, a tributary of the upper Cedar River in the Lake Washington basin of Puget Sound, Washington. The stream was occupied by resident fishes (e. g., rainbow trout O. mykiss, cutthroat trout O. clarkii, speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus, and several sculpins Cottus spp.), but adult coho salmon and other anadromous fishes had been excluded by a dam from 1901 until fish ladder installation in 2003. We defined logistic regression models and used an information-theoretic approach to predict apparent survival with various combinations of individual fish condition, location competition, and local habitat quality. The best-approximating models included measures of brood year, body size, habitat, and migration timing. Survival was positively associated with body size and habitat quality and negatively associated with competition. Survival from late summer to smolt migration varied among years (mean +/- SD = 27 +/- 11%) and was significantly higher within Rock Creek (73 +/- 11%) than during seaward migration in the Cedar River and Lake Washington (38 +/- 14%). Juvenile coho salmon established a population and outnumbered resident salmonid species by 40% in the lower 2 km of Rock Creek within 5 years of colonization. Overall, the results revealed the linkage between the colonization success of juvenile coho salmon and the biotic features and habitat quality in a newly accessible environment during the stream-rearing phase of their life history. C1 [Pess, G. R.; Anderson, J. H.; Quinn, T. P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Pess, G. R.; Kiffney, P. M.; Liermann, M. C.; Bennett, T. R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Pess, GR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 3550020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM george.pess@noaa.gov FU Seattle Public Utilities; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Northwest Fisheries Science Center; University of Washington [NA04OAR4170032, NA07OAR4170007, R/F-148, R/F-159] FX This work was funded by Seattle Public Utilities, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Northwest Fisheries Science Center, and in part by a grant from Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington, pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award Numbers NA04OAR4170032 and NA07OAR4170007, Project Numbers R/F-148 and R/F-159. We sincerely thank the many individuals who helped collect data, develop and maintain the PIT tag readers, and allowed our project to move forward over time. This includes Gabriel Brooks, Thomas Buehrens, Ryan Klett, Kris Kloehn, Ranae Holland, Karrie Hanson, Phil Roni, Neala Kendall, Paul Devries, David Chapin, Dwayne Paige, Heidy Barnett, Paul Faulds, John McDowell, Karl Burton, Orlay Johnson, Jeremy Cram, Earl Prentice, Sandy Downing, and Bruce Jonasson. We thank Clint Muhlfeld, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive and helpful comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. NR 73 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 7 U2 54 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 140 IS 4 BP 883 EP 897 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.587752 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 836VH UT WOS:000296142700001 ER PT J AU Adamski, KM Buckel, JA Shertzer, KW Martin, GB Taylor, JC AF Adamski, Kyle M. Buckel, Jeffrey A. Shertzer, Kyle W. Martin, Gretchen Bath Taylor, J. Christopher TI Developing Fishery-Independent Indices of Larval and Juvenile Gag Abundance in the Southeastern United States SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MYCTEROPERCA-MICROLEPIS PISCES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; NORTH-CAROLINA; LIFE-HISTORY; REEF FISHES; PATTERNS; SERRANIDAE; SETTLEMENT; INGRESS; RECRUITMENT AB We developed an index describing the abundance of gags Mycteroperca microlepis at the planktonic postlarval stage, and we assessed the index's potential for use in stock assessment. Data on postlarval gags were collected weekly at the Pivers Island bridge near Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina, during the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's bridgenet program (ichthyoplankton sampling, November-May 1986-2008); additionally, ichthyoplankton were sampled nightly during spring in 2007 and 2008. Catch of juvenile gags was examined in relation to several factors to assist in developing and refining fishery-independent surveys; juveniles were sampled with a small trawl in seagrass beds at 15-20 randomly selected stations near Beaufort Inlet every 2 weeks during June-September 2007 and 2008. Catches of postlarval and juvenile gags were low in both gear types. From 1986 to 2008, weekly concentrations of postlarval gags were highest from mid-April to mid-May, and peak ingress coincided with new moon periods. Juvenile gags were caught throughout the June-September sampling period, and the highest catch per unit effort was observed in July and August. Time of year, percent seagrass coverage, seagrass species, and location inside the estuary influenced juvenile gag catch per unit effort. Growth rates of juvenile gags were rapid (similar to 1.5 mm/d) during summer months and did not differ between years. An annual index of postlarval abundance (adjusted for lunar effects) was developed. The spawning stock biomass from the most recent gag stock assessment was positively correlated with the postlarval abundance index; therefore, this index could be used as a fishery-independent index of spawning stock biomass. C1 [Adamski, Kyle M.; Buckel, Jeffrey A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Shertzer, Kyle W.; Martin, Gretchen Bath] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Taylor, J. Christopher] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Adamski, KM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, 303 Coll Circle, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM kmadamski@gmail.com FU NOAA Fisheries and the Environment; North Carolina Sea Grant [A/EA-22B] FX We thank all of the field personnel who assisted with the bridgenet sampling and juvenile collections, especially Adam Stephenson, Tyler Averett, and Morrell Fox. We are especially grateful to commercial channel-net fishers Buddy Thompson and Ed Willis for their contributions and to W. Judson Kenworthy for advice on seagrass assessment. We thank E. J. Dick for providing DGLM software and Paul Conn for technical assistance. Funding was provided by NOAA Fisheries and the Environment and by North Carolina Sea Grant (A/EA-22B). The manuscript benefitted greatly from critical reviews by Joseph Hightower, Kenneth Pollock, Mark Fonseca, Erik Williams, Patti Marraro, Aleta Hohn, and two anonymous reviewers. Opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect policies or findings of any government agency. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 140 IS 4 BP 973 EP 983 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.601213 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 836VH UT WOS:000296142700009 ER PT J AU Bacheler, NM Paoli, TJ Schacht, GM AF Bacheler, Nathan M. Paoli, Tammie J. Schacht, Garret M. TI Controls on Abundance and Distribution of Yellow Perch: Predator, Water Quality, and Density-Dependent Effects SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; LAKE-MICHIGAN; ONEIDA LAKE; HABITAT USE; GREEN-BAY; NEW-YORK; FLAVESCENS; RECRUITMENT; WALLEYE; FISH AB Unraveling the diverse forces controlling the abundance and distribution of fish across a landscape has been challenging, in part because few techniques exist to address multiple factors simultaneously in a single analysis. We used spatially explicit, varying-coefficient generalized additive models to relate the summertime abundance and distribution of yellow perch Perca flavescens to a variety of predatory, water quality, landscape, and density-dependent factors. The model used 25 years of fishery-independent trawling data from southern Green Bay, Lake Michigan, an area that supported major fisheries for yellow perch until their decline in the 1990s. Local catch per unit effort (CPUE) of both age-0 and age-1 and older yellow perch was affected by the abundance of double-crested cormorants Phalacrocorax auritus, dissolved oxygen, water clarity, and bottom depth, but not water temperature. In addition, the local response of age-0 yellow perch CPUE to most predictor variables, including their own global density, had a unique spatial structure. For instance, increased cormorant abundance was related to declines in local yellow perch CPUE, especially near cormorant nesting islands, while increased dissolved oxygen levels were correlated with increased local yellow perch CPUE in shallow nearshore areas of southern Green Bay. In addition, local yellow perch CPUE increased near the mouth of the Fox River during years with higher water clarity, suggesting that water quality may be limiting to yellow perch in this region. Our results suggest that it is important to explicitly account for the different ways in which predictor variables influence fish abundance across the aquatic landscape. C1 [Bacheler, Nathan M.; Schacht, Garret M.] Univ Wisconsin, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. [Paoli, Tammie J.] Peshtigo Serv Ctr, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Peshtigo, WI 54157 USA. RP Bacheler, NM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM nate.bacheler@noaa.gov FU Wisconsin's Fish and Wildlife Account FX Our research was supported by General Purpose Revenue generated from Wisconsin's Fish and Wildlife Account. We thank countless Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources staff who participated in field work to collect the yellow perch data over the years; M. Jones and C. Lovell of U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services for cormorant data; T. Valenta, D. Dolan, M. Maccoux, and H. Schmidt Marquez for water quality data; and P. Jacobson, D. DeVries, and three anonymous reviewers for comments on previous versions of this manuscript. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 140 IS 4 BP 989 EP 1000 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.603979 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 836VH UT WOS:000296142700011 ER PT J AU Carey, MP Wahl, DH AF Carey, Michael P. Wahl, David H. TI Foraging Modes of Predators and Behaviors of Prey Determine the Outcome of Multiple Predator Interactions SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BASS MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; LARGEMOUTH BASS; HABITAT CHOICE; FOOD-WEB; FISH; MUSKELLUNGE; MORPHOLOGY; BLUEGILLS; TURBIDITY; SELECTION AB Interactions with multiple predator species may differ among prey with different antipredator defenses. The interactions between largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (a cruising predator) and muskellunge Esox masquinongy (an ambush predator) and prey with different antipredator behaviors, bluegill Lepomis macrochirus and fathead minnow Pimephales promelas, was examined in mesocosms. In the combined predator treatment, no differences were found in the foraging sequence for the cruising predator, whereas the ambush predator increased the number of follows and pursuits. Bluegills altered their behavior across predator treatments by changing their activity levels and habitat use. Ultimately, the ambush predator benefited from the combined predators because of a greater encounter frequency with bluegills that led to more captures and a risk-enhanced effect on bluegills. The high vulnerability of fathead minnow to individual ambush and cruising predators led to a neutral effect from combined predators. Predator foraging modes and prey behavior must be taken into account to understand natural food webs. C1 Ilinois Nat Hist Survey, Kaskaskia Biol Stn, Sullivan, IL 61951 USA. Univ Illinois, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Carey, MP (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM michael.p.carey@noaa.gov RI Carey, Michael/G-9516-2012 FU Illinois Natural History Survey FX We thank the staff at the Kaskaskia Biological Station, Illinois Natural History Survey, especially L. Einfalt and M. Diana for help with conducting experimental trials and field collections. Numerous undergraduate students especially M. Goshen, J. O'Brein, C. Steger, A. Goldberg, N. Leagnavar, I. Carney, and A. Romero from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign assisted with gathering the behavioral data. All procedures conformed to the University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, and compliance with the current laws of the U.S. Support was provided by the Illinois Natural History Survey. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 41 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 140 IS 4 BP 1015 EP 1022 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.603983 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 836VH UT WOS:000296142700014 ER PT J AU Duffy, WJ McBride, RS Cadrin, SX Oliveira, K AF Duffy, William J. McBride, Richard S. Cadrin, Steven X. Oliveira, Kenneth TI Is Cating's Method of Transverse Groove Counts to Annuli Applicable for all Stocks of American Shad? SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AGE-DETERMINATION; SCALES; FISH AB A scale aging method was reported by Cating in 1953 for American shad Alosa sapidissima in the Hudson River and subsequently validated by recapturing fish marked and released in the Connecticut River. However, American shad spawn in all major rivers from Canada to Florida and their scales record growth events occurring in three distinct biogeographic provinces. Thus, a single scale aging method may not be applicable across the latitudinal range of this species. To address this concern, scales from American shad from one southern river (the St. Johns), three Middle Atlantic rivers (the Delaware, Hudson, and Connecticut), and one northern river (the Merrimack) were examined. Scales were cleaned, impressed in acetate, and analyzed by the same reader using a digital imaging system. The transverse grooves, the key morphological character used in Cating's method, were counted to the distal edge of the freshwater zone and the first three annuli. In most instances, these groove frequencies were statistically different from Cating's data for the Hudson River. Moreover, our data showed enough overlap in groove frequencies that they cannot be relied on as diagnostic characters for the freshwater zone and first three annuli in fish with difficult-to-interpret scales. Scale size explained more of the variance in groove frequencies than fish age did. Regardless of the specific process creating transverse grooves, we provide evidence that Cating's method should not be used to age American shad. C1 [Duffy, William J.; Oliveira, Kenneth] SE Massachusetts Univ, Dept Biol, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. [Duffy, William J.; McBride, Richard S.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02453 USA. [Cadrin, Steven X.] Univ Massachusetts, Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. RP Duffy, WJ (reprint author), SE Massachusetts Univ, Dept Biol, 285 Old Westport Rd, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. EM william.duffy@noaa.gov RI McBride, Richard/C-2818-2012 FU NOAA FX We thank the following state agencies for their assistance in collecting samples: the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission; Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries; New Hampshire's Fish and Wildlife; Florida's Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Bureau of Marine Resource. Funding was provided by NOAA's Advanced Study Program. We would like to thank anonymous reviewers with prior experience aging American shad, who took the time to look at scales from multiple rivers to ensure that annuli and transverse grooves were consistently identified between rivers. We would also like to thank L. Natanson, R. H. Castro, and two anonymous reviewers whose suggestions were helpful in strengthening this manuscript. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 140 IS 4 BP 1023 EP 1034 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.603985 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 836VH UT WOS:000296142700015 ER PT J AU Claiborne, AM Fisher, JP Hayes, SA Emmett, RL AF Claiborne, Andrew M. Fisher, Joseph P. Hayes, Sean A. Emmett, Robert L. TI Size at Release, Size-Selective Mortality, and Age of Maturity of Willamette River Hatchery Yearling Chinook Salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; BACK-CALCULATION; COHO SALMON; GROWTH-RATE; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; MARINE SURVIVAL; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; DELAYED MORTALITY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB We analyzed scales from returning Willamette River yearling Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha to explore the effects of size at release on subsequent adult returns. We tested the hypothesis that survival to adulthood is independent of size at ocean entry for yearling Chinook salmon. Significant size-selective mortality, indicated by a larger size at ocean entry among surviving adults than among all released juveniles, was observed for Chinook salmon released in 2002-2004 but not for those released in 2005. Juvenile Chinook salmon released in 2002-2004 that entered the ocean at less than 150 mm in fork length were underrepresented in the returning adult populations. We also investigated the relationships between age at maturity and size at ocean entry, timing of release, circulus spacing, and size at the end of the first ocean year. We observed significant differences in fork length at the end of the first ocean winter among returning age-4, -5, and -6 Chinook salmon; the younger returning fish were larger after their first year of ocean growth. Fork length at ocean entry and average first-ocean-year circulus spacing were significantly greater for age-4 than for age-5 and age-6 Chinook salmon but were similar for age-5 and age-6 fish. Our analyses indicate that yearling Chinook salmon may experience size-selective mortality, although the relationship between the intensity of size-selective mortality and smolt-to-adult survival remains unclear. C1 [Claiborne, Andrew M.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Fisher, Joseph P.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hayes, Sean A.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Emmett, Robert L.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Claiborne, AM (reprint author), Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, 2030 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM andrew.claiborne@noaa.gov FU Army Corps of Engineers [W66QKZ30925048] FX This work would not have been possible without the efforts of William Muir, Carrie Johnson, and the many individuals, chartered vessels, and crews that have participated in the Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Bonneville Power Administration ocean and estuary work. We thank the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife for providing scale samples from the terminal fishery, specifically the efforts of Geoffrey Whisler, Christopher Rodriguez, and the crew at the Willamette Hatchery. This work was funded in part by the Army Corps of Engineers Contract Number W66QKZ30925048 as part of the ocean entry timing and adult returns study. Finally, we would like to thank those who reviewed this manuscript internally and the two anonymous reviewers, associate editor, and editor who provided valuable critique. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 56 TC 20 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 140 IS 4 BP 1135 EP 1144 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.607050 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 836VH UT WOS:000296142700024 ER PT J AU MacDonald, DD Ingersoll, CG Smorong, DE Sinclair, JA Lindskoog, R Wang, N Severn, C Gouguet, R Meyer, J Field, J AF MacDonald, Donald D. Ingersoll, Christopher G. Smorong, Dawn E. Sinclair, Jesse A. Lindskoog, Rebekka Wang, Ning Severn, Corrine Gouguet, Ron Meyer, John Field, Jay TI Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment of the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana: Part 2. An Evaluation of the Predictive Ability of Effects-Based Sediment-Quality Guidelines SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; TOXICITY; MARINE; CHEMISTRY; CRITERIA; FLORIDA; METALS AB Three sets of effects-based sediment-quality guidelines (SQGs) were evaluated to support the selection of sediment-quality benchmarks for assessing risks to benthic invertebrates in the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana. These SQGs included probable effect concentrations (PECs), effects range median values (ERMs), and logistic regression model (LRMs)-based T(50) values. The results of this investigation indicate that all three sets of SQGs tend to underestimate sediment toxicity in the Calcasieu Estuary (i.e., relative to the national data sets), as evaluated using the results of 10-day toxicity tests with the amphipod, Hyalella azteca, or Ampelisca abdita, and 28-day whole-sediment toxicity tests with the H. azteca. These results emphasize the importance of deriving site-specific toxicity thresholds for assessing risks to benthic invertebrates. C1 [MacDonald, Donald D.; Smorong, Dawn E.; Sinclair, Jesse A.] MacDonald Environm Sci Ltd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 1W6, Canada. [Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Wang, Ning] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Lindskoog, Rebekka] Summit Environm Consultants Ltd, Vernon, BC V1T 9P9, Canada. [Severn, Corrine] Premier Environm Serv Inc, Las Vegas, NV 89135 USA. [Gouguet, Ron] Windward Environm LLC, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. [Meyer, John] US EPA, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. [Field, Jay] NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP MacDonald, DD (reprint author), MacDonald Environm Sci Ltd, 24-4800 Isl Highway N, Nanaimo, BC V9T 1W6, Canada. EM mesl@shaw.ca FU USEPA (Region VI); CDM Federal Programs Corporation (Dallas, TX) FX The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful review comments on an earlier draft of this article. The authors also thank a number of individuals who supported the collection and analysis of environmental samples in the Calcasieu Estuary, including Mitch Goldberg, Scott Stone, Jerome Jackson (CDM Federal Programs Corp.), John Martin, Bill Marsh, Jason Kase, Gary Tourtellotte, Isaac Lynch, Mike Letson, Chris McCarthy, Melanie Wiggins, Angelica Malta, John Burgess, Martha Klein, Winthrop Allen, Mitch Elcan, Rich Reeves, Kevin Sanders, Herb Kelly, Mark Stinnett, Bill Stanton (CH2 M HILL), Sammie Faulk (Heberts Marina), Frank Kelly, Mark Wood (PPG Industries), K. M. Bagawandoss, Gina Smith, Kristie Olexy, Teresa Marino, Shannon Gautreau (American Analytical and Technical Services, Inc.), Robert Taylor, Terry Wade (Texas A&M University), Bill Luksemburg (ALTA Laboratories), Brad Craig (ACZ Laboratories), Anne Shortelle, Hugh Thomas (Harding ESE, Inc.), Scott Carr, James Biedenbach, Tom May, Nile Kemble, Doug Hardesty, Tom Johnson, and Bill Brumbaugh (United States Geological Survey). Compilation, translation, validation, and auditing of laboratory data were conducted by Dana Michel (Integrate, Inc.), Greg George (CH2 M HILL), Cherie Zakowski, and Amanda Burton (CDM Federal Program Corp.). The funding for this project was provided by USEPA (Region VI) through a contract with CDM Federal Programs Corporation (Dallas, TX). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 61 IS 1 BP 14 EP 28 DI 10.1007/s00244-010-9637-8 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 777FJ UT WOS:000291601000002 PM 21442249 ER PT J AU MacDonald, DD Ingersoll, CG Kemble, NE Smorong, DE Sinclair, JA Lindskoog, R Gaston, G Sanger, D Carr, RS Biedenbach, J Gouguet, R Kern, J Shortelle, A Field, LJ Meyer, J AF MacDonald, Donald D. Ingersoll, Christopher G. Kemble, Nile E. Smorong, Dawn E. Sinclair, Jesse A. Lindskoog, Rebekka Gaston, Gary Sanger, Denise Carr, R. Scott Biedenbach, James Gouguet, Ron Kern, John Shortelle, Ann Field, L. Jay Meyer, John TI Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment of the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana: Part 3. An Evaluation of the Risks to Benthic Invertebrates Associated With Exposure to Contaminated Sediments SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROPHIC STRUCTURE; MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITIES; QUALITY GUIDELINES; CRITERIA AB The sediments in the Calcasieu Estuary are contaminated with a wide variety of chemicals of potential concern (COPCs), including heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalates, chlorinated benzenes, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. The sources of these COPCs include both point and non-point source discharges. As part of a baseline ecological risk assessment, the risks to benthic invertebrates posed by exposure to sediment-associated COPCs were assessed using five lines of evidence, including whole-sediment chemistry, pore-water chemistry, whole-sediment toxicity, pore-water toxicity, and benthic invertebrate community structure. The results of this assessment indicated that exposure to whole sediments and/or pore water from the Calcasieu Estuary generally posed low risks to benthic invertebrate communities (i.e., risks were classified as low for 68% of the sampling locations investigated). However, incremental risks to benthic invertebrates (i.e., compared with those associated with exposure to conditions in reference areas) were indicated for 32% of the sampling locations within the estuary. Of the three areas of concern (AOCs) investigated, the risks to benthic invertebrates were highest in the Bayou d'Inde AOC; risks were generally lower in the Upper Calcasieu River AOC and Middle Calcasieu River AOC. The areas showing the highest risks to sediment-dwelling organisms were generally located in the vicinity of point source discharges of COPCs. These results provided risk managers with the information required to make decisions regarding the need for remedial actions at the site. C1 [MacDonald, Donald D.; Smorong, Dawn E.; Sinclair, Jesse A.] MacDonald Environm Sci Ltd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 1W6, Canada. [Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Kemble, Nile E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Lindskoog, Rebekka] Summit Environm Consultants Ltd, Vernon, BC V1T 9P9, Canada. [Sanger, Denise] S Carolina Marine Resources Res Inst, Charleston, SC 29422 USA. [Carr, R. Scott; Biedenbach, James] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Gouguet, Ron] Windward Environm LLC, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. [Kern, John] NOAA, St Petersburg, FL 33702 USA. [Shortelle, Ann] Harding ESE Inc, Gainesville, FL 32602 USA. [Field, L. Jay] NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Meyer, John] US EPA, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. RP MacDonald, DD (reprint author), MacDonald Environm Sci Ltd, 24-4800 Isl Highway N, Nanaimo, BC V9T 1W6, Canada. EM mesl@shaw.ca FU USEPA (Region VI); CDM Federal Programs Corporation (Dallas, TX) FX The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful review comments on an earlier draft of this article. The authors also thank a number of individuals who supported the collection and analysis of environmental samples in the Calcasieu Estuary, including Mitch Goldberg, Scott Stone, Jerome Jackson (CDM Federal Programs Corporation), John Martin, Bill Marsh, Jason Kase, Gary Tourtellotte, Isaac Lynch, Mike Letson, Chris McCarthy, Melanie Wiggins, Angelica Malta, John Burgess, Martha Klein, Winthrop Allen, Mitch Elcan, Rich Reeves, Kevin Sanders, Herb Kelly, Mark Stinnett, Bill Stanton (CH2 M HILL), Capt. Sammie Faulk (Heberts Marina), Frank Kelly, Mark Wood (PPG Industries), K. M. Bagawandoss, Gina Smith, Kristie Olexy, Teresa Marino, Shannon Gautreau (American Analytical and Technical Services, Inc.), Robert Taylor, Terry Wade (Texas A&M University), Bill Luksemburg (ALTA Laboratories), Brad Craig (ACZ Laboratories), Anne Shortelle, Hugh Thomas (Harding ESE, Inc.), James Biedenbach, Tom May, Nile Kemble, Doug Hardesty, Tom Johnson, and Bill Brumbaugh (USGS). Compilation, translation, validation, and auditing of laboratory data were conducted by Dana Michel (Integrate, Inc.), Greg George (CH2 M HILL), Cherie Zakowski, and Amanda Burton (CDM Federal Program Corporation). Funding for this project was provided by the USEPA (Region VI), through a contract with CDM Federal Programs Corporation (Dallas, TX). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 61 IS 1 BP 29 EP 58 DI 10.1007/s00244-010-9638-7 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 777FJ UT WOS:000291601000003 PM 21442248 ER PT J AU Tang, YH Solve, S Witt, TJ AF Tang, Yi-hua Solve, Stephane Witt, Thomas J. TI Allan Variance Analysis of Josephson Voltage Standard Comparison for Data Taken at Unequal Time Intervals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2010) CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Korea Res Inst Standards & Sci, SOUTH KOREA HO Korea Res Inst Standards & Sci DE Allan variance (Avar); Josephson voltage standard (JVS) comparison; pressure effect; uncertainty; 1/f noise AB Stochastic serial correlations are often ignored in the statistical uncertainty (Type A) analysis of measurement values. For repeated measurements, the standard deviation of the mean is often used to specify Type-A uncertainty, but it is frequently underestimated by assuming that it is given by the standard deviation divided by the square root of the number of measurements. Methods of time-series analysis such as the Allan variance (Avar) formalism give realistic estimates of Type-A uncertainty, but they require equal time intervals between successive measurements. This requirement is difficult to satisfy in comparisons of Josephson voltage standards (JVSs) because of the instability of the voltage steps and the small number of repeated measurements. A JVS comparison was made using a completely automatic compact JVS. The time intervals were uneven; thus, we studied the effect of their irregularity on the Avar by simulating data having the same noise model and uneven time intervals as the measured data. We found that, for this JVS comparison, the Avar is only slightly affected by uneven intervals. The noise was found to be a mixture of white and 1/f noise. The latter limits the Allan deviation to 0.64 nV after 14.3 h of measurement. The method of simulating data this way should be applicable to other complex measurement situations. C1 [Tang, Yi-hua] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Solve, Stephane; Witt, Thomas J.] Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. RP Tang, YH (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 60 IS 7 BP 2248 EP 2254 DI 10.1109/TIM.2011.2132190 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 775BQ UT WOS:000291432000015 ER PT J AU Landim, RP Tang, YH Afonso, E Ferreira, V AF Landim, Regis Pinheiro Tang, Yi-hua Afonso, Edson Ferreira, Vitor TI A 10 V Josephson Voltage Standard Comparison Between NIST and INMETRO as a Link to BIPM SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2010) CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Korea Res Inst Standards & Sci, SOUTH KOREA HO Korea Res Inst Standards & Sci DE Automation; interlaboratory comparison; Josephson arrays; Josephson Voltage Standard (JVS); uncertainty AB This paper describes a 10 V Josephson Voltage Standard (JVS) direct comparison between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalizacao e Qualidade Industrial (INMETRO) using automatic data acquisition. The results were in agreement to within 1.1 nV and the mean difference between the two JVSs at 10 V is 0.54 nV with a pooled combined standard uncertainty of 1.48 nV. Considering a recent JVS comparison between NIST and the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), the difference between INMETRO and the BIPM thus was found to be -0.26 nV with a standard uncertainty of 1.76 nV. INMETRO JVS improvements since the 2006 INMETRO-BIPM comparison are also described. C1 [Landim, Regis Pinheiro; Afonso, Edson; Ferreira, Vitor] Inst Nacl Metrol Normalizacao & Qualidade Ind INM, BR-25250020 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Tang, Yi-hua] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Landim, RP (reprint author), Inst Nacl Metrol Normalizacao & Qualidade Ind INM, BR-25250020 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM rplandim@inmetro.gov.br; yi-hua.tang@nist.gov; eafonso@inmetro.gov.br; vferreira@inmetro.gov.br NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 60 IS 7 BP 2353 EP 2358 DI 10.1109/TIM.2010.2099370 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 775BQ UT WOS:000291432000032 ER PT J AU Filipski, PS Boecker, M Benz, SP Burroughs, CJ AF Filipski, Piotr S. Boecker, Michael Benz, Samuel P. Burroughs, Charles J., Jr. TI Experimental Determination of the Voltage Lead Error in an AC Josephson Voltage Standard SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2010) CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Korea Res Inst Standards & Sci, SOUTH KOREA HO Korea Res Inst Standards & Sci DE Digital-analog conversion; Josephson arrays; quantization; signal synthesis; standards; superconductor-normal-superconductor devices; voltage measurement ID DC TRANSFER STANDARD AB The National Research Council (NRC) of Canada has recently established an alternating-current Josephson voltage standard (ACJVS) system based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology pulse-driven Josephson junction arrays. This paper describes the efforts undertaken at the NRC and the experience that was gained. An experimental method of measuring corrections for the voltage probe lead errors is described, and first results are reported. By introducing the ACJVS, the NRC will be able to reduce the uncertainties of the thermal transfer standard calibration by threefold on the 200-mV range and five-to tenfold on the 20-mV range, in comparison with thermal-converter-and micropotentiometer-based calibrations. C1 [Filipski, Piotr S.; Boecker, Michael] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Natl Measurement Stand, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Benz, Samuel P.; Burroughs, Charles J., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Filipski, PS (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Natl Measurement Stand, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. EM Peter.Filipski@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 60 IS 7 BP 2387 EP 2392 DI 10.1109/TIM.2011.2113830 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 775BQ UT WOS:000291432000037 ER PT J AU Tang, YH AF Tang, Yi-hua TI Automation of Direct Josephson Voltage Standard Comparison and an Application SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2010) CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Korea Res Inst Standards & Sci, SOUTH KOREA HO Korea Res Inst Standards & Sci DE Alternative protocol; automation; digital voltmeter (DVM) polarity offset; filter; Josephson voltage standard (JVS) comparison AB A direct comparison between two Josephson voltage standard (JVS) systems has been used in the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures key comparisons or regional supplementary comparisons to ensure the uniformity of the representation of the volt based on KJ-90 with a relative uncertainty of a few parts in 10(10) at a nominal voltage of 10 V. Most direct JVS comparisons are manually operated. Hardware and protocol for an automatic direct JVS comparison have been developed to verify the performance of a JVS while retaining the same level of uncertainty attained by a manual comparison. The automatic JVS direct comparison significantly improves the efficiency of the data acquisition. A case study examining the offset related to the digital voltmeter polarity in an automatic direct JVS comparison is presented. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tang, YH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 60 IS 7 BP 2404 EP 2408 DI 10.1109/TIM.2011.2108611 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 775BQ UT WOS:000291432000040 ER PT J AU Qu, JF Benz, SP Pollarolo, A Rogalla, H AF Qu, Jifeng Benz, Samuel P. Pollarolo, Alessio Rogalla, Horst TI Reduced Nonlinearity Effect on the Electronic Measurement of the Boltzmann Constant SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2010) CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Korea Res Inst Standards & Sci, SOUTH KOREA HO Korea Res Inst Standards & Sci DE Correlation; digital-analog conversion; Josephson arrays; noise; nonlinearities; quantization; signal synthesis; standards; superconductor-normal-superconductor devices; temperature ID JOHNSON NOISE THERMOMETRY; THERMAL AGITATION; CALIBRATION; CONDUCTORS; METROLOGY AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology has developed a quantum-voltage-noise-source-calibrated Johnson noise thermometer (JNT) to provide a new electronic measurement technique for determining the Boltzmann constant. Improvements in electronics and synthesized noise waveforms have led to reduced uncertainty in the measurement. Recent investigations have shown that some of the distortion in the present electronics arises in the differential stage of both the preamplifier and the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The distortion can be reduced by compensating the direct current offset of the signal at the inputs to the differential stage. A four-channel cross correlation JNT with optimized preamplifiers and new ADCs is being assembled. The improvements are on track to reach the goal of an electronic measurement of the Boltzmann constant at a relative uncertainty of 6 x 10(-6). C1 [Qu, Jifeng] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. [Benz, Samuel P.; Pollarolo, Alessio] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Rogalla, Horst] Univ Twente, Dept Appl Phys, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. RP Qu, JF (reprint author), Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. EM qujf@nim.ac.cn NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 60 IS 7 BP 2427 EP 2433 DI 10.1109/TIM.2010.2099310 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 775BQ UT WOS:000291432000044 ER PT J AU Burroughs, CJ Dresselhaus, PD Rufenacht, A Olaya, D Elsbury, MM Tang, YH Benz, SP AF Burroughs, Charles J., Jr. Dresselhaus, Paul D. Ruefenacht, Alain Olaya, David Elsbury, Michael M. Tang, Yi-Hua Benz, Samuel P. TI NIST 10 V Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard System SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2010) CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Korea Res Inst Standards & Sci, SOUTH KOREA HO Korea Res Inst Standards & Sci DE Digital-analog conversion; Josephson arrays; power measurement; quantization; signal synthesis; standards; superconducting device packaging; superconducting devices; voltage measurement ID JUNCTIONS; ERROR AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology has developed and implemented a new programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) that operates at 10 V. This next-generation system is optimized for both dc metrology and stepwise-approximated ac voltage measurements for frequencies up to a few hundreds of hertz. The nonhysteretic Josephson junctions produce intrinsically stable voltages and are designed to operate in the 18-20 GHz frequency range. The most recent 10 V PJVS circuits have total output current ranges greater than 1 mA. C1 [Burroughs, Charles J., Jr.; Dresselhaus, Paul D.; Olaya, David; Elsbury, Michael M.; Benz, Samuel P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ruefenacht, Alain] Fed Off Metrol METAS, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. [Tang, Yi-Hua] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Burroughs, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 60 IS 7 BP 2482 EP 2488 DI 10.1109/TIM.2010.2101191 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 775BQ UT WOS:000291432000053 ER PT J AU Kang, JS Kang, NW Gentle, DG MacReynolds, K Francis, MH AF Kang, Jin-Seob Kang, No-Weon Gentle, David G. MacReynolds, Katherine Francis, Michael H. TI Intercomparison of Standard Gain Horn Antennas at W-Band SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2010) CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Korea Res Inst Standards & Sci, SOUTH KOREA HO Korea Res Inst Standards & Sci DE Antenna measurements; gain measurement; horn antennas; millimeter-wave antennas; uncertainty AB An intercomparison of two W-band (75-110 GHz) standard gain horn antennas of nominal gains 24 and 27 dB has been performed at the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), National Physical Laboratory (NPL), and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The measurement parameters for this comparison are the power gain and complex reflection coefficient of the traveling standards measured at 75, 95, and 110 GHz, and, as an option, the swept-frequency power gain measured over the frequency range of 75-110 GHz with a finite frequency step. All participants performed the fixed-frequency antenna measurements, whereas the swept-frequency antenna measurements were carried out by the NPL and the NIST. This paper describes the comparison and its measurement results with uncertainties. Generally, the agreement between the results in all the measurements is within the uncertainty of each participant, except for fixed-frequency gain results of the high-gain antenna at 110 GHz, reflection coefficient results at some fixed frequencies, and swept-frequency gain results of the high-gain antenna in the low-and high-frequency regions of the W-band. C1 [Kang, Jin-Seob; Kang, No-Weon] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon 305340, South Korea. [Gentle, David G.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [MacReynolds, Katherine; Francis, Michael H.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kang, JS (reprint author), Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon 305340, South Korea. EM jinskang@kriss.re.kr; David.Gentle@npl.co.uk; katherine.macreynolds@nist.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 60 IS 7 BP 2627 EP 2633 DI 10.1109/TIM.2010.2103413 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 775BQ UT WOS:000291432000077 ER PT J AU Pollarolo, A Urano, C Dresselhaus, PD Qu, JF Rogalla, H Benz, SP AF Pollarolo, Alessio Urano, Chiharu Dresselhaus, Paul D. Qu, Jifeng Rogalla, Horst Benz, Samuel P. TI Development of a Four-Channel Johnson Noise Thermometry System SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2010) CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Korea Res Inst Standards & Sci, SOUTH KOREA HO Korea Res Inst Standards & Sci DE Boltzmann's equation; correlation; digital-analog conversion; Josephson arrays; measurement units; noise measurement; quantization; signal synthesis; standards; temperature ID CALIBRATION AB Long integration periods are necessary to reach low uncertainty when measuring temperature through Johnson noise thermometry (JNT). The main goal of the National Institute of Standards and Technology JNT program is to achieve a combined relative uncertainty of 6 x 10(-6) in the measurement of the water triple point temperature, which, in turn, allows determination of Boltzmann's constant at the same uncertainty. To this end, a four-channel JNT system, which will reduce the measurement period twofold, is being developed with new components, including a switchboard, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), and a programmable recharging power supply system. A significant source of systematic error that was discovered while implementing the new ADCs is described. New measurements are presented using a doubled ADC sampling rate, which show the potential for higher measurement bandwidth. C1 [Pollarolo, Alessio] Politecn Torino, I-10129 Turin, Italy. [Pollarolo, Alessio; Urano, Chiharu; Dresselhaus, Paul D.; Benz, Samuel P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Urano, Chiharu] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. [Qu, Jifeng] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. [Rogalla, Horst] Univ Twente, Dept Appl Phys, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. RP Pollarolo, A (reprint author), Politecn Torino, I-10129 Turin, Italy. EM alessio.pollarolo@nist.gov; sambenz@yahoo.com NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 60 IS 7 BP 2655 EP 2659 DI 10.1109/TIM.2010.2098110 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 775BQ UT WOS:000291432000081 ER PT J AU Durand, M Lawall, J Wang, YC AF Durand, Mathieu Lawall, John Wang, Yicheng TI Fabry-Perot Displacement Interferometry for Next-Generation Calculable Capacitor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2010) CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Korea Res Inst Standards & Sci, SOUTH KOREA HO Korea Res Inst Standards & Sci DE Calculable capacitor; displacement; Fabry-Perot; interferometry; length AB A new Fabry-Perot interferometer for state-of-the-art displacement measurements is demonstrated. Two different methods for measuring the change in the length of an optical cavity are employed and compared. The "radio frequency" method employs no optical reference and allows us to measure the length of a prototype Fabry-Perot cavity to an rms statistical uncertainty of 560 pm, corresponding to a fractional uncertainty better than 7 x 10(-9). The "optical" method employs an atomic Rb transition as an optical reference. The inherent measurement redundancy allows us to confirm that the system is largely free of parasitic Fabry-Perot cavities which are a potentially troublesome source of systematic errors. We currently achieve a measurement uncertainty of 100 pm with the optical method, limited largely by the stability of the aluminum prototype cavity. C1 [Durand, Mathieu; Lawall, John; Wang, Yicheng] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Durand, M (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Mathieu.durand@nist.gov; john.lawall@nist.gov; yicheng.wang@nist.gov OI Durand, Mathieu/0000-0001-5366-0473 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 60 IS 7 BP 2673 EP 2677 DI 10.1109/TIM.2010.2091310 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 775BQ UT WOS:000291432000084 ER PT J AU Cui, XH Crowley, TP AF Cui, Xiaohai Crowley, T. P. TI Comparison of Experimental Techniques for Evaluating the Correction Factor of a Rectangular Waveguide Microcalorimeter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2010) CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Korea Res Inst Standards & Sci, SOUTH KOREA HO Korea Res Inst Standards & Sci DE Microcalorimeter; microwave power; millimeter-wave power; primary standards AB We evaluated the correction factor of a new WR-15 (50-75 GHz) rectangular waveguide microcalorimeter with four different techniques. The four methods are in agreement. The technique with the lowest uncertainty utilized two identical microcalorimeter core sections whose reference planes were connected to each other. Use of this technique has enabled us to reduce the uncertainty in effective efficiency by a factor of 2.5 relative to an earlier microcalorimeter. C1 [Cui, Xiaohai] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. [Cui, Xiaohai; Crowley, T. P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cui, XH (reprint author), Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. EM crowley@boulder.nist.gov NR 6 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 60 IS 7 BP 2690 EP 2695 DI 10.1109/TIM.2011.2130990 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 775BQ UT WOS:000291432000087 ER PT J AU Avramov-Zamurovic, S Dagalakis, NG Lee, RD Yoo, JM Kim, YS Yang, SH AF Avramov-Zamurovic, Svetlana Dagalakis, Nicholas G. Lee, Rae Duk Yoo, Jae Myung Kim, Yong Sik Yang, Seung Ho TI Embedded Capacitive Displacement Sensor for Nanopositioning Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2010) CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Korea Res Inst Standards & Sci, SOUTH KOREA HO Korea Res Inst Standards & Sci DE Capacitance measurement; displacement measurement; fabrication; nano-size positioners; nanotechnology; sensitivity AB The scale of nano-sized objects requires very precise position determination. The state-of-the-art manipulators involve accurate nanometer positioning. This paper presents the design, fabrication process, and testing of a capacitance-based displacement sensor. The nanopositioner application required active sensing area dimensions to be hundreds of micrometers, making it necessary to develop sensor electrodes that are a few micrometers in size. The advantages of the sensor presented are its noninvasive method and very low voltage necessary for signal conditioning. Initial results suggest good linearity and sensitivity of 0.001 pF/mu m, permitting a reliable displacement resolution on the order of 100 nm. C1 [Avramov-Zamurovic, Svetlana] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Dagalakis, Nicholas G.; Lee, Rae Duk; Yoo, Jae Myung; Kim, Yong Sik; Yang, Seung Ho] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Avramov-Zamurovic, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM avramov@usna.edu NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 60 IS 7 BP 2730 EP 2737 DI 10.1109/TIM.2011.2126150 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 775BQ UT WOS:000291432000094 ER PT J AU Thomas, WC Zarr, RR AF Thomas, William C. Zarr, Robert R. TI Thermal response simulation for tuning PID controllers in a 1016 mm guarded hot plate apparatus SO ISA TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Guarded hot plate; Mathematical simulation; PID; Temperature control; Thermal response; Thermal conductivity AB A mathematical model has been developed and used to simulate the controlled thermal performance of a large guarded hot-plate apparatus. This highly specialized apparatus comprises three interdependent components whose temperatures are closely controlled in order to measure the thermal conductivity of insulation materials. The simulation model was used to investigate control strategies and derive controller gain parameters that are directly transferable to the actual instrument. The simulations take orders-of-magnitude less time to carry out when compared to traditional tuning methods based on operating the actual apparatus. The control system consists primarily of a PC-based PID control algorithm that regulates the output voltage of programmable power amplifiers. Feedback parameters in the form of controller gains are required for the three heating circuits. An objective is to determine an improved set of gains that meet temperature control criteria for testing insulation materials of interest. The analytical model is based on aggregated thermal capacity representations of the primary components and includes the same control algorithm as used in the actual hot-plate apparatus. The model, accounting for both thermal characteristics and temperature control, was validated by comparisons with test data. The tuning methodology used with the simulation model is described and results are presented. The resulting control algorithm and gain parameters have been used in the actual apparatus without modification during several years of testing materials over wide ranges of thermal conductivity, thickness, and insulation resistance values. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of ISA. C1 [Zarr, Robert R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Thomas, William C.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Zarr, RR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8632, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.zarr@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [60NANB9D9115]; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of this investigation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology grant 60NANB9D9115 and by the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. We appreciate the reviews provided by W.M. Healy and D. Veronica, both with the NIST Building Environment Division, and S.J. Treado, with Pennsylvania State University. In particular, we are grateful for the insightful comments relative to positional and incremental control methods provided by D. Veronica. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0019-0578 J9 ISA T JI ISA Trans. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 50 IS 3 BP 504 EP 512 DI 10.1016/j.isatra.2011.02.001 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 775JG UT WOS:000291455000017 PM 21377157 ER PT J AU Moreau, JL Sun, LM Chow, LC Xu, HHK AF Moreau, Jennifer L. Sun, Limin Chow, Laurence C. Xu, Hockin H. K. TI Mechanical and acid neutralizing properties and bacteria inhibition of amorphous calcium phosphate dental nanocomposite SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE dental nanocomposite; calcium phosphate; acid neutralization; S. mutans; stress bearing; tooth caries inhibition ID STREPTOCOCCUS-MUTANS; IN-VITRO; ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES; ORAL STREPTOCOCCI; GLASS-IONOMER; RESTORATIVE MATERIALS; SECONDARY CARIES; COMPOSITE RESIN; BIOFILM MODEL; GAP SIZE AB Dental composites do not hinder bacteria colonization and plaque formation. Caries at the restoration margins is a frequent reason for replacement of existing restorations, which accounts for 50 to 70% of all restorations. The objectives of this study were to examine the filler level effect on nanocomposite containing nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) and investigate the load-bearing and acid-neutralizing properties and bacteria inhibition. NACP with 116-nm particle size were synthesized via a spray-drying technique and incorporated into a resin. Flexural strength of nanocomposite with 10 to 30% NACP fillers matched the strength of a commercial hybrid composite (p > 0.1). Nanocomposite with 40% NACP matched the strength of a microfill composite, which was 2-fold that of a resin-modified glass ionomer. Nanocomposite with 40% NACP neutralized a lactic acid solution of pH 4 by rapidly increasing the pH to 5.69 in 10 min. In contrast, the commercial controls had pH staying at near 4. Using Streptoccocus mutans, an agar disk-diffusion test showed no inhibition zone for commercial controls. In contrast, the inhibition zone was (2.5 +/- 0.7) mm for nanocomposite with 40% NACP. Crystal violet staining showed that S. mutans coverage on nanocomposite was 1/4 that on commercial composite. In conclusion, novel calcium-phosphate nanocomposite matched the mechanical properties of commercial composite and rapidly neutralized lactic acid of pH 4. The nanocomposite appeared to moderately reduce the S. mutans growth, and further study is needed to obtain strong antimicrobial properties. The new nanocomposite may have potential to reduce secondary caries and restoration fracture, two main challenges facing tooth cavity restorations. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 98B: 80-88, 2011. C1 [Moreau, Jennifer L.; Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Sun, Limin; Chow, Laurence C.] NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM hxu@umaryland.edu FU NIH/NIDCR [R01 DE17974, R01 DE11789]; University of Maryland Dental School, NIST; American Dental Association Foundation FX Contract grant sponsor: NIH/NIDCR; contract grant numbers: R01 DE17974, R01 DE11789; Contract grant sponsors: University of Maryland Dental School, NIST; American Dental Association Foundation NR 46 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1552-4973 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES B JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B PD JUL PY 2011 VL 98B IS 1 BP 80 EP 88 DI 10.1002/jbm.b.31834 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 777EP UT WOS:000291598900009 PM 21504057 ER PT J AU Goodrich, LF Cheggour, N Lu, XF Splett, JD Stauffer, TC Filla, BJ AF Goodrich, L. F. Cheggour, N. Lu, X. F. Splett, J. D. Stauffer, T. C. Filla, B. J. TI Method for determining the irreversible strain limit of Nb3Sn wires SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; AXIAL-STRAIN; SUPERCONDUCTING WIRES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; CRITICAL CURRENTS; TEMPERATURE; CONDUCTORS; DEPENDENCE AB We define a rigorous and reliable method for determining the irreversible strain limit of Nb3Sn wires. The critical current (I-c) is measured as a function of applied longitudinal strain (epsilon), I-c(epsilon), at one magnetic field and a temperature of 4.0 K. The sample is loaded and partially unloaded at progressively higher strain levels to determine the irreversible strain limit, epsilon(irr), which is defined as the maximum loaded strain where I-c is still reversible. Our method uses a polynomial fit of the loaded I-c(epsilon) to derive the I-c residuals for the loaded and unloaded points that are analyzed to determine the limit of irreversibility. The effect of varying the amount of strain unloading is also studied. The possibility and problems of using the strain dependent n-value (which indicates the steepness of the electric field-current, E-I, curve) to determine epsilon(irr) are discussed. The method presented here to determine epsilon(irr) has proven to be repeatable for many types of commercial Nb3Sn wires. This method can also be more generally used to determine epsilon(irr) for any brittle low-temperature or high-temperature superconducting material. C1 [Goodrich, L. F.; Cheggour, N.; Lu, X. F.; Splett, J. D.; Stauffer, T. C.; Filla, B. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cheggour, N.; Lu, X. F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Goodrich, LF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM goodrich@boulder.nist.gov RI Lu, Xifeng/D-9582-2011; Cheggour, Najib/K-2769-2012 OI Cheggour, Najib/0000-0002-0741-3065 FU US Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics (HEP) and Office of Fusion Energy Sciences; US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP); International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) Organization; US ITER Project Office; NIST, a US government agency; Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics (HEP) and Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP), the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) Organization, and the US ITER Project Office. We acknowledge those that provided superconducting samples, including Oxford Superconductor Technology (OST), Luvata, SupraMagnetics Inc, Supergenics, Hyper Tech Research, and the US HEP Conductor Development Program (CDP). This work was partially supported by NIST, a US government agency, and is not subject to US copyright. The authors thank the following Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) students who helped develop some of the software and hardware for this work: Joshua Williams, Robert LiKamWa, and Ildiko Walker. Certain commercial products are referred to in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the products identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 24 IS 7 AR 075022 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/24/7/075022 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 775NU UT WOS:000291467500022 ER PT J AU Powell, CJ Werner, WSM Smekal, W AF Powell, C. J. Werner, W. S. M. Smekal, W. TI Effects of elastic scattering and analyzer-acceptance angle on the analysis of angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE XPS; angle-resolved XPS; elastic scattering; analyzer-acceptance angle; silicon oxynitride; hafnium oxynitride ID SURFACE-ANALYSIS; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; DEPTH; PROFILES; XPS; THICKNESS; TRANSPORT; SOLIDS; ARXPS; FILMS AB We have made calculations of N 1s, O 1s, Si(oxide) 2p, Hf 4f, and Si(substrate) 2p photoelectron intensities at selected emission angles for films of SiO(1.6)N(0.4) and HfO(1.9)N(0.1) of various thicknesses on silicon. These calculations were made with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Database for Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis (SESSA) to investigate effects of elastic scattering and analyzer-acceptance angle that could be relevant in the analysis of angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) experiments. The simulations were made for an XPS configuration with a fixed angle between the X-ray source (i.e. for the sample-tilting mode of ARXPS) and with Al and Cu K alpha X-ray sources. The no-loss intensities changed appreciably as elastic scattering was switched 'on' and 'off', but changing the analyzer-acceptance angle had a smaller effect. Ratios of intensities for each line from the overlayer film for the least realistic model condition (elastic scattering switched 'off', small analyzer-acceptance angle) to those from the most realistic model condition (elastic scattering switched 'on', finite analyzer-acceptance angle) changed relatively slowly with emission angle, but the corresponding intensity ratio for the Si(substrate) 2p line changed appreciably with emission angle. The latter changes, in particular, indicate that neglect of elastic-scattering effects can lead to erroneous results in the analysis of measured ARXPS data. The elastic-scattering effects were larger in HfO(1.9)N(0.1) than in SiO(1.6)N(0.4) (due to the larger average atomic number in the former compound) and were larger with the Al K alpha X-ray source than with the Cu K alpha source because of the larger cross sections for elastic scattering at the lower photoelectron energies. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Powell, C. J.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Werner, W. S. M.; Smekal, W.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Appl Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cedric.powell@nist.gov NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1046 EP 1056 DI 10.1002/sia.3689 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 777FI UT WOS:000291600900006 ER PT J AU Rowe, MD Perlinger, JA Fairall, CW AF Rowe, Mark D. Perlinger, Judith A. Fairall, Christopher W. TI A Lagrangian Model to Predict the Modification of Near-Surface Scalar Mixing Ratios and Air-Water Exchange Fluxes in Offshore Flow SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Air-sea gas exchange; Bulk Richardson number; Internal boundary layer; Offshore flow; Stability ID INTERNAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; COLD SEA; PARAMETERIZATION; VERIFICATION AB A model was developed to predict the modification with fetch in offshore flow of mixing ratio, air-water exchange flux, and near-surface vertical gradients in mixing ratio of a scalar due to air-water exchange. The model was developed for planning and interpretation of air-water exchange flux measurements in the coastal zone. The Lagrangian model applies a mass balance over the internal boundary layer (IBL) using the integral depth scale approach, previously applied to development of the nocturnal boundary layer overland. Surface fluxes and vertical profiles in the surface layer were calculated using the NOAA COARE bulk algorithm and gas transfer model (e.g., Blomquist et al. 2006, Geophys Res Lett 33:1-4). IBL height was assumed proportional to the square root of fetch, and estimates of the IBL growth rate coefficient, alpha, were obtained by three methods: (1) calibration of the model to a large dataset of air temperature and humidity modification over Lake Ontario in 1973, (2) atmospheric soundings from the 2004 New England Air Quality Study and (3) solution of a simplified diffusion equation and an estimate of eddy diffusivity from Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (MOST). Reasonable agreement was obtained between the calibrated and MOST values of alpha for stable, neutral, and unstable conditions, and estimates of alpha agreed with previously published parametrizations that were valid for the stable IBL only. The parametrization of alpha provides estimates of IBL height, and the model estimates modification of scalar mixing ratio, fluxes, and near-surface gradients, under conditions of coastal offshore flow (0-50 km) over a wide range in stability. C1 [Rowe, Mark D.; Perlinger, Judith A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Fairall, Christopher W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Perlinger, JA (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM jperl@mtu.edu OI Rowe, Mark/0000-0002-0852-3346 FU Great Lakes Commission; NOAA FX Funding was provided by the Great Lakes Commission and the NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere program. Reginald Hill of NOAA/ESRL provided the example for Matlab code for the analysis of the NEAQS data. Conversations with Richard E. Honrath contributed to the early development of the IBLTE model. David Phillips responded to inquiries regarding the availability of original data from the Phillips and Irbe (1978) article. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 EI 1573-1472 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 140 IS 1 BP 87 EP 103 DI 10.1007/s10546-011-9598-0 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 774BH UT WOS:000291355800006 ER PT J AU Buonaccorsi, VP Bunce, A Kimbrell, C Lynn, E Hyde, J AF Buonaccorsi, Vincent P. Bunce, Ashton Kimbrell, Carol Lynn, Eric Hyde, John TI Development of metabolic-process EST-SSR PCR primers within the bocaccio rockfish Sebastes paucispinis SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE EST-SSR; Sebastes; Population genetics; Conservation genetics; Fisheries management ID ADAPTIVE VARIATION AB The bocaccio rockfish has historically supported an important fishery on the west coast of North America, and experienced a severe population collapse in the past several decades. Here we report development of 13 EST-SSR PCR primer pairs developed from previously published Sebastes EST databases. All loci are involved in metabolic processes. Diversity in a collection of bocaccio rockfish from off central California ranged from 2 to 17 alleles, with heterozygosities of 0.24-0.92. The loci will be informative in further resolving stock structure issues and possible local adaptation along the species' broad latitudinal range. C1 [Buonaccorsi, Vincent P.; Bunce, Ashton] Juniata Coll, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. [Kimbrell, Carol; Lynn, Eric; Hyde, John] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Buonaccorsi, VP (reprint author), Juniata Coll, 1700 Moore St, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. EM buonaccorsi@juniata.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 3 IS 3 BP 475 EP 477 DI 10.1007/s12686-011-9382-y PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 771OG UT WOS:000291169700018 ER PT J AU Able, KW Grothues, TM Rowe, PM Wuenschel, MJ Vasslides, JM AF Able, Kenneth W. Grothues, Thomas M. Rowe, Peter M. Wuenschel, Mark J. Vasslides, James M. TI Near-Surface Larval and Juvenile Fish in Coastal Habitats: Comparisons Between the Inner Shelf and an Estuary in the New York Bight During Summer and Fall SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Ichthyoplankton; New York Bight; Inner continental shelf; Estuary; Connectivity ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; BLUEFISH POMATOMUS-SALTATRIX; SOUTHERN NEW-JERSEY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; UNITED-STATES; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NURSERY HABITATS; EAST-COAST; TRANSPORT; ASSEMBLAGES AB Exchanges of fish larvae between the inner continental shelf and estuaries can be critical to the functional significance of these habitats as nurseries. We sampled near-surface fishes on the inner continental shelf off New Jersey and in an adjacent estuary during the summer and fall of 2005 and 2006 to evaluate the occurrence and variation in these connections. Very few of the abundant taxa (Anchoa mitchilli, Brevoortia tyrannus, Urophycis regia, Etropus microstomus, Peprilus triacanthus, and Pomatomus saltatrix) were exclusive to either habitat but some did change in relative habitat affinity among seasons. For some species, this was indicative of a departure from the ocean for estuaries (e.g., Micropogonias undulatus) while others used both habitats during the summer and fall (e.g., Syngnathus fuscus, Scophthalmus aquosus, and A. mitchilli). Together, these observations confirm the high degree of connectivity between the near-surface larval fishes from the inner continental shelf and estuaries. C1 [Able, Kenneth W.; Grothues, Thomas M.; Rowe, Peter M.; Wuenschel, Mark J.; Vasslides, James M.] Rutgers State Univ, Marine Field Stn, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. [Wuenschel, Mark J.] Woods Hole Lab, NOAA NMFS NEFSC, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Rowe, Peter M.] New Jersey Sea Grant Consortium, Ft Hancock, NJ 07732 USA. [Vasslides, James M.] Ocean Cty Coll, Toms River, NJ 08754 USA. RP Able, KW (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Marine Field Stn, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, 800 C-O,132 Great Bay Blvd, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. EM able@marine.rutgers.edu FU Rutgers University; National Marine Fisheries Service collaborative program FX We appreciate the experience of Captain J. Zlotnik and R. Hoden while sampling aboard R/V Arabella. G. Bell, D. Bottinelli, B. Rokeach, R. Nichols, J. Conwell, and M. Greaney assisted in the collection and laboratory workup of samples. A. Muzeni and J. Lamonaca provided expertise in larval fish identification. R. Hagan and S. Zeck collected many of the estuary samples. Anonymous reviewers and an associate editor markedly improved the quality of the manuscript with careful comments. This study was funded through a Bluefish/Striped Bass Research Program (Rutgers University and National Marine Fisheries Service collaborative program). We are grateful to all of the above. This paper is contribution no. 2011-2 of the Rutgers University Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences. NR 56 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2011 VL 34 IS 4 BP 726 EP 738 DI 10.1007/s12237-011-9399-1 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 772TO UT WOS:000291259800006 ER PT J AU Keister, JE Di Lorenzo, E Morgan, CA Combes, V Peterson, WT AF Keister, J. E. Di Lorenzo, E. Morgan, C. A. Combes, V. Peterson, W. T. TI Zooplankton species composition is linked to ocean transport in the Northern California Current SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biogeography; circulation; climate change; Copepods; Northern California Current; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; species composition; zooplankton ID PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; CENTRAL OREGON COAST; EL-NINO; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; COPEPOD BIODIVERSITY; MODELING-SYSTEM; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEM AB In the Northern California Current (NCC), zooplankton communities show interannual and multiyear shifts in species dominance that are tracked by survival of salmon populations. These zooplankton community changes correlate with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index: a 'warm-water' copepod species group is more abundant during warm (positive) phases of the PDO and less abundant during cold (negative) phases; the reverse occurs for a 'cold-water' species group. The observed relationship led to the hypothesis that the relative dominance of warm/cold-water copepods in the NCC is driven by changes in the horizontal advection of surface water over different phases of the PDO. To test this hypothesis, variation in surface water advection to coastal regions of the NCC over the period of 1950-2008 was investigated using a Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and passive tracer experiments, then was compared with zooplankton collected off Oregon since 1996. Results showed that surface water advection varied with the phase of the PDO; the low-frequency component of advection anomalies strongly correlated with copepod species composition (R > 0.9). During positive phases of the PDO, current anomalies were northward and onshore, resulting in transport of warmer waters and the associated copepods into the region. During negatives phases, increased equatorward current anomalies led to a copepod community that was dominated by cold-water taxa. Our results support the hypothesis that climate-driven changes in basin-scale circulation controls copepod community composition in the NCC, and demonstrate that large-scale climate forcings downscale to influence local and regional ecosystem structure. C1 [Keister, J. E.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Di Lorenzo, E.; Combes, V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Morgan, C. A.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Peterson, W. T.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Keister, JE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jkeister@u.washington.edu RI Keister, Julie/J-8720-2012; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/E-9107-2012 OI Keister, Julie/0000-0002-9385-5889; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/0000-0002-1935-7363 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0814698] FX We thank N. Mariani and G. Kowalke for assistance with data analysis. Numerous scientists and ship crew participated in the zooplankton collections over the years; we particularly thank T. Shaw, L. Feinberg, J. Menkel, J. Peterson, and J. Lamb. Without all of them, this project would not have been possible. Funded was provided by the National Science Foundation under grant #OCE-0814698. This is U.S. GLOBEC contribution #682. NR 44 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 17 IS 7 BP 2498 EP 2511 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02383.x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 772FZ UT WOS:000291221000019 ER PT J AU Politikos, DV Triantafyllou, G Petihakis, G Tsiaras, K Somarakis, S Ito, SI Megrey, BA AF Politikos, Dimitris V. Triantafyllou, George Petihakis, George Tsiaras, Kostas Somarakis, Stylianos Ito, Shin-Ichi Megrey, Bernard A. TI Application of a bioenergetics growth model for European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) linked with a lower trophic level ecosystem model SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Bioenergetics model; Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus); Lower trophic ecosystem model; Northern Aegean Sea; NEMURO.FISH ID NORTHEASTERN AEGEAN SEA; PHYTOPLANKTON-ZOOPLANKTON MODEL; POPULATION-DYNAMICS MODEL; BIOGEOCHEMICAL FLUX MODEL; NW MEDITERRANEAN SEA; DAILY EGG-PRODUCTION; SMALL PELAGIC FISH; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; CLUPEA-HARENGUS; ADRIATIC SEA AB A bioenergetics model is implemented for European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and applied to the north-eastern Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean Sea). The model reproduces the growth of anchovy in a one-way linked configuration with a lower trophic level (LTL) ecosystem model. The LTL model provides densities for three zooplankton functional groups (heterotrophic flagellates, microzooplankton and mesozooplankton) which serve as available energy via consumption for the anchovy model. Our model follows the basic structure of NEMURO.FISH type models (North Pacific Ecosystem Model for Understanding Regional Oceanography for Including Saury and Herring). Several model parameters were specific for the Mediterranean or the Black Sea anchovy and some others were adopted from related species and NEMURO.FISH due to lack of biological information on E. encrasicolus. Simulation results showed that the fastest growth rate occurs during spring and the slowest growth rate from August to December. Zooplankton abundance during autumn was low implying that decreased prey density lead to a reduction in anchovy weight, especially for the age-3 class. Feeding parameters were adjusted to adequately fit the model growth estimates to available weight-at-age data. A detailed sensitivity analyses is conducted to evaluate the importance of the biological processes (consumption, respiration, egestion, specific dynamic action, excretion and egg production) and their parameters to fish growth. The most sensitive parameters were the intercept and exponent slope of the weight-dependent consumption and respiration process equations. Fish weight was fairly sensitive to temperature-dependent parameters. C1 [Politikos, Dimitris V.; Triantafyllou, George; Petihakis, George; Tsiaras, Kostas; Somarakis, Stylianos] Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Anavissos 19013, Greece. [Politikos, Dimitris V.] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Dept Math, Sch Appl Math & Phys Sci, Athens 15780, Greece. [Ito, Shin-Ichi] Fisheries Res Agcy, Tohoku Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Shiogama, Miyagi 9850001, Japan. [Megrey, Bernard A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Triantafyllou, G (reprint author), Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Anavissos 19013, Greece. EM gt@ath.hcmr.gr RI Triantafyllou, George/C-4104-2011; Petihakis, George/C-4534-2011; Ito, Shin-ichi/E-2981-2012; Tsiaras, Kostas/A-9973-2013 OI Petihakis, George/0000-0002-4290-3588; Ito, Shin-ichi/0000-0002-3635-2580; FU European Commission [GOCE-036949]; Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Japan FX We would like to express our appreciation to Dr. A. Machias and Dr. M. Giannoulaki for providing important information on the biology of anchovy. The authors are thankful to two anonymous reviewers for their careful reading of our article. This research was supported by the SESAME project, EC Contract No GOCE-036949, funded by the European Commission's Sixth Framework Programme under the priority 'Sustainable Development, Global Change and Ecosystems'. S. Ito's participation in this research was supported by SUPRFISH Project and Global Warming Project of Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Japan. B. A. Megrey's participation in this research is noted as contribution FOCI-0658 to NOAA's Ecosystem and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. NR 79 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUL PY 2011 VL 670 IS 1 BP 141 EP 163 DI 10.1007/s10750-011-0674-8 PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 772GQ UT WOS:000291222700010 ER PT J AU Wallmo, K Lew, DK AF Wallmo, Kristy Lew, Daniel K. TI Valuing improvements to threatened and endangered marine species: An application of stated preference choice experiments SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Choice experiments; Non-market valuation; Threatened and endangered species; Marine mammals; Stated preference methods; Willingness-to-pay ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE; CONTINGENT VALUATION; HYPOTHETICAL BIAS; SPOTTED OWL; PUBLIC GOOD; SCOPE TEST; SUBSTITUTES; REMINDERS; BENEFITS AB Non-market valuation research has produced value estimates for over forty threatened and endangered (T&E) species, including mammals, fish, birds, and crustaceans. Increasingly, Stated Preference Choice Experiments (SPCE) are utilized for valuation, as the format offers flexibility for policy analysis and may reduce certain types of response biases relative to the more traditional Contingent Valuation method. Additionally, SPCE formats can allow respondents to make trade-offs among multiple species, providing information on the distinctiveness of preferences for different T&E species. In this paper we present results of an SPCE involving three U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA)-listed species: the Puget Sound Chinook salmon, the Hawaiian monk seal, and the smalltooth sawfish. We estimate willingness-to-pay (WTP) values for improving each species' ESA listing status and statistically compare these values between the three species using a method of convolutions approach. Our results suggest that respondents have distinct preferences for the three species, and that WTP estimates differ depending on the species and the level of improvement to their ESA status. Our results should be of interest to researchers and policy-makers, as we provide value estimates for three species that have limited, if any, estimates available in the economics literature, as well as new information about the way respondents make trade-offs among three taxonomically different species. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wallmo, Kristy] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Econ & Social Anal Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Lew, Daniel K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Lew, Daniel K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wallmo, K (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Econ & Social Anal Div, SSMC 3,F-ST5,1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Kristy.Wallmo@noaa.gov OI Lew, Daniel/0000-0002-3394-138X FU [NA04NMF4370385]; [NA04NMF4340350] FX The views and opinions expressed in this article represent those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. This research was conducted under grant numbers NA04NMF4370385 and NA04NMF4340350 awarded to the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission and Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, respectively. NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 9 U2 33 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 92 IS 7 BP 1793 EP 1801 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.02.012 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 771XD UT WOS:000291193100015 PM 21392881 ER PT J AU DeRose, PC Smith, MV Mielenz, KD Anderson, JR Kramer, GW AF DeRose, Paul C. Smith, Melody V. Mielenz, Klaus D. Anderson, Jeffrey R. Kramer, Gary W. TI Characterization of Standard Reference Material 2942, Ce-ion-doped glass, spectral correction standard for UV fluorescence SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE Fluorescence; Instrument qualification; Ce glass; Spectral correction; SRM; Standards AB Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2942 is a cuvette-shaped, Ce-ion-doped glass, recommended for use for relative spectral correction of emission from 320 to 430 nm and day-to-day performance verification of steady-state fluorescence spectrometers. Properties of this standard that influence its effective use or contribute to the uncertainty in its certified emission spectrum were explored here. These properties include its photostability, absorbance, dissolution rate in water, anisotropy and temperature coefficient of fluorescence intensity. The expanded uncertainties in the certified spectrum are about 9% around the peak maximum at 330 nm, using an excitation wavelength of 310 nm. The SRM also exhibits a strong resistance to photodegradation, with no measurable decrease in fluorescence intensity even after 25 h of irradiation with UV light > 280 nm from a Xe lamp. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [DeRose, Paul C.; Smith, Melody V.; Mielenz, Klaus D.; Anderson, Jeffrey R.; Kramer, Gary W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP DeRose, PC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.derose@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 EI 1872-7883 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 131 IS 7 BP 1294 EP 1299 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2011.03.002 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 771BT UT WOS:000291132900009 ER PT J AU Garver, JM Yang, ZB Kato, S Wren, SW Vogelhuber, KM Lineberger, WC Bierbaum, VM AF Garver, John M. Yang, Zhibo Kato, Shuji Wren, Scott W. Vogelhuber, Kristen M. Lineberger, W. Carl Bierbaum, Veronica M. TI Gas Phase Reactions of 1,3,5-Triazine: Proton Transfer, Hydride Transfer, and Anionic sigma-Adduct Formation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Gas phase reactions; 1,3,5-triazine; Hydride transfer; Proton transfer; Meisenheimer complex ID NUCLEOPHILIC AROMATIC-SUBSTITUTION; POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; MEISENHEIMER COMPLEXES; AB-INITIO; REDUCTION REACTIONS; C-H; ION; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; AFFINITIES; DISSOCIATION AB The gas phase reactivity of 1,3,5-triazine with several oxyanions and carbanions, as well as amide, was evaluated using a flowing afterglow-selected ion flow tube mass spectrometer. Isotopic labeling, H/D exchange, and collision induced dissociation experiments were conducted to facilitate the interpretation of structures and fragmentation processes. A multi-step (-> HCN + HC2N (2) (-) -> CN- + 2 HCN) and/or single-step (-> CN- + 2 HCN) ring-opening collision-induced fragmentation process appears to exist for 1,3,5-triazinide. In addition to proton and hydride transfer reactions, the data indicate a competitive nucleophilic aromatic addition pathway (SNAr) over a wide range of relative gas phase acidities to form strong anionic sigma-adducts (Meisenheimer complexes). The significant hydride acceptor properties and stability of the anionic sigma-adducts are rationalized by extremely electrophilic carbon centers and symmetric charge delocalization at the electron-withdrawing nitrogen positions. The types of anion-arene binding motifs and their influence on reaction pathways are discussed. C1 [Garver, John M.; Yang, Zhibo; Kato, Shuji; Wren, Scott W.; Vogelhuber, Kristen M.; Lineberger, W. Carl; Bierbaum, Veronica M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wren, Scott W.; Vogelhuber, Kristen M.; Lineberger, W. Carl; Bierbaum, Veronica M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wren, Scott W.; Vogelhuber, Kristen M.; Lineberger, W. Carl; Bierbaum, Veronica M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bierbaum, VM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM veronica.bierbaum@colorado.edu RI Vogelhuber, Kristen/L-9569-2013 OI Vogelhuber, Kristen/0000-0002-8439-4013 FU National Science Foundation [CHE 1012321]; AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0046]; Air Force Institute of Technology; TeraGrid Advanced Support Program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support of this work by the National Science Foundation (CHE 1012321) and the AFOSR (FA9550-09-1-0046). J.M.G. respectfully acknowledges the sponsorship and support of the Air Force Institute of Technology. The computational work was supported by an allocation through the TeraGrid Advanced Support Program. The authors appreciate the insightful discussions with Professor Charles H. DePuy. NR 65 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1260 EP 1272 DI 10.1007/s13361-011-0133-9 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 772SW UT WOS:000291257400017 PM 21953109 ER PT J AU Lipman, R Palmer, M Palacios, S AF Lipman, Robert Palmer, Mark Palacios, Sebastian TI Assessment of conformance and interoperability testing methods used for construction industry product models SO AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION LA English DT Article DE AEC; Building information modeling; BIM; Conformance testing; Construction; Interoperability; Product data modeling; Test suites; Verification AB This paper presents a review and assessment of conformance and interoperability testing methods for product data models used in the construction industry. Conformance testing methodologies, with varying degrees of rigor, have been developed and applied to ensure interoperability across product modeling software applications in other engineering and industry domains, such as, engineering and manufacturing of automotive and aerospace products. Current conformance testing and evaluation of interoperability for construction industry product modeling software do not necessarily apply those same principles and are usually done on an ad-hoc basis. Key principles are identified for improved methods and metrics for developing conformance and interoperability testing capabilities for the construction industry. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lipman, Robert; Palmer, Mark] NIST, Comp Integrated Bldg Proc Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Palacios, Sebastian] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Lipman, R (reprint author), NIST, Comp Integrated Bldg Proc Grp, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8630, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.lipman@nist.gov; mark.palmer@nist.gov; sebastian.palacios@gatech.edu NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-5805 J9 AUTOMAT CONSTR JI Autom. Constr. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 20 IS 4 BP 418 EP 428 DI 10.1016/j.autcon.2010.11.011 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 768YQ UT WOS:000290976300011 ER PT J AU Strus, MC Chiaramonti, AN Kim, YL Jung, YJ Keller, RR AF Strus, Mark C. Chiaramonti, Ann N. Kim, Young Lae Jung, Yung Joon Keller, Robert R. TI Accelerated reliability testing of highly aligned single-walled carbon nanotube networks subjected to DC electrical stressing SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; METALLIC NANOTUBES; OHMIC CONTACTS; GAS SENSORS; TRANSPARENT; FILMS; ELECTROMIGRATION; CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT; BREAKDOWN AB We investigate the electrical reliability of nanoscale lines of highly aligned, networked, metallic/semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) fabricated through a template-based fluidic assembly process. We find that these SWCNT networks can withstand DC current densities larger than 10 MA cm(-2) for several hours and, in some cases, several days. We develop test methods that show that the degradation rate, failure predictability and total device lifetime can be linked to the initial resistance. Scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy suggest that fabrication variability plays a critical role in the rate of degradation, and we offer an empirical method of quickly determining the long-term performance of a network. We find that well-fabricated lines subject to constant electrical stress show a linear accumulation of damage reminiscent of electromigration in metallic interconnects, and we explore the underlying physical mechanisms that could cause such behavior. C1 [Strus, Mark C.; Chiaramonti, Ann N.; Keller, Robert R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kim, Young Lae; Jung, Yung Joon] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Strus, MC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mark.strus@nist.gov RI Keller, Robert/I-9014-2012; Chiaramonti, Ann/E-7459-2013; Jung, Yung Joon/L-2032-2013 OI Chiaramonti, Ann/0000-0001-9933-3267; FU NIST Office of Microelectronics; National Research Council; NSF-ECCS [0925566] FX The authors thank the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs and the National Research Council for supporting this work. The authors are grateful to A Smolyanitsky, D T Read and N Barbosa III from the NIST Materials Reliability Division in Boulder, CO for their helpful insight and review of this work, and L Robins for his Raman spectrum analysis. YJJ acknowledges the support from the NSF-ECCS program (0925566). NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JUL 1 PY 2011 VL 22 IS 26 AR 265713 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/22/26/265713 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 765OY UT WOS:000290719500051 PM 21586818 ER PT J AU Reddy, PT Jaruga, P Nelson, BC Lowenthal, M Dizdaroglu, M AF Reddy, Prasad T. Jaruga, Pawel Nelson, Bryant C. Lowenthal, Mark Dizdaroglu, Miral TI Stable isotope-labeling of DNA repair proteins, and their purification and characterization SO PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION LA English DT Article DE DNA repair; DNA glycosylases; Isotope-dilution; Mass spectrometry; OGG1 ID BASE-EXCISION-REPAIR; OGG1 GENE; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; HUMAN HOMOLOG; GLYCOSYLASE; CANCER; DAMAGE; EXPRESSION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CLONING AB Reduced DNA repair capacity is associated with increased risk for a variety of disease processes including carcinogenesis. Thus, DNA repair proteins have the potential to be used as important predictive, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers in cancer and other diseases. The measurement of the expression level of these enzymes may be an excellent tool for this purpose. Mass spectrometry is becoming the technique of choice for the identification and quantification of proteins. However, suitable internal standards must be used to ensure the precision and accuracy of measurements. An ideal internal standard in this case would be a stable isotope-labeled analog of the analyte protein. In the present work, we over-expressed, purified and characterized two stable isotope-labeled DNA glycosylases, i.e., N-15-labeled Escherichia coli formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg) and N-15-labeled human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (hOGG1). DNA glycosylases are involved in the first step of the base excision repair of oxidatively induced DNA damage by removing modified DNA bases. The measurement by MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry of the molecular mass and isotopic purity proved the identity of the N-15-labeled proteins and showed that the N-15-labeling of both proteins was more than 99.7%. We also measured the DNA glycosylase activities using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with isotope-dilution. The enzymic activities of both N-15-labeled Fpg and N-15-labeled hOGG1 were essentially identical to those of their respective unlabeled counterparts, ascertaining that the labeling did not perturb their catalytic sites. The procedures described in this work may be used for obtaining stable isotope-labeled analogs of other DNA repair proteins for mass spectrometric measurements of these proteins as disease biomarkers. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Reddy, Prasad T.; Jaruga, Pawel; Nelson, Bryant C.; Dizdaroglu, Miral] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lowenthal, Mark] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reddy, PT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM prasad.reddy@nist.gov; miral@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-5928 EI 1096-0279 J9 PROTEIN EXPRES PURIF JI Protein Expr. Purif. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 78 IS 1 BP 94 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.pep.2011.02.011 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 762HZ UT WOS:000290467200013 PM 21356311 ER PT J AU Lehman, JH Terrones, M Mansfield, E Hurst, KE Meunier, V AF Lehman, John H. Terrones, Mauricio Mansfield, Elisabeth Hurst, Katherine E. Meunier, Vincent TI Evaluating the characteristics of multiwall carbon nanotubes SO CARBON LA English DT Review ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; RAMAN-SCATTERING; THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS; PYROELECTRIC DETECTOR; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GRAPHENE LAYERS; SURFACE-AREA; OXIDATION; CVD AB During the past 20 years, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have become an important industrial material. Hundreds of tons are produced each year. This review is a survey of the scientific literature, motivated by industrial requirements and guidelines for environment, health and safety compliance. Sampling, size, area, density, color, crystallinity, as well as purity compared to properties of non-MWCNT carbon and catalyst metals, are presented. No single measurement tool provides a complete characterization; therefore, we summarize methods that include scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fast Fourier transform of high-resolution TEM, Raman spectroscopy, reflectance and thermogravimetric analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveals information with regard to functional groups interacting the tube surface. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis is reviewed as the basis for evaluating specific surface area. We extend the review by presenting taxonomy of defects present in MWCNTs. Finally, we provide an appendix from documentary standards that are pertinent and reasonable for bulk measurements. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lehman, John H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Terrones, Mauricio] Shinshu Univ, Res Ctr Exot Nanocarbons JST, Nagano 3808553, Japan. [Terrones, Mauricio] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Phys, Davey Lab 104, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Terrones, Mauricio] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, Davey Lab 104, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mansfield, Elisabeth] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hurst, Katherine E.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Meunier, Vincent] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Lehman, JH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Phys Measurement Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lehman@boulder.nist.gov RI Mansfield, Elisabeth/C-5258-2012; Meunier, Vincent/F-9391-2010; Terrones, Mauricio/B-3829-2014 OI Mansfield, Elisabeth/0000-0003-2463-0966; Meunier, Vincent/0000-0002-7013-179X; FU JST-Japan FX Thanks to Prof. M.S. Dresslhaus for helpful feedback regarding this review. M.T. thanks JST-Japan for funding the Research Center for Exotic NanoCarbons, under the Japanese regional Innovation Strategy Program by the Excellence. Thanks to Robert Keller for comments regarding imaging. NR 113 TC 261 Z9 264 U1 21 U2 208 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD JUL PY 2011 VL 49 IS 8 BP 2581 EP 2602 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2011.03.028 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 757KM UT WOS:000290083900001 ER PT J AU Ross, PS Barlow, J Jefferson, TA Hickie, BE Lee, T MacFarquhar, C Parsons, EC Riehl, KN Rose, NA Slooten, E Tsai, CY Wang, JY Wright, AJ Yang, SC AF Ross, Peter S. Barlow, Jay Jefferson, Thomas A. Hickie, Brendan E. Lee, Tatiana MacFarquhar, Christina Parsons, E. Christien Riehl, Kimberly N. Rose, Naomi A. Slooten, Elisabeth Tsai, Chia-Yang Wang, John Y. Wright, Andrew J. Yang, Shih Chu TI Ten guiding principles for the delineation of priority habitat for endangered small cetaceans SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Cetaceans; Conservation; Endangered; Habitat; Marine mammals; Species at risk ID MARINE MAMMAL SANCTUARY; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; EASTERN TAIWAN STRAIT; PROTECTED AREAS; NEW-ZEALAND; BANKS PENINSULA; SPECIES RECOVERY; COMMON DOLPHINS; SOUSA-CHINENSIS; CONSERVATION AB The adoption of endangered species laws in various nations has intensified efforts to better understand, and protect, at-risk species or populations, and their habitats. In many countries, delineating a portion of a species' habitat as particularly worthy of protection has become a mantra of these laws. Unfortunately, the laws themselves often provide scientists and managers with few, if any, guidelines for how to define such habitat. Conservationists and scientists may view protecting part of the habitat of an endangered species as an ineffectual compromise, while managers may be under pressure to allow a range of human activities within the species' habitat. In the case of small cetaceans, establishing boundaries for such areas can also be complicated by their mobility, the fluid nature of their environment, and the often ephemeral nature of their habitat features. The convergence of multiple human impacts in coastal waters around the world is impacting many small cetaceans (and other species) that rely on these areas for feeding, reproducing, and resting. The ten guiding principles presented here provide a means to characterize the habitat needs of small, at-risk cetaceans, and serve as a basis for the delineation of 'priority habitat' boundaries. This conceptual approach should facilitate a constructive discourse between scientists and managers engaged in efforts to recover endangered species. The degree to which the recovery of an at-risk species can be reconciled with sustainable economic activity will depend in part on how well these principles are incorporated into the delineation of priority habitat. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ross, Peter S.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Barlow, Jay] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Jefferson, Thomas A.] Clymene Enterprises, San Diego, CA 92124 USA. [Hickie, Brendan E.; Riehl, Kimberly N.; Wang, John Y.] Trent Univ, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Lee, Tatiana] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Vancouver, BC V6C 2S4, Canada. [MacFarquhar, Christina] Wild Heart Legal Def Assoc, Taipei 10045, Taiwan. [Parsons, E. Christien] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Rose, Naomi A.] Humane Soc Int, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. [Slooten, Elisabeth] Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Tsai, Chia-Yang] Changhua Environm Protect Union, Lukang 505, Changhua, Taiwan. [Wright, Andrew J.] Aarhus Univ, Natl Environm Res Inst, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Wang, John Y.; Yang, Shih Chu] FormosaCetus Res & Conservat Grp, Thornhill, ON L4J 7X1, Canada. RP Ross, PS (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, POB 6000, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. EM peter.s.ross@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; jay.barlow@noaa.gov; sclymene@aol.com; bhickie@trentu.ca; Tatiana.Lee@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; christinamacfarquhar@gmail.com; ecm-parsons@earthlink.net; kimberlyriehl2@trentu.ca; nrose@hsi.org; liz.slooten@stonebow.otago.ac.nz; waders.taiwan@gmail.com; perassidens@rogers.com; awr@dmu.dk; yang.shihchu@gmail.com RI Parsons, Edward Christien/C-2409-2011; Slooten, Elisabeth/E-7425-2014 OI Parsons, Edward Christien/0000-0002-0464-1046; Wright, Andrew/0000-0002-8718-8143; Slooten, Elisabeth/0000-0001-5384-511X NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 35 IS 4 BP 483 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2010.11.004 PG 6 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 751FX UT WOS:000289604000008 ER PT J AU Samhouri, JF Levin, PS James, CA Kershner, J Williams, G AF Samhouri, Jameal F. Levin, Phillip S. James, C. Andrew Kershner, Jessi Williams, Greg TI Using existing scientific capacity to set targets for ecosystem-based management: A Puget Sound case study SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Reference level or reference point; Target; Baseline; Threshold; Social norms; Puget Sound ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; SAN-FRANCISCO ESTUARY; ECOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CORAL-REEFS; INDICATORS; WASHINGTON; FISHERIES; COMMUNITIES AB Human actions have altered the structure and function of coastal ecosystems worldwide. In many locations, the overall portfolio of goods, cultural amenities, and supporting services provided by the marine environment has deteriorated. Ecosystem-based management (EBM) offers significant promise for addressing these issues because it is a comprehensive and integrated approach designed to reconcile conflicts and trade-offs among users of marine resources. A key step in the implementation of EBM is the establishment of target reference levels, or desired states, for indicators that reflect the status of the ecosystem. This paper reviews five approaches, borrowed from a variety of disciplines, to establish target reference levels for EBM. The approaches include the use of existing reference levels, reference directions, and reference levels based on nonlinear functional relationships, baselines, or social norms. Each approach is particularly suitable for EBM because it can be used alone or in combination with others to contextualize status for a diverse suite of ecosystem goals influenced by a wide variety of human activities. Perhaps most importantly, these approaches offer a prospectus for moving forward with EBM by using readily available information, motivating existing scientific capacity, and addressing trade-offs implicit to the setting of targets. This last point is articulated via examples of how each type of reference level might be applied in Puget Sound, WA, USA, where the efforts of scientists, managers, and policy makers have aligned recently in the interest of EBM implementation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Samhouri, Jameal F.; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Samhouri, Jameal F.; Williams, Greg] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Portland, OR 97202 USA. [James, C. Andrew] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kershner, Jessi] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Samhouri, JF (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jameal.samhouri@noaa.gov NR 116 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 35 IS 4 BP 508 EP 518 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2010.12.002 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 751FX UT WOS:000289604000011 ER PT J AU Olson, J AF Olson, Julia TI Producing nature and enacting difference in ecosystem-based fisheries management: An example from the Northeastern US SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem-based fisheries management; Social mapping; Social production of nature; Stakeholder involvement; Fishing communities ID MARINE FOOD WEBS; SATISFACTION; COMMUNITY; PERSPECTIVE; GOVERNANCE; COMPLEXITY; KNOWLEDGE; POLITICS; IMPACT; FISH AB The science and management of marine resources is increasingly grappling with the use of ecosystem-based fisheries management. Though ecosystem-based fisheries management seeks to unite biological and sociocultural concerns into a holistic framework, people are often seen simply as external drivers of change. The technical questions that are often posed, such as the delineation of boundaries or the strategies of governance, are however more broadly questions concerning the social production of nature. This paper explores these issues by analyzing both the spatial fishing practices of different fishermen and the results of a series of workshops held in New England to solicit opinions about ecosystem-based fisheries management. The paper emphasizes teasing apart the human dimensions of fishing embedded in predominant notions such as fishing effort through more explicit consideration of spatially based resource dependencies and mutual constitution of society-nature. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Olson, J (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM julia.olson@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 35 IS 4 BP 528 EP 535 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2011.01.016 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 751FX UT WOS:000289604000013 ER PT J AU Brinson, A Lee, MY Rountree, B AF Brinson, Ayeisha Lee, Min-Yang Rountree, Barbara TI Direct marketing strategies: The rise of community supported fishery programs SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Community Supported Fisheries; Direct marketing; Commercial fisheries; Local food; Sustainable seafood ID SEAFOOD; PRICES AB Community Supported Fishery (CSF) Programs are arrangements between fishermen and consumers where consumers provide upfront payments to fishermen in exchange for scheduled seafood deliveries. They are modeled after the popular Community Supported Agriculture Programs, a form of direct-to-consumer-marketing in which a group of individuals support a farm. There are multiple market and non-market benefits from these programs. Fishermen receive higher prices for fish, are guaranteed a stable income, and can activate political and regulatory support through direct interaction with consumers. Consumers are provided with access to high-quality novel types of fish and benefit from interactions with the producers of their food. CSFs have frequently collaborated with non-governmental organizations to address the challenges associated with these programs. Under the catch share system in the Northeast US groundfish fishery, sectors may be well-positioned to implement a CSF. Direct marketing through a CSF is not likely to completely replace traditional markets for fishermen, but can be a valuable supplement to their operations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Brinson, Ayeisha; Lee, Min-Yang; Rountree, Barbara] NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Social Sci Branch, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Brinson, A (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Social Sci Branch, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM ayeisha.brinson@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 35 IS 4 BP 542 EP 548 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2011.01.014 PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 751FX UT WOS:000289604000015 ER PT J AU Howard-Reed, C Liu, Z Benning, J Cox, S Samarov, D Leber, D Hodgson, AT Mason, S Won, DY Little, JC AF Howard-Reed, Cynthia Liu, Zhe Benning, Jennifer Cox, Steven Samarov, Daniel Leber, Dennis Hodgson, Alfred T. Mason, Stephany Won, Doyun Little, John C. TI Diffusion-controlled reference material for volatile organic compound emissions testing: Pilot inter-laboratory study SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Product emissions testing; Inter-laboratory study; Reference material; Volatile organic compounds AB To improve the reliability and accuracy of tests used to measure emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from samples of interior building products, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Virginia Tech (VT) have created a program to develop reference materials with independently predictable emission rates. A diffusive reference material and associated mechanistic model have been developed and are undergoing extensive evaluation. As part of this process, a pilot inter-laboratory study (ILS) was conducted with four laboratories using a polymer material loaded with toluene as the reference source. Results showed the prototype material to be a relatively stable, homogeneous source with consistent emissions both within and between production batches. A comparison of toluene emission rates determined by the laboratories showed relative standard deviations as low as 9%, which are significantly lower than inter-laboratory variations for most previous ILS exercises with VOC sources. At a sample time of 48 h, the mean measured toluene emission rate for all four laboratories was within 1% of the model predicted value. The success of this pilot ILS is a key step toward being able to provide a VOC reference material for independent validation of VOC emission tests conducted in small chambers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Howard-Reed, Cynthia; Samarov, Daniel; Leber, Dennis] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Zhe; Cox, Steven; Little, John C.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Benning, Jennifer] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Hodgson, Alfred T.] Berkeley Analyt Associates, LLC, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Mason, Stephany] Air Quality Sci Inc, Marietta, GA 30067 USA. [Won, Doyun] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Howard-Reed, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MS 8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chreed@nist.gov; liuzhe@vt.edu; jennifer.benning@gmail.com; stcox2@vt.edu; daniel.samarov@nist.gov; dennis.leber@nist.gov; ahodgson@berkeleyanaltyical.com; smason@aqs.com; doyun.won@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca; jcl@vt.edu RI Little, John/B-4154-2009; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 10 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1323 J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 46 IS 7 BP 1504 EP 1511 DI 10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.01.024 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 741SX UT WOS:000288886000018 ER PT J AU Portman, ME Jin, D Thunberg, E AF Portman, Michelle E. Jin, Di Thunberg, Eric TI The connection between fisheries resources and spatial land use change: The case of two New England fish ports SO LAND USE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Coastal land use; Fisheries; Ecosystem based management; Integrated coastal management; Marine resource management; Waterfronts; Spatial analysis; Vulnerability; Fishing community ID MANAGEMENT; BEDFORD; MASSACHUSETTS; RESILIENCE; IMPACTS AB This study examined interactions between targeted fish populations, aspects of the fishing industry and land use changes along two ports in New England. By tracking changes in land uses over a two-decade period using parcel level data and geographic information system (GIS) tools, we examined the relationship of changes in species biomass, landings and other fishing industry variables to community spatial change. Using logistic regression models we assessed the impacts on essential infrastructure for continued fishing industry activity. Our findings have implications for land use policy that should accompany efforts being made to rehabilitate fish stocks; it should ensure that current marine infrastructure will remain in place to support the fishing industry if and when species rebound. Our models show that in New Bedford Harbor, the larger of the two ports, increasing scallop biomass (considered a long-term factor) is associated with the increase of marine-related land uses. In Provincetown Harbor, short-term factors, such as value and volume of fish landings as well as stock sizes, influence land use change. These findings suggest that the smaller port (Provincetown) is more vulnerable to market conditions and therefore in need of greater land use controls to prevent the conversion of marine-related uses. We propose some directions for further research and present the methodology used as one that can be applied to research questions of a similar nature. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Portman, Michelle E.; Jin, Di] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Thunberg, Eric] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Social Sci Branch, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Portman, ME (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Environm Policy & Management Program, Dept Geog, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. EM mportman@cc.huji.ac.il NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8377 J9 LAND USE POLICY JI Land Use Pol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 28 IS 3 BP 523 EP 533 DI 10.1016/j.landusepol.2010.10.007 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 725DZ UT WOS:000287626700008 ER PT J AU Khakbaz, B Imam, B Sorooshian, S Koren, VI Cui, ZT Smith, MB Restrepo, P AF Khakbaz, Behnaz Imam, Bisher Sorooshian, Soroosh Koren, Victor I. Cui, Zhengtao Smith, Michael B. Restrepo, Pedro TI Modification of the National Weather Service Distributed Hydrologic Model for subsurface water exchanges between grids SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STREAMFLOW GENERATION; SURFACE-WATER; GROUNDWATER; RUNOFF; FLOW; OPTIMIZATION; SEARCH AB To account for spatial variability of precipitation, as well as basin physiographic properties, the National Weather Service (NWS) has developed a distributed version of its hydrologic component, termed the Hydrology Laboratory-Research Distributed Hydrologic Model (HL-RDHM). Because channels are the only source of water exchange between neighboring computational elements, the absence of such exchange has been identified as a weakness in the model. The primary objective of this paper is to modify the model structure to account for subsurface water exchanges without dramatically altering the conceptual framework of the water balance module. The subsurface exchanges are established by partitioning the slow response components released from the lower layer storages into two parts: the first part involves the grid's conceptual channel, while the second is added to the lower layer storages of the downstream pixel. Realizing the deficiency of the water balance module to locate the lower zone layers in sufficient depths, a complementary study is conducted to test the feasibility of further improvement in the modified model by equally shifting downward the lower zone layers of all pixels over the basin. The Baron Fork at Eldon, Oklahoma, is chosen as the test basin. Ten years of grid-based multisensor precipitation data are used to investigate the effects of the modification, plus shifting the lower zone layers on model performance. The results show that the modified-shifted HL-RDHM can markedly improve the streamflow simulations at the interior point, as well as very high peak-flow simulations at the basin's outlet. C1 [Khakbaz, Behnaz; Imam, Bisher; Sorooshian, Soroosh] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Koren, Victor I.; Cui, Zhengtao; Smith, Michael B.; Restrepo, Pedro] NOAA, Hydrol Lab, Off Hydrol Dev, WOHD 12,Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Khakbaz, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing, E4130 Engn Gateway, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM behkhakbaz@yahoo.com RI sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008 OI sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113 FU National Weather Service (NWS) Office of Hydrologic Development (OHD) through the Research Foundation of City University of NY (CUNY) [49,100-01A] FX Partial support for this research was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and National Weather Service (NWS) Office of Hydrologic Development (OHD) through the Research Foundation of City University of NY (CUNY) (grant 49,100-01A). The authors would like to thank Dan Braithwaite for his assistance in data processing. We also would like to thank Praveen Kumar and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN 29 PY 2011 VL 47 AR W06524 DI 10.1029/2010WR009626 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 787SO UT WOS:000292397200001 ER PT J AU Arcas, D Wei, Y AF Arcas, Diego Wei, Yong TI Evaluation of velocity-related approximations in the nonlinear shallow water equations for the Kuril Islands, 2006 tsunami event at Honolulu, Hawaii SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLITARY WAVES; RUNUP; SUMATRA AB The Nonlinear Shallow Water Equations (NSWE) provide a model for long wave behavior commonly used in tsunami modeling problems in which the scale associated with the surface wavelength is much greater than the ocean depth. This approximation allows for the derivation of the NSWE under the assumptions that the pressure is hydrostatic and the horizontal velocity components uniform along the water column. The present study uses current velocity data acquired by the Kilo Nalu Near-Shore Reef Observatory Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) on the south shore of Oahu (21.288 degrees N, 157.865 degrees W) in the aftermath of the 2006 Kuril tsunami to assess the validity of the NSWE assumptions on the velocity components. ADCP measurements provide information on all three velocity components along the water column, allowing the calculation of terms discarded in the NSWE approximation, containing temporal or vertical derivatives. Comparison of the relative magnitude of terms retained and neglected in the NSWE reveals that in shallow waters (10m) the size of discarded terms remains smaller, but approaches the order of magnitude of retained terms in the momentum equations. Not all terms present in the equations can be evaluated from the available data, so verification of the assumptions investigated here represents a necessary but not sufficient condition for the validity of the NSWE approximation to model tsunami waves in shallow coastal waters. Citation: Arcas, D., and Y. Wei (2011), Evaluation of velocity-related approximations in the nonlinear shallow water equations for the Kuril Islands, 2006 tsunami event at Honolulu, Hawaii, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L12608, doi:10.1029/2011GL047083. C1 [Arcas, Diego; Wei, Yong] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NOAA Ctr Tsunami Res, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Arcas, Diego; Wei, Yong] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Arcas, D (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NOAA Ctr Tsunami Res, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM deigo.arcas@noaa.gov RI Wei, Yong/I-3462-2015 OI Wei, Yong/0000-0002-6908-1342 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232] FX The authors would like to thank Gene Pawlak and Judith Wells from the Kilo Nalu Near-Shore Reef Observatory of the University of Hawaii for sharing their ADCP data. We also thank Liujuan Tang for her valuable comments during the preparation of this manuscript. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1232, contribution 1868. PMEL contribution 3630. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 29 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L12608 DI 10.1029/2011GL047083 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 787MN UT WOS:000292380800001 ER PT J AU Thorne, PW Brohan, P Titchner, HA McCarthy, MP Sherwood, SC Peterson, TC Haimberger, L Parker, DE Tett, SFB Santer, BD Fereday, DR Kennedy, JJ AF Thorne, Peter W. Brohan, Philip Titchner, Holly A. McCarthy, Mark P. Sherwood, Steve C. Peterson, Thomas C. Haimberger, Leopold Parker, David E. Tett, Simon F. B. Santer, Benjamin D. Fereday, David R. Kennedy, John J. TI A quantification of uncertainties in historical tropical tropospheric temperature trends from radiosondes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; TIME-SERIES; DATA SET; RECORDS; BIASES; REANALYSIS; PRODUCTS; NETWORK; QUALITY; SURFACE AB The consistency of tropical tropospheric temperature trends with climate model expectations remains contentious. A key limitation is that the uncertainties in observations from radiosondes are both substantial and poorly constrained. We present a thorough uncertainty analysis of radiosonde-based temperature records. This uses an automated homogenization procedure and a previously developed set of complex error models where the answer is known a priori. We perform a number of homogenization experiments in which error models are used to provide uncertainty estimates of real-world trends. These estimates are relatively insensitive to a variety of processing choices. Over 1979-2003, the satellite-equivalent tropical lower tropospheric temperature trend has likely (5-95% confidence range) been between -0.01 K/decade and 0.19 K/decade (0.05-0.23 K/decade over 1958-2003) with a best estimate of 0.08 K/decade (0.14 K/decade). This range includes both available satellite data sets and estimates from models (based upon scaling their tropical amplification behavior by observed surface trends). On an individual pressure level basis, agreement between models, theory, and observations within the troposphere is uncertain over 1979 to 2003 and nonexistent above 300 hPa. Analysis of 1958-2003, however, shows consistent model-data agreement in tropical lapse rate trends at all levels up to the tropical tropopause, so the disagreement in the more recent period is not necessarily evidence of a general problem in simulating long-term global warming. Other possible reasons for the discrepancy since 1979 are: observational errors beyond those accounted for here, end-point effects, inadequate decadal variability in model lapse rates, or neglected climate forcings. C1 [Thorne, Peter W.; Brohan, Philip; Titchner, Holly A.; McCarthy, Mark P.; Parker, David E.; Fereday, David R.; Kennedy, John J.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Thorne, Peter W.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Thorne, Peter W.; Peterson, Thomas C.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Santer, Benjamin D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Haimberger, Leopold] Univ Vienna, Dept Meteorol & Geophys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Sherwood, Steve C.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Tett, Simon F. B.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Thorne, PW (reprint author), Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. EM Peter.Thorne@noaa.gov RI Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011; Sherwood, Steven/B-5673-2008; Tett, Simon/B-1504-2013; Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014 OI Sherwood, Steven/0000-0001-7420-8216; Tett, Simon/0000-0001-7526-560X; Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798 FU Joint DECC; Defra Integrated Climate Programme - DECC/Defra [GA01101] FX Many Met Office research staff allowed their computers to be used to complete the monthly and pentad ensembles over Christmas 2007 and Christmas 2008. Steve Sherwood, Leo Haimberger, and Thomas Peterson received within-UK travel costs from the Met Office under the Integrated Climate Program while undertaking portions of this work. Discussions with Matt Menne and Claude Williams of NOAA NCDC on a related project helped focus some of the work. Met Office authors were supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme - DECC/Defra (GA01101). NCDC graphics team helped improve figure clarity. NR 50 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 29 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D12116 DI 10.1029/2010JD015487 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 787MK UT WOS:000292380500003 ER PT J AU Wee, SH Specht, ED Cantoni, C Zuev, YL Maroni, V Wong-Ng, W Liu, GY Haugan, TJ Goyal, A AF Wee, Sung Hun Specht, Eliot D. Cantoni, Claudia Zuev, Yuri L. Maroni, Victor Wong-Ng, Winnie Liu, Guangyao Haugan, Timothy J. Goyal, Amit TI Formation of stacking faults and their correlation with flux pinning and critical current density in Sm-doped YBa2Cu3O7-(delta) films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EPITAXIAL NDBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS; SELF-ASSEMBLED NANODOTS; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS; THIN-FILMS; DEFECTS; GROWTH; BAZRO3; LAYER AB A correlation between flux-pinning characteristics and stacking faults (SFs) formed by Sm substitution on Y and Ba sites was found in Sm-doped YBa2Cu3O7-delta films. It was confirmed that 223-type-SFs, Y2Ba2Cu3Ox, composed of extra Y and O planes aligned parallel to the ab-planes formed via Sm substitution on the Y site and increased in number with increasing Sm doping on the Ba site. The number density of 223 SFs is correlated strongly with the enhancement in ab-plane-correlated flux pinning, resulting in a sharpening of the H parallel to ab peak in the plot of critical current density versus magnetic field orientation. C1 [Wee, Sung Hun; Specht, Eliot D.; Cantoni, Claudia; Zuev, Yuri L.; Goyal, Amit] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zuev, Yuri L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Maroni, Victor] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wong-Ng, Winnie; Liu, Guangyao] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Haugan, Timothy J.] USAF, AFRL RZPG, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wee, SH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wees@ornl.gov RI Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009; Cantoni, Claudia/G-3031-2013 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163; Cantoni, Claudia/0000-0002-9731-2021 FU US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Advanced Cables and Conductors [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US DOE; Argonne National Laborator [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; UChicago Argonne, LLC; US DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX We would like to thank SuperPower Inc. for providing the Hastelloy substrates with the multilayer configuration of IBAD MgO layer, homoepitaxial MgO layer, and epitaxial LaMnO3. This research was sponsored by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Advanced Cables and Conductors under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC, managing contractor for Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Research also supported by ORNL's Shared Research Equipment (SHaRE) User Facility, which is sponsored by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US DOE. Use of Raman instrumentation at Argonne's Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the US DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The work performed at the Argonne National Laboratory was carried out under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 between UChicago Argonne, LLC, and the US DOE. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 29 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 22 AR 224520 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.224520 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 785HK UT WOS:000292218200007 ER PT J AU Driggers, WB Hoffmayer, ER Hickerson, EL Martin, TL Gledhill, CT AF Driggers, William B., III Hoffmayer, Eric R. Hickerson, Emma L. Martin, Timothy L. Gledhill, Christopher T. TI Validating the occurrence of Caribbean reef sharks, Carcharhinus perezi (Poey), (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes) in the northern Gulf of Mexico, with a key for sharks of the family Carcharhinidae inhabiting the region SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Letter C1 [Driggers, William B., III; Hoffmayer, Eric R.; Gledhill, Christopher T.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Hickerson, Emma L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Flower Gardens Banks Natl Marine Sanctuary, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Martin, Timothy L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Marine & Aviat Operat, NOAA Ship OREGON 2, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. RP Driggers, WB (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, PO Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. EM William.Driggers@noaa.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUN 29 PY 2011 IS 2933 BP 65 EP 68 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 786RX UT WOS:000292326700006 ER PT J AU Courtenay, WR Munroe, TA Winterbottom, R Ruiz-Carus, R Smith-Vaniz, WF AF Courtenay, Walter R., Jr. Munroe, Thomas A. Winterbottom, Richard Ruiz-Carus, Ramon Smith-Vaniz, William F. TI Dannie Alan Hensley (1944-2008) OBITUARY SO COPEIA LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Munroe, Thomas A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Winterbottom, Richard] Royal Ontario Museum, Dept Nat Hist, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. [Smith-Vaniz, William F.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Courtenay, WR (reprint author), 5005 NW 59th Terrace, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM wcourtenay33@gmail.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD JUN 28 PY 2011 IS 2 BP 327 EP 331 DI 10.1643/OT-10-182 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 790JJ UT WOS:000292584000017 ER PT J AU Soden, BJ Vecchi, GA AF Soden, Brian J. Vecchi, Gabriel A. TI The vertical distribution of cloud feedback in coupled ocean-atmosphere models SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; CLIMATE FEEDBACKS; TROPICAL CLOUD; SENSITIVITY AB We assess the vertical distribution of cloud feedbacks in coupled climate models, taking care to distinguish between cloud feedbacks and a change in cloud forcing. We show that the effect of cloud changes on the longwave fluxes provides a strong positive feedback that is broadly consistent across models. In contrast, the effect of cloud changes on the shortwave fluxes ranges from a modest negative to a strong positive feedback, and is responsible for most of the inter-model spread in net cloud feedback. The feedback from high clouds is positive in all models, and is consistent with that anticipated by the Proportionately Higher Anvil Temperature hypothesis over the tropics. In contrast, low cloud cover is responsible for roughly three-quarters of the difference in global mean net cloud feedback among models, with the largest contributions from regions associated with low-level subtropical marine cloud systems. Citation: Soden, B. J., and G. A. Vecchi (2011), The vertical distribution of cloud feedback in coupled ocean-atmosphere models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L12704, doi: 10.1029/2011GL047632. C1 [Soden, Brian J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Soden, BJ (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM bsoden@rsmas.miami.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; FU NASA; NOAA FX The authors thank Isaac Held and the reviewers for their comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by grants from the NASA ROSES Program and the NOAA Climate Program Office. NR 29 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 28 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L12704 DI 10.1029/2011GL047632 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 787MI UT WOS:000292380300002 ER PT J AU Adams, CL Weber, JM AF Adams, Christopher L. Weber, J. Mathias TI Photoelectron imaging spectroscopy of nitroethane anions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; binding energy; bonds (chemical); dissociation energies; electron affinity; Franck-Condon factors; librational states; negative ions; organic compounds; photoelectron spectra; vibrational states ID DIPOLE-BOUND-STATES; NEGATIVE-IONS; PHOTODETACHMENT SPECTROSCOPY; AUTODETACHMENT SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON AUTODETACHMENT; NITROMETHANE ANION; INTERNAL-ROTATION; BASIS-SET; VALENCE; PREDISSOCIATION AB We present low-energy velocity map photoelectron imaging results for bare and Ar solvated nitroethane anions. We report an improved value for the adiabatic electron affinity of nitroethane of (191 +/- 6) meV which is used to obtain a C-NO(2) bond dissociation energy of (0.589 +/- 0.019) eV in nitroethane anion. We assign a weak feature at (27 +/- 5) meV electron binding energy to the dipole-bound anion state of nitroethane. Photoelectron angular distributions exhibit increasing anisotropy with increasing kinetic energies. The main contributions to the photoelectron spectrum of nitroethane anion can be assigned to the vibrational modes of the nitro group. Transitions involving torsional motion around the CN bond axis lead to strong spectral congestion. Interpretation of the photoelectron spectrum is assisted by ab initio calculations and Franck-Condon simulations. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3602467] C1 [Adams, Christopher L.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Adams, CL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM weberjm@jila.colorado.edu RI Weber, J. Mathias/B-1618-2009 OI Weber, J. Mathias/0000-0002-5493-5886 FU National Science Foundation through NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA [PHY-0551010] FX We acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation through the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA (PHY-0551010). We thank Benjamin J. Knurr for technical assistance. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 28 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 24 AR 244301 DI 10.1063/1.3602467 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 786TX UT WOS:000292331900022 PM 21721624 ER PT J AU Huang, XF Gao, RS Schwarz, JP He, LY Fahey, DW Watts, LA McComiskey, A Cooper, OR Sun, TL Zeng, LW Hu, M Zhang, YH AF Huang, X. -F. Gao, R. S. Schwarz, J. P. He, L. -Y. Fahey, D. W. Watts, L. A. McComiskey, A. Cooper, O. R. Sun, T. -L. Zeng, L. -W. Hu, M. Zhang, Y. -H. TI Black carbon measurements in the Pearl River Delta region of China SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; ELEMENTAL CARBON; SOOT PHOTOMETER; ORGANIC-CARBON; AEROSOL; POLLUTION; CITIES AB The Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in southeastern China is one of the most polluted industrial and metropolitan areas in the world. We report single-particle measurements of the refractory black carbon (rBC) component in ambient aerosol in the region, and we interpret the results to improve understanding of the importance of rBC for radiative forcing in this region and others like it. A Single-Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) provided rBC mass loadings, size distributions, and mixing state information. Average rBC loadings are approximately an order of magnitude higher than those measured near Houston, Texas, a major U. S. metropolitan area. The rBC in the PRD is also more often internally mixed with nonrefractory materials than is rBC around Houston. Localized atmospheric heating from rBC solar absorption reached an average rate of 0.4 K d(-1). A one-dimensional discrete ordinates radiative transfer (DISORT) model coupled with the average measured rBC is used to illustrate the potential local contribution of rBC mass and associated scattering aerosol to the radiative forcing. Solar energy deposition rates in the atmosphere at the sampling site due to rBC absorption are estimated to have an average value of 17 W m(-2) and be largest in the first 1 km above the ground. These results indicate that rBC has significant potential to influence local meteorology and climate parameters in the PRD region. C1 [Huang, X. -F.; He, L. -Y.; Sun, T. -L.; Zeng, L. -W.] Peking Univ, Shenzhen Grad Sch, Sch Environm & Energy, Key Lab Urban Habitat Environm Sci & Technol, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China. [Gao, R. S.; Schwarz, J. P.; Fahey, D. W.; Watts, L. A.; McComiskey, A.; Cooper, O. R.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hu, M.; Zhang, Y. -H.] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Schwarz, J. P.; Fahey, D. W.; Watts, L. A.; McComiskey, A.; Cooper, O. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Huang, XF (reprint author), Peking Univ, Shenzhen Grad Sch, Sch Environm & Energy, Key Lab Urban Habitat Environm Sci & Technol, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China. EM huangxf@pku.edu.cn; rushan.gao@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Yuanhang/F-7038-2011; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; McComiskey, Allison/I-3933-2013; Watts, Laurel/G-4532-2013; hui, wanghui/C-5671-2008; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; McComiskey, Allison/0000-0002-6125-742X; Watts, Laurel/0000-0002-0834-3329; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40805049]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2006AA06A308, 2010DFA22770]; NOAA; NASA FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40805049) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2006AA06A308, 2010DFA22770). We thank G. Feingold for insightful discussions. The NOAA and CIRES personnel were supported by the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program, the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program, the NASA Radiation Sciences Program, and the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 28 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D12208 DI 10.1029/2010JD014933 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 787MH UT WOS:000292380200001 ER PT J AU Iskandar, I McPhaden, MJ AF Iskandar, Iskhaq McPhaden, Michael J. TI Dynamics of wind-forced intraseasonal zonal current variations in the equatorial Indian Ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; 1997-98 EL-NINO; KELVIN WAVES; PACIFIC-OCEAN; VARIABILITY; MODEL; CIRCULATION; DIPOLE AB This study examines the structure and dynamics of wind-forced intraseasonal zonal current variability in the equatorial Indian Ocean. We take advantage of a variety of satellite and in situ data sets, including unprecedented 4-8 year-long velocity time series records from the Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction (RAMA) program. Spectral analysis reveals prominent intraseasonal zonal currents variations along the equator with periods of 30-70 days. These oscillations are vertically in phase above the thermocline and propagate eastward with the local zonal winds. In the thermocline, intraseasonal zonal velocity variations also propagate eastward across a broad range of phase speeds expected for low baroclinic equatorial Kelvin waves; amplitudes decrease with depth, with deeper levels leading those near surface. Collectively, these results suggest that the near-surface layer responds directly to intraseasonal zonal wind stress forcing and that subsequently energy radiates downward and eastward in the thermocline in the form of wind-forced equatorial Kelvin waves. In addition, intraseasonal zonal current variability on the equator is coherent with off-equatorial sea surface height fluctuations in the eastern and central of the basin. This coherence is primarily due to the fact that equatorial zonal wind variations are associated with off-equatorial wind stress curls that can generate local Ekman pumping and westward propagating Rossby waves. C1 [Iskandar, Iskhaq; McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Iskandar, I (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM iskhaq.iskandar@noaa.gov RI Iskandar, Iskhaq/A-2813-2011; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Iskandar, Iskhaq/0000-0002-9253-4821; FU National Research Council FX We thank Iwao Ueki of JAMSTEC for providing 90 degrees E ADCP data. The Coriolis data center provided the gridded temperature and salinity data set. The gridded SSH data are provided by the Ssalto/Duacs multimission altimeter project (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/) and the QSCAT data are provided by the Remote Sensing System (www.remss.com/data/qscat). We also thank T. Tozuka for providing CEOF code and A. Santoso for providing the red-noise Matlab code. The authors are indebted to Motoki Nagura for useful discussions during the course of this work. Constructive comments by two anonymous reviewers helped improved the original draft of this paper. The first author is supported by the National Research Council through the Research Associateships Program. This is PMEL contribution 3645. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 28 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C06019 DI 10.1029/2010JC006864 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 787NU UT WOS:000292384500005 ER EF