FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Seethala, C Pandithurai, G Fast, JD Polade, SD Reddy, MS Peckham, SE AF Seethala, C. Pandithurai, G. Fast, Jerome D. Polade, Suraj D. Reddy, M. S. Peckham, Steven E. TI Evaluating WRF-Chem Multi-Scale Model in Simulating Aerosol Radiative Properties Over the Tropics - A Case Study Over India SO MAPAN-JOURNAL OF METROLOGY SOCIETY OF INDIA LA English DT Article ID SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; SULFUR-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; AIR-POLLUTION; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; OPTICAL DEPTHS; ART.; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; CHEMISTRY; SURFACE AB We evaluated the performance of WRF-Chem multi-scale model over the tropics, to simulate the regional distribution and optical properties of aerosols, and its effect on radiation over India for a winter month. The model is evaluated using measurements obtained from upper-air soundings, AERONET sun photometers, various satellite instruments, and pyranometers. The simulated downward shortwave flux was overestimated when the effect of aerosols and clouds, on radiation, was neglected. The simulated downward shortwave radiation was 1 to 20 Wm(-2) closer to the observations when we included aerosol-cloud-radiation interaction in the simulation. The model usually underestimated particulate concentration for the few observations available. This is likely due to turbulent mixing, transport errors and the lack of dust emission/scheme and the secondary organic aerosol treatment in the model. The model efficiently captured the broad regional hotspots such as, higher aerosol optical depth over the northern parts of India, especially over the Indo-Gangetic basin and lower aerosol optical depth over southern parts of India. The regional distribution of aerosol optical depth agreed well with the AVHRR aerosol optical depth and the TOMS aerosol index pattern. The magnitude and wavelength-dependence of simulated aerosol optical depth was also similar to the AERONET observations across India. The difference in surface shortwave radiation between two simulations that included and neglected aerosol-radiation (aerosol-radiation-cloud) interactions were as high as-25 (-30) Wm(-1). The spatial variations of these differences were also compared with the AVHRR observation. This study suggests that the model is able to qualitatively simulate the distribution of particulates and its impact on radiation over India; however, additional measurements of particulate mass and composition are needed to fully evaluate the model performance. C1 [Fast, Jerome D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Polade, Suraj D.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Reddy, M. S.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Peckham, Steven E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res & Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Seethala, C.; Pandithurai, G.] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Peckham, Steven E.] NOAA, Global Syst Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Seethala, C (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. EM seethala.chellappan@zmaw.de RI Polade, Suraj/D-4555-2013; OI Polade, Suraj/0000-0002-3892-1433; Pandithurai, G/0000-0001-7324-3773 NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU METROLOGY SOC INDIA PI NEW DELHI PA NPL PREMISES, DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, NEW DELHI, 110 012, INDIA SN 0970-3950 EI 0974-9853 J9 MAPAN-J METROL SOC I JI MAPAN-J. Metrol. Soc. India PD DEC PY 2011 VL 26 IS 4 BP 269 EP 284 DI 10.1007/s12647-011-0025-2 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 885GT UT WOS:000299767500001 ER PT J AU Eltawil, AA Gelany, SA Olson, DA AF Eltawil, Alaaeldin A. Gelany, Shaker A. Olson, Douglas A. TI Results of Hydraulic Pressure Comparison in the Range from 25 MPa to 200 MPa between NIS-Egypt and NIST-USA SO MAPAN-JOURNAL OF METROLOGY SOCIETY OF INDIA LA English DT Article AB The results of an informal pressure comparison between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA, and the National Institute of Standards (NIS), Egypt, are presented. The comparison was aimed to determine degree of equivalence between NIST and NIS in the pressure range from 25 MPa to 200 MPa at a reference temperature of 20 degrees C. The comparison used a transfer standard (TS) which was a piston-cylinder assembly (PCA) having nominal effective area of 4.9 mm(2). The results of the comparison show good agreement between the laboratory results within their claimed standard (k=1) uncertainties. C1 [Eltawil, Alaaeldin A.; Gelany, Shaker A.] Natl Inst Stand, Giza, Egypt. [Olson, Douglas A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Eltawil, AA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand, Tersa St, Giza, Egypt. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU METROLOGY SOC INDIA PI NEW DELHI PA NPL PREMISES, DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, NEW DELHI, 110 012, INDIA SN 0970-3950 J9 MAPAN-J METROL SOC I JI MAPAN-J. Metrol. Soc. India PD DEC PY 2011 VL 26 IS 4 BP 349 EP 355 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 885GT UT WOS:000299767500008 ER PT J AU Yun, SS Wildbill, AJ Siefkes, MJ Moser, ML Dittman, AH Corbett, SC Li, WM Close, DA AF Yun, Sang-Seon Wildbill, Andrew J. Siefkes, Michael J. Moser, Mary L. Dittman, Andrew H. Corbett, Stephen C. Li, Weiming Close, David A. TI Identification of putative migratory pheromones from Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FEMALE SEA LAMPREYS; BILE-ACIDS; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; RIVER; TRAPS; ODOR AB Pacific lamprey, Lampetra tridentata, has declined precipitously throughout their range in the Columbia River basin of North America. Tribal Nations and Federal and State agencies are engaged in efforts to restore these fish. Understanding whether Pacific lamprey emit and detect migratory pheromones is particularly important for these restoration efforts. Using behavioural assays, we demonstrated that migratory adult Pacific lamprey are attracted to odors emanating from their larval conspecifics. We then identified putative pheromones released by larval Pacific lamprey. Chemical analysis of the conditioned water from larval lamprey using liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS) revealed that the Pacific lamprey can release petromyzonamine disulfate (PADS), petromyzosterol disulfate (PSDS), and petromyzonol sulfate (PZS). Electro-olfactogram studies further demonstrated that adult Pacific lamprey can smell those bile acid compounds. Our data strongly indicate that the Pacific lamprey employ a chemical communication system mediated by a mixture of bile acids, as evidenced by pheromonal functions of the bile acid compounds in guiding migratory adult sea lamprey to the spawning streams. Comprehensive understanding of the chemical communications involved in lamprey migratory behavior may lead to improved scientific approaches for restoration efforts. C1 [Close, David A.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Close, David A.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Yun, Sang-Seon; Wildbill, Andrew J.; Li, Weiming] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Siefkes, Michael J.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Moser, Mary L.; Dittman, Andrew H.; Corbett, Stephen C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Close, DA (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM d.close@fisheries.ubc.ca RI Li, Weiming /D-9615-2013 OI Li, Weiming /0000-0001-5437-1518 FU Bonneville Power Administration; US Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District FX We thank the staff of CTUIR for assistance with larvae collection and laboratory space and the Great Lakes Fishery Commission for synthesized pheromones. Technical assistance with MS analysis by A. Dan Jones, Mass Spectrometry Facility, Research Technology Support Facility, Michigan State University, and staff support from the USFWS Marquette Biological Station is greatly appreciated. The behavioral assays would not have been possible without the help of David Clugston, Gabriel Brooks, Darran May, Dave Rose, Abby Tillotson, Jen McIntyre, Matt Gillum, Karen Shields, Greg Silver, and Christina Luzier. We thank Brian Burke and Jean Adams for database management and statistical advice. Bonneville Power Administration and the US Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, provided funding for this study. NR 29 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 28 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 68 IS 12 BP 2194 EP 2203 DI 10.1139/F2011-140 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 877OA UT WOS:000299190600014 ER PT J AU Wu, WM Altinakar, MS Al-Riffai, M Bergman, N Bradford, SF Cao, ZX Chen, QJ Constantinescu, SG Duan, JG Gee, DM Greimann, B Hanson, G He, ZG Hegedus, P van Hoestenberghe, T Huddleston, D Hughes, SA Imran, J Jia, YF Jorgeson, JD Kahawita, R Klumpp, CC Lai, Y Langendoen, EJ Liu, SEL Moreda, F Morris, M Morvan, H Orendorff, B Pak, J Peeters, P Reed, S Sanders, BF Scott, SH Soares-Frazao, S Song, CR Sutherland, J Teal, MJ Tsubaki, R Wahl, TL Weston, DM Williams, DT Zech, Y Zhang, LM AF Wu, Weiming Altinakar, Mustafa S. Al-Riffai, Mahmoud Bergman, Nathaniel Bradford, Scott F. Cao, Zhixian Chen, Qin J. Constantinescu, Serban G. Duan, Jennifer G. Gee, D. Michael Greimann, Blair Hanson, Greg He, Zhiguo Hegedus, Pal van Hoestenberghe, Thomas Huddleston, David Hughes, Steven A. Imran, Jasim Jia, Yafei Jorgeson, Jeffrey D. Kahawita, Rene Klumpp, Cassie C. Lai, Yong Langendoen, Eddy J. Liu, Shielan Moreda, Fekadu Morris, Mark Morvan, Herve Orendorff, Bryan Pak, Jay Peeters, Patrik Reed, Seann Sanders, Brett F. Scott, Steve H. Soares-Frazao, Sandra Song, Chung R. Sutherland, James Teal, Martin J. Tsubaki, Ryota Wahl, Tony L. Weston, David M. Williams, David T. Zech, Yves Zhang, Limin CA ASCE EWRI Task Comm Dam TI Earthen Embankment Breaching SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID DAM-BREAK FLOW; PREDICTING FLOODS; NUMERICAL-MODEL; NATURAL DAMS; MOVABLE BEDS; EROSION; FAILURE; SIMULATION; PARAMETERS; OUTFLOW C1 [Wu, Weiming] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Computat Hydrosci & Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. [Al-Riffai, Mahmoud] Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Bradford, Scott F.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Cao, Zhixian] Wuhan Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Chen, Qin J.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Constantinescu, Serban G.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Duan, Jennifer G.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Greimann, Blair; Klumpp, Cassie C.; Lai, Yong; Wahl, Tony L.] US Bur Reclamat, Washington, DC 20240 USA. [He, Zhiguo] Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Huddleston, David] Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Imran, Jasim] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Kahawita, Rene] HydroQuebec, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Moreda, Fekadu; Reed, Seann] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Morris, Mark; Sutherland, James] HR Wallingford, Wallingford, Oxon, England. [Morvan, Herve] Univ Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Sanders, Brett F.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Soares-Frazao, Sandra; Zech, Yves] Catholic Univ Louvain, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Tsubaki, Ryota] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima 730, Japan. [Zhang, Limin] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Wu, WM (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Computat Hydrosci & Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. EM wuwm@ncche.olemiss.edu RI Zhang, Li-Min/G-9891-2011; Tsubaki, Ryota/D-5802-2011; Sanders, Brett/K-7153-2012; Sutherland, James/F-6147-2014; He, Zhiguo/M-5164-2015; OI Zhang, Li-Min/0000-0001-7208-5515; Tsubaki, Ryota/0000-0003-2895-8221; Sutherland, James/0000-0003-4829-5015; Morvan, Herve/0000-0002-9267-0858; Langendoen, Eddy/0000-0002-2215-4989 NR 151 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 52 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2011 VL 137 IS 12 BP 1549 EP 1564 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000498 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 876VC UT WOS:000299134800001 ER PT J AU Centrone, A AF Centrone, Andrea TI Probing the paramagnetic interactions between the unpaired electronic spins of carbon atoms and the nuclear spins of hydrogen molecules with Raman spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Raman spectroscopy; paramagnetic properties; spin; intermolecular interactions; carbon materials ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; NANOSTRUCTURES; SIZE AB Carbon materials typically have a high density of unpaired electronic spins but the exact nature of the defect sites that give rise to their magnetic properties are not yet well understood. In this work, the paramagnetic interactions between the unpaired electronic spins of carbon atoms and the nuclear spins of hydrogen molecules were probed with Raman spectroscopy by monitoring the relative population of H2 rotational states. For H2, the symmetries of nuclear spin and rotational wave functions are correlated. Because of the weak interactions between H2 nuclear spins, the transitions between odd and even rotational states are normally hindered. The magnetic field generated by unpaired electronic spins relaxes the selection rules and promotes transitions between H2 rotational levels of different symmetry. This affects the rotational levels' relaxation kinetics toward equilibrium and makes H2 molecules useful to study unpaired electrons in paramagnetic materials. It is suggested that simultaneous electron paramagnetic resonance and Raman measurements on carbon materials interacting with hydrogen molecules could result in a better understanding of the nature of paramagnetic defects in carbon materials, which could have a substantial impact on Li-ion batteries or for understanding the graphene electronic properties. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Centrone, Andrea] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Centrone, Andrea] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Chim, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Centrone, Andrea] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Centrone, A (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 6204, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrea.centrone@nist.gov RI Centrone, Andrea/H-5541-2013 FU European Commission [G5RD-CT2001-00571] FX This work was supported by the European Commission, 5th Framework Programme (G5RD-CT2001-00571). The author thanks Prof. Giuseppe Zerbi for the fruitful discussions and Prof. Roberto Scotti for the EPR measures. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0377-0486 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 42 IS 12 BP 2165 EP 2167 DI 10.1002/jrs.2983 PG 3 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 869FD UT WOS:000298581500016 ER PT J AU Heng, K Frierson, DMW Phillipps, PJ AF Heng, Kevin Frierson, Dargan M. W. Phillipps, Peter J. TI Atmospheric circulation of tidally locked exoplanets: II. Dual-band radiative transfer and convective adjustment SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods: numerical; planets and satellites: atmospheres ID HOT JUPITER ATMOSPHERES; AQUAPLANET MOIST GCM; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; GIANT PLANETS; HD 209458B; HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; STATIC STABILITY; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MODEL; CLIMATE AB Improving upon our purely dynamical work, we present three-dimensional simulations of the atmospheric circulation on Earth-like (exo)planets and hot Jupiters using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL)-Princeton Flexible Modelling System (fms). As the first steps away from the dynamical benchmarks of Heng, Menou & Phillipps, we add dual-band radiative transfer and dry convective adjustment schemes to our computational set-up. Our treatment of radiative transfer assumes stellar irradiation to peak at a wavelength shorter than and distinct from that at which the exoplanet re-emits radiation (shortwave versus longwave), and also uses a two-stream approximation. Convection is mimicked by adjusting unstable lapse rates to the dry adiabat. The bottom of the atmosphere is bounded by a uniform slab with a finite thermal inertia. For our models of hot Jupiter, we include an analytical formalism for calculating temperaturepressure profiles, in radiative equilibrium, which accounts for the effect of collision-induced absorption via a single parameter. We discuss our results within the context of the following: the predicted temperaturepressure profiles and the absence/presence of a temperature inversion; the possible maintenance, via atmospheric circulation, of the putative high-altitude, shortwave absorber expected to produce these inversions; the angular/temporal offset of the hotspot from the substellar point, its robustness to our ignorance of hyperviscosity and hence its utility in distinguishing between different hot Jovian atmospheres; and various zonal-mean flow quantities. Our work bridges the gap between three-dimensional simulations which are purely dynamical and those which incorporate multiband radiative transfer, thus contributing to the construction of a required hierarchy of three-dimensional theoretical models. C1 [Heng, Kevin] ETH, Inst Astron, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Frierson, Dargan M. W.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Phillipps, Peter J.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Heng, K (reprint author), ETH, Inst Astron, Wolfgang Pauli Str 27, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM kheng@phys.ethz.ch; dargan@atmos.washington.edu; Peter.Phillipps@noaa.gov RI Frierson, Dargan/F-1763-2010 OI Frierson, Dargan/0000-0001-8952-5644 FU Zwicky Prize Fellowship; Star and Planet Formation Group at ETH Zurich; NSF [ATM-0846641, ATM-0936059] FX KH acknowledges support from the Zwicky Prize Fellowship and the Star and Planet Formation Group at ETH Zurich. DMWF acknowledges support from NSF grants ATM-0846641 and ATM-0936059. KH thanks Kristen Menou, Frederic Pont, Nikku Madhusudhan, Hans Martin Schmid, Tim Merlis, Eric Agol, David Sing, Dave Spiegel, Michael Meyer, Emily Rauscher, Tapio Schneider and Paul O'Gorman for useful conversations. We additionally thank Nick Cowan, Andrew Youdin and Rene Heller for useful comments following their reading of an earlier version of the manuscript. KH is especially grateful to Kristen Menou for providing invaluable guidance during the initial stages of this study and Nick Cowan for providing a crash course on thermal phase curves. We thank the anonymous referee for constructive criticism which improved the quality of the manuscript. This work benefited from competent and dependable technical support by Olivier Byrde, Eric Muller, Adrian Ulrich et al. of the BRUTUS computing cluster team, as well as steadfast administrative support by Marianne Chiesi of the Institute for Astronomy, at ETH Zurich. NR 70 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 418 IS 4 BP 2669 EP 2696 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19658.x PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 862JX UT WOS:000298088100048 ER PT J AU Coffman, VR Sethna, JP Ingraffea, AR Bozek, JE Bailey, NP Barker, EI AF Coffman, V. R. Sethna, J. P. Ingraffea, A. R. Bozek, J. E. Bailey, N. P. Barker, E. I. TI Challenges in Continuum Modelling of Intergranular Fracture SO STRAIN LA English DT Article DE finite element analysis; fracture; molecular dynamics; multiscale modelling; polycrystals ID EMBEDDED-ATOM POTENTIALS; TILT GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; QUASI-CONTINUUM; CRACK-GROWTH; MICROSTRUCTURES; SIMULATION; INTERFACE; ALUMINUM; SOLIDS; AL AB Intergranular fracture in polycrystals is often simulated by finite elements coupled to a cohesive zone model for the interfaces, requiring cohesive laws for grain boundaries as a function of their geometry. We discuss three challenges in understanding intergranular fracture in polycrystals. First, 3D grain boundary geometries comprise a five-dimensional space. Second, the energy and peak stress of grain boundaries have singularities for all commensurate grain boundaries, especially those with short repeat distances. Thirdly, fracture nucleation and growth depend not only upon the properties of grain boundaries, but also in crucial ways on edges, corners and triple junctions of even greater geometrical complexity. To address the first two challenges, we explore the physical underpinnings for creating functional forms to capture the hierarchical commensurability structure in the grain boundary properties. To address the last challenge, we demonstrate a method for atomistically extracting the fracture properties of geometrically complex local regions on the fly from within a finite element simulation. C1 [Coffman, V. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sethna, J. P.] Cornell Univ, LASSP, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ingraffea, A. R.; Bozek, J. E.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Fracture Grp, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bailey, N. P.] Roskilde Univ Ctr, DNRF Ctr Glass & Time, Dept Math & Phys IMFUFA, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Barker, E. I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Coffman, VR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8910, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NSF [ITR/ASP ACI0085969, DMR-0218475] FX This work was supported by NSF Grants No. ITR/ASP ACI0085969 and No. DMR-0218475. We also thank Gerd Heber, Drew Dolgert, Mu Liu, Surachute Limkumnerd, Chris Myers and Paul Wawrzynek. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0039-2103 J9 STRAIN JI Strain PD DEC PY 2011 VL 47 SU 2 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1111/j.1475-1305.2010.00741.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 867VB UT WOS:000298481800010 ER PT J AU Spillman, CM Heron, SF Jury, MR Anthony, KRN AF Spillman, Claire M. Heron, Scott F. Jury, Mark R. Anthony, Kenneth R. N. TI Climate Change and Carbon Threats to Coral Reefs National Meteorological and Ocean Services as Sentinels SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Spillman, Claire M.] CAWCR, Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.] NOAA, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Jury, Mark R.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Jury, Mark R.] Univ Zululand, Kwa Dlangezwa, South Africa. [Anthony, Kenneth R. N.] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. RP Spillman, CM (reprint author), CAWCR, Bur Meteorol, GPO Box 1289, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. EM c.spillman@bom.gov.au RI Anthony, Kenneth/G-4299-2011; Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; OI Spillman, Claire/0000-0003-0853-8190 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 92 IS 12 BP 1581 EP 1586 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00009.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 876TM UT WOS:000299130600010 ER PT J AU McKenney, DW Hutchinson, MF Papadopol, P Lawrence, K Pedlar, J Campbell, K Milewska, E Hopkinson, RF Price, D Owen, T AF McKenney, Daniel W. Hutchinson, Michael F. Papadopol, Pia Lawrence, Kevin Pedlar, John Campbell, Kathy Milewska, Ewa Hopkinson, Ron F. Price, David Owen, Tim TI CUSTOMIZED SPATIAL CLIMATE MODELS FOR NORTH AMERICA SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL LAND AREAS; SOUTHERN ONTARIO; UNITED-STATES; CANADA; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; RESOLUTION; VARIABLES; IMPACTS; NETWORK AB CUSTOMIZED SPATIAL CLIMATE MODELS FOR NORTH AMERICA Over the past two decades, researchers at Natural Resources Canada's Canadian Forest Service, in collaboration with the Australian National University (ANU), Environment Canada (EC), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), have made a concerted effort to produce spatial climate products (i.e., spatial models and grids) covering both Canada and the United States for a wide variety of climate variables and time steps (from monthly to daily), and across a range of spatial resolutions. Here we outline the method used to generate the spatial models, detail the array of products available and how they maybe accessed, briefly describe some of the usage and impact of the models, and discuss anticipated further developments. Our initial motivation in developing these models was to support forestry-related applications. They have since been utilized by a wider range of agencies and researchers. This article is intended to further raise awareness of the strengths and weaknesses of these climate models and to facilitate their wider application. (Page 1611) C1 [McKenney, Daniel W.; Papadopol, Pia; Lawrence, Kevin; Pedlar, John; Campbell, Kathy] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Hutchinson, Michael F.] Australian Natl Univ, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Milewska, Ewa] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Hopkinson, Ron F.] Custom Climate Serv, Regina, SK, Canada. [Price, David] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Owen, Tim] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP McKenney, DW (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, 1219 Queen St E, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. EM dan.mckenney@nrcan-rncan.gc.ca NR 60 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 92 IS 12 BP 1611 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-10-3132.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 876TM UT WOS:000299130600014 ER PT J AU Hirschberg, PA Abrams, E Bleistein, A Bua, W Delle Monache, L Dulong, TW Gaynor, JE Glahn, B Hamill, TM Hansen, JA Hilderbrand, DC Hoffman, RN Morrow, BH Philips, B Sokich, J Stuart, N AF Hirschberg, Paul A. Abrams, Elliot Bleistein, Andrea Bua, William Delle Monache, Luca Dulong, Thomas W. Gaynor, John E. Glahn, Bob Hamill, Thomas M. Hansen, James A. Hilderbrand, Douglas C. Hoffman, Ross N. Morrow, Betty Hearn Philips, Brenda Sokich, John Stuart, Neil TI A WEATHER AND CLIMATE ENTERPRISE STRATEGIC IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR GENERATING AND COMMUNICATING FORECAST UNCERTAINTY INFORMATION SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FUTURE; PROBABILITY; HUMANS AB A WEATHER AND CLIMATE ENTERPRISE STRATEGIC IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR GENERATING AND COMMUNICATING FORECAST UNCERTAINTY INFORMATION The American Meteorological Society (AMS) Weather and Climate Enterprise Strategic Implementation Plan for Generating and Communicating Forecast Uncertainty (the Plan) is summarized. The Plan (available on the AMS website.at.www.ametsoc.org/boardpges/cwce/docs/BEC/ACUF/2011-02-20-ACUF-Final-Report.pdf) is based on and intended to provide a foundation for implementing recent recommendations regarding forecast uncertainty by the National Research Council (NRC), AMS, and World Meteorological Organization. It defines a vision, strategic goals, roles and responsibilities, and an implementation road map to guide the weather and climate enterprise (the Enterprise) toward routinely providing the nation with comprehensive, skillful, reliable, and useful information about the uncertainty of weather, water, and climate (hydrometeorological) forecasts. Examples are provided describing how hydrometeorological forecast uncertainty information can improve decisions and outcomes in various socioeconomic areas. The implementation road map defines objectives and tasks that the four sectors comprising the Enterprise (i.e., government, industry, academia, and nongovernmental organizations) should work on in partnership to meet four key, interrelated strategic goals: 1) understand social and physical science aspects of forecast uncertainty; 2) communicate forecast uncertainty information effectively and collaborate with users to assist them in their decision making; 3) generate forecast uncertainty data, products, services, and information; and 4) enable research, development, and operations with necessary information technology and other infrastructure. The Plan endorses the NRC recommendation that the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and, in particular, the National Weather Service, should take the lead in motivating and organizing Enterprise resources and expertise in order to reach the Plan's vision and goals and shift the nation successfully toward a greater understanding and use of forecast uncertainty in decision making. (Page 1651) C1 [Hirschberg, Paul A.] NOAA, PPI, Off Program Planning & Integrat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Abrams, Elliot] AccuWeather Inc, State Coll, PA USA. [Bleistein, Andrea; Glahn, Bob; Hilderbrand, Douglas C.; Sokich, John] NOAA, NWS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Bua, William] COMET UCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Delle Monache, Luca] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Dulong, Thomas W.] NOAA, NWS, Longmont, CO USA. [Gaynor, John E.] NOAA, OAR, Off Policy Planning & Evaluat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hamill, Thomas M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Hansen, James A.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Hoffman, Ross N.] Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA USA. [Morrow, Betty Hearn] SocRes Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Philips, Brenda] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Stuart, Neil] NOAA, NWS, Albany, NY USA. RP Hirschberg, PA (reprint author), NOAA, PPI, Off Program Planning & Integrat, SSMC3,Room 15629,1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM paul.hirschberg@noaa.gov FU AccuWeather, Inc.; Army Test and Evaluation Command; Office of Naval Research; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX More than 60 professionals from government, industry, and academia volunteered to be members of the American Meteorological Society (AMS) Ad Hoc Committee on Uncertainty in Forecasts (ACUF) and contributed to the development of the Strategic Implementation Plan for Generating and Communicating Forecast Uncertainty. Thanks go to all of those individuals (see list provided in the Plan) who served on the committee, who wrote sections of the Plan, and who reviewed the Plan and this paper. Appreciation is also extended to the AMS Board on Enterprise Communication, Commission on the Weather and Climate Enterprise. The publication of this paper was supported by AccuWeather, Inc.; the Army Test and Evaluation Command; the Office of Naval Research; and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their organizations. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 92 IS 12 BP 1651 EP 1666 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00073.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 876TM UT WOS:000299130600017 ER PT J AU Waliser, D Kim, J Xue, Y Chao, Y Eldering, A Fovell, R Hall, A Li, Q Liou, KN McWilliams, J Kapnick, S Vasic, R De Sale, F Yu, Y AF Waliser, D. Kim, J. Xue, Y. Chao, Y. Eldering, A. Fovell, R. Hall, A. Li, Q. Liou, K. N. McWilliams, J. Kapnick, S. Vasic, R. De Sale, F. Yu, Y. TI Simulating cold season snowpack: Impacts of snow albedo and multi-layer snow physics SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID INCREASED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIOSPHERE MODEL; SPECTRAL ALBEDO; SOIL HYDROLOGY; SIERRA-NEVADA; PILPS 2(D); SURFACE; CALIFORNIA AB This study used numerical experiments to investigate two important concerns in simulating the cold season snowpack: the impact of the alterations of snow albedo due to anthropogenic aerosol deposition on snowpack and the treatment of snow physics using a multi-layer snow model. The snow albedo component considered qualitatively future changes in anthropogenic emissions and the subsequent increase or decrease of black carbon deposition on the Sierra Nevada snowpack by altering the prescribed snow albedo values. The alterations in the snow albedo primarily affect the snowpack via surface energy budget with little impact on precipitation. It was found that a decrease in snow albedo (by as little as 5-10% of the reference values) due to an increase in local emissions enhances snowmelt and runoff (by as much as 30-50%) in the early part of a cold season, resulting in reduced snowmelt-driven runoff (by as much as 30-50%) in the later part of the cold season, with the greatest impacts at higher elevations. An increase in snow albedo associated with reduced anthropogenic emissions results in the opposite effects. Thus, the most notable impact of the decrease in snow albedo is to enhance early-season snowmelt and to reduce late-season snowmelt, resulting in an adverse impact on warm season water resources in California. The timing of the sensitivity of snow water equivalent (SWE), snowmelt, and runoff vary systematically according to terrain elevation; as terrain elevation increases, the peak response of these fields occurs later in the cold season. The response of SWE and surface energy budget to the alterations in snow albedo found in this study shows that the effects of snow albedo on snowpack are further enhanced via local snow-albedo feedback. Results from this experiment suggest that a reduction in local emissions, which would increase snow albedo, could alleviate the early snowmelt and reduced runoff in late winter and early spring caused by global climate change, at least partially. The most serious uncertainties associated with this part of the study are a quantification of the relationship between the amount of black carbon deposition and snow albedo-a subject of future study. The comparison of the spring snowpack simulated with a single- and multi-layer snow model during the spring of 1998 shows that a more realistic treatment of snow physics in a multi-layer snow model could improve snowpack simulations, especially during spring when snow ablation is significant, or in conjunction with climate change projections. C1 [Kim, J.; Xue, Y.; Fovell, R.; Hall, A.; Li, Q.; Liou, K. N.; McWilliams, J.; Kapnick, S.; Vasic, R.; De Sale, F.; Yu, Y.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Waliser, D.; Chao, Y.; Eldering, A.] JPL CALTECH, Pasadena, CA USA. [Vasic, R.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jkim@atmos.ucla.edu RI Kapnick, Sarah/C-5209-2014; Hall, Alex/D-8175-2014 OI Kapnick, Sarah/0000-0003-0979-3070; FU NASA Energy and Water Cycle Study (NEWS); Ministry of Environment, Korea [1600-1637-301-210-13]; University of California [09-LR-09-116849-SORS]; [NA07OAR4310226] FX The research described in this paper was performed as an activity of the Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering (JIFRESSE) via a Memorandum of Understanding between the UCLA and the JPL/CALTECH. This work was supported by the NASA Energy and Water Cycle Study (NEWS), NA07OAR4310226, the Ministry of Environment, Korea (Grant No. 1600-1637-301-210-13), and University of California Lab Fees Research Program (Award No. 09-LR-09-116849-SORS). Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Supercomputing and Visualization Facility and the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division provided the data storage and computational resources for this study. NR 58 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD DEC PY 2011 VL 109 SU 1 SI SI BP 95 EP 117 DI 10.1007/s10584-011-0312-5 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 871SF UT WOS:000298757300005 ER PT J AU Hughes, M Hall, A Kim, J AF Hughes, Mimi Hall, Alex Kim, Jinwon TI Human-induced changes in wind, temperature and relative humidity during Santa Ana events SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; SENSITIVITY; RESPONSES; REGIMES; SCHEME AB The frequency and character of Southern California's Santa Ana wind events are investigated within a 12-km-resolution downscaling of late-20th and mid-21st century time periods of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model global climate change scenario run. The number of Santa Ana days per winter season is approximately 20% fewer in the mid 21st century compared to the late 20th century. Since the only systematic and sustained difference between these two periods is the level of anthropogenic forcing, this effect is anthropogenic in origin. In both time periods, Santa Ana winds are partly katabatically-driven by a temperature difference between the cold wintertime air pooling in the desert against coastal mountains and the adjacent warm air over the ocean. However, this katabatic mechanism is significantly weaker during the mid 21st century time period. This occurs because of the well-documented differential warming associated with transient climate change, with more warming in the desert interior than over the ocean. Thus the mechanism responsible for the decrease in Santa Ana frequency originates from a well-known aspect of the climate response to increasing greenhouse gases, but cannot be understood or simulated without mesoscale atmospheric dynamics. In addition to the change in Santa Ana frequency, we investigate changes during Santa Anas in two other meteorological variables known to be relevant to fire weather conditions-relative humidity and temperature. We find a decrease in the relative humidity and an increase in temperature. Both these changes would favor fire. A fire behavior model accounting for changes in wind, temperature, and relative humidity simultaneously is necessary to draw firm conclusions about future fire risk and growth associated with Santa Ana events. While our results are somewhat limited by a relatively small sample size, they illustrate an observed and explainable regional change in climate due to plausible mesoscale processes. C1 [Hughes, Mimi] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hall, Alex; Kim, Jinwon] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Hughes, M (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Mimi.hughes@noaa.gov RI Hughes, Mimi/C-3710-2009; Hall, Alex/D-8175-2014 OI Hughes, Mimi/0000-0002-4554-9289; FU National Research Council; National Science Foundation [ATM-0735056]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Ministry of Environment, Korea, National Institute of Environmental Research, Korea [1600-1637-301-210-13] FX Mimi Hughes is supported by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship and National Science Foundation ATM-0735056, which also supports Alex Hall. Part of this work was performed using the National Center for Atmospheric Research supercomputer allocation 35681070. The research described in this paper was performed as an activity of the Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, through an agreement between the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and was sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Preprocessing of the Community Climate System Model data was also partially funded by the "National Comprehensive Measures against Climate Change" Program by Ministry of Environment, Korea (Grant No. 1600-1637-301-210-13) National Institute of Environmental Research, Korea. Computational resources for this study have been provided by Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Supercomputing and Visualization Facility and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Advanced Supercomputing Division. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD DEC PY 2011 VL 109 SU 1 SI SI BP 119 EP 132 DI 10.1007/s10584-011-0300-9 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 871SF UT WOS:000298757300006 ER PT J AU Sun, DL Yu, YY Goldberg, MD AF Sun, Donglian Yu, Yunyue Goldberg, Mitchell D. TI Deriving Water Fraction and Flood Maps From MODIS Images Using a Decision Tree Approach SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Decision tree; flood; MODIS; water fraction ID INUNDATION AREA; AVHRR DATA; VEGETATION; CLASSIFICATION; BANGLADESH; EXTENT; COVER; RADAR; SPACE AB This study investigates how to derive water fraction and flood mapping from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites using the linear mixture model and decision-tree approach. The recent floods in the Midwestern United States in June 2008 and in the New Orleans area in August 2005 were selected for this study. MODIS surface reflectance with the matched land cover data in the Midwest prior to the flooding events were used for the training dataset, with the split test mode of 50% for training and the remaining 50% for testing. The precision, or accuracy rate, of the water classification reaches over 90% from the test. Our results demonstrate that the reflectance difference (CH2-CH1) between the MODIS channel 2 (CH2) and channel 1 (CH1) is the most useful parameter to derive water fraction from the linear mixture model. Rules and threshold values from the decision tree training were applied to real applications on different dates (June 1, 17, and 19, 2008 for the Midwestern region of the U. S.) and at different locations (New Orleans in 2005) to identify standing water and to calculate water fraction. The derived water fraction maps were evaluated using higher resolution Thematic Mapper (TM) data from Landsat observations. It shows that the correlation between water fractions derived from the MODIS and TM data is 0.97, with difference or "bias" of 4.47%, standard deviation of 4.40%, and root mean square error (rmse) of 6.28%. Flood distributions in both space and time domains were generated using the differences in water fraction values before and after the flooding. C1 [Sun, Donglian] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Yu, Yunyue; Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Sun, DL (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM dsun@gmu.edu; yunyue.yu@noaa.gov; mitch.goldberg@noaa.gov RI Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010 FU GOES-R Algorithm Working Group FX This study was supported by the GOES-R program through the GOES-R Algorithm Working Group. NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 4 IS 4 BP 814 EP 825 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2011.2125778 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 861XR UT WOS:000298054500012 ER PT J AU Lim, HJ Kapareiko, D Schott, EJ Hanif, A Wikfors, GH AF Lim, H. J. Kapareiko, D. Schott, E. J. Hanif, A. Wikfors, G. H. TI ISOLATION AND EVALUATION OF NEW PROBIOTIC BACTERIA FOR USE IN SHELLFISH HATCHERIES: I. ISOLATION AND SCREENING FOR BIOACTIVITY SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE probiotic bacteria; shellfish larvae; oyster larviculture; larval survival ID CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; PACIFIC OYSTER; AQUACULTURE AB Hatchery production of shellfish seed is necessary to supplement natural recruitment, which is constrained by various stresses, including habitat loss, pollutant contamination, overfishing, and climate change. Bacterial diseases are considered to be a major cause of mortality in hatchery shellfish larviculture; however, overuse of antimicrobials can result in development of resistant strains of bacterial pathogens. The use of probiotics for disease prevention and improved nutrition in aquaculture is becoming increasingly popular as the demand for environmentally-friendly aquaculture grows. The objective of this study was to isolate and evaluate the efficacy of new probiotic bacteria that, incorporated into functional foods for use in shellfish hatcheries, may significantly improve larval survival. First, 26 probiotic-candidate bacteria were isolated from oysters, scallops, and a mass culture of green algae. Fifteen of these isolates (8 oyster strains and 7 bay scallop strains) inhibited known scallop-pathogen bacterial strains B183 and B122 in disk-diffusion assays. Similar to control (unchallenged) oyster larvae, survival of oyster larvae exposed to these 15 probiotic candidates for 48 h was more than 90%. The probiotic candidates were then reisolated from challenged larvae and characterized by Gram stain, colony morphology on solid agar, and the Biolog Bacterial Identification System, finding only 7 distinct strains. Using 12-well microplate assays, 5-day challenges were performed to confirm positive effects of these 7 probiotic candidates on larval survival when challenged with pathogen B183. Oyster larvae exposed to probiotic candidate OY15 had the highest survival; furthermore, survival of pathogen-challenged larvae was significantly improved by the presence of OY15 compared with pathogen alone. In addition, probiotic candidate OY15 exhibited no toxic effects on the microalgal feed strain Isochrysis sp. (T-ISO) in the range of 10(2)-10(4) cfu/mL. Future studies will confirm optimal dosage and positive effects of probiotic candidate OY15 on survival during long-term rearing of oyster larvae. C1 [Lim, H. J.; Kapareiko, D.; Wikfors, G. H.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Schott, E. J.; Hanif, A.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. RP Lim, HJ (reprint author), W Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Natl Fisheries Res & Dev Inst, 707 Eulwang Dong, Inchon 400420, South Korea. EM bamto104@gmail.com FU NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center; NOAA; National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI) [RP-2010-AQ-41]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX This work was supported by U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, the NOAA Aquaculture Program, and the National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI, RP-2010-AQ-41). We gratefully acknowledge David Veilleux for supplying oyster larvae, as well as Mark Dixon and Jennifer Alix for their continuous supply of algal feed for use in these experiments. We 615 offer a special thank you to Dorothy Jeffress for her larviculture expertise and technical assistance, as well as Lisa Milke, Shannon Meseck, James Widman, Joseph Choromanski, and Steven Pitchford for their advice and technical assistance during this study. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 17 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 30 IS 3 BP 609 EP 615 DI 10.2983/035.030.0303 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 876WO UT WOS:000299138700003 ER PT J AU Kapareiko, D Lim, HJ Schott, EJ Hanif, A Wikfors, GH AF Kapareiko, Diane Lim, Hyun Jeong Schott, Eric J. Hanif, Ammar Wikfors, Gary H. TI ISOLATION AND EVALUATION OF NEW PROBIOTIC BACTERIA FOR USE IN SHELLFISH HATCHERIES: II. EFFECTS OF A VIBRIO SP PROBIOTIC CANDIDATE UPON SURVIVAL OF OYSTER LARVAE (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA) IN PILOT-SCALE TRIALS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE probiotic bacteria; shellfish larvae; oyster larviculture; larvae survival; Vibrio; Crassostrea virginica ID MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; CHILEAN SCALLOP; AQUACULTURE; RESISTANCE; HARVEYI; CULTURE; AGENTS; GENES; FOOD AB Environmentally-friendly methods for controlling microbial pathogenesis in aquaculture with probiotic bacteria are becoming increasingly preferred over the use of chemical means, such as disinfectants or antibiotics. Previous research at the Milford Laboratory has shown that naturally-occurring bacteria isolated from the digestive glands of adult oysters (Crassostrea virginica) show promise as potential probiotic additives in oyster larviculture, based on bench-scale experiments. The previous, bench-scale challenge studies reported in the accompanying article (Lim et al. this volume) indicated that 48-h survival of 2-day-old oyster larvae supplemented with Vibrio sp. strain OY15 improved after challenge with pathogenic Vibrio sp. strain B183 compared with the pathogen alone. This study investigated further the effectiveness of probiotic candidate OY15 to improve survival of oyster larvae to metamorphosis under pilot-scale culture conditions, both with and without pathogen B183 challenge. The effective dosage of probiotic candidate OY15 that significantly improved larval survival was determined to be 10(3) cfu/mL. The LD(50) calculated for pathogen B183 was 9.6 X 10(4) cfu/mL. Results from these bioassays indicated that addition of probiotic candidate OY15 significantly improved survival of oyster larvae to metamorphosis when challenged with pathogen B183 in pilot-scale trials. These studies can provide the basis for the development of functional foods for use in shellfish larviculture that incorporate a naturally-occurring, probiotic bacterial strain. C1 [Kapareiko, Diane; Wikfors, Gary H.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Lim, Hyun Jeong] W Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Aquaculture Div, Inchon 400420, South Korea. [Schott, Eric J.; Hanif, Ammar] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. RP Kapareiko, D (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM Diane.Kapareiko@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center; NOAA; U.S. Department of Commerce FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center and the NOAA Aquaculture program. We gratefully acknowledge David Veilleux for supplying oyster larvae, as well as Mark Dixon for microalgal feed for use in these experiments. We extend a special thank you to Dorothy Jeffress for her larviculture expertise and technical assistance, as well as Lisa Milke, Shannon Meseck, James Widman, and Joseph Choromanski for their advice and technical assistance during this study. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 30 IS 3 BP 617 EP 625 DI 10.2983/035.030.0304 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 876WO UT WOS:000299138700004 ER PT J AU Alashker, Y El-Tawil, S Sadek, F AF Alashker, Yasser El-Tawil, Sherif Sadek, Fahim TI Closure to "Progressive Collapse Resistance of Steel-Concrete Composite Floors" SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Alashker, Yasser; El-Tawil, Sherif] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Sadek, Fahim] NIST, EL, MCRD, Struct Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP El-Tawil, S (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM yasserra@umich.edu; eltawil@umich.edu; fahim.sadek@nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2011 VL 137 IS 12 BP 1628 EP 1629 PG 2 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 876VV UT WOS:000299136700028 ER PT J AU Uhrin, AV Schellinger, J AF Uhrin, Amy V. Schellinger, Jennifer TI Marine debris impacts to a tidal fringing-marsh in North Carolina SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Spartina alterniflora; Marine debris; Salt marsh; Crab pots; Vehicle tires; North Carolina ID SALT-MARSH; TRAPS; VIRGINIA; CRAB AB We evaluated injuries to Spartina alterniflora by debris items common to North Carolina coastal waters as a function of debris type (wire blue crab pots, vehicle tires, and anthropogenic wood) and deployment duration, and monitored S. alterniflora recovery following debris removal. Injuries sustained by S. alterniflora and subsequent recovery, varied considerably between debris types. Differences were likely due to dissimilarities in the structure and composition of debris. Tires caused an immediate (within 3 weeks) and long-term impact to S. alterniflora; tire footprints remained devoid of vegetation 14 months post-removal. Conversely, crab pot impacts were not as abrupt and recovery was short-term (<10 months). We suggest that removal programs specifically target habitats that are susceptible to negative impacts (e.g., salt marsh) and prone to debris accumulation. Management would benefit from the inclusion of habitat information in removal databases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Uhrin, Amy V.; Schellinger, Jennifer] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Uhrin, AV (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM amy.uhrin@noaa.gov FU NOAA; NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science FX This study was funded by the NOAA Marine Debris Program as well as additional direct support from the NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. We remember D. Ahrenholz and appreciate his generous donation of the crab pots used in this study. We thank the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries for providing the vehicle tires. We acknowledge the efforts of V. McDonough, J. Vander Pluym, S. Viehman, and P. Whitfield on proposal submissions. This work would not have been possible without additional field, technical, and administrative support from C. Currin, G. Fisher, L. Goshe, B. Harrison, M. LaCroix, S. Leahy, D. Meyer, K. Rudd, K. Strauss, C. Taylor, B. Tiedeman, J. Vander Pluym, S. Viehman, and P. Whitfield. We would like to thank P. Delano, M. Fonseca, D. Johnson, P. Marraro, J. Vander Pluym, S. Viehman, P. Whitfield, and the anonymous journal reviewers for critiquing the manuscript. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 62 IS 12 BP 2605 EP 2610 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.10.006 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 868JU UT WOS:000298520400017 PM 22051039 ER PT J AU Liu, P Li, XF Qu, JJ Wang, WG Zhao, CF Pichel, W AF Liu, Peng Li, Xiaofeng Qu, John J. Wang, Wenguang Zhao, Chaofang Pichel, William TI Oil spill detection with fully polarimetric UAVSAR data SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Oil spill detection; Synthetic aperture radar; Polarimetric; UAVSAR ID RADAR; SIGNATURES AB In this study, two ocean oil spill detection approaches based on four scattering matrices measured by fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) are presented and compared. The first algorithm is based on the co-polar correlation coefficient, p, and the scattering matrix decomposition parameters, Cloud entropy (H), mean scattering angle (alpha) and anisotropy (A). While each of these parameters has oil spill signature in it, we find that combining these parameters into a new parameter, F, is a more effective way for oil slick detection. The second algorithm uses the total power of four polarimetric channels image (SPAN) to find the optimal representation of the oil spill signature. Otsu image segmentation method can then be applied to the F and SPAN images to extract the oil slick features. Using the L-band fully polarimetric Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle - synthetic aperture radar (UAVSAR) data acquired during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill disaster event in the Gulf of Mexico, we are able to successfully extract the oil slick information in the contaminated ocean area. Our result shows that both algorithms perform well in identifying oil slicks in this case. (C )2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA NESDIS, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Liu, Peng; Zhao, Chaofang] Ocean Univ China, ORSI, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Liu, Peng; Qu, John J.] George Mason Univ, ESTC, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Wang, Wenguang] Beihang Univ, Sch EIE, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. [Pichel, William] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Xiaofeng.Li@noaa.gov RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU NOAA/NES-DIS/STAR Ocean Remote Sensing Program FX UAVSAR polarimetric data is available courtesy of the NASA JPL. Helpful discussions with Ben Holt from NASA JPL are gratefully acknowledged. This work is partially supported by the NOAA/NES-DIS/STAR Ocean Remote Sensing Program. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 62 IS 12 BP 2611 EP 2618 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.09.036 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 868JU UT WOS:000298520400018 PM 22024544 ER PT J AU Viehman, S Pluym, JLV Schellinger, J AF Viehman, Shay Pluym, Jenny L. Vander Schellinger, Jennifer TI Characterization of marine debris in North Carolina salt marshes SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Marine debris; Salt marsh; North Carolina; Plastics; Foam pieces; Wrack ID FLORIDA-KEYS; FISHING GEAR; NEW-JERSEY; BEACH; ACCUMULATION; WRACK; DISTURBANCE; SEA; ENVIRONMENT; ECOSYSTEMS AB Marine debris composition, density, abundance, and accumulation were evaluated in salt marshes in Carteret County, North Carolina seasonally between 2007 and 2009. We assessed relationships between human use patterns and debris type. Wave effects on marine debris density were examined using a GIS-based forecasting tool. We assessed the influence of site wave exposure, period, and height on debris quantity. Presence and abundance of debris were related to wave exposure, vegetation type and proximity of the strata to human population and human use patterns. Plastic pieces accounted for the majority of all debris. Small debris (0-5 cm) was primarily composed of foam pieces and was frequently affiliated with natural wrack. Large debris (>100 cm) was encountered in all marsh habitat types surveyed and was primarily composed of anthropogenic wood and derelict fishing gear. Marsh cleanup efforts should be targeted to specific habitat types or debris types to minimize further damage to sensitive habitats. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Viehman, Shay; Pluym, Jenny L. Vander; Schellinger, Jennifer] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Schellinger, Jennifer] Florida State Univ, Dept Biol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Viehman, S (reprint author), NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM shay.viehman@noaa.gov; jenny.vanderpluym@noaa.gov; schellinger@bio.fsu.edu FU NOAA; NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science's Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research FX We thank the NOAA Marine Debris Program and the NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science's Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research for supporting this research. We greatly appreciate the field assistance and suggestions provided by B. Harrison, P. Whitfield, A. Uhrin, P. Gillikin, L. Goshe, C. Addison, C. Currin, B. Degan, P. Delano, G. Fisher, M. Greene, M. LaCroix, D. Meyer, S. Morison, and Duke University Marine Laboratory's fall 2008 undergraduate orientation. We also thank A. Malhotra and M. Fonseca for assistance with WEMo and J. Bolin for NC BigSweep data. Management perspectives and local knowledge were generously provided by P. Gillikin for Rachel Carson National Estuarine Research Reserve and by S. Stuska, J. Altman, and M. Rikard for Cape Lookout National Seashore. Constructive suggestions to improve the manuscript were provided by A. Uhrin, P. Whitfield, S. Lippiatt, P. Delano, P. Marraro, M. Fonseca, D. Johnson and three anonymous reviewers. This research was conducted under permits from the National Estuarine Research Reserve and National Park Service. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent policy or product endorsement of any government agency. NR 61 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 62 IS 12 BP 2771 EP 2779 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.09.010 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 868JU UT WOS:000298520400037 PM 21986539 ER PT J AU Emery, BA Richardson, IG Evans, DS Rich, FJ Wilson, GR AF Emery, Barbara A. Richardson, Ian G. Evans, David S. Rich, Frederick J. Wilson, Gordon R. TI Solar Rotational Periodicities and the Semiannual Variation in the Solar Wind, Radiation Belt, and Aurora SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Solar cycle; Solar rotation periodicities; Geospace; Aurora; Radiation belt electron flux; Solar wind; Semiannual periodicity ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; SPACED DATA; SPEED; CYCLE; ELECTRONS; STORMS; PRECIPITATION; EVOLUTION; FEATURES AB The behavior of a number of solar wind, radiation belt, auroral and geomagnetic parameters is examined during the recent extended solar minimum and previous solar cycles, covering the period from January 1972 to July 2010. This period includes most of the solar minimum between Cycles 23 and 24, which was more extended than recent solar minima, with historically low values of most of these parameters in 2009. Solar rotational periodicities from 5 to 27 days were found from daily averages over 81 days for the parameters. There were very strong 9-day periodicities in many variables in 2005 -aEuro parts per thousand 2008, triggered by recurring corotating high-speed streams (HSS). All rotational amplitudes were relatively large in the descending and early minimum phases of the solar cycle, when HSS are the predominant solar wind structures. There were minima in the amplitudes of all solar rotational periodicities near the end of each solar minimum, as well as at the start of the reversal of the solar magnetic field polarity at solar maximum (similar to aEuro parts per thousand 1980, similar to aEuro parts per thousand 1990, and similar to aEuro parts per thousand 2001) when the occurrence frequency of HSS is relatively low. Semiannual equinoctial periodicities, which were relatively strong in the 1995 -aEuro parts per thousand 1997 solar minimum, were found to be primarily the result of the changing amplitudes of the 13.5- and 27-day periodicities, where 13.5-day amplitudes were better correlated with heliospheric daily observations and 27-day amplitudes correlated better with Earth-based daily observations. The equinoctial rotational amplitudes of the Earth-based parameters were probably enhanced by a combination of the Russell-McPherron effect and a reduction in the solar wind-magnetosphere coupling efficiency during solstices. The rotational amplitudes were cross-correlated with each other, where the 27-day amplitudes showed some of the weakest cross-correlations. The rotational amplitudes of the > 2 MeV radiation belt electron number fluxes were progressively weaker from 27- to 5-day periods, showing that processes in the magnetosphere act as a low-pass filter between the solar wind and the radiation belt. The A (p)/K (p) magnetic currents observed at subauroral latitudes are sensitive to proton auroral precipitation, especially for 9-day and shorter periods, while the A (p)/K (p) currents are governed by electron auroral precipitation for 13.5- and 27-day periodicities. C1 [Emery, Barbara A.] HAO NCAR, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Richardson, Ian G.] Univ Maryland, GSFC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Richardson, Ian G.] Univ Maryland, CRESST Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Evans, David S.] SWPC NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Rich, Frederick J.] LL MIT, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Wilson, Gordon R.] AFRL RVBXP, Kirtland Afb, NM 87117 USA. RP Emery, BA (reprint author), HAO NCAR, 3080 Ctr Green, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM emery@ucar.edu OI Richardson, Ian/0000-0002-3855-3634 FU National Science Foundation (NSF); National Science Foundation at the High Altitude Observatory within the National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) at the Goddard Space Flight Center FX The original and the intercalibrated DMSP and NOAA satellite hemispheric power estimates were taken from the Coupling, Energetics, and Dynamics of Atmospheric Regions (CEDAR) Database, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF). The Air Force Research Laboratory Auroral Boundary Index (ABI) was provided by the USAF Research Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, MA via the CEDAR Database. The hourly solar wind plasma and IMF data were taken from the OMNI-2 collection from the Space Physics Data Facility at the Goddard Space Flight Center managed by Dr. Natalia Papitashvili. B.A.E. is supported by the National Science Foundation at the High Altitude Observatory within the National Center for Atmospheric Research. I.G.R. is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) at the Goddard Space Flight Center. NR 54 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 274 IS 1-2 BP 399 EP 425 DI 10.1007/s11207-011-9758-x PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 873ER UT WOS:000298864400022 ER PT J AU Araujo-Pradere, EA Redmon, R Fedrizzi, M Viereck, R Fuller-Rowell, TJ AF Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo A. Redmon, Rob Fedrizzi, Mariangel Viereck, Rodney Fuller-Rowell, Tim J. TI Some Characteristics of the Ionospheric Behavior During the Solar Cycle 23-24 Minimum SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Space weather; Ionosphere; Ionospheric response; Solar minimum AB The Solar Cycle 23 -aEuro parts per thousand 24 minimum has been considered unusually deep and complex. In this article we study the ionospheric behavior during this minimum, and we have found that, although observable, the ionosphere response is minor and marginally exceeds the range of normal geophysical variability of the system. Two main ionospheric parameters have been studied: vertical TEC (vTEC, total electron content) and NmF2 (peak concentration of the F region). While vTEC showed a consistent modest decrease of the mean value, NmF2 behavior was less clear, with instances where the mean value for the minimum 23 -aEuro parts per thousand 24 was even higher that for the minimum 22 -aEuro parts per thousand 23. More extensive work is required to gain a better understanding of the ionospheric behavior under conditions similar to those presented in the last minimum. C1 [Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo A.; Fedrizzi, Mariangel; Fuller-Rowell, Tim J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo A.; Fedrizzi, Mariangel; Viereck, Rodney; Fuller-Rowell, Tim J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Redmon, Rob] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Araujo-Pradere, EA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM eduardo.araujo@noaa.gov; rob.redmon@noaa.gov; mariangel.fedrizzi@noaa.gov; rodney.viereck@noaa.gov; tim.fuller-rowell@noaa.gov RI Fedrizzi, Mariangel/C-6493-2012 NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 274 IS 1-2 BP 439 EP 456 DI 10.1007/s11207-011-9728-3 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 873ER UT WOS:000298864400024 ER PT J AU Rykaczewski, K Chinn, J Walker, ML Scott, JHJ Chinn, A Jones, W AF Rykaczewski, Konrad Chinn, Jeff Walker, Marlon L. Scott, John Henry J. Chinn, Amy Jones, Wanda TI Dynamics of Nanoparticle Self-Assembly into Superhydrophobic Liquid Marbles during Water Condensation SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE water condensation; ESEM; superhydrophobic surfaces; liquid marbles; self-assembly ID HYDROPHOBIC SILICA NANOPARTICLES; ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; DROPWISE CONDENSATION; SURFACES; GROWTH; DROPLETS; POWDERS; DROPS; NUCLEATION; PARTICLES AB Nanoparticles adsorbed onto the surface of a drop can fully encapsulate the liquid, creating a robust and durable soft solid with superhydrophobic characteristics referred to as a liquid marble. Artificially created liquid marbles have been studied for about a decade but are already utilized in some hair and skin care products and have numerous other potential applications. These soft solids are usually formed in small quantity by depositing and rolling a drop of liquid on a layer of hydrophobic particles but can also be made in larger quantities in an industrial mixer. In this work, we demonstrate that microscale liquid marbles can also form through self-assembly during water condensation on a superhydrophobic surface covered with a loose layer of hydrophobic nanoparticles. Using in situ environmental scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy, we study the dynamics of liquid marble formation and evaporation as well as their interaction with condensing water droplets. We demonstrate that the self-assembly of nanoparticle films into three-dimensional liquid marbles is driven by multiple coalescence events between partially covered droplets and is aided by surface flows causing rapid nanoparticle film redistribution. We also show that droplet and liquid marble coalescence can occur due to liquid-to-liquid contact or squeezing of the two objects Into each other as a result of compressive forces from surrounding droplets and marbles. Irrelevant of the mechanism, coalescence of marbles and drops can cause their rapid movement across and rolling off the edge of the surface. We also demonstrate that the liquid marbles randomly moving across the surface can be captured and immobilized by hydrophilic surface patterns. C1 [Rykaczewski, Konrad; Walker, Marlon L.; Scott, John Henry J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chinn, Jeff; Chinn, Amy; Jones, Wanda] Integrated Surface Technol Inc, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rykaczewski, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM konrad.rykaczewski@nist.gov FU Integrated Surface Technologies; National Science Foundation [IIP-1026571] FX This research was performed while K.R. held a National Research Council American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (NRC ARRA) Research Associateship at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, MD. Support for this work by Integrated Surface Technologies was provided in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant IIP-1026571. Authors would also like to acknowledge useful discussions with J. Pettibone from NIST. NR 80 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 11 U2 129 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD DEC PY 2011 VL 5 IS 12 BP 9746 EP 9754 DI 10.1021/nn203268e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 865ND UT WOS:000298316700047 PM 22035295 ER PT J AU Pigos, E Penev, ES Ribas, MA Sharma, R Yakobson, BI Harutyunyan, AR AF Pigos, Elena Penev, Evgeni S. Ribas, Morgana A. Sharma, Renu Yakobson, Boris I. Harutyunyan, Avetik R. TI Carbon Nanotube Nucleation Driven by Catalyst Morphology Dynamics SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; growth; catalyst; microscopy; model ID CLOCK RECONSTRUCTION; GROWTH; NICKEL; NANOPARTICLES; CHIRALITY; SURFACES; NI(111); CRYSTAL; FORCE; SHAPE AB In situ observation of the carbon nanotube nucleation process accompanied by dynamic reconstruction of the catalyst particle morphology Is considered within a thermodynamic approach. It reveals the driving force for the detachment of the sp(2)-carbon cap, so-called lift-off-a crucial event in nanotube growth. A continuum model and detailed atomistic calculations identify the critical factors in the lift-off process: (i) catalyst surface energy, affected by the chemisorbed carbon atoms at the exterior surface of the catalyst, exposed to the carbon feedstock; and (ii) the emergence of a pristine, high-energy facet under the sp(2)-carbon dome. This further allows one to evaluate the range of carbon feedstock chemical potential, where the lift-off process occurs, to be followed by emergence of single-walled nanotube, and provides insights Into observed catalyst morphology oscillations leading to formation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. C1 [Penev, Evgeni S.; Ribas, Morgana A.; Yakobson, Boris I.] Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Penev, Evgeni S.; Ribas, Morgana A.; Yakobson, Boris I.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Pigos, Elena; Harutyunyan, Avetik R.] Honda Res Inst USA Inc, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Sharma, Renu] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yakobson, BI (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM biy@rice.edu; aharutyunyan@honda-ri.com FU Honda Research Institute USA Inc. FX This work was supported by Honda Research Institute USA Inc. Assistance of Mr. Karl Weiss and Dr. See Wee Chee for experimental setup and the use of ESTEM at John Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy at Arizona State University is gratefully acknowledged. The full description of the procedures used in this article includes identification of certain commercial products and their suppliers. The inclusion of such information should in no way be construed as indicating that such products or suppliers are endorsed by NIST or are recommended by NIST or that they are necessarily the best materials, instruments, software or suppliers for the purposes described. NR 41 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD DEC PY 2011 VL 5 IS 12 BP 10096 EP 10101 DI 10.1021/nn2040457 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 865ND UT WOS:000298316700088 PM 22082229 ER PT J AU Parrish, DD Singh, HB Molina, L Madronich, S AF Parrish, David D. Singh, Hanwant B. Molina, Luisa Madronich, Sasha TI Air quality progress in North American megacities: A review SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE Air quality; Megacities; Ozone; Particulate matter; Pollution ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CITY METROPOLITAN-AREA; WRF-CHEM MODEL; MEXICO-CITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; INTEX-B; MCMA-2006/MILAGRO CAMPAIGN AB Air quality progress in the North American megacities of Los Angeles, New York, and Mexico City is reviewed, compared, and contrasted. Enormous progress made in North America over the last 5 decades provides a template for other megacities of the world, especially in developing countries, attempting to achieve rapid economic growth without compromising air quality. While the progress to date has been impressive, many challenges remain including the need to improve air quality while simultaneously mitigating climate change. The impact of pollutant emissions from megacities is felt long distances away from the local sources but no policy mechanisms currently exist to mitigate air quality impacts resulting from such pollution transport. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Parrish, David D.] NOAA, ESRL Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Singh, Hanwant B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Molina, Luisa] Molina Ctr Energy & Environm, San Diego, CA USA. [Madronich, Sasha] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Parrish, DD (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL Chem Sci Div, 325 Broadway R CSD7, Boulder, CO USA. EM David.D.Parrish@noaa.gov RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Madronich, Sasha/D-3284-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Madronich, Sasha/0000-0003-0983-1313; FU NASA; NOAA; National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation; MCE2 FX Research supported by NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program, NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program, National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is sponsored by the National Science Foundation and MCE2. The authors thank Professors Arthur M. Winer of UCLA and Benjamin de Foy of Saint Louis University for helpful discussion. NR 93 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 10 U2 111 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 45 IS 39 BP 7015 EP 7025 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.039 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 862UU UT WOS:000298120400001 ER PT J AU Zoogman, P Jacob, DJ Chance, K Zhang, L Le Sager, P Fiore, AM Eldering, A Liu, X Natraj, V Kulawik, SS AF Zoogman, Peter Jacob, Daniel J. Chance, Kelly Zhang, Lin Le Sager, Philippe Fiore, Arlene M. Eldering, Annmarie Liu, Xiong Natraj, Vijay Kulawik, Susan S. TI Ozone air quality measurement requirements for a geostationary satellite mission SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air quality; Ozone; Kalman filter; Assimilation; Remote sensing ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; MONITORING INSTRUMENT; POLLUTION INFLUENCES; UNITED-STATES; CHEMISTRY; PROFILES; MODELS; TES AB We conduct an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) to test the ability of geostationary satellite measurements of ozone in different spectral regions to constrain surface ozone concentrations through data assimilation. Our purpose is to define instrument requirements for the NASA GEO-CAPE geostationary air quality mission over North America. We consider instruments using different spectral combinations of UV (290-340 nm), Vis (560-620 nm), and thermal IR (TIR, 9.6 mu m). Hourly ozone data from the MOZART global 3-D chemical transport model (CTM) are taken as the "true" atmosphere to be sampled by the instruments for July 2001. The resulting synthetic data are assimilated in the GEOS-Chem CTM using a Kalman filter. The MOZART and GEOS-Chem CTMs have independent heritages and use different assimilated meteorological data sets for the same period, making for an objective OSSE. We show that hourly observations of ozone from geostationary orbit improve the assimilation considerably relative to daily observation from low earth orbit, and that broad observation over the ocean is unnecessary if the objective is to constrain surface ozone distribution over land. We also show that there is little propagation of ozone information from the free troposphere to the surface, so that instrument sensitivity in the boundary layer is essential. UV + Vis and UV + TIR spectral combinations improve greatly the information on surface ozone relative to UV alone. UV + TIR is preferable under high-sensitivity conditions with strong thermal contrast at the surface, but UV + Vis is preferable under low-sensitivity conditions. Assimilation of data from a UV + Vis + TIR instrument reduces the GEOS-Chem error for surface ozone by a factor of two. Observation in the TIR is critical to obtain ozone information in the upper troposphere relevant to climate forcing. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zoogman, Peter; Jacob, Daniel J.; Zhang, Lin] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jacob, Daniel J.; Le Sager, Philippe] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chance, Kelly; Liu, Xiong] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Eldering, Annmarie; Natraj, Vijay; Kulawik, Susan S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Zoogman, P (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM zoogman@fas.harvard.edu RI Zhang, Lin/A-6729-2008; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Zhang, Lin/H-9801-2014; Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; OI Zhang, Lin/0000-0003-2383-8431; Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Zoogman, Peter/0000-0002-8848-4999; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577 FU NASA; NASA Earth Science Division, Flight Directorate FX This work was supported by the NASA Atmospheric Composition and Modeling Program, by the NASA Earth Science Division, Flight Directorate, and by a NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship to Peter Zoogman. NR 36 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 45 IS 39 BP 7143 EP 7150 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.058 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 862UU UT WOS:000298120400016 ER PT J AU Fisher, JA Jacob, DJ Wang, QQ Bahreini, R Carouge, CC Cubison, MJ Dibb, JE Diehl, T Jimenez, JL Leibensperger, EM Lu, ZF Meinders, MBJ Pye, HOT Quinn, PK Sharma, S Streets, DG van Donkelaar, A Yantosca, RM AF Fisher, Jenny A. Jacob, Daniel J. Wang, Qiaoqiao Bahreini, Roya Carouge, Claire C. Cubison, Michael J. Dibb, Jack E. Diehl, Thomas Jimenez, Jose L. Leibensperger, Eric M. Lu, Zifeng Meinders, Marcel B. J. Pye, Havala O. T. Quinn, Patricia K. Sharma, Sangeeta Streets, David G. van Donkelaar, Aaron Yantosca, Robert M. TI Sources, distribution, and acidity of sulfate-ammonium aerosol in the Arctic in winter-spring SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Aerosol acidity; Sulfate; Ammonium; Pollution sources ID CIRCULATION MODEL ASSESSMENT; CLOUD RESOLVING SIMULATIONS; DRY DEPOSITION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ASIAN POLLUTION; ICE NUCLEATION; AIR-POLLUTION; INTEX-B; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; OZONE DEPLETION AB We use GEOS-Chem chemical transport model simulations of sulfate-ammonium aerosol data from the NASA ARCTAS and NOAA ARCPAC aircraft campaigns in the North American Arctic in April 2008, together with longer-term data from surface sites, to better understand aerosol sources in the Arctic in winter-spring and the implications for aerosol acidity. Arctic pollution is dominated by transport from mid-latitudes, and we test the relevant ammonia and sulfur dioxide emission inventories in the model by comparison with wet deposition flux data over the source continents. We find that a complicated mix of natural and anthropogenic sources with different vertical signatures is responsible for sulfate concentrations in the Arctic. East Asian pollution influence is weak in winter but becomes important in spring through transport in the free troposphere. European influence is important at all altitudes but never dominant. West Asia (non-Arctic Russia and Kazakhstan) is the largest contributor to Arctic sulfate in surface air in winter, reflecting a southward extension of the Arctic front over that region. Ammonium in Arctic spring mostly originates from anthropogenic sources in East Asia and Europe, with added contribution from boreal fires, resulting in a more neutralized aerosol in the free troposphere than at the surface. The ARCMS and ARCPAC data indicate a median aerosol neutralization fraction [NH4+]/(2[SO42-] + [NO3-]) of 0.5 mol mol(-1) below 2 km and 0.7 mol mol(-1) above. We find that East Asian and European aerosol transported to the Arctic is mostly neutralized, whereas West Asian and North American aerosol is highly acidic. Growth of sulfur emissions in West Asia may be responsible for the observed increase in aerosol acidity at Barrow over the past decade. As global sulfur emissions decline over the next decades, increasing aerosol neutralization in the Arctic is expected, potentially accelerating Arctic warming through indirect radiative forcing and feedbacks. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fisher, Jenny A.; Jacob, Daniel J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jacob, Daniel J.; Wang, Qiaoqiao; Carouge, Claire C.; Leibensperger, Eric M.; Yantosca, Robert M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bahreini, Roya; Cubison, Michael J.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bahreini, Roya] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Cubison, Michael J.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dibb, Jack E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Dibb, Jack E.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Diehl, Thomas] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Diehl, Thomas] NASA, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Lu, Zifeng; Streets, David G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Meinders, Marcel B. J.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Pye, Havala O. T.] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Quinn, Patricia K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Sharma, Sangeeta] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Downsview, ON, Canada. [van Donkelaar, Aaron] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. RP Fisher, JA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Pierce Hall G3H,29 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jafisher@fas.harvard.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Pye, Havala/F-5392-2012; Lu, Zifeng/F-3266-2012; Fisher, Jenny/J-3979-2012; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Yantosca, Robert/F-7920-2014; Wang, Qiaoqiao/M-3884-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Pye, Havala/0000-0002-2014-2140; Fisher, Jenny/0000-0002-2921-1691; Yantosca, Robert/0000-0003-3781-1870; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350; Carouge, Claire/0000-0002-0313-8385 FU NASA; U.S. National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program and the Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM) Program of the U.S. National Science Foundation. We thank A. M. Middlebrook for obtaining the ARCPAC AMS data. NR 131 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 73 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 45 IS 39 BP 7301 EP 7318 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.08.030 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 862UU UT WOS:000298120400032 ER PT J AU Vasquez-Yeomans, L Carrillo, L Morales, S Malca, E Morris, JA Schultz, T Lamkin, JT AF Vasquez-Yeomans, Lourdes Carrillo, Laura Morales, Selene Malca, Estrella Morris, James A., Jr. Schultz, Thomas Lamkin, John T. TI First larval record of Pterois volitans (Pisces: Scorpaenidae) collected from the ichthyoplankton in the Atlantic SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Lionfish larva; Pterois volitans; Larval dispersal; Yucatan Current; Western Caribbean; Atlantic Ocean ID YUCATAN CHANNEL; LIONFISH; CIRCULATION; CURRENTS; MILES AB The first record of a lionfish larva Pterois volitans (Linnaeus 1758) collected from the ichthyoplankton in the Atlantic was found within the Yucatan current off the Western Caribbean, near Cancun, Mexico. The postflexion larva measured 8 mm standard length and was collected using a neuston net aboard the NOAA Ship Gordon Gunter on April 10, 2010. Published morphological and meristic characters were initially used for identification; genetic verification using mtDNA followed. The larva showed 3 distinct pigments beneath the parietal spines that were not included in the original larval description of the species. Ageing of sagittal otoliths exhibited 15-16 daily increments indicating a possible spawn in late March. Given that adult lionfish are established along the Mesoamerican barrier reef, oceanographic patterns suggest that the likely origin of this larva may have been from the southern coast of the Mexican Caribbean to Belize or even Honduras. The Yucatan Current is a rapid means for the potential dispersal of lionfish larvae into the Gulf of Mexico and southern Florida. C1 [Vasquez-Yeomans, Lourdes; Carrillo, Laura; Morales, Selene] El Colegio Frontera Sur, Dept Ecol & Sistemat Acuat, Chetmal 77014, Quintana Roo, Mexico. [Malca, Estrella] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Morris, James A., Jr.] Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Schultz, Thomas] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Lamkin, John T.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Vasquez-Yeomans, L (reprint author), El Colegio Frontera Sur, Dept Ecol & Sistemat Acuat, Ave Centenario Km 5-5, Chetmal 77014, Quintana Roo, Mexico. EM lvasquez@ecosur.mx RI Malca, Estrella/D-7366-2012; OI Schultz, Thomas/0000-0001-9694-9920 FU ECOSUR; University of Miami-CIMAS; NASA; NOAA FX We acknowledge the captain and crew of the R/V Gordon Gunter for sample collection and D. Drass, D. Acevedo, J. Cohuo, M. Yescas, as well as scientists from NOAA (United States), INAPESCA (Mexico), and ECOSUR (Mexico) that participated in the survey. We also thank W. Nagel for assistance with genetic analysis and D. Ahrenholz, J. Smith, P. Mararro, and M. Fonseca for assistance with manuscript review. Support and analyses for the cruise were partially funded by ECOSUR, the University of Miami-CIMAS, the NASA Biodiversity and Ecological Forecasting program, and NOAA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD DEC PY 2011 VL 13 IS 12 BP 2635 EP 2640 DI 10.1007/s10530-011-9968-z PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 870CD UT WOS:000298645800001 ER PT J AU Orloff, ND Dennis, JR Cecchini, M Schonbrun, E Rocas, E Wang, Y Novotny, D Simmonds, RW Moreland, J Takeuchi, I Booth, JC AF Orloff, Nathan D. Dennis, Jaclyn R. Cecchini, Marco Schonbrun, Ethan Rocas, Eduard Wang, Yu Novotny, David Simmonds, Raymond W. Moreland, John Takeuchi, Ichiro Booth, James C. TI Manipulating particle trajectories with phase-control in surface acoustic wave microfluidics SO BIOMICROFLUIDICS LA English DT Article ID MICROPARTICLES; SEPARATION; TWEEZERS; FORCE; MODE AB We present a 91 MHz surface acoustic wave resonator with integrated microfluidics that includes a flow focus, an expansion region, and a binning region in order to manipulate particle trajectories. We demonstrate the ability to change the position of the acoustic nodes by varying the electronic phase of one of the transducers relative to the other in a pseudo-static manner. The measurements were performed at room temperature with 3 mu m diameter latex beads dispersed in a water-based solution. We demonstrate the dependence of nodal position on pseudo-static phase and show simultaneous control of 9 bead streams with spatial control of -0.058 mu m/deg +/- 0.001 mu m/deg. As a consequence of changing the position of bead streams perpendicular to their flow direction, we also show that the integrated acoustic-microfluidic device can be used to change the trajectory of a bead stream towards a selected bin with an angular control of 0.008 deg/deg +/- 0.000(2) deg/deg. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3661129] C1 [Orloff, Nathan D.; Wang, Yu; Novotny, David; Simmonds, Raymond W.; Moreland, John; Booth, James C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dennis, Jaclyn R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cecchini, Marco] NEST, Ist Nanosci, CNR, Pisa, Italy. [Cecchini, Marco] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Schonbrun, Ethan] Harvard Univ, Rowland Inst, Cambridge, MA 02124 USA. [Rocas, Eduard] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona, Spain. [Takeuchi, Ichiro] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Orloff, ND (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway Ave, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Schonbrun, Ethan/I-4165-2012; OI Orloff, Nathan/0000-0001-5391-4699; Cecchini, Marco/0000-0002-9688-2356 NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1932-1058 J9 BIOMICROFLUIDICS JI Biomicrofluidics PD DEC PY 2011 VL 5 IS 4 AR 044107 DI 10.1063/1.3661129 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biophysics; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 869ZK UT WOS:000298638700008 PM 22662059 ER PT J AU Anderson, DM Bauer, BA Buckner, CR Gille, E Gross, WS Hartman, M Morrill, C Shah, AM Wahl, ER AF Anderson, David Morrill Bauer, Bruce A. Buckner, Charles R. Gille, Edward Gross, Wendy S. Hartman, Michael Morrill, Carrie Shah, Anju M. Wahl, Eugene R. TI Web 2.0 collaborations address uncertainty in climate reconstructions of the past millennium SO EARTH SCIENCE INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE global change; paleoclimatology ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE TEMPERATURES; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY; RESOLUTION; CENTURIES; RECORDS; NETWORK AB Reducing uncertainty in global temperature reconstructions of the past millennium remains the key issue in applying this record to society's pressing climate change problem. Reconstructions are collaborative, built on the research of hundreds of scientists who apply their diverse scientific expertise and field and laboratory skill to create the individual proxy reconstructions that underlie the multi-proxy, global average temperature time series. Web 2.0 features have enabled collaborative efforts that improve the characterization of uncertainty. Raw data shared via a repository (the World Data Center for Paleoclimatology) enable new reconstructions from the collection of user-generated data. Standards propagated by expert communities facilitate quality control and interoperability. Open access to data and computer code promote transparency and make the science accessible to a broader audience. Blogs, wikis, and listservs share background information and highlight contentious as well as unique aspects of paleo science. A novel approach now underway, titled the Paleoclimate Reconstruction Challenge, and based on the sharing of simulated data (pseudo-proxies) and reconstruction results, seeks to facilitate method development, further reducing uncertainty. Broadly-useful aspects of the Challenge may find application in other fields. C1 [Anderson, David Morrill; Bauer, Bruce A.; Buckner, Charles R.; Gille, Edward; Gross, Wendy S.; Hartman, Michael; Morrill, Carrie; Shah, Anju M.; Wahl, Eugene R.] NOAA, NOAA Paleoclimatol, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Anderson, DM (reprint author), NOAA, NOAA Paleoclimatol, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. EM david.m.anderson@noaa.gov RI anderson, david/E-6416-2011; OI Morrill, Carrie/0000-0002-1635-5469 NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1865-0473 EI 1865-0481 J9 EARTH SCI INFORM JI Earth Sci. Inform. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 4 IS 4 SI SI BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1007/s12145-011-0086-3 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 864HL UT WOS:000298228600001 ER PT J AU Livingston, PA Kruse, GH Richards, LJ AF Livingston, Patricia A. Kruse, Gordon H. Richards, Laura J. TI Progress toward ecosystem-based approaches for the assessment of fisheries under data-limited situations Preface SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Livingston, Patricia A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kruse, Gordon H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Richards, Laura J.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. RP Livingston, PA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Pat.Livingston@noaa.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 112 IS 3 SI SI BP 105 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.10.005 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 872AG UT WOS:000298778200001 ER PT J AU Seung, C Zhang, CI AF Seung, Chang Zhang, Chang Ik TI Developing socioeconomic indicators for fisheries off Alaska: A multi-attribute utility function approach SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem-based fisheries management; Alaskan fisheries; Holistic assessment; Multi-attribute utility function; Socio-economic indicators ID SKEENA RIVER; MANAGEMENT; SALMON AB Ecosystem-based fisheries management requires a holistic assessment of fisheries status that integrates fishery ecosystem indicators for several major objectives such as sustainability, biodiversity, habitat quality, and socioeconomic status. Scientists have already paid much attention to the first three objectives and to the development of their indicators. Although there have been some efforts to develop socioeconomic indicators, relatively less attention has been paid to socioeconomic status and the development of its indicators. In addition, the socioeconomic indicators developed to date are not firmly based on economic theory. We (i) discuss the problems with previous approaches to developing socioeconomic indicators; (ii) present theoretical foundations of a multi-attribute utility function (MAUF) approach in developing socioeconomic indicators; (iii) discuss the issues associated with implementing the MAUF approach for fisheries in Alaska; (iv) present, as an example, several socioeconomic indicators developed using the MAUF approach for a fishery off Alaska; and (v) present results from some sensitivity analyses for the form of utility functions and weights. Future directions are also discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Seung, Chang] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Zhang, Chang Ik] Pukyong Natl Univ, Pusan 608737, South Korea. RP Seung, C (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM chang.seung@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 112 IS 3 SI SI BP 117 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.04.004 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 872AG UT WOS:000298778200003 ER PT J AU Ormseth, OA Spencer, PD AF Ormseth, Olav A. Spencer, Paul D. TI An assessment of vulnerability in Alaska groundfish SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Vulnerability; Fishery management; Groundfish; Alaska ID AUSTRALIAN TRAWL FISHERY; ELASMOBRANCH BYCATCH; EXTINCTION RISK; MARINE FISHES; CATCH LIMITS; SEA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SUSTAINABILITY; POPULATIONS AB Federal fishery management rules in the United States have recently changed, necessitating an examination of which fish stocks require annual catch limits and how appropriate stock complexes are formed. We used an analytical approach termed productivity-susceptibility analysis (PSA) to analyze the vulnerability of federally managed Alaska groundfish stocks to overfishing. The focus of the effort was non-target stocks that have limited data available for determining stock status and vulnerability. The PSA approach was originally created to assess risks to bycatch in Australian trawl fisheries and compares productivity attributes (e.g. life-history traits) to factors that determine a stock's susceptibility to fishing impacts, producing a combined score indicative of a stock's relative vulnerability to overfishing. We used a form of the PSA developed by a working group from the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service specifically for use in assessing vulnerability in federally managed fisheries. Alaska groundfish displayed a wide range of vulnerability scores, and this result was mainly due to variability in productivity scores. Susceptibility scores varied less than productivity scores and were centered on an intermediate value. The inclusion of target stocks in the PSA was valuable for assessing the relative vulnerability of the non-target stocks. Sensitivity analyses indicated that PSAs respond differently to changes in attribute scores depending on their initial conditions, and managers should be careful in interpreting changes in PSA results when stocks are re-evaluated. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ormseth, Olav A.; Spencer, Paul D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ormseth, OA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM olav.ormseth@noaa.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 112 IS 3 SI SI BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.02.010 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 872AG UT WOS:000298778200004 ER PT J AU Mancini, A Senko, J Borquez-Reyes, R Poo, JG Seminoff, JA Koch, V AF Mancini, Agnese Senko, Jesse Borquez-Reyes, Ricardo Poo, Juan Guzman Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Koch, Volker TI To Poach or Not to Poach an Endangered Species: Elucidating the Economic and Social Drivers Behind Illegal Sea Turtle Hunting in Baja California Sur, Mexico SO HUMAN ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Baja California Sur; Mexico; Sea turtles; Black market; Poaching; Law enforcement; Fisheries; Illegal wildlife trade ID LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; LUANGWA-VALLEY; CONSERVATION; ENFORCEMENT; FISHERIES; CONSUMPTION; BYCATCH; COMANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; COMMUNITY AB Despite complete legal protection, improvements in infrastructure, and market conditions that provide easier access to other protein sources, illegal poaching of sea turtles for consumption in Baja California Sur (BCS), Mexico remains a major threat to their recovery. Few studies have focused on understanding the economic and social drivers behind this activity, which is fundamental to determining best practices for discouraging it. From June 2007 to April 2008 we conducted eight in-depth, semi-structured interviews with sea turtle poachers at five coastal communities in BCS to determine the drivers influencing them. The most prevalent reasons for illegal poaching were direct economic benefits, lack of law enforcement and ease of escape from or bribery of authorities, and strong family tradition. Our results suggest that to reduce illegal poaching it will be necessary to better enforce existing environmental laws, reduce social acceptance of sea turtle hunting throughout the region, educate fishers on the ecological importance of sea turtles, and show fishers direct economic benefits from non-consumptive use of sea turtles, such as ecotourism. C1 [Mancini, Agnese] Boomerang Earth Conservat, F-92160 Antony, France. [Mancini, Agnese; Borquez-Reyes, Ricardo; Poo, Juan Guzman; Koch, Volker] Univ Autonoma Baja California Sur, Depto Biol Marina, La Paz 23080, Bolivia. [Senko, Jesse] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA Natl Marine Fishery Serv, Marine Turtle Ecol & Assessment Program, SW Fishery Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Koch, Volker] Invest Conservac & Desarrollo, La Paz, Bolivia. RP Mancini, A (reprint author), Boomerang Earth Conservat, F-92160 Antony, France. EM amancini1979@gmail.com RI Koch, Volker/J-1587-2012 NR 75 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 64 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0300-7839 EI 1572-9915 J9 HUM ECOL JI Hum. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 39 IS 6 BP 743 EP 756 DI 10.1007/s10745-011-9425-8 PG 14 WC Anthropology; Environmental Studies; Sociology SC Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Sociology GA 865ZK UT WOS:000298349200003 ER PT J AU Rocas, E Collado, C Mateu, J Orloff, N O'Callaghan, JM Booth, JC AF Rocas, Eduard Collado, Carlos Mateu, Jordi Orloff, Nathan O'Callaghan, Juan M. Booth, James C. TI A Large-Signal Model of Ferroelectric Thin-Film Transmission Lines SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Circuit modeling; ferroelectric films; large-signal model; microwave measurements; nonlinear response; thermal effects ID INTERMODULATION DISTORTION; HARMONIC-GENERATION; MICROWAVE; NONLINEARITIES; DEVICES AB This paper evaluates the microwave nonlinear properties and tuning at RF frequencies of ferroelectric Ba0.3Sr0.7TiO3 thin films by on-wafer measurements of the second-and third-order harmonics and intermodulation products of several coplanar transmission lines as a function of dc bias. We analyze these data by use of a large-signal circuit model to obtain the nonlinear distributed capacitance as a function of voltage. Whereas the model with an electric-field-dependent dielectric constant for the ferroelectric material is able to predict the tuning when a dc voltage is applied and the generated harmonics, it disagrees with the measured third-order intermodulation products at frequencies 2 omega(1) - omega(2) and 2 omega(2) - omega(1). Nonlinear effects due to self-heating mechanisms are also considered, along with an additional phenomenological source of nonlinearities, to model all the observables. Interactions between the ferroelectric and self-heating components give rise to a deep null in both the measured and modeled intermodulation-distortion component. C1 [Rocas, Eduard; Collado, Carlos; Mateu, Jordi; O'Callaghan, Juan M.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Rocas, Eduard; Orloff, Nathan; Booth, James C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rocas, E (reprint author), Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. EM eduard.rocas@tsc.upc.edu; collado@tsc.upc.edu; jmateu@tsc.upc.edu; nathan.orloff@gmail.com; joano@tsc.upc.edu; booth@boulder.nist.gov RI O'Callaghan, Juan /F-6595-2013; collado, carlos/B-1651-2010; mateu, jordi/H-7285-2015; OI O'Callaghan, Juan /0000-0002-2740-0202; collado, carlos/0000-0002-8869-2739; mateu, jordi/0000-0001-9833-9966; Orloff, Nathan/0000-0001-5391-4699 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [TEC-2009-13897-C03-01/TCM, MAT-2008-06761-C03-02]; Spanish Ministry of Education [BES-2007-16775] FX This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under Grant TEC-2009-13897-C03-01/TCM and Grant MAT-2008-06761-C03-02. The work of E. Rocas was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education under Ph.D. Fellowship BES-2007-16775. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 59 IS 12 BP 3059 EP 3067 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2011.2169420 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 861VQ UT WOS:000298048000007 ER PT J AU Pryor, E Kotarek, JA Moss, MA Hestekin, CN AF Pryor, Elizabeth Kotarek, Joseph A. Moss, Melissa A. Hestekin, Christa N. TI Monitoring Insulin Aggregation via Capillary Electrophoresis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE capillary electrophoresis; ultraviolet absorbance; laser induced fluorescence; thioflavin T; insulin; oligomer; amyloid ID AMYLOID-BETA-PROTEIN; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; FIBRIL FORMATION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; IN-VITRO; A-BETA; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DIABETIC-PATIENT; HUMAN BRAIN AB Early stages of insulin aggregation, which involve the transient formation of oligomeric aggregates, are an important aspect in the progression of Type II diabetes and in the quality control of pharmaceutical insulin production. This study is the first to utilize capillary electrophoresis (CE) with ultraviolet (UV) detection to monitor insulin oligomer formation at pH 8.0 and physiological ionic strength. The lag time to formation of the first detected species in the aggregation process was evaluated by UV-CE and thioflavin T (ThT) binding for salt concentrations from 100 mM to 250 mM. UV-CE had a significantly shorter (5-8 h) lag time than ThT binding (15-19 h). In addition, the lag time to detection of the first aggregated species via UV-CE was unaffected by salt concentration, while a trend toward an increased lag time with increased salt concentration was observed with ThT binding. This result indicates that solution ionic strength impacts early stages of aggregation and beta-sheet aggregate formation differently. To observe whether CE may be applied for the analysis of biological samples containing low insulin concentrations, the limit of detection using UV and laser induced fluorescence (LIF) detection modes was determined. The limit of detection using LIF-CE, 48.4 pM, was lower than the physiological insulin concentration, verifying the utility of this technique for monitoring biological samples. LIF-CE was subsequently used to analyze the time course for fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled insulin oligomer formation. This study is the first to report that the FITC label prevented incorporation of insulin into oligomers, cautioning against the use of this fluorescent label as a tag for following early stages of insulin aggregation. C1 [Kotarek, Joseph A.; Moss, Melissa A.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Swearingen Engn Ctr 2C02, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Pryor, Elizabeth; Hestekin, Christa N.] Univ Arkansas, Ralph E Martin Dept Chem Engn, Bell Engn Ctr 3202, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Hestekin, CN (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM npryor@uark.edu; joseph.kotarek@nist.gov; mossme@cec.sc.edu; chesteki@uark.edu FU Arkansas Applied Biosciences Institute, University of Arkansas; National Institutes of Health; National Center for Research Resources [1P30RR031154-02]; National Science Foundation; EPSCoR [EPS-0447660] FX This work was supported by the Arkansas Applied Biosciences Institute, University of Arkansas start-up funds, National Institutes of Health and National Center for Research Resources under Grant No. 1P30RR031154-02, and the National Science Foundation and EPSCoR under Grant No. EPS-0447660. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, or National Center for Research Resources. NR 84 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 30 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-0067 J9 INT J MOL SCI JI Int. J. Mol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 12 IS 12 BP 9369 EP 9388 DI 10.3390/ijms12129369 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 866TD UT WOS:000298405100065 PM 22272138 ER PT J AU Swaminathan, P LaVan, DA Weihs, TP AF Swaminathan, P. LaVan, D. A. Weihs, T. P. TI Dynamics of solidification in Al thin films measured using a nanocalorimeter SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HEAT-CAPACITY MEASUREMENTS; SCANNING CALORIMETER; LASER-PULSES; ALUMINUM; ALLOYS; RECALESCENCE; NUCLEATION; GERMANIUM; KINETICS; CRYSTAL AB We demonstrate how a nanocalorimeter can be used to measure the dynamics of thin film melting and solidification using aluminum as a model system. Recalescence, a rise in temperature due to enthalpy release on solidification, is observed when the rate of heat release is faster than the rate of heat extraction. For thin films, with a large density of nucleation centers at the interface, recalescence effects are observed at high cooling rates where direct measurements of heat capacities and enthalpy changes are challenging. Temperature rates of 10(4) K/s were applied using nanocalorimeter chips; the nanocalorimeter allows direct measurement of the under cooling, temperature rise during solidification, and the associated changes in enthalpy. This work highlights some of the challenges recalescence causes in physical measurements and provides a numerical strategy to evaluate enthalpy changes during rapid solidification. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3668128] C1 [Swaminathan, P.; LaVan, D. A.] NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Swaminathan, P.; Weihs, T. P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP LaVan, DA (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.lavan@nist.gov; weihs@jhu.edu RI LaVan, David/C-3943-2012; Weihs, Timothy/A-3313-2010 OI LaVan, David/0000-0002-1952-0028; FU NIST [70NANB9H9146] FX Research is supported in part by NIST Grant No. 70NANB9H9146. Research is performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science & Technology. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this document. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the products identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. We thank William Boettinger, Sara C. Barron, Ravi Kummamuru, L. H. Allen, Lito De La Rama, and Liang Hu for useful discussions and assistance. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2011 VL 110 IS 11 AR 113519 DI 10.1063/1.3668128 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 864QL UT WOS:000298254800040 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Xie, W Yan, Y Liu, G Kaduk, J Thomas, E Tritt, T AF Wong-Ng, W. Xie, W. Yan, Y. Liu, G. Kaduk, J. Thomas, E. Tritt, T. TI Structural and thermoelectric properties of BaRCo4O7 (R = Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; COBALT OXIDES; THIN-FILMS; CA3CO4O9; CA3CO2O6; SRCR9PGA12-9PO19; YBACO4O7+DELTA; MAGNETISM; POWER AB The structure and thermoelectric properties of a series of barium lanthanide cobaltites, BaRCo4O7 (R = Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu), which were prepared using the spark plasma synthesis technique, have been investigated. The space group of these compounds was re-determined and confirmed to be P31c instead of the reported P6(3)mc. The lattice parameters a and c range from 6.26279(2) angstrom to 6.31181(6) angstrom, and from 10.22468(6) angstrom to 10.24446(15) angstrom for R Lu to Dy, respectively. The crystal structure of BaRCo4O7 is built up from Kagome sheets of CoO4 tetrahedra, linked by triangular layers of CoO4 tetrahedra. The values of figure of merit (ZT) of the BaRCo4O7 samples were determined to be around 0.02 at 800 K. X-ray diffraction patterns of these samples have been determined and submitted to the Powder Diffraction File. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3663526] C1 [Wong-Ng, W.; Yan, Y.; Liu, G.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xie, W.; Tritt, T.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys, Greensville, SC 29634 USA. [Kaduk, J.] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Thomas, E.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov RI XIE, WENJIE/G-5049-2011 OI XIE, WENJIE/0000-0003-1826-7574 NR 35 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2011 VL 110 IS 11 AR 113706 DI 10.1063/1.3663526 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 864QL UT WOS:000298254800056 ER PT J AU Curtis, CD Torres, SM AF Curtis, Christopher D. Torres, Sebastian M. TI Adaptive Range Oversampling to Achieve Faster Scanning on the National Weather Radar Testbed Phased-Array Radar SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR; SPECTRAL MOMENT; CONVECTIVE STORMS; SIGNALS; SIMULATION; WSR-88D; DESIGN AB This paper describes a real-time implementation of adaptive range oversampling processing on the National Weather Radar Testbed phased-array radar. It is demonstrated that, compared to conventional matched-filter processing, range oversampling can be used to reduce scan update times by a factor of 2 while producing meteorological data with similar quality. Adaptive range oversampling uses moment-specific transformations to minimize the variance of meteorological variable estimates. An efficient algorithm is introduced that allows for seamless integration with other signal processing functions and reduces the computational burden. Through signal processing, a new dimension is added to the traditional trade-off triangle that includes the variance of estimates, spatial coverage, and update time. That is, by trading an increase in computational complexity, data with higher temporal resolution can be collected and the variance of estimates can be improved without affecting the spatial coverage. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Curtis, CD (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM chris.curtis@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1227] FX The authors thank the anonymous reviewers, Dick Doviak, and Igor Ivic for providing comments to improve the manuscript and also the team of engineers and software developers at NSSL that made the real-time implementation of this technique on the NWRT possible. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 28 IS 12 BP 1581 EP 1597 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-10-05042.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 872PX UT WOS:000298822900001 ER PT J AU Ming, Y Ramaswamy, V Chen, G AF Ming, Y. Ramaswamy, V. Chen, Gang TI A Model Investigation of Aerosol-Induced Changes in Boreal Winter Extratropical Circulation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; STORM-TRACKS; EL-NINO; CLIMATE; WESTERLIES; RESPONSES; SCHEME; OCEANS; CO2 AB The authors examine the key characteristics of the boreal winter extratropical circulation changes in response to anthropogenic aerosols, simulated with a coupled atmosphere-slab ocean general circulation model. The zonal-mean response features a pronounced equatorward shift of the Northern Hemisphere subtropical jet owing to the midlatitude aerosol cooling. The circulation changes also show strong zonal asymmetry. In particular, the cooling is more concentrated over the North Pacific than over the North Atlantic despite similar regional forcings. With the help of an idealized model, the authors demonstrate that the zonally asymmetrical response is linked tightly to the stationary Rossby waves excited by the anomalous diabatic heating over the tropical east Pacific. The altered wave pattern leads to a southeastward shift of the Aleutian low (and associated changes in winds and precipitation), while leaving the North Atlantic circulation relatively unchanged. Despite the rich circulation changes, the variations in the extratropical meridional latent heat transport are controlled strongly by the dependence of atmospheric moisture content on temperature. This suggests that one can project reliably the changes in extratropical zonal-mean precipitation solely from the global-mean temperature change, even without a good knowledge of the detailed circulation changes caused by aerosols. On the other hand, such knowledge is indispensable for understanding zonally asymmetrical (regional) precipitation changes. C1 [Ming, Y.; Ramaswamy, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Chen, Gang] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Ming, Y (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM yi.ming@noaa.gov RI Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012; Chen, Gang/I-3305-2012 OI Chen, Gang/0000-0003-4934-1909 NR 44 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 1 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 23 BP 6077 EP 6091 DI 10.1175/2011JCLI4111.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 861LN UT WOS:000298020500007 ER PT J AU Klocke, D Pincus, R Quaas, J AF Klocke, Daniel Pincus, Robert Quaas, Johannes TI On Constraining Estimates of Climate Sensitivity with Present-Day Observations through Model Weighting SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL CYCLE; RADIATION BUDGET; CLOUD FEEDBACK; PROJECTIONS; PARAMETERIZATION; UNCERTAINTIES; SIMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; ENSEMBLE; ALBEDO AB The distribution of model-based estimates of equilibrium climate sensitivity has not changed substantially in more than 30 years. Efforts to narrow this distribution by weighting projections according to measures of model fidelity have so far failed, largely because climate sensitivity is independent of current measures of skill in current ensembles of models. This work presents a cautionary example showing that measures of model fidelity that are effective at narrowing the distribution of future projections (because they are systematically related to climate sensitivity in an ensemble of models) may be poor measures of the likelihood that a model will provide an accurate estimate of climate sensitivity (and thus degrade distributions of projections if they are used as weights). Furthermore, it appears unlikely that statistical tests alone can identify robust measures of likelihood. The conclusions are drawn from two ensembles: one obtained by perturbing parameters in a single climate model and a second containing the majority of the world's climate models. The simple ensemble reproduces many aspects of the multimodel ensemble, including the distributions of skill in reproducing the present-day climatology of clouds and radiation, the distribution of climate sensitivity, and the dependence of climate sensitivity on certain cloud regimes. Weighting by error measures targeted on those regimes permits the development of tighter relationships between climate sensitivity and model error and, hence, narrower distributions of climate sensitivity in the simple ensemble. These relationships, however, do not carry into the multimodel ensemble. This suggests that model weighting based on statistical relationships alone is unfounded and perhaps that climate model errors are still large enough that model weighting is not sensible. C1 [Klocke, Daniel; Quaas, Johannes] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Pincus, Robert] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pincus, Robert] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Klocke, D (reprint author), European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. EM daniel.klocke@ecmwf.int RI Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013; Quaas, Johannes/I-2656-2013 OI Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470; Quaas, Johannes/0000-0001-7057-194X FU Max Planck Society; International Max Planck Research School for Earth System Modelling; National Science Foundation's Center for Multi-Scale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes; German Research Foundation FX We thank the Max Planck Society, the International Max Planck Research School for Earth System Modelling, the National Science Foundation's Center for Multi-Scale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes, and the German Research Foundation Emmy Noether grant program for supporting this work. Bjorn Stevens, Louise Nuijens, Thorsten Mauritsen, and Jeffrey L. Anderson provided valuable feedback on early drafts of this paper, and three anonymous reviewers helped us refine the arguments. We acknowledge the modeling groups, PCMDI and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) for their roles in making the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel dataset available. The Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, provides support for the CMIP3 dataset. Model simulations were carried out on the supercomputing facilities of the German Climate Computation Center (DKRZ) in Hamburg. NR 37 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 1 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 23 BP 6092 EP 6099 DI 10.1175/2011JCLI4193.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 861LN UT WOS:000298020500008 ER PT J AU Zhang, S AF Zhang, S. TI A Study of Impacts of Coupled Model Initial Shocks and State Parameter Optimization on Climate Predictions Using a Simple Pycnocline Prediction Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; SIMULATED RADAR DATA; DATA ASSIMILATION; MICROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS; ATMOSPHERIC STATE; ERROR COVARIANCE; PART II; SYSTEM; ADJUSTMENT; BIAS AB A skillful decadal prediction that foretells varying regional climate conditions over seasonal interannual to multidecadal time scales is of societal significance. However, predictions initialized from the climateobserving system tend to drift away from observed states toward the imperfect model climate because of the model biases arising from imperfect model equations, numeric schemes, and physical parameterizations, as well as the errors in the values of model parameters. Here, a simple coupled model that simulates the fundamental features of the real climate system and a "twin" experiment framework are designed to study the impact of initialization and parameter optimization on decadal predictions. One model simulation is treated as "truth" and sampled to produce "observations" that are assimilated into other simulations to produce observation-estimated states and parameters. The degree to which the model forecasts based on different estimates recover the truth is an assessment of the impact of coupled initial shocks and parameter optimization on climate predictions of interests. The results show that the coupled model initialization through coupled data assimilation in which all coupled model components are coherently adjusted by observations minimizes the initial coupling shocks that reduce the forecast errors on seasonal interannual time scales. Model parameter optimization with observations effectively mitigates the model bias, thus constraining the model drift in long time-scale predictions. The coupled model state parameter optimization greatly enhances the model predictability. While valid "atmospheric" forecasts are extended 5 times, the decadal predictability of the "deep ocean" is almost doubled. The coherence of optimized model parameters and states is critical to improve the long time-scale predictions. C1 Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Zhang, S (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM shaoqing.zhang@noaa.gov FU GFDL; Wisconsin University; NSF [0968383] FX Special thanks go to Tony Rosati, Tom Delworth at GFDL, and Prof. Z. Liu at Wisconsin University for their persistent support and encouragement on this research. Thanks go to Drs. Rym Msadek and You-Soon Chang for their helpful comments on a preliminary version of this paper. This research is supported by the NSF project Grant 0968383. NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 1 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 23 BP 6210 EP 6226 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-10-05003.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 861LN UT WOS:000298020500017 ER PT J AU Young, PJ Thompson, DWJ Rosenlof, KH Solomon, S Lamarque, JF AF Young, Paul J. Thompson, David W. J. Rosenlof, Karen H. Solomon, Susan Lamarque, Jean-Francois TI The Seasonal Cycle and Interannual Variability in Stratospheric Temperatures and Links to the Brewer-Dobson Circulation: An Analysis of MSU and SSU Data SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MEAN MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE STRATOSPHERE; TROPICAL MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; SEMIANNUAL OSCILLATION; DOWNWARD CONTROL; PLANETARY-WAVES; WINTER STRATOSPHERE; SUMMER HEMISPHERE; OZONE DEPLETION; MESOSPHERE AB Previous studies have shown that lower-stratosphere temperatures display a near-perfect cancellation between tropical and extratropical latitudes on both annual and interannual time scales. The out-of-phase relationship between tropical and high-latitude lower-stratospheric temperatures is a consequence of variability in the strength of the Brewer Dobson circulation (BDC). In this study, the signal of the BDC in stratospheric temperature variability is examined throughout the depth of the stratosphere using data from the Stratospheric Sounding Unit (SSU). While the BDC has a seemingly modest signal in the annual cycle in zonal-mean temperatures in the mid- and upper stratosphere, it has a pronounced signal in the month-to-month and interannual variability. Tropical and extratropical temperatures are significantly negatively correlated in all SSU channels on interannual time scales, suggesting that variations in wave driving are a major factor controlling globalscale temperature variability not only in the lower stratosphere (as shown in previous studies), but also in the mid- and upper stratosphere. The out-of-phase relationship between tropical and high latitudes peaks at all levels during the cold-season months: December March in the Northern Hemisphere and July October in the Southern Hemisphere. In the upper stratosphere, the out-of-phase relationship with high-latitude temperatures extends beyond the tropics and well into the extratropics of the opposite hemisphere. The seasonal cycle in stratospheric temperatures follows the annual march of insolation at all levels and latitudes except in the mid- to upper tropical stratosphere, where it is dominated by the semiannual oscillation. Midto upper-stratospheric temperatures also exhibit a distinct but small semiannual cycle at extratropical latitudes. C1 [Young, Paul J.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Young, Paul J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Thompson, David W. J.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Solomon, Susan] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Solomon, Susan] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Young, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, 325 Broadway R CSD8, Boulder, CO USA. EM paul.j.young@noaa.gov RI Young, Paul/E-8739-2010; Thompson, David/F-9627-2012; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Young, Paul/0000-0002-5608-8887; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; FU National Science Foundation; NOAA/Climate; Global Change Program FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.; Remote Sensing Systems are thanked for the provision of MSU data, sponsored by the NOAA/Climate and Global Change Program. (Data are available online at www.remss.com.) Drs. Craig Long and Roger Lin at NOAA/CDC, Bill Randel and Fei Wu at NCAR, and John Nash at the Met Office are all thanked for the provision of, and information pertaining to, the SSU data. Dr. Rolando Garcia is thanked for comments on an earlier draft, and Drs. John Daniel, Bob Portmann, and Eric Ray at NOAA are thanked for helpful comments and suggestions throughout different stages of this analysis. We also thank Prof. Matt Hitchman and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that improved our final version. NR 68 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 1 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 23 BP 6243 EP 6258 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-10-05028.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 861LN UT WOS:000298020500019 ER PT J AU Renkawitz, MD Gregory, RS Schneider, DC AF Renkawitz, M. D. Gregory, R. S. Schneider, D. C. TI Habitat dependant growth of three species of bottom settling fish in a coastal fjord SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic cod; Eelgrass; Greenland cod; Growth rates; Habitat complexity; White hake ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; JUVENILE COD; PREDATION RISK; EASTERN NEWFOUNDLAND; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; ESTUARINE HABITATS; SEAGRASS MEADOWS; WHITE HAKE; SIZE AB Settlement of juvenile fish is often associated with structurally complex habitat such as eelgrass (Zostera marina L). We tested whether juvenile Greenland cod (Gadus ogac Richardson), Atlantic cod (G. morhua L), and white hake (Urophycis tenuis Mitchill) have higher feeding and growth rates in structurally complex eelgrass habitat compared to barren seafloor or the water column. We conducted five single species field experiments from September 2002-October 2003, to test whether juvenile Greenland cod, Atlantic cod, and white hake had higher feeding and growth rates in structurally complex eelgrass habitat compared to barren seafloor or the water column. In two experiments with G. ogac, growth rates did not differ among habitats in autumn 2002, but in autumn 2003 fish grew fastest in the water column (0.449 +/- 0.055%.d(-1)) compared to barren (0.372 +/- 0.028%.d(-1)) or eelgrass habitats (0.254 +/- 0.013%.d(-1)). In two experiments with G. morhua, growth rates over the winter (2002-2003) did not differ among habitats, but in spring of 2003 growth was significantly greater in eelgrass (0.366 +/- 0.026%.d(-1)) compared to barren (0.327 +/- 0.035%.d(-1)) or water column habitats (0.065 0.013%.d(-1)). In one experiment with U. tenuis, growth was faster in eelgrass (0.713 +/- 0.062%.d(-1)) than barren (0.483 +/- 0.055%.d(-1)) or water column habitats (0.271 +/- 0.040%.d(-1)). Zooplankton abundance was consistently highest among seafloor habitats (i.e., eelgrass and barren substrate) and lowest in the water column. More food (by weight) was consumed by U. tenuis and G. ogac in eelgrass than other habitats, while G. morhua consumed the most food over barren substrate. Results are generally consistent with predictions of higher growth rates and food rations among seafloor habitats for white hake and Atlantic cod. Greenland cod did not grow as predicted indicating that potential trade-offs in habitat selection may vary with season and the response to habitat is not uniform among species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Renkawitz, M. D.; Schneider, D. C.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Ctr Ocean Sci, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. [Gregory, R. S.] Ctr Expertise Aquat Habitat Res, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. [Gregory, R. S.] Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ecol Sci Sect, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. RP Renkawitz, MD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Mark.Renkawitz@noaa.gov FU Environmental Sciences Strategic Research Fund of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Memorial University of Newfoundland School of Graduate Studies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada; Parks Canada FX We thank our field crews in 2002-03 (Jessica Anderson, Amanda Burry, Katie Dailey, Mery Langdon, Janice Linehan, Corey Morris, Melissa Pink, Lee Sheppard, Dave Stirling, Maria Thistle, Kim Young) and volunteers (Geert van Biesen, Ellen Jedrey) for their efforts at various stages of the project. We thank Dr. Dave Cote (Parks Canada), Dr. Paul Snelgrove (Memorial University of Newfoundland), Dr. Joel Fordie (University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill), and an anonymous reviewer for extensive advice and guidance. Funding for was provided by the Environmental Sciences Strategic Research Fund of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Memorial University of Newfoundland School of Graduate Studies, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada and the Species at Risk Research Fund of Parks Canada.[RH] NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD DEC 1 PY 2011 VL 409 IS 1-2 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2011.08.004 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 866EK UT WOS:000298363100010 ER PT J AU Humphries, AT La Peyre, MK Kimball, ME Rozas, LP AF Humphries, Austin T. La Peyre, Megan K. Kimball, Matthew E. Rozas, Lawrence P. TI Testing the effect of habitat structure and complexity on nekton assemblages using experimental oyster reefs SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Complexity; Crassostrea virginica; Habitat; Nekton; Oyster reef; Structure ID JUVENILE RED DRUM; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; GALVESTON BAY; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; ADJACENT HABITATS; FISH PRODUCTION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; RELATIVE VALUE; SALT-MARSHES; PREDATION AB Structurally complex habitats are often associated with more diverse and abundant species assemblages in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Biogenic reefs formed by the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) are complex in nature and are recognized for their potential habitat value in estuarine systems along the US Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts. Few studies, however, have examined the response of nekton to structural complexity within oyster reefs. We used a quantitative sampling technique to examine how the presence and complexity of experimental oyster reefs influence the abundance, biomass, and distribution of nekton by sampling reefs 4 months and 16 months post-construction. Experimental oyster reefs were colonized immediately by resident fishes and decapod crustaceans, and reefs supported a distinct nekton assemblage compared to mud-bottom habitat. Neither increased reef complexity, nor age of the experimental reef resulted in further changes in nekton assemblages or increases in nekton abundance or diversity. The presence of oyster reefs per se was the most important factor determining nekton usage. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Humphries, Austin T.; La Peyre, Megan K.; Kimball, Matthew E.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Humphries, Austin T.] Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, Coastal Res Grp, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Kimball, Matthew E.] Univ N Florida, GTM Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Ponte Vedra Beach, FL 32082 USA. [Rozas, Lawrence P.] NOAA NMFS SEFSC, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Humphries, AT (reprint author), POB 99470-80107, Mombasa, Kenya. EM austin.humphries@gmail.com FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries FX We thank the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries for financial support. P. Yakupzack, C. Duplechain, G. Decossas, S. Miller, A. Catalenello, S. Beck, T. Mace, L. Broussard, S. Hein, P. Banks, H. Finley, and B. Eberline provided logistical, field, and laboratory assistance. Thanks to M. Voisin and Motivatit Oysters for providing oyster shell. We also thank A. Chester and G. Stunz for making comments that greatly improved earlier versions of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions presented in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NOAA Fisheries Service. [SS] NR 65 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD DEC 1 PY 2011 VL 409 IS 1-2 BP 172 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2011.08.017 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 866EK UT WOS:000298363100021 ER PT J AU Criales, MM Zink, IC Browder, JA Jackson, TL AF Criales, Maria M. Zink, Ian C. Browder, Joan A. Jackson, Thomas L. TI The effect of acclimation salinity and age on the salinity tolerance of pink shrimp postlarvae SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Euryplasticity; Farfantepenaeus duorarumc; Ontogenetic development; Survival ID CROSS-SHELF TRANSPORT; FARFANTEPENAEUS-DUORARUM; LITOPENAEUS-VANNAMEI; PENAEUS-VANNAMEI; ACUTE TOXICITY; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; WHITELEG SHRIMP; GRAPSID CRAB; FLORIDA BAY; GROWTH AB The pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus duorarum (Burkenroad) lives in south Florida ecosystems in different salinity regimes ranging from brackish to hypersaline. In Florida Bay. the main nursery grounds, juveniles reside in 25-50 salinity; while 20 km northwest of the Bay, juveniles inhabit more estuarine salinities between 5 and 15. In this study we investigated the hypothesis that the disparate salinity regimes in which pink shrimp juveniles reside may be due to a non-genetic resistance adaptation to different acclimation salinities in their respective nursery habitats during postlarval development when the maximum tolerance to salinity occurs. To test this hypothesis and to define salinity tolerances during ontogenetic development, salinity trials were conducted with four postlarval ages (PL 15, PL 25, PL 35 and PL 55) previously acclimated in two salinities (15 and 35) and then exposed to an abrupt salinity change for 96 h at 27.5 +/- 0.5 degrees C. Results indicated that the degree of tolerance to salinity varies with ontogenetic development. Regardless of acclimation salinity, two clearly distinguishable salinity tolerance ages were discernable. Postlarvae of age PL 35 and PL 55 exhibited significantly higher average survival than at an age of PL 15 and PL 25. This result suggests that postlarvae between 25 and 35 d old may complete development of osmoregulatory capabilities to cope with abrupt changes in salinity, which concurs with the age at which planktonic postlarvae settle on the sea-grass banks of Florida Bay. Results regarding salinity tolerances in the two acclimation salinity groups demonstrated that postlarvae acclimated in a salinity of 15 tolerated salinities 20 units lower than those acclimated in regular 35 sea water salinity. The high survival of postlarvae recorded at salinities between 2 and 15 after a long acclimation period at a salinity of 15 suggested that non-genetic resistance adaptation (acclimation) had taken place during development, supporting our hypothesis that a preconditioning salinity during postlarval development may modify the subsequent tolerance limits of juvenile stages. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Criales, Maria M.; Zink, Ian C.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Browder, Joan A.; Jackson, Thomas L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Criales, MM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM mcriales@rsmas.miami.edu FU NOAA's South Florida through the Cooperative Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) at the University of Miami and Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center; NOAA Fisheries through the Cooperative Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) at the University of Miami and Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Jacksonville District through the Cooperative Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) at the University of Miami and Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center FX Thanks to Michael B. Robblee, Matthew Ogburn, and Joseph Serafy for valuable discussions and advice during the development of this research; to Hernando Cardenas, Eric Buck, Ana Griefen, and Anthony Mencio for their assistance with the experiments, to Peter Van Wyk for providing postlarvae and advice; to Zeigler Bros, Inc., for providing food for the experiments, to the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) University of Miami physical plant personnel for unconditional support, and to the NOAA's South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Program, the Habitat Program at NOAA Fisheries, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Jacksonville District, acting for the RECOVER group of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Program, for funding this project through the Cooperative Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) at the University of Miami and Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center. [SS] NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD DEC 1 PY 2011 VL 409 IS 1-2 BP 283 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2011.09.007 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 866EK UT WOS:000298363100037 ER PT J AU Bilitza, D McKinnell, LA Reinisch, B Fuller-Rowell, T AF Bilitza, Dieter McKinnell, Lee-Anne Reinisch, Bodo Fuller-Rowell, Tim TI The international reference ionosphere today and in the future SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY LA English DT Review DE Ionosphere; IRI; Empirical model; F2 peak models; Topside ID ELECTRON-DENSITY PROFILES; AURORAL OVAL BOUNDARIES; EMPIRICAL-MODEL; IONOSONDE MEASUREMENTS; TOPSIDE IONOSPHERE; RADIO OCCULTATION; SCALE HEIGHT; IRI MODEL; IONOGRAMS; SPECIFICATION AB The international reference ionosphere (IRI) is the internationally recognized and recommended standard for the specification of plasma parameters in Earth's ionosphere. It describes monthly averages of electron density, electron temperature, ion temperature, ion composition, and several additional parameters in the altitude range from 60 to 1,500 km. A joint working group of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) and the International Union of Radio Science (URSI) is in charge of developing and improving the IRI model. As requested by COSPAR and URSI, IRI is an empirical model being based on most of the available and reliable data sources for the ionospheric plasma. The paper describes the latest version of the model and reviews efforts towards future improvements, including the development of new global models for the F2 peak density and height, and a new approach to describe the electron density in the topside and plasmasphere. Our emphasis will be on the electron density because it is the IRI parameter most relevant to geodetic techniques and studies. Annual IRI meetings are the main venue for the discussion of IRI activities, future improvements, and additions to the model. A new special IRI task force activity is focusing on the development of a real-time IRI (RT-IRI) by combining data assimilation techniques with the IRI model. A first RT-IRI task force meeting was held in 2009 in Colorado Springs. We will review the outcome of this meeting and the plans for the future. The IRI homepage is at http://www.IRI.gsfc.nasa.gov. C1 [Bilitza, Dieter] George Mason Univ, Space Weather Lab, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Bilitza, Dieter] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliospher Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [McKinnell, Lee-Anne] Hermanus Magnet Observ, ZA-7200 Hermanus, South Africa. [Reinisch, Bodo] Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Atmospher Res, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Fuller-Rowell, Tim] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fuller-Rowell, Tim] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bilitza, D (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Space Weather Lab, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM dbilitza@gmu.edu; lmckinnell@hmo.ac.za; Bodo_Reinisch@uml.edu; Tim.Fuller-Rowell@noaa.gov FU NSF [ATM-0819440]; NASA [NNX09AJ74G, NNX07-AG38G, NNX07AO65G] FX We acknowledge the contributions of IRI Working Group members to the IRI effort and the many users of the model who have provided valuable feedback. This work was supported through NSF grant ATM-0819440 and NASA Grants NNX09AJ74G, NNX07-AG38G, and NNX07AO65G. NR 80 TC 130 Z9 133 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-7714 EI 1432-1394 J9 J GEODESY JI J. Geodesy PD DEC PY 2011 VL 85 IS 12 SI SI BP 909 EP 920 DI 10.1007/s00190-010-0427-x PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA 869HB UT WOS:000298587700003 ER PT J AU Livneh, B Restrepo, PJ Leitenmaier, DP AF Livneh, Ben Restrepo, Pedro J. Leitenmaier, Dennis P. TI Development of a Unified Land Model for Prediction of Surface Hydrology and Land-Atmosphere Interactions SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SOIL-MOISTURE; SACRAMENTO MODEL; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PARAMETER TRANSFERABILITY; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; BOREAL FOREST; WATER-BALANCE; UNITED-STATES AB A unified land model (ULM) is described that combines the surface flux parameterizations in the Noah land surface model (used in most of NOAA's coupled weather and climate models) with the Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting model (Sac; used for hydrologic prediction within the National Weather Service). The motivation was to develop a model that has a history of strong hydrologic performance while having the ability to be run in the coupled land atmosphere environment. ULM takes the vegetation, snow model, frozen soil, and evapotranspiration schemes from Noah and merges them with the soil moisture accounting scheme from Sac. ULM surface fluxes, soil moisture, and streamflow simulations were evaluated through comparisons with observations from the Ameriflux (surface flux), Illinois Climate Network (soil moisture), and Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX; streamflow) datasets. Initially, a priori parameters from Sac and Noah were used, which resulted in ULM surface flux simulations that were comparable to those produced by Noah (Sac does not predict surface energy fluxes). ULM with the a priori parameters had streamflow simulation skill that was generally similar to Sac's, although it was slightly better (worse) for wetter (more arid) basins. ULM model performance using a set of parameters identified via a Monte Carlo search procedure lead to substantial improvements relative to the a priori parameters. A scheme for transfer of parameters from streamflow simulations to nearby flux and soil moisture measurement points was also evaluated; this approach did not yield conclusive improvements relative to the a priori parameters. C1 [Livneh, Ben; Leitenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Restrepo, Pedro J.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Livneh, B (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM blivneh@hydro.washington.edu RI Livneh, Ben/I-2939-2015; OI LIVNEH, BEN/0000-0001-5445-2473 FU NOAA [NA070AR4310210] FX The authors are grateful to the numerous ICN and Ameriflux investigators who made data available for this research from the across the state of Illinois, Howland Forest, Brookings, Niwot Ridge, and Blodgett Forest Ameriflux sites. Additionally, the descriptions and assistance by Victor Koren were greatly appreciated. The work on which this paper is based was supported by NOAA Grant NA070AR4310210 to the University of Washington. NR 71 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1299 EP 1320 DI 10.1175/2011JHM1361.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864CU UT WOS:000298215400009 ER PT J AU Neiman, PJ Schick, LJ Ralph, FM Hughes, M Wick, GA AF Neiman, Paul J. Schick, Lawrence J. Ralph, F. Martin Hughes, Mimi Wick, Gary A. TI Flooding in Western Washington: The Connection to Atmospheric Rivers SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN REGIONAL REANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; WATER-VAPOR; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; TROPICAL MOISTURE; PRECIPITATION; CLIMATOLOGY; CALIFORNIA; MOUNTAINS; SATELLITE AB This study utilizes multiple decades of daily streamflow data gathered in four major watersheds in western Washington to determine the meteorological conditions most likely to cause flooding in those watersheds. Two are located in the Olympic Mountains and the other two in the western Cascades; and each has uniquely different topographic characteristics. The flood analysis is based on the maximum daily flow observed during each water year (WY) at each site [i.e., the annual peak daily flow (APDF)], with an initial emphasis on the 12 most recent water years between WY1998 and 2009, and then focusing on a 30-year interval between WY 1980 and 2009. The shorter time period coincides with relatively complete passive microwave satellite coverage of integrated water vapor (IWV) over the Pacific basin. The combination of IWV imagery and streamflow data highlights a close link between landfalling atmospheric rivers (ARs) and APDFs (i.e., 46 of the 48 APDFs occurred with landfalling ARs). To complement this approach, the three-decade time series of APDFs, which correspond to the availability of the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) dataset, are examined. The APDFs occur most often, and are typically largest in magnitude, from November to January. The NARR is used to assess the composite meteorological conditions associated with the 10 largest APDFs at each site during this 30-year period. Heavy precipitation fell during the top 10 APDFs, and anomalously high composite NARR melting levels averaged similar to 1.9 km MSL, which is primarily above the four basins of interest. Hence, on average, mostly rain rather than snow fell within these basins, leading to enhanced runoff. The flooding on the four watersheds shared common meteorological attributes, including the presence of landfalling ARs with anomalous warmth, strong low-level water vapor fluxes, and weak static stability. There were also key differences that modulated the orographic control of precipitation. Notably, two watersheds experienced their top 10 APDFs when the low-level flow was southwesterly, while the other two basins had their largest APDFs with west southwesterly flow. These differences arose because of the region's complex topography, basin orientations, and related rain shadowing. C1 [Neiman, Paul J.; Ralph, F. Martin] NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schick, Lawrence J.] US Army Corps Engn, Seattle, WA USA. [Hughes, Mimi] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Neiman, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Paul.J.Neiman@noaa.gov RI Hughes, Mimi/C-3710-2009 OI Hughes, Mimi/0000-0002-4554-9289 NR 41 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 5 U2 38 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1337 EP 1358 DI 10.1175/2011JHM1358.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864CU UT WOS:000298215400011 ER PT J AU Wehner, M Easterling, DR Lawrimore, JH Heim, RR Vose, RS Santer, BD AF Wehner, Michael Easterling, David R. Lawrimore, Jay H. Heim, Richard R., Jr. Vose, Russell S. Santer, Benjamin D. TI Projections of Future Drought in the Continental United States and Mexico SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR-TEMPERATURE; SEVERITY INDEX; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PRECIPITATION; INTERPOLATION; ASSUMPTIONS; MODELS AB Using the Palmer drought severity index, the ability of 19 state-of-the-art climate models to reproduce observed statistics of drought over North America is examined. It is found that correction of substantial biases in the models' surface air temperature and precipitation fields is necessary. However, even after a bias correction, there are significant differences in the models' ability to reproduce observations. Using metrics based on the ability to reproduce observed temporal and spatial patterns of drought, the relationship between model performance in simulating present-day drought characteristics and their differences in projections of future drought changes is investigated. It is found that all models project increases in future drought frequency and severity. However, using the metrics presented here to increase confidence in the multimodel projection is complicated by a correlation between models' drought metric skill and climate sensitivity. The effect of this sampling error can be removed by changing how the projection is presented, from a projection based on a specific time interval to a projection based on a specified temperature change. This modified class of projections has reduced intermodel uncertainty and could be suitable for a wide range of climate change impacts projections. C1 [Wehner, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Easterling, David R.; Lawrimore, Jay H.; Heim, Richard R., Jr.; Vose, Russell S.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Santer, Benjamin D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA. RP Wehner, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS50F, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mfwehner@lbl.gov RI Langholtz, Matthew/B-9416-2012; Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011 OI Langholtz, Matthew/0000-0002-8153-7154; FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) [DE-AC03-76SF00098 (LBNL)]; DOE; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Sciences [DE-AI02-96ER62276]; NOAA/Climate Program Office; Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) under Contract DE-AC03-76SF00098 (LBNL) and with support from the DOE Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program. Support for the National Climatic Data Center was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Sciences under Interagency Agreement DE-AI02-96ER62276, and the NOAA/Climate Program Office. We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI), and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 24 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 31 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1359 EP 1377 DI 10.1175/2011JHM1351.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864CU UT WOS:000298215400012 ER PT J AU Kitzmiller, D Van Cooten, S Ding, F Howard, K Langston, C Zhang, J Moser, H Zhang, Y Gourley, JJ Kim, D Riley, D AF Kitzmiller, David Van Cooten, Suzanne Ding, Feng Howard, Kenneth Langston, Carrie Zhang, Jian Moser, Heather Zhang, Yu Gourley, Jonathan J. Kim, Dongsoo Riley, David TI Evolving Multisensor Precipitation Estimation Methods: Their Impacts on Flow Prediction Using a Distributed Hydrologic Model SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME ESTIMATION; RADAR RAINFALL; IDENTIFICATION; WSR-88D AB This study investigates evolving methodologies for radar and merged gauge radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) to determine their influence on the flow predictions of a distributed hydrologic model. These methods include the National Mosaic and QPE algorithm package (NMQ), under development at the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL), and the Multisensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE) and High-Resolution Precipitation Estimator (HPE) suites currently operational at National Weather Service (NWS) field offices. The goal of the study is to determine which combination of algorithm features offers the greatest benefit toward operational hydrologic forecasting. These features include automated radar quality control, automated Z-R selection, brightband identification, bias correction, multiple radar data compositing, and gauge radar merging, which all differ between NMQ and MPE HPE. To examine the spatial and temporal characteristics of the precipitation fields produced by each of the QPE methodologies, high-resolution (4 km and hourly) gridded precipitation estimates were derived by each algorithm suite for three major precipitation events between 2003 and 2006 over subcatchments within the Tar-Pamlico River basin of North Carolina. The results indicate that the NMQ radar-only algorithm suite consistently yielded closer agreement with reference rain gauge reports than the corresponding HPE radar-only estimates did. Similarly, the NMQ radar-only QPE input generally yielded hydrologic simulations that were closer to observations at multiple stream gauging points. These findings indicate that the combination of Z-R selection and freezing-level identification algorithms within NMQ, but not incorporated within MPE and HPE, would have an appreciable positive impact on hydrologic simulations. There were relatively small differences between NMQ and HPE gauge radar estimates in terms of accuracy and impacts on hydrologic simulations, most likely due to the large influence of the input rain gauge information. C1 [Kitzmiller, David; Ding, Feng; Zhang, Yu; Riley, David] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Van Cooten, Suzanne; Zhang, Jian; Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Langston, Carrie; Moser, Heather] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. [Kim, Dongsoo] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Kitzmiller, D (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, 1325 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM david.kitzmiller@noaa.gov RI Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1414 EP 1431 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-10-05038.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864CU UT WOS:000298215400015 ER PT J AU Joyce, RJ Xie, PP AF Joyce, Robert J. Xie, Pingping TI Kalman Filter-Based CMORPH SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE MICROWAVE SENSORS; MEASURING MISSION TRMM; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; PRODUCTS; RESOLUTION; DATASET; LAND AB A Kalman filter (KF)-based Climate Prediction Center (CPC) morphing technique (CMORPH) algorithm is developed to integrate the passive microwave (PMW) precipitation estimates from low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites and infrared (IR) observations from geostationary (GEO) platforms. With the new algorithm, the precipitation analysis at a grid box of 8 x 8 km(2) is defined in three steps. First, PMW estimates of instantaneous rain rates closest to the target analysis time in both the forward and backward directions are propagated from their observation times to the analysis time using the cloud system advection vectors (CSAVs) computed from the GEO-IR images. The "prediction" of the precipitation analysis is then defined by averaging the forward- and backward-propagated PMW estimates with weights inversely proportional to their error variance. The IR-based precipitation estimates are incorporated if the gap between the two PMW observations is longer than 90 min. Validation tests showed substantial improvements of the KF-based CMORPH against the original version in both the pattern correlation and fidelity of probability density function (PDF) of the precipitation intensity. In general, performance of the original CMORPH degrades sharply with poor pattern correlation and substantially elevated (damped) frequency for light (heavy) precipitation events when PMW precipitation estimates are available from fewer LEO satellites. The KF-based CMORPH is capable of producing high-resolution precipitation analysis with much more stable performance with various levels of availability for the PMW observations. C1 [Joyce, Robert J.; Xie, Pingping] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Joyce, Robert J.] Wyle Inc, Mclean, VA USA. RP Xie, PP (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Suite 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Pingping.Xie@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Climate Prediction Center (CPC); NOAA/Climate Program Office (CPO); NOAA/National Climatic Data Center (NCDC); NOAA/USWRP Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT); NOAA FX The authors thank S.-H. Yoo and Y. Yarosh for their technical support to part of the study described in this paper. They are grateful to M. Sapiano who kindly provided the SSM/I-based level 2 data used in the synthetic experiments for July-August 2009. Comments from P. A. Arkin, J. Janowiak, R. Ferraro, G. Huffman, W. Shi, M. Chen, and anonymous reviewers were invaluable for improvements to the manuscript. This work is supported by NOAA/Climate Prediction Center (CPC), NOAA/Climate Program Office (CPO), NOAA/National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), and NOAA/USWRP Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) as part of NOAA's contribution to the NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission (PMM) and GEWEX Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP). NR 39 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1547 EP 1563 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-11-022.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864CU UT WOS:000298215400023 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, DP Hanshaw, MN Schmidt, KM Laber, JL Staley, DM Kean, JW Restrepo, PJ AF Jorgensen, David P. Hanshaw, Maiana N. Schmidt, Kevin M. Laber, Jayme L. Staley, Dennis M. Kean, Jason W. Restrepo, Pedro J. TI Value of a Dual-Polarized Gap-Filling Radar in Support of Southern California Post-Fire Debris-Flow Warnings SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL RATE ESTIMATION; BAND POLARIMETRIC RADAR; RECENTLY BURNED AREAS; C-BAND; DIFFERENTIAL REFLECTIVITY; ATTENUATION; PRECIPITATION; ALGORITHM; WSR-88D; PROTOTYPE AB A portable truck-mounted C-band Doppler weather radar was deployed to observe rainfall over the Station Fire burn area near Los Angeles, California, during the winter of 2009/10 to assist with debris-flow warning decisions. The deployments were a component of a joint NOAA-U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) research effort to improve definition of the rainfall conditions that trigger debris flows from steep topography within recent wildfire burn areas. A procedure was implemented to blend various dual-polarized estimators of precipitation (for radar observations taken below the freezing level) using threshold values for differential reflectivity and specific differential phase shift that improves the accuracy of the rainfall estimates over a specific burn area sited with terrestrial tipping-bucket rain gauges. The portable radar outperformed local Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) National Weather Service network radars in detecting rainfall capable of initiating post-fire runoff-generated debris flows. The network radars underestimated hourly precipitation totals by about 50%. Consistent with intensity duration threshold curves determined from past debris-flow events in burned areas in Southern California, the portable radar-derived rainfall rates exceeded the empirical thresholds over a wider range of storm durations with a higher spatial resolution than local National Weather Service operational radars. Moreover, the truck-mounted C-band radar dual-polarimetric-derived estimates of rainfall intensity provided a better guide to the expected severity of debris-flow events, based on criteria derived from previous events using rain gauge data, than traditional radar-derived rainfall approaches using reflectivity rainfall relationships for either the portable or operational network WSR-88D radars. Part of the reason for the improvement was due to siting the radar closer to the burn zone than the WSR-88Ds, but use of the dual-polarimetric variables improved the rainfall estimation by similar to 12% over the use of traditional Z-R relationships. C1 [Jorgensen, David P.] NOAA, NSSL, WRDD, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hanshaw, Maiana N.; Schmidt, Kevin M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Laber, Jayme L.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Oxnard, CA USA. [Staley, Dennis M.; Kean, Jason W.] US Geol Survey, Cent Reg Geol Hazards Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Restrepo, Pedro J.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Jorgensen, DP (reprint author), NOAA, NSSL, WRDD, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM david.p.jorgensen@noaa.gov OI Kean, Jason/0000-0003-3089-0369 FU Office of Hydrologic Development of the NWS FX We thank Mr. Denis Carvill, Director of Contracts & Properties for the Burbank airport (Bob Hope International), for his assistance in sighting the CPOL radar at the airport and Ms. Dessa Emch of the NWS Oxnard Forecast Office with assistance in getting FAA approval for CPOL operations on the airport property. CPOL deployment was funded by the Office of Hydrologic Development of the NWS. We also thank Mr. Gordon Carrie of the University of Oklahoma/CIMMS for his assistance in providing real-time transmission of the radar data and the creation of displays of the CPOL data web, which were used by the NWS forecast office in Oxnard, California, for debris-flow warning decisions. Ms. Carrie Langston constructed the hybrid scan tables. We are grateful to Dr. Terri Hogue (UCLA) and Dr. Peter Wohlgemuth (USFS) for deploying additional rain gauges and providing their data for this study. Finally, we thank Dr. Rob Cifelli, Dr. J.J. Gourley, and Steve Vasiloff for constructive comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1581 EP 1595 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-11-05.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864CU UT WOS:000298215400025 ER PT J AU Babushok, VI Linstrom, PJ Zenkevich, IG AF Babushok, V. I. Linstrom, P. J. Zenkevich, I. G. TI Retention Indices for Frequently Reported Compounds of Plant Essential Oils SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE essential oils; gas chromatography; Kovats indices; linear indices; retention indices; identification; flavor; olfaction ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BOILING-POINT CORRELATIONS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; VAPOR-PRESSURES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; ENANTIOMERIC DISTRIBUTION; VAPORIZATION ENTHALPIES; JUNIPERUS-FOETIDISSIMA AB Gas chromatographic retention indices were evaluated for 505 frequently reported plant essential oil components using a large retention index database. Retention data are presented for three types of commonly used stationary phases: dimethyl silicone (nonpolar), dimethyl silicone with 5% phenyl groups (slightly polar), and polyethylene glycol (polar) stationary phases. The evaluations are based on the treatment of multiple measurements with the number of data records ranging from about 5 to 800 per compound. Data analysis was limited to temperature programmed conditions. The data reported include the average and median values of retention index with standard deviations and confidence intervals. (C) 2011 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [doi: 10.1063/1.3653552] C1 [Babushok, V. I.; Linstrom, P. J.; Zenkevich, I. G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Babushok, VI (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vbabushok@nist.gov RI Zenkevich, Igor/N-1088-2013; OI Linstrom, Peter/0000-0003-3204-3454 NR 97 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD DEC PY 2011 VL 40 IS 4 AR 043101 DI 10.1063/1.3653552 PG 47 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 870AL UT WOS:000298641400001 ER PT J AU Wagner, W Riethmann, T Feistel, R Harvey, AH AF Wagner, Wolfgang Riethmann, Thomas Feistel, Rainer Harvey, Allan H. TI New Equations for the Sublimation Pressure and Melting Pressure of H2O Ice Ih SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE ice Ih; ice III; ice V; ice VI; ice VII; melting-pressure equation; sublimation-pressure equation; water ID ORDINARY WATER SUBSTANCE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; VAPOR-PRESSURE; OF-STATE; TEMPERATURES; LINE; MPA AB New reference equations, adopted by the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS), are presented for the sublimation pressure and melting pressure of ice Ih as a function of temperature. These equations are based on input values derived from the phase-equilibrium condition between the IAPWS-95 scientific standard for thermodynamic properties of fluid H2O and the equation of state of H2O ice Ih adopted by IAPWS in 2006, making them thermodynamically consistent with the bulk-phase properties. Compared to the previous IAPWS formulations, which were empirical fits to experimental data, the new equations have significantly less uncertainty. The sublimation-pressure equation covers the temperature range from 50K to the vapor-liquid-solid triple point at 273.16K. The ice Ih melting-pressure equation describes the entire melting curve from 273.16K to the ice Ih-ice III-liquid triple point at 251.165 K. For completeness, we also give the IAPWS melting-pressure equation for ice III, which is slightly adjusted to agree with the ice Ih melting-pressure equation at the corresponding triple point, and the unchanged IAPWS melting-pressure equations for ice V, ice VI, and ice VII. [doi: 10.1063/1.3657937] C1 [Wagner, Wolfgang; Riethmann, Thomas] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Thermodynam, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Feistel, Rainer] Leibniz Inst Ostseeforsch, D-18119 Warnemunde, Germany. [Harvey, Allan H.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wagner, W (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Thermodynam, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. EM Wagner@thermo.rub.de NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD DEC PY 2011 VL 40 IS 4 AR 043103 DI 10.1063/1.3657937 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 870AL UT WOS:000298641400003 ER PT J AU Zhou, Y Wu, JT Lemmon, EW AF Zhou, Yong Wu, Jiangtao Lemmon, Eric W. TI Thermodynamic Properties of Dimethyl Carbonate SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE dimethyl carbonate; equation of state; thermodynamic properties ID VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; MOLAR HEAT-CAPACITIES; METHANOL PLUS ETHANOL; DIETHYL CARBONATE; BINARY-SYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; REFRACTIVE-INDEXES; DIALKYL CARBONATES; SURFACE-TENSION; DELTA-EPSILON AB A thermodynamic property formulation for dimethyl carbonate has been developed with the use of available experimental thermodynamic property data. The equation of state was developed with multiproperty fitting methods involving pressure-density-temperature ((p rho)T), heat capacity, vapor pressure, and saturated-liquid density data. The equation of state conforms to the Maxwell criterion for two-phase liquid-vapor equilibrium states, and is valid for temperatures from the triple-point temperature (277.06 +/- 0.63) K to 600 K, for pressures up to 60 MPa, and for densities up to 12.12 mol dm(-3). The extrapolation behavior of the equation of state at low and high temperatures and pressures is reasonable. The uncertainties (k = 2, indicating a 95% confidence level) of the equation of state in density are 0.05% for saturated-liquid states below 350 K, rising to 0.1% in the single phase between 278 K and 400 K at pressures up to 60 MPa. Due to the lack of reliable data outside this region, the estimated uncertainties increase to 0.5% to 1% in the vapor and critical regions. The uncertainties in vapor pressure are 0.6% from 310 K to 400 K, and increase to 1% at higher temperatures and to 2% at lower temperatures due to a lack of experimental data. The uncertainty in isobaric heat capacity and speed of sound in the liquid phase at saturation or atmospheric pressure is 0.5% from 280 K to 335 K. The uncertainties are higher for all properties in the critical region. Detailed comparisons between experimental and calculated data, and an analysis of the equation, have been performed. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3664084] C1 [Zhou, Yong; Wu, Jiangtao] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, MOE Key Lab Thermofluid Sci & Engn, Xian 710049, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Lemmon, Eric W.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wu, JT (reprint author), Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, MOE Key Lab Thermofluid Sci & Engn, Xian 710049, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM jtwu@mail.xjtu.edu.cn FU Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation [200540]; Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation [111060] FX We thank Mostafa Salehi from NIST for his assistance in the literature search. Yong Zhou and Jiangtao Wu acknowledge support from the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation (Grant 200540) and Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation (Project Number 111060). NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD DEC PY 2011 VL 40 IS 4 AR 043106 DI 10.1063/1.3664084 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 870AL UT WOS:000298641400006 ER PT J AU Bonnin, GM Maitaria, K Yekta, M AF Bonnin, Geoffrey M. Maitaria, Kazungu Yekta, Michael TI Trends in Rainfall Exceedances in the Observed Record in Selected Areas of the United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE precipitation; climate variability; change; statistics; time series analysis; rainfall frequency; rainfall intensity; stationarity ID PRECIPITATION AB Semantic difference s have led to a gap in the understanding of the impacts of climate change on precipitation frequency estimates. There is popular perception that heavy rainfalls have become more frequent, and that this trend will increase with global warming. Most of the literature examines this question from the point of view of climatology using definitions of "heavy,'' "very heavy,'' or "extreme'' rainfall, which are different from those commonly used by civil engineers. This article identifies the differences in meaning used by the climate and civil engineering communities and examines trends in the observed record in the frequency of exceedances ( not trends in magnitudes). Using concepts recognized as the basis for design of the Nation's civil infrastructure, we look at trends in the number of exceedances of thresholds for a variety of precipitation frequencies and event durations used by civil engineers. We found that the estimated trends in exceedances at one-day and multiday durations were statistically significant and increasing for the Ohio River Basin and surrounding states but the reverse was true for the Semiarid Southwest (i.e., not significant and decreasing trends). In addition, we found the magnitude of the trends was small for all but the more frequent events and also small with respect to the uncertainty associated with the precipitation frequency estimates themselves. C1 [Bonnin, Geoffrey M.] Natl Weather Serv, Hydrol Sci & Modeling Branch, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm,W OHD, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Maitaria, Kazungu] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Bonnin, GM (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Hydrol Sci & Modeling Branch, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm,W OHD, 1325 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM geoffrey.bonnin@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1173 EP 1182 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00603.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 859BV UT WOS:000297850000001 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Arhonditsis, GB Stow, CA Scavia, D AF Liu, Yong Arhonditsis, George B. Stow, Craig A. Scavia, Donald TI Predicting the Hypoxic-Volume in Chesapeake Bay with the Streeter-Phelps Model: A Bayesian Approach SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE hypoxia; Chesapeake Bay; Bayesian inference; Markov chain Monte Carlo; Streeter-Phelps model; uncertainty analysis; eutrophication ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; HIERARCHICAL MODEL; DECISION-MAKING; CURRENT STATE; EUTROPHICATION; CALIBRATION; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK; INFERENCE AB Hypoxia is a long-standing threat to the integrity of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem. In this study, we introduce a Bayesian framework that aims to guide the parameter estimation of a Streeter-Phelps model when only hypoxic volume data are available. We present a modeling exercise that addresses a hypothetical scenario under which the only data available are hypoxic volume estimates. To address the identification problem of the model, we formulated informative priors based on available literature information and previous knowledge from the system. Our analysis shows that the use of hypoxic volume data results in reasonable predictive uncertainty, although the variances of the marginal posterior parameter distributions are usually greater than those obtained from fitting the model to dissolved oxygen (DO) profiles. Numerical experiments of joint parameter estimation were also used to facilitate the selection of more parsimonious models that effectively balance between complexity and performance. Parameters with relatively stable posterior means over time and narrow uncertainty bounds were considered as temporally constant, while those with time varying posterior patterns were used to accommodate the interannual variability by assigning year-specific values. Finally, our study offers prescriptive guidelines on how this model can be used to address the hypoxia forecasting in the Chesapeake Bay area. C1 [Liu, Yong] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Key Lab Water & Sediment Sci, Minist Educ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Arhonditsis, George B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Scavia, Donald] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Key Lab Water & Sediment Sci, Minist Educ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM yongliu@pku.edu.cn RI Liu, Yong/B-1826-2008; Arhonditsis, George/C-6980-2009; OI Liu, Yong/0000-0001-8181-1080; Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855; Scavia, Donald/0000-0002-2784-8269; Arhonditsis, George/0000-0001-5359-8737 FU NA05NOS4781204 from NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research [NA05NOS4781204]; Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars; China National Water Pollution Control Program [2008ZX07102-001]; SEM FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the comments from two anonymous reviewers and Dr. James D. Hagy III for use of the data amassed in his dissertation. This work is contribution number 116 of the Coastal Hypoxia Research Program and was supported in part by grant NA05NOS4781204 from NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research, and in part by Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, SEM and China National Water Pollution Control Program (2008ZX07102-001). This is GLERL contribution number 1591. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1348 EP 1363 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00588.x PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 859BV UT WOS:000297850000015 ER PT J AU Jiang, ZH Zhang, Q Zhu, HR Wu, LG AF Jiang Zhi-hong Zhang Qin Zhu Hong-rui Wu Li-guang TI FORECASTING THE MJO INDEX BASED ON SSA-AR SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Madden-Julian Oscillation; singular spectrum analysis; autoregressive model ID OSCILLATION; PREDICTION; TROPICS AB Experiments of forecasting daily bi-variate index of the tropical atmospheric Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) are performed in the context of adaptive filtering prediction models by combining the singular spectrum analysis (SSA) with the autoregressive (AR) methods. the MJO index, a pair of empirical orthogonal function (EOF) time series, called RMM1 and RMM2, predicts by the combined statistical SSA and AR models: firstly, according to the index of historic observation decomposed by SSA and then reconstructed by selecting the first several components based on prominent variance contributions; after that, established an AR prediction model from the composite (scheme A) or built the forecast models for each of these selected reconstructed components, separately (Scheme B). Several experimental MJO index forecasts are performed based on the models. The results show that both models have useful skills of the MJO index forecast beyond two weeks. In some cases, the correlation coefficient between the observed and predicted index series stays above 0.5 in 20 leading days. The SSA-AR model, based on the reconstructed composite series, has better performance on MJO forecast than the AR model, especially for the leading time longer than 5 days. Therefore, if we build a real-time forecast system by the SSA-AR model, it might provide an applicable tool for the operational prediction of the MJO index. C1 [Jiang Zhi-hong; Zhang Qin; Zhu Hong-rui; Wu Li-guang] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang Qin] CPC NOAA, Wyle Informat Syst, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Jiang, ZH (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM zhjiang@nuist.edu.cn FU National Key Technologies R D Program [2009BAC51B01]; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD); Natural Science Foundation of China [40875058] FX National Key Technologies R & D Program (2009BAC51B01); Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD); Natural Science Foundation of China (40875058) NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGICAL PRESS PI GUANGZHOU PA 6 FU JIN RD, GUANGZHOU, 510080, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1006-8775 J9 J TROP METEOROL JI J. Trop. Meteorol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 17 IS 4 BP 317 EP 325 DI 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8775.2011.04.001 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 863LI UT WOS:000298165100001 ER PT J AU Dyble, J Gossiaux, D Landrum, P Kashian, DR Pothoven, S AF Dyble, Julianne Gossiaux, Duane Landrum, Peter Kashian, Donna R. Pothoven, Steven TI A Kinetic Study of Accumulation and Elimination of Microcystin-LR in Yellow Perch (Perca Flavescens) Tissue and Implications for Human Fish Consumption SO MARINE DRUGS LA English DT Article DE microcystin; accumulation; kinetics; yellow perch; Microcystis; Great Lakes; fish consumption ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BLUE-GREEN-ALGA; PHYTOPLANKTIVOROUS SILVER CARP; LOWER GREAT-LAKES; INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION; HEPATOTOXIN MICROCYSTIN; CYANOBACTERIAL TOXINS; FOODWEB TRANSFER; ATLANTIC SALMON; CYPRINUS-CARPIO AB Fish consumption is a potential route of human exposure to the hepatotoxic microcystins, especially in lakes and reservoirs that routinely experience significant toxic Microcystis blooms. Understanding the rates of uptake and elimination for microcystins as well as the transfer efficiency into tissues of consumers are important for determining the potential for microcystins to be transferred up the food web and for predicting potential human health impacts. The main objective of this work was to conduct laboratory experiments to investigate the kinetics of toxin accumulation in fish tissue. An oral route of exposure was employed in this study, in which juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were given a single oral dose of 5 or 20 mu g of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) via food and accumulation in the muscle, liver, and tank water were measured over 24 h. Peak concentrations of the water soluble fraction of microcystin were generally observed 8-10 h after dosing in the liver and after 12-16 h in the muscle, with a rapid decline in both tissues by 24 h. Up to 99% of the total recoverable (i.e., unbound) microcystin was measured in the tank water by 16 h after exposure. The relatively rapid uptake and elimination of the unbound fraction of microcystin in the liver and muscle of juvenile yellow perch within 24 h of exposure indicates that fish consumption may not be a major route of human exposure to microcystin, particularly in the Great Lakes. C1 [Dyble, Julianne; Gossiaux, Duane; Landrum, Peter] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Kashian, Donna R.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Pothoven, Steven] NOAA, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. RP Dyble, J (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM juli.dyble@noaa.gov; duane.gossiaux@noaa.gov; plandrumprof@charter.net; donna.kashian@wayne.edu; steve.pothoven@noaa.gov OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 FU NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative FX The authors thank Ashley DeHudy for help with the experiments and Alan Wilson for helpful discussions. This work has been funded by the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative to the Center of Excellence for Great Lakes and Human Health at GLERL. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 22 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-3397 J9 MAR DRUGS JI Mar. Drugs PD DEC PY 2011 VL 9 IS 12 BP 2553 EP 2571 DI 10.3390/md9122553 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 874CA UT WOS:000298931400006 PM 22363240 ER PT J AU Sumaila, UR Cheung, WWL Lam, VWY Pauly, D Herrick, S AF Sumaila, U. Rashid Cheung, William W. L. Lam, Vicky W. Y. Pauly, Daniel Herrick, Samuel TI Climate change impacts on the biophysics and economics of world fisheries SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Review ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; THERMAL TOLERANCE; BERING-SEA; EL-NINO; FISH; COMMUNITY; OXYGEN AB Global marine fisheries are underperforming economically because of overfishing, pollution and habitat degradation. Added to these threats is the looming challenge of climate change. Observations, experiments and simulation models show that climate change would result in changes in primary productivity, shifts in distribution and changes in the potential yield of exploited marine species, resulting in impacts on the economics of fisheries worldwide. Despite the gaps in understanding climate change effects on fisheries, there is sufficient scientific information that highlights the need to implement climate change mitigation and adaptation policies to minimize impacts on fisheries. C1 [Sumaila, U. Rashid; Lam, Vicky W. Y.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Econ Res Unit, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. [Cheung, William W. L.; Pauly, Daniel] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Sea Us Project, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. [Herrick, Samuel] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Sumaila, UR (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Econ Res Unit, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. EM r.sumaila@fisheries.ubc.ca RI Cheung, William/F-5104-2013 OI Cheung, William/0000-0003-3626-1045 FU World Bank; Pew Charitable Trusts; National Geographic Society; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration San Diego Office FX U. R. S. was partly supported by the World Bank and the Pew Charitable Trusts. W. W. L. C. was partly supported by the National Geographic Society and the World Bank. V. W.Y.L. was supported by the Pew Charitable Trusts through U. R. S's Pew Fellowship. D. P. is partially supported by the Pew Charitable Trusts and S. H. is with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration San Diego Office. We thank P. Cury, A. Dyck and J. Sarmiento for their insights during the course of this work. NR 98 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 13 U2 151 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 1 IS 9 BP 449 EP 456 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1301 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 871LT UT WOS:000298740300016 ER PT J AU Lee, SS AF Lee, Seoung-Soo TI ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE Aerosols, clouds and climate SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT News Item ID DROUGHT C1 NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, R CSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lee, SS (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, R CSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Seoung.Soo.Lee@noaa.gov RI Lee, Seoung Soo/H-5383-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 4 IS 12 BP 826 EP 827 DI 10.1038/ngeo1340 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 863HK UT WOS:000298153200009 ER PT J AU Leonard, F Talin, AA AF Leonard, Francois Talin, A. Alec TI Electrical contacts to one- and two-dimensional nanomaterials SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CARBON NANOTUBE TRANSISTORS; SILICON NANOWIRES; NICKEL; PERFORMANCE; ELECTRODES; RESISTANCE; GERMANIUM; GROWTH; STATES; LOGIC AB Existing models of electrical contacts are often inapplicable at the nanoscale because there are significant differences between nanostructures and bulk materials arising from unique geometries and electrostatics. In this Review, we discuss the physics and materials science of electrical contacts to carbon nanotubes, semiconductor nanowires and graphene, and outline the main research and development challenges in the field. We also include a case study of gold contacts to germanium nanowires to illustrate these concepts. C1 [Leonard, Francois] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Talin, A. Alec] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Leonard, F (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM fleonar@sandia.gov; atalin@nist.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories [DE-AC04-94-AL85000] FX F.L. acknowledges financial support from the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Sandia National Laboratories, which is by operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the US Department of Energy (contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000). NR 66 TC 213 Z9 214 U1 38 U2 303 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 EI 1748-3395 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 6 IS 12 BP 773 EP 783 DI 10.1038/NNANO.2011.196 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 864OA UT WOS:000298248300008 PM 22120529 ER PT J AU Chadwick, MB Herman, M Oblozinsky, P Dunn, ME Danon, Y Kahler, AC Smith, DL Pritychenko, B Arbanas, G Arcilla, R Brewer, R Brown, DA Capote, R Carlson, AD Cho, YS Derrien, H Guber, K Hale, GM Hoblit, S Holloway, S Johnson, TD Kawano, T Kiedrowski, BC Kim, H Kunieda, S Larson, NM Leal, L Lestone, JP Little, RC McCutchan, EA MacFarlane, RE MacInnes, M Mattoon, CM McKnight, RD Mughabghab, SF Nobre, GPA Palmiotti, G Palumbo, A Pigni, MT Pronyaev, VG Sayer, RO Sonzogni, AA Summers, NC Talou, P Thompson, IJ Trkov, A Vogt, RL van der Marck, SC Wallner, A White, MC Wiarda, D Young, PC AF Chadwick, M. B. Herman, M. Oblozinsky, P. Dunn, M. E. Danon, Y. Kahler, A. C. Smith, D. L. Pritychenko, B. Arbanas, G. Arcilla, R. Brewer, R. Brown, D. A. Capote, R. Carlson, A. D. Cho, Y. S. Derrien, H. Guber, K. Hale, G. M. Hoblit, S. Holloway, S. Johnson, T. D. Kawano, T. Kiedrowski, B. C. Kim, H. Kunieda, S. Larson, N. M. Leal, L. Lestone, J. P. Little, R. C. McCutchan, E. A. MacFarlane, R. E. MacInnes, M. Mattoon, C. M. McKnight, R. D. Mughabghab, S. F. Nobre, G. P. A. Palmiotti, G. Palumbo, A. Pigni, M. T. Pronyaev, V. G. Sayer, R. O. Sonzogni, A. A. Summers, N. C. Talou, P. Thompson, I. J. Trkov, A. Vogt, R. L. van der Marck, S. C. Wallner, A. White, M. C. Wiarda, D. Young, P. C. TI ENDF/B-VII.1 Nuclear Data for Science and Technology: Cross Sections, Covariances, Fission Product Yields and Decay Data SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-INDUCED-FISSION; RESONANCE PARAMETER ANALYSIS; STRUCTURE DATA FILE; ENERGY-RANGE; DATA LIBRARY; SPECTRUM N+PU-239; THERMAL-NEUTRONS; MONTE-CARLO; CAPTURE; PU-242 AB The ENDF/B-VII.1 library is our latest recommended evaluated nuclear data file for use in nuclear science and technology applications, and incorporates advances made in the five years since the release of ENDF/B-VII.0. These advances focus on neutron cross sections, covariances, fission product yields and decay data, and represent work by the US Cross Section Evaluation Working Group (CSEWG) in nuclear data evaluation that utilizes developments in nuclear theory, modeling, simulation, and experiment. The principal advances in the new library are: (1) An increase in the breadth of neutron reaction cross section coverage, extending from 393 nuclides to 423 nuclides; (2) Covariance uncertainty data for 190 of the most important nuclides, as documented in companion papers in this edition; (3) R-matrix analyses of neutron reactions on light nuclei, including isotopes of He; Li, and Be; (4) Resonance parameter analyses at lower energies and statistical high energy reactions for isotopes of Cl; K; Ti, V, Mn, Cr, Ni, Zr and W; (5) Modifications to thermal neutron reactions on fission products (isotopes of Mo, Tc, Rh, Ag, Cs, Nd, Sm, Eu) and neutron absorber materials (Cd, Gd); (6) Improved minor actinide evaluations for isotopes of U, Np, Pu, and Am (we are not making changes to the major actinides U-235,U-238 and Pu-239 at this point, except for delayed neutron data and covariances, and instead we intend to update them after a further period of research in experiment and theory), and our adoption of JENDL-4.0 evaluations for isotopes of Cm, Bk, Cf, Es; Fm; and some other minor actinides; (7) Fission energy release evaluations; (8) Fission product yield advances for fission-spectrum neutrons and 14 MeV neutrons incident on Pu-239; and (9) A new decay data sublibrary. Integral validation testing of the ENDF/B-VII.1 library is provided for a variety of quantities: For nuclear criticality, the VII.1 library maintains the generally-good performance seen for VII.0 for a wide range of MCNP simulations of criticality benchmarks, with improved performance coming from new structural material evaluations, especially for Ti, Mn, Cr, Zr and W. For Be we see some improvements although the fast assembly data appear to be mutually inconsistent. Actinide cross section updates are also assessed through comparisons of fission and capture reaction rate measurements in critical assemblies and fast reactors, and improvements are evident. Maxwellian-averaged capture cross sections at 30 keV are also provided for astrophysics applications. We describe the cross section evaluations that have been updated for ENDF/B-VII.1 and the measured data and calculations that motivated the changes, and therefore this paper augments the ENDF/B-VII.0 publication [H. C1 [Chadwick, M. B.; Kahler, A. C.; Brewer, R.; Hale, G. M.; Holloway, S.; Kawano, T.; Kiedrowski, B. C.; Kunieda, S.; Lestone, J. P.; Little, R. C.; MacFarlane, R. E.; MacInnes, M.; Talou, P.; White, M. C.; Young, P. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Herman, M.; Oblozinsky, P.; Pritychenko, B.; Arcilla, R.; Brown, D. A.; Hoblit, S.; Johnson, T. D.; McCutchan, E. A.; Mughabghab, S. F.; Nobre, G. P. A.; Palumbo, A.; Sonzogni, A. A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Dunn, M. E.; Arbanas, G.; Derrien, H.; Guber, K.; Larson, N. M.; Leal, L.; Pigni, M. T.; Sayer, R. O.; Wiarda, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Danon, Y.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Smith, D. L.; McKnight, R. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Brown, D. A.; Mattoon, C. M.; Summers, N. C.; Thompson, I. J.; Vogt, R. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Capote, R.] IAEA, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Carlson, A. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pronyaev, V. G.] Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk, Russia. [Trkov, A.] Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [van der Marck, S. C.] Nucl Res & Consultancy Grp, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands. [Wallner, A.] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Cho, Y. S.; Kim, H.] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Taejon, South Korea. [Palmiotti, G.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Kunieda, S.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RP Chadwick, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mbchadwick@lanl.gov RI Wallner, Anton/G-1480-2011; Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014; OI Wallner, Anton/0000-0003-2804-3670; Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438; White, Morgan/0000-0003-3876-421X FU National Nuclear Security Agency of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Office of Nuclear Physics, Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC; Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy under DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-05ID14517]; [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX Work at Los Alamos National Laboratory was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Agency of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. Work at Brookhaven National Laboratory was sponsored by the Office of Nuclear Physics, Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC. Work at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory was performed under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and Oak Ridge National Laboratory under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Work supported at INL by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. NR 293 TC 630 Z9 642 U1 9 U2 84 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 EI 1095-9904 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2011 VL 112 IS 12 SI SI BP 2887 EP 2996 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2011.11.002 PG 110 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 862DP UT WOS:000298070300002 ER PT J AU Baker, DN Odstrcil, D Anderson, BJ Arge, CN Benna, M Gloeckler, G Korth, H Mayer, LR Raines, JM Schriver, D Slavin, JA Solomon, SC Travnicek, PM Zurbuchen, TH AF Baker, Daniel N. Odstrcil, Dusan Anderson, Brian J. Arge, C. Nick Benna, Mehdi Gloeckler, George Korth, Haje Mayer, Leslie R. Raines, Jim M. Schriver, David Slavin, James A. Solomon, Sean C. Travnicek, Pavel M. Zurbuchen, Thomas H. TI The space environment of Mercury at the times of the second and third MESSENGER flybys SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Solar wind; Interplanetary magnetic field; Magnetospheres; MESSENGER ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND; 1ST FLYBY; MAGNETOSPHERE; MODEL AB The second and third flybys of Mercury by the MESSENGER spacecraft occurred, respectively, on 6 October 2008 and on 29 September 2009. In order to provide contextual information about the solar wind properties and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) near the planet at those times, we have used an empirical modeling technique combined with a numerical physics-based solar wind model. The Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA) method uses solar photospheric magnetic field observations (from Earth-based instruments) in order to estimate the inner heliospheric radial flow speed and radial magnetic field out to 21.5 solar radii from the Sun. This information is then used as input to the global numerical magnetohydrodynamic model, ENLIL, which calculates solar wind velocity, density, temperature, and magnetic field strength and polarity throughout the inner heliosphere. WSA-ENLIL calculations are presented for the several-week period encompassing the second and third flybys. This information, in conjunction with available MESSENGER data, aid in understanding the Mercury flyby observations and provide a basis for global magnetospheric modeling. We find that during both flybys, the solar wind conditions were very quiescent and would have provided only modest dynamic driving forces for Mercury's magnetospheric system. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Baker, Daniel N.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Odstrcil, Dusan] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Odstrcil, Dusan; Slavin, James A.] NASA, Heliophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Anderson, Brian J.; Korth, Haje] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Arge, C. Nick] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Benna, Mehdi] NASA, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gloeckler, George; Raines, Jim M.; Zurbuchen, Thomas H.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mayer, Leslie R.] NOAA, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Schriver, David; Travnicek, Pavel M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Solomon, Sean C.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Travnicek, Pavel M.] ASCR, Astron Inst, Prague 14131, Czech Republic. [Travnicek, Pavel M.] ASCR, Inst Atmospher Phys, Prague 14131, Czech Republic. RP Baker, DN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM daniel.baker@lasp.colorado.edu RI Benna, Mehdi/F-3489-2012; Anderson, Brian/I-8615-2012; Slavin, James/H-3170-2012; Travnicek, Pavel/G-8608-2014 OI Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X; FU NASA [NASW-00002, NAS5-97271]; National Science Foundation's Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling FX The MESSENGER project is supported by the NASA Discovery Program under contracts NASW-00002 to the Carnegie Institution of Washington and NAS5-97271 to the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. The modeling techniques described here were originally developed under the auspices of the National Science Foundation's Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 59 IS 15 SI SI BP 2066 EP 2074 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2011.01.018 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 871FH UT WOS:000298722800023 ER PT J AU Santora, JA Sydeman, WJ Schroeder, ID Wells, BK Field, JC AF Santora, Jarrod A. Sydeman, William J. Schroeder, Isaac D. Wells, Brian K. Field, John C. TI Mesoscale structure and oceanographic determinants of krill hotspots in the California Current: Implications for trophic transfer and conservation SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID COASTAL UPWELLING SYSTEM; WARM OCEAN YEARS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; EUPHAUSIA-PACIFICA; POPULATION BIOLOGY; MONTEREY BAY; EL-NINO; LA-NINA; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS AB Krill (crustaceans of the family Euphausiacea) comprise an important prey field for vast array of fish, birds, and marine mammals in the California Current and other large marine ecosystems globally. In this study, we test the hypothesis that mesoscale spatial organization of krill is related to oceanographic conditions associated with coastal upwelling. To test this, we compiled a climatology of krill distributions based on hydroacoustic surveys off California in May-June each year between 2000 and 2009 (missing 2007). Approximately 53,000 km of ocean habitat was sampled, resulting in a comprehensive geo-spatial data set from the Southern California Bight to Cape Mendocino. We determined the location and characteristics of eight definite and two probable krill "hotspots" of abundance. Directional-dependence analysis revealed that krill hotspots were oriented in a northwest-southeast (135 degrees) direction, corresponding to the anisotropy of the 200-2000 m isobath. Krill hotspots were disassociated (inversely correlated) with three upwelling centers, Point Arena, Point Sur, and Point Conception, suggesting that krill may avoid locations of strong offshore transport or aggregate downstream from these locations. While current fisheries management considers the entire coast out to the 2000 m isobath critical habitat for krill in this ecosystem, we establish here smaller scale structuring of this critical mid-trophic level prey resource. Identifying mesoscale krill hotspots and their oceanographic determinants is significant as these smaller ecosystem divisions may warrant protection to ensure key ecosystem functions (i.e., trophic transfer) and resilience. Furthermore, delineating and quantifying krill hotspots may be important for conservation of krill-predators in this system. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Santora, Jarrod A.; Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Schroeder, Isaac D.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA USA. [Wells, Brian K.; Field, John C.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Santora, JA (reprint author), Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, POB 750756, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. EM jasantora@gmail.com FU California Ocean Protection Council and California Sea [OPC-ENV-07]; NASA [NNX09AU39G] FX We thank members of the NOAA-NMFS Juvenile Rockfish Survey team, including Keith Sakuma, Ken Baltz, Stephen Ralston and Baldo Marinovic for species identification and discussion. Acoustic processing was greatly enhanced through collaboration with the NOAA-NMFS US Antarctic Marine Living Resources (AMLR) program and we are thankful for the assistance and support of Anthony Cossio and Christian S. Reiss. We appreciate the reviews from four anonymous reviewers and Valerie J. Loeb for helping to strengthen this paper. Funding for this project was made possible through a grant to WJS and Steven J. Bograd from the California Ocean Protection Council and California Sea Grant (OPC-ENV-07) and to F. Chavez and B. Wells from NASA (project no. NNX09AU39G). NR 103 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 40 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 91 IS 4 BP 397 EP 409 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2011.04.002 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 863XQ UT WOS:000298202000004 ER PT J AU Kinsinger, CR Apffel, J Baker, M Bian, XP Borchers, CH Bradshaw, R Brusniak, MY Chan, DW Deutsch, EW Domon, B Gorman, J Grimm, R Hancock, W Hermjakob, H Horn, D Hunter, C Kolar, P Kraus, HJ Langen, H Linding, R Moritz, RL Omenn, GS Orlando, R Pandey, A Ping, PP Rahbar, A Rivers, R Seymour, SL Simpson, RJ Slotta, D Smith, RD Stein, SE Tabb, DL Tagle, D Yates, JR Rodriguez, H AF Kinsinger, Christopher R. Apffel, James Baker, Mark Bian, Xiaopeng Borchers, Christoph H. Bradshaw, Ralph Brusniak, Mi-Youn Chan, Daniel W. Deutsch, Eric W. Domon, Bruno Gorman, Jeff Grimm, Rudolf Hancock, William Hermjakob, Henning Horn, David Hunter, Christie Kolar, Patrik Kraus, Hans-Joachim Langen, Hanno Linding, Rune Moritz, Robert L. Omenn, Gilbert S. Orlando, Ron Pandey, Akhilesh Ping, Peipei Rahbar, Amir Rivers, Robert Seymour, Sean L. Simpson, Richard J. Slotta, Douglas Smith, Richard D. Stein, Stephen E. Tabb, David L. Tagle, Danilo Yates, John R., III Rodriguez, Henry TI Recommendations for mass spectrometry data quality metrics for open access data (corollary to the Amsterdam principles) SO PROTEOMICS CLINICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Amsterdam principles; Bioinformatics; Data quality; Metrics; Open access; Selected reaction monitoring; Standards ID PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION DATA; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; PEPTIDE IDENTIFICATION; CLINICAL PROTEOMICS; MINIMUM INFORMATION; STATISTICAL-MODEL; GUIDELINES; RESOURCE; SPECTRA; REPRODUCIBILITY AB Policies supporting the rapid and open sharing of proteomic data are being implemented by the leading journals in the field. The proteomics community is taking steps to ensure that data are made publicly accessible and are of high quality, a challenging task that requires the development and deployment of methods for measuring and documenting data quality metrics. On September 18, 2010, the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) convened the "International Workshop on Proteomic Data Quality Metrics" in Sydney, Australia, to identify and address issues facing the development and use of such methods for open access proteomics data. The stakeholders at the workshop enumerated the key principles underlying a framework for data quality assessment in mass spectrometry data that will meet the needs of the research community, journals, finding agencies, and data repositories. Attendees discussed and agreed up on two primary needs for the wide use of quality metrics: (i) an evolving list of comprehensive quality metrics and (ii) standards accompanied by software analytics. Attendees stressed the importance of increased education and training programs to promote reliable protocols in proteomics. This workshop report explores the historic precedents, key discussions, and necessary next steps to enhance the quality of open access data. By agreement, this article is published simultaneously in Proteomics, Proteomics Clinical Applications, Journal of Proteome Research, and Molecular and Cellular Proteomics, as a public service to the research community. The peer review process was a coordinated effort conducted by a panel of referees selected by the journals. C1 [Kinsinger, Christopher R.; Rahbar, Amir; Rodriguez, Henry] NCI, Off Canc Clin Prote Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Apffel, James] Agilent Res Labs, Santa Clara, CA USA. [Baker, Mark] Macquarie Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Bian, Xiaopeng] NCI, Ctr Bioinformat & Informat Technol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Borchers, Christoph H.] Univ Victoria, Genome BC Prote Ctr, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Bradshaw, Ralph] Univ Calif San Francisco, Mass Spectrometry Facil, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Moritz, Robert L.] Inst Syst Biol, Cellular & Mol Log Unit, Seattle, WA USA. [Chan, Daniel W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Domon, Bruno] CRP Sante, Luxembourg Clin Prote Ctr, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. [Gorman, Jeff] Queensland Inst Med Res, Prot Discovery Ctr, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia. [Grimm, Rudolf] Agilent Technol, Santa Clara, CA USA. [Hancock, William] Northeastern Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hermjakob, Henning] European Bioinformat Inst, Prote Serv, Cambridge, England. [Horn, David] Thermo Fisher Sci, Prote Software Strateg Mkt, San Jose, CA USA. [Hunter, Christie; Rivers, Robert] AB SCIEX, Foster City, CA USA. [Kolar, Patrik] European Commiss, Directorate Gen Res, Brussels, Belgium. [Kraus, Hans-Joachim] Wiley VCH, Weinheim, Germany. [Langen, Hanno] Hoffmann La Roche AG, Exploratory Biomarkers, Basel, Switzerland. [Linding, Rune] Tech Univ Denmark, C SIG, Ctr Biol Sequence Anal CBS, Dept Syst Biol, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Omenn, Gilbert S.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Computat Med & Bioinformat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Orlando, Ron] Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Pandey, Akhilesh] Johns Hopkins Univ, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Ping, Peipei] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Seymour, Sean L.] NCI, Small Business Dev Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Simpson, Richard J.] La Trobe Univ, La Trobe Inst Mol Sci, Bundoora, Vic, Australia. [Slotta, Douglas] NIH, Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Stein, Stephen E.] NIST, Chem Reference Data Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tabb, David L.] Vanderbilt Ingram Canc Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. [Tagle, Danilo] Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Yates, John R., III] Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Kinsinger, CR (reprint author), NCI, Off Canc Clin Prote Res, NIH, 31 Ctr Dr,MSC 2580, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM kinsingc@mail.nih.gov RI Simpson, Richard/A-6947-2012; Pandey, Akhilesh/B-4127-2009; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Bradshaw, Ralph/K-1515-2013; OI Hermjakob, Henning/0000-0001-8479-0262; Baker, Mark/0000-0001-5858-4035; Pandey, Akhilesh/0000-0001-9943-6127; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Ping, Peipei/0000-0003-3583-3881; Omenn, Gilbert S./0000-0002-8976-6074 NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-8346 EI 1862-8354 J9 PROTEOM CLIN APPL JI Proteom. Clin. Appl. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 5 IS 11-12 BP 580 EP 589 DI 10.1002/prca.201100097 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 865TU UT WOS:000298334000002 PM 22213554 ER PT J AU Salim, EA DeNatale, J Farkas, DM Hudek, KM McBride, SE Michalchuk, J Mihailovich, R Anderson, DZ AF Salim, Evan A. DeNatale, Jeffrey Farkas, Daniel M. Hudek, Kai M. McBride, Sterling E. Michalchuk, Joey Mihailovich, Robert Anderson, Dana Z. TI Compact, microchip-based systems for practical applications of ultracold atoms SO QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Bose-Einstein condensation; Atom chips; Ultrahigh vacuum ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; MAGNETOOPTICAL TRAP; SINGLE ATOMS; CHIP; GAS; LATTICE; CLOCK AB We present a set of building blocks for constructing and utilizing compact, microchip-based, ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) chambers for the practical deployment of cold-and ultracold-atom systems. We present two examples of chip-compatible approaches for miniaturizing UHV chambers-double-magneto-optical-trap cells and channel cells-as well as compact, free-space optical systems into which these cells can be easily inserted and quickly swapped. We discuss progress in atom chip technology, including miniature through-chip electrical feedthroughs and optical windows for transferring light between the trapping region on the chip and the ambient environment. As an example of the latter, we present some of the first through-chip fluorescence images of a Bose-Einstein condensate. High numerical apertures can be achieved with this technique, allowing for submicron resolution. Whether for optical detection, trapping, or control, such fine resolution will have numerous applications in quantum information, especially for experiments based on ultracold atoms trapped in optical lattices. C1 [Salim, Evan A.; Farkas, Daniel M.; Hudek, Kai M.; Anderson, Dana Z.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Salim, Evan A.; Farkas, Daniel M.; Hudek, Kai M.; Anderson, Dana Z.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Salim, Evan A.; Farkas, Daniel M.; Hudek, Kai M.; Anderson, Dana Z.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [DeNatale, Jeffrey; Mihailovich, Robert] Teledyne Sci & Imaging LLC, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. [McBride, Sterling E.; Michalchuk, Joey] SRI Int Sarnoff, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Anderson, DZ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM dana.anderson@jila.colorado.edu FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; Army Research Office [W911NF-04-1-0043]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-10-1-0135]; National Science Foundation through a Physics Frontier Center [PHY0551010] FX We are grateful to L. Czaia for her capable assistance with vacuum cell fabrication. This work was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the Army Research Office (grant no. W911NF-04-1-0043), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (grant no. FA9550-10-1-0135), and the National Science Foundation through a Physics Frontier Center (grant no. PHY0551010). NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1570-0755 J9 QUANTUM INF PROCESS JI Quantum Inf. Process. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 10 IS 6 SI SI BP 975 EP 994 DI 10.1007/s11128-011-0300-8 PG 20 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 875MF UT WOS:000299033800014 ER PT J AU Duda, JJ Coe, HJ Morley, SA Kloehn, KK AF Duda, J. J. Coe, H. J. Morley, S. A. Kloehn, K. K. TI Establishing spatial trends in water chemistry and stable isotopes (d15N and d13C) in the Elwha River prior to dam removal and salmon recolonization SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE stable isotopes; salmon; dam removal; marine-derived nutrients; food webs ID COASTAL BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PACIFIC SALMON; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; FRESH-WATER; ONCORHYNCHUS SPP.; COHO SALMON; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY; STREAM PRODUCTIVITY AB Two high-head dams on the Elwha River in Washington State (USA) have changed the migratory patterns of resident and anadromous fish, limiting Pacific salmon to the lower 7.9km of a river that historically supported large Pacific salmon runs. To document the effects of the dams prior to their removal, we measured carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of primary producers, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish, and water chemistry above, between and below the dams. We found that d15N was significantly higher in fish, stoneflies, black flies, periphyton and macroalgae where salmon still have access. Fish and chloroperlid stoneflies were enriched in d13C, but the values were more variable than in d15N. For some taxa, there were also differences between the two river sections that lack salmon, suggesting that factors other than marine-derived nutrients are structuring longitudinal isotopic profiles. Consistent with trophic theory, macroalgae had the lowest d15N, followed by periphyton, macroinvertebrates and fish, with a range of 6.9, 6.2 and 7.7 parts per thousand below, between, and above the dams, respectively. Water chemistry analyses confirmed earlier reports that the river is oligotrophic. Phosphorous levels in the Elwha were lower than those found in other regional rivers, with significant differences among regulated, unregulated and reference sections. The removal of these dams, among the largest of such projects ever attempted, is expected to facilitate the return of salmon and their marine-derived nutrients (MDN) throughout the watershed, possibly altering the food web structure, nutrient levels and stable isotope values that we documented. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Duda, J. J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Coe, H. J.; Morley, S. A.; Kloehn, K. K.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Duda, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jduda@usgs.gov RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009 OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634 FU NOAA Fisheries Restoration Center; Elwha Klallam Tribe; USGS/NPS; NPS Water Resources Center FX The authors thank G. Pess, B. Sanderson, M. McHenry, P. Crain, S. Brenkman and J. Freilich for their assistance with study design and field logistics. Olympic National Park, The Elwha Klallam Tribe, Green Crow Timber, the Elwha Place Homeowners' Association and J. Pederson graciously allowed them access to their lands. This work is the result of hard work from A. Freilich, D. and V. Van Calcar (ONP); C. Chambers, D. Chase, C. Galitsky, A. Green, M. Groce, A. Newman and J. Steinbacher (USGS); T. Beechie, B. Burke, J. Chamberlin, C. Greene, K. Frick, M. Liermann, J. Michael and V. Pelekis (NOAA); R. Moses and S. Sampson (Elwha); B. Eaton, J. Harbrod, S. Aurora and A. Cox (Peninsula College), and L. and S. Baysinger (Sol Duc Valley Packers). The authors also thanks to N. Haubenstock and W. Reichert for assistance with stable isotope analyses and to M. Liermann for statistical assistance. This paper benefited from comments by B. Sanderson and M. Scheuerell and anonymous peer review comments. Funding was provided by grants from the NOAA Fisheries Restoration Center, the Elwha Klallam Tribe, the USGS/NPS Park Oriented Biological Support Program and the NPS Water Resources Center. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names is for the convenience of the reader and does not constitute endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 100 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1169 EP 1181 DI 10.1002/rra.1413 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 864IZ UT WOS:000298234800001 ER PT J AU Schumacher, PN Boustead, JM AF Schumacher, Philip N. Boustead, Joshua M. TI Mesocyclone Evolution Associated with Varying Shear Profiles during the 24 June 2003 Tornado Outbreak SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; LOW-LEVEL MESOVORTICES; BOW ECHOES; PART II; CONVECTIVE STORMS; SQUALL LINES; GREAT-PLAINS; JET STREAKS; CLIMATOLOGY; SUPERCELL AB The morphology of mesocyclones associated with the regional tornado outbreak on 24 June 2003 is examined to illustrate the effects of changing vertical wind profiles. The large-scale environment supported deep moist convection, with forcing for ascent and convective instability. Postevent analysis indicated there were changes in the shear in space and time across a small geographical area. The event was separated into sectors based on both the synoptic setting and the differing shear profiles. Near the surface warm front, the vertical wind profile and mesocyclone evolution exhibited a classic appearance and produced significant tornadoes. In the warm sector, where no discernible surface boundaries were evident, classic supercells initially were favored but only produced short-lived tornadoes rated as F0 on the Fujita scale. The vertical wind profile changed as a low-level jet intensified after 0000 UTC 25 June. The majority of the vertical wind shear became located below 3 km. Meanwhile, mesocyclone elevation lowered and rotational velocity increased. As the dynamically induced low-level jet and an area of mixed-layer (ML) convective available potential energy (CAPE) became juxtaposed where the boundary layer was uncapped, strong low-level mesocyclones and 32 tornadoes developed in an area with no discernible surface boundaries. The event illustrates the need for warning meteorologists to monitor not only the amount of shear present, but also its distribution in the hodograph owing to its strong correspondence with mesocyclone morphology. C1 [Schumacher, Philip N.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Sioux Falls, SD 57104 USA. [Boustead, Joshua M.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Valley, NE USA. RP Schumacher, PN (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, 26 Weather Ln, Sioux Falls, SD 57104 USA. EM phil.schumacher@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 26 IS 6 BP 808 EP 827 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-10-05021.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864UC UT WOS:000298264600002 ER PT J AU Brennan, MJ Majumdar, SJ AF Brennan, Michael J. Majumdar, Sharanya J. TI An Examination of Model Track Forecast Errors for Hurricane Ike (2008) in the Gulf of Mexico SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL VORTICITY DIAGNOSTICS; SYSTEM; MOVEMENT; GSI AB Sources of dynamical model track error for Hurricane Ike (2008) in the Gulf of Mexico are examined. Deterministic and ensemble model output are compared against National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) analyses to identify potential critical features associated with the motion of Ike and its eventual landfall along the upper Texas coast. Several potential critical features were identified, including the subtropical ridge north of Ike and several synoptic-scale short-wave troughs and ridges over central and western North America, and Tropical Storm Lowell in the eastern North Pacific. Using the NCEP Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) data assimilation scheme, the operational GSI analysis from the 0000 UTC 9 September 2008 cycle was modified by perturbing each of these features individually, and then integrating the GFS model using the perturbed initial state. The track of Ike from each of the perturbed runs was compared to the operational GFS and it was found that the greatest improvements to the track forecast were associated with weakening the subtropical ridge north of Ike and strengthening a midlevel short-wave trough over California. A GFS run beginning with an analysis where both of these features were perturbed produced a greater track improvement than either did individually. The results suggest that multiple sources of error exist in the initial states of the operational models, and that the correction of these errors in conjunction with reliable ensemble forecasts would lead to improved forecasts of tropical cyclone tracks and their accompanying uncertainty. C1 [Brennan, Michael J.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Majumdar, Sharanya J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Brennan, MJ (reprint author), 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA. EM michael.j.brennan@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 26 IS 6 BP 848 EP 867 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-10-05053.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864UC UT WOS:000298264600004 ER PT J AU Chen, H Zhang, DL Carton, J Atlas, R AF Chen, Hua Zhang, Da-Lin Carton, James Atlas, Robert TI On the Rapid Intensification of Hurricane Wilma (2005). Part I: Model Prediction and Structural Changes SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER PARAMETERIZATIONS; CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; TROPICAL CYCLONES; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SPIRAL BANDS; ANDREW 1992; INTENSITY CHANGES; WIND MAXIMA; DIANA 1984 AB In this study, a 72-h cloud-permitting numerical prediction of Hurricane Wilma (2005), covering its initial 18-h spinup, an 18-h rapid intensification (RI), and the subsequent 36-h weakening stage, is performed using the Weather Research Forecast Model (WRF) with the finest grid length of 1 km. The model prediction uses the initial and lateral boundary conditions, including the bogus vortex, that are identical to the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's then-operational data, except for the time-independent sea surface temperature field. Results show that the WRF prediction compares favorably in many aspects to the best-track analysis, as well as satellite and reconnaissance flight-level observations. In particular, the model predicts an RI rate of more than 4 hPa h(-1) for an 18-h period, with the minimum central pressure of less than 889 hPa. Of significance is that the model captures a sequence of important inner-core structural variations associated with Wilma's intensity changes, namely, from a partial eyewall open to the west prior to RI to a full eyewall at the onset of RI, rapid eyewall contraction during the initial spinup, the formation of double eyewalls with a wide moat area in between during the most intense stage, and the subsequent eyewall replacement leading to the weakening of Wilma. In addition, the model reproduces the boundary layer growth up to 750 hPa with an intense inversion layer above in the eye. Recognizing that a single case does not provide a rigorous test of the model predictability due to the stochastic nature of deep convection, results presented herein suggest that it is possible to improve forecasts of hurricane intensity and intensity changes, and especially RI, if the inner-core structural changes and storm size could be reasonably predicted in an operational setting using high-resolution cloud-permitting models with realistic initial conditions and model physical parameterizations. C1 [Chen, Hua; Zhang, Da-Lin; Carton, James] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Atlas, Robert] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Zhang, DL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dalin@atmos.umd.edu RI Zhang, Da-Lin/F-2634-2010; Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011; carton, james/C-4807-2009; Chen, Hua/B-7664-2014 OI Zhang, Da-Lin/0000-0003-1725-283X; Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560; carton, james/0000-0003-0598-5198; Chen, Hua/0000-0002-9493-6939 FU NASA [1284085]; ONR [N000140710186]; NSF [ATM0758609] FX We thank Dr. Weixing Shen for his kind assistance in accessing the then-operational GFDL dataset for the current study. The final WRF model integration was completed on NOAA's NJET supercomputer through the Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program. This work was supported by NASA Grant 1284085, ONR Grant N000140710186, and NSF Grant ATM0758609. NR 68 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 26 IS 6 BP 885 EP 901 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00001.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864UC UT WOS:000298264600006 ER PT J AU Di Liberto, T Colle, BA Georgas, N Blumberg, AF Taylor, AA AF Di Liberto, Tom Colle, Brian A. Georgas, Nickitas Blumberg, Alan F. Taylor, Arthur A. TI Verification of a Multimodel Storm Surge Ensemble around New York City and Long Island for the Cool Season SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID NORTHEAST UNITED-STATES; EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION; VERTICAL DIFFUSION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; FLOYD 1999; MODEL; MESOSCALE; PRECIPITATION; FORECASTS; PARAMETERIZATION AB Three real-time storm surge forecasting systems [the eight-member Stony Brook ensemble (SBSS), the Stevens Institute of Technology's New York Harbor Observing and Prediction System (SIT-NYHOPS), and the NOAA Extratropical Storm Surge (NOAA-ET) model] are verified for 74 available days during the 2007-08 and 2008-09 cool seasons for five stations around the New York City-Long Island region. For the raw storm surge forecasts, the SIT-NYHOPS model has the lowest root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) on average, while the NOAA-ET has the largest RMSEs after hour 24 as a result of a relatively large negative surge bias. The SIT-NYHOPS and SBSS also have a slight negative surge bias after hour 24. Many of the underpredicted surges in the SBSS ensemble are associated with large waves at an offshore buoy, thus illustrating the potential importance of nearshore wave breaking (radiation stresses) on the surge predictions. A bias correction using the last 5 days of predictions (BC) removes most of the surge bias in the NOAA-ET model, with the NOAA-ET-BC having a similar level of accuracy as the SIT-NYHOPS-BC for positive surges. A multimodel surge ensemble (ENS-3) comprising the SBSS control member, SIT-NYHOPS, and NOAA-ET models has a better degree of deterministic accuracy than any individual member. Probabilistically, the ALL ensemble (eight SBSS members, SIT-NYHOPS, and NOAA-ET) is underdispersed and does not improve after applying a bias correction. The ENS-3 improves the Brier skill score (BSS) relative to the best deterministic member (SIT-NYHOPS), and the ENS-3 has a larger BSS and better reliability than the SBSS and ALL ensembles, thus illustrating the benefits of a multimodel storm surge ensemble. C1 [Di Liberto, Tom; Colle, Brian A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Georgas, Nickitas; Blumberg, Alan F.] Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Taylor, Arthur A.] NOAA, Meteorol Dev Lab, NWS, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Colle, BA (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM brian.colle@stonybrook.edu OI Georgas, Nickitas/0000-0003-0917-4907 FU National Sea Grant College Program of the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NYSG R/CCP-13, NA07OAR4170010] FX We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions that helped improve the manuscript. This publication is a resulting product from project NYSG R/CCP-13 funded under Award NA07OAR4170010 from the National Sea Grant College Program of the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, to the Research Foundation of the State University of New York on behalf of New York Sea Grant. The statements, findings, conclusions, views, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of any of those organizations. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 26 IS 6 BP 922 EP 939 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-10-05055.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864UC UT WOS:000298264600008 ER PT J AU Gall, JS Ginis, I Lin, SJ Marchok, TP Chen, JH AF Gall, Jeffrey S. Ginis, Isaac Lin, Shian-Jiann Marchok, Timothy P. Chen, Jan-Huey TI Experimental Tropical Cyclone Prediction Using the GFDL 25-km-Resolution Global Atmospheric Model SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION COUPLED MODEL; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; OCEAN INTERACTION; SIMULATIONS; PREDICTABILITY; FORECASTS; HURRICANES; INTENSITY; FREQUENCY AB This paper describes a forecasting configuration of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) High-resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM). HiRAM represents an early attempt in unifying, within a global modeling framework, the capabilities of GFDL's low-resolution climate models for Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) type climate change assessments and high-resolution limited-area models for hurricane predictions. In this study, the potential of HiRAM as a forecasting tool is investigated by applying the model to the near-term and intraseasonal hindcasting of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the Atlantic basin from 2006 to 2009. Results demonstrate that Hi RAM provides skillful near-term forecasts of TC track and intensity relative to their respective benchmarks from t = 48 h through t = 144 h. At the intraseasonal time scale, a simple HiRAM ensemble provides skillful forecasts of 21-day Atlantic basin TC activity at a 2-day lead time. It should be noted that the methodology used to produce these hindcasts is applicable in a real-time forecasting scenario. While the initial experimental results appear promising, the HiRAM forecasting system requires various improvements in order to be useful in an operational setting. These modifications are currently under development and include a data assimilation system for forecast initialization, increased horizontal resolution to better resolve the vortex structure, 3D ocean model coupling, and wave model coupling. An overview of these ongoing developments is provided, and the specifics of each will be described in subsequent papers. C1 [Gall, Jeffrey S.; Lin, Shian-Jiann; Marchok, Timothy P.; Chen, Jan-Huey] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Gall, Jeffrey S.; Ginis, Isaac] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. RP Gall, JS (reprint author), Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM jeffrey.gall@noaa.gov FU WeatherPredict Consulting, Inc.; NOAA FX We thank Ming Zhao and Isaac Held for helpful discussions and guidance during the course of this study. This research was supported by a grant from WeatherPredict Consulting, Inc., an affiliate of RenaissanceRe. Additionally, Isaac Ginis, S.-J. Lin, and Timothy Marchok thank NOAA's Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project for additional support. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1008 EP 1019 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-10-05015.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864UC UT WOS:000298264600013 ER PT J AU Knaff, JA Sampson, CR Fitzpatrick, PJ Jin, Y Hill, CM AF Knaff, John A. Sampson, Charles R. Fitzpatrick, Patrick J. Jin, Yi Hill, Christopher M. TI Simple Diagnosis of Tropical Cyclone Structure via Pressure Gradients SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SURFACE WIND ANALYSIS; MODEL; INTENSITY; HURRICANES; PROFILES; SYSTEM AB In 1980 the Holland tropical cyclone (TC) wind profile model was introduced. This simple model was originally intended to estimate the wind profile based on limited surface pressure information alone. For this reason and its relative simplicity, the model has been used in many practical applications. In this paper the potential of a simplified version of the Holland B parameter, which is related to the shape of the tangential wind profile, is explored as a powerful diagnostic tool for monitoring TC structure. The implementation examined is based on the limited information (maximum wind, central pressure, radius and pressure of the outer closed isobar, radii of operationally important wind radii, etc.) that is typically available in operational models and routine analyses of TC structure. This "simplified Holland B" parameter is shown to be sensitive to TC intensity, TC size, and the rate of radial decay of the tangential winds, but relatively insensitive to the radius of maximum winds. A climatology of the simplified Holland B parameter based on historical best-track data is also developed and presented, providing the expected natural ranges of variability. The relative simplicity, predictable variability, and desirable properties of the simplified Holland B parameter make it ideal for a variety of applications. Examples of how the simplified Holland B parameter can be used for improving forecaster guidance, developing TC structure tools, diagnosing TC model output, and understanding and comparing the climatological variations of TC structure are presented. C1 [Knaff, John A.] Colorado State Univ, NOAA, NESDIS, RAMMB, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sampson, Charles R.; Jin, Yi] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Fitzpatrick, Patrick J.; Hill, Christopher M.] Mississippi State Univ, Geosyst Res Inst, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Knaff, JA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NOAA, NESDIS, RAMMB, Campus Delivery 1375, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM john.knaff@noaa.gov RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409 FU NOAA [NA09AANWG0149]; Northern Gulf Institute [NA06OAR4320264]; U.S. Department of Homeland Security [2008-ST-061-ND 0001] FX This project is supported by the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (NA09AANWG0149) and the Northern Gulf Institute (NA06OAR4320264), as well as by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security under Award 2008-ST-061-ND 0001. The authors would also like to thank the two anonymous reviewers, Mark DeMaria, Andrea Schumacher, and Mike Fiorino for providing constructive comments on the many versions of this manuscript. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1020 EP 1031 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00013.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864UC UT WOS:000298264600014 ER PT J AU Blanchard, DO AF Blanchard, David O. TI Supercells in Environments with Atypical Hodographs SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED CONVECTIVE STORMS; WIND; THUNDERSTORM; MOTION; MESOSCALE; SHEAR AB An unusual severe weather event with supercell thunderstorms developed across portions of northern Arizona in the midst of the warm-season North American monsoon-a regime characteristically dominated by a subtropical upper-level high over the southwestern United States. The approach of a midlatitude, cold-core, upper-level low brought an environment of enhanced shear and increased instability supportive of supercells. This atypical system is described and how a correct interpretation of the winds and hodograph would allow a forecaster to maintain situational awareness is discussed. C1 [Blanchard, David O.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Blanchard, DO (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, POB 16057, Bellemont, AZ 86015 USA. EM david.o.blanchard@noaa.gov NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1075 EP 1083 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00012.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864UC UT WOS:000298264600019 ER PT J AU Kleist, DT AF Kleist, Daryl T. TI Assimilation of Tropical Cyclone Advisory Minimum Sea Level Pressure in the NCEP Global Data Assimilation System SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; INITIALIZATION; CHALLENGES; ENKF; GSI AB The assimilation of official advisory minimum sea level pressure observations has been developed and tested in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) to address forecaster concerns regarding sonic tropical systems being far too weak in operational Global Forecast System (GFS) analyses. The assimilation of these observations has been operational in the GFS since December 2009. Using the T574 version of the NCEP GFS model, it is demonstrated that the assimilation of these observations results in a substantial reduction in the initial intensity bias for tropical systems, resulting in improved track and intensity guidance for lead times out to 5 days. C1 [Kleist, Daryl T.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Kleist, DT (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Sci, 207,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM daryl.kleist@noaa.gov RI Kleist, Daryl /C-7771-2016 FU EMC; University of Maryland FX I would like to thank my many colleagues at EMC and the University of Maryland for their continued collaboration and support. Thanks also to Andrew Collard, Vijay Tallapragada, and three anonymous reviewers for comments that helped improve the manuscript. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1085 EP 1091 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00045.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864UC UT WOS:000298264600020 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JH Lindberg, MS Johnson, DS Verbyla, DL AF Schmidt, Joshua H. Lindberg, Mark S. Johnson, Devin S. Verbyla, David L. TI Season length influences breeding range dynamics of trumpeter swans Cygnus buccinator SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; breeding distribution; climate change; Cygnus buccinator; population recovery; range expansion; trumpeter swan ID RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; ALASKA; POPULATION; BIRDS; COMMUNITIES; HABITAT; MODELS; SHIFTS; BRANT; LAKES AB The breeding range of large-bodied waterfowl nesting in the northern boreal forest is likely influenced by breeding season length. This may be particularly true for the largest species of North American waterfowl, the trumpeter swan Cygnus buccinator, due to the extended time period necessary to raise young to fledging. This species recently recovered from near-extinction in the early 1900s to reoccupy historic breeding areas throughout the boreal forest in Alaska, although recolonization patterns may have been influenced by variation in season length over the same time period. This may have resulted in range expansion into areas that were historically unavailable due to an ice-free period insufficient for successful reproduction. We used hierarchical occupancy models to analyze trumpeter swan survey data collected over the entire breeding range in Alaska during 1968-2005. We fit models containing combinations of recolonization parameters, trend and latitude, and season length to these data to determine whether these variables explained the variation in occupancy across our survey area. Support for season length parameters would provide evidence that the recolonization process was partially related to the length of the breeding season. We expected that occupancy probability would increase range-wide due to overall population growth, while occupancy would be greatest at mid-latitudes, near the center of the species range. Because this population was recovering, we also expected that expansion would proceed outward from the range center. Our results indicated that habitat occupancy was positively related to season length, partially explaining the recently observed northward range expansion. Our results suggest that increases in annual temperatures due to climate warming would likely be associated with further range expansion in trumpeter swans and may have implications for other wetland obligates. Changes in species distributions will likely increase competition for breeding areas with potential negative effects on species not limited by season length. This may already be occurring in Alaska where the breeding distribution of trumpeter swans has begun to overlap with that of tundra swans Cygnus columbianus. C1 [Schmidt, Joshua H.; Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Verbyla, David L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Forest Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Schmidt, Joshua H.; Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Schmidt, JH (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Cent Alaska Network, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM joshua_schmidt@nps.gov; mslindberg@alaska.edu; devin.johnson@noaa.gov; dlverbyla@alaska.edu FU Alaska Department of Fish and Game; Department of Biology and Wildlife; Institute of Arctic Biology of the University of Alaska Fairbanks; Alaska EPSCoR FX we thank M. Bertram, C. Handel, B. Mattson, C. McIntyre, J. Schmutz and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on a previous version of this manuscript. B. Conant, D. Groves, J. King, E. Mallek and many others with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Migratory Birds Management Division were instrumental in collecting and compiling the survey data. Support for the first author was provided by a State Wildlife Grant from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, the Department of Biology and Wildlife, the Institute of Arctic Biology of the University of Alaska Fairbanks and Alaska EPSCoR. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 24 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 EI 1903-220X J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 17 IS 4 BP 364 EP 372 DI 10.2981/11-003 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 876XE UT WOS:000299140300003 ER PT J AU Lee, H Seo, DJ Koren, V AF Lee, Haksu Seo, Dong-Jun Koren, Victor TI Assimilation of streamflow and in situ soil moisture data into operational distributed hydrologic models: Effects of uncertainties in the data and initial model soil moisture states SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Data assimilation; Distributed hydrologic modeling; Streamflow; Soil moisture ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; REAL-TIME ESTIMATION; RADAR RAINFALL DATA; SEQUENTIAL ASSIMILATION; SYSTEMS; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; SIMULATION; PREDICTION; ALGORITHM AB We assess the potential of updating soil moisture states of a distributed hydrologic model by assimilating streamflow and in situ soil moisture data for high-resolution analysis and prediction of streamflow and soil moisture. The model used is the gridded Sacramento (SAC) and kinematic-wave routing models of the National Weather Service (NWS) Hydrology Laboratory's Research Distributed Hydrologic Model (HL-RDHM) operating at an hourly time step. The data assimilation (DA) technique used is variational assimilation (VAR). Assimilating streamflow and soil moisture data into distributed hydrologic models is new and particularly challenging due to the large degrees of freedom associated with the inverse problem. This paper reports findings from the first phase of the research in which we assume, among others, perfectly known hydrometeorological forcing. The motivation for the simplification is to reduce the complexity of the problem in favour of improved understanding and easier interpretation even if it may compromise the goodness of the results. To assess the potential, two types of experiments, synthetic and real-world, were carried out for Eldon (ELDO2), a 795-km(2) headwater catchment located near the Oklahoma (OK) and Arkansas (AR) border in the U.S. The synthetic experiment assesses the upper bound of the performance of the assimilation procedure under the idealized conditions of no structural or parametric errors in the models, a full dynamic range and no microscale variability in the in situ observations of soil moisture, and perfectly known univariate statistics of the observational errors. The results show that assimilating in situ soil moisture data in addition to streamflow data significantly improves analysis and prediction of soil moisture and streamflow, and that assimilating streamflow observations at interior locations in addition to those at the outlet improves analysis and prediction of soil moisture within the drainage areas of the interior stream gauges and of streamflow at downstream cells along the channel network. To assess performance under more realistic conditions, but still under the assumption of perfectly known hydrometeorological forcing to allow comparisons with the synthetic experiment, an exploratory real-world experiment was carried out in which all other assumptions were lifted. The results show that, expectedly, assimilating interior flows in addition to outlet flow improves analysis as well as prediction of streamflow at stream gauge locations, but that assimilating in situ soil moisture data in addition to streamflow data provides little improvement in streamflow analysis and prediction though it reduces systematic biases in soil moisture simulation. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Haksu] NOAA, NWS, Off Hydrol Dev, Hydrol Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Lee, Haksu; Seo, Dong-Jun] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Lee, H (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, Off Hydrol Dev, Hydrol Lab, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Haksu.Lee@noaa.gov FU National Weather Service (NWS); Climate Program Office (CPO); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Integrated Systems Solutions component of the NASA [NN-H-04-Z-YO-010-Cof] FX This work is supported by the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) program of the National Weather Service (NWS), by the Climate Predictions Program for the Americas (CPPA) of the Climate Program Office (CPO), both of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and by the Integrated Systems Solutions component of the NASA Decision Support through Earth Science Results Cooperative Agreement Notice (CAN) NN-H-04-Z-YO-010-Cof the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA). These supports are gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank the Oklahoma Climatological Survey (OCS) for providing the in situ soil moisture data used in this work, and for Brad Illston of OCS for very helpful discussions. The first author is grateful to Ziya Zhang for providing help with HL-RDHM, to Fekadu Moreda for sharing knowledge and experience with the Oklahoma Mesonet data, and to Yuqiong Liu for critical review. We are also grateful to the four anonymous reviewers for many very helpful comments. NR 65 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1597 EP 1615 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2011.08.012 PG 19 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 864VZ UT WOS:000298269900008 ER PT J AU Ortiz, RA Golub, A Lugovoy, O Markandya, A Wang, J AF Arigoni Ortiz, Ramon Golub, Alexander Lugovoy, Oleg Markandya, Anil Wang, James TI DICER: A tool for analyzing climate policies SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Integrated Impact Assessment Model ID DAMAGE COSTS; MODEL; UNCERTAINTIES AB Modeling the economy and the planet's climate involves a great number of variables and parameters, some of them very uncertain given the current stage of knowledge regarding technology and the science of climate. The DICER model (or DICE-Regional) is a recently constructed Integrated Assessment Model (IAM), based on the structure of the DICE family of models, which was developed as an instrument for the analysis of uncertainties in climate policy. This paper aims to describe the basic version of DICER on which future developments addressing uncertainty in climate policy analysis will be based. Our results suggest a few interesting conclusions when compared to other IAMs: (i) under a plausible set of assumptions and parameters DICER indicates that an optimal global climate policy would imply higher costs of climate change in the short run but a faster (and more expensive) decarbonization process in all regions, resulting in a faster stabilization of the climate; (ii) lower peak temperatures that occur earlier in time; (iii) considerable sensitivity of results to key parameters such as climate sensitivity, but lower than expected sensitivity to the social discount rate. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Arigoni Ortiz, Ramon; Markandya, Anil] BC3 Basque Ctr Climate Change, Bilbao, Spain. [Golub, Alexander] UBS Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Lugovoy, Oleg] EDF Environm Def Fund, Washington, DC USA. [Wang, James] NOAA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Washington, DC USA. RP Ortiz, RA (reprint author), Alameda Urquijo 4,Planta 4, Bilbao 48009, Spain. EM ramon.ortiz@bc3research.org RI Markandya, Anil /K-9381-2013; Azkarate, Ainhoa/K-9087-2013 OI Azkarate, Ainhoa/0000-0003-0471-3094 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 33 SU 1 BP S41 EP S49 DI 10.1016/j.eneco.2011.07.025 PG 9 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 855MU UT WOS:000297569300007 ER PT J AU Eppeldauer, GP Yoon, HW Zeng, J Larason, TC AF Eppeldauer, G. P. Yoon, H. W. Zeng, J. Larason, T. C. TI Comparison of a Detector-Based Near-IR Radiance Scale to an ITS-90 Calibrated Radiation Thermometer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE InGaAs detector; Irradiance responsivity; ITS-90; Near-infrared; Optical radiation; Radiance; Radiance temperature; Radiation thermometer; Spectral responsivity; Temperature scales ID RESPONSIVITY CALIBRATIONS; RADIOMETER AB Integrating-sphere-input InGaAs radiometers (ISIR) have been developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to extend the detector-based calibration of radiation thermometers from the Si range to the near-infrared (NIR). These near-infrared radiometers are used to determine the reference spectral irradiance responsivity scale based on the primary-standard cryogenic radiometer. The irradiance responsivity scale is then propagated to spectral radiance at the exit port of an integrating sphere. The near-infrared radiation thermometer (NIRT) is calibrated using this detector-based radiance scale. The first phase of this research work is reported here where the relative spectral radiance responsivity of the NIRT has been determined using a monochromator-based system. Thereafter, the relative spectral responsivity of the NIRT is converted into an absolute responsivity using the radiances from the Zn fixed point blackbody. Then, the NIRT is used to extend these calibrations for temperature measurements between 157 A degrees C and 1000 A degrees C. The NIRT has also been calibrated in this temperature range using the five, fixed point blackbodies of the ITS-90. The two different calibration approaches for temperature measurements are compared. C1 [Eppeldauer, G. P.; Yoon, H. W.; Zeng, J.; Larason, T. C.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Eppeldauer, GP (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.eppeldauer@nist.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 32 IS 11-12 BP 2197 EP 2205 DI 10.1007/s10765-011-1058-z PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 861GW UT WOS:000298008400003 ER PT J AU Yoon, HW Gibson, CE Eppeldauer, GP Smith, AW Brown, SW Lykke, KR AF Yoon, H. W. Gibson, C. E. Eppeldauer, G. P. Smith, A. W. Brown, S. W. Lykke, K. R. TI Thermodynamic Radiation Thermometry Using Radiometers Calibrated for Radiance Responsivity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Temperature measurement; Thermodynamic temperature; Radiation thermometry; Uncertainty analysis AB Using radiometry, thermodynamic temperatures can be determined by a variety of experimental techniques. Radiometers without imaging optics can be calibrated for spectral power or spectral irradiance responsivity, and radiometers with imaging optics can be calibrated for radiance responsivity. These separate approaches can have different uncertainty components with different uncertainty values. At NIST, thermodynamic radiation thermometry is performed using radiation thermometers calibrated for radiance responsivity using laser-irradiated integrating sphere sources (ISS). The radiance of the ISS is determined using Si-trap detectors whose spectral power responsivity is traceable to the electrical substitution cryogenic radiometer. The radiometric basis of the NIST approach is discussed. The uncertainty budget for the measurements as well as the characterizations to determine the component uncertainty values is listed. C1 [Yoon, H. W.; Gibson, C. E.; Eppeldauer, G. P.; Smith, A. W.; Brown, S. W.; Lykke, K. R.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yoon, HW (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM howard.yoon@nist.gov NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 32 IS 11-12 BP 2217 EP 2229 DI 10.1007/s10765-011-1056-1 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 861GW UT WOS:000298008400005 ER PT J AU Bloembergen, P Hanssen, LM Mekhontsev, SN Castro, P Yamada, Y AF Bloembergen, P. Hanssen, L. M. Mekhontsev, S. N. Castro, P. Yamada, Y. TI A Determination Study of the Cavity Emissivity of the Eutectic Fixed Points Co-C, Pt-C, and Re-C SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Blackbody; Emissivity; Eutectics; Fixed point; Graphite; High temperatures; Monte Carlo modeling ID MONTE-CARLO METHOD AB The eutectics Co-C, Pt-C, and Re-C, with phase transition temperatures of 1597 K, 2011 K, and 2747 K, respectively, are presently investigated for their suitability to serve as reference points for dissemination of T (and T (90)) within the context of the "Mise en pratique of the definition of the Kelvin" (MeP-K) at high temperature. Temperatures are to be measured by means of radiation thermometry of cavity radiators embedded in the associated eutectic. This paper deals with the determination of the cavity spectral effective emissivities, which are influenced by the reflective properties of the graphite constituting the cavity on the one hand, and by the temperature distribution within the cavity and over the radiation-shield structure in front of the cavity, on the other. We have begun a comprehensive effort to determine the cavity effective spectral emissivities at 405 nm and 650 nm. The overall program involves diverse measurements on representative graphite samples, furnace-temperature profile measurements, calculations of temperature distributions, and, finally, based upon this information, calculation of effective emissivity dependencies for cavity radiators. Here we report the current status of the study, including cavity temperature distributions and Monte Carlo modeling results, associated with appropriate steps of the envisaged overall project. For the time being, the modeling assumes current estimates of the graphite emissivity and the bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), which will be updated as experimental data become available. C1 [Hanssen, L. M.; Mekhontsev, S. N.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bloembergen, P.] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. [Castro, P.] Univ Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain. [Yamada, Y.] Adv Ind Inst Sci & Technol, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. RP Hanssen, LM (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8442, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM p.bloembergen@xs4all.nl; hanssen@nist.gov; snm@nist.gov; pablocastroal@yahoo.es; y.yamada@aist.go.jp RI Castro Alonso, Pablo/E-4291-2012 OI Castro Alonso, Pablo/0000-0003-4276-4909 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 32 IS 11-12 BP 2623 EP 2632 DI 10.1007/s10765-011-1077-9 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 861GW UT WOS:000298008400041 ER PT J AU Matrosov, SY AF Matrosov, Sergey Y. TI Polarimetric Radar-Based Estimates of Spatial Variability in Characteristic Sizes of Raindrops in Stratiform Rainfall SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 2D VIDEO DISDROMETER; X-BAND; DISTRIBUTIONS; PRECIPITATION; REFLECTIVITY; ERROR; SHAPE; MODE AB Polarimetric X-band radar measurements of differential reflectivity Z(DR) in stratiform rainfall were used for retrieving mean mass-weighted raindrop diameters D(m) and estimating their spatial variability delta D(m) at different scales. The Z(DR) data were calibrated and corrected for differential attenuation. The results revealed greater variability in D(m) for larger spatial scales. Mean values of delta D(m) were respectively around 0.32-0.34, 0.28-0.30, and 0.24-0.26 mm at scales of 20, 10, and 4.5 km, which are representative of footprints of various spaceborne sensors. For a given spatial scale, delta D(m) decreases when the mean value of D(m) increases. At the 20-km scale the decreasing trend exhibits a factor-of-1.7 decrease of delta D(m) when the average D(m) changes from 1 to 2 mm. Estimation data suggest that this trend diminishes as the spatial scale decreases. Measurement noise and other uncertainties preclude accurate estimations of D(m) variability at smaller spatial scales because for many data points estimated variability values are equal to or less than the expected retrieval errors. Even though they are important for retrievals of absolute values of D(m), the details of the drop shape size relation did not significantly affect estimates of size spatial variability. The polarization cross coupling in simultaneous transmission simultaneous receiving measurement mode presents another limiting factor for accurate estimations of D(m). This factor, however, was not too severe in estimations of the size variability. There are indications that tuning the differential attenuation correction scheme might balance off some possible cross-coupling Z(DR) bias if differential phase accumulation is less than approximately 40 degrees. C1 [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Matrosov, SY (reprint author), R PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sergey.matrosov@noaa.gov FU NOAA HMT [NA17RJ1229] FX This research was funded through the NOAA HMT Project and Grant NA17RJ1229. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 50 IS 12 BP 2514 EP 2525 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-053.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 861LD UT WOS:000298019500011 ER PT J AU Bodine, D Mchaud, D Palmer, RD Heinselman, PL Brotzge, J Gasperoni, N Cheong, BL Xue, M Gao, JD AF Bodine, David Mchaud, Dan Palmer, Robert D. Heinselman, Pamela L. Brotzge, Jerry Gasperoni, Nick Cheong, Boon Leng Xue, Ming Gao, Jidong TI Understanding Radar Refractivity: Sources of Uncertainty SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONVECTION INITIATION; OKLAHOMA MESONET; BOUNDARY-LAYER; RETRIEVAL; MOISTURE; VARIABILITY; FIELDS AB This study presents a 2-yr-long comparison of Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) refractivity retrievals with Oklahoma Mesonetwork ("Mesonet") and sounding measurements and discusses some challenges to implementing radar refractivity operationally. Temporal and spatial analyses of radar refractivity exhibit high correlation with Mesonet data; however, periods of large refractivity differences between the radar and Mesonet are observed. Several sources of refractivity differences are examined to determine the cause of large refractivity differences. One source for nonklystron radars includes magnetron frequency drift, which can introduce errors up to 10 N-units if the frequency drift is not corrected. Different reference maps made at different times can "shift" refractivity values. A semiautomated method for producing reference maps is presented, including trade-offs for making reference maps under different conditions. Refractivity from six Mesonet stations within the clutter domain of the Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, WSR-88D (KTLX) is compared with radar refractivity retrievals. The analysis revealed that the six Mesonet stations exhibited a prominent diurnal trend in differences between radar and Mesonet refractivity measurements. The diurnal range of the refractivity differences sometimes exceeded 20 or 30 N-units in the warm season, which translated to a potential dewpoint temperature difference of several degrees Celsius. A seasonal analysis revealed that large refractivity differences primarily occurred during the warm season when refractivity is most sensitive to moisture. Ultimately, the main factor in determining the magnitude of the differences between the two refractivity platforms is the vertical gradient of refractivity because of the difference in observation height between the radar and a surface station. C1 [Bodine, David; Mchaud, Dan; Palmer, Robert D.; Gasperoni, Nick] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Bodine, David; Mchaud, Dan; Palmer, Robert D.; Gasperoni, Nick; Cheong, Boon Leng] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Heinselman, Pamela L.] NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Brotzge, Jerry; Xue, Ming; Gao, Jidong] Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK USA. RP Palmer, RD (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 5900, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM rpalmer@ou.edu RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011; Bodine, David/B-5023-2014 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238; FU National Science Foundation [ATM0750790]; American Meteorological Society; Engineering Research Centers of the National Science Foundation [0313747] FX Funding for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation through Grant ATM0750790. The first author was supported by an American Meteorological Society Fellowship. The authors acknowledge the Oklahoma Climatological Survey for their work in providing Mesonet datasets and for customizing the NRMN tower to the needs of the experiment. The authors also thank the National Weather Service Radar Operations Center for their work in providing data from KTLX and KFDR throughout this project. This work was partially supported by the Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation under NSF Award 0313747. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Science Foundation. The authors appreciate helpful comments from three anonymous reviewers. The authors also thank Tian-You Yu, Richard Doviak, and Dusan Zrnic for their input during project meetings. The authors also appreciate helpful discussions with Conrad Ziegler about surface layer observations. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 50 IS 12 BP 2543 EP 2560 DI 10.1175/2011JAMC2648.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 861LD UT WOS:000298019500013 ER PT J AU Myers, JM Park, LK Neely, KG Swanson, P Elz, AE Hard, JJ AF Myers, James M. Park, Linda K. Neely, Kathleen G. Swanson, Penny Elz, Anna E. Hard, Jeffrey J. TI Feeding Ration, Genetics, and Reproductive Traits in Female Coho Salmon: Is Bigger Better? SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EGG SIZE VARIATION; PACIFIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; GROWTH; ONCORHYNCHUS; EVOLUTION; HISTORY; FECUNDITY; KISUTCH AB We assessed the effects of different feeding regimes on reproductive traits in coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. Ration treatments subjected fish to different energy levels during oocyte proliferation (Year 1) and oocyte maturation (Year 2). Fish from 10 full-sibling families were fed at either the recommended feeding rate or double the recommended ration during the first year. At the beginning of the second year, each ration group was split again into recommended and double ration tanks for a total of four dietary treatments. At the end of the second year, 365 females from the four treatment groups were spawned and body weight, egg weight, and egg number were measured. Overall, the fish fed the double ration during both years grew the fastest (50.1% larger than controls), had the highest egg number (46.3% larger), and had the largest eggs (9.6% larger), although similar increases were observed feeding at the double ration level during the second year alone. Ration modification produced significant changes in some reproductive traits, especially egg number, while family effects had a greater influence on relative fecundity (eggs/g female body weight) and egg weight. In fact, family effects were significant for all of the traits. Results indicate that reproductive traits can be manipulated through changes in ration and/or via genetic selection, either directly or indirectly. C1 [Myers, James M.; Park, Linda K.; Neely, Kathleen G.; Swanson, Penny; Elz, Anna E.; Hard, Jeffrey J.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Myers, JM (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Washington, DC USA. RI Hard, Jeffrey/C-7229-2009 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 42 IS 6 BP 812 EP 823 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2011.00520.x PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 860GO UT WOS:000297937000007 ER PT J AU Ferdous, F Miao, HX Leaird, DE Srinivasan, K Wang, J Chen, L Varghese, LT Weiner, AM AF Ferdous, Fahmida Miao, Houxun Leaird, Daniel E. Srinivasan, Kartik Wang, Jian Chen, Lei Varghese, Leo Tom Weiner, Andrew M. TI Spectral line-by-line pulse shaping of on-chip microresonator frequency combs SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-FORM GENERATION; PHASE MODULATORS; SPECTROMETER; RESONATOR; LASERS; TIME AB Recently, on-chip comb generation methods based on nonlinear optical modulation in ultrahigh-quality-factor monolithic microresonators have been demonstrated, where two pump photons are transformed into sideband photons in a four-wave-mixing process mediated by Kerr nonlinearity. Here, we investigate line-by-line pulse shaping of such combs generated in silicon nitride ring resonators. We observe two distinct paths to comb formation that exhibit strikingly different time-domain behaviours. For combs formed as a cascade of sidebands spaced by a single free spectral range that spread from the pump, we are able to compress stably to nearly bandwidth-limited pulses. This indicates high coherence across the spectra and provides new data on the high passive stability of the spectral phase. For combs where the initial sidebands are spaced by multiple free spectral ranges that then fill in to give combs with single free-spectral-range spacing, the time-domain data reveal partially coherent behaviour. C1 [Ferdous, Fahmida; Leaird, Daniel E.; Wang, Jian; Varghese, Leo Tom; Weiner, Andrew M.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Miao, Houxun; Srinivasan, Kartik; Chen, Lei] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Miao, Houxun] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Jian; Varghese, Leo Tom; Weiner, Andrew M.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ferdous, F (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 465 Northwestern Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM houxun.miao@nist.gov; amw@purdue.edu RI Wang, Jian/F-3685-2012; Varghese, Leo/M-5396-2013; Miao, Houxun/N-8233-2013; Wang, Jian/A-7781-2016 FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-0925759, ECCS-1102110]; Naval Postgraduate School [N00244-09-1-0068]; National Security Science and Engineering Faculty; NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter Cooperative Agreement FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the comments and suggestions from V. Aksyuk, M. Qi, C. Long and Victor Torres Company, and thank the staff of the CNST Nanofab, particularly R. Kasica, for assistance with electron-beam lithography. This project was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (grants ECCS-0925759 and ECCS-1102110), by the Naval Postgraduate School (grant N00244-09-1-0068) under the National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship programme, and by the NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter Cooperative Agreement. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. NR 39 TC 219 Z9 219 U1 7 U2 81 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD DEC PY 2011 VL 5 IS 12 BP 770 EP 776 DI 10.1038/nphoton.2011.255 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 863DC UT WOS:000298142000020 ER PT J AU Drexler, E Darcis, P McCowan, CN Sowards, JW McColskey, D Siewert, TA AF Drexler, E. Darcis, P. McCowan, C. N. Sowards, J. W. McColskey, D. Siewert, T. A. TI Ductile-Fracture Resistance in X100 Pipeline Welds Measured with CTOA SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Crack Extension; Crack Tip Opening Angle (CTOA); Ductile Fracture; Ductile Tearing; Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ); Submerged Arc Welding (SAW); Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW); Stable Tearing; Welds ID STEELS AB A test for evaluation of resistance to ductile fracture [crack tip opening angle (CTOA)] was found to reveal changes in crack extension through the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and weld interface in X100 pipeline steels. This test provides a long ligament for crack extension data not available in Charpy or drop-weight tear specimens, and is much less expensive than the full-scale burst tests. The ductile-fracture resistance of girth welds, perpendicular to the growing crack, and seam welds and their HAZs, parallel with the crack, were evaluated. Analysis of the data reveals some general differences, such as changes in CTOA and crack extension rate as the crack Moved through the base metal, HAZ, and girth weld material. The values for CTOA were observed to increase and the crack extension rate decreased as the crack moved through the weld and approached the weld interface. The plastic deformation appears to be strongly influenced by the properties and geometry of the narrow HAZ, the weld interface, and the tougher base material. Consequently, the CTOA of the HAZ associated with the girth weld was larger than that of the seam-weld HAZ. It was not possible to obtain CTOA data for the seam weld with the crack parallel within the weld, because the crack immediately diverted out of the weld material into the HAZ. The CTOA values from both girth welds and seam-weld HAZ were smaller than those of the base material. C1 [Drexler, E.; Darcis, P.; McCowan, C. N.; Sowards, J. W.; McColskey, D.; Siewert, T. A.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Drexler, E (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA. EM Drexler@boulder.nist.gov RI Sowards, Jeffrey/D-3521-2012 OI Sowards, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0629-4938 FU U.S. Department of Transportation FX The authors thank the U.S. Department of Transportation for financial support; J. Matthew Treinen, Ryan Johns, Marc Dvorak, and Ross Rentz of NIST for their assistance; and Jim Newman of Mississippi State University and Jim Fekete of NIST for their excellent reviews of the manuscript. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA 550 N W LEJEUNE RD, MIAMI, FL 33126 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 90 IS 12 BP 241S EP 248S PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 861OX UT WOS:000298030200013 ER PT J AU Konrad, CP Olden, JD Lytle, DA Melis, TS Schmidt, JC Bray, EN Freeman, MC Gido, KB Hemphill, NP Kennard, MJ McMullen, LE Mims, MC Pyron, M Robinson, CT Williams, JG AF Konrad, Christopher P. Olden, Julian D. Lytle, David A. Melis, Theodore S. Schmidt, John C. Bray, Erin N. Freeman, Mary C. Gido, Keith B. Hemphill, Nina P. Kennard, Mark J. McMullen, Laura E. Mims, Meryl C. Pyron, Mark Robinson, Christopher T. Williams, John G. TI Large-scale Flow Experiments for Managing River Systems SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rivers; flow experiments; dams; ecosystem management ID YELLOWFISH BARBUS-CAPENSIS; MODIFYING DAM OPERATIONS; FRESH-WATER RELEASE; REGULATED RIVER; ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS; RIPARIAN RESTORATION; ECOLOGICAL RESPONSES; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; EXPERIMENTAL FLOODS; FISH ASSEMBLAGE AB Experimental manipulations of streamflow have been used globally in recent decades to mitigate the impacts of dam operations on river systems. Rivers are challenging subjects for experimentation, because they are open systems that cannot be isolated from their social context. We identify principles to address the challenges of conducting effective large-scale flow experiments. Flow experiments have both scientific and social value when they help to resolve specific questions about the ecological action of flow with a clear nexus to water policies and decisions. Water managers must integrate new information into operating policies for large-scale experiments to be effective. Modeling and monitoring can be integrated with experiments to analyze long-term ecological responses. Experimental design should include spatially extensive observations and well-defined, repeated treatments. Large-scale flow manipulations are only a part of dam operations that affect river systems. Scientists can ensure that experimental manipulations continue to be a valuable approach for the scientifically based management of river systems. C1 [Konrad, Christopher P.] US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA USA. [Konrad, Christopher P.] Nature Conservancy, Tacoma, WA USA. [Olden, Julian D.; Mims, Meryl C.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lytle, David A.; McMullen, Laura E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Melis, Theodore S.] US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Schmidt, John C.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Bray, Erin N.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Freeman, Mary C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. [Gido, Keith B.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Hemphill, Nina P.] US Bur Reclamat, Trinity River Restorat Program, Weaverville, CA USA. [Kennard, Mark J.] Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. [Pyron, Mark] Ball State Univ, Dept Biol, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. [Robinson, Christopher T.] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dept Aquat Ecol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Williams, John G.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Konrad, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA USA. EM cpkonrad@usgs.gov RI Kennard, Mark/C-3425-2008; Gido, Keith/B-5151-2013; Pyron, Mark/D-4572-2011; Bray, Erin/P-3712-2016; OI Kennard, Mark/0000-0003-4383-4999; Pyron, Mark/0000-0003-0451-7827; Bray, Erin/0000-0001-7259-3210; Olden, Julian/0000-0003-2143-1187; Konrad, Christopher/0000-0002-7354-547X; Mims, Meryl/0000-0003-0570-988X FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) [12374]; US Environmental Protection Agency [833834] FX This contribution is based on the international workshop Evaluating Responses of Freshwater Ecosystems to Experimental Water Management, funded by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS Project 12374). The manuscript was improved by comments from Jonathan Higgins, Anne Brasher, and three anonymous reviewers. JDO was funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results program (Grant No. 833834). NR 58 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 63 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD DEC PY 2011 VL 61 IS 12 BP 948 EP 959 DI 10.1525/bio.2011.61.12.5 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 860QC UT WOS:000297961800005 ER PT J AU Lofgren, BM Hunter, TS Wilbarger, J AF Lofgren, Brent M. Hunter, Timothy S. Wilbarger, Jessica TI Effects of using air temperature as a proxy for potential evapotranspiration in climate change scenarios of Great Lakes basin hydrology SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Evapotranspiration; Runoff; Lake levels; Net basin supply ID WATER-RESOURCES; IMPACTS; AVAILABILITY; FORMULATION; EVAPORATION; TRENDS; FLUX; TERM; GCMS AB Hydrologic impacts of climate change are regularly assessed with hydrologic models that use air temperature as a proxy to compute potential evapotranspiration (PET). This approach is taken in the Large Basin Runoff Model (LBRM), which has been used several times for calculation of the runoff from the terrestrial part of the Great Lakes basin under climate change scenarios, with the results widely cited. However, a balance between incoming and outgoing energy, including the latent heat of evaporation, is a fundamental requirement for a land surface, and is not enforced under this approach. For calculating PET and evapotranspiration (ET) in climate change scenarios, we use an energy budget-based approach to adjusting the PET as an alternative that better satisfies conservation of energy. Using this new method, the increase in Er under enhanced greenhouse gas concentrations has reduced magnitude compared to that projected using the air temperature proxy. This results in either a smaller decrease in net basin supply and smaller drop in lake levels than using the temperature proxy, or a reversal to increased net basin supply and higher lake levels. An additional reason not to rely on a temperature proxy relation is that observational evidence demonstrates that the correlation between air temperature and ET (or PET) is restricted to the mean annual cycle of these variables. This brings into question the validity of air temperature as a proxy for PET when considering non-annual variability and secular changes in the climate regime. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Lofgren, Brent M.; Hunter, Timothy S.] NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Wilbarger, Jessica] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Lofgren, BM (reprint author), NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM Brent.Lofgren@noaa.gov; Tim.Hunter@noaa.gov; Jessica_Wilbarger@nps.gov OI Lofgren, Brent/0000-0003-2189-0914 FU International Upper Great Lakes Study; Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX Men Davis provided the Ameriflux data from Park Falls, Wisconsin. Thanks to Chris Milly for advice on interpretation of energy budget output from the GFDL CM2.0. Matt McPherson provided use of CGLRRM. Drew Gronewold, Tom Croley, Frank Quinn, and Carlo DeMarchi were engaged in useful discussions. Thanks to the reviewers and the Associate Editor for helping to clarify the content This work was partially supported by the International Upper Great Lakes Study and the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. This is GLERL Contribution No. 1597. NR 41 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 37 IS 4 BP 744 EP 752 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.09.006 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 860TG UT WOS:000297970000018 ER PT J AU Crozier, LG Scheuerell, MD Zabel, RW AF Crozier, Lisa G. Scheuerell, Mark D. Zabel, Richard W. TI Using Time Series Analysis to Characterize Evolutionary and Plastic Responses to Environmental Change: A Case Study of a Shift toward Earlier Migration Date in Sockeye Salmon SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE climate change; phenology; phenotypic plasticity; Oncorhynchus nerka; return date; run timing ID RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; STATE-SPACE MODELS; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; CHINOOK SALMON; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; COLUMBIA RIVER; PACIFIC SALMON; FRESH-WATER; DIRECTIONAL SELECTION AB Environmental change can shift the phenotype of an organism through either evolutionary or nongenetic processes. Despite abundant evidence of phenotypic change in response to recent climate change, we typically lack sufficient genetic data to identify the role of evolution. We present a method of using phenotypic data to characterize the hypothesized role of natural selection and environmentally driven phenotypic shifts (plasticity). We modeled historical selection and environmental predictors of interannual variation in mean population phenotype using a multivariate state-space model framework. Through model comparisons, we assessed the extent to which an estimated selection differential explained observed variation better than environmental factors alone. We applied the method to a 60-year trend toward earlier migration in Columbia River sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka, producing estimates of annual selection differentials, average realized heritability, and relative cumulative effects of selection and plasticity. We found that an evolutionary response to thermal selection was capable of explaining up to two-thirds of the phenotypic trend. Adaptive plastic responses to June river flow explain most of the remainder. This method is applicable to other populations with time series data if selection differentials are available or can be reconstructed. This method thus augments our toolbox for predicting responses to environmental change. C1 [Crozier, Lisa G.; Scheuerell, Mark D.; Zabel, Richard W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Crozier, LG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM lisa.crozier@noaa.gov RI Crozier, Lisa/E-2248-2012; Zabel, Richard/F-7277-2015; Scheuerell, Mark/N-6683-2016 OI Zabel, Richard/0000-0003-2315-0629; Scheuerell, Mark/0000-0002-8284-1254 NR 115 TC 40 Z9 39 U1 6 U2 85 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 178 IS 6 BP 755 EP 773 DI 10.1086/662669 PG 19 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 854OJ UT WOS:000297503800009 PM 22089870 ER PT J AU MacCrehan, W Moore, S Hancock, D AF MacCrehan, William Moore, Stephanie Hancock, Diane TI Development of SRM 2907 Trace Terrorist Explosives Simulants for the Detection of Semtex and Triacetone Triperoxide SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TATP AB Effective and accurate detection of trace explosives is crucial in the effort to thwart terrorist explosives attacks. A National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard reference material (SRM) has been developed for the evaluation of trace explosives detectors that sample by collection of residue particles using swiping or air filtration. SRM 2907 Trace Terrorist Explosives Simulants consists of two materials individually simulating the residues of the plastic explosive Semtex [for pentaerytritol tetranitrate (PETN)] and the improvised explosive triacetone triperoxide (TATP). Unique challenges were encountered in the development of these materials, including the selection of suitable inert substrates, material preparation, thermal stability testing, and analytical method development. Two independent analytical methods based on liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorbance and mass spectrometric detection, LC-UV and LC/MS, respectively, were developed and used to certify the mass fractions of PETN and TATP. These materials were further evaluated for their suitability on a field swipe-sampled trace explosives detectors based on ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). C1 [MacCrehan, William; Moore, Stephanie; Hancock, Diane] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP MacCrehan, W (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate [HSHQDC-10-00297]; NIST FX The Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate funded the production of the work presented in this material under HSHQDC-10-00297 with NIST. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 23 BP 9054 EP 9059 DI 10.1021/ac201967m PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 854FZ UT WOS:000297481700034 PM 22004378 ER PT J AU Bratkovics, S Sapozhnikova, Y AF Bratkovics, Stephanie Sapozhnikova, Yelena TI Determination of seven commonly used organic UV filters in fresh and saline waters by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; SURFACE WATERS; BATHING WATERS; SWISS LAKES; WASTE-WATER; SUNSCREENS; EXTRACTION; PHARMACEUTICALS; ENVIRONMENT; RESIDUES AB An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of seven of the most widely used organic UV filter compounds in tap and saline waters was developed and validated. Target compounds included oxybenzone, dioxybenzone, sulisobenzone, avobenzone, octocrylene, octinoxate, and padimate-O. Water samples were adjusted to pH 2 prior to solid-phase extraction (SPE) using Oasis HLB 500 mg cartridges. The detection and quantification were performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with positive electrospray ionization (ESI) using Multiple Reaction Monitoring mode (MRM). Calculated recoveries from fortified samples ranged from 74 to 109% with relative standard deviations of 6-25% for fortified tap water samples and from 71 to 111% with relative standard deviations 2-12% for fortified seawater samples, indicating acceptable method accuracy and precision (n = 5). Method reporting limits ranged from 0.5 to 25 ng L(-1) for the seven compounds. Oxybenzone, avobenzone, octocrylene, octinoxate, and padimate-O were detected in seawater samples collected from Folly Beach, South Carolina in the summer of 2010, at concentrations ranging from 10 to 2013 ng L(-1), demonstrating the ability of the developed method to measure target compounds in environmental samples. Oxybenzone and octocrylene were found in the highest concentrations, up to 2013 ng L(-1) and 1409 ng L(-1), respectively. Concentrations for avobenzone, octinoxate, and padimate-O ranged from 62-321 ng L(-1), 30-264 ng L(-1) and <1-111 ng L(-1), respectively, in surface seawater samples (n 4). Dioxybenzone and sulisobenzone were not detected in any samples from the four sites (method reporting limits 1 ng L(-1)). To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting sunscreen compounds in the coastal waters of the U.S.A. C1 [Bratkovics, Stephanie] Coll Charleston, Environm Studies Grad Program, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Sapozhnikova, Yelena] JHT Inc, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Sapozhnikova, Yelena] NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Sapozhnikova, Y (reprint author), USDA Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. FU College of Charleston FX Resources and laboratory space for this study were provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC, USA. We thank NOAA and all staff members at the Fort Johnson campus for graciously providing the space, resources, time and expertise required for the completion of the method development. Also, we thank the College of Charleston for providing financial assistance in support of the project. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 52 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PD DEC PY 2011 VL 3 IS 12 BP 2943 EP 2950 DI 10.1039/c1ay05390f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA 855KD UT WOS:000297562100034 ER PT J AU Wilson, AC Ospelkaus, C VanDevender, AP Mlynek, JA Brown, KR Leibfried, D Wineland, DJ AF Wilson, A. C. Ospelkaus, C. VanDevender, A. P. Mlynek, J. A. Brown, K. R. Leibfried, D. Wineland, D. J. TI A 750-mW, continuous-wave, solid-state laser source at 313 nm for cooling and manipulating trapped Be-9(+) ions SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATORS; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; QUANTUM COMPUTER; BARIUM BORATE; ATOMIC IONS; FREQUENCY; CAVITY; CRYSTALS; LINBO3; BEAMS AB We present a solid-state laser system that generates 750 mW of continuous-wave, single-frequency output at 313 nm. Sum-frequency generation with fiber lasers at 1550 and 1051 nm produces up to 2 W at 626 nm. This visible light is then converted to ultraviolet by cavity-enhanced second-harmonic generation. The laser output can be tuned over a 495-GHz range, which includes the Be-9(+) laser cooling and repumping transitions. This is the first report of a narrow-linewidth laser system with sufficient power to perform fault-tolerant quantum-gate operations with trapped Be-9(+) ions by use of stimulated Raman transitions. C1 [Wilson, A. C.; Ospelkaus, C.; VanDevender, A. P.; Mlynek, J. A.; Brown, K. R.; Leibfried, D.; Wineland, D. J.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ospelkaus, C.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Wilson, AC (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andrew.wilson@nist.gov; christian.ospelkaus@iqo.uni-hannover.de; sig@netdot.net; mlynek@phys.ethz.ch; kenton.brown@nist.gov; dietrich.leibfried@nist.gov; david.wineland@nist.gov RI Ospelkaus, Christian/C-3612-2009 OI Ospelkaus, Christian/0000-0002-4170-2936 FU IARPA; DARPA; NIST FX This work was supported by IARPA, DARPA, and the NIST Quantum Information Program. We thank members of the NIST Ion Storage Group for helpful suggestions and advice, especially Till Rosenband, Ulrich Warring, Yves Colombe, and Robert Jordens. We thank Christian Rahlff at Covesion and Hsiang-Yu Lo at ETH Zurich for helpful discussions. This paper, a submission of NIST, is not subject to US copyright. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 105 IS 4 BP 741 EP 748 DI 10.1007/s00340-011-4771-1 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 854SD UT WOS:000297513600010 ER PT J AU Grell, G Baklanov, A AF Grell, Georg Baklanov, Alexander TI Integrated modeling for forecasting weather and air quality: A call for fully coupled approaches SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Air Quality - Science and Application CY MAR 24-27, 2009 CL Istanbul, TURKEY DE Meteorology; Numerical weather prediction; Air quality forecasting; Chemical weather prediction; Atmospheric chemistry; Aerosols; Clouds; Radiation; Climate; Two-way interactions; Feedback mechanisms; Online integrated air quality - meteorology modeling systems; Atmospheric chemical transport modeling; Chemical data assimilation ID PHASE SIMULATIONS; POLLUTION; SYSTEM; ONLINE; SMOKE AB This paper discusses some of the differences between online and offline approaches for both air quality forecasting and numerical weather prediction, and argues in favor of an eventual migration to integrated modeling systems that allow two-way interactions of physical and chemical processes. Recent studies are used that directly compared online and offline simulations to discuss possible shortcomings for both air quality and weather forecasting. The disadvantages of offline approaches are easy to show for air quality forecasting. On the other hand, a positive impact on short to medium range weather forecasts that is significant enough to justify an implementation at operational weather forecasting centers is more difficult to prove, and may initially only come through an improvement of the meteorological data assimilation. Eventually though, a migration to an integrated modeling system will provide new opportunities for weather prediction modelers as well. The simulation of chemical species will allow identification of shortcomings in currently used forecast models as well as lead to better use of meteorological data assimilation. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Grell, Georg] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Grell, Georg] CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Baklanov, Alexander] DMI, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Grell, G (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Georg.A.Grell@noaa.gov RI grell, georg/B-6234-2015 OI grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742 NR 41 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 45 IS 38 BP 6845 EP 6851 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.01.017 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 854IT UT WOS:000297488900002 ER PT J AU D'Allura, A Kulkarni, S Carmichael, GR Finardi, S Adhikary, B Wei, C Streets, D Zhang, Q Pierce, RB Al-Saadi, JA Diskin, G Wennberg, P AF D'Allura, Alessio Kulkarni, Sarika Carmichael, Gregory R. Finardi, Sandro Adhikary, Bhupesh Wei, Chao Streets, David Zhang, Qiang Pierce, Robert B. Al-Saadi, Jassim A. Diskin, Glenn Wennberg, Paul TI Meteorological and air quality forecasting using the WRF-STEM model during the 2008 ARCTAS field campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Air Quality - Science and Application CY MAR 24-27, 2009 CL Istanbul, TURKEY DE ARCTAS; Arctic; Air quality forecasting; Chemical weather ID DEPOSITION; KNOWLEDGE; CHEMISTRY; SULFATE; MISSION AB In this study, the University of Iowa's Chemical Weather Forecasting System comprising meteorological predictions using the WRF model, and off-line chemical weather predictions using tracer and full chemistry versions of the STEM model, designed to support the flight planning during the ARCTAS 2008 mission is described and evaluated. The system includes tracers representing biomass burning and anthropogenic emissions from different geographical emissions source regions, as well as air mass age indicators. We demonstrate how this forecasting system was used in flight planning and in the interpretation of the experimental data obtained through the case study of the summer mission ARCTAS DC-8 flight executed on July 9 2008 that sampled near the North Pole. The comparison of predicted meteorological variables including temperature, pressure, wind speed and wind direction against the flight observations shows that the WRF model is able to correctly describe the synoptic circulation and cloud coverage in the Arctic region The absolute values of predicted CO match the measured CO closely suggesting that the STEM model is able to capture the variability in observations within the Arctic region. The time altitude cross sections of source region tagged CO tracers along the flight track helped in identifying biomass burning (from North Asia) and anthropogenic (largely China) as major sources contributing to the observed CO along this flight. The difference between forecast and post analysis biomass burning emissions can lead to significant changes (similar to 10-50%) in primary CO predictions reflecting the large uncertainty associated with biomass burning estimates and the need to reduce this uncertainty for effective flight planning. (C) 2011 Elsevier ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [D'Allura, Alessio; Finardi, Sandro] ARIANET, I-20128 Milan, Italy. [Kulkarni, Sarika; Carmichael, Gregory R.; Adhikary, Bhupesh; Wei, Chao] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA USA. [Streets, David; Zhang, Qiang] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pierce, Robert B.] NOAA, NESDIS, Madison, WI USA. [Al-Saadi, Jassim A.; Diskin, Glenn] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Wennberg, Paul] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP D'Allura, A (reprint author), ARIANET, Via Gilino 9, I-20128 Milan, Italy. EM a.dallura@aria-net.it RI Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; wei, chao/E-4379-2011; OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Finardi, Sandro/0000-0002-9772-785X; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU NASA [NNX08AH56G] FX We would like to thank the ARCTAS Measurement Team for permission in using the measurements, CGRER and teh University of Iowa. This work was supported in part by NASA grant NNX08AH56G. We would like to acknowledge Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA for providing the cloud cover satellite composite images centered over the Arctic region. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 45 IS 38 BP 6901 EP 6910 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.02.073 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 854IT UT WOS:000297488900008 ER PT J AU Andrews, E Ogren, JA Bonasoni, P Marinoni, A Cuevas, E Rodriguez, S Sun, JY Jaffe, DA Fischer, EV Baltensperger, U Weingartner, E Coen, MC Sharma, S Macdonald, AM Leaitch, WR Lin, NH Laj, P Arsov, T Kalapov, I Jefferson, A Sheridan, P AF Andrews, E. Ogren, J. A. Bonasoni, P. Marinoni, A. Cuevas, E. Rodriguez, S. Sun, J. Y. Jaffe, D. A. Fischer, E. V. Baltensperger, U. Weingartner, E. Coen, M. Collaud Sharma, S. Macdonald, A. M. Leaitch, W. R. Lin, N. -H. Laj, P. Arsov, T. Kalapov, I. Jefferson, A. Sheridan, P. TI Climatology of aerosol radiative properties in the free troposphere SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Aerosol radiative properties; Free troposphere; Climatology ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; HIGH-ALPINE SITE; SUBTROPICAL NORTHEAST ATLANTIC; FILTER-BASED MEASUREMENTS; VISIBLE-LIGHT ABSORPTION; SINGLE SCATTERING ALBEDO; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; 5079 M A.S.L.; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION AB High altitude mountaintop observatories provide the opportunity to study aerosol properties in the free troposphere without the added expense and difficulty of making airborne measurements. Climatologies for free tropospheric aerosol radiative properties in cloud-free air, including light scattering, light absorption, light extinction, single scattering albedo, Angstrom exponent, hemispheric backscatter fraction and radiative forcing efficiency, from twelve high altitude (2.2-5.1 km) measurement platforms are presented at low relative humidity and at standard temperature and pressure. These climatologies utilize data from ten mountaintop observatories in the 20-50 degrees N latitude band: Mauna Loa, USA; Lulin Mountain, Taiwan: Nepal Climate Observatory Pyramid; Izana, Spain; Mount Waliguan, China; Beo Moussala, Bulgaria; Mount Bachelor, USA: Monte Cimone, Italy; Jungfraujoch, Switzerland; Whistler Mountain, Canada. Results are also included from two multi-year, in-situ aerosol vertical profiling programs: Southern Great Plains, USA and Bondville, USA. The amount of light absorption and scattering observed at these high altitude sites either peaks in the spring or it has a broad spring to summer enhancement. The seasonal variation of the aerosol single scattering albedo, backscatter fraction and Angstrom exponent changes from site to site but the timing can be related to aerosol sources and transport processes known to impact the individual sites. The seasonal variation of in-situ aerosol light extinction from these high altitude measurements is in excellent agreement with extinction values derived from CALIPSO lidar measurements. Analysis of the systematic variability among in-situ aerosol properties shows that these relationships can be used to infer aerosol types. In particular, the relationship between single scattering albedo and Angstrom exponent can indicate the presence of dust aerosol. Radiative forcing efficiency (RFE = aerosol forcing/aerosol optical depth) is used to C1 [Andrews, E.; Ogren, J. A.; Jefferson, A.; Sheridan, P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Andrews, E.; Jefferson, A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bonasoni, P.; Marinoni, A.] ISAC CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Cuevas, E.; Rodriguez, S.] Joint Res Unit CSIC Studies Atmospher Pollut, Izana Atmospher Res Ctr, AEMET, Santa Cruz De Tenerife 38071, Canary Islands, Spain. [Sun, J. Y.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Key Lab Atmospher Chem, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Jaffe, D. A.; Fischer, E. V.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fischer, E. V.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Baltensperger, U.; Weingartner, E.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Coen, M. Collaud] MeteoSwiss, Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol, CH-1530 Payerne, Switzerland. [Sharma, S.; Macdonald, A. M.; Leaitch, W. R.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Lin, N. -H.] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Chungli 320, Taiwan. [Laj, P.] UJF Grenoble 1 CNRS, LGGE UMR 5183, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Arsov, T.; Kalapov, I.] Inst Nucl Energy Res, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. RP Andrews, E (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM betsy.andrews@noaa.gov RI Weingartner, Ernest/B-6793-2009; Collaud Coen, Martine/I-5607-2012; Jefferson, Anne/K-4793-2012; Fischer, Emily/G-9478-2012; Fischer, Emily/K-7330-2015; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015; Bonasoni, Paolo/C-6338-2015; Cuevas, Emilio/L-2109-2013; Rodriguez, Sergio/J-5365-2015 OI Weingartner, Ernest/0000-0002-2427-4634; Fischer, Emily/0000-0001-8298-3669; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583; Bonasoni, Paolo/0000-0002-8812-5291; Cuevas, Emilio/0000-0003-1843-8302; Rodriguez, Sergio/0000-0002-1727-3107 FU Environmental Management group of Whistler-Blackcomb; National Science Foundation [ATM-0724327]; Department of Energy; Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain [CSD2007-00067]; Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) of the World Meteorological Organization; EU; European Commission; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Project [2009DFA22800]; National Basic Research Program of China [2011CB403401]; CAMS [2010Z002] FX Co-operation and support from the Environmental Management group of Whistler-Blackcomb is gratefully acknowledged. We thank the site operators, Juniper Buller and Anton Horvath, the maintenance staff, lift operators and members of ski patrol. We also thank Dave Halpin for technical support.; Support for the Mount Bachelor Observatory was provided by the National Science Foundation under grant ATM-0724327. Emily V. Fischer was supported by a Department of Energy Graduate Research Environmental Fellowship.; Measurements at Izana were made within the project GRACCIE (CSD2007-00067; Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain).; We thank the International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat (HFSJG), which made it possible to carry out the experiments at the High Altitude Research Station at the Jungfraujoch. This work was supported by MeteoSwiss within the Swiss program of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) of the World Meteorological Organization as well as the EU FP6 project EUSAAR.; Monte Cimone data presented here benefited from measurements performed within the European Commission funded FP6-EUSAAR Integrated Infrastructure Initiative.; This work at Mt. Waliguan was supported by The China International Science and Technology Cooperation Project (2009DFA22800), National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB403401), and key project of CAMS (2010Z002). The authors would also like to thank the staff of China GAW Baseline Observatory (Mt. Waliguan) for operating and maintaining the instruments at the station. NR 107 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 69 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 102 IS 4 BP 365 EP 393 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.08.017 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 859SO UT WOS:000297896300001 ER PT J AU Zhu, MJ Lakshmanan, V Zhang, PF Hong, Y Cheng, KS Chen, S AF Zhu, Meijun Lakshmanan, Valliappa Zhang, Pengfei Hong, Yang Cheng, Kesong Chen, Sheng TI Spatial verification using a true metric SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Model verification ID EUCLIDEAN DISTANCE TRANSFORMATION; FORECAST VERIFICATION; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; SCORE; NWP AB Verifying high-resolution forecasts is challenging because forecasts can be considered good by their end-users even when there is no pixel-to-pixel correspondence between the forecast and the verification fields. Many of the verification methods that have been proposed to address the verification of high-resolution forecasts are based on filtering, warping or searching within a neighborhood of pixels in the forecast and/or the verification fields in order to retain the capability to use a simple metric. This is because it is necessary for a verification score to be a metric to allow comparisons of forecasts. In this paper, we devise a computationally simple scalar spatial verification metric that is capable of ordering forecasts without preprocessing the fields. The metric is based on the insight that in the verification problem, the observation field can be considered a reference field that forecast fields are ordered against. This new metric is demonstrated on synthetic and real model forecasts of precipitation. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Zhang, Pengfei] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM mzhu@ou.edu; lakshman@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU NOAA-OU [NA17RJ1227] FX Funding for Lakshmanan and Zhang was provided under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227.Zhu would like to thank Biqun Chen for valuable discussion which leads to current form of Eq. 8. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 102 IS 4 BP 408 EP 419 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.09.004 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 859SO UT WOS:000297896300003 ER PT J AU Li, XF Shen, XY Liu, J AF Li, Xiaofan Shen, Xinyong Liu, Jia TI A partitioning analysis of tropical rainfall based on cloud budget SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Rainfall partitioning; Cloud budget; Net condensation; Hydrometeor change/convergence; Cloud-resolving model simulation ID DEEP CONVECTIVE REGIME; STORM BILIS 2006; SUMMER HEAVY RAINFALL; PRECIPITATION EFFICIENCY; STRATIFORM REGIONS; RADIATION INTERACTION; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; EQUILIBRIUM STATES; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; FRONTAL RAINBANDS AB Precipitation in the deep tropical convective regime is investigated through the partitioning analysis of grid-scale data from a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation based on cloud budget. The model is forced by large-scale vertical velocity, zonal wind, horizontal advection, and sea surface temperature observed and derived from TOGA COARE. In cloud budget, rainfall is associated with cloud microphysical processes denoted by the net condensation and dynamical processes denoted by hydrometeor change/convergence. Thus, three rainfall types are separated in this scheme. Time-mean analysis shows that the rainfall type associated with hydrometeor loss/convergence only accounts for 27% of total rainfall, which corresponds to downward motions and downward water vapor and hydrometeor mass flux in the mid and lower troposphere. The two other rainfall types associated with the net condensation contribute equally to total rainfall (36%), which are generally related to upward motions and upward water vapor and hydrometeor mass flux throughout the troposphere. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Shen, Xinyong; Liu, Jia] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 712, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Xiaofan.li@noaa.gov RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 FU National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China [2011CB403405]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40775033]; Chinese Special Scientific Research Project for Public Interest [GYHY200806009]; Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China [2009] FX The authors thank Dr. W.-K. Tao at NASA/GSFC for his cloud resolving model, Prof. M. Zhang SUNY, Stony brook for his TOGA COARE forcing data. Prof. X. Shen and Ms. J. Liu were supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China under Grant no. 2011CB403405, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant no. 40775033, the Chinese Special Scientific Research Project for Public Interest under Grant no. GYHY200806009, and the Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China under Grant no. 2009. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U. S. Government. NR 60 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 102 IS 4 BP 444 EP 451 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.09.010 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 859SO UT WOS:000297896300006 ER PT J AU Schaffer, K AF Schaffer, Kim TI Are Password Requirements too Difficult? SO COMPUTER LA English DT Editorial Material AB It might be prudent to enhance password mechanisms while training users to take the additional responsibility of managing passwords. C1 NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schaffer, K (reprint author), NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kim.schaffer@nist.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD DEC PY 2011 VL 44 IS 12 BP 90 EP 92 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 855RD UT WOS:000297581000022 ER PT J AU Beaudreau, AH Levin, PS Norman, KC AF Beaudreau, Anne H. Levin, Phillip S. Norman, Karma C. TI Using folk taxonomies to understand stakeholder perceptions for species conservation SO CONSERVATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; endangered species; folk taxonomy; perceptions; Sebastes; species concept; stakeholder ID ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE; CATEGORIZATION; BIODIVERSITY; ANTHROPOLOGY; SIMILARITY; JUDGMENTS; BIOLOGY; EXPERTS; FISH; TREE AB We used folk biological classification as a framework for understanding stakeholder perceptions of marine species diversity and its potential consequences for conservation in Puget Sound, Washington. Respondents (N= 99) classified 46 marine species into folk taxonomies, which diverged substantially from a scientific taxonomy. Variation in folk taxonomy structure was related to respondents expertise, suggesting that the ways in which people sampled or observed the marine environment led to different perceptions of species diversity within it. Differences in the degree of aggregation among taxa supported the notion that culturally important species are more identifiable. We focused on rockfishes (Sebastes spp.), long-lived species of conservation concern, to demonstrate how different views of biodiversity could lead to divergent perceptions of risk to rockfish populations. Understanding the connection between people's values, goals, and experience and their underlying views of species diversity may help to reconcile differences between stakeholder and scientific perspectives. C1 [Beaudreau, Anne H.; Levin, Phillip S.; Norman, Karma C.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Beaudreau, Anne H.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Beaudreau, AH (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM annebeau@uw.edu FU Fidalgo Chapter of the Puget Sound Anglers Association; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; NOAA Fisheries FX This research was supported by the Fidalgo Chapter of the Puget Sound Anglers Association, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and NOAA Fisheries. We are grateful to the study participants who volunteered their time and knowledge to this research. We thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful contributions to the manuscript. The study was conducted in compliance with the University of Washington Human Subjects Division and adhered to the ethical standards established by the American Sociological Association for social science research. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-263X J9 CONSERV LETT JI Conserv. Lett. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 4 IS 6 BP 451 EP 463 DI 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2011.00199.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 856IO UT WOS:000297633100006 ER PT J AU Lombardi, MA AF Lombardi, Michael A. TI The Evolution of Time Measurement, Part 3: Atomic Clocks SO IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID STANDARDS; HISTORY C1 [Lombardi, Michael A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lombardi, MA (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.lombardi@nist.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1094-6969 J9 IEEE INSTRU MEAS MAG JI IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 14 IS 6 BP 46 EP 49 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 857GI UT WOS:000297705400009 ER PT J AU Schooley, JF AF Schooley, James F., Sr. TI "How Long Is It, Really?" SO IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Schooley, James F., Sr.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schooley, JF (reprint author), NIST Stand Alumni Assoc, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jmaschooley@comcast.net NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1094-6969 J9 IEEE INSTRU MEAS MAG JI IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 14 IS 6 BP 50 EP 53 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 857GI UT WOS:000297705400010 ER PT J AU Martinez-Ballester, S Corberan, JM Gonzalvez-Macia, J Domanski, PA AF Martinez-Ballester, Santiago Corberan, Jose-M. Gonzalvez-Macia, Jose Domanski, Piotr A. TI Impact of classical assumptions in modelling a microchannel gas cooler SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International-Institute-of-Refrigeration(IIR) International Congress of Refrigeration CY AUG 21-26, 2011 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Int Inst Refrigerat (IIR) DE Heat exchanger; Modelling; Simulation; Microchannel; Fin; Gas cooler ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; HEAT-EXCHANGERS; CONDUCTION; FINS AB Most of the current air-to-refrigerant heat exchanger models use the classic epsilon-NTU approach, or some of its assumptions. These models do not account for longitudinal heat conduction in the tube and the fin, and the heat conduction between different tubes. This paper presents a more fundamental numerical approach to heat exchanger modelling which takes into account the 2D longitudinal heat conduction in any element, does not apply the fin theory, and captures a more detailed representation of air properties. Using the fundamental numerical approach, the paper assesses the impact of the traditional heat exchanger model assumptions when modelling a microchannel gas cooler working with CO(2). The study revealed significant differences in capacity predictions depending on the epsilon-NTU relationship adopted. Large errors in capacity prediction of individual tubes occurred due to the adiabatic-fin-tip assumption when the neighbouring tubes were of different temperature. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved. C1 [Martinez-Ballester, Santiago; Corberan, Jose-M.; Gonzalvez-Macia, Jose] Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Ingn Energet, Valencia 46022, Spain. [Domanski, Piotr A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, HVAC&R Equipment Performance Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Martinez-Ballester, S (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Ingn Energet, Camino Vera S-N, Valencia 46022, Spain. EM sanmarba@iie.upv.es RI Gonzalvez Macia, Jose/O-6130-2014; OI Gonzalvez Macia, Jose/0000-0001-9422-7756; Corberan, Jose M./0000-0001-7237-5993; Martinez-Ballester, Santiago/0000-0003-0210-3532 NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7007 J9 INT J REFRIG JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid PD DEC PY 2011 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1898 EP 1910 DI 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2011.07.005 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 858TV UT WOS:000297826500020 ER PT J AU Alfaro-Shigueto, J Mangel, JC Bernedo, F Dutton, PH Seminoff, JA Godley, BJ AF Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna Mangel, Jeffrey C. Bernedo, Francisco Dutton, Peter H. Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Godley, Brendan J. TI Small-scale fisheries of Peru: a major sink for marine turtles in the Pacific SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BPUE; bycatch; Peru; small-scale fisheries; turtles ID SEA-TURTLES; LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; PELAGIC LONGLINES; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; INCIDENTAL CAPTURE; NET FISHERIES; BYCATCH; REDUCE; MORTALITY; OCEAN AB 1. Over the last few decades, evidence of marine vertebrate bycatch has been collected for a range of industrial fisheries. It has recently been acknowledged that large impacts may also result from similar interactions with small-scale fisheries (SSF) due largely to their diffuse effort and large number of vessels in operation. Marine mammals, seabirds, turtles as well as some shark species have been reported as being impacted by SSF worldwide. 2. From 2000 to 2007, we used both shore-based and onboard observer programmes from three SSF ports in Peru to assess the impact on marine turtles of small-scale longline, bottom set nets and driftnet fisheries. 3. We reported a total of 807 sea turtles captured, 91.8% of which were released alive. For these three sites alone, we estimated c. 5900 turtles captured annually (3200 loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta, 2400 green turtles Chelonia mydas, 240 olive ridleys Lepidochelys olivacea and 70 leatherback turtles Dermochelys coriacea). 4. SSF in Peru are widespread and numerous (>100 ports, >9500 vessels, >37 000 fishers), and our observed effort constituted c. 1% of longline and net deployments. We suggest that the number of turtles captured per year is likely to be in the tens of thousands. Thus, the impacts of Peruvian SSF have the potential to severely impact sea turtles in the Pacific especially green, loggerhead and leatherback turtles. 5. Implications of the human use of turtle products as 'marine bushmeat' are also raised as an important issue. Although such utilization is illegal, it is difficult to foresee how it can be managed without addressing the constraints to the livelihoods of those depending almost entirely on coastal resources. 6. Syntheses and applications. Our analysis demonstrates that, despite logistical challenges, it is feasible to estimate the bycatch per unit of effort in SSF by combining methods that account for fishing effort and bycatch, such as using onboard and shore-based observers. We highlight sea turtle bycatch in SSF in the southeast Pacific as a major conservation concern but also suggest possible paths for mitigation. C1 [Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna; Mangel, Jeffrey C.; Godley, Brendan J.] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Marine Turtle Res Grp, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England. [Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna; Mangel, Jeffrey C.; Bernedo, Francisco] Pro Delphinus, Lima 11, Peru. [Dutton, Peter H.; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Godley, BJ (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Marine Turtle Res Grp, Cornwall Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England. EM b.j.godley@exeter.ac.uk RI godley, brendan/A-6139-2009 OI godley, brendan/0000-0003-3845-0034 FU NOAA SWFSC [PO40JGNF000275, PO40JGNF000415, PO40JGNF056132, AB133F-03-SE-1199, AB133F-05-SE-4937]; NFWF [2001-0013-004, 2002-0084-007, 2003-0121-004, 2008-0064-007]; Oak Foundation through the CMC at Duke University; Darwin Initiative Sustainable Artisanal Fisheries Initiative in Peru FX We thank the members of the fishing communities who participated in this study, in particular the fishers who were willing to have an observer onboard. We thank Dr. Rebecca Lewison, Dr. Bryan Wallace and the editor for their helpful comments on the manuscript. We acknowledge Pro Delphinus staff: Caceres, Pajuelo, Cuentas, Montes and Mamani, for their help in data collection. This study was conducted with funds received from NOAA SWFSC (PO40JGNF000275, PO40JGNF000415, PO40JGNF056132, AB133F-03-SE-1199 and AB133F-05-SE-4937), NFWF (2001-0013-004, 2002-0084-007, 2003-0121-004 and 2008-0064-007), the Oak Foundation through the CMC at Duke University and the Darwin Initiative Sustainable Artisanal Fisheries Initiative in Peru. JCM and JAS are ORSAS and Exeter University scholarship awardees, respectively. NR 74 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 6 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1432 EP 1440 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02040.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 853HH UT WOS:000297416300013 ER PT J AU Perkins, RA Huber, ML AF Perkins, Richard A. Huber, Marcia L. TI Measurement and Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234yf) and trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze(E)) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID HOT-WIRE METHOD; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; CRITICAL REGION; FLUIDS; STATE; PRESSURES; EQUATION AB New experimental data on the thermal conductivity of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234yf) and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze(E)) are reported that allow the development of wide-range correlations. These new experimental data, covering a temperature range of (242 to 344) K for R1234yf and (203 to 344) K for R1234ze(E) at a pressure range of (0.1 to 23) MPa, are used to develop correlations for the thermal conductivity. The experimental data reported here have an uncertainty of less than 1 % for liquid measurements and for gas at pressures above 1 MPa, increasing to 3 % for gas at low pressures (less than 1 MPa). On the basis of the uncertainty of and comparisons with the present data, the thermal-conductivity correlations for R1234yf and R1234ze(E) are estimated to have relative expanded uncertainties of 3 % at a 95 % confidence level. C1 [Perkins, Richard A.; Huber, Marcia L.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Perkins, RA (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM richard.perkins@nist.gov OI Perkins, Richard/0000-0002-8526-6742 NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD DEC PY 2011 VL 56 IS 12 BP 4868 EP 4874 DI 10.1021/je200811n PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 856AO UT WOS:000297608800082 ER PT J AU Noren, SR Redfern, JV Edwards, EF AF Noren, Shawn R. Redfern, Jessica V. Edwards, Elizabeth F. TI Pregnancy is a drag: hydrodynamics, kinematics and performance in pre- and post-parturition bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cetacean; drag coefficient; locomotion; mechanics; morphology; odontocete; speed; stroke amplitude; stroke frequency; swimming ID SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; ODONTOCETE CETACEANS; REPRODUCTIVE COSTS; DELPHINUS-DELPHIS; METABOLIC-RATE; PARENTAL CARE; SPEED; BEHAVIOR; ENERGETICS; PREDATION AB Constraints on locomotion could be an important component of the cost of reproduction as carrying an increased load associated with eggs or developing fetuses may contribute to decreased locomotor performance for females across taxa and environments. Diminished performance could increase susceptibility to predation, yet the mechanism(s) by which gravidity and pregnancy affect locomotion remains largely unexplored. Here we demonstrate that morphology, hydrodynamics and kinematics were altered during pregnancy, providing a mechanism for diminished locomotor performance in two near-term pregnant (10 days pre-parturition) bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Near-term pregnancy resulted in a 51 +/- 14% increase in frontal surface area, coinciding with dramatic increases in drag forces while gliding. For example, pregnant females encountered 80 N of drag at 1.7 m s(-1) whereas that magnitude of drag was not encountered until speed doubled for females 18 months post-parturition. Indeed, drag coefficients based on frontal surface area were significantly greater during pregnancy (C(d,F)=0.22 +/- 0.04) than at 18 months post-parturition (C(d,F)=0.09 +/- 0.01). Pregnancy also induced a gait change as stroke amplitude and distance per stroke were reduced by 13 and 14%, respectively, compared with non-pregnant periods (1-24 months post-parturition). This was concomitant with a 62 and 44% reduction in mean and maximum swim speeds, respectively, during the pregnancy period. Interestingly, attack speeds of known predators of dolphins surpass maximum speeds for the pregnant dolphins in this study. Thus, pregnant dolphins may be more susceptible to predation. This study demonstrates unequivocally that changes in morphology, hydrodynamics and kinematics are associated with diminished performance during pregnancy in dolphins. C1 [Noren, Shawn R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Redfern, Jessica V.; Edwards, Elizabeth F.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Noren, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Ctr Ocean Hlth, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM snoren@biology.ucsc.edu FU Protected Resources Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Association [AB133F09SE3790, NFFR7000-9-18726]; Dolphin Quest FX Funding for this project was provided by the Protected Resources Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Association [contract order AB133F09SE3790, ref. no. NFFR7000-9-18726 to S.R.N.]. We are indebted to Dolphin Quest, particularly to J. Sweeney and R. Stone, for providing additional funding. NR 70 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 34 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 214 IS 24 BP 4151 EP 4159 DI 10.1242/jeb.059121 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 856ZU UT WOS:000297684200014 PM 22116757 ER PT J AU Kaplan, ML Vellore, RK Lewis, JM Young, M AF Kaplan, Michael L. Vellore, Ramesh K. Lewis, John M. Young, Matthew TI The role of unbalanced mesoscale circulations in dust storms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SEVERE WEATHER OUTBREAK; GRAVITY-WAVE EVENT; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; BALANCE EQUATION; TORNADO OUTBREAK; JETLET FORMATION; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; SQUALL LINE; PART I; MODEL AB In this study, two dust storms in northwestern Nevada (February 2002 and April 2004) are investigated through the use of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations. The focus of the study is twofold: (1) Examination of dynamic processes on the meso-beta scale for both cases, and (2) analysis of extreme upper-air cooling prior to storm formation and the development of a nearly discontinuous gust front in the 2002 case that could not be validated in an earlier synoptic-scale study. Results of the simulations suggest that the driving mechanism for dust storm dynamics derives from the breakdown and subsequent balance between the advection of geostrophic wind and total wind in the exit region of the polar jet. In this process, the deviation from quasi-geostrophic (Q-G) balance creates a plume of ascent along and to the right of the jet's exit region. The cold pool generation in the mid-lower troposphere in consequence of this adjustment sets up the kinetic energy in the planetary boundary layer and creates a forward leaning (slope from north to south) cold front under the jet exit region. Surface heating is coupled with this frontal structure, and rapid surface pressure falls (rises) occur initially (later) in response to diabatic (adiabatic) processes. The adjustments occur at fast time scales, scales that are radically different from those in studies that followed the Q-G tenets of the Danielsen paradigm. The results of this study indicate that meso-beta scale features associated with subgeostrophy in the exit region of the curved jet aloft and associated thermal wind imbalance (700-500 hPa) lead to significant velocity divergence aloft. Mass/momentum adjustments and the associated cooling strengthen the baroclinic zone aloft. The restoration to thermal wind balance accompanying this cooling resulted in a narrow zone of surface pressure rise and strong low-level isallobaric winds. The turbulent momentum for dust ablation comes from this sequence of processes. C1 [Kaplan, Michael L.; Vellore, Ramesh K.; Lewis, John M.; Young, Matthew] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Young, Matthew] USN, Fleet Weather Ctr, Fallon, NV 89496 USA. [Vellore, Ramesh K.] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Ctr Climate Change Res, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Lewis, John M.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Kaplan, ML (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM mike.kaplan@dri.edu FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-08-1-0451] FX Support for this work for Ramesh Vellore and John Lewis came from Office of Naval Research (ONR) grant N00014-08-1-0451. The authors acknowledge Darko Koracin, the principal investigator of this ONR project, who encouraged pursuing this research. The authors also would like to acknowledge Steven Cohn of the NCAR for providing the Reno, Nevada, sounding data set from the NSF sponsored field campaign at Reno in 2002. The authors also thank Mark Stoelinga, and Travis McCord for providing assistance in making the plots. Benjamin Hatchett and Michelle Breckner are acknowledged for providing the surface observations at Bluewing Mountain, Nevada. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 1 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D23101 DI 10.1029/2011JD016218 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 856PF UT WOS:000297654500001 ER PT J AU Sebree, JA Plusquellic, DF Zwier, TS AF Sebree, Joshua A. Plusquellic, David F. Zwier, Timothy S. TI Spectroscopic characterization of structural isomers of naphthalene: 1-Phenyl-1-butyn-3-ene SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Naphthalene isomers; Vibronic coupling; Phenylvinylacetylene ID AB-INITIO; PHENYLACETYLENE; (E)-PHENYLVINYLACETYLENE; MECHANISMS; TRANSITION; DENSITY; STYRENE; SYSTEM AB Laser induced fluorescence (LIF), single vibronic level dispersed fluorescence (DFL) spectra, and high resolution rotationally resolved scans of the S(0)-S(1) transition of the C(10)H(8) isomer 1-phenyl-1-butyn-3-ene have been recorded under jet-cooled conditions. The S(0)-S(1) origin of PAV at 34922 cm(-1) is very weak. A vibronic band located 464.0 above the origin, assigned as 30(0)(1), dominates the LIF excitation spectrum, with intensity arising from vibronic coupling with the S(2) state. High resolution scans of the S(0)-S(1) origin and 3010 vibronic bands determine that the former is a 65:35 a:b hybrid band, while 30(0)(1) is a pure a-type band, confirming the role for vibronic coupling and identifying the coupled state as the S(2) state. DFL spectra of all vibronic bands in the first 800 cm(-1) of the spectrum were recorded. A near-complete assignment of the vibronic structure in both S(0) and S(1) states is obtained. Herzberg-Teller vibronic coupling is carried by two vibrations, v(28) and v(30), involving in-plane deformations of the vinylacetylene side chain, leading to Duschinsky mixing evident in the intensities of transitions in excitation and DFL spectra. Extensive Duschinsky mixing is also present among the lowest five out-of-plane vibrational modes, involving motion of the side chain. Comparison with the results of DFT B3LYP and TDDFT calculations with a 6-311+G(d,p) basis set confirm and strengthen the assignments. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zwier, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47909 USA. [Plusquellic, David F.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sebree, Joshua A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Zwier, TS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47909 USA. EM zwier@purdue.edu RI Sebree, Josh/F-2423-2012 OI Sebree, Josh/0000-0001-9612-8532 FU NASA [NNX10AB89G] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the NASA Planetary Atmospheres program under Grant NNX10AB89G for this research. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 270 IS 2 BP 98 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2011.10.001 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 859VL UT WOS:000297903800002 ER PT J AU Hougen, JT Coudert, LH AF Hougen, Jon T. Coudert, Laurent H. TI Reexamination of the C2H3+ microwave and infrared spectra SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE C2H3+; Barrier height; Hydrogen migration; Protonated acetylene; Rotational spectrum; Tunneling splittings; Vibrational spectrum ID PROTONATED ACETYLENE C2H3+; TUNNELING SPLITTINGS; INTERNAL-ROTATION; WATER DIMER; SPECTROSCOPY AB The high-resolution infrared spectrum of C2H3+ recorded in the 3 mu CH stretching region (J. Phys. Chem. 99 (1995) 15611-15623) is re-analyzed using an effective internal axis method (IAM) Hamiltonian to account for tunneling splittings associated with the large amplitude hydrogen migration motion. The line position analysis carried out with this approach allows us to fit 63% of the data with a standard deviation of 0.05 cm(-1), using eight parameters, including the band center, five semi-rigid-rotor spectroscopic constants, and two parameters describing the magnitude of the tunneling splitting and its rotational dependence. The rotational dependence of the observed tunneling splittings is described by an angular offset theta, which can also be calculated theoretically from ab initio equilibrium and transition-state structures already in the literature. The agreement between fitted and calculated values of theta, as well as agreement with the value determined from a previous treatment of splittings in the vibrational ground state, gives strong support for the validity of the model. Additional support is provided by the barrier height of 1488 cm(-1) determined here from the ground state splittings, which agrees well with an ab initio estimate of 1300 +/- 450 cm(-1). The principal problem in the present treatment of the infrared data is the fact that observed minus calculated residuals for 37% of the assigned lines are greater than 0.05 cm(-1). This is believed to be due to random perturbations by dark states. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hougen, Jon T.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Coudert, Laurent H.] Univ Paris 12, LISA, CNRS, UMR 7583, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Coudert, Laurent H.] Univ Paris 07, F-94010 Creteil, France. RP Hougen, JT (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jon.hougen@nist.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 270 IS 2 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2011.09.005 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 859VL UT WOS:000297903800006 ER PT J AU Guha, S Pease, LF Brorson, KA Tarlov, MJ Zachariah, MR AF Guha, Suvajyoti Pease, Leonard F., III Brorson, Kurt A. Tarlov, Michael J. Zachariah, Michael R. TI Evaluation of electrospray differential mobility analysis for virus particle analysis: Potential applications for biomanufacturing SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Electrospray; Differential mobility analyzer; Virus; ICH Q2; Gas phase electrophoretic molecular mobility analysis (GEMMA) ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ION-MOBILITY; COMPLEXES; PROTEINS; SIZE; IDENTIFICATION; NANOPARTICLES; IONIZATION AB The technique of electrospray differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA) was examined as a potential potency assay for routine virus particle analysis in biomanufacturing environments (e.g., evaluation of vaccines and gene delivery products for lot release) in the context of the International Committee of Harmonisation (ICH) Q2 guidelines. ES-DMA is a rapid particle sizing method capable of characterizing certain aspects of the structure (such as capsid proteins) and obtaining complete size distributions of viruses and virus-like particles. It was shown that ES-DMA can distinguish intact virus particles from degraded particles and measure the concentration of virus particles when calibrated with nanoparticles of known concentration. The technique has a measurement uncertainty of approximate to 120%, is linear over nearly 3 orders of magnitude, and has a lower limit of detection of approximate to 10(9) particles/mL This quantitative assay was demonstrated for non-enveloped viruses. It is expected that ES-DMA will be a useful method for applications involving production and quality control of vaccines and gene therapy vectors for human use. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guha, Suvajyoti; Pease, Leonard F., III; Tarlov, Michael J.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pease, Leonard F., III] Univ Utah, Dept Chem Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Pease, Leonard F., III] Univ Utah, Dept Pharmaceut & Pharmaceut Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Pease, Leonard F., III] Univ Utah, Dept Internal Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Brorson, Kurt A.] US FDA, CDER, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn Chem & Biochem, 2125 Glenn L Martin Hall,Bldg 088, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu OI Guha, Suvajyoti/0000-0002-7622-2721 NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD DEC PY 2011 VL 178 IS 1-2 BP 201 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.09.012 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 853UQ UT WOS:000297451600028 PM 21963394 ER PT J AU Brinson, RG Szakal, AL Marino, JP AF Brinson, Robert G. Szakal, Andrea L. Marino, John P. TI Structural Characterization of the Viral and cRNA Panhandle Motifs from the Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; ORTHOMYXO-LIKE VIRUS; RNA-POLYMERASE; ATLANTIC SALMON; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; PROMOTER ELEMENTS; BASE-PAIRS; SALAR L.; TRANSCRIPTION; REPLICATION AB Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) has emerged as a virus of great concern to the aquaculture industry since it can lead to highly contagious and lethal infections in farm-raised salmon populations. While little is known about the transcription/replication cycle of ISAV, initial evidence suggests that it follows molecular mechanisms similar to those found in other orthomyxoviruses, which include the highly pathogenic influenza A (inf A) virus. During the life cycle of orthomyxoviruses, a panhandle structure is formed by the pairing of the conserved 5' and 3' ends of each genomic RNA. This structural motif serves both as a promoter of the viral RNA (vRNA)-dependent RNA polymerase and as a regulatory element in the transcription/replication cycle. As a first step toward characterizing the structure of the ISAV panhandle, here we have determined the secondary structures of the vRNA and the cRNA panhandles on the basis of solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and thermal melting data. The vRNA panhandle is distinguished by three noncanonical U . G pairs and one U . U pair in two stem helices that are linked by a highly stacked internal loop. For the cRNA panhandle, a contiguous stem helix with a protonated C . A pair near the terminus and tandem downstream U . U pairs was found. The observed noncanonical base pairs and base stacking features of the ISAV RNA panhandle motif provide the first insight into structural features that may govern recognition by the viral RNA polymerase. C1 [Brinson, Robert G.] NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Szakal, Andrea L.; Marino, John P.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Szakal, Andrea L.; Marino, John P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Brinson, RG (reprint author), NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM robert.brinson@nist.gov FU Hollings Marine Laboratory NMR facility; National Research Council Research Associates FX We acknowledge, in part, the support of the Hollings Marine Laboratory NMR facility, and A.L.S. was supported by the National Research Council Research Associates Program Fellowship. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 85 IS 24 BP 13398 EP 13408 DI 10.1128/JVI.06250-11 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 856LI UT WOS:000297642000056 PM 21994446 ER PT J AU Gooch-Moore, J Goodwin, KD Dorsey, C Ellender, RD Mott, JB Ornelas, M Sinigalliano, C Vincent, B Whiting, D Wolfe, SH AF Gooch-Moore, Janet Goodwin, Kelly D. Dorsey, Carol Ellender, R. D. Mott, Joanna B. Ornelas, Mark Sinigalliano, Chris Vincent, Bob Whiting, David Wolfe, Steven H. CA Gulf Mexico Alliance GOMA Water Quality Priority Issue Team Goma Pathogens Workgrp Writing Tea TI New USEPA water quality criteria by 2012: GOMA concerns and recommendations SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE EPA water quality criteria; epidemiology; fecal indicators; Gulf of Mexico; pathogens; recreational waters ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; RAPIDLY MEASURED INDICATORS; RECREATIONAL MARINE WATERS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECALIS; BEACH SAND; PERSISTENCE; ILLNESS; GROWTH AB The Gulf of Mexico Alliance (GOMA) was tasked by the five Gulf State Governors to identify major issues affecting the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and to set priorities for ameliorating these problems. One priority identified by GOMA is the need to improve detection methods for water quality indicators, pathogens and microbial source tracking. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is tasked with revising water quality criteria by 2012; however, the locations traditionally studied by the USEPA are not representative of the GoM and this has raised concern about whether or not the new criteria will be appropriate. This paper outlines a number of concerns, including deadlines associated with the USEPA Consent Decree, which may prevent inclusion of research needed to produce a well-developed set of methods and criteria appropriate for all regulated waters. GOMA makes several recommendations including ensuring that criteria formulation use data that include GoM-specific conditions (e.g. lower bather density, nonpoint sources), that rapid-testing methods be feasible and adequately controlled, and that USEPA maintains investments in water quality research once the new criteria are promulgated in order to assure that outstanding scientific questions are addressed and that scientifically defensible criteria are achieved for the GoM and other regulated waterbodies. C1 [Gooch-Moore, Janet] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Goodwin, Kelly D.; Sinigalliano, Chris] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Goodwin, Kelly D.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. [Dorsey, Carol] Alabama Dept Publ Hlth, Mobile Div Lab, Mobile, AL 36608 USA. [Ellender, R. D.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Mott, Joanna B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Ornelas, Mark] Alabama Dept Environm Management, Mobile, AL 36608 USA. [Vincent, Bob] Florida Dept Hlth, Bur Water Programs, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. [Whiting, David] Florida Dept Environm Protect, Bur Labs, Biol Sect, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. [Wolfe, Steven H.] Florida Dept Environm Protect, Off Coastal & Aquat Managed Areas, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. RP Gooch-Moore, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM janet.moore@noaa.gov RI Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014; Goodwin, Kelly/B-4985-2014 OI Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X; Goodwin, Kelly/0000-0001-9583-8073 NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 21 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PD DEC PY 2011 VL 9 IS 4 BP 718 EP 733 DI 10.2166/wh.2011.156 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA 855XJ UT WOS:000297599300011 PM 22048431 ER PT J AU Zhao, XPT Heidinger, AK Knapp, KR AF Zhao, X. -P. Tom Heidinger, Andrew K. Knapp, Kenneth R. TI Long-term trends of zonally averaged aerosol optical thickness observed from operational satellite AVHRR instrument SO METEOROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE atmospheric aerosols; aerosol optical thickness; linear long-term trend; satellite observations; surface solar radiation ID RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; SOLAR-RADIATION; CHANNELS; FUTURE AB Atmospheric aerosols are solid and liquid particles suspended in air. Aerosols have important consequences for global climate, ecosystem processes and human health due to their various sizes and chemical compositions. In this paper, nearly 23 years of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) data from operational satellite AVHRR observations over the global ocean have been used to study the latitudinal variations of the linear long-term trends (LLT) of zonal mean AOT. For the LLT of zonally averaged AOT over the global ocean, their significance generally falls below the 95% confidence level. However, the LLT of zonal mean AOT for the individual oceans, such as the Atlantic Ocean (AO), Indian Ocean (IO), and West Pacific Ocean (WPO), can easily pass 95% confidence level in some latitude belts (e.g. 525 degrees N for IO, 3340 degrees N for WPO, 3050 degrees N for AO) and may produce zonally averaged solar dimming/brightening accordingly in cloudless conditions. The results will help us to understand the latitudinal features of the decadal changes in aerosol loadings, as well as surface solar radiation, better. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Zhao, X. -P. Tom; Knapp, Kenneth R.] NOAA NESDIS, Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Zhao, XPT (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, Natl Climate Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave,RM 445, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Xuepeng.Zhao@noaa.gov RI Knapp, Kenneth/E-9817-2011; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU National Climate Data Center (NCDC) of NOAA/NESDIS FX The leader author would like to acknowledge the support of the SDS program at the National Climate Data Center (NCDC) of NOAA/NESDIS. Constructive comments from two anonymous reviewers and editor (Dr Peter Burt) are greatly appreciated. The views, opinions and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1350-4827 J9 METEOROL APPL JI Meteorol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 18 IS 4 BP 440 EP 445 DI 10.1002/met.235 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 859AV UT WOS:000297847200003 ER PT J AU Ritchie, NWM Newbury, DE Lindstrom, AP AF Ritchie, Nicholas W. M. Newbury, Dale E. Lindstrom, Abigail P. TI Compton Scattering Artifacts in Electron Excited X-Ray Spectra Measured with a Silicon Drift Detector SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Compton scatter; silicon drift detector (SDD); energy dispersive; Monte Carlo; X-ray; electron probe microanalysis (EPMA); artifacts ID ANGLE; LIGHT AB Artifacts are the nemesis of trace element analysis in electron-excited energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Peaks that result from nonideal behavior in the detector or sample can fool even an experienced microanalyst into believing that they have trace amounts of an element that is not present. Many artifacts, such as the Si escape peak, absorption edges, and coincidence peaks, can be traced to the detector. Others, such as secondary fluorescence peaks and scatter peaks, can be traced to the sample. We have identified a new sample-dependent artifact that we attribute to Compton scattering of energetic X-rays generated in a small feature and subsequently scattered from a low atomic number matrix. It seems likely that this artifact has not previously been reported because it only occurs under specific conditions and represents a relatively small signal. However, with the advent of silicon drift detectors and their utility for trace element analysis, we anticipate that more people will observe it and possibly misidentify it. Though small, the artifact is not inconsequential. Under some conditions, it is possible to mistakenly identify the Compton scatter artifact as approximately 1% of an element that is not present. C1 [Ritchie, Nicholas W. M.; Newbury, Dale E.; Lindstrom, Abigail P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ritchie, NWM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nicholas.ritchie@nist.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 17 IS 6 BP 903 EP 910 DI 10.1017/S1431927611012189 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 858VW UT WOS:000297832300009 PM 22067917 ER PT J AU Zou, XL Qin, ZK Weng, FZ AF Zou, Xiaolei Qin, Zhengkun Weng, Fuzhong TI Improved Coastal Precipitation Forecasts with Direct Assimilation of GOES-11/12 Imager Radiances SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; VARIATIONAL STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; CYCLONE TRACK FORECASTS; GOES-8 WIND INFORMATION; CLOUD-CLEARED RADIANCES; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; RECURSIVE FILTERS; PART II; IMPACT; MODEL AB The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) imager provides observations that are of high spatial and temporal resolution and can be applied for effectively monitoring and nowcasting severe weather events. In this study, improved quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) for three coastal storms over the northern Gulf of Mexico and the East Coast is demonstrated by assimilating GOES-11 and GOES-12 imager radiances into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Both the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) analysis system and the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) are utilized to ingest GOES IR clear-sky data. Assimilation of GOES imager radiances during a 6-12-h time window prior to convective initiation and/or development could significantly improve the precipitation forecasts near the coast of the northern Gulf of Mexico. The 3-h accumulative precipitation threat scores are increased by about 20% after 6 h of model forecasts and more than 50% after 18-24 h of model forecasts. A detailed diagnosis of analysis fields and model forecast fields is carried out for one of the three convective precipitation events included in this study. It is shown that the assimilation of GOES data in regions of no or little clouds improved the model description of an upstream midlatitude trough and a subtropical high located in the south of the convection. The GOES observations located in the western part of land region covered by GOES within the latitude zone of 18 degrees-37 degrees N near 100 degrees W contributed to a better forecast of the position of the eastward-propagating trough, while GOES observations over the Gulf of Mexico increased the amount of water vapor advection from the south into the convective region by the wind associated with the subtropical high. In the past, GOES imager radiances were not directly used in the GSI system. This study highlights the importance of satellite imagery information observed in the preconvective environment for improved cloud and precipitation forecasts. The developed data assimilation technique will prepare the NWP user community for accelerated use of advanced satellite data from the GOES-R series. C1 [Zou, Xiaolei; Qin, Zhengkun] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Qin, Zhengkun] Nanjing Univ Informat & Sci & Technol, Ctr Data Assimilat Res & Applicat, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Weng, Fuzhong] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Zou, XL (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 404 Love Bldg, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM xzou@fsu.edu RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB951600]; NOAA FX This work was jointly supported by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology under Project 973, "Assessment, Assimilation, Recompilation and Applications of Fundamental and Thematic Climate Data Records" (2010CB951600), and NOAA's GOES-R Risk Reduction Program. The authors would like to express their sincere thanks to Dr. Tong Zhu and Mr. Greg Krasowski at the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA) for their help in decoding GOES data and preparing GOES radiance BUFR data. The views and opinions contained in this paper reflects those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 139 IS 12 BP 3711 EP 3729 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-10-05040.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 855ZD UT WOS:000297603900003 ER PT J AU Skinner, PS Weiss, CC Schroeder, JL Wicker, LJ Biggerstaff, MI AF Skinner, Patrick S. Weiss, Christopher C. Schroeder, John L. Wicker, Louis J. Biggerstaff, Michael I. TI Observations of the Surface Boundary Structure within the 23 May 2007 Perryton, Texas, Supercell SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID REAR-FLANK DOWNDRAFTS; TORNADIC SUPERCELLS; MOBILE MESONET; RADAR DATA; THUNDERSTORM; STORM; TORNADOGENESIS; PRESSURE; SIMULATION; BUOYANCY AB In situ data collected within a weakly tornadic, high-precipitation supercell occurring on 23 May 2007 near Perryton, Texas, are presented. Data were collected using a recently developed fleet of 22 durable, rapidly deployable probes dubbed "Stick Net" as well as four mobile mesonet probes. Kinematic and thermodynamic observations of boundaries within the supercell are described in tandem with an analysis of data from the Shared Mobile Atmospheric Research and Teaching Radar. Observations within the rear-flank downdraft of the storm exhibit large deficits of both virtual potential temperature and equivalent potential temperature, with a secondary rear-flank downdraft gust front trailing the mesocyclone. A primarily thermodynamic boundary resided across the forward-flank reflectivity gradient of the supercell. This boundary is characterized by small deficits in virtual potential temperature coupled with positive perturbations of equivalent potential temperature. The opposing thermodynamic perturbations appear to be representative of modified storm inflow, with a flux of water vapor responsible for the positive perturbations of the equivalent potential temperature. Air parcels exhibiting negative perturbations of virtual potential temperature and positive perturbations of equivalent potential temperature have the ability to be a source of both baroclinically generated streamwise horizontal vorticity and greater potential buoyancy if ingested by the low-level mesocyclone. C1 [Skinner, Patrick S.; Weiss, Christopher C.; Schroeder, John L.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Wind Sci & Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Wicker, Louis J.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Biggerstaff, Michael I.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Skinner, PS (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Wind Sci & Engn, 10th & Akron, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM patrick.skinner@ttu.edu RI Skinner, Patrick/P-5717-2014; OI Biggerstaff, Michael/0000-0002-6690-784X FU National Science Foundation [ATM 0800542, ATM-0619715, 0802717, DUE-0618727] FX We are grateful for the dedication and enthusiasm displayed by the student participants from TTU and the University of Michigan during MOBILE-07. Terra Thompson is acknowledged for assistance with the procurement and processing of SMART-R data. Brian Hirth, Dr. Ian Giammanco, and Jaret Rogers are recognized for their assistance with objective analysis software, Stick Net instrumentation, and deployment strategy, respectively. Dr. George Bryan, Dr. Bruce Lee, and one anonymous reviewer are thanked for their thoughtful reviews of this paper. This study was supported by National Science Foundation Grant ATM 0800542. M. Biggerstaff, L. Wicker, and the SMART radars were supported by National Science Foundation Grants ATM-0619715 and 0802717, and M. Biggerstaff was additionally supported by NSF Grant DUE-0618727. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 139 IS 12 BP 3730 EP 3749 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-10-05078.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 855ZD UT WOS:000297603900004 ER PT J AU Bao, JW Fairall, CW Michelson, SA Bianco, L AF Bao, J. -W. Fairall, C. W. Michelson, S. A. Bianco, L. TI Parameterizations of Sea-Spray Impact on the Air-Sea Momentum and Heat Fluxes SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; HIGH WIND SPEEDS; TROPICAL CYCLONE; TURBULENT FLUXES; SURFACE; MODEL; INTENSITY; RAINBANDS; DYNAMICS; EXCHANGE AB This paper focuses on parameterizing the effect of sea spray at hurricane-strength winds on the momentum and heat fluxes in weather prediction models using the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (a common framework for the parameterizations of air sea fluxes). In this scheme, the mass-density effect of sea spray is considered as an additional modification to the stratification of the near-surface profiles of wind, temperature, and moisture in the marine surface boundary layer (MSBL). The overall impact of sea-spray droplets on the mean profiles of wind, temperature, and moisture depends on the wind speed at the level of sea-spray generation. As the wind speed increases, the mean droplet size and the mass flux of sea-spray increase, rendering an increase of stability in the MSBL and the leveling-off of the surface drag. Sea spray also tends to increase the total air sea sensible and latent heat fluxes at high winds. Results from sensitivity testing of the scheme in a numerical weather prediction model for an idealized case of hurricane intensification are presented along with a dynamical interpretation of the impact of the parameterized sea-spray physics on the structure of the hurricane boundary layer. C1 [Bao, J. -W.; Fairall, C. W.; Michelson, S. A.; Bianco, L.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bao, JW (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jian-wen.bao@noaa.gov FU NOAA FX This work is supported by the Hurricane Forecasting Improvement Project (HFIP) of NOAA. We also thank the reviewers of this article for their insightful comments and suggestions. NR 39 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 139 IS 12 BP 3781 EP 3797 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00007.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 855ZD UT WOS:000297603900007 ER PT J AU Sitkowski, M Kossin, JP Rozoff, CM AF Sitkowski, Matthew Kossin, James P. Rozoff, Christopher M. TI Intensity and Structure Changes during Hurricane Eyewall Replacement Cycles SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES; BOUNDARY-LAYER STRUCTURE; SECONDARY WIND MAXIMA; CONCENTRIC EYE-WALLS; AIRCRAFT RECONNAISSANCE; PRIMARY CIRCULATION; KINEMATIC STRUCTURE; TYPHOON STRUCTURE; PART I; RAINBANDS AB A flight-level aircraft dataset consisting of 79 Atlantic basin hurricanes from 1977 to 2007 was used to develop an unprecedented climatology of inner-core intensity and structure changes associated with eyewall replacement cycles (ERCs). During an ERC, the inner-core structure was found to undergo dramatic changes that result in an intensity oscillation and rapid broadening of the wind field. Concentrated temporal sampling by reconnaissance aircraft in 14 of the 79 hurricanes captured virtually the entire evolution of 24 ERC events. The analysis of this large dataset extends the phenomenological paradigm of ERCs described in previous observational case studies by identifying and exploring three distinct phases of ERCs: intensification, weakening, and reintensification. In general, hurricanes intensify, sometimes rapidly, when outer wind maxima are first encountered by aircraft. The mean locations of the inner and outer wind maximum at the start of an ERC are 35 and 106 km from storm center, respectively. The intensification rate of the inner wind maximum begins to slow and the storm ultimately weakens as the inner-core structure begins to organize into concentric rings. On average, the inner wind maximum weakens 10 m s(-1) before the outer wind maximum surpasses the inner wind maximum as it continues to intensify. This reintensification can be quite dramatic and often brings the storm to its maximum lifetime intensity. The entire ERC lasts 36 h on average. Comparison of flight-level data and microwave imagery reveals that the first appearance of an outer wind maximum, often associated with a spiral rainband, typically precedes the weakening of the storm by roughly 9 h, but the weakening is already well under way by the time a secondary convective ring with a well-defined moat appears in microwave imagery. The data also show that winds beyond the outer wind maximum remain elevated even after the outer wind maximum contracts inward. Additionally, the contraction of the outer wind maximum usually ceases at a radius larger than the location of the inner wind maximum at the start of the ERC. The combination of a larger primary eyewall and expanded outer wind field increase the integrated kinetic energy by an average of 28% over the course of a complete ERC despite little change in the maximum intensity between the times of onset and completion of the event. C1 [Sitkowski, Matthew; Kossin, James P.; Rozoff, Christopher M.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sitkowski, Matthew] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Sitkowski, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM matts@ssec.wisc.edu RI Kossin, James/C-2022-2016 OI Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794 FU USWRP [NA09NES4400011]; NOAA [NA06NES4400002]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-1-0163]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0849689]; NOAA's National Climatic Data Center FX John Knaff was instrumental in providing aircraft data and was a valuable resource in answering questions regarding the data. Neal Dorst and Chris Sisko also provided data that were required to update the flight-level dataset. This research benefited from discussions with Hugh Willoughby, Jonathan Vigh, Jeff Hawkins, Dan Vimont, Brian McNoldy, and Chris Velden. Research was funded by the USWRP Joint Hurricane Testbed Grant NA09NES4400011, NOAA Grant NA06NES4400002, Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-07-1-0163, National Science Foundation Grant ATM-0849689, and NOAA's National Climatic Data Center. NR 63 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 139 IS 12 BP 3829 EP 3847 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00034.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 855ZD UT WOS:000297603900010 ER PT J AU MacGorman, DR Apostolakopoulos, IR Lund, NR Demetriades, NWS Murphy, MJ Krehbiel, PR AF MacGorman, Donald R. Apostolakopoulos, Ivy R. Lund, Nicole R. Demetriades, Nicholas W. S. Murphy, Martin J. Krehbiel, Paul R. TI The Timing of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Relative to Total Lightning Activity SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SEVERE THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; POLARITY ELECTRICAL STRUCTURES; DETECTION NETWORK; SIMULATED ELECTRIFICATION; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; SUPERCELL STORM; MULTICELL STORM; NEW-MEXICO; STEPS; PRECIPITATION AB The first flash produced by a storm usually does not strike ground, but little has been published concerning the time after the first flash before a cloud-to-ground flash occurs, particularly for a variety of climatological regions. To begin addressing this issue, this study analyzed data from very-high-frequency (VHF) lightning mapping systems, which detect flashes of all types, and from the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN), which identifies flash type and detects roughly 90% of cloud-to-ground flashes overall. VHF mapping data were analyzed from three regions: north Texas, Oklahoma, and the high plains of Colorado, Kansas, and Nebraska. The percentage of storms in which a cloud-to-ground flash was detected in the first minute of lightning activity varied from 0% in the high plains to 10%-20% in Oklahoma and north Texas. The distribution of delays to the first cloud-to-ground flash varied similarly. In Oklahoma and north Texas, 50% of storms produced a cloud-to-ground flash within 5-10 min, and roughly 10% failed to produce a cloud-to-ground flash within 1 h. In the high plains, however, it required 30 min for 50% of storms to have produced a cloud-to-ground flash, and 20% produced no ground flash within 1 h. The authors suggest that the reason high plains storms take longer to produce cloud-to-ground lightning is because the formation of the lower charge needed to produce most cloud-to-ground flashes is inhibited either by delaying the formation of precipitation in the mid- and lower levels of storms or by many of the storms having an inverted-polarity electrical structure. C1 [MacGorman, Donald R.; Apostolakopoulos, Ivy R.; Lund, Nicole R.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, WRDD, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [MacGorman, Donald R.; Apostolakopoulos, Ivy R.; Lund, Nicole R.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Demetriades, Nicholas W. S.; Murphy, Martin J.] Vaisala Inc, Tucson, AZ USA. [Krehbiel, Paul R.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP MacGorman, DR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, WRDD, Rm 3510,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM don.macgorman@noaa.gov OI MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196 FU NOAA/Office of Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation [ATM-9601652, ATM-9912073] FX This study was supported by a Special Project Initiative grant from the NOAA/Office of Atmospheric Research. Vaisala provided the LDARII data from north Texas and the NLDN data, including the special NLDN cloud flash dataset for Oklahoma. The VHF mapping system for the high plains storms was acquired under Grants ATM-9601652 and ATM-9912073 to the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology from the National Science Foundation. We thank Ted Mansell and Conrad Ziegler for helpful discussions. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation, Vaisala, or the NOAA/Office of Atmospheric Research. NR 57 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 139 IS 12 BP 3871 EP 3886 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00047.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 855ZD UT WOS:000297603900012 ER PT J AU Quinn, PK Bates, TS AF Quinn, P. K. Bates, T. S. TI The case against climate regulation via oceanic phytoplankton sulphur emissions SO NATURE LA English DT Review ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA-SALT AEROSOL; PARTICLE FORMATION; DIMETHYL-SULFIDE; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR; NORTHEAST ATLANTIC; PACIFIC-OCEAN AB More than twenty years ago, a biological regulation of climate was proposed whereby emissions of dimethyl sulphide from oceanic phytoplankton resulted in the formation of aerosol particles that acted as cloud condensation nuclei in the marine boundary layer. In this hypothesis-referred to as CLAW-the increase in cloud condensation nuclei led to an increase in cloud albedo with the resulting changes in temperature and radiation initiating a climate feedback altering dimethyl sulphide emissions from phytoplankton. Over the past two decades, observations in the marine boundary layer, laboratory studies and modelling efforts have been conducted seeking evidence for the CLAW hypothesis. The results indicate that a dimethyl sulphide biological control over cloud condensation nuclei probably does not exist and that sources of these nuclei to the marine boundary layer and the response of clouds to changes in aerosol are much more complex than was recognized twenty years ago. These results indicate that it is time to retire the CLAW hypothesis. C1 [Quinn, P. K.; Bates, T. S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Quinn, PK (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM patricia.k.quinn@noaa.gov RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 77 TC 162 Z9 168 U1 19 U2 182 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 1 PY 2011 VL 480 IS 7375 BP 51 EP 56 DI 10.1038/nature10580 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 861PO UT WOS:000298031900031 PM 22129724 ER PT J AU Bryant, GW Zielinski, M Malkova, N Sims, J Jaskolski, W Aizpurua, J AF Bryant, Garnett W. Zielinski, M. Malkova, Natalia Sims, James Jaskolski, W. Aizpurua, Javier TI Controlling the optics of quantum dots with nanomechanical strain SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC STATES; SINGLE; EXCITONS; STORAGE; LIGHT; FIELD AB We show how nanomechanical strain can be used to dynamically control the optical response of self-assembled quantum dots embedded in nanomechanical bridges, giving a tool to shift electron and hole levels, manipulate mechanoexciton shape, orientation, fine-structure splitting, and optical transitions, transfer carriers between dots, and interact qubits for quantum processing. Conversely, we show how modulation of the quantum dot optical response can be used to monitor locally an applied nanomechanical strain. Atomistic tight-binding theory is used to describe the response of electrons and holes in a self-assembled quantum dot to applied nanomechanical strain. The internal strain due to the lattice mismatch, the nanomechanical strain, and the internal atomic readjustment to minimize the applied strain must all be accounted for to model correctly the strain effects. Electrons and hole levels and charge distributions can shift together or in opposite directions depending on how the strain is applied. This gives control for tailoring band gaps and optical response. The strain can also be used to transfer electrons and holes between vertically or laterally coupled dots, giving a mechanism for manipulating transition strengths and interacting qubits for quantum information processing. Applied strain can be used to manipulate the fine-structure splitting of mechanoexcitons by distorting electron and hole charge distributions and rotating hole orientation. Most importantly, nanomechanical strain reengineers both the magnitude and phase of the exciton exchange coupling to tune exchange splittings, change the phase of spin mixing, and rotate the polarization of mechanoexcitons, providing phase and energy control of excitons. C1 [Bryant, Garnett W.; Malkova, Natalia] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bryant, Garnett W.; Malkova, Natalia] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zielinski, M.; Jaskolski, W.] Inst Fizyki UMK, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Sims, James] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Aizpurua, Javier] Donostia Int Phys Ctr, E-20018 Donostia San Sebastian, Spain. [Aizpurua, Javier] Ctr Mixto Fis Mat CSIC UPV EHU, E-20018 Donostia San Sebastian, Spain. RP Bryant, GW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM garnett.bryant@nist.gov RI CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012; DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014; Jaskolski, Wlodzimierz/D-1318-2014; Aizpurua, Javier/E-6889-2014; Zielinski, Michal/C-2587-2013 OI Jaskolski, Wlodzimierz/0000-0003-4814-1876; Aizpurua, Javier/0000-0002-1444-7589; Zielinski, Michal/0000-0002-7239-2504 FU Foundation for Polish Science; European Union FX M.Z. would like to acknowledge the support by the Foundation for Polish Science, Homing Plus Programme cofinanced by the European Union within the European Regional Development Fund. NR 61 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 23 AR 235412 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.235412 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 855GJ UT WOS:000297551600029 ER PT J AU Incardona, JP Linbo, TL Scholz, NL AF Incardona, John P. Linbo, Tiffany L. Scholz, Nathaniel L. TI Cardiac toxicity of 5-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is differentially dependent on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 isoform during zebrafish development SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Polyaromatic compounds; Non-point source pollution; Fish embryogenesis, heart development; Metabolism ID HERRING CLUPEA-PALLASI; WEATHERED CRUDE-OIL; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; FISH EMBRYOS; DANIO-RERIO; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; EXPOSURE; HEART; PAHS; SENSITIVITY AB Petroleum-derived compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), commonly occur as complex mixtures in the environment. Recent studies using the zebrafish experimental model have shown that PAHs are toxic to the embryonic cardiovascular system, and that the severity and nature of this developmental cardiotoxicity varies by individual PAH. In the present study we characterize the toxicity of the relatively higher molecular weight 5-ring PAHs benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benzo[e]pyrene (BeP), and benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF). While all three compounds target the cardiovascular system, the underlying role of the ligand-activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR2) and the tissue-specific induction of the cytochrome p450 metabolic pathway (CYP1A) were distinct for each. BaP exposure (401 mu M) produced AHR2-dependent bradycardia, pericardial edema, and myocardial CYP1A immunofluorescence. By contrast, BkF exposure (4-40 mu M) caused more severe pericardial edema, looping defects, and erythrocyte regurgitation through the atrioventricular valve that were AHR2-independent (i.e., absent myocardial or endocardial CYP1A induction). Lastly, exposure to BeP (401 mu M) yielded a low level of CYP1A+ signal in the vascular endothelium of the head and trunk, without evident toxic effects on cardiac function or morphogenesis. Combined with earlier work on 3- and 4-ring PAHs, our findings provide a more complete picture of how individual PAHs may drive the cardiotoxicity of mixtures in which they predominate. This will improve toxic injury assessments and risk assessments for wild fish populations that spawn in habitats altered by overlapping petroleum-related human impacts such as oil spills, urban stormwater runoff, or sediments contaminated by legacy industrial activities. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Incardona, John P.; Linbo, Tiffany L.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] NOAA, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Incardona, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.incardona@noaa.gov RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU NOAA; NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative; San Francisco Estuary (RMP) FX This project was funded in part by the NOAA Coastal Storms Program, the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative, and the Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in the San Francisco Estuary (RMP), which is managed by the San Francisco Estuary Institute, Oakland, CA. No funding source was involved in the design or implementation of the studies described herein. NR 46 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 72 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD DEC 1 PY 2011 VL 257 IS 2 BP 242 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2011.09.010 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 856RC UT WOS:000297660100010 PM 21964300 ER PT J AU Bullard, JW Jennings, HM Livingston, RA Nonat, A Scherer, GW Schweitzer, JS Scrivener, KL Thomas, JJ AF Bullard, Jeffrey W. Jennings, Hamlin M. Livingston, Richard A. Nonat, Andre Scherer, George W. Schweitzer, Jeffrey S. Scrivener, Karen L. Thomas, Jeffrey J. TI Mechanisms of cement hydration SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hydration; Kinetics; Microstructure ID C-S-H; TRICALCIUM SILICATE HYDRATION; ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PORTLAND-CEMENT; INDUCTION PERIOD; INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SI-29 NMR; DISSOLUTION AB The current state of knowledge of cement hydration mechanisms is reviewed, including the origin of the period of slow reaction in alite and cement, the nature of the acceleration period, the role of calcium sulfate in modifying the reaction rate of tricalcium aluminate, the interactions of silicates and aluminates, and the kinetics of the deceleration period. In addition, several remaining controversies or gaps in understanding are identified, such as the nature and influence on kinetics of an early surface hydrate, the mechanistic origin of the beginning of the acceleration period, the manner in which microscopic growth processes lead to the characteristic morphologies of hydration products at larger length scales, and the role played by diffusion in the deceleration period. The review concludes with some perspectives on research needs for the future. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bullard, Jeffrey W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jennings, Hamlin M.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Livingston, Richard A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nonat, Andre] Univ Bourgogne, CNRS, UMR 5209, Lab Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne ICB, Dijon, France. [Schweitzer, Jeffrey S.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT USA. [Scherer, George W.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, PRISM, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Scrivener, Karen L.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Mat, Construct Mat Lab, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Thomas, Jeffrey J.] Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Bullard, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.bullard@nist.gov RI Jennings, Hamlin/B-7006-2009; OI Scrivener, Karen/0000-0003-2640-1497; Thomas, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2897-2023; Scherer, George/0000-0002-5874-2627 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [OISE-0757284, CMS-0510854]; Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Mapei; BASF; Tennessee Technological University (TTU) Center for Manufacturing Research (CMR); Canadian Research Center on Concrete Infrastructure (CRIB); Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERCC) FX This paper is an outcome of the International Summit on Cement Hydration Kinetics and Modeling. The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) through Grant Award Nos. OISE-0757284 and CMS-0510854, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Mapei, W. R. Grace, BASF, the Tennessee Technological University (TTU) Center for Manufacturing Research (CMR), the Canadian Research Center on Concrete Infrastructure (CRIB) and the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERCC). The authors would also like to acknowledge the organizers of the Summit including Joseph J. Biernacki (TTU), Will Hansen (University of Michigan), and Jacques Marchand (Laval University). NR 125 TC 251 Z9 264 U1 29 U2 222 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-8846 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 41 IS 12 SI SI BP 1208 EP 1223 DI 10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.09.011 PG 16 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 850ZI UT WOS:000297237700002 ER PT J AU Thomas, JJ Biernacki, JJ Bullard, JW Bishnoi, S Dolado, JS Scherer, GW Luttge, A AF Thomas, Jeffrey J. Biernacki, Joseph J. Bullard, Jeffrey W. Bishnoi, Shashank Dolado, Jorge S. Scherer, George W. Luttge, Andreas TI Modeling and simulation of cement hydration kinetics and microstructure development SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hydration; Kinetics; Microstructure; Modeling ID C-S-H; TRICALCIUM SILICATE HYDRATION; ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; CRYSTAL DISSOLUTION KINETICS; PORTLAND-CEMENT; CALCIUM-SILICATE; AB-INITIO; COMPUTER-SIMULATION AB Efforts to model and simulate the highly complex cement hydration process over the past 40 years are reviewed, covering different modeling approaches such as single particle models, mathematical nucleation and growth models, and vector and lattice-based approaches to simulating microstructure development. Particular attention is given to promising developments that have taken place in the past few years. Recent applications of molecular-scale simulation methods to understanding the structure and formation of calcium-silicate-hydrate phases, and to understanding the process of dissolution of cement minerals in water are also discussed, as these topics are highly relevant to the future development of more complete and fundamental hydration models. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Thomas, Jeffrey J.] Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Biernacki, Joseph J.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cookeville, TN USA. [Bullard, Jeffrey W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bishnoi, Shashank] Indian Inst Technol Delhi, Dept Civil Engn, New Delhi, India. [Dolado, Jorge S.] LABEIN Tecnalia, Ctr Nanomat Applicat Construct, Bilbao, Spain. [Scherer, George W.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Luttge, Andreas] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX USA. RP Thomas, JJ (reprint author), Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM jthomas39@slb.com RI Luttge, Andreas/A-2560-2011; Dolado, Jorge/Q-1815-2016; OI Luttge, Andreas/0000-0002-5878-4026; Dolado, Jorge/0000-0003-3686-1438; Thomas, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2897-2023; Scherer, George/0000-0002-5874-2627 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [OISE-0757284, CMS-0510854]; Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Mapei; BASF; Tennessee Technological University (TTU) Center for Manufacturing Research (CMR); Canadian Research Center on Concrete Infrastructure (CRIB); Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERCC) FX This paper is an outcome of the International Summit on Cement Hydration Kinetics and Modeling. The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) through Grant Award Nos. OISE-0757284 and CMS-0510854, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Mapei, W. R. Grace, BASF, the Tennessee Technological University (TTU) Center for Manufacturing Research (CMR), the Canadian Research Center on Concrete Infrastructure (CRIB) and the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERCC). The authors would also like to acknowledge the organizers of the Summit including Joseph J. Biernacki (TTU), Will Hansen (University of Michigan), Jeffrey Bullard (National Institute of Standards and Technology) and Jacques Marchand (Laval University). NR 162 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 5 U2 60 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-8846 EI 1873-3948 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 41 IS 12 SI SI BP 1257 EP 1278 DI 10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.10.004 PG 22 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 850ZI UT WOS:000297237700006 ER PT J AU Wang, XLL Wan, H Zwiers, FW Swail, VR Compo, GP Allan, RJ Vose, RS Jourdain, S Yin, XG AF Wang, Xiaolan L. Wan, Hui Zwiers, Francis W. Swail, Val R. Compo, Gilbert P. Allan, Robert J. Vose, Russell S. Jourdain, Sylvie Yin, Xungang TI Trends and low-frequency variability of storminess over western Europe, 1878-2007 SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; CYCLONE ACTIVITY; FIELD SIGNIFICANCE; HEMISPHERE WINTER; EXTREME RAINFALL; TRACK ACTIVITY; CIRCULATION; REANALYSIS; STORMS; NAO AB This study analyzes extremes of geostrophic wind speeds derived from sub-daily surface pressure observations at 13 sites in the European region from the Iberian peninsula to Scandinavia for the period from 1878 or later to 2007. It extends previous studies on storminess conditions in the Northeast (NE) Atlantic-European region. It also briefly discusses the relationship between storminess and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The results show that storminess conditions in the region from the Northeast Atlantic to western Europe have undergone substantial decadal or longer time scale fluctuations, with considerable seasonal and regional differences (especially between winter and summer, and between the British Isles-North Sea area and other parts of the region). In the North Sea and the Alps areas, there has been a notable increase in the occurrence frequency of strong geostrophic winds from the mid to the late twentieth century. The results also show that, in the cold season (December-March), the NAO-storminess relationship is significantly positive in the north-central part of this region, but negative in the south-southeastern part. C1 [Wang, Xiaolan L.; Wan, Hui; Zwiers, Francis W.; Swail, Val R.] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Compo, Gilbert P.] Univ Colorado, Climate Diagnost Ctr, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Compo, Gilbert P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Allan, Robert J.] Met Off, Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Vose, Russell S.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Jourdain, Sylvie] Meteo France, Direct Climatol, Toulouse, France. [Yin, Xungang] STG Inc, Asheville, NC USA. RP Wang, XLL (reprint author), Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM Xiaolan.Wang@ec.gc.ca RI Yin, Xungang/G-1334-2012; OI COMPO, GILBERT/0000-0001-5199-9633 FU international Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth (ACRE) initiative; Queensland Climate Change Centre of Excellence (QCCCE) in Australia; UK Joint Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC); Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) [GA01101] FX The authors are very grateful to all members of GCOS/WCRP AOPC/OOPC (Atmosphere/Ocean Observation Panel for Climate) Working Group on Surface Pressure for providing us with access to the International Surface Pressure Databank, which includes almost all the pressure data we analyzed in this study. Dr. Jose Antonio Lopez of the Spanish State Meteorological Agency is also acknowledged for providing extra data to fill in data gaps in the records of two Spanish stations in the ISPD. Rob Allan is primarily funded as Program Manager of the international Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth (ACRE) initiative by the Queensland Climate Change Centre of Excellence (QCCCE) in Australia, with some additional funds from the UK Joint Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) Integrated Climate Programme, DECC/Defra (GA01101). The authors also wish to thank Drs. Xuebin Zhang and Seung-Ki Min for their useful internal review of an earlier version of this manuscript, and the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful review comments. NR 46 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 37 IS 11-12 BP 2355 EP 2371 DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1107-0 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 852GU UT WOS:000297345800014 ER PT J AU Xue, Y Huang, BY Hu, ZZ Kumar, A Wen, CH Behringer, D Nadiga, S AF Xue, Yan Huang, Boyin Hu, Zeng-Zhen Kumar, Arun Wen, Caihong Behringer, David Nadiga, Sudhir TI An assessment of oceanic variability in the NCEP climate forecast system reanalysis SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; INSTABILITY WAVES; ENSO PREDICTION; KELVIN WAVES; HEAT-CONTENT; PART I AB At the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), a reanalysis of the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice and land over the period 1979-2009, referred to as the climate forecast system reanalysis (CFSR), was recently completed. The oceanic component of CFSR includes many advances: (a) the MOM4 ocean model with an interactive sea-ice, (b) the 6 h coupled model forecast as the first guess, (c) inclusion of the mean climatological river runoff, and (d) high spatial (0.5A degrees A xA 0.5A degrees) and temporal (hourly) model outputs. Since the CFSR will be used by many in initializing/validating ocean models and climate research, the primary motivation of the paper is to inform the user community about the saline features in the CFSR ocean component, and how the ocean reanalysis compares with in situ observations and previous reanalysis. The net ocean surface heat flux of the CFSR has smaller biases compared to the sum of the latent and sensible heat fluxes from the objectively analyzed air-sea fluxes (OAFlux) and the shortwave and longwave radiation fluxes from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP-FD) than the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis (R1) and NCEP/DOE reanalysis (R2) in both the tropics and extratropics. The ocean surface wind stress of the CFSR has smaller biases and higher correlation with the ERA40 produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts than the R1 and R2, particularly in the tropical Indian and Pacific Ocean. The CFSR also has smaller errors compared to the QuickSCAT climatology for September 1999 to October 2009 than the R1 and R2. However, the trade winds of the CFSR in the central equatorial Pacific are too strong prior to 1999, and become close to observations once the ATOVS radiance data are assimilated in late 1998. A sudden reduction of easterly wind bias is related to the sudden onset of a warm bias in the eastern equatorial Pacific temperature around 1998/1999. The sea surface height and top 300 m heat content (HC300) of the CFSR compare with observations better than the GODAS in the tropical Indian Ocean and extratropics, but much worse in the tropical Atlantic, probably due to discontinuity in the deep ocean temperature and salinity caused by the six data streams of the CFSR. In terms of climate variability, the CFSR provides a good simulation of tropical instability waves and oceanic Kelvin waves in the tropical Pacific, and the dominant modes of HC300 that are associated with El Nino and Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole, Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. C1 [Xue, Yan; Huang, Boyin; Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Kumar, Arun; Wen, Caihong] NCEP NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Huang, Boyin; Wen, Caihong] Wyle Informat Syst, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Behringer, David; Nadiga, Sudhir] NCEP NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Xue, Y (reprint author), NCEP NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Yan.Xue@noaa.gov RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400 FU CNES; World Ocean Atlas by National Oceanographic Data Center FX The authors thank Mike Halpert and Wanqiu Wang, and the two anonymous reviewers for their thorough reviews of the manuscript. We are also thankful for (1) the altimeter products produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by Aviso with support from CNES, (2) the seasonal mean temperature and 5-year mean salinity analysis and the World Ocean Atlas by National Oceanographic Data Center, (3) the TAO mooring data by NOAA, (4) the Objectively Analyzed air- sea Fluxes (OAFlux) by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, (5) the ISCCP global radiative flux by NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, (6) the Ocean Surface Current Analysis-Real Time (OSCAR) by Earth and Space Research, (7) the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) SST by Remote Sensing Systems. NR 79 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 37 IS 11-12 BP 2511 EP 2539 DI 10.1007/s00382-010-0954-4 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 852GU UT WOS:000297345800023 ER PT J AU Ebisuzaki, W Zhang, L AF Ebisuzaki, Wesley Zhang, Li TI Assessing the performance of the CFSR by an ensemble of analyses SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE CFSR; CFSRR; Reanalysis; Ensemble ID REANALYSIS AB The Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR, Saha et al. in Bull Am Meteor Soc 91:1015-1057, 2010) is the latest global reanalysis from the National Centers of Environmental Prediction (NCEP). In this study, we compare the CFSR tropospheric analyses to two ensembles of analyses. The first ensemble consists of 12 h analyses from various operational analyses for the year 2007. This ensemble shows how well the CFSR analyses can capture the daily variability. The second ensemble consists of monthly means from the available reanalyses from the years 1979 to 2009 which is used to examine the trends. With the 2007 ensemble, we find that the CFSR captures the daily variability in 2007 better than the older reanalyses and is comparable to the operational analyses. With the ensemble of monthly means, the CFSR is often the outlier. The CFSR shows a strong warming trend in the tropics which is not seen in the observations or other reanalyses. C1 [Ebisuzaki, Wesley; Zhang, Li] NCEP NWS NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Zhang, Li] Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA USA. RP Ebisuzaki, W (reprint author), NCEP NWS NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 811G, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM wesley.ebisuzaki@noaa.gov NR 12 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 37 IS 11-12 BP 2541 EP 2550 DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1074-5 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 852GU UT WOS:000297345800024 ER PT J AU Shen, SSP Gurung, AB Oh, HS Shu, T Easterling, DR AF Shen, Samuel S. P. Gurung, Ai B. Oh, Hee-S. Shu, T. Easterling, David R. TI The twentieth century contiguous US temperature changes indicated by daily data and higher statistical moments SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; INTERDECADAL CHANGES; CLIMATE; TRENDS; VARIABILITY; AVERAGES; MINIMUM; MAXIMUM; EVENTS AB The daily surface air temperature data are used to assess the climate changes of the contiguous United States during the period of 1901 to 2000. The assessment is made through the first four statistical moments of the daily maximum, minimum, and mean temperature anomalies, the linear trends of the moments, and the changes of the anomalies' probability density functions. The results on the first moment, i.e., the mean, are compared with the existing ones in terms of intra-annual means and their linear trends. Our first moment results agree with known ones and demonstrate a decrease from the 1930s to the 1960s and an increase from the 1970s to 2000. The temperature fluctuation is the smallest in the 1960s among the decades from 1931 to 2000. The trends of the higher (second-, third- and fourth-order) moments of the mean, maximum, and minimum surface air temperatures are calculated for the periods 1901-2000, 1910-1945, 1946-1975, and 1976-2000. The results show a decreasing trend of the second- and third-order moments of all the temperatures. The fourth-order moments of the mean and maximum surface air temperatures have increasing trends, but that of the minimum surface air temperature has a decreasing trend. The seasonal histograms of the mean, maximum, and minimum surface air temperatures are calculated for the three periods 1910-1945, 1946-1975, and 1976-2000 for the stations which have the largest trend of maximum daily surface air temperature. An obvious change has been identified in the probability density functions. Among the changes of statistical parameters, the ones for the minimum temperature are larger than those for the maximum and mean temperatures. C1 [Shen, Samuel S. P.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Gurung, Ai B.; Shu, T.] Univ Alberta, Dept Math & Stat Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G1, Canada. [Oh, Hee-S.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Stat, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Easterling, David R.] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Shen, SSP (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM shen@math.sdsu.edu; gurungai@yahoo.co.uk; heeseok.oh@gmail.com; tingting-shu@hotmail.com; David.Easterling@noaa.gov FU US NOAA Office of Global Programs; Canadian MITACS; University of Alberta, Canada FX This work is financially supported by the US NOAA Office of Global Programs, the Canadian MITACS, and the University of Alberta, Canada. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD DEC PY 2011 VL 109 IS 3-4 BP 287 EP 317 DI 10.1007/s10584-011-0033-9 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 852IH UT WOS:000297350700005 ER PT J AU Wetherald, RT AF Wetherald, Richard T. TI The role of low clouds in determining climate sensitivity in response to a doubling of CO2 as obtained from 16 mixed-layer models SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; FEEDBACK PROCESSES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MECHANISMS; COVER; GCM AB The effects that low clouds in sub-tropical to tropical latitudes have in determining a given model's climate sensitivity is investigated by analyzing the cloud data produced by 16 "slab" or mixed-layer models submitted to the PCMDI and CFMIP archives and their respective response to a doubling of CO2. It is found that, within the context of the 16 models analyzed, changes of these low clouds appear to play a major role in determining model sensitivity but with changes of middle cloud also contributing especially from middle to higher latitudes. It is noted that the models with the smallest overall cloud change produce the smallest climate sensitivities and vice versa although the overall signs of the respective cloud feedbacks are positive. It is also found that the amounts of low cloud as simulated by the respective control runs have very little correlation with their respective climate sensitivities. In general, the overall latitude-height patterns of cloud change as derived from these more recent experiments agree quite well with those obtained from much earlier studies which include increases of the highest cloud, decreases of cloud lower down in the middle and lower tropospheric and small increases of low clouds. Finally, other mitigating factors are mentioned which could also affect the spread of the resulting climate sensitivities. C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Wetherald, RT (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM dick.wetherald@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD DEC PY 2011 VL 109 IS 3-4 BP 569 EP 582 DI 10.1007/s10584-011-0047-3 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 852IH UT WOS:000297350700019 ER PT J AU Goes, M Tuana, N Keller, K AF Goes, Marlos Tuana, Nancy Keller, Klaus TI The economics (or lack thereof) of aerosol geoengineering SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID UNCERTAIN CLIMATE THRESHOLDS; COST-BENEFIT-ANALYSIS; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; OZONE DEPLETION; COMPLEX-SYSTEMS; POLICY; RADIATION; INFORMATION; CIRCULATION; SENSITIVITY AB Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are changing the Earth's climate and impose substantial risks for current and future generations. What are scientifically sound, economically viable, and ethically defendable strategies to manage these climate risks? Ratified international agreements call for a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to avoid dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Recent proposals, however, call for a different approach: to geoengineer climate by injecting aerosol precursors into the stratosphere. Published economic studies typically neglect the risks of aerosol geoengineering due to (i) the potential for a failure to sustain the aerosol forcing and (ii) the negative impacts associated with the aerosol forcing. Here we use a simple integrated assessment model of climate change to analyze potential economic impacts of aerosol geoengineering strategies over a wide range of uncertain parameters such as climate sensitivity, the economic damages due to climate change, and the economic damages due to aerosol geoengineering forcing. The simplicity of the model provides the advantages of parsimony and transparency, but it also imposes severe caveats on the interpretation of the results. For example, the analysis is based on a globally aggregated model and is hence silent on intragenerational distribution of costs and benefits. In addition, the analysis neglects the effects of learning and has a very simplistic representation of climate change impacts. Our analysis suggests three main conclusions. First, substituting aerosol geoengineering for CO2 abatement can be an economically ineffective strategy. One key to this finding is that a failure to sustain the aerosol forcing can lead to sizeable and abrupt climatic changes. The monetary damages due to such a discontinuous aerosol geoengineering can dominate the cost-benefit analysis because the monetary damages of climate change are expected to increase with the rate of change. Second, the relative contribution of aerosol geoengineering to an economically optimal portfolio hinges critically on, thus far, deeply uncertain estimates of the damages due to aerosol forcing. Even if we assume that aerosol forcing could be deployed continuously, the aerosol geoengineering does not considerably displace CO2 abatement in the simple economic optimal growth model until the damages due to the aerosol forcing are rather low. Third, substituting aerosol geoengineering for greenhouse gas emission abatement can fail an ethical test regarding intergenerational justice. Substituting aerosol geoengineering for greenhouse gas emissions abatements constitutes a conscious risk transfer to future generations, in violation of principles of intergenerational justice which demands that present generations should not create benefits for themselves in exchange for burdens on future generations. C1 [Goes, Marlos; Keller, Klaus] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Keller, Klaus] Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA USA. [Goes, Marlos] Univ Miami, NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Tuana, Nancy] Penn State Univ, Dept Philosophy, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Keller, K (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, 436 Deike, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM marlos.goes@noaa.gov; ntuana@psu.edu; klaus@psu.edu RI Goes, Marlos/B-4273-2011; Keller, Klaus/A-6742-2013 OI Goes, Marlos/0000-0001-5874-8079; FU National Science Foundation; Penn State Center for Climate Risk Management; Penn State Rock Ethics Institute FX We thank Seth Baum, David Budescu, Ken Davis, Robert Lempert, Felix Tintelnot, Sarah Polborn, Michael Oppenheimer, Nathan Urban, Elmar Kriegler, as well as three anonymous reviewers for helpful discussions. Brian Tuttle helped with editing and proofreading. The study was partially supported by the National Science Foundation, the Penn State Center for Climate Risk Management, and the Penn State Rock Ethics Institute. Any opinions and errors are those of the authors. NR 96 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD DEC PY 2011 VL 109 IS 3-4 BP 719 EP 744 DI 10.1007/s10584-010-9961-z PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 852IH UT WOS:000297350700026 ER PT J AU Petersen, EJ Zhang, LW Mattison, NT O'Carroll, DM Whelton, AJ Uddin, N Nguyen, T Huang, QG Henry, TB Holbrook, RD Chen, KL AF Petersen, Elijah J. Zhang, Liwen Mattison, Nikolai T. O'Carroll, Denis M. Whelton, Andrew J. Uddin, Nasir Tinh Nguyen Huang, Qingguo Henry, Theodore B. Holbrook, R. David Chen, Kai Loon TI Potential Release Pathways, Environmental Fate, And Ecological Risks of Carbon Nanotubes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; POLYETHYLENEIMINE-MEDIATED FUNCTIONALIZATION; NEAR-INFRARED FLUORESCENCE; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; IN-VIVO ECOTOXICITY; BLACK CARBON; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; POROUS-MEDIA AB Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are currently incorporated into various consumer products, and numerous new applications and products containing CNTs are expected in the future. The potential for negative effects caused by CNT release into the environment is a prominent concern and numerous research projects have investigated possible environmental release pathways, fate, and toxicity. However, this expanding body of literature has not yet been systematically reviewed. Our objective is to critically review this literature to identify emerging trends as well as persistent knowledge gaps on these topics. Specifically, we examine the release of CNTs from polymeric products, removal in wastewater treatment systems, transport through surface and subsurface media, aggregation behaviors, interactions with soil and sediment particles, potential transformations and degradation, and their potential ecotoxicity in soil, sediment, and aquatic ecosystems. One major limitation in the current literature is quantifying CNT masses in relevant media (polymers, tissues, soils, and sediments). Important new directions include developing mechanistic models for CNT release from composites and understanding CNT transport in more complex and environmentally realistic systems such as heteroaggregation with natural colloids and transport of nanoparticles in a range of soils. C1 [Petersen, Elijah J.; Holbrook, R. David] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Liwen; Huang, Qingguo] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Mattison, Nikolai T.; O'Carroll, Denis M.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, London, ON N6A 5B8, Canada. [O'Carroll, Denis M.] Univ New S Wales, Water Res Lab, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Manly Vale, NSW 2093, Australia. [Whelton, Andrew J.] Univ S Alabama, Dept Civil Engn, Mobile, ON 36688, Canada. [Uddin, Nasir; Tinh Nguyen] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Henry, Theodore B.] Univ Plymouth, Sch Biomed & Biol Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Henry, Theodore B.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Henry, Theodore B.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN USA. [Chen, Kai Loon] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Petersen, EJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Elijah.Petersen@nist.gov RI Chen, Kai Loon/A-3399-2010; Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013; O'Carroll, Denis/E-6382-2013; OI Chen, Kai Loon/0000-0002-9828-3656; Whelton, Andrew/0000-0001-5934-3081; O'Carroll, Denis/0000-0001-6557-226X; Henry, Theodore/0000-0002-9675-9454 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) STAR [R834094]; Ontario Ministry of the Environment; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This work was supported by awards from United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) STAR Grant R834094 and by an Ontario Ministry of the Environment Best in Science Award and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Although research described in this article was funded in part by the USEPA, it has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. Certain commercial equipment or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 178 TC 217 Z9 225 U1 27 U2 378 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 23 BP 9837 EP 9856 DI 10.1021/es201579y PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 852UJ UT WOS:000297382700008 PM 21988187 ER PT J AU Kim, MH Doh, JM Han, SC Chae, KH Yu, BY Hong, KT Jackson, A Anovitz, LM AF Kim, Man-Ho Doh, Jeong-Mann Han, Seong Chul Chae, Keun Hwa Yu, Byung-Yong Hong, Kyung Tae Jackson, Andrew Anovitz, Lawrence M. TI The pore wall structure of porous semi-crystalline anatase TiO2 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; NANOTUBE ARRAYS; TITANIA NANOTUBES; ANODIC-OXIDATION; SOLAR-CELLS; FILMS; WATER; DENSITY; RUTILE; LAW AB The structure of porous TiO2 prepared by electrochemical anodization in a fluoride-containing ethylene glycol electrolyte solution was quantitatively studied using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (USANS). The cylindrical pores along the coaxial direction were somewhat irregular in shape, were widely distributed in diameter, and seemed to have a broadly pseudo-hexagonal arrangement. The scattering from the pore wall showed a negative deviation from Porod scattering, indicating that the interface between TiO2 and the pore was not sharp. A density gradient of around 40-60 A at the pore wall (i.e. the interface between the pore and the TiO2 matrix) was estimated using both constant and semi-sigmoidal interface models. This gradient may be due to the presence of fluorine and carbon partially absorbed by the pore wall from the fluoride-containing electrolyte or to sorbed water molecules on the wall. The neutron contrast-matching point between the TiO2 matrix and the pores filled with liquid H2O/D2O mixtures was 51/49%(v/v) H2O/D2O, yielding an estimated mass density of 3.32 g cm(-3). The specific surface area of the sample derived from the (U) SANS data was around 939-1003 m(2) cm(-3) (283-302 m(2) g(-1)). C1 [Kim, Man-Ho; Doh, Jeong-Mann; Han, Seong Chul; Chae, Keun Hwa; Yu, Byung-Yong; Hong, Kyung Tae] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Seoul 136791, South Korea. [Jackson, Andrew] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jackson, Andrew] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Anovitz, Lawrence M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kim, MH (reprint author), Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Hwarangno 14 Gil 5, Seoul 136791, South Korea. EM man-hokim@kist.kr RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008; Chae, Keun Hwa/H-2459-2016; Anovitz, Lawrence/P-3144-2016 OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336; Chae, Keun Hwa/0000-0003-3894-670X; Anovitz, Lawrence/0000-0002-2609-8750 FU MEST/KOSEF [M20701005285-08B0100-28510]; KIST [2V02082]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the MEST/KOSEF (Nuclear R&D Program, M20701005285-08B0100-28510) and KIST 2V02082. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement No. DMR-0454672. Research by LMA was sponsored by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 44 BP 1238 EP 1245 DI 10.1107/S0021889811037447 PN 6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 851OG UT WOS:000297279800015 ER PT J AU Buchheit, T Friedman, LH Medyanik, S Spearot, D Webb, EB AF Buchheit, T. Friedman, L. H. Medyanik, S. Spearot, D. Webb, E. B., III TI Foreword: Modeling, Simulation, and Theory of Nanomechanical Materials Behavior SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Buchheit, T.; Webb, E. B., III] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Friedman, L. H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Medyanik, S.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Spearot, D.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR USA. [Webb, E. B., III] Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Buchheit, T (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Friedman, Lawrence/G-5650-2011 OI Friedman, Lawrence/0000-0003-2416-9903 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 42A IS 13 BP 3867 EP 3867 DI 10.1007/s11661-011-0885-7 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 851FF UT WOS:000297253100006 ER PT J AU Williams, JG Gilliam, DM AF Williams, J. G. Gilliam, D. M. TI Thermal neutron standards SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID REACTOR AB Over the 50-year history of Section III (Neutron Measurements) of the Consultative Committee for Ionizing Radiation of the International Committee for Weights and Measures, only a single interlaboratory comparison of thermal neutron measurements has been completed, although a new comparison of this kind is in progress at the time of this writing. The initial comparison was perhaps considered to have demonstrated a sufficient degree of agreement that its repetition was not of particularly urgent priority. Thermal neutron measurements are indeed an old and well-developed field, as is seen in the many references cited in this paper. This paper describes briefly the production of thermal neutron fields from fast neutron sources, the moderation of neutron spectra towards thermal equilibrium, various conventions for describing thermal neutron fields, corrections for self-absorption and scattering in detector materials and the selection of detectors based on established thermal neutron cross-section standards. C1 [Williams, J. G.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Gilliam, D. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Williams, JG (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD DEC PY 2011 VL 48 IS 6 BP 254 EP 262 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/48/6/S03 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 852EA UT WOS:000297330600004 ER PT J AU Carlson, AD AF Carlson, A. D. TI The neutron cross section standards, evaluations and applications SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID NN COUPLING-CONSTANT; ENERGY-RANGE; DETECTOR; FISSION; SCATTERING; U-235; LI-6(N,T)HE-4; SCINTILLATOR AB The measurement of a neutron cross section can be simplified if it is measured relative to a neutron cross section standard. Then it is not necessary to measure the neutron fluence. The standards in effect provide determinations of the neutron fluence. These standards are not defined standards but instead working standards. As such it is important to make measurements to improve the quality of the standards. Also better techniques for evaluating the standards must be promoted. The history of the evaluation process for the standards is discussed from the first rather primitive one to the latest very sophisticated evaluation that was an international cooperative effort. An overview of the main detectors used for applications of the standards is given. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Carlson, AD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, STOP 8463, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carlson@nist.gov NR 90 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD DEC PY 2011 VL 48 IS 6 BP S328 EP S345 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/48/6/S09 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 852EA UT WOS:000297330600010 ER PT J AU Hunsicker, ME Ciannelli, L Bailey, KM Buckel, JA White, JW Link, JS Essington, TE Gaichas, S Anderson, TW Brodeur, RD Chan, KS Chen, K Englund, G Frank, KT Freitas, V Hixon, MA Hurst, T Johnson, DW Kitchell, JF Reese, D Rose, GA Sjodin, H Sydeman, WJ van der Veer, HW Vollset, K Zador, S AF Hunsicker, Mary E. Ciannelli, Lorenzo Bailey, Kevin M. Buckel, Jeffrey A. White, J. Wilson Link, Jason S. Essington, Timothy E. Gaichas, Sarah Anderson, Todd W. Brodeur, Richard D. Chan, Kung-Sik Chen, Kun Englund, Goran Frank, Kenneth T. Freitas, Vania Hixon, Mark A. Hurst, Thomas Johnson, Darren W. Kitchell, James F. Reese, Doug Rose, George A. Sjodin, Henrik Sydeman, William J. van der Veer, Henk W. Vollset, Knut Zador, Stephani TI Functional responses and scaling in predator-prey interactions of marine fishes: contemporary issues and emerging concepts SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Review DE Ecosystem models; individual-based models; marine fisheries; multi-species model; predator responses; predation; population regulation; scaling ID DENSITY-DEPENDENT MORTALITY; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; SINGLE-SPECIES MODELS; FOOD-WEB; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEM MODELS; INGESTION RATES; NORTH-SEA; BEHAVIOR AB Predatorprey interactions are a primary structuring force vital to the resilience of marine communities and sustainability of the worlds oceans. Human influences on marine ecosystems mediate changes in species interactions. This generality is evinced by the cascading effects of overharvesting top predators on the structure and function of marine ecosystems. It follows that ecological forecasting, ecosystem management, and marine spatial planning require a better understanding of food web relationships. Characterising and scaling predatorprey interactions for use in tactical and strategic tools (i.e. multi-species management and ecosystem models) are paramount in this effort. Here, we explore what issues are involved and must be considered to advance the use of predatorprey theory in the context of marine fisheries science. We address pertinent contemporary ecological issues including (1) the approaches and complexities of evaluating predator responses in marine systems; (2) the scaling up of predatorprey interactions to the population, community, and ecosystem level; (3) the role of predatorprey theory in contemporary fisheries and ecosystem modelling approaches; and (4) directions for the future. Our intent is to point out needed research directions that will improve our understanding of predatorprey interactions in the context of the sustainable marine fisheries and ecosystem management. C1 [Hunsicker, Mary E.; Ciannelli, Lorenzo; Reese, Doug] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bailey, Kevin M.; Gaichas, Sarah; Hurst, Thomas; Zador, Stephani] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Buckel, Jeffrey A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [White, J. Wilson] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Link, Jason S.] NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Essington, Timothy E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Anderson, Todd W.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Chan, Kung-Sik; Chen, Kun] Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Englund, Goran; Sjodin, Henrik] Umea Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Frank, Kenneth T.] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Freitas, Vania; van der Veer, Henk W.] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. [Freitas, Vania] Univ Porto, CIMAR CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Ctr Marine & Environm Res, P-4050123 Oporto, Portugal. [Hixon, Mark A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Johnson, Darren W.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, NCEAS, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Kitchell, James F.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Rose, George A.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Fisheries & Marine Inst, St John, NF A1C 5R3, Canada. [Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94975 USA. [Vollset, Knut] Lab Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. RP Hunsicker, ME (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mhunsicker@coas.oregonstate.edu RI Freitas, Vania /F-3132-2012; Hurst, Thomas/N-1401-2013; Scientific output, CIIMAR/E-5122-2012; van der Veer, Henk/I-5383-2016; OI Freitas, Vania /0000-0003-2097-1704; Scientific output, CIIMAR/0000-0001-6270-2153; van der Veer, Henk/0000-0001-5035-661X; Englund, Goran/0000-0001-5634-8602 FU NSF/NOAA FX This manuscript is a product of the workshop 'Predator-prey interactions in marine ecosystems' held at Oregon State University on March 16-18, 2010. We thank the joint NSF/NOAA Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO) programme for funding this work. We thank L. Fuiman, F. Guichard, G. Huse, B. Laurel, C. Mollmann, S. Neuenfeldt, A. Rindorf and J. Zhu for their valuable contributions to the workshop discussions. We also thank the journal Editors and anonymous referees for their comments and suggestions for improving this manuscript. NR 99 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 6 U2 100 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 14 IS 12 BP 1288 EP 1299 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01696.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 849TG UT WOS:000297147500012 PM 21985428 ER PT J AU Lee, JSF Berejikian, BA Rust, MB Massee, K Wright, T Brakensiek, K Steltzner, S Blankenship, HL AF Lee, Jonathan S. F. Berejikian, Barry A. Rust, Michael B. Massee, Ken Wright, Terry Brakensiek, Kyle Steltzner, Scott Blankenship, H. Lee TI Movements of hatchery-reared lingcod released on rocky reefs in Puget Sound SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article ID OPHIODON-ELONGATUS; STOCK ENHANCEMENT; COASTAL FISHERIES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; TAGGED LINGCOD; HOMING ROUTES; HOME RANGES; FISH; BAY; WASHINGTON AB Fourteen sub-adult hatchery-reared lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) were released onto reefs in South Puget Sound, Washington, USA to evaluate their movement behavior. Acoustic telemetry revealed variation in movement among individuals that was related to body size. Larger lingcod tended to leave the release reef sooner than smaller lingcod. Four lingcod left the reefs less than 10 days after release, while three lingcod left between one and 4 months after release. Seven lingcod remained at the release reefs for the entire 5-month study, though they did make apparent short-term (< 24 h duration) excursions away from the reefs. Data suggest that the frequency and duration of excursions increase with age and size in both wild and hatchery lingcod. Movement data from these hatchery lingcod and previously published studies on wild lingcod are compared. C1 [Lee, Jonathan S. F.; Berejikian, Barry A.; Rust, Michael B.; Massee, Ken] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Wright, Terry] NW Indian Fisheries Commiss, Olympia, WA 98516 USA. [Steltzner, Scott] Squaxin Isl Tribe, Shelton, WA 98584 USA. [Blankenship, H. Lee] NW Marine Technol, Tumwater, WA 98501 USA. RP Lee, JSF (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM jon.lee@noaa.gov FU Science Consortium for Ocean Replenishment (SCORE) FX The authors thank Kelly Andrews for providing acoustic telemetry data on lingcod #83, Megan Moore for making Fig. 1, the Tacoma dive club, including Mark LaRiviere and Dave DeGroot, for diving, and Karen Grace-Martin for statistical advice. Tom Flagg, Mark LaRiviere, Nick Tolimieri, Culum Brown, and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript with constructive comments. JSFL was supported by funds from the Science Consortium for Ocean Replenishment (SCORE) during part of the data analysis and manuscript preparation. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of funding agencies. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2011 VL 92 IS 4 BP 437 EP 445 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9859-2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 843AM UT WOS:000296644300002 ER PT J AU Hitt, S Pittman, SJ Brown, KA AF Hitt, Steven Pittman, Simon J. Brown, Kerry A. TI Tracking and mapping sun-synchronous migrations and diel space use patterns of Haemulon sciurus and Lutjanus apodus in the US Virgin Islands SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Acoustic telemetry; Fish; Movement; Space use; Diel migrations; Caribbean ID HOME-RANGE SIZE; MANGROVE-SEAGRASS ECOTONE; SOUTHWESTERN PUERTO-RICO; TAKE MARINE RESERVE; CORAL-REEF; HABITAT UTILIZATION; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; PREDATION RISK; SITE FIDELITY; FISH AB The spatially explicit diel movement patterns of fish using coral reef ecosystems are not well understood, despite the widespread recognition that many common species undergo distinct migrations to utilize different resources during night and day. We used manual acoustic telemetry coupled with global positioning technology to track the detailed spatially explicit daily movements (24 h) of multiple individuals of two common Caribbean fish species, Haemulon sciurus (bluestriped grunt) and Lutjanus apodus (schoolmaster snapper). Movement pathways and day and night activity spaces were mapped and quantified in a Geographic Information System (GIS). Directional sun-synchronous migrations occurred close to astronomical sunset and sunrise. Site fidelity within day and night activity spaces was high. Nine of twelve individuals exhibited overlap of day and night activity spaces and three fish (L. apodus) exhibited complete spatial segregation. Night activity spaces (H. sciurus: 11,309 +/- 3,548 m(2); L. apodus: 9,950 +/- 3,120 m(2)) were significantly larger than day activity spaces (H. sciurus: 2,778 +/- 1,979 m(2); L. apodus: 1,291 +/- 636 m(2)). The distance between sequential position fixes (step lengths) was significantly greater at night than day, indicative of nocturnal foraging and day resting behavior. Integrating acoustic telemetry, GIS techniques and spatial statistics to study fish movement behavior revealed both individual variability and some broader generality in movement paths and activity spaces suggestive of complex underlying behavioral mechanisms influencing diel movements. C1 [Hitt, Steven; Pittman, Simon J.] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. [Pittman, Simon J.] NOAA NOS NCCOS CCMA, Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Brown, Kerry A.] Kingston Univ London, Sch Geog Geol & Environm, Kingston Upon Thames KT1 1LQ, Surrey, England. RP Pittman, SJ (reprint author), Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, 2 John Brewers Bay, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. EM simon.pittman@noaa.gov FU NOAA; University of the Virgin Islands FX This research was supported by a NOAA cooperative agreement with the University of the Virgin Islands. We thank the staff of NOAA's Biogeography Branch for providing logistical support and acoustic tracking equipment and the National Park Service on St. John for their cooperation while operating within the Virgin Islands National Park. We would also like to thank the numerous UVI volunteers who helped to collect the 288 h of fish tracking data in all weather conditions. Finally, we would like to extend our gratitude to the anonymous reviewers of this manuscript for their constructive comments. NR 59 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2011 VL 92 IS 4 BP 525 EP 538 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9875-2 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 843AM UT WOS:000296644300010 ER PT J AU Palm, BD Koester, DM Driggers, WB Sulikowski, JA AF Palm, Brittany D. Koester, David M. Driggers, William B., III Sulikowski, James A. TI Seasonal variation in fecundity, egg case viability, gestation, and neonate size for little skates, Leucoraja erinacea, in the Gulf of Maine SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Rajidae; k-selected; Reproduction; Fecundity; Oviparous ID PREDATION; LIZARDS AB Landings of the little skate, Leucoraja erinacea, within the territorial waters of the United States are currently regulated by a federal fishery management plan (FMP). For a FMP to be effective, thorough knowledge of a species' reproductive biology is essential. Currently, little information exists on annual fecundity, egg case viability, gestation length, and neonate total length, for the little skate in the Gulf of Maine. To study these reproductive parameters, mature skates and egg cases were housed in fiberglass tanks with an open seawater system that provided natural, seasonal fluctuations in water temperature. Egg case deposition was highest during summer months with a seasonal peak in June. Of the 324 egg cases laid by seven females (c. 46 eggs per year, per female), 74.1% were viable. Gestation lengths ranged from 22 to 54 weeks throughout the four seasons. Egg cases laid in the fall had the longest gestation times (44.9 weeks, +/- 0.13 weeks) and those laid in the spring had the shortest gestation times (24.5 weeks, +/- 0.21 weeks). Total lengths of neonates from spring oviposition were statistically the longest (10.74 +/- 0.05 cm) when compared to neonates from other seasons; however, egg viability was statistically the lowest for spring when compared seasonally. C1 [Palm, Brittany D.; Sulikowski, James A.] Univ New England, Ctr Marine Sci, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. [Koester, David M.] Univ New England, Dept Anat, Coll Osteopath Med, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. [Driggers, William B., III] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. RP Palm, BD (reprint author), Univ New England, Ctr Marine Sci, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. EM bpalm@une.edu NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2011 VL 92 IS 4 BP 585 EP 589 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9854-7 PG 5 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 843AM UT WOS:000296644300015 ER PT J AU Link, JS Nye, JA Hare, JA AF Link, Jason S. Nye, Janet A. Hare, Jonathan A. TI Guidelines for incorporating fish distribution shifts into a fisheries management context SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Climate change; decision trees; distribution; extended stock assessment models; shifting fisheries; spatially explicit models ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN COD; RESPONSES; IMPACTS AB The impacts of climate change have been demonstrated to influence fisheries resources. One way climate has affected fish stocks is via persistent shifts in spatio-temporal distribution. Although examples of climate-forced distribution shifts abound, it is unclear how these shifts are practically accounted for in the management of fish stocks. In particular, how can we take into account shifting stock distribution in the context of stock assessments and their management outputs? Here, we discuss examples of the types of fish stock distribution shifts that can occur. We then propose a decision tree framework of how shifting stock distributions can be addressed. Generally, the approaches for addressing such shifts fall into one of three main alternatives: re-evaluate stock identification, re-evaluate a stock unit area, or implement spatially explicit modelling. We conclude by asserting that the approach recommended here is feasible with existing information and as such fisheries managers should be able to begin addressing the role of changes in stock distribution in these fish stocks. The implications of not doing so could be notably undesirable. C1 [Link, Jason S.; Nye, Janet A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hare, Jonathan A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Link, JS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Jason.Link@noaa.gov FU NMFS FX We thank NEFSC personnel who have maintained, supported and populated some very large and valuable survey databases that spurred on our thinking on this topic. We thank our EcoAP colleagues who allowed us to discuss and contemplate these ideas. We thank S. Cadrin, K. Friedland, F. Serchuk and also two anonymous reviewers who provided helpful comments on prior versions of the manuscript. This work was partially supported by a NMFS Fisheries and the Environmental (FATE) Grant. NR 43 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1467-2960 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 12 IS 4 BP 461 EP 469 DI 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2010.00398.x PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 849VW UT WOS:000297154400007 ER PT J AU Migliaccio, M Nunziata, F Montuori, A Li, XF Pichel, WG AF Migliaccio, Maurizio Nunziata, Ferdinando Montuori, Antonio Li, Xiaofeng Pichel, William G. TI A Multifrequency Polarimetric SAR Processing Chain to Observe Oil Fields in the Gulf of Mexico SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Gulf of Mexico; man-made metallic target detection; oil spill detection; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID RADAR POLARIMETRY; SLICK OBSERVATION; SPILL DETECTION; IMAGES; SEA; ALGORITHM; MUELLER; SHIP AB Within the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, multiplatform synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is being used to aid posthurricane and postaccident response efforts in the Gulf of Mexico, such as in the case of the recent Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The main areas of interest related to such disasters are the following: 1) to identify oil pipeline leaks and other oil spills at sea and 2) to detect man-made metallic targets over the sea. Within the context of disaster monitoring and response, an innovative processing chain is proposed to observe oil fields (i.e., oil spills and man-made metallic targets) using both L-and C-band full-resolution and fully polarimetric SAR data. The processing chain consists of two steps. The first one, based on the standard deviation of the phase difference between the copolarized channels, allows oil monitoring. The second one, based on the different symmetry properties that characterize man-made metallic targets and natural distributed ones, allows man-made metallic target observation. Experiments, accomplished over single-look complex L-band Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) and C-band RADARSAT-2 fully polarimetric SAR data gathered in the Gulf of Mexico and related to the Deepwater Horizon accident, show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Furthermore, the proposed approach, being able to process both L- and C-band fully polarimetric and full-resolution SAR measurements, can take full benefit of both the ALOS PALSAR and RADARSAT-2 missions, and therefore, it allows enhancing the revisit time and coverage which are very critical issues in oil field observation. C1 [Migliaccio, Maurizio; Nunziata, Ferdinando; Montuori, Antonio] Univ Napoli Parthenope, Dipartimento Tecnol, I-80143 Naples, Italy. [Li, Xiaofeng] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, IM Syst Grp, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Pichel, William G.] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Migliaccio, M (reprint author), Univ Napoli Parthenope, Dipartimento Tecnol, I-80143 Naples, Italy. EM maurizio.migliaccio@uniparthenope.it; ferdinando.nunziata@uniparthenope.it; antonio.montuori@uniparthenope.it; Xiaofeng.Li@noaa.gov; William.G.Pichel@noaa.gov RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Nunziata, Ferdinando/D-4054-2012; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008; OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Nunziata, Ferdinando/0000-0003-4567-0377; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119; migliaccio, maurizio/0000-0002-8363-3502 NR 39 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 24 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2011 VL 49 IS 12 SI SI BP 4729 EP 4737 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2158828 PN 1 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 851OU UT WOS:000297281500005 ER PT J AU Yang, XF Li, XF Pichel, WG Li, ZW AF Yang, Xiaofeng Li, Xiaofeng Pichel, William G. Li, Ziwei TI Comparison of Ocean Surface Winds From ENVISAT ASAR, MetOp ASCAT Scatterometer, Buoy Measurements, and NOGAPS Model SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT); buoy; ocean surface wind; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID RADARSAT-1 SAR; RETRIEVAL; FORECASTS; SATELLITE; QUIKSCAT; WATERS; SPEEDS; IMPACT AB In this paper, we perform a comparison of wind speed measurements from the ENVISAT Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR), the MetOp-A Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT), the U.S. National Data Buoy Center's moored buoys, and the U.S. Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) model. These comparisons were made in near U.S. coast regions over a 17-month period from March 2009 to July 2010. The ASAR wind speed retrieval agreed well with the scatterometer and model estimates, with mean differences ranging from -0.69 to 0.85 m/s and standard deviations between 1.16 and 1.77 m/s, depending upon the ASAR beam mode type. The results indicate that ASAR-derived ocean surface wind speeds are as accurate as the ASCAT and NOGAPS wind products. Comparisons between ASCAT winds and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) winds averaged at different spatial resolutions show very little change. This demonstrates that it is suitable that the scatterometer wind retrieval geophysical model function, i.e., CMOD5, is used for SAR wind retrieval. The impact of C-band VV polarization SAR calibration error on wind retrieval is also discussed. C1 [Yang, Xiaofeng; Li, Ziwei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofeng] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, IM Syst Grp Inc, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Pichel, William G.] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Satellite Oceanog & Climatol Div, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Yang, XF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM yangxf@irsa.ac.cn; xiaofeng.li@noaa.gov; William.G.Pichel@noaa.gov; lizw@irsa.ac.cn RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; yang, xiaofeng/K-5245-2015; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; yang, xiaofeng/0000-0001-9920-4641; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 19 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2011 VL 49 IS 12 SI SI BP 4743 EP 4750 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2159802 PN 1 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 851OU UT WOS:000297281500007 ER PT J AU Uyaguari, MI Fichot, EB Scott, GI Norman, RS AF Uyaguari, Miguel I. Fichot, Erin B. Scott, Geoffrey I. Norman, R. Sean TI Characterization and Quantitation of a Novel beta-Lactamase Gene Found in a Wastewater Treatment Facility and the Surrounding Coastal Ecosystem SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; TREATMENT PLANTS; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SURFACE WATERS; BACTERIA; FATE; SEDIMENT AB Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are engineered structures that collect, concentrate, and treat human waste, ultimately releasing treated wastewater into local environments. While WWTPs efficiently remove most biosolids, it has been shown that many antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria can survive the treatment process. To determine how WWTPs influence the concentration and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant genes into the environment, a functional metagenomic approach was used to identify a novel antibiotic resistance gene within a WWTP, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to determine gene copy numbers within the facility and the local coastal ecosystem. From the WWTP metagenomic library, the fosmid insert contained in one highly resistant clone (MIC, similar to 416 mu g ml(-1) ampicillin) was sequenced and annotated, revealing 33 putative genes, including a 927-bp gene that is 42% identical to a functionally characterized beta-lactamase from Staphylococcus aureus PC1. Isolation and subcloning of this gene, referred to as bla(M-1), conferred ampicillin resistance to its Escherichia coli host. When normalized to volume, qPCR showed increased concentrations of bla(M-1) during initial treatment stages but 2-fold-decreased concentrations during the final treatment stage. The concentration ng(-1) DNA increased throughout the WWTP process from influent to effluent, suggesting that bla(M-1) makes up a significant proportion of the overall genetic material being released into the coastal ecosystem. Average discharge was estimated to be 3.9 x 10(14) copies of the bla(M-1) gene released daily into this coastal ecosystem. Furthermore, the gene was observed in all sampled coastal water and sediment samples surrounding the facility. Our results suggest that WWTPs may be a pathway for the dissemination of novel antibiotic resistance genes into the environment. C1 [Uyaguari, Miguel I.; Fichot, Erin B.; Scott, Geoffrey I.; Norman, R. Sean] Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Scott, Geoffrey I.] US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Norman, RS (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, 921 Assembly St,Suite 401, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM rsnorman@sc.edu OI Norman, Sean/0000-0003-4766-4376 FU South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium and Slocum-Lunz [21600-KA43]; USC, School of Public Health; Arnold School of Public Health FX This work was supported by the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium and Slocum-Lunz grant no. 21600-KA43. Academic support and scholarship for M.I.U. were granted by an Arnold Fellowship (USC, School of Public Health). Arnold School of Public Health seed grant funds were provided for R.S.N. NR 62 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 77 IS 23 BP 8226 EP 8233 DI 10.1128/AEM.02732-10 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 849ZL UT WOS:000297164100004 PM 21965412 ER PT J AU Cimini, D Campos, E Ware, R Albers, S Giuliani, G Oreamuno, J Joe, P Koch, SE Cober, S Westwater, E AF Cimini, Domenico Campos, Edwin Ware, Randolph (Stick) Albers, Steve Giuliani, Graziano Oreamuno, Jeos Joe, Paul Koch, Steve E. Cober, Stewart Westwater, Ed TI Thermodynamic Atmospheric Profiling During the 2010 Winter Olympics Using Ground-Based Microwave Radiometry SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric measurements; Bayesian variational methods; radiometry ID WATER-VAPOR PROFILES; TEMPERATURE; PRECIPITATION; RETRIEVAL; SYSTEM AB Ground-based microwave radiometer profilers in the 20-60-GHz range operate continuously at numerous sites in different climate regions. Recent work suggests that a 1-D variational (1-DVAR) technique, coupling radiometric observations with outputs from a numerical weather prediction model, may outperform traditional retrieval methods for temperature and humidity profiling. The 1-DVAR technique is applied here to observations from a commercially available microwave radiometer deployed at Whistler, British Columbia, which was operated by Environment Canada to support nowcasting and short-term weather forecasting during the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. The analysis period included rain, sleet, and snow events (similar to 235-mm total accumulation and rates up to 18 mm/h). The 1-DVAR method is applied "quasi-operationally," i.e., as it could have been applied in real time, as no data were culled. The 1-DVAR-achieved accuracy has been evaluated by using simultaneous radiosonde and ceilometer observations as reference. For atmospheric profiling from the surface to 10 km, we obtain retrieval errors within 1.5 K for temperature and 0.5 g/m(3) for water vapor density. The retrieval accuracy for column-integrated water vapor is 0.8 kg/m(2), with small bias (-0.1 kg/m(2)) and excellent correlation (0.96). The retrieval of cloud properties shows a high probability of detection of cloud/no cloud (0.8/0.9, respectively), low false-alarm ratio (0.1), and cloud-base height estimate error within similar to 0.60 km. C1 [Cimini, Domenico] Italian Natl Res Council CNR, Inst Methodol Environm Anal IMAA, I-85050 Tito, Italy. [Cimini, Domenico; Giuliani, Graziano] Univ Aquila, Ctr Excellence Severe Weather Forecast CETEMPS, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Campos, Edwin] Argonne Natl Lab, Comp Environm & Life Sci Directorate, Atmospher Radiat Measurement ARM Climate Res Faci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ware, Randolph (Stick); Oreamuno, Jeos] Radiometr Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Ware, Randolph (Stick)] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Ware, Randolph (Stick); Westwater, Ed] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Albers, Steve] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Albers, Steve] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Joe, Paul; Cober, Stewart] Environm Canada, Meteorol Res Div, Sci & Technol Branch, Cloud Phys & Severe Weather Res Sect ARMP, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Koch, Steve E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Cimini, D (reprint author), Italian Natl Res Council CNR, Inst Methodol Environm Anal IMAA, I-85050 Tito, Italy. EM cimini@imaa.cnr.it; ecam-pos@anl.gov; ware@radiometrics.com; Steve.Albers@noaa.gov; ggiulian@ictp.it; jeos@radiometrics.com; paul.joe@ec.gc.ca; Steven.Koch@noaa.gov; stewart.cober@ec.gc.ca; ed.r.westwater@colorado.edu RI Campos, Edwin/A-5601-2008; Cimini, Domenico/M-8707-2013 OI Campos, Edwin/0000-0003-3766-7485; Cimini, Domenico/0000-0002-5962-223X FU Environment Canada; project Science of Nowcasting Olympic Weather for Vancouver [SNOW-V10]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (IMAA), Italian National Research Council (CNR) FX Manuscript received October 4, 2010; revised March 2, 2011; accepted April 23, 2011. Date of publication June 29, 2011; date of current version November 23, 2011. This work was supported in part by Environment Canada, the project Science of Nowcasting Olympic Weather for Vancouver 2010 (SNOW-V10) and in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The work of D. Cimini was supported by the Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (IMAA), Italian National Research Council (CNR). NR 29 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2011 VL 49 IS 12 BP 4959 EP 4969 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2154337 PN 2 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 851PC UT WOS:000297282300001 ER PT J AU Remley, KA AF Remley, Kate A. TI Happy Trails SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Remley, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. EM microwave.editor@ieee.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1527-3342 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 12 IS 7 BP 6 EP 12 DI 10.1109/MMM.2011.943078 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 895RE UT WOS:000300513200001 ER PT J AU Kinsinger, CR Apffel, J Baker, M Bian, XP Borchers, CH Bradshaw, R Brusniak, MY Chan, DW Deutsch, EW Domon, B Gorman, J Grimm, R Hancock, W Hermjakob, H Horn, D Hunter, C Kolar, P Kraus, HJ Langen, H Linding, R Moritz, RL Omenn, GS Orlando, R Pandey, A Ping, PP Rahbar, A Rivers, R Seymour, SL Simpson, RJ Slotta, D Smith, RD Stein, SE Tabb, DL Tagle, D Yates, JR Rodriguez, H AF Kinsinger, Christopher R. Apffel, James Baker, Mark Bian, Xiaopeng Borchers, Christoph H. Bradshaw, Ralph Brusniak, Mi-Youn Chan, Daniel W. Deutsch, Eric W. Domon, Bruno Gorman, Jeff Grimm, Rudolf Hancock, William Hermjakob, Henning Horn, David Hunter, Christie Kolar, Patrik Kraus, Hans-Joachim Langen, Hanno Linding, Rune Moritz, Robert L. Omenn, Gilbert S. Orlando, Ron Pandey, Akhilesh Ping, Peipei Rahbar, Amir Rivers, Robert Seymour, Sean L. Simpson, Richard J. Slotta, Douglas Smith, Richard D. Stein, Stephen E. Tabb, David L. Tagle, Danilo Yates, John R., III Rodriguez, Henry TI Recommendations for Mass Spectrometry Data Quality Metrics for Open Access Data (Corollary to the Amsterdam Principles) SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION DATA; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; PEPTIDE IDENTIFICATION; CLINICAL PROTEOMICS; MINIMUM INFORMATION; STATISTICAL-MODEL; GUIDELINES; RESOURCE; SPECTRA; REPRODUCIBILITY AB Policies supporting the rapid and open sharing of proteomic data are being implemented by the leading journals in the field. The proteomics community is taking steps to ensure that data are made publicly accessible and are of high quality, a challenging task that requires the development and deployment of methods for measuring and documenting data quality metrics. On September 18, 2010, the United States National Cancer Institute convened the "International Workshop on Proteomic Data Quality Metrics" in Sydney, Australia, to identify and address issues facing the development and use of such methods for open access proteomics data. The stakeholders at the workshop enumerated the key principles underlying a framework for data quality assessment in mass spectrometry data that will meet the needs of the research community, journals, funding agencies, and data repositories. Attendees discussed and agreed up on two primary needs for the wide use of quality metrics: 1) an evolving list of comprehensive quality metrics and 2) standards accompanied by software analytics. Attendees stressed the importance of increased education and training programs to promote reliable protocols in proteomics. This workshop report explores the historic precedents, key discussions, and necessary next steps to enhance the quality of open access data. By agreement, this article is published simultaneously in the Journal of Proteome Research, Molecular and Cellular Proteomics, Proteomics, and Proteomics Clinical Applications as a public service to the research community. The peer review process was a coordinated effort conducted by a panel of referees selected by the journals. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 10: 10.1074/mcp.O111.015446, 1-9, 2011. C1 [Kinsinger, Christopher R.] NCI, Off Canc Clin Prote Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Agilent Res Labs, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. Macquarie Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. NCI, Ctr Bioinformat & Informat Technol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Victoria, Genome BC Prote Ctr, Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada. Univ Calif San Francisco, Mass Spectrometry Facil, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Inst Syst Biol, Cellular & Mol Log Unit, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA. CRP Sante, Luxembourg Clin Prote Ctr, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg. Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Queensland Inst Med Res, Prot Discovery Ctr, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia. Agilent Technol, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. European Bioinformat Inst, Prote Serv, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. Thermo Fisher Sci, Prote Software Strateg Mkt, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. AB SCIEX, Foster City, CA 94404 USA. Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Res, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium. Hoffmann La Roche AG, Exploratory Biomarkers, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland. Wiley VCH, D-69469 Weinheim, Germany. Tech Univ Denmark, Cellular Signal Integrat Grp, Dept Syst Biol, Ctr Biol Sequence Anal, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Univ Michigan, Ctr Computat Med & Bioinformat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. La Trobe Univ, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Reference Data Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Vanderbilt Ingram Canc Ctr, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Kinsinger, CR (reprint author), NCI, Off Canc Clin Prote Res, NIH, 31 Ctr Dr,MSC 2580, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM kinsingc@mail.nih.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Simpson, Richard/A-6947-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; FU NHGRI NIH HHS [RC2 HG005805]; NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM076547] NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 EI 1535-9484 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD DEC PY 2011 VL 10 IS 12 AR O111.015446-1 DI 10.1074/mcp.O111.015446-1 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 865DF UT WOS:000298290300002 PM 22052993 ER PT J AU Sakulich, AR AF Sakulich, Aaron Richard TI Reinforced geopolymer composites for enhanced material greenness and durability SO SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE Supplementary cementitious materials; Fly ash; Geopolymer; Sustainability; Fiber-reinforced composites AB The environmental impact of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is significant because its production emits large amounts of CO2. Further, OPC durability is limited largely due to inherent brittleness. This review examines the environmental and economic impacts of OPC. Using supplementary cementitious materials to enhance material greenness or produce alternative binders such as geopolymers is discussed. This is followed by a review of recent efforts to increase durability through fiber reinforcement. Finally, the current state of the art of geopolymer composites (with both high material greenness and high durability) is discussed along with opportunities and challenges for these promising materials. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sakulich, Aaron Richard] NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sakulich, AR (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, 100 Bur Dr Stop 7313, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM aaron.sakulich@nist.gov OI Sakulich, Aaron/0000-0002-6796-4045 NR 159 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2210-6715 J9 SUSTAIN CITIES SOC JI Sust. Cities Soc. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 1 IS 4 BP 195 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.scs.2011.07.009 PG 16 WC Construction & Building Technology; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Construction & Building Technology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA V41NS UT WOS:000209553500002 ER PT J AU Lazzara, MA Coletti, A Diedrich, BL AF Lazzara, Matthew A. Coletti, Alex Diedrich, Benjamin L. TI The possibilities of polar meteorology, environmental remote sensing, communications and space weather applications from Artificial Lagrange Orbit SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Artificial Lagrange Orbit; Solar sail; Remote sensing; Space weather; Polar meteorology; Satellite composite ID SATELLITE AB The ability to observe meteorological events in the polar regions of the Earth from satellite celebrated an anniversary, with the launch of TIROS-I in a pseudo-polar orbit on 1 April 1960. Yet, after 50 years, polar orbiting satellites are still the best view of the polar regions of the Earth. The luxuries of geostationary satellite orbit including rapid scan operations, feature tracking, and atmospheric motion vectors (or cloud drift winds), are enjoyed only by the middle and tropical latitudes or perhaps only cover the deep polar regions in the case of satellite derived winds from polar orbit. The prospect of a solar sailing satellite system in an Artificial Lagrange Orbit (ALO, also known as "pole sitters") offers the opportunity for polar environmental remote sensing, communications, forecasting and space weather monitoring. While there are other orbital possibilities to achieve this goal, an ALO satellite system offers one of the best analogs to the geostationary satellite system for routine polar latitude observations. A summary is given of the current on-going activities using composite satellite imagery over both Arctic and Antarctic regions. The use of both polar orbiting and geostationary satellite imagery together currently provide the best continental and hemispheric view of these regions, and provide an analog for what could be possible from an ALO satellite platform. How the composites are made as well as a brief description of applications is discussed. Potential user applications of environmental remote sensing from an ALO satellite platform are outlined along with critical space weather observations. In addition, the increasing need for communication and data relay in the remote polar-regions is reviewed along with an ALO satellite system potential capability to relay data from other satellite constellations. These current efforts foreshadow only a portion of the possibilities that are desired by the user community. (C) 2011 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lazzara, Matthew A.] Univ Wisconsin, Antarctic Meteorol Res Ctr, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Coletti, Alex] SM Res Corp, Washington, DC 20706 USA. [Diedrich, Benjamin L.] NOAA Satellite & Informat Serv, Off Syst Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Lazzara, MA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Antarctic Meteorol Res Ctr, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mattl@ssec.wisc.edu; acoletti@smrcusa.com; ben.diedrich@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [ANT-0537827, ARC-0713843, ANT-0838834] FX The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments in improving this manuscript. The authors would like to acknowledge the National Science Foundation Grants #ANT-0537827, #ARC-0713843, and #ANT-0838834 for partial support of this activity. Thanks also to Pat Mulligan at NOAA for her encouragement over the years. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this article are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2011 VL 48 IS 11 BP 1880 EP 1889 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2011.04.026 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 843NY UT WOS:000296680100019 ER PT J AU Pollanen, R Siiskonen, T Ihantola, S Toivonen, H Pelikan, A Inn, K La Rosa, J Bene, B AF Pollanen, Roy Siiskonen, Teemu Ihantola, Sakari Toivonen, Harri Pelikan, Andreas Inn, Kenneth La Rosa, Jerome Bene, Balazs TI Activity determination without tracers in high-resolution alpha-particle spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Alpha spectrometry; Spectrum unfolding; Tracer; Plutonium ID SIMULATION; CODE AB High-resolution alpha spectrometry was applied for the activity determination of 10 reference sources containing different amounts of (238)Pu, (239)Pu, (240)Pu and (242)Pu. They were analyzed as blind sources using a novel spectrum analysis tool ADAM. The information needed in the spectrum unfolding was taken only from the spectrum under investigation, and no tracers were applied. Therefore, a Monte Carlo program AASI was used to compute geometrical detection efficiency of the measurement setup. All reported activities corresponded to those of the reference sources within expanded uncertainty. The developed tools can be used for the activity determination in nondestructive alpha spectrometry or when the radionuclide composition does not change during the sample processing. C1 [Pollanen, Roy; Siiskonen, Teemu; Ihantola, Sakari; Toivonen, Harri] STUK Radiat & Nucl Safety Author, Helsinki 00881, Finland. [Pelikan, Andreas] Dienstleitungen Automat Datenverarbeitung & Infor, Osterreich, Austria. [Inn, Kenneth; La Rosa, Jerome; Bene, Balazs] NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Radioact Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pollanen, R (reprint author), STUK Radiat & Nucl Safety Author, POB 14, Helsinki 00881, Finland. EM roy.pollanen@stuk.fi OI Ihantola, Sakari/0000-0003-0630-6724 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 290 IS 3 BP 551 EP 555 DI 10.1007/s10967-011-1379-1 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 843AO UT WOS:000296644500004 ER PT J AU Zook, JM MacCuspie, RI Locascio, LE Halter, MD Elliott, JT AF Zook, Justin M. MacCuspie, Robert I. Locascio, Laurie E. Halter, Melissa D. Elliott, John T. TI Stable nanoparticle aggregates/agglomerates of different sizes and the effect of their size on hemolytic cytotoxicity SO NANOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nanotoxicity; silver and gold colloids; hemolysis; engineered nanomaterials ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES; IN-VITRO; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CELLS; AGGREGATION; DISPERSION; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE AB To study the toxicity of nanoparticles under relevant conditions, it is critical to disperse nanoparticles reproducibly in different agglomeration states in aqueous solutions compatible with cell-based assays. Here, we disperse gold, silver, cerium oxide, and positively-charged polystyrene nanoparticles in cell culture media, using the timing between mixing steps to control agglomerate size in otherwise identical media. These protein-stabilized dispersions are generally stable for at least two days, with mean agglomerate sizes of similar to 23 nm silver nanoparticles ranging from 43-1400 nm and average relative standard deviations of less than 10%. Mixing rate, timing between mixing steps and nanoparticle concentration are shown to be critical for achieving reproducible dispersions. We characterize the size distributions of agglomerated nanoparticles by further developing dynamic light scattering theory and diffusion limited colloidal aggregation theory. These theories frequently affect the estimated size by a factor of two or more. Finally, we demonstrate the importance of controlling agglomeration by showing that large agglomerates of silver nanoparticles cause significantly less hemolytic toxicity than small agglomerates. C1 [Zook, Justin M.; Locascio, Laurie E.; Halter, Melissa D.; Elliott, John T.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [MacCuspie, Robert I.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zook, JM (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8313, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jzook@nist.gov RI Zook, Justin/B-7000-2008; OI Zook, Justin/0000-0003-2309-8402; MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499 FU National Research Council at NIST; National Science Foundation through the NIST FX JMZ was funded by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship at NIST. MDH was supported in part by the National Science Foundation's Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program through the NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program. The authors report no conflict of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. NR 40 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 76 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1743-5390 J9 NANOTOXICOLOGY JI Nanotoxicology PD DEC PY 2011 VL 5 IS 4 BP 517 EP 530 DI 10.3109/17435390.2010.536615 PG 14 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA 842WS UT WOS:000296633100006 PM 21142841 ER PT J AU Taurozzi, JS Hackley, VA Wiesner, MR AF Taurozzi, Julian S. Hackley, Vincent A. Wiesner, Mark R. TI Ultrasonic dispersion of nanoparticles for environmental, health and safety assessment - issues and recommendations SO NANOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Environmental assessment; toxicology; nanoparticle; nanomaterial; ultrasonics; sonication; dispersion; suspension ID SERUM-ALBUMIN BSA; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; DISSOLVED-GASES; PARTICLE-SIZE; IN-VITRO; IRRADIATION; ACID; SONOCHEMISTRY; DEGRADATION AB Studies designed to investigate the environmental or biological interactions of nanoscale materials frequently rely on the use of ultrasound (sonication) to prepare test suspensions. However, the inconsistent application of ultrasonic treatment across laboratories, and the lack of process standardization can lead to significant variability in suspension characteristics. At present, there is widespread recognition that sonication must be applied judiciously and reported in a consistent manner that is quantifiable and reproducible; current reporting practices generally lack these attributes. The objectives of the present work were to: (i) Survey potential sonication effects that can alter the physicochemical or biological properties of dispersed nanomaterials (within the context of toxicity testing) and discuss methods to mitigate these effects, (ii) propose a method for standardizing the measurement of sonication power, and (iii) offer a set of reporting guidelines to facilitate the reproducibility of studies involving engineered nanoparticle suspensions obtained via sonication. C1 [Taurozzi, Julian S.; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wiesner, Mark R.] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr Mail Stop 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vince.hackley@nist.gov OI Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 FU NIST [70NANB9H9166]; Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT) [70NANB9H9166] FX This work was funded in part by a cooperative research agreement (70NANB9H9166) between NIST and the Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT). The authors report no conflict of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. NR 86 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 9 U2 81 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1743-5390 J9 NANOTOXICOLOGY JI Nanotoxicology PD DEC PY 2011 VL 5 IS 4 BP 711 EP 729 DI 10.3109/17435390.2010.528846 PG 19 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA 842WS UT WOS:000296633100021 PM 21073401 ER PT J AU Kumar, G Tison, CK Chatterjee, K Pine, PS McDaniel, JH Salit, ML Young, MF Simon, CG AF Kumar, Girish Tison, Christopher K. Chatterjee, Kaushik Pine, P. Scott McDaniel, Jennifer H. Salit, Marc L. Young, Marian F. Simon, Carl G., Jr. TI The determination of stem cell fate by 3D scaffold structures through the control of cell shape SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Bone tissue engineering; Cell morphology; Nanotopography; Osteogenesis; Scaffolds; Stem cell ID OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION; STROMAL CELLS; MATRIX AB Stem cell response to a library of scaffolds with varied 3D structures was investigated. Microarray screening revealed that each type of scaffold structure induced a unique gene expression signature in primary human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs). Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that treatments sorted by scaffold structure and not by polymer chemistry suggesting that scaffold structure was more influential than scaffold composition. Further, the effects of scaffold structure on hBMSC function were mediated by cell shape. Of all the scaffolds tested, only scaffolds with a nanofibrous morphology were able to drive the hBMSCs down an osteogenic lineage in the absence of osteogenic supplements. Nanofiber scaffolds forced the hBMSCs to assume an elongated, highly branched morphology. This same morphology was seen in osteogenic controls where hBMSCs were cultured on flat polymer films in the presence of osteogenic supplements (OS). In contrast, hBMSCs cultured on flat polymer films in the absence of OS assumed a more rounded and less-branched morphology. These results indicate that cells are more sensitive to scaffold structure than previously appreciated and suggest that scaffold efficacy can be optimized by tailoring the scaffold structure to force cells into morphologies that direct them to differentiate down the desired lineage. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kumar, Girish; Tison, Christopher K.; Chatterjee, Kaushik; Simon, Carl G., Jr.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kumar, Girish; Chatterjee, Kaushik; Young, Marian F.] Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Chatterjee, Kaushik] Indian Inst Sci, Dept Mat Engn, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Pine, P. Scott; McDaniel, Jennifer H.; Salit, Marc L.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simon, CG (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carl.simon@nist.gov FU NIH-NIBIB/NIST NRC; NIST NRC; NIST; NIH/NIDCR (National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research); NCRR of the NIH [P40RR017447] FX G.K. and K.C. were supported by an NIH-NIBIB/NIST NRC Research Associateship. C.K.T. was supported by a NIST NRC Research Associateship. This work was supported by NIST and the Intramural Program of the NIH/NIDCR (National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research). Some of the materials employed in this work were provided by the Tulane Center for Gene Therapy through a grant from NCRR of the NIH P40RR017447. The "standard deviation" (S.D.) is the same as the "combined standard uncertainty of the mean" for the purposes of this work. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of NIH, NIBIB, NIDCR or NIST. This article, a contribution of NIST, is not subject to US copyright. Certain equipment and instruments or materials are identified in the paper to adequately specify the experimental details. Such identification does not imply recommendation by NIST, nor does it imply the materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 31 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 5 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD DEC PY 2011 VL 32 IS 35 BP 9188 EP 9196 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.08.054 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 843PK UT WOS:000296684200005 PM 21890197 ER PT J AU Castell, N Mantilla, E Stein, AF Salvador, R Millan, M AF Castell, Nuria Mantilla, Enrique Stein, Ariel F. Salvador, Rosa Millan, Millan TI Simulation and Evaluation of Control Strategies for Ozone Reduction in a Complex Terrain in Southwestern Spain SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Ozone reduction strategies; Industry; Traffic; Air quality modelling ID NOX-VOC INDICATORS; SENSITIVITY; EMISSIONS; POLLUTION; MODELS AB During the central months of the year, southwestern Spain is under strong insolation and weak synoptic forcing, promoting the development of sea breezes and mountain-induced winds and creating recirculations of pollutants. The complex topography of the Southwestern Iberia Peninsula induces the formation of vertical layers, into which the pollutants are injected and subjected to long-distance transport and compensatory subsidence. The characteristics of these highly complex flows have important effects on the pollutant dispersion. Air pollution studies in very complex terrains require high-resolution modelling for resolving the flow dynamics. This paper shows the results obtained from using the MM5-CAMx multiscale-nested air quality model to relate the sensitivity regimes for ozone, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in an area of high geographical complexity. The article assesses the impact on the hourly and eight-hourly maximum daily ozone concentrations of four reduction strategies during two ozone pollution episodes. This analysis of the ozone response has led to a preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of the most common control strategies: traffic, industry, mixed traffic and industry, and closure of some of the largest industries (oil and petrochemical refineries). Photochemical indicators show that ozone chemistry in southwestern Spain is strongly sensitive to NO (x) . However, volatile organic compound-sensitive points are found in areas with anthropogenic influence (highways, cities and industrial parks). Our results indicate that reductions in road traffic lead to ozone reductions over large areas, whereas reductions in industrial emissions, despite sometimes showing greater decreases in the maximum hourly and eight-hourly ground-level ozone levels, lead to ozone reductions in a local area only. In the control study case, with the oil refinery and the petrochemical plants closed, decreases in ozone hourly concentrations are up to 40% higher than in the other emission control scenarios studied. This analysis provides an assessment of the effectiveness of different policies for controlling precursor emissions by comparing the modelled results for different scenarios. C1 [Castell, Nuria; Mantilla, Enrique; Salvador, Rosa; Millan, Millan] Fdn Ctr Estudios Ambient Mediterrneo CEAM, Valencia 46980, Spain. [Stein, Ariel F.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Castell, N (reprint author), Fdn Ctr Estudios Ambient Mediterrneo CEAM, Parque Tecnol C,Charles R Darwin 14, Valencia 46980, Spain. EM nuria@ceam.es; ariel.stein@noaa.gov RI Stein, Ariel/G-1330-2012; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014 OI Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198 FU Consejeria de Medio Ambiente de Andalucia; Generalitat Valenciana; Bancaixa FX This work was partially supported by the Consejeria de Medio Ambiente de Andalucia. The CEAM Foundation is co-financed by the Generalitat Valenciana and Bancaixa. This work is a contribution to the CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010 program (GRACCIE research project) and to ACCENT. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 16 IS 6 BP 565 EP 576 DI 10.1007/s10666-011-9265-3 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 841NT UT WOS:000296519800004 ER PT J AU Pakarinen, K Petersen, EJ Leppanen, MT Akkanen, J Kukkonen, JVK AF Pakarinen, K. Petersen, E. J. Leppanen, M. T. Akkanen, J. Kukkonen, J. V. K. TI Adverse effects of fullerenes (nC(60)) spiked to sediments on Lumbriculus variegatus (Oligochaeta) SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Carbon nanoparticle; Carbon nanotubes; Ecotoxicity; Nanoecotoxicology; Nanotoxicology ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; CHIRONOMUS-RIPARIUS; TOXICITY; C-60; BIOACCUMULATION; WATER; DEPURATION; MULLER; NANOPARTICLES AB Effects of fullerene-spiked sediment on a benthic organism, Lumbriculus variegatus (Oligochaeta), were investigated. Survival, growth, reproduction, and feeding rates were measured to assess possible adverse effects of fullerene agglomerates produced by water stirring and then spiked to a natural sediment. L variegatus were exposed to 10 and 50 mg fullerenes/kg sediment dry mass for 28 d. These concentrations did not impact worm survival or reproduction compared to the control. Feeding activities were slightly decreased for both concentrations indicating fullerenes' disruptive effect on feeding. Depuration efficiency decreased in the high concentration only. Electron and light microscopy and extraction of the worm fecal pellets revealed fullerene agglomerates in the gut tract but not absorption into gut epithelial cells. Micrographs also indicated that 16% of the epidermal cuticle fibers of the worms were not present in the 50 mg/kg exposures, which may make worms susceptible to other contaminants. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pakarinen, K.; Leppanen, M. T.; Akkanen, J.; Kukkonen, J. V. K.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Biol, Joensuu 80101, Finland. [Petersen, E. J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pakarinen, K (reprint author), Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Biol, Joensuu 80101, Finland. EM kukka.tervonen@uef.fi RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013; Geracitano, Laura/E-6926-2013 FU Academy of Finland [214545]; Kone Foundation FX This research was funded by the Academy of Finland project 214545 and the Kone Foundation. We thank Anna-Liisa Karttunen for preparing the light microscopy and TEM samples, and Virpi Tiitu and Jari Leskinen from BioMater Center for technical help with additional TEM imaging. Certain commercial equipment or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 41 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 159 IS 12 BP 3750 EP 3756 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.07.014 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 839VJ UT WOS:000296397300063 PM 21852027 ER PT J AU Jiang, HF Taylor, J Quinlan, F Fortier, T Diddams, SA AF Jiang, Haifeng Taylor, Jennifer Quinlan, Franklyn Fortier, Tara Diddams, Scott A. TI Noise Floor Reduction of an Er:Fiber Laser-Based Photonic Microwave Generator SO IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Erbium lasers; fiber lasers; fiber optical systems; mode-locked lasers; photodetectors and microwave photonics signal ID REPETITION RATE MULTIPLICATION; THERMAL AGITATION; FIBER LASER; FREQUENCY; GHZ; PHOTODETECTORS; CONDUCTORS; SIGNALS AB The generation of microwaves from optical signals suffers from thermal and shot noise inherent in the photodetection process. This problem is more acute at lower pulse repetition rates where photodiode saturation limits the achievable signal-to-noise ratio. In this paper, we demonstrate a 10-15-dB reduction in the 10-GHz phase noise floor by multiplication of the pulse repetition rate. Starting with a 250-MHz fundamentally mode-locked erbium (Er): fiber laser, we compare the following two different approaches to repetition rate multiplication: 1) Fabry-Perot cavity filtering and 2) a cascaded, unbalanced Mach-Zehnder (MZ) fiber-based interferometer. These techniques reduce the phase noise floor on the 10-GHz photodetected harmonic to -158 and -162 dBc/Hz, respectively, for Fourier frequencies higher than 100 kHz. C1 [Jiang, Haifeng; Taylor, Jennifer; Quinlan, Franklyn; Fortier, Tara; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jiang, HF (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM haifeng.jiang@nist.gov; scott.diddams@nist.gov RI jiang, haifeng/A-6637-2011; jiang, haifeng/F-1080-2011; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX Manuscript received August 31, 2011; revised September 30, 2011; accepted October 5, 2011. Date of publication October 13, 2011; date of current version November 4, 2011. This work was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). It is a contribution of an agency of the U.S. government and is not subject to copyright in the USA. Mention of specific products or trade names does not constitute endorsement by NIST. Corresponding authors: H. Jiang and S. A. Diddams (e-mail: haifeng.jiang@nist.gov; scott.diddams@nist.gov). NR 33 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1943-0655 J9 IEEE PHOTONICS J JI IEEE Photonics J. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 3 IS 6 BP 1004 EP 1012 DI 10.1109/JPHOT.2011.2171480 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 844IR UT WOS:000296741400004 ER PT J AU Lee, HJ Choi, WS Nguyen, T Lee, YB Lee, H AF Lee, Ha-Jin Choi, Won San Tinh Nguyen Lee, Young Boo Lee, Haeseong TI An easy method for direct metal coordination reaction on unoxidized single-walled carbon nanotubes SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONALIZATION; CHEMISTRY; NANOPARTICLES; ELECTRONICS; COMPLEX; COPPER AB The transition metal copper (II) ion (Cu(2+)) was effectively coordinated with a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) to produce a SWCNT-Cu(2+) complex by a metal coordination reaction. Since the complex was very reactive towards the carboxylic acid group, the chemical functionalization of SWCNTs was easy to accomplish. This approach was used to functionalize the surface of the SWCNTs with stearic acid or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid for tuning of the relative hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of the surface, respectively. The mild reaction conditions used for metal coordination of the SWCNTs minimized the defects that result from chemical modification of SWCNT. Thus, the electrical properties of unmodified SWCNTs were preserved. Various analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and water sorption isotherm measurements, were used to characterize the surface properties of the functionalized SWCNTs. Functionalization of SWCNTs by metal coordination reaction effectively modified the SWCNT surface, while conserving the excellent physical properties of the SWCNTs. The surface properties of the SWCNTs were easily tuned by introduction of the functional groups required for specific applications. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Ha-Jin; Lee, Young Boo] Korea Basic Sci Inst KBSI, Jeonju Ctr, Jeonju 561756, South Korea. [Choi, Won San] Hanbat Natl Univ, Dept Appl Chem, Taejon 305719, South Korea. [Tinh Nguyen] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Haeseong] Jeonju Univ, Dept Nano Adv Mat Engn, Jeonju 560759, South Korea. RP Lee, HJ (reprint author), Korea Basic Sci Inst KBSI, Jeonju Ctr, 664-14 Dukjin Dong,1 Ga, Jeonju 561756, South Korea. EM hajinlee@kbsi.re.kr FU Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI); National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2009-0081966] FX This work was supported by the Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), which is funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2009-0081966). NR 30 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD DEC PY 2011 VL 49 IS 15 BP 5150 EP 5157 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2011.06.098 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 835ZG UT WOS:000296075200023 ER PT J AU Cavicchi, RE Avedisian, CT AF Cavicchi, Richard E. Avedisian, C. Thomas TI Bubble nucleation, growth and surface temperature oscillations on a rapidly heated microscale surface immersed in a bulk subcooled but locally superheated liquid under partial vacuum SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Boiling; Superheated liquid; Homogeneous nucleation; Bubble nucleation; Surface tension; Bubble growth; Condensation; Temperature oscillations ID MICROBOILING BEHAVIOR; FILM; WATER AB The effect of ambient pressures below atmospheric, liquid subcooling and heating rate on bubble dynamics associated with rapid evaporation in highly superheated water is investigated. Platinum films of various aspect ratios are electrically heated under partial vacuum and the average metal film temperature monitored during a power pulse of duration of several tens of microseconds. At high liquid subcooling, the surface temperature of the pulse-heated thin platinum strips is shown to oscillate with a frequency on the order of 0.5 MHz. The oscillation frequency increases with ambient pressure in the range 0.02 MPa and 0.101 MPa, and decreases with increasing ambient temperature at a fixed pressure. An unusual dynamic instability is observed in which the surface temperature is constant before relaxing into oscillations, and the delay to oscillations increases with decreasing pressure. High speed imaging shows that the bubble growth phase of the oscillation is associated with surface heating and the collapse phase with surface cooling in the cyclic temperature history. These effects are explained by a bubble growth theory that includes a heat loss mechanism to the surrounding liquid. The nucleation temperature is unaffected by pressure in the sub-atmospheric range examined and it approaches the theoretical superheat limit for water at a heating rate of about 10(9) degrees C/s. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Avedisian, C. Thomas] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Cavicchi, Richard E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Avedisian, CT (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cta2@cornell.edu NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 54 IS 25-26 BP 5612 EP 5622 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2011.07.006 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 835KM UT WOS:000296035300048 ER PT J AU Hyland, LL Taraban, MB Hammouda, B Yu, YB AF Hyland, Laura L. Taraban, Marc B. Hammouda, Boualem Yu, Y. Bruce TI Mutually Reinforced Multicomponent Polysaccharide Networks SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE chitosan; alginate; chondroitin; compression-tensile tester; freeze-dry; correlation length; fractal dimensions; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) ID CHONDROITIN SULFATE; BIODEGRADABLE SPONGES; IN-VITRO; CHITOSAN; ALGINATE; SCAFFOLDS; SCATTERING; TRANSPLANTATION; PROLIFERATION; POLYMERS AB Networks made from chitosan and alginate have been utilized as prospective tissue engineering scaffolds due to material biocompatibility and degradability. Calcium (Ca2+) is often added to these networks as a modifier for mechanical strength enhancement. In this work, we examined changes in the bulk material properties of different concentrations of chitosan/alginate mixtures (2, 3, or 5% w/w) upon adding another modifier, chondroitin. We further examined how material properties depend on the order the modifiers, Ca2+ and chondroitin, were added. It was found that the addition of chondroitin significantly increased the mechanical strength of chitosan/alginate networks. Highest elastic moduli were obtained from samples made with mass fractions of 5% chitosan and alginate, modified by chondroitin first and then Ca2+. The elastic moduli in dry and hydrated states were (4.41 +/- 0.52) MPa and (0.11 +/- 0.01) MPa, respectively. Network porosity and density were slightly dependent on total polysaccharide concentration. Average pore size was slightly larger in samples modified by Ca2+ first and then chondroitin and in samples made with 3% starting mass fractions. Here, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was utilized to examine mesh size of the fibrous networks, mass-fractal parameters and average dimensions of the fiber cross-sections prior to freeze-drying. These studies revealed that addition of Ca2+ and chondroitin modifiers increased fiber compactness and thickness, respectively. Together these findings are consistent with improved network mechanical properties of the freeze-dried materials. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 95: 840-851, 2011. C1 [Hyland, Laura L.; Taraban, Marc B.; Yu, Y. Bruce] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yu, Y. Bruce] Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Yu, YB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM byu@rx.umaryland.edu FU NIH [EB004416]; National Science Foundation [DMR 0944772]; Maryland Technology Development Corporation (TEDCO) FX Contract grant sponsor: NIH; Contract grant number: EB004416; Contract grant sponsor: National Science Foundation; Contract grant number: DMR 0944772; Contract grant sponsor: Maryland Technology Development Corporation (TEDCO) NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD DEC PY 2011 VL 95 IS 12 BP 840 EP 851 DI 10.1002/bip.21687 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 831GG UT WOS:000295716300004 PM 21698596 ER PT J AU Ding, XW Li, XF AF Ding, XianWen Li, XiaoFeng TI Monitoring of the water-area variations of Lake Dongting in China with ENVISAT ASAR images SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION LA English DT Article DE Lake Dongting; SAR; ENVISAT; Water area; Water level; Yangtze river ID SAR IMAGES; COASTLINE DETECTION; AVHRR; INUNDATION; RADAR; RIVER AB As an active microwave remote sensing sensor, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can image the Earth surface with high spatial resolution in both day and night under all weather conditions. In this paper, a digital image processing technique was implemented to extract water area information from SAR images and the result is used to monitor the water area variation of Lake Dongting, the second largest freshwater lake in China. 8-year time series of European Space Agency's ENVISAT ASAR (Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar) images acquired between 2002 and 2009 were obtained and a land-water classification scheme was implemented. Using independent in situ water level data measured at a lake-side hydrologic station during study period, we derived the relationship between water level and water area of Lake Dongting. The results show that, (1) during dry seasons, the water area is 518 km(2) larger than that in the 1990s reported by Yangtze BHYRWRC (Bureau of Hydrology and Yangtze River Water Resources Commission), 2000; (2) the water area of Lake Dongting increased significantly in the 2000s after the Chinese Government's "return land to lake" policy took effect in 1998; (3) the water level of lake Dongting could be low during a rainy season due to drought; but could be high in a dry season due to discharges from the upstream Three Gorges Dam. In addition, the relationship between water storage change and water area/level change is obtained. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Li, XiaoFeng] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Coll Marine Sci, Shanghai 201306, Peoples R China. [Ding, XianWen] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Inst Digital Ocean, Coll Informat Technol, Shanghai 201306, Peoples R China. [Li, XiaoFeng] NOAA Sci Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), Shanghai Ocean Univ, Coll Marine Sci, Shanghai 201306, Peoples R China. EM xfli@shou.edu.cn RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 25 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0303-2434 J9 INT J APPL EARTH OBS JI Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 13 IS 6 BP 894 EP 901 DI 10.1016/j.jag.2011.06.009 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 830ML UT WOS:000295661000006 ER PT J AU Sagdeev, DI Fomina, MG Mukhamedzyanov, GK Abdulagatov, IM AF Sagdeev, D. I. Fomina, M. G. Mukhamedzyanov, G. Kh Abdulagatov, I. M. TI Experimental study of the density and viscosity of polyethylene glycols and their mixtures at temperatures from 293 K to 473 K and at atmospheric pressure SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Density; Diethylene glycol; Falling-body method; Hydrostatic weighing method; Mono-ethylene glycol; Triethylene glycol; Viscosity; VTF model ID EXCESS MOLAR VOLUMES; PLUS ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; LOW REYNOLDS-NUMBER; BINARY-MIXTURES; NORMAL-HEPTANE; TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL; 30 MPA; MAGNETIC DENSIMETER; DIETHYLENE GLYCOL; LIQUID DENSITIES AB A new apparatus to measure simultaneously the density and viscosity of liquids has been designed and constructed based on the hydrostatic weighing and falling-body principles. The density and viscosity of monoethylene glycol (MEG), diethylene glycol (DEG), and triethylene glycol (TEG) and their binary, (50%MEG + 50%DEG), (50%MEG + 50%TEG), (50%DEG + 50%TEG), and ternary (33.33%MEG + 33.33%-DEG + 33.34%TEG) mixtures have been measured over the temperature range from 293 K to 473 K and at atmospheric pressure. The expanded uncertainty of the density, pressure, temperature, and viscosity measurements at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be 0.15% to 0.30%, 0.05%, 0.06 K, and 1.5% to 2.0% (depending on temperature and pressure ranges), respectively. The theoretically based Arrhenius-Andrade and Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher type equations were used to describe the temperature dependence of measured viscosities for pure polyethylene glycols and their mixtures. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sagdeev, D. I.; Fomina, M. G.; Mukhamedzyanov, G. Kh] Kazan State Technol Univ, Kazan, Russia. [Abdulagatov, I. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Geothermal Res Inst, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div TRC NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 147 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1824 EP 1843 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2011.06.013 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 827QH UT WOS:000295442500008 ER PT J AU DeRose, PC Smith, MV Mielenz, KD Anderson, JR Kramer, GW AF DeRose, Paul C. Smith, Melody V. Mielenz, Klaus D. Anderson, Jeffrey R. Kramer, Gary W. TI Characterization of Standard Reference Material 2943, Cu-ion-doped glass, spectral correction standard for blue fluorescence SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE Fluorescence; Instrument qualification; Cu glass; Spectral correction; SRM; Standards ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; RECOMMENDATIONS AB Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2943 is a cuvette-shaped, Cu-ion-doped glass, recommended for use for relative spectral correction of emission and day-to-day performance verification of steady-state fluorescence spectrometers. Properties of this standard that influence its effective use or contribute to the uncertainty in its certified emission spectrum were explored here. These properties include its photostability, absorbance, dissolution rate in water, anisotropy and temperature coefficient of fluorescence intensity. The expanded uncertainties in the certified spectrum are about 5% around the peak maximum at 446 nm, using an excitation wavelength of 330 nm. SRM 2943 can replace SRM 936a quinine sulfate dihydrate, which is no longer sold by NIST, for many applications, as it covers the same spectral range. SRM 2943 is significantly more photostable than organic dyes, but unlike the other fluorescent glass SRMs in this series, it does photodegrade gradually under lamp-based excitation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [DeRose, Paul C.; Smith, Melody V.; Mielenz, Klaus D.; Anderson, Jeffrey R.; Kramer, Gary W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP DeRose, PC (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.derose@nist.gov NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 131 IS 12 BP 2509 EP 2514 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2011.06.046 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 820AI UT WOS:000294877500014 ER PT J AU Takahashi, K Glassmeier, KH Angelopoulos, V Bonnell, J Nishimura, Y Singer, HJ Russell, CT AF Takahashi, Kazue Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz Angelopoulos, Vassilis Bonnell, John Nishimura, Yukitoshi Singer, Howard J. Russell, Christopher T. TI Multisatellite observations of a giant pulsation event SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RING CURRENT INSTABILITIES; HF RADAR BACKSCATTER; ULF WAVES; ALFVEN WAVES; PG-PULSATION; GEOMAGNETIC-PULSATIONS; HYDROMAGNETIC-WAVES; MAGNETOMETER ARRAY; HARMONIC STRUCTURE; SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT AB Giant pulsations (Pgs; frequency similar to 10 mHz) were detected with ground magnetometers on the North American continent on 19 October 2008, when the GOES-10, -11, -12, and -13 geostationary satellites and the THEMIS-A probe were magnetically connected to the region of the ground pulsation activity. This unique configuration allowed us to determine the properties of magnetospheric ultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves that caused the Pgs on the ground. All spacecraft detected monochromatic ULF waves at similar to 10 mHz, and the coherence between the Pg at the Gillam ground station and the ULF wave at THEMIS-A was high when the magnetic field foot point of the spacecraft came close to the ground station. The ULF waves observed by the five spacecraft had perturbations in the radial and compressional components of the magnetic field and in the azimuthal component of the electric field, which are attributed to poloidal mode standing Alfven waves. The poloidal waves were accompanied by multiharmonic toroidal waves, and from the frequency relationship among these, it is concluded that the similar to 10 mHz oscillations correspond to the fundamental (odd, or symmetric) mode. The standing wave mode also explains the amplitude variation with latitude and the phase delay between the magnetic and electric fields. Numerical models of poloidal waves incorporating finite height integrated ionospheric conductivity indicate that the fundamental mode interpretation is valid even when the damping of the standing waves is strong. Our observations are the most comprehensive to date in terms of spacecraft data, and we believe that theoretical work on the Pg generation mechanism should focus on mechanisms specific to odd mode standing waves, such as drift resonance of ring current ions. C1 [Takahashi, Kazue] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Angelopoulos, Vassilis; Russell, Christopher T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Angelopoulos, Vassilis; Russell, Christopher T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bonnell, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nishimura, Yukitoshi] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Singer, Howard J.] NOAA Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Takahashi, K (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM kazue.takahashi@jhuapl.edu FU NASA [NNX10AK93G]; German Ministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie; Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft und Raumfahrt [50QP0402] FX K.T. is grateful to Pat Newell, Richard Denton, Simon Wing, and Jesper Gjerloev for valuable discussion. We thank the Space Physics Group at the University of Alberta (Ian Mann, PI) for providing the CARISMA magnetometer data. Work at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory was supported by NASA grant NNX10AK93G. The work by K.-H.G. was financially supported by the German Ministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie and the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft und Raumfahrt under grant 50QP0402. NR 73 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 30 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A11223 DI 10.1029/2011JA016955 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 856NK UT WOS:000297649200003 ER PT J AU Oxford, GAE Chaka, AM AF Oxford, Gloria A. E. Chaka, Anne M. TI Density functional theory study of the gamma-MnOOH (010) surface: Response to oxygen and water partial pressures and temperature SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; METAL-ION COORDINATION; CHROMIUM(III) OXIDATION; CR(III) OXIDATION; MN-OXIDES; 1ST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS; ARSENIC(III) OXIDATION; MANGANITE; MECHANISM; INTERFACE AB Ab initio thermodynamics was combined with density functional theory calculations to identify stable gamma-MnOOH (010) surface terminations in response to varying oxygen and water partial pressures. Within the range of accessible oxygen chemical potentials, reduced manganese atoms are not thermodynamically stable at the surface. Oxidation of the surface by addition of oxygen is favorable at oxygen chemical potentials typically found in experiments. Entropy drives the removal of H(2) from the stoichiometric surface above 603 K under ambient conditions, in close agreement with the experimental decomposition temperature of 573 K. Molecular adsorption of water at half-monolayer and monolayer coverages is highly exothermic and significantly lowers the surface free energy of the clean surface. Dissociative adsorption of water is only possible at monolayer coverage, where it is stabilized by the formation of a hydrogen-bonding network on the surface. The most thermodynamically stable surfaces are oxidized surfaces, but the stoichiometric and fully hydrated surfaces may be accessible in experiments due to slow oxidation kinetics of the surface. C1 [Oxford, Gloria A. E.; Chaka, Anne M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Oxford, GAE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU National Research Council FX This work used the high-performance computing resources of the Raritan cluster at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Helix Systems Biowulf cluster at the National Institutes of Health, and the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. G.A.E.O. was supported by the National Research Council. The authors would like to thank Professor Sara Mason, Professor Tom Trainor, Dr. Peter Eng, and Dr. Joanne Stubbs for useful discussions. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 30 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 20 AR 205453 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.205453 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 854NF UT WOS:000297500800001 ER PT J AU Ross, KA Yaraskavitch, LR Laver, M Gardner, JS Quilliam, JA Meng, S Kycia, JB Singh, DK Proffen, T Dabkowska, HA Gaulin, BD AF Ross, K. A. Yaraskavitch, L. R. Laver, M. Gardner, J. S. Quilliam, J. A. Meng, S. Kycia, J. B. Singh, D. K. Proffen, Th Dabkowska, H. A. Gaulin, B. D. TI Dimensional evolution of spin correlations in the magnetic pyrochlore Yb2Ti2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANTIFERROMAGNET; TRANSITIONS; GD2TI2O7; TB2TI2O7; OXIDES AB The pyrochlore material Yb2Ti2O7 displays unexpected quasi-two-dimensional (2D) magnetic correlations within a cubic lattice environment at low temperatures, before entering an exotic disordered ground state below T = 265 mK. We report neutron scattering measurements of the thermal evolution of the 2D spin correlations in space and time. Short-range three-dimensional (3D) spin correlations develop below 400 mK, accompanied by a suppression in the quasielastic (QE) scattering below similar to 0.2 meV. These show a slowly fluctuating ground state with spins correlated over short distances within a kagome-triangular-kagome (KTK) stack along [111], which evolves to isolated kagome spin stars at higher temperatures. Furthermore, low-temperature specific heat results indicate a sample dependence to the putative transition temperature that is bounded by 265 mK, which we discuss in the context of recent mean field theoretical analysis. C1 [Ross, K. A.; Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Yaraskavitch, L. R.; Quilliam, J. A.; Meng, S.; Kycia, J. B.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Yaraskavitch, L. R.; Quilliam, J. A.; Meng, S.; Kycia, J. B.] Univ Waterloo, Guelph Waterloo Phys Inst, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Yaraskavitch, L. R.; Quilliam, J. A.; Meng, S.; Kycia, J. B.] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Laver, M.] Tech Univ Denmark, Riso DTU, Mat Res Div, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Laver, M.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Nanosci Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Laver, M.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Gardner, J. S.; Singh, D. K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Singh, D. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Proffen, Th] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Proffen, Th] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dabkowska, H. A.; Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gaulin, B. D.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. RP Ross, KA (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009; OI Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031; Ross, Kate/0000-0002-7385-7449 FU US DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; NSERC of Canada FX The authors acknowledge many useful discussions with M. J. P. Gingras, J. D. Thompson, and P. A. McClarty, and are grateful for technical assistance from Y. Qiu. This work has benefited from the use of the NPDF beamline at the Lujan Center at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, funded by the US DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772, and was supported by NSERC of Canada. NR 33 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 30 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 17 AR 174442 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.174442 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 854MX UT WOS:000297499900004 ER PT J AU Altin, PA McDonald, G Doring, D Debs, JE Barter, TH Robins, NP Close, JD Haine, SA Hanna, TM Anderson, RP AF Altin, P. A. McDonald, G. Doering, D. Debs, J. E. Barter, T. H. Robins, N. P. Close, J. D. Haine, S. A. Hanna, T. M. Anderson, R. P. TI Optically trapped atom interferometry using the clock transition of large Rb-87 Bose-Einstein condensates (vol 13, 065020, 2011) SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Altin, P. A.; McDonald, G.; Doering, D.; Debs, J. E.; Barter, T. H.; Robins, N. P.; Close, J. D.] Australian Natl Univ, Dept Quantum Sci, ARC Ctr Excellence Quantum Atom Opt, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Haine, S. A.] Univ Queensland, Sch Math & Phys, ARC Ctr Excellence Quantum Atom Opt, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Hanna, T. M.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hanna, T. M.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Anderson, R. P.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Altin, PA (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Dept Quantum Sci, ARC Ctr Excellence Quantum Atom Opt, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM paul.altin@anu.edu.au RI Robins, N P/A-3725-2008; Debs, John/L-2289-2015; Anderson, Russell/H-1167-2011; Haine, Simon/B-2548-2009; McDonald, Gordon/H-6888-2013 OI Robins, N P/0000-0003-1529-5983; Debs, John/0000-0003-4544-8741; Anderson, Russell/0000-0002-4495-7926; Haine, Simon/0000-0003-1534-1492; McDonald, Gordon/0000-0002-2890-527X NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD NOV 29 PY 2011 VL 13 AR 119401 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/13/11/119401 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 855QT UT WOS:000297580000001 ER PT J AU Sugihara, G Beddington, J Hsieh, CH Deyle, E Fogarty, M Glaser, SM Hewitt, R Hollowed, A May, RM Munch, SB Perretti, C Rosenberg, AA Sandin, S Ye, H AF Sugihara, George Beddington, John Hsieh, Chih-hao Deyle, Ethan Fogarty, Michael Glaser, Sarah M. Hewitt, Roger Hollowed, Anne May, Robert M. Munch, Stephan B. Perretti, Charles Rosenberg, Andrew A. Sandin, Stuart Ye, Hao TI Are exploited fish populations stable? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter ID FLUCTUATIONS C1 [Sugihara, George; Deyle, Ethan; Perretti, Charles; Sandin, Stuart; Ye, Hao] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Beddington, John] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Biol, Fac Nat Sci, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Hsieh, Chih-hao] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Hsieh, Chih-hao] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Fogarty, Michael] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02453 USA. [Glaser, Sarah M.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Biol, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Hewitt, Roger] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hollowed, Anne] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [May, Robert M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Munch, Stephan B.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Conservat Int, Dept Sci & Knowledge, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. RP Sugihara, G (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM gsugihara@ucsd.edu RI Hsieh, Chih-hao/B-3797-2008 OI Hsieh, Chih-hao/0000-0001-5935-7272 NR 5 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 48 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 29 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 48 BP E1224 EP E1225 DI 10.1073/pnas.1112033108 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 853ZB UT WOS:000297463100001 PM 22089231 ER PT J AU Rumaiz, AK Jaye, C Woicik, JC Wang, WG Fischer, DA Jordan-Sweet, J Chien, CL AF Rumaiz, Abdul K. Jaye, C. Woicik, J. C. Wang, Weigang Fischer, D. A. Jordan-Sweet, J. Chien, C. L. TI Boron migration due to annealing in CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB interfaces: A combined hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption studies SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE annealing; cobalt compounds; EXAFS; iron compounds; magnesium compounds; magnetic tunnelling; minerals; oxidation; XANES; X-ray photoelectron spectra ID MAGNETIC TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; FINE-STRUCTURE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; FILMS AB We report the hard x-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (HAXPES) and near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) of CoFeB vertical bar MgO vertical bar CoFeB interfaces as a function of annealing time. Upon annealing, the oxidation state of B changes from predominantly elemental (0 valence) boron in the as deposited sample to higher oxidation in annealed samples as evident from HAXPES spectra. The NEXAFS spectroscopy results showed that upon heating, B species migrate towards the MgO and interact with it. A comparison of the tunnel junction NEXAFS signature with some standards suggests that the B forms a 3-fold coordinated boron compound in the MgO environment and 4-fold coordinated boron resembling Kotoite mineral in the CoFe/MgO interface. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3662967] C1 [Rumaiz, Abdul K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Jaye, C.; Woicik, J. C.; Fischer, D. A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Weigang; Chien, C. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Jordan-Sweet, J.] IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Rumaiz, AK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rumaiz@bnl.gov RI Rumaiz, Abdul/J-5084-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2011 VL 99 IS 22 AR 222502 DI 10.1063/1.3662967 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 864MO UT WOS:000298244500045 ER PT J AU Ryan, JT Southwick, RG Campbell, JP Cheung, KP Young, CD Suehle, JS AF Ryan, J. T. Southwick, R. G. Campbell, J. P. Cheung, K. P. Young, C. D. Suehle, J. S. TI On the "U-shaped" continuum of band edge states at the Si/SiO2 interface SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE defect states; elemental semiconductors; interface states; silicon; silicon compounds; spectroscopy; surface states ID MOS-TRANSISTORS AB The historical and near universal acceptance that a U-shaped continuum of band edge states intrinsically exists at the Si/SiO2 boundary is re-examined. Using a recently developed interface defect spectroscopy method, we show that the U-shape continuum of band edge states does not exist in high quality Si/SiO2 interfaces. We then show that the U-shape continuum of band edge state can be readily measured in relatively poor quality devices, proving that the absence of states in the high quality sample is not due to measurement limitations. This observation calls into question firmly established beliefs about the intrinsic nature of the continuum. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3664772] C1 [Ryan, J. T.; Southwick, R. G.; Campbell, J. P.; Cheung, K. P.; Suehle, J. S.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Young, C. D.] SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Ryan, JT (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kpckpc@ieee.org RI Young, Chadwin/K-7326-2012 OI Young, Chadwin/0000-0003-0690-7423 FU National Research Council FX J.T.R. and R. G. S. acknowledge funding support by the National Research Council. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2011 VL 99 IS 22 AR 223516 DI 10.1063/1.3664772 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 864MO UT WOS:000298244500090 ER PT J AU Foltynowicz, A Ban, T Maslowski, P Adler, F Ye, J AF Foltynowicz, Aleksandra Ban, Ticijana Maslowski, Piotr Adler, Florian Ye, Jun TI Quantum-Noise-Limited Optical Frequency Comb Spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; BREATH ANALYSIS; STABILIZATION; METROLOGY AB We achieve a quantum-noise-limited absorption sensitivity of 1.7 x 10(-12) cm(-1) per spectral element at 400 s of acquisition time with cavity-enhanced frequency comb spectroscopy, the highest demonstrated for a comb-based technique. The system comprises a frequency comb locked to a high-finesse cavity and a fast-scanning Fourier transform spectrometer with an ultralow-noise autobalancing detector. Spectra with a signal-to-noise ratio above 1000 and a resolution of 380 MHz are acquired within a few seconds. The measured absorption line shapes are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. C1 [Foltynowicz, Aleksandra] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Maslowski, Piotr] Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, Torun, Poland. [Ban, Ticijana] Univ Zagreb, Inst Phys, Zagreb, Croatia. RP Foltynowicz, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM aleksandra.matyba@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Ban, Ticijana/B-2025-2009; Maslowski, Piotr/H-4476-2014; OI Maslowski, Piotr/0000-0001-8882-7106; Foltynowicz, Aleksandra/0000-0002-6191-7926 FU Swedish Research Council; Fulbright fellowship; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; AFOSR; DTRA; NIST; NSF; Agilent FX The authors thank Terry Brown for developing the autobalancing detector and Long-Sheng Ma for useful comments on the manuscript. A. F. acknowledges a Swedish Research Council fellowship; T. B. is supported through a Fulbright fellowship; and P. M. holds a fellowship from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education. This project is supported by AFOSR, DTRA, NIST, NSF, and Agilent. NR 27 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 44 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2011 VL 107 IS 23 AR 233002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.233002 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 853HR UT WOS:000297417300002 PM 22182084 ER PT J AU An, JC Weaver, A Kim, B Barkatt, A Poster, D Vreeland, WN Silverman, J Al-Sheikhly, M AF An, Jung-Chul Weaver, Alia Kim, Byungnam Barkatt, Aaron Poster, Dianne Vreeland, Wyatt N. Silverman, Joseph Al-Sheikhly, Mohamad TI Radiation-induced synthesis of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) nanogel SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Nanogel; Poly(vinylpyrrolidone); Cross-linking ID N2O-SATURATED AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; DRUG-DELIVERY APPLICATIONS; CROSS-LINKING; NANOPARTICLES; MICROGELS; HYDROGELS; RADIOLYSIS; DEPENDENCE; RADICALS; OXIDE AB Studies of the radiation-induced synthesis of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) nanogels, intended to provide a basis for obtaining intra-molecular cross-linked products, which are more useful in drug delivery, show that a sharp change in the controlling mechanism from inter-molecular to intra-molecular cross-linking occurs above a threshold temperature around 50 degrees C-55 degrees C, even though the rate of inter-molecular cross-linking is enhanced as the temperature is raised. When aqueous solutions of PVP are irradiated, the activation energy of the decay of the PVP. radical is observed to rise sharply above this threshold temperature. This can be attributed to the collapse of the polymer chains, which occurs at temperatures above approximately 55 degrees C and leads to a reduction of the R(h) of the irradiated polymer molecules at 77 degrees C to (44 +/- 3) % of that of PVP molecules that were not irradiated at 20 degrees C, as shown by the results of AFFFF measurements. The abrupt transition to a mechanism controlled by intra-molecular cross-linking is due to the thermal collapse of the polymer structure. This accounts for the observation that activation energy is higher within the temperature range above 55 degrees C. Higher pulse repetition rates during electron irradiation also promote intra-molecular cross-linking. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [An, Jung-Chul; Weaver, Alia; Kim, Byungnam; Silverman, Joseph; Al-Sheikhly, Mohamad] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Barkatt, Aaron] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Poster, Dianne] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vreeland, Wyatt N.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Al-Sheikhly, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mohamad@umd.edu NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD NOV 28 PY 2011 VL 52 IS 25 BP 5746 EP 5755 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.09.056 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 855BR UT WOS:000297539000008 ER PT J AU Ludlow, AD Lemke, ND Sherman, JA Oates, CW Quemener, G von Stecher, J Rey, AM AF Ludlow, A. D. Lemke, N. D. Sherman, J. A. Oates, C. W. Quemener, G. von Stecher, J. Rey, A. M. TI Cold-collision-shift cancellation and inelastic scattering in a Yb optical lattice clock SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY-SHIFTS; FERMIONS AB Recently, p-wave cold collisions were shown to dominate the density-dependent shift of the clock transition frequency in a (171)Yb optical lattice clock. Here we demonstrate that by operating such a system at the proper excitation fraction, the cold-collision shift is canceled below the 5 x 10(-18) fractional frequency level. We report inelastic two-body loss rates for (3)P(0)-(3)P(0) and (1)S(0)-(3)P(0) scattering. We also measure interaction shifts in an unpolarized atomic sample. Collision measurements for this spin-1/2 (171)Yb system are relevant for high-performance optical clocks as well as strongly interacting systems for quantum information and quantum simulation applications. C1 [Ludlow, A. D.; Lemke, N. D.; Sherman, J. A.; Oates, C. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Quemener, G.; von Stecher, J.; Rey, A. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Quemener, G.; von Stecher, J.; Rey, A. M.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ludlow, AD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ludlow@boulder.nist.gov RI Sherman, Jeffrey/G-3006-2011; Lemke, Nathan/L-9059-2013 OI Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715 FU NIST; NSF-PFC; AFOSR; DARPA-QuASAR; ARO; DARPA-OLE FX The authors gratefully acknowledge assistance from Y. Jiang and financial support from NIST, NSF-PFC, AFOSR, DARPA-QuASAR, and ARO with funding from the DARPA-OLE. NR 31 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 28 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 5 AR 052724 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.052724 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 853DN UT WOS:000297406500013 ER PT J AU Pyle, JA Warwick, NJ Harris, NRP Abas, MR Archibald, AT Ashfold, MJ Ashworth, K Barkley, MP Carver, GD Chance, K Dorsey, JR Fowler, D Gonzi, S Gostlow, B Hewitt, CN Kurosu, TP Lee, JD Langford, SB Mills, G Moller, S MacKenzie, AR Manning, AJ Misztal, P Nadzir, MSM Nemitz, E Newton, HM O'Brien, LM Ong, S Oram, D Palmer, PI Peng, LK Phang, SM Pike, R Pugh, TAM Rahman, NA Robinson, AD Sentian, J Abu Samah, A Skiba, U Ung, HE Yong, SE Young, PJ AF Pyle, J. A. Warwick, N. J. Harris, N. R. P. Abas, Mohd Radzi Archibald, A. T. Ashfold, M. J. Ashworth, K. Barkley, Michael P. Carver, G. D. Chance, K. Dorsey, J. R. Fowler, D. Gonzi, S. Gostlow, B. Hewitt, C. N. Kurosu, T. P. Lee, J. D. Langford, S. B. Mills, G. Moller, S. MacKenzie, A. R. Manning, A. J. Misztal, P. Nadzir, Mohd Shahrul Mohd Nemitz, E. Newton, H. M. O'Brien, L. M. Ong, Simon Oram, D. Palmer, P. I. Peng, Leong Kok Phang, Siew Moi Pike, R. Pugh, T. A. M. Rahman, Noorsaadah Abdul Robinson, A. D. Sentian, J. Abu Samah, Azizan Skiba, U. Ung, Huan Eng Yong, Sei Eng Young, P. J. TI The impact of local surface changes in Borneo on atmospheric composition at wider spatial scales: coastal processes, land-use change and air quality SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE tropospheric ozone; biogenic organic compounds; rainforest; isoprene; atmospheric modelling ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; TERRESTRIAL ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; OZONE DESTRUCTION; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; BOX MODEL; EAST; TROPOSPHERE; GASES AB We present results from the OP3 campaign in Sabah during 2008 that allowus to study the impact of local emission changes over Borneo on atmospheric composition at the regional and wider scale. OP3 constituent data provide an important constraint on model performance. Treatment of boundary layer processes is highlighted as an important area of model uncertainty. Model studies of land-use change confirm earlier work, indicating that further changes to intensive oil palm agriculture in South East Asia, and the tropics in general, could have important impacts on air quality, with the biggest factor being the concomitant changes in NOx emissions. With the model scenarios used here, local increases in ozone of around 50 per cent could occur. We also report measurements of short-lived brominated compounds around Sabah suggesting that oceanic (and, especially, coastal) emission sources dominate locally. The concentration of bromine in short-lived halocarbons measured at the surface during OP3 amounted to about 7 ppt, setting an upper limit on the amount of these species that can reach the lower stratosphere. C1 [Pyle, J. A.; Warwick, N. J.; Harris, N. R. P.; Archibald, A. T.; Ashfold, M. J.; Carver, G. D.; Gostlow, B.; O'Brien, L. M.; Pike, R.; Robinson, A. D.; Young, P. J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Ashworth, K.; Hewitt, C. N.; Langford, S. B.; MacKenzie, A. R.; Pugh, T. A. M.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Barkley, Michael P.; Gonzi, S.; Palmer, P. I.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. [Barkley, Michael P.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Chance, K.; Kurosu, T. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Dorsey, J. R.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 3PL, Lancs, England. [Fowler, D.; Misztal, P.; Nemitz, E.; Skiba, U.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. [Lee, J. D.; Moller, S.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Manning, A. J.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Misztal, P.] Univ Edinburgh, Dept Chem, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Abas, Mohd Radzi; Nadzir, Mohd Shahrul Mohd; Phang, Siew Moi; Abu Samah, Azizan] Univ Malaya, Inst Ocean & Earth Sci, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. [Rahman, Noorsaadah Abdul] Univ Malaya, Dept Chem, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. [Mills, G.; Newton, H. M.; Oram, D.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Ong, Simon; Ung, Huan Eng] Global Satria Life Sci Lab, Tawau 91000, Sabah, Malaysia. [Peng, Leong Kok; Yong, Sei Eng] Ketua Stesen GAW Lembah Danum, Malaysian Meteorol Dept, Tawau 91011, Sabah, Malaysia. [Sentian, J.] Univ Malaysia Sabah, Sch Sci & Technol, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. [Young, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Young, P. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM john.pyle@atm.ch.cam.ac.uk RI Phang, Siew Moi/A-7653-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Pugh, Thomas/A-3790-2010; Ashworth, Kirsti/N-4550-2013; Young, Paul/E-8739-2010; Abd-Rahman, Noorsaadah/B-9291-2010; Palmer, Paul/F-7008-2010; ABAS, MHD RADZI/B-9002-2010; Hewitt, Charles Nicholas/B-1219-2009; HJ ABU SAMAH, AZIZAN/B-8295-2010; Misztal, Pawel/B-8371-2009; Nemitz, Eiko/I-6121-2012; Skiba, Ute/I-6441-2012; Ashworth, Kirsti/A-7742-2013; fowler, david/B-5446-2010 OI Pugh, Thomas/0000-0002-6242-7371; Ashfold, Matthew/0000-0002-2191-1554; Archibald, Alexander/0000-0001-9302-4180; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577; Moller, Sarah/0000-0003-4923-9509; Harris, Neil/0000-0003-1256-3006; Ashworth, Kirsti/0000-0001-5627-3014; Young, Paul/0000-0002-5608-8887; Abd-Rahman, Noorsaadah/0000-0001-5847-8961; Hewitt, Charles Nicholas/0000-0001-7973-2666; Misztal, Pawel/0000-0003-1060-1750; Nemitz, Eiko/0000-0002-1765-6298; fowler, david/0000-0002-2999-2627 FU NCAS; British Council; NERC [NE/G014655/1, NE/D002117/1, NE/E011233/1] FX We thank the Malaysian and Sabah Governments for their permission to conduct research in Malaysia; the Malaysian Meteorological Department (MMD, now Met Malaysia) for access to the Bukit Atur Global Atmosphere Watch station and their long-term ozone record. For all their assistance with the fieldwork, we gratefully acknowledge: Waidi Sinun of Yayasan Sabah and his staff; Dr Glen Reynolds and his staff at the Royal Society's Danum Valley Research Centre; the ground staff, engineers, scientists and pilots of the UK Natural Environment Research Council/UK Meteorological Office's BAe 146-301 large atmospheric research aircraft (FAAM); and the rest of the OP3 project team for their individual and collective efforts. This research was funded by NCAS, by NERC under the OP3 (grant ref: NE/D002117/1) and ACES (grant ref: NE/E011233/1) projects. This work was also supported by a British Council PMI2 grant. N.R.P.H. thanks NERC for his Advanced Fellowship (NE/G014655/1). We acknowledge data from AATSR World Fire Atlas from the Data User Element of the European Space Agency. This paper constitutes Publication no. 513 of the Royal Society South East Asia Rainforest Research Programme. NR 74 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD NOV 27 PY 2011 VL 366 IS 1582 BP 3210 EP 3224 DI 10.1098/rstb.2011.0060 PG 15 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 841ZZ UT WOS:000296555900005 PM 22006963 ER PT J AU Richards, MD Drexler, ES Fekete, JR AF Richards, M. D. Drexler, E. S. Fekete, J. R. TI Aging-induced anisotropy of mechanical properties in steel products: Implications for the measurement of engineering properties SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Mechanical characterization; Steel; Bulk deformation; Sheet forming; Aging ID STRAIN REVERSAL; BAUSCHINGER; ALLOYS; COPPER AB Strain aging in low-carbon steels is a well-known strengthening phenomenon, the typical results of which are an increase in yield stress and/or an increase in the extent of discontinuous yielding. Aging effects are generally characterized through the use of results from mechanical tests in which the strain path prior to aging (prestrain) and the strain path after aging are in the same direction. However, these tests do not completely characterize the properties of aged materials, since the effects of aging are reduced when materials are tested in directions different than the direction of prestrain. The result is anisotropy of properties which can affect the performance of industrial products. In this paper, the effect is demonstrated in two examples of industrial products made from low carbon steels, the aging of which during processing results in performance changes that are not predicted through standard tensile testing of as-fabricated products. The first example compares the effect of aging on yield strength and dent resistance of stamped hood panels on an electro-galvanized, Al killed, bake hardenable sheet steel for auto body panel applications. The second example shows the effect of aging on the anisotropy of tensile data from two American Petroleum Institute (API) grade X100 pipe steels in the as-received condition. The data show that the performance gains realized from strain-aging in the tensile tests on base material are not apparent in the tensile data from the stamped panels after aging, but the dent resistance clearly demonstrated the beneficial effect of aging. The high degree of anisotropy in the yield strength and yielding behaviors between the circumferential and longitudinal tensile data in the two pipe steels demonstrates the effect of strain path on a materials response to aging, which may occur during downstream processing or in field service. The manifestation of material properties that are dependent upon the relationship between the pre-aging strain direction and the post-aging strain direction underscores the importance of correct evaluation of mechanical performance in the design of structural components in materials which undergo aging. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Richards, M. D.; Drexler, E. S.; Fekete, J. R.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Richards, MD (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mark.richards@nist.gov RI Fekete, James/H-6575-2016 OI Fekete, James/0000-0001-5525-5578 FU U.S. DOT [DTPH56-06-X-000029, 205] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge General Motors Company for permission to publish data contained in the "Effect Of Age Hardening On Strength And Dent Resistance Of Automotive Body Panels" section and Dr. Nicholas Barbosa at NIST for his assistance with the SEM images. The work for the section entitled "Effect of Strain Aging on Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Pipeline Steels" was carried out under U.S. DOT contract no. DTPH56-06-X-000029 "Prj. #205". NR 39 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 25 PY 2011 VL 529 BP 184 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2011.09.016 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 852XV UT WOS:000297391700025 ER PT J AU Schmied, R Wesenberg, JH Leibfried, D AF Schmied, Roman Wesenberg, Janus H. Leibfried, Dietrich TI Quantum simulation of the hexagonal Kitaev model with trapped ions SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GATES AB We present a detailed study of quantum simulations of coupled spin systems in surface-electrode (SE) ion-trap arrays, and illustrate our findings with a proposed implementation of the hexagonal Kitaev model (Kitaev A 2006 Ann. Phys. 321 2). The effective (pseudo) spin interactions making up such quantum simulators are found to be proportional to the dipole-dipole interaction between the trapped ions, and are mediated by motion that can be driven by state-dependent forces. The precise forms of the trapping potentials and the interactions are derived in the presence of an SE and a cover electrode. These results are the starting point to derive an optimized SE geometry for trapping ions in the desired honeycomb lattice of Kitaev's model, where we design the dipole-dipole interactions in a way that allows for coupling all three bond types of the model simultaneously, without the need for time discretization. Finally, we propose a simple wire structure that can be incorporated into a microfabricated chip to generate localized state-dependent forces which drive the couplings prescribed by this particular model; such a wire structure should be adaptable to many other situations. C1 [Schmied, Roman] Univ Basel, Dept Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Wesenberg, Janus H.] Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Quantum Technol, Singapore 117543, Singapore. [Leibfried, Dietrich] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Schmied, R (reprint author), Univ Basel, Dept Phys, Klingelbergstr 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. EM roman.schmied@unibas.ch OI Schmied, Roman/0000-0001-5713-5262 FU University of Basel; IARPA; ONR; DARPA; NSA; Sandia National Laboratories; NIST FX We thank Miguel Aguado and Ignacio Cirac for discussions on the properties of the Kitaev model, Dave Wineland for discussions and comments on the manuscript, Jonathan Home for discussions on ion traps and Tobias Schatz and Christian Schneider for discussions on couplings in large arrays. RS gratefully acknowledges support from the University of Basel. DL was supported by IARPA, ONR, DARPA, NSA, Sandia National Laboratories and the NIST Quantum Information Program. NR 45 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD NOV 25 PY 2011 VL 13 AR 115011 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/13/11/115011 PG 23 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 855PZ UT WOS:000297578000002 ER PT J AU Case, FH Chaka, A Moore, JD Mountain, RD Ross, RB Shen, VK Stahlberg, EA AF Case, Fiona H. Chaka, Anne Moore, Jonathan D. Mountain, Raymond D. Ross, Richard B. Shen, Vincent K. Stahlberg, Eric A. TI The sixth industrial fluid properties simulation challenge SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE Liquid-liquid equilibria; Industrial fluid properties simulation challenge; Dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether; Molecular modeling; Molecular simulation; Computational chemistry ID WATER; ETHER AB The sixth industrial fluid properties simulation challenge was held in 2010. The contestants were challenged to predict mutual solubility in liquid-liquid equilibria (I,LE) for the PROGLYDE DMM (TM) + water system at various temperatures and atmospheric pressure. The temperature-dependent balance of hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions relevant to this system is also of great scientific and practical importance as a key driving force in phenomena like self-assembly and protein folding. Because the contestants were not given the experimental benchmark data until after they had submitted their predictions, this exercise represents a relatively rare opportunity to challenge experts in the field to make predictions without a priori knowledge of the correct answer nor the option to avoid publication of their predictions if they were especially poor in comparison to experiment. Seven groups accepted the challenge and used a variety of molecular modeling and simulation methods. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Moore, Jonathan D.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Case, Fiona H.] Case Sci, Essex Jct, VT USA. [Chaka, Anne; Mountain, Raymond D.; Shen, Vincent K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ross, Richard B.] 3M Co, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [Stahlberg, Eric A.] Wittenberg Univ, Dayton, OH USA. RP Moore, JD (reprint author), Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. EM jmoore2@dow.com RI Moore, Jonathan/B-8201-2009 FU 3M Company; BP Amoco; Dow Chemical Company; DuPont; Exxon Mobil; Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation FX We would like to thank the Computational Molecular Science and Engineering Forum (CoMSEF) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers and the Physical Division of the American Chemical Society (ACS) for their institutional support. We would like to thank the 3M Company, BP Amoco, The Dow Chemical Company, DuPont, Exxon Mobil, and Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation for financial support. We would like to recognize the contribution from The Dow Chemical Company in establishing the benchmark data, and the anonymous committee of academic modeling experts who served as external judges for the challenge. Finally, we would like to thank all the participants for their willingness to commit considerable time and resources to this Challenge and for participating in the valuable discussions during the challenge symposium at the AIChE annual meeting. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD NOV 25 PY 2011 VL 310 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2011.07.016 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 850KG UT WOS:000297192900001 ER PT J AU Marcum, JC Krylov, AI Weber, JM AF Marcum, Jesse C. Krylov, Anna I. Weber, J. Mathias TI Spectroscopy and Fragmentation of Undercoordinated Bromoiridates SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLY-CHARGED ANIONS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; RELATIVISTIC EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; REPULSIVE COULOMB BARRIER; SPIN-ORBIT OPERATORS; GAS-PHASE; ELECTRON DETACHMENT; IONIC FRAGMENTATION; PHOTODETACHMENT; APPROXIMATION AB We report gas-phase electronic photodissociation spectra of the undercoordinated bromoiridate complexes IrBr4- and IrBr5- at photon energies from 1 to 5.6 eV. Both ions have open-shell ground states with low-symmetry structures. The fragmentation is characterized by thresholds for the loss of one Br atom for IrBr4- and one or two Br atoms for IrBr5-. The experimental spectra consist of ligand-to-metal charge transfer transitions and reveal a large density of electronic states that can be recovered by time-dependent density functional theory. C1 [Marcum, Jesse C.; Weber, J. Mathias] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Marcum, Jesse C.; Weber, J. Mathias] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Krylov, Anna I.] Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Weber, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM weberjm@jila.colorado.edu RI Weber, J. Mathias/B-1618-2009 OI Weber, J. Mathias/0000-0002-5493-5886 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) through the JILA Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Frontier Center [PHY-0551010]; iOpenShell Center; NSF through the CRIF:CRF [CHE-0625419, CHE-0624602, CHE-0625237]; JILA; NSF [CHE-0951634]; [CHE-0845618] FX We thank Robert Warner, Dr. Ksenia Bravaya, and Dr. Kadir Dirt for technical assistance. J.M.W. gratefully acknowledges the National Science Foundation (NSF) for funding through the JILA Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Frontier Center (Grant No. PHY-0551010) and through Grant No. CHE-0845618. We acknowledge the resources of the iOpenShell Center (http://iopenshell.usc.edu) supported by the NSF through the CRIF:CRF CHE-0625419 + 0624602 + 0625237 grant. A.I.K. also acknowledges the JILA Visiting Fellows Program and NSF support through the CHE-0951634 grant. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 24 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 46 BP 13482 EP 13488 DI 10.1021/jp208933z PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 847VM UT WOS:000297000600029 PM 21988607 ER PT J AU Yamada, T Yonamine, R Yamada, T Kitagawa, H Tyagi, M Nagao, M Yamamuro, O AF Yamada, Takeshi Yonamine, Ryo Yamada, Teppei Kitagawa, Hiroshi Tyagi, Madhusudan Nagao, Michihiro Yamamuro, Osamu TI Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering Studies on Dynamics of Water Confined in Nanoporous Copper Rubeanate Hydrates SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID GLASSY WATER; NIST CENTER; TRANSITIONS; GRAPHITE AB We have investigated the mechanism of the first order transition and proton conductivity in copper rubeanate hydrates from microscopic and dynamical points of view. Three different types of neutron spectrometer-time-of-flight, backscattering, and neutron spin echo-were used to ever a wide dynamic range (1 ps to 100 ns). We found that the water molecules adsorbed in the pore are divided into "free water" having diffusion coefficients similar to those of bulk water at room temperature and "condensed water" which is about 10 times slower than bulk water owing to the interaction with the pore wall. The hydrogen atoms in the pore wall exhibited no relaxation within the measured time scales. The free water has, in the framework of the jump-diffusion model, smaller activation energy, longer residence time, and longer jump distance than bulk water. The neutron spin echo measurement revealed that the first order transition is a kind of liquid-liquid transition at which the free water is condensed on the pore surface in the low temperature phase. On cooling the condensed water, the relaxation time starts to deviate from the VFT equation around 200 K as previously observed in the water confined in nanoporous silicates. The free water plays an important role as the proton carrier but the proton conductivity is mainly governed by the number of protons provided into the adsorbed water from the pore wall. C1 [Yamada, Takeshi; Yonamine, Ryo; Yamamuro, Osamu] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Neutron Sci Lab, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Yamada, Teppei; Kitagawa, Hiroshi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Tyagi, Madhusudan; Nagao, Michihiro] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Yamada, Takeshi; Yamada, Teppei; Kitagawa, Hiroshi; Yamamuro, Osamu] JST CREST, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1020075, Japan. RP Yamamuro, O (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Neutron Sci Lab, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Chiba 2778581, Japan. EM yamamuro@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Yamada, Teppei/0000-0002-3384-1004 FU Core Research of Evolutional Science & Technology (CREST) from Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX This work is financially supported by Core Research of Evolutional Science & Technology program (CREST) from Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST). This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 24 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 46 BP 13563 EP 13569 DI 10.1021/jp2029467 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 847VO UT WOS:000297000800017 PM 21999477 ER PT J AU Miller, DJ Sun, K Zondlo, MA Kanter, D Dubovik, O Welton, EJ Winker, DM Ginoux, P AF Miller, David J. Sun, Kang Zondlo, Mark A. Kanter, David Dubovik, Oleg Welton, Ellsworth Judd Winker, David M. Ginoux, Paul TI Assessing boreal forest fire smoke aerosol impacts on U.S. air quality: A case study using multiple data sets SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; UNITED-STATES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; BLACK CARBON; PLUMES; CANADA; LIDAR AB We synthesize multiple ground-based and satellite measurements to track the physical and chemical evolution of biomass burning smoke plumes transported from western Canada to the northeastern U.S. This multiple data set case study is an advantageous methodology compared with using individual or small groups of data sets, each with their own limitations. The case study analyzed is a Canadian boreal forest fire event on July 4, 2006 with carbonaceous aerosol smoke emission magnitudes comparable to those during the summer fire seasons of the previous decade. We track long-range transport of these aerosol plumes with data from space-borne remote sensing satellite instruments (MODIS, OMI, MISR, CALIOP lidar, AIRS) and ground-based in situ and remote aerosol observations (AERONET CIMEL sky/Sun photometer, MPLNET lidar, IMPROVE, EPA AirNow). Convective lofting elevated smoke emissions above the boundary layer into the free troposphere, where high speed winds aloft led to rapid, long-range transport. Aerosol layer subsidence occurred during transport due to a region of surface high pressure. Smoke aerosols reaching the boundary layer led to surface fine particulate matter (PM2.5) enhancements accompanied by changes in aerosol composition as the plume mixed with anthropogenic aerosols over the northeastern U.S. The extensive coverage of this smoke plume over the northeastern U.S. affected regional air quality, with increases of 10-20 mu g m(-3) PM2.5 attributable to biomass burning smoke aerosols and EPA 24-hour PM2.5 standard exceedances along the U.S. East Coast. Although each data set individually provides a limited view of the transport of smoke emissions, we demonstrate that a multi-data set approach results in a more comprehensive view of potential impacts due to long-range transport of smoke from a less extreme fire event. Our case study demonstrates that fires emit smoke aerosols that under certain meteorological conditions can degrade regional air quality 3000 km from the source region, with additional implications for aerosol radiative forcing and regional haze over the northeastern U.S. C1 [Miller, David J.; Sun, Kang; Zondlo, Mark A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kanter, David] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Dubovik, Oleg] Univ Lille 1, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Welton, Ellsworth Judd] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Winker, David M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Ginoux, Paul] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Miller, DJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM djmtwo@princeton.edu; kangsun@princeton.edu; mzondlo@princeton.edu; dkanter@princeton.edu; dubovik@loa.univ-lille1.fr; ellsworth.j.welton@nasa.gov; david.m.winker@nasa.gov; Paul.Ginoux@noaa.gov RI Welton, Ellsworth/A-8362-2012; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009; Xiongfei, Zhao/G-7690-2015; Zondlo, Mark/R-6173-2016 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460; Zondlo, Mark/0000-0003-2302-9554 FU NASA; National Science Foundation FX We wish to thank the developers of the AERONET Data Synergy Tool and GIOVANNI online data system (developed and maintained by NASA GES DISC) which greatly facilitated the extraction of visualizations of MODIS, MISR, AERONET, MPLNET, back trajectories, EPA AirNOW and AIRS CO column data. We would like to acknowledge Ralph Kahn, who provided invaluable insights, David Nelson for the MISR-MINX plume height database, Omar Torres for the availability of OMI AI data, and Brent Holben for AERONET data availability. Data from the Pickle Lake AERONET site are provided by the Canadian network AEROCAN, part of NASA's AERONET federated networks. COVE site data are funded by the NASA Earth Observing System project and MPLNET is funded by the NASA Earth Observing System and Radiation Sciences Program. We also greatly appreciate the use of the USDA fire maps, CALIOP, IMPROVE and NCEP data as well as the NOAA HYSPLIT trajectory computations. David J. Miller is supported by a Graduate Research Fellowship from the National Science Foundation. NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 22 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D22209 DI 10.1029/2011JD016170 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 853JD UT WOS:000297421100003 ER PT J AU McDonald, SE Coker, C Dymond, KF Anderson, DN Araujo-Pradere, EA AF McDonald, Sarah E. Coker, Clayton Dymond, Kenneth F. Anderson, David N. Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo A. TI A study of the strong linear relationship between the equatorial ionization anomaly and the prereversal E x B drift velocity at solar minimum SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TINY IONOSPHERIC PHOTOMETER; SPREAD F; MAGNETOMETER OBSERVATIONS; ELECTRON-DENSITY; PLASMA DRIFTS; MAXIMUM; MODEL; INSTRUMENT; DEPENDENCE; DESIGN AB It is known that there exists a linear relationship between the maximum velocity of the prereversal enhancement (PRE) of the E x B drift and the strength of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests at night. This can be a particularly useful relationship in the event that only one of the quantities is observed. But it is important to understand the drivers of the linear relationship in order to determine its range of validity. In this study, we use the SAMI2 model of the ionosphere together with measurements of vertical E x B drift velocity at Jicamarca to show that daytime drifts significantly affect the slope and linearity of the relationship. To validate the model, nighttime O I 135.6 nm radiances measured with the Tiny Ionospheric Photometer (TIP) aboard the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC) are used in coincidence with the E x B drift measurements at Jicamarca. From the observations, we derive a linear relationship between the crest-to-trough ratio of the EIA NmF2 and the PRE under solar minimum conditions. The model simulations demonstrate that the influence of daytime drifts on the nighttime ionosphere varies with longitude and solar cycle conditions; and therefore the linear relationship also varies with these parameters. In particular, we show that the late afternoon drifts at solar minimum have the effect of steepening the slope of the linear relationship. On the other hand, the extended effect of daytime drifts under solar maximum conditions, including contributions from midmorning hours, tends to weaken the relationship. C1 [McDonald, Sarah E.; Coker, Clayton; Dymond, Kenneth F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Anderson, David N.; Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Anderson, David N.; Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP McDonald, SE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sarah.mcdonald@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD NOV 22 PY 2011 VL 46 AR RS6004 DI 10.1029/2011RS004702 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 853JA UT WOS:000297420800003 ER PT J AU Mohseni, SM Dumas, RK Fang, Y Lau, JW Sani, SR Persson, J Akerman, J AF Mohseni, S. M. Dumas, R. K. Fang, Y. Lau, J. W. Sani, S. R. Persson, J. Akerman, Johan TI Temperature-dependent interlayer coupling in Ni/Co perpendicular pseudo-spin-valve structures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; TORQUE OSCILLATOR; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; MULTILAYERS; POLARIZER; LAYERS; FILMS AB The temperature-dependent coupling mechanisms in perpendicular pseudo-spin valves based on the following structure, [Ni/Co](5)/Cu(t(Cu))/[Ni/Co](2), are investigated. Despite a thick (t(Cu) >= 3 nm) Cu spacer, room-temperature measurements reveal complete coupling of the [Ni/Co](5) and [Ni/Co](2) multilayers. This coupling can be attributed to strong long range magnetostatic stray fields that penetrate the spacer layer. This results in magnetic domain imprinting and vertically correlated domains throughout the reversal process. Surprisingly, when the temperature is reduced, a complete decoupling is observed. This somewhat counterintuitive result can be explained by a large difference in the [Ni/Co](5) and [Ni/Co](2) multilayer coercivities at reduced temperatures, which then impedes domain imprinting and promotes decoupling. Finally, the decoupling temperature is found to increase with spacer thickness. C1 [Mohseni, S. M.; Sani, S. R.; Akerman, Johan] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Sch Informat & Commun Technol, S-16440 Kista, Sweden. [Mohseni, S. M.; Sani, S. R.; Persson, J.; Akerman, Johan] NanOsc AB, S-16440 Kista, Sweden. [Dumas, R. K.; Fang, Y.; Akerman, Johan] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Phys, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Lau, J. W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mohseni, SM (reprint author), KTH Royal Inst Technol, Sch Informat & Commun Technol, Elect 229, S-16440 Kista, Sweden. EM majidm@kth.se RI Dumas, Randy/E-3077-2010; Akerman, Johan/B-5726-2008; Gastelois, Pedro/F-3891-2012; Fang, Yeyu/E-9040-2010 OI Dumas, Randy/0000-0001-5505-2172; Akerman, Johan/0000-0002-3513-6608; FU Swedish Foundation for strategic Research (SSF); Swedish Research Council (VR); Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation FX Support from The Swedish Foundation for strategic Research (SSF) and The Swedish Research Council (VR) is gratefully acknowledged. Johan Akerman is a Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow supported by a grant from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 22 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 17 AR 174432 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.174432 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 851TT UT WOS:000297294500008 ER PT J AU Torres, JM Wang, CQ Coughlin, EB Bishop, JP Register, RA Riggleman, RA Stafford, CM Vogt, BD AF Torres, Jessica M. Wang, Chengqing Coughlin, E. Bryan Bishop, John P. Register, Richard A. Riggleman, Robert A. Stafford, Christopher M. Vogt, Bryan D. TI Influence of Chain Stiffness on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polymer Thin Films SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; INCOHERENT NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ULTRATHIN POLYSTYRENE FILMS; ELASTIC-MODULUS; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); CATALYTIC-HYDROGENATION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; CONFINEMENT; DYNAMICS; COPOLYMERS AB The effect of main chain stiffness and side chain flexibility on the elastic modulus and glass transition temperature (T-g) of thin polymer films is investigated using nontraditional polymers formed from 5-(2-phenylethylnorbornene). Depending on the polymerization route chosen, the resulting polymer backbone is comprised of either bicyclic (norbornyl) units, which leads to a relatively rigid polymer with a high bulk T-g, or monocyclic (cyclopentyl) units, which leads to a more flexible structure with a lower bulk T-g. The modulus and T-g of the rigid bicyclic polymer are thickness independent down to <10 nm, whereas the modulus of the more flexible monocyclic polymer decreases with decreasing thickness. By hydrogenation of the pendant phenyl ring to the cyclohexyl counterpart, we illustrate that minor changes in the relative flexibility of the side chain do not impact the observed thin film behavior. To further support our hypothesis that main chain stiffness (persistence length) plays a central role in confinement-induced changes in physical properties, a series of arylate/phosphonate copolymers, where the addition of phosphonate groups decreases the overall stiffness of the polymer backbone, are also examined. Similar to the polynorbornenes, the poly(arylate-co-phosphonate) polymers exhibit more pronounced thickness-dependent properties as the stiffness of the backbone decreases. We believe based upon our results that examination of chain flexibility in the thin film glass community for future works would be extremely useful in elucidating the physical origins of observed phenomena. C1 [Vogt, Bryan D.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Torres, Jessica M.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. [Wang, Chengqing; Stafford, Christopher M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Coughlin, E. Bryan] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Bishop, John P.; Register, Richard A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Riggleman, Robert A.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Vogt, BD (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM vogt@uakron.edu FU National Science Foundation [0653989-CMMI] FX This work was financially supported by the National Science Foundation under grant #0653989-CMMI. We gratefully acknowledge the use of facilities within the LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science at Arizona State University. The authors thank Dr. Andrew Bell (Promerus) for supplying the PENb monomer and Add PENb polymer and Dr. Ed Elce (Promerus) for the DMA data for Add PENb. NR 58 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 64 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 22 PY 2011 VL 44 IS 22 BP 9040 EP 9045 DI 10.1021/ma201482b PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 846JL UT WOS:000296893400039 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Faraone, A Kamitakahara, WA Liu, KH Mou, CY Leao, JB Chang, S Chen, SH AF Zhang, Yang Faraone, Antonio Kamitakahara, William A. Liu, Kao-Hsiang Mou, Chung-Yuan Leao, Juscelino B. Chang, Sung Chen, Sow-Hsin TI Reply to Soper: Density measurement of confined water with neutron scattering SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter C1 [Chen, Sow-Hsin] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Zhang, Yang] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, Yang] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Neutron Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Faraone, Antonio; Kamitakahara, William A.; Leao, Juscelino B.; Chang, Sung] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Faraone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Kao-Hsiang; Mou, Chung-Yuan] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Chem, Taipei 106, Taiwan. RP Chen, SH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM sowhsin@mit.edu RI Zhang, Yang/A-7975-2012; OI Zhang, Yang/0000-0002-7339-8342; MOU, CHUNG-YUAN/0000-0001-7060-9899 NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 17 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 22 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 47 BP E1193 EP E1194 DI 10.1073/pnas.1113408108 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 851DY UT WOS:000297249800002 ER PT J AU Swann, WC Baumann, E Giorgetta, FR Newbury, NR AF Swann, William C. Baumann, Esther Giorgetta, Fabrizio R. Newbury, Nathan R. TI Microwave generation with low residual phase noise from a femtosecond fiber laser with an intracavity electro-optic modulator SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL FREQUENCY COMB; RELATIVE LINEWIDTHS; STABILIZATION; SIGNALS; SYNCHRONIZATION; STABILITY; JITTER AB Low phase-noise microwave generation has previously been demonstrated using self-referenced frequency combs to divide down a low noise optical reference. We demonstrate an approach based on a fs Er-fiber laser that avoids the complexity of self-referenced stabilization of the offset frequency. Instead, the repetition rate of the femtosecond Er-fiber laser is phase locked to two cavity-stabilized cw fiber lasers that span 3.74 THz by use of an intracavity electro-optic modulator with over 2 MHz feedback bandwidth. The fs fiber laser effectively divides the 3.74 THz difference signal to produce microwave signals at harmonics of the repetition rate. Through comparison of two identical dividers, we measure a residual phase noise on a 1.5 GHz carrier of -120 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz offset. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Swann, William C.; Baumann, Esther; Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.; Newbury, Nathan R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Swann, WC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM swann@boulder.nist.gov RI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014; Baumann, Esther/P-1315-2015 OI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912; Baumann, Esther/0000-0002-6569-2090 NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 19 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 21 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 24 BP 24387 EP 24395 DI 10.1364/OE.19.024387 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 865PE UT WOS:000298322000078 PM 22109466 ER PT J AU Gerrits, T Stevens, MJ Baek, B Calkins, B Lita, A Glancy, S Knill, E Nam, SW Mirin, RP Hadfield, RH Bennink, RS Grice, WP Dorenbos, S Zijlstra, T Klapwijk, T Zwiller, V AF Gerrits, Thomas Stevens, Martin J. Baek, Burm Calkins, Brice Lita, Adriana Glancy, Scott Knill, Emanuel Nam, Sae Woo Mirin, Richard P. Hadfield, Robert H. Bennink, Ryan S. Grice, Warren P. Dorenbos, Sander Zijlstra, Tony Klapwijk, Teun Zwiller, Val TI Generation of degenerate, factorizable, pulsed squeezed light at telecom wavelengths SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PERIODICALLY POLED KTIOPO4; 2ND-ORDER COHERENCE; SINGLE-PHOTONS AB We characterize a periodically poled KTP crystal that produces an entangled, two-mode, squeezed state with orthogonal polarizations, nearly identical, factorizable frequency modes, and few photons in unwanted frequency modes. We focus the pump beam to create a nearly circular joint spectral probability distribution between the two modes. After disentangling the two modes, we observe Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with a raw (background corrected) visibility of 86% (95%) when an 8.6 nm bandwidth spectral filter is applied. We measure second order photon correlations of the entangled and disentangled squeezed states with both superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors and photon-number-resolving transition-edge sensors. Both methods agree and verify that the detected modes contain the desired photon number distributions. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Gerrits, Thomas; Stevens, Martin J.; Baek, Burm; Calkins, Brice; Lita, Adriana; Glancy, Scott; Knill, Emanuel; Nam, Sae Woo; Mirin, Richard P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hadfield, Robert H.] Heriot Watt Univ, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Hadfield, Robert H.] Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Bennink, Ryan S.; Grice, Warren P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Quantum Informat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dorenbos, Sander; Zijlstra, Tony; Klapwijk, Teun; Zwiller, Val] Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, NL-2628 CE Delft, Netherlands. RP Gerrits, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM gerrits@boulder.nist.gov RI Hadfield, Robert/L-8081-2013; Grice, Warren/L-8466-2013; OI Hadfield, Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187; Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655; Grice, Warren/0000-0003-4266-4692 FU NIST; Quantum Information Science Initiative (QISI); UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Royal Society; NWO FX This work was supported by the NIST 'Innovations in Measurement Science' Program and the Quantum Information Science Initiative (QISI). RHH gratefully acknowledges support from the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and a Royal Society University Research Fellowship. VZ and SND acknowledge NWO (VIDI grant). Contribution of NIST, an agency of the U.S. government, not subject to copyright. NR 29 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 21 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 24 BP 24434 EP 24447 DI 10.1364/OE.19.024434 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 865PE UT WOS:000298322000082 PM 22109470 ER PT J AU Chiang, CC Tsai, WC Wang, LW Hou, HC Liao, JW Lin, HJ Chang, FH Kirby, BJ Lai, CH AF Chiang, Chao-Chien Tsai, Wu-Chang Wang, Liang-Wei Hou, Hao-Cheng Liao, Jung-Wei Lin, Hong-Ji Chang, Fan-Hsiu Kirby, Brian J. Lai, Chih-Huang TI (001) FePt graded media with PtMn underlayers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE antiferromagnetic materials; exchange interactions (electron); ferromagnetic materials; iron alloys; magnetic anisotropy; magnetic circular dichroism; magnetic hysteresis; manganese alloys; platinum alloys AB (001)-oriented FePt graded media are obtained by using PtMn underlayers. The PtMn underlayer not only behaves as the (001) structural template but provides the diffusion source of Mn. The diffusion of Mn into FePt reduces its anisotropy but, on the other hand, the exchange coupling between antiferromagnetic PtMn and ferromagnetic FePt enhances the anisotropy. Hysteresis loops taken from x-ray magnetic circular dichroism confirm the competition between these two effects, leading to the lowest anisotropy in the middle of FePt. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3664129] C1 [Chiang, Chao-Chien; Tsai, Wu-Chang; Wang, Liang-Wei; Hou, Hao-Cheng; Liao, Jung-Wei; Lai, Chih-Huang] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Lin, Hong-Ji; Chang, Fan-Hsiu] Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan. [Kirby, Brian J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lai, CH (reprint author), Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. EM chlai@mx.nthu.edu.tw FU National Science Council of Republic of China [NSC 99-2923-E-007-003-MY2, NSC-98-2221-E-007-041-MY3]; NSF Materials World Network [DMR-1008791] FX This work was partially supported by the National Science Council of Republic of China under Grant Nos. NSC 99-2923-E-007-003-MY2 and NSC-98-2221-E-007-041-MY3. Support from the NSF Materials World Network Program (DMR-1008791) is also acknowledged. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 21 PY 2011 VL 99 IS 21 AR 212504 DI 10.1063/1.3664129 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 854CA UT WOS:000297471000030 ER PT J AU Wingfield, DK Peckham, SH Foley, DG Palacios, DM Lavaniegos, BE Durazo, R Nichols, WJ Croll, DA Bograd, SJ AF Wingfield, Dana K. Hoyt Peckham, S. Foley, David G. Palacios, Daniel M. Lavaniegos, Bertha E. Durazo, Reginaldo Nichols, Wallace J. Croll, Donald A. Bograd, Steven J. TI The Making of a Productivity Hotspot in the Coastal Ocean SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CRAB PLEURONCODES-PLANIPES; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; UPWELLING SHADOWS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; MEXICO; GALATHEIDAE; EXTINCTION; RETENTION; MOVEMENTS; DECAPODA AB Background: Highly productive hotspots in the ocean often occur where complex physical forcing mechanisms lead to aggregation of primary and secondary producers. Understanding how hotspots persist, however, requires combining knowledge of the spatio-temporal linkages between geomorphology, physical forcing, and biological responses with the physiological requirements and movement of top predators. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we integrate remotely sensed oceanography, ship surveys, and satellite telemetry to show how local geomorphology interacts with physical forcing to create a region with locally enhanced upwelling and an adjacent upwelling shadow that promotes retentive circulation, enhanced year-round primary production, and prey aggregation. These conditions provide an area within the upwelling shadow where physiologically optimal water temperatures can be found adjacent to a region of enhanced prey availability, resulting in a foraging hotspot for loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) off the Baja California peninsula, Mexico. Significance/Conclusions: We have identified the set of conditions that lead to a persistent top predator hotspot, which increases our understanding of how highly migratory species exploit productive regions of the ocean. These results will aid in the development of spatially and environmentally explicit management strategies for marine species of conservation concern. C1 [Wingfield, Dana K.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Hoyt Peckham, S.] Ocean Fdn, Grp Tortuguero AC, La Paz, Baja California, Mexico. [Hoyt Peckham, S.] Duke Univ, Ctr Marine Conservat, Beaufort, NC USA. [Foley, David G.; Palacios, Daniel M.; Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA Fisheries, Div Environm Res, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA USA. [Foley, David G.; Palacios, Daniel M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Lavaniegos, Bertha E.] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Oceanog Biol, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Durazo, Reginaldo] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Nichols, Wallace J.] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Nichols, Wallace J.] Ocean Revolut, Davenport, CA USA. [Croll, Donald A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Wingfield, DK (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM danawing@sfsu.edu RI Palacios, Daniel/B-9180-2008; OI Palacios, Daniel/0000-0001-7069-7913; Chiaradia, Andre/0000-0002-6178-4211 FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Secretaria de medio ambiente y recursos naturales-Consejo nacional de ciencia y technologia (SEMARNAT-CONACYT); University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States (UC-MEXUS); National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS); PADI Foundation; TE Foundation; Wallace Research Foundation; Earthwatch Institute; Tagging of Pacific Predators (TOPP); Office of Naval Research/National Oceanographic Partnership Program (ONR/NOPP) FX Funding was provided by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, Secretaria de medio ambiente y recursos naturales-Consejo nacional de ciencia y technologia (SEMARNAT-CONACYT), University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States (UC-MEXUS), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), PADI Foundation, T&E Foundation, Wallace Research Foundation, Earthwatch Institute, Tagging of Pacific Predators (TOPP), and the Office of Naval Research/National Oceanographic Partnership Program (ONR/NOPP). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 38 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 19 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 21 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 11 AR e27874 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0027874 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 858IO UT WOS:000297789900027 PM 22132156 ER PT J AU Gemmrich, J Thomas, B Bouchard, R AF Gemmrich, Johannes Thomas, Bridget Bouchard, Richard TI Observational changes and trends in northeast Pacific wave records SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE WIND SPEEDS; HEIGHTS; CLIMATE; BUOYS AB Routine wave observations from buoys in the northeast Pacific now extend up to 35 years. Several recent studies reported long-term trends extracted from these records. However, significant modifications of the wave measurement hardware as well as the analysis procedures since the start of the observations result in inhomogeneities of the records. We analyze significant wave heights from seven offshore wave records. Several step changes of the mean monthly significant wave height of a few decimetres are identified. These changes are induced by buoy modifications and poor data quality rather than changes in the wave climate. After adjusting the data for these step changes the wave heights show positive trends for some of the southern locations and negative trends at the northern buoys, however all trends are much smaller than reported in previous studies. Storm wave heights are extracted from the occurrence rate distributions of the adjusted significant wave heights. No statistically significant trends can be established for storm wave heights. Citation: Gemmrich, J., B. Thomas, and R. Bouchard (2011), Observational changes and trends in northeast Pacific wave records, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L22601, doi: 10.1029/2011GL049518. C1 [Gemmrich, Johannes] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Thomas, Bridget] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Sci & Technol Branch, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 2N6, Canada. [Bouchard, Richard] NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Gemmrich, J (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 3055, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. EM gemmrich@uvic.ca; bridget.thomas@ec.gc.ca; richard.bouchard@noaa.gov RI Bouchard, Richard/A-5921-2009 OI Bouchard, Richard/0000-0002-4414-7499 FU Canada's Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council FX K. Steele, E. Michelena (formerly NDBC), and V. Williams (Environment Canada) provided information on early NDBC systems, and the MSC buoys, respectively. X. Wang (Environment Canada) advised on using the RHtestsV3 software package and provided an internal review. Comments by V. Swail (Environment Canada) further helped to improve the manuscript. M. Muller (University of Victoria) provided the GLS trend calculations. A review by P. Bromirski helped to improve the clarity of the text. This study was supported by funds of Canada's Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L22601 DI 10.1029/2011GL049518 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 851HH UT WOS:000297258500005 ER PT J AU Shin, SI Sardeshmukh, PD Yeh, SW AF Shin, Sang-Ik Sardeshmukh, Prashant D. Yeh, Sang-Wook TI Sensitivity of the northeast Asian summer monsoon to tropical sea surface temperatures SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE MODEL; EAST-ASIA; PRECIPITATION; CHINA; VARIABILITY; TRENDS AB Observations indicate increasing trends of summer precipitation amount, intensity, and frequency of extremes over northeast Asia since the 1960s. Climate models are generally able to simulate such increases of precipitation over northeast Asia over the 2nd half of the 20th century, and project continuations of these trends in response to the projected warming of the tropical Indo-Pacific Warm Pool, especially around the Philippines and the South China Sea. The principal basis for confidence in these projections is the simplicity and robustness of the mechanisms involved. In essence, the warming of these waters enhances the northward moisture transport from the tropics to northeast Asia, leading to an increase of the northeast Asian precipitation. Citation: Shin, S.-I., P. D. Sardeshmukh, and S.-W. Yeh (2011), Sensitivity of the northeast Asian summer monsoon to tropical sea surface temperatures, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L22702, doi:10.1029/2011GL049391. C1 [Shin, Sang-Ik] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.] Univ Colorado, Climate Diagnost Ctr, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Yeh, Sang-Wook] Hanyang Univ, Dept Environm Marine Sci, Ansan 426791, South Korea. RP Shin, SI (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM sangikshin@marine.usf.edu RI Yeh, Sang-Wook/G-3007-2014 OI Yeh, Sang-Wook/0000-0003-4549-1686 FU NOAA; Korea National Institute of Meteorological Research; Korean Meteorological Administration Research and Development [RACS_ 2010-2006] FX The authors thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This work was partially supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office (SS and PDS), the Korea National Institute of Meteorological Research (SS), and the Korean Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant RACS_ 2010-2006 (SY). Our own simulations were performed at the NOAA ESRL High Performance Computing Systems (HPCS) facility. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L22702 DI 10.1029/2011GL049391 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 851HH UT WOS:000297258500002 ER PT J AU Cooper, OR Oltmans, SJ Johnson, BJ Brioude, J Angevine, W Trainer, M Parrish, DD Ryerson, TR Pollack, I Cullis, PD Ives, MA Tarasick, DW Al-Saadi, J Stajner, I AF Cooper, O. R. Oltmans, S. J. Johnson, B. J. Brioude, J. Angevine, W. Trainer, M. Parrish, D. D. Ryerson, T. R. Pollack, I. Cullis, P. D. Ives, M. A. Tarasick, D. W. Al-Saadi, J. Stajner, I. TI Measurement of western US baseline ozone from the surface to the tropopause and assessment of downwind impact regions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORTED BACKGROUND OZONE; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; ASIAN AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CALIFORNIA OZONE; CARBON-MONOXIDE AB Since 1997, baseline ozone monitoring from the surface to the tropopause along the U. S. west coast has been limited to the weekly ozonesondes from Trinidad Head, California. To explore baseline ozone at other latitudes, an ozonesonde network was implemented during spring 2010, including four launch sites along the California coast. Modeling indicated that North American pollution plumes impacted the California coast primarily below 3 km, but had no measurable impact on the average coastal ozone profiles. Vertical and latitudinal variation in free tropospheric baseline ozone appears to be partly explained by polluted and stratospheric air masses that descend isentropically along the west coast. Above 3 km, the dominant sources of ozone precursors were China and international shipping, while international shipping was the greatest source below 2 km. Approximately 8-10% of the baseline ozone that enters California in the 0-6 km range impacts the surface of the USA, but very little reaches the eastern USA. Within California, the major impact of baseline ozone above 2 km is on the high elevation terrain of eastern California. Baseline ozone below 2 km has its strongest impact on the low elevation sites throughout the state. To quantify ozone production within California we compared inland ozone measurements to baseline measurements. For average daytime conditions, we found no enhancements of lower tropospheric ozone in the northern Central Valley, but enhancements of 12-23% were found in the southern Central Valley. Enhancements above Joshua Tree were greater, 33-41%, while the greatest enhancements occurred over the LA Basin, 32-63%. C1 [Cooper, O. R.; Oltmans, S. J.; Brioude, J.; Angevine, W.; Pollack, I.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Al-Saadi, J.] NASA, Tropospher Chem Program, Div Earth Sci, Sci Mission Directorate, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Cooper, O. R.; Oltmans, S. J.; Johnson, B. J.; Brioude, J.; Angevine, W.; Trainer, M.; Parrish, D. D.; Ryerson, T. R.; Pollack, I.; Cullis, P. D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Ives, M. A.] NOAA, Trinidad Head Observ, ESRL, HSU Marine Lab, Trinidad Head, CA 95570 USA. [Stajner, I.] NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Tarasick, D. W.] Environm Canada, Expt Studies Res Div, MSC, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Stajner, I.] Noblis, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Cooper, OR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM owen.cooper@colorado.edu RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Stajner, Ivanka/B-5228-2009; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Stajner, Ivanka/0000-0001-6103-3939; Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692 FU NOAA ESRL; NASA; U.S. Navy; Environment Canada; NOAA's National Air Quality Forecast Capability FX Funding for the IONS-2010 field campaign was provided by NOAA ESRL Health of the Atmosphere Program, NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program, U.S. Navy, Environment Canada, and NOAA's National Air Quality Forecast Capability. We are extremely grateful for the efforts of the IONS-2010 ozonesonde operators who made this study a success: Michael Parrish at Point Reyes, Chance Sterling and Rigeto Zhao at Shasta, Lauren Hayduk at Trinidad Head, Lee Eddington and Matthew McGovern at Point Sur, Robert Nagy, Joel Guerrero and Kyle Edwards at San Nicolas Island, and Afeworki Mekonnen at Kelowna. We also thank Emrys Hall and Allen Jordan at NOAA ESRL GMD for the use of the Skysonde software and for their assistance in processing the Joshua Tree ozonesondes. We truly appreciate our collaboration with John D. Ray at the National Park Service Air Resources Division, Denver, Colorado, who helped us gain permission to collect data in the National Parks. Operations were also facilitated by the excellent support we received from the staff of the National Parks and California State Parks: Luke Sabala and Victoria Chang at Joshua Tree National Park; William Shook and Ben Becker at Point Reyes National Seashore; Heidi Horvitz and Lori Martin at Shasta State Historic Park; and C. L. Price at Point Sur State Historic Park. Chris Miller and Dick Lind from the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), Monterey, were extremely helpful in allowing us to launch the Point Sur ozonesondes from NPS property. Finally we thank Carol Long with the Federal Aviation Administration for helping coordinate the ozonesonde launch schedule with air traffic controllers. The EDGARv4.1 global NOx emissions inventory was provided by European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC)/Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL): Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), release version 4.1 http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu, 2010. The international shipping NOx emission inventory was provided by James Corbett, University of Delaware. Fire NOx emissions are from the Global Fire Emissions Database version 3 (GFED3). The global land cover data set, as well as the MODIS fire detection data, was provided by the University of Maryland MODIS Active Fire and Burned Area Products from their ftp server. NCEP reanalysis data were provided by the NOAA/ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado from their web site: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/ NR 73 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 44 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 18 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D00V03 DI 10.1029/2011JD016095 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 851KO UT WOS:000297268100003 ER PT J AU Hassler, B Daniel, JS Johnson, BJ Solomon, S Oltmans, SJ AF Hassler, B. Daniel, J. S. Johnson, B. J. Solomon, S. Oltmans, S. J. TI An assessment of changing ozone loss rates at South Pole: Twenty-five years of ozonesonde measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY; ANTARCTIC OZONE; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; MCMURDO-STATION; AEROSOL; MODEL; VORTEX; HOLE; RECOVERY; PHOTOCHEMISTRY AB In 2010, 25 years of regular, year-round ozone soundings at South Pole station, Antarctica, were completed. These measurements provide unique information about the seasonality, trends, and variability of ozone depletion in the polar stratosphere at high vertical resolution. Here, we focus on the observed loss rates, and their changes since the measurement series began. The fastest loss rates occur between the end of August and end of September between 50 hPa and 30 hPa. Loss rates at these pressure levels increased by approximately 40% from the late 1980s to the late 1990s and have remained stable within estimated uncertainties since then. To estimate the time frame when a reduction in ozone loss rates will be observable outside the range of dynamical variability at the South Pole, we scale the estimated loss rates to the future projected concentrations of equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC). If a linear relationship between ozone loss rates and EESC is assumed, we project that a change in lower stratospheric ozone loss rates at South Pole station will be first detectable in the 2017-2021 time period. C1 [Hassler, B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hassler, B.; Daniel, J. S.; Solomon, S.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Johnson, B. J.; Oltmans, S. J.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Solomon, S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hassler, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM birgit.hassler@noaa.gov RI Hassler, Birgit/E-8987-2010; Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Hassler, Birgit/0000-0003-2724-709X; FU NOAA NCDC FX Funding for B. Hassler has been provided by the NOAA NCDC Climate Data Record Program. We thank three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions. Understanding of ozone loss rates in Antarctica using the South Pole ozonesonde data series was a primary research interest and effort of David Hofmann. From his own early ozonesonde observations in Antarctica to his leadership of the laboratory responsible for the South Pole ozonesonde measurements, he understood the great value of continuous, ongoing observations. This work was initiated with Dave's involvement prior to his death. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 18 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D22301 DI 10.1029/2011JD016353 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 851KO UT WOS:000297268100005 ER PT J AU Santer, BD Mears, C Doutriaux, C Caldwell, P Gleckler, PJ Wigley, TML Solomon, S Gillett, NP Ivanova, D Karl, TR Lanzante, JR Meehl, GA Stott, PA Taylor, KE Thorne, PW Wehner, MF Wentz, FJ AF Santer, B. D. Mears, C. Doutriaux, C. Caldwell, P. Gleckler, P. J. Wigley, T. M. L. Solomon, S. Gillett, N. P. Ivanova, D. Karl, T. R. Lanzante, J. R. Meehl, G. A. Stott, P. A. Taylor, K. E. Thorne, P. W. Wehner, M. F. Wentz, F. J. TI Separating signal and noise in atmospheric temperature changes: The importance of timescale SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE-CHANGE; LOWER-TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; NATURAL VARIABILITY; WORLDS OCEANS; TRENDS; CONSISTENCY; SERIES; LAYER AB We compare global-scale changes in satellite estimates of the temperature of the lower troposphere (TLT) with model simulations of forced and unforced TLT changes. While previous work has focused on a single period of record, we select analysis timescales ranging from 10 to 32 years, and then compare all possible observed TLT trends on each timescale with corresponding multi-model distributions of forced and unforced trends. We use observed estimates of the signal component of TLT changes and model estimates of climate noise to calculate timescale-dependent signal-to-noise ratios (S/N). These ratios are small (less than 1) on the 10-year timescale, increasing to more than 3.9 for 32-year trends. This large change in S/N is primarily due to a decrease in the amplitude of internally generated variability with increasing trend length. Because of the pronounced effect of interannual noise on decadal trends, a multi-model ensemble of anthropogenically-forced simulations displays many 10-year periods with little warming. A single decade of observational TLT data is therefore inadequate for identifying a slowly evolving anthropogenic warming signal. Our results show that temperature records of at least 17 years in length are required for identifying human effects on global-mean tropospheric temperature. C1 [Santer, B. D.; Doutriaux, C.; Caldwell, P.; Gleckler, P. J.; Ivanova, D.; Taylor, K. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mears, C.; Wentz, F. J.] Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 USA. [Wigley, T. M. L.; Meehl, G. A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Solomon, S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gillett, N. P.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada. [Karl, T. R.; Thorne, P. W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Lanzante, J. R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Stott, P. A.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Wehner, M. F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Santer, BD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM santer1@llnl.gov RI Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011; Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011; Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014; Caldwell, Peter/K-1899-2014; Stott, Peter/N-1228-2016 OI Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135; Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798; Stott, Peter/0000-0003-4853-7686 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Joint DECC/Defra Meteorological Office Hadley Centre [GA01101] FX We acknowledge the climate model development groups for providing their simulation output for analysis, PCMDI for collecting and archiving this data, and the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling for organizing the model data analysis activity. The CMIP-3 multi-model data set is supported by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. Work at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (by B.D.S., C.D., P.C., P.J.G., D.I., and K.E.T.) was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. PAS was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Meteorological Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). Julie Arblaster, Wenju Cai, Judith Perlwitz, Cheng-Zhi Zou, and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments and advice. All model SST and TLT data used in this study are available at http://www-pcmdi.llnl.gov/projects/msu2011/index.php. NR 63 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 42 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 18 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D22105 DI 10.1029/2011JD016263 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 851KO UT WOS:000297268100004 ER PT J AU McGivern, WS Manion, JA AF McGivern, W. Sean Manion, Jeffrey A. TI Extending reversed-flow chromatographic methods for the measurement of diffusion coefficients to higher temperatures SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Diffusion coefficients; High temperature; Uncertainties ID INVERSE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; THORNES EQUATION; MIXTURES; SYSTEMS; COLLISION; HELIUM; INSTRUMENTATION; ADSORPTION; TRANSPORT AB A reversed-flow gas-chromatography (RF-GC) apparatus for the measurement of binary diffusion coefficients is described and utilized to measure the binary diffusion coefficients for several systems at temperatures from (300 to 723)K. Hydrocarbons are detected using flame ionization detection, and inert species can be detected by thermal conductivity. The present apparatus has been utilized to measure diffusion coefficients at substantially higher temperatures than previous RF-GC work. Characterization of the new apparatus was accomplished by comparing measured binary diffusion coefficients of dilute argon in helium to established reference values. Further diffusion coefficient measurements for dilute helium in argon and dilute nitrogen in helium (using thermal conductivity detection) and dilute methane in helium (using flame ionization detection) were performed and found to be in excellent agreement with literature values. The measurement of these well-established diffusion coefficients has shown that specific experimental conditions are required for accurate diffusion measurements using this technique, particularly at higher temperatures. Numerical simulations of the diffusion experiments are presented to demonstrate that artifacts of the analysis procedure must be specifically identified to ensure accuracy, particularly at higher temperatures. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [McGivern, W. Sean; Manion, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McGivern, WS (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sean.mcgivern@nist.gov FU United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We acknowledge the assistance of Nicholas Heinz for technical assistance through the construction and early validation stages of the experiment. This work was partially supported by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Julian Tishkoff, Program Manager. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 18 PY 2011 VL 1218 IS 46 BP 8432 EP 8442 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.035 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 848FN UT WOS:000297036000016 PM 21995859 ER PT J AU Sanders, A Blanchard, P Bertness, K Brubaker, M Dodson, C Harvey, T Herrero, A Rourke, D Schlager, J Sanford, N Chiaramonti, AN Davydov, A Motayed, A Tsvetkov, D AF Sanders, Aric Blanchard, Paul Bertness, Kris Brubaker, Matthew Dodson, Christopher Harvey, Todd Herrero, Andrew Rourke, Devin Schlager, John Sanford, Norman Chiaramonti, Ann N. Davydov, Albert Motayed, Abhishek Tsvetkov, Denis TI Homoepitaxial n-core: p-shell gallium nitride nanowires: HVPE overgrowth on MBE nanowires SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; GAN NANOWIRES; GROWTH; NANOCOLUMNS; NUCLEATION AB We present the homoepitaxial growth of p-type, magnesium doped gallium nitride shells by use of halide vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) on n-type gallium nitride nanowires grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Scanning electron microscopy shows clear dopant contrast between the core and shell of the nanowire. The growth of magnesium doped nanowire shells shows little or no effect on the lattice parameters of the underlying nanowires, as measured by x-ray diffraction (XRD). Photoluminescence measurements of the nanowires show the appearance of sub-bandgap features in the blue and the ultraviolet, indicating the presence of acceptors. Finally, electrical measurements confirm the presence of electrically active holes in the nanowires. C1 [Sanders, Aric; Blanchard, Paul; Bertness, Kris; Brubaker, Matthew; Dodson, Christopher; Harvey, Todd; Herrero, Andrew; Rourke, Devin; Schlager, John; Sanford, Norman] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chiaramonti, Ann N.; Davydov, Albert; Motayed, Abhishek; Tsvetkov, Denis] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sanders, A (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM aric.sanders@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Chiaramonti, Ann/E-7459-2013 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; Chiaramonti, Ann/0000-0001-9933-3267 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD NOV 18 PY 2011 VL 22 IS 46 AR 465703 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/22/46/465703 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 844PE UT WOS:000296758800019 PM 22025018 ER PT J AU Baek, SH Park, J Kim, DM Aksyuk, VA Das, RR Bu, SD Felker, DA Lettieri, J Vaithyanathan, V Bharadwaja, SSN Bassiri-Gharb, N Chen, YB Sun, HP Folkman, CM Jang, HW Kreft, DJ Streiffer, SK Ramesh, R Pan, XQ Trolier-McKinstry, S Schlom, DG Rzchowski, MS Blick, RH Eom, CB AF Baek, S. H. Park, J. Kim, D. M. Aksyuk, V. A. Das, R. R. Bu, S. D. Felker, D. A. Lettieri, J. Vaithyanathan, V. Bharadwaja, S. S. N. Bassiri-Gharb, N. Chen, Y. B. Sun, H. P. Folkman, C. M. Jang, H. W. Kreft, D. J. Streiffer, S. K. Ramesh, R. Pan, X. Q. Trolier-McKinstry, S. Schlom, D. G. Rzchowski, M. S. Blick, R. H. Eom, C. B. TI Giant Piezoelectricity on Si for Hyperactive MEMS SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TITANATE THIN-FILMS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS; NANOINDENTATION; FABRICATION; DESIGN; SRTIO3 AB Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) incorporating active piezoelectric layers offer integrated actuation, sensing, and transduction. The broad implementation of such active MEMS has long been constrained by the inability to integrate materials with giant piezoelectric response, such as Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT). We synthesized high-quality PMN-PT epitaxial thin films on vicinal (001) Si wafers with the use of an epitaxial (001) SrTiO3 template layer with superior piezoelectric coefficients (e(31,f) = -27 +/- 3 coulombs per square meter) and figures of merit for piezoelectric energy-harvesting systems. We have incorporated these heterostructures into microcantilevers that are actuated with extremely low drive voltage due to thin-film piezoelectric properties that rival bulk PMN-PT single crystals. These epitaxial heterostructures exhibit very large electromechanical coupling for ultrasound medical imaging, microfluidic control, mechanical sensing, and energy harvesting. C1 [Baek, S. H.; Kim, D. M.; Das, R. R.; Bu, S. D.; Folkman, C. M.; Jang, H. W.; Eom, C. B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Park, J.; Kreft, D. J.; Blick, R. H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Aksyuk, V. A.; Rzchowski, M. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Felker, D. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lettieri, J.; Vaithyanathan, V.; Bharadwaja, S. S. N.; Bassiri-Gharb, N.; Trolier-McKinstry, S.; Schlom, D. G.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Chen, Y. B.; Sun, H. P.; Pan, X. Q.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Streiffer, S. K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schlom, D. G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Schlom, D. G.] Kavli Inst Cornell Nanoscale Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Eom, CB (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1509 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM eom@engr.wisc.edu RI Bassiri-Gharb, Nazanin/F-1783-2011; Park, Jonghoo/A-4342-2013; Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013; Eom, Chang-Beom/I-5567-2014; Jang, Ho Won/D-9866-2011; Bu, Sang Don/B-1576-2008 OI Bassiri-Gharb, Nazanin/0000-0002-0183-5160; Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113; Aksyuk, Vladimir/0000-0002-9653-4722; Trolier-McKinstry, Susan/0000-0002-7267-9281; Jang, Ho Won/0000-0002-6952-7359; Bu, Sang Don/0000-0003-4883-1308 FU NSF [ECCS-0708759, DMR-0907191, DMR-0723032]; David Lucile Packard Fellowship; National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship; Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative through the Air Force Office for Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-08-1-0337]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-07ER46416]; DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0524] FX This work was supported by the NSF under grant no. ECCS-0708759 and a David Lucile Packard Fellowship (C. B. E.). Work at Penn State was supported by a National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship. The work was partly supported by a Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative through the Air Force Office for Scientific Research (AFOSR) under grant no. FA9550-08-1-0337 (R. H. B.). Work at the Univ. of Michigan was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under award DE-FG02-07ER46416 and by NSF under awards DMR-0907191 and DMR-0723032 (TEM instrument). Work at Argonne National Laboratory and use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Work at Cornell was supported by AFOSR through award no. FA9550-10-1-0524. We thank N. Valanoor for helpful discussions. NR 31 TC 160 Z9 161 U1 34 U2 299 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 18 PY 2011 VL 334 IS 6058 BP 958 EP 961 DI 10.1126/science.1207186 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 849CA UT WOS:000297101800050 PM 22096193 ER PT J AU Bishof, M Martin, MJ Swallows, MD Benko, C Lin, Y Quemener, G Rey, AM Ye, J AF Bishof, M. Martin, M. J. Swallows, M. D. Benko, C. Lin, Y. Quemener, G. Rey, A. M. Ye, J. TI Inelastic collisions and density-dependent excitation suppression in a Sr-87 optical lattice clock SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY AB We observe two-body loss of P-3(0) Sr-87 atoms trapped in a one-dimensional optical lattice. We measure loss rate coefficients for atomic samples between 1 and 6 mu K that are prepared either in a single nuclear-spin sublevel or with equal populations in two sublevels. The measured temperature and nuclear-spin preparation dependence of rate coefficients agree well with calculations and reveal that rate coefficients for distinguishable atoms are only slightly enhanced over those of indistinguishable atoms. We further observe a suppression of excitation and losses during interrogation of the S-1(0)-P-3(0) transition as density increases and Rabi frequency decreases, which suggests the presence of strong interactions in our dynamically driven many-body system. C1 [Bishof, M.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bishof, M (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Benko, Craig/L-2678-2015 FU ARO; DARPA; OLE; NIST; NSF; AFOSR; US-Israel Binational Science Foundation [2006212]; NDSEG; NRC FX We thank D. Meiser, M. Holland, and P. S. Julienne for technical discussions. We acknowledge funding support for this work by ARO DARPA OLE, NIST, NSF, AFOSR, and the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation (Grant No. 2006212). M.B. is supported by NDSEG and M.D.S. is supported by NRC. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 17 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 5 AR 052716 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.052716 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 849AE UT WOS:000297095700005 ER PT J AU Papp, SB Diddams, SA AF Papp, Scott B. Diddams, Scott A. TI Spectral and temporal characterization of a fused-quartz-microresonator optical frequency comb SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; FIBER TAPER; OH-FREE; LASER; MICROWAVE; GENERATION AB We report on the fabrication of high-Q, fused-quartz microresonators and the parametric generation of a frequency comb with 36-GHz line spacing using them. We have characterized the intrinsic stability of the comb in both the time and frequency domains to assess its suitability for future precision metrology applications. Intensity autocorrelation measurements and line-by-line comb control reveal near-transform-limited picosecond pulse trains that are associated with good relative phase and amplitude stability of the comb lines. The comb's 36-GHz line spacing can be readily photodetected, which enables measurements of its intrinsic and absolute phase fluctuations. C1 [Papp, Scott B.; Diddams, Scott A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Papp, SB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM scott.papp@nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 FU NIST; DARPA; National Research Council FX We acknowledge useful conversations with Kerry Vahala and Tobias Kippenberg and we thank Gabe Ycas and Nathan Lemke for a thoughtful reading of the manuscript. This work is supported by NIST and the DARPA QuASAR program. It is a contribution of US government and is not subject to copyright in the United States. S.P. acknowledges support from the National Research Council. NR 35 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 17 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 5 AR 053833 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.053833 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 849AE UT WOS:000297095700013 ER PT J AU Tarana, M Houfek, K Horacek, J Fabrikant, II AF Tarana, Michal Houfek, Karel Horacek, Jiri Fabrikant, Ilya I. TI Dissociative electron attachment and vibrational excitation of CF3Cl: Effect of two vibrational modes revisited SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; R-MATRIX THEORY; CROSS-SECTIONS; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; POLAR MOLECULES; SCATTERING; SPECTRUM; ATOMS; CCIF3 AB We present a study of dissociative electron attachment and vibrational excitation processes in electron collisions with the CF3Cl molecule. The calculations are based on the two-dimensional nuclear dynamics including the C-Cl symmetric stretch coordinate and the CF3 symmetric deformation (umbrella) coordinate. The complex potential energy surfaces are calculated using the ab initio R-matrix method. The results for dissociative attachment and vibrational excitation of the umbrella mode agree quite well with experiment whereas the cross section for excitation of the C-Cl symmetric stretch vibrations is about a factor-of-three too low in comparison with experimental data. C1 [Tarana, Michal; Fabrikant, Ilya I.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Tarana, Michal] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tarana, Michal] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Houfek, Karel; Horacek, Jiri] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Theoret Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Fabrikant, Ilya I.] Open Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. RP Tarana, M (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM michal.tarana@jila.colorado.edu; iif@unlserve.unl.edu RI Tarana, Michal/G-3677-2011 OI Tarana, Michal/0000-0001-5086-7276 FU Department of Energy, Office of Science; National Science Foundation [PHY-0652866, PHY-0969381]; Czech Science Foundation (GACR) [208/10/1281]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [MSM0021620860]; [FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IIF-252714] FX This work was supported in part by the Department of Energy, Office of Science, the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. PHY-0652866 and PHY-0969381, and by a Marie Curie Grant (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IIF-252714). Support from the Czech Science Foundation (GACR) by Grant No. 208/10/1281 and by Zamer MSM0021620860 of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 17 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 5 AR 052717 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.052717 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 849AE UT WOS:000297095700006 ER PT J AU Lee, X Goulden, ML Hollinger, DY Barr, A Black, TA Bohrer, G Bracho, R Drake, B Goldstein, A Gu, LH Katul, G Kolb, T Law, BE Margolis, H Meyers, T Monson, R Munger, W Oren, R Kyaw, TPU Richardson, AD Schmid, HP Staebler, R Wofsy, S Zhao, L AF Lee, Xuhui Goulden, Michael L. Hollinger, David Y. Barr, Alan Black, T. Andrew Bohrer, Gil Bracho, Rosvel Drake, Bert Goldstein, Allen Gu, Lianhong Katul, Gabriel Kolb, Thomas Law, Beverly E. Margolis, Hank Meyers, Tilden Monson, Russell Munger, William Oren, Ram Kyaw Tha Paw U Richardson, Andrew D. Schmid, Hans Peter Staebler, Ralf Wofsy, Steven Zhao, Lei TI Observed increase in local cooling effect of deforestation at higher latitudes SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SCALE DEFORESTATION; GLOBAL CLIMATE; BOREAL FOREST; LAND-USE; VEGETATION; ENERGY; EXCHANGE; ALBEDO; WATER AB Deforestation in mid-to high latitudes is hypothesized to have the potential to cool the Earth's surface by altering biophysical processes(1-3). In climate models of continental-scale land clearing, the cooling is triggered by increases in surface albedo and is reinforced by a land albedo-sea ice feedback(4,5). This feedback is crucial in the model predictions; without it other biophysical processes may overwhelm the albedo effect to generate warming instead(5). Ongoing land-use activities, such as land management for climate mitigation, are occurring at local scales (hectares) presumably too small to generate the feedback, and it is not known whether the intrinsic biophysical mechanism on its own can change the surface temperature in a consistent manner(6,7). Nor has the effect of deforestation on climate been demonstrated over large areas from direct observations. Here we show that surface air temperature is lower in open land than in nearby forested land. The effect is 0.85 +/- 0.44 K (mean +/- one standard deviation) northwards of 45 degrees N and 0.21 +/- 0.53 K southwards. Below 35 degrees N there is weak evidence that deforestation leads to warming. Results are based on comparisons of temperature at forested eddy covariance towers in the USA and Canada and, as a proxy for small areas of cleared land, nearby surface weather stations. Night-time temperature changes unrelated to changes in surface albedo are an important contributor to the overall cooling effect. The observed latitudinal dependence is consistent with theoretical expectation of changes in energy loss from convection and radiation across latitudes in both the daytime and night-time phase of the diurnal cycle, the latter of which remains uncertain in climate models(8). C1 [Lee, Xuhui; Zhao, Lei] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Goulden, Michael L.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Hollinger, David Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Barr, Alan] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. [Black, T. Andrew] Univ British Columbia, Fac Land & Food Syst, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Bohrer, Gil] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bracho, Rosvel] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Drake, Bert] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Goldstein, Allen] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gu, Lianhong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Katul, Gabriel; Oren, Ram] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Kolb, Thomas] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Law, Beverly E.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Margolis, Hank] Univ Laval, Fac Foresterie Geog & Geomat, Ctr Etud Foret, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Meyers, Tilden] NOAA ARL ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Monson, Russell] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Munger, William; Wofsy, Steven] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kyaw Tha Paw U] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Richardson, Andrew D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Schmid, Hans Peter] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Staebler, Ralf] Environm Canada, Proc Res Sect, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. RP Lee, X (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM xuhui.lee@yale.edu RI Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014; Law, Beverly/G-3882-2010; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Schmid, Hans Peter/I-1224-2012; Bohrer, Gil/A-9731-2008; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Barr, Alan/H-9939-2014; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; OI Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; Schmid, Hans Peter/0000-0001-9076-4466; Bohrer, Gil/0000-0002-9209-9540 FU US Department of Energy; Yale University Climate and Energy Institute FX The data collection and analysis were supported in part by grants from the US Department of Energy and by a Yale University Climate and Energy Institute grant. We thank D. Fitzjarrald and R. Sakai for providing the data for the KM77 tropical site and C. von Randow for providing the friction velocity data for FLUXNET cluster e. NR 29 TC 110 Z9 118 U1 18 U2 116 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 17 PY 2011 VL 479 IS 7373 BP 384 EP 387 DI 10.1038/nature10588 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 848OA UT WOS:000297059700042 PM 22094699 ER PT J AU Kumari, H Kline, SR Schuster, NJ Barnes, CL Atwood, JL AF Kumari, Harshita Kline, Steven R. Schuster, Nathaniel J. Barnes, Charles L. Atwood, Jerry L. TI Exploring the Ellipsoidal and Core-Shell Geometries of Copper-Seamed C-Alkylpyrogallol[4]arene Nanocapsules in Solution SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METAL-COORDINATED CAPSULES; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DIFFUSION NMR; CHANNELS; ROBUST; SCALE; BONDS AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) studies were used to probe the stability and geometry of copper-seamed C-alkylpyrogallol[4]arene (PgC(n)Cu; n = 11, 13, 17) hexamers in solution. Novel structural features are observed at chain lengths greater than 10 in both solid and solution phase. Scattering data for the PgC(11)Cu and PgC(13)Cu in chloroform fitted as core-shell spheres with a total spherical radius of about 22.7 and 22.9 angstrom respectively. On the other hand, the scattering curve for the PgC(17)Cu hexamer at both 1% and 5% mass fractions in o-xylene did not fit as a discrete sphere but rather as a uniform ellipsoid. The geometric dimensions of the ellipsoid radii are 24 angstrom along the minor axis and 115 angstrom along the major axis. It is expected that an individual hexamer with heptadecyl chains would exhibit a uniform radius of ca. 24 angstrom. However, an approximate ratio of 1:5 between radii lengths for the minor axis and major axis is consistent with interpenetration of the heptadceyl chains of adjacent hexamers to form a single ellipsoidal assembly. C1 [Kline, Steven R.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kumari, Harshita; Schuster, Nathaniel J.; Barnes, Charles L.; Atwood, Jerry L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kline, SR (reprint author), NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.kline@nist.gov; Atwoodj@missouri.edu FU NSF [DMR-0944772] FX We thank the NSF for support of this research (J.L.A.). This work utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0944772 (S.R.K.). We also thank Dr. Carol A. Deakyne for inspiring discussions. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 16 PY 2011 VL 133 IS 45 BP 18102 EP 18105 DI 10.1021/ja208195t PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 852TU UT WOS:000297381200026 PM 21970764 ER PT J AU Percec, V Hudson, SD Peterca, M Leowanawat, P Aqad, E Graf, R Spiess, HW Zeng, XB Ungar, G Heiney, PA AF Percec, Virgil Hudson, Steven D. Peterca, Mihai Leowanawat, Pawaret Aqad, Emad Graf, Robert Spiess, Hans W. Zeng, Xiangbing Ungar, Goran Heiney, Paul A. TI Self-Repairing Complex Helical Columns Generated via Kinetically Controlled Self-Assembly of Dendronized Perylene Bisimides SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SPHERICAL SUPRAMOLECULAR DENDRIMERS; CONSTITUTIONAL ISOMERIC AB(2); LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE PHASE; SOLID-STATE-NMR; BUILDING-BLOCKS; PERYLENE-3,4-9,10-BIS(DICARBOXIMIDE) PIGMENTS; STRUCTURAL DIVERSITY; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; THERMODYNAMIC CONTROL; ORGANIC ELECTRONICS AB The dendronized perylene 3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic acid bisimide (PBI), (3,4,5)12G1-3-PBI, was recently reported to self-assemble in complex helical columns containing tetramers of PBI as basic repeat unit. These tetramers contain a pair of two molecules arranged side-by-side and another pair in the next stratum of the column turned upside-down and rotated around the column axis. Intra- and intertetramer rotation angles and stacking distances are different. At high temperature, (3,4,5)12G1-3-PBI self-assembles via a thermodynamically controlled process in a 2D hexagonal columnar phase while at low temperature in a 3D orthorhombic columnar array via a kinetically controlled process. Here, we report the synthesis and structural analysis, by a combination of differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray and electron diffraction, and solid-state NMR performed at different temperatures, on the supramolecular structures generated by a library of (3,4,5)nG1-3-PBI with n = 14-4. For n = 11-8, the kinetically controlled self-assembly from low temperature changes in a thermodynamically controlled process, while the orthorhombic columnar array for n = 9 and 8 transforms from the thermodynamic product into the kinetic product. The new thermodynamic product at low temperature for n = 9, 8 is a self-repaired helical column with an intra- and intertetramer distance of 3.5 angstrom forming a 3D monoclinic periodic array via a kinetically controlled self-assembly process. The complex dynamic process leading to this reorganization was elucidated by solid-state NMR and X-ray diffraction. This discovery is important for the field of self-assembly and for the molecular design of supramolecular electronics and solar cell. C1 [Percec, Virgil; Peterca, Mihai; Leowanawat, Pawaret; Aqad, Emad] Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Roy & Diana Vagelos Labs, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Peterca, Mihai; Heiney, Paul A.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Graf, Robert; Spiess, Hans W.] Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Zeng, Xiangbing; Ungar, Goran] Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Engn & Sci, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. [Hudson, Steven D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ungar, Goran] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, WCU C2E2, Seoul 151744, South Korea. RP Percec, V (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Roy & Diana Vagelos Labs, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM percec@sas.upenn.edu RI Peterca, Mihai/C-9504-2009; Percec, Virgil/H-6316-2014; Spiess, Hans Wolfgang/G-6777-2011 OI Peterca, Mihai/0000-0002-7247-4008; Percec, Virgil/0000-0001-5926-0489; Spiess, Hans Wolfgang/0000-0002-4779-654X FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0548559, DMR-0520020, DMR-1066116, DMS-0935165]; Humboldt Foundation; P. Roy Vagelos Chair at Penn; German Research Foundation (DFG) [SFB 625]; NANOGOLD [228455]; Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology of Korea [R31-10013]; WCU FX Financial support by the National Science Foundation (DMR-0548559, DMR-0520020, DMR-1066116, and DMS-0935165), the Humboldt Foundation, and the P. Roy Vagelos Chair at Penn is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also financially supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) through grant SFB 625, by the European FP7 Project NANOGOLD (grant 228455), and by the WCU Program funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology of Korea (R31-10013). NR 102 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 6 U2 73 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 16 PY 2011 VL 133 IS 45 BP 18479 EP 18494 DI 10.1021/ja208501d PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 852TU UT WOS:000297381200073 PM 21967251 ER PT J AU Moore, TS DeGrandpre, MD Sabine, CL Hamme, RC Zappa, CJ McGillis, WR Feely, RA Drennan, WM AF Moore, T. S. DeGrandpre, M. D. Sabine, C. L. Hamme, R. C. Zappa, C. J. McGillis, W. R. Feely, R. A. Drennan, W. M. TI Sea surface pCO(2) and O-2 in the Southern Ocean during the austral fall, 2008 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; IRON ENRICHMENT EXPERIMENT; LIQUID WAVE-GUIDE; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; ATLANTIC SECTOR; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ANNULAR MODE; WATERS; SEAWATER; VARIABILITY AB The physical and biological processes controlling surface mixed layer pCO(2) and O-2 were evaluated using in situ sensors mounted on a Lagrangian drifter deployed in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean (similar to 50 degrees S, similar to 37 degrees W) during the austral fall of 2008. The drifter was deployed three times during different phases of the study. The surface ocean pCO(2) was always less than atmospheric pCO(2) (-50.4 to -76.1 mu atm), and the ocean was a net sink for CO2 with fluxes averaging between 16.2 and 17.8 mmol C m(-2) d(-1). Vertical entrainment was the dominant process controlling mixed layer CO2, with fluxes that were 1.8 to 2.2 times greater than the gas exchange fluxes during the first two drifter deployments, and was 1.7 times greater during the third deployment. In contrast, during the first two deployments the surface mixed layer was always a source of O-2 to the atmosphere, and air-sea gas exchange was the dominant process occurring, with fluxes that were 2.0 to 4.1 times greater than the vertical entrainment flux. During the third deployment O-2 was near saturation the entire deployment and was a small source of O-2 to the atmosphere. Net community production (NCP) was low during this study, with mean fluxes of 3.2 to 6.4 mmol C m(-2) d(-1) during the first deployment and nondetectable (within uncertainty) in the third. During the second deployment the NCP was not separable from lateral advection. Overall, this study indicates that in the early fall the area is a significant sink for atmospheric CO2. C1 [Moore, T. S.; DeGrandpre, M. D.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem & Biochem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Drennan, W. M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Sabine, C. L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hamme, R. C.; Feely, R. A.] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [McGillis, W. R.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10964 USA. [Zappa, C. J.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Earth Inst, Ocean & Climate Phys Div, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Moore, TS (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Chem & Biochem, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM tommy.moore@umontana.edu; michael.degrandpre@umontana.edu; chris.sabine@noaa.gov; rhamme@uvic.ca; zappa@ldeo.columbia.edu; wrm2102@columbia.edu; richard.a.feely@noaa.gov; wdrennan@rsmas.miami.edu FU NSF [OCE-0726784]; NOAA [NA07OAR4310122] FX We thank Cory Beatty (University of Montana) for technical support and the Captain and crew of the NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown for cruise logistics. We would also like to thank the four anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments. NSF (OCE-0726784) and NOAA (NA07OAR4310122) funded this research. NR 63 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 16 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C00F11 DI 10.1029/2010JC006560 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 851LI UT WOS:000297271000001 ER PT J AU Foss-Feig, M Rey, AM AF Foss-Feig, Michael Rey, Ana Maria TI Phase diagram of the bosonic Kondo-Hubbard model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL LATTICE; ULTRACOLD ATOMS; MOTT INSULATOR; TRANSITION; SUPERFLUID; PHYSICS AB We study a bosonic version of the Kondo lattice model with an onsite repulsion in the conduction band, implemented with alkali-metal atoms in two bands of an optical lattice. Using both weak-and strong-coupling perturbation theory, we find that at unit filling of the conduction bosons the superfluid-to-Mott-insulator transition should be accompanied by a magnetic transition from a ferromagnet (in the superfluid) to a paramagnet (in the Mott insulator). Furthermore, an analytic treatment of Gutzwiller mean-field theory reveals that quantum spin fluctuations induced by the Kondo exchange cause the otherwise continuous superfluid-to-Mott-insulator phase transition to be first order. We show that lattice separability imposes a serious constraint on proposals to exploit excited bands for quantum simulations, and discuss a way to overcome this constraint in the context of our model by using an experimentally realized nonseparable lattice. A method to probe the first-order nature of the transition based on collapses and revivals of the matter-wave field is also discussed. C1 [Foss-Feig, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Foss-Feig, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU NSF (PFC) [PIF-0904017]; AFOSR; ARO; DARPA-OLE FX We thank S. Folling, I. Bloch, and L.-M. Duan for helpful discussions. This work was supported by grants from NSF (PFC and Grant No. PIF-0904017), AFOSR, and ARO with funding from DARPA-OLE. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 16 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 5 AR 053619 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.053619 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 849AC UT WOS:000297095400007 ER PT J AU Majkrzak, CF Carpenter, E Heinrich, F Berk, NF AF Majkrzak, Charles F. Carpenter, Elisabeth Heinrich, Frank Berk, Norman F. TI When beauty is only skin deep; optimizing the sensitivity of specular neutron reflectivity for probing structure beneath the surface of thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHASE DETERMINATION; SURROUNDING MEDIA; DENSITY PROFILES; REFLECTOMETRY; BILAYER; RECONSTRUCTION; MEMBRANES; PROGRESS; OBJECTS AB Specular neutron reflectometry has become an established probe of the nanometer scale structure of materials in thin film and multilayered form. It has contributed especially to our understanding of soft condensed matter of interest in polymer science, organic chemistry, and biology and of magnetic hard condensed matter systems. In this paper we examine a number of key factors which have emerged that can limit the sensitivity of neutron reflection as such a probe. Among these is loss of phase information, and we discuss how knowledge about material surrounding a film of interest can be applied to help resolve the problem. In this context we also consider what role the quantum phenomenon of interaction-free measurement might play in enhancing the statistical efficiency for obtaining reflectivity or transmission data. [doi: 10.1063/1.3661979] C1 [Majkrzak, Charles F.; Carpenter, Elisabeth; Heinrich, Frank; Berk, Norman F.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Carpenter, Elisabeth] NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10012 USA. [Heinrich, Frank] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Majkrzak, CF (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM charles.majkrzak@nist.gov RI Heinrich, Frank/A-5339-2010 OI Heinrich, Frank/0000-0002-8579-553X NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 110 IS 10 AR 102212 DI 10.1063/1.3661979 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 860JD UT WOS:000297943700013 ER PT J AU Shekhar, P Nanda, H Losche, M Heinrich, F AF Shekhar, Prabhanshu Nanda, Hirsh Loesche, Mathias Heinrich, Frank TI Continuous distribution model for the investigation of complex molecular architectures near interfaces with scattering techniques SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BILAYER-LIPID MEMBRANES; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; X-RAY; SURFACE MONOLAYERS; JOINT REFINEMENT; DIFFRACTION DATA; SIMULATIONS; PACKING; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; REFLECTOMETRY AB Biological membranes are composed of a thermally disordered lipid matrix and therefore require non-crystallographic scattering approaches for structural characterization with x-rays or neutrons. Here we develop a continuous distribution (CD) model to refine neutron or x-ray reflectivity data from complex architectures of organic molecules. The new model is a flexible implementation of the composition-space refinement of interfacial structures to constrain the resulting scattering length density profiles. We show this model increases the precision with which molecular components may be localized within a sample, with a minimal use of free model parameters. We validate the new model by parameterizing all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of bilayers and by evaluating the neutron reflectivity of a phospholipid bilayer physisorbed to a solid support. The determination of the structural arrangement of a sparsely-tethered bilayer lipid membrane (stBLM) comprised of a multi-component phospholipid bilayer anchored to a gold substrate by a thiolated oligo(ethylene oxide) linker is also demonstrated. From the model we extract the bilayer composition and density of tether points, information which was previously inaccessible for stBLM systems. The new modeling strategy has been implemented into the ga_refl reflectivity data evaluation suite, available through the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Neutron Research (NCNR). (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3661986] C1 [Shekhar, Prabhanshu; Nanda, Hirsh; Loesche, Mathias; Heinrich, Frank] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Nanda, Hirsh; Loesche, Mathias; Heinrich, Frank] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shekhar, P (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM quench@cmu.edu RI Heinrich, Frank/A-5339-2010; Losche, Mathias/J-2986-2013 OI Heinrich, Frank/0000-0002-8579-553X; Losche, Mathias/0000-0001-6666-916X FU U.S. Department of Commerce [70NANB8H8009]; NIH [1P01 AG032131] FX We thank Dr. Norbert Kucerka, Dr. Charles F. Majkrzak, Dr. John F. Nagle, and Dr. David Worcester for fruitful discussions, and Dr. Joseph Dura for the preparation of the thermally oxidized silicon wafer. We acknowledge Dr. Paul Kienzle for expert help regarding the data analysis software and Dr. Peter Yaron and Dr. Duncan McGillivray for critically reading the manuscript. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce through the MSE program under Grant No. 70NANB8H8009 and by the NIH (1P01 AG032131). This research was partially performed at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 110 IS 10 AR 102216 DI 10.1063/1.3661986 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 860JD UT WOS:000297943700017 PM 22207767 ER PT J AU Gao, ST Li, XF AF Gao, Shouting Li, Xiaofan TI The dependence of precipitation efficiency on rainfall type in a cloud-resolving model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DEEP CONVECTIVE REGIME; TROPICAL CONVECTION; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; STRATIFORM REGIONS; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; SQUALL LINE; TOGA COARE; WATER; MICROPHYSICS; SIMULATIONS AB The rain microphysical precipitation efficiency (RMPE), the cloud microphysical precipitation efficiency (CMPE), and the large-scale precipitation efficiency (LSPE) are analyzed using 21 day two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation data for the period of 18 December 1992 to 9 January 1993 in the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) for eight rainfall types separated by a partitioning scheme based on the surface rainfall budget. RMPE estimated from grid-scale data is considered to be the reference precipitation efficiency. Mean versus gridded estimates of RMPE and CMPE show that they are not very sensitive to spatial scales for all rainfall types. The root-mean-square (RMS) differences between LSPE and RMPE are larger than the standard deviations of RMPE for five rainfall types, and the time-mean LSPE estimates are lower than those of RMPE for six rainfall types, indicating that LSPE is not a good estimate for RMPE. Although the RMS differences between CMPE and RMPE are smaller or marginally smaller than the standard deviations of RMPE for all rainfall types, CMPE estimates are lower than those of RMPE for four rainfall types. C1 [Gao, Shouting] Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Gao, ST (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM gst@lasg.iap.ac.cn RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 FU National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China [2009CB421505]; National Natural Sciences Foundation of China [40930950, 41075043] FX The authors thank M. Zhang, State University of New York at Stonybrook, for his TOGA COARE forcing data. This work is supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China 2009CB421505, and the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China under grants 40930950 and 41075043. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D21207 DI 10.1029/2011JD016117 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 851KD UT WOS:000297266900005 ER PT J AU Blonquist, JM Montzka, SA Munger, JW Yakir, D Desai, AR Dragoni, D Griffis, TJ Monson, RK Scott, RL Bowling, DR AF Blonquist, J. M., Jr. Montzka, S. A. Munger, J. W. Yakir, D. Desai, A. R. Dragoni, D. Griffis, T. J. Monson, R. K. Scott, R. L. Bowling, D. R. TI The potential of carbonyl sulfide as a proxy for gross primary production at flux tower sites SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; SUB-ALPINE FOREST; TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST; LOBLOLLY-PINE FOREST; EDDY COVARIANCE; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; NITROGEN-OXIDES; GRADIENT RELATIONSHIPS; HIGH-ELEVATION AB Seasonal dynamics of atmospheric carbonyl sulfide (OCS) at regional and continental scales and plant OCS exchange at the leaf level have shown a close relationship with those for CO(2). CO(2) has both sinks and sources within terrestrial ecosystems, but the primary terrestrial exchange for OCS is thought to be leaf uptake, suggesting potential for OCS uptake as a proxy for gross primary production (GPP). We explored the utility of OCS uptake as a GPP proxy in micrometeorological studies of biosphere-atmosphere CO(2) exchange by applying theoretical concepts from earlier OCS studies to estimate GPP. We partitioned measured net ecosystem exchange (NEE) using the ratio of measured vertical mole fraction gradients of OCS and CO(2). At the Harvard Forest AmeriFlux site, measured CO(2) and OCS vertical gradients were correlated and were related to NEE and GPP, respectively. Estimates of GPP from OCS-based NEE partitioning were similar to those from established environmental regression techniques, providing evidence that OCS uptake can potentially serve as a GPP proxy. Measured vertical CO(2) mole fraction gradients at five other AmeriFlux sites were used to project anticipated vertical OCS mole fraction gradients to provide indication of potential OCS signal magnitudes at sites where no OCS measurements were made. Projected OCS gradients at sites with short canopies were greater than those in forests, including measured OCS gradients at Harvard Forest, indicating greater potential for OCS uptake as a GPP proxy at these sites. This exploratory study suggests that continued investigation of linkages between OCS and GPP is warranted. C1 [Blonquist, J. M., Jr.; Bowling, D. R.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Montzka, S. A.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Munger, J. W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Yakir, D.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci & Energy Res, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Desai, A. R.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Dragoni, D.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Griffis, T. J.] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Monson, R. K.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Scott, R. L.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Blonquist, JM (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM mark.blonquist@utah.edu RI Griffis, Timothy/A-5707-2011; Yakir, Dan/K-1500-2012; Desai, Ankur/A-5899-2008; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; OI Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0005236, DE-FG02-07ER64358, DE-FG02-06ER64316]; National Science Foundation Division of Graduate Education [DGE08-41233]; University of Utah; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Program Office; Northeastern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climate Change Research [3452-HU-DOE-4157]; Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, through the Midwestern Center of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC) [DE-FC03-90ER61010]; BER [DE-FG02-07ER64371]; USDA Northern Research Station [09-JV-11242306-105]; Wisconsin Focus on Energy; Western Section of the National Institute for Climate Change Research (NICCR); Office of Biological Research at the Department of Energy; National Science Foundation [ATM-0546476]; USDA-ARS FX Thanks to Elaine Gottlieb for help in collecting the within-canopy OCS samples at Harvard Forest; John Baker, Sean Burns, Ken Davis, and Hans-Peter Schmid for sharing AmeriFlux data; John Miller for thoughtful ideas and discussion; Tom Boden and the CDIAC staff for maintaining the AmeriFlux data archive; Markus Reichstein for maintaining the flux data gap-filling and flux-partitioning website; and Ryan Campbell for reviewing an early version of the paper. This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, grant DE-SC0005236. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the DOE. Mark Blonquist gratefully acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Division of Graduate Education, grant DGE08-41233, and the University of Utah. OCS measurements were supported in part by the Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Program Office. Observations at Harvard Forest were supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, grant DE-FG02-07ER64358, and through the Northeastern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climate Change Research (3452-HU-DOE-4157). Observations at Morgan Monroe State Forest were supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, through the Midwestern Center of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC), grant DE-FC03-90ER61010, and from BER, grant DE-FG02-07ER64371. Observations at Willow Creek were supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, through the Midwestern Regional Center of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change, under Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC03-90ER61010, and USDA Northern Research Station Joint Venture, agreement 09-JV-11242306-105, and the Wisconsin Focus on Energy. Observations at Niwot Ridge were supported by the Western Section of the National Institute for Climate Change Research (NICCR), which was supported by the Office of Biological Research at the Department of Energy, and the Long-Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) Program at the National Science Foundation. Observations at Kendall Grassland were supported by USDA-ARS. Observations at Rosemount were supported by the National Science Foundation, grant ATM-0546476, and the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, grant DE-FG02-06ER64316. NR 76 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 116 AR G04019 DI 10.1029/2011JG001723 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 851IA UT WOS:000297260500002 ER PT J AU Hu, ZZ Kumar, A Huang, BH Xue, Y Wang, WQ Jha, B AF Hu, Zeng-Zhen Kumar, Arun Huang, Bohua Xue, Yan Wang, Wanqiu Jha, Bhaskar TI Persistent Atmospheric and Oceanic Anomalies in the North Atlantic from Summer 2009 to Summer 2010 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; EL-NINO; SST ANOMALIES; FORCED VARIABILITY; FORECAST SYSTEM; COUPLED MODEL; PART I; OSCILLATION AB In this work, the authors analyze the air sea interaction processes associated with the persistent atmospheric and oceanic anomalies in the North Atlantic Ocean during summer 2009 summer 2010 with a record-breaking positive sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the hurricane Main Development Region (MDR) in the spring and summer of 2010. Contributions to the anomalies from the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and a long-term trend are identified. The warming in the tropical North Atlantic during summer 2009 summer 2010 represented a typical response to ENSO, preconditioned and amplified by the influence of a strong and persistent negative phase of the NAO. The long-term trends enhanced the warming in the high and low latitudes and weakened the cooling in the midlatitudes. The persistent negative phase of the NAO was associated with active thermodynamic air sea interaction in the North Atlantic basin. Surface wind anomalies associated with the NAO altered the ocean surface heat flux and changed the SSTA, which was likely further enhanced by the positive wind speed-evaporation-SST feedback. The total heat flux was dominated by the latent and sensible heat fluxes, while the shortwave radiation contributed to the tropical SSTA to a lesser degree. Sensitivity experiments with an atmospheric general circulation model forced by observed SST in the Atlantic Ocean alone suggested that the Atlantic SSTA, which was partly forced by the NAO, had some positive contribution to the persistence of the negative phase of the NAO. Therefore, the persistent NAO condition is partly an outcome of the global climate anomalies and the ocean atmosphere feedback within the Atlantic basin. The combination of the ENSO, NAO, and long-term trend resulted in the record-breaking positive SSTA in the MDR in the boreal spring and summer of 2010. On the basis of the statistical relationship, the SSTA pattern in the North Atlantic was reasonably well predicted by using the preceding ENSO and NAO as predictors. C1 [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Kumar, Arun; Xue, Yan; Wang, Wanqiu; Jha, Bhaskar] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Huang, Bohua] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA. [Huang, Bohua] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Jha, Bhaskar] Wyle Informat Syst, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Hu, ZZ (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Suite 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM zeng-zhen.hu@noaa.gov RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400 FU NOAA CVP [NA07OAR4310310]; COLA from NSF [ATM-0830068]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310058]; NASA [NNX09AN50G] FX We appreciate the comments of Michelle L'Heureux and Hui Wang, M. Alexander, and the anonymous reviewers, which significantly improved the manuscript. Thanks also are given to Boyin Huang, Mingyue Chen, and Scott Weaver for their help. Huang is supported by the NOAA CVP Program (NA07OAR4310310) as well as the COLA omnibus program from NSF (ATM-0830068), NOAA (NA09OAR4310058), and NASA (NNX09AN50G). NR 84 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 22 BP 5812 EP 5830 DI 10.1175/2011JCLI4213.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 849PX UT WOS:000297138700007 ER PT J AU MacCrehan, W Moore, S Schantz, M AF MacCrehan, William Moore, Stephanie Schantz, Michele TI Evaluating Headspace Component Vapor-Time Profiles by Solid-Phase Microextraction with External Sampling of an Internal Standard SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EXPLOSIVES AB The vapor-time profiles of explosive materials are of valuable interest to Homeland Security, providing critical information that can aid in the detection of explosive-containing devices. An approach is described that achieves reproducible characterization of volatile components as a function of time based on comparison of the sample response to an externally sampled internal standard (ESIS). Utilizing nonequilibrium solid-phase microextraction (SPME) measurements, this SPME-ESIS technique improves reproducibility (reported as percent relative standard deviation) of vapor-time profiles by approximately an order of magnitude and allows for an equitable comparison of the target compound between diverse materials. Two odorants associated with canine detection of explosives, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and 2,4-dinitrotoluene, are used to optimize parameters for the SPME-ESIS technique. C1 [MacCrehan, William; Moore, Stephanie; Schantz, Michele] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP MacCrehan, W (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.maccrehan@nist.gov FU Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate [HSHQDC-10-00297] FX The Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate funded the production of the work presented in this material under HSHQDC-10-00297 with NIST. We thank the Gerstel, Inc. team in Linthicum, MD for their technical support. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 22 BP 8560 EP 8565 DI 10.1021/ac201888r PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 845NQ UT WOS:000296830200029 PM 21961948 ER PT J AU Ballihaut, G Kilpatrick, LE Davis, WC AF Ballihaut, Guillaume Kilpatrick, Lisa E. Davis, W. Clay TI Detection, Identification, and Quantification of Selenoproteins in a Candidate Human Plasma Standard Reference Material SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN SERUM; ICP-MS; HUMAN HEALTH; SELENIUM; CANCER; SUPPLEMENTATION; PREVENTION; BIOMARKERS; SPECIATION; PROTEOME AB To understand the effect of Se supplementation on health, it is critical to accurately assess the Se status in the human body by measuring reliable biomarkers. The preferred biomarkers of the Se status are selenoprotein P (SelP) and glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) along with selenoalbumin (SeAlb), but there is still a real need for reference methods and reference materials to validate their measurements. Therefore, this work presents a systematic approach to provide quality control data in selenoprotein measurements. This approach combines online isotope dilution affinity liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), laser ablation ICPMS, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to identify and quantify SelP, GPx3, and SeAlb in a human plasma reference material SRM 1950. Quantitative determinations of SelP, GPO, and SeAlb were 50.2 +/- 4.3, 23.6 +/- 1.3, and 28.2 +/- 2.6 ng g(-1) as Se, respectively. The subsequent identification of the selenoproteins included nine SelP peptides, including two selenopeptides and nine GPx3 peptides, while albumin was identified with a protein coverage factor >95%. The structural elucidation of selenoproteins in the target Se affinity fractions in SRM 1950 provides information needed for method validation and quality control measurements of selenoproteins and therefore the selenium status in human plasma. C1 [Ballihaut, Guillaume; Davis, W. Clay] NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Kilpatrick, Lisa E.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Davis, WC (reprint author), NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Div Analyt Chem, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM clay.davis@nist.gov NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 22 BP 8667 EP 8674 DI 10.1021/ac2021147 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 845NQ UT WOS:000296830200044 PM 22007999 ER PT J AU Thomas, PC Raghavan, SR Forry, SP AF Thomas, Peter C. Raghavan, Srinivasa R. Forry, Samuel P. TI Regulating Oxygen Levels in a Microfluidic Device SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CELL-CULTURE; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); DISEASE; CANCER; LIVER AB Microfluidic devices made from poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) are gas permeable and have been used to provide accurate on-chip oxygen regulation. However, pervaporation in PDMS devices can rapidly lead to dramatic changes in solution osmotic pressure. In the present study, we demonstrate a new method for on-chip oxygen control using pre-equilibrated aqueous solutions in gas-control channels to regulate the oxygen content in stagnant microfluidic test chambers. An off-chip gas exchanger is used to equilibrate each control solution prior to entering the chip. Using this strategy, problems due to pervaporation are considerably reduced. An integrated PDMS-based oxygen sensor allows accurate real-time measurements of the oxygen within the microfluidic chamber. The measurements were found to be consistent with predictions from finite-element modeling. C1 [Thomas, Peter C.; Forry, Samuel P.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Thomas, Peter C.] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Raghavan, Srinivasa R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Forry, SP (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sam.forry@nist.gov NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 22 BP 8821 EP 8824 DI 10.1021/ac202300g PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 845NQ UT WOS:000296830200065 PM 21995289 ER PT J AU McDonald-Buller, EC Allen, DT Brown, N Jacob, DJ Jaffe, D Kolb, CE Lefohn, AS Oltmans, S Parrish, DD Yarwood, G Zhang, L AF McDonald-Buller, Elena C. Allen, David T. Brown, Nancy Jacob, Daniel J. Jaffe, Daniel Kolb, Charles E. Lefohn, Allen S. Oltmans, Samuel Parrish, David D. Yarwood, Greg Zhang, Lin TI Establishing Policy Relevant Background (PRB) Ozone Concentrations in the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SURFACE OZONE; AIR-QUALITY; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; INTEGRATED ANALYSIS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; POLLUTION; EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT; AIRCRAFT AB Policy Relevant Background (PRB) ozone concentrations are defined by the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as those concentrations that would occur in the U.S. in the absence of anthropogenic emissions in continental North America (i.e., the U.S, Canada, and Mexico). Estimates of PRB ozone have had an important role historically in the EPA's human health and welfare risk analyses used in establishing National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The margin of safety for the protection of public health in the ozone rulemaking process has been established from human health risks calculated based on PRB ozone estimates. Sensitivity analyses conducted by the EPA have illustrated that changing estimates of PRB ozone concentrations have a progressively greater impact on estimates of mortality risk as more stringent standards are considered. As defined by the EPA, PRB ozone is a model construct, but it is informed by measurements at relatively remote monitoring sites (RRMS). This review examines the current understanding of PRB ozone, based on both model predictions and measurements at RAMS, and provides recommendations for improving the definition and determination of PRB ozone. C1 [McDonald-Buller, Elena C.; Allen, David T.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Brown, Nancy] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jacob, Daniel J.; Zhang, Lin] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jaffe, Daniel] Univ Washington, Bothell, WA USA. [Kolb, Charles E.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Lefohn, Allen S.] ASL & Associates, Helena, MT USA. [Oltmans, Samuel; Parrish, David D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO USA. [Yarwood, Greg] ENVIRON Int, Novato, CA USA. RP Allen, DT (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM allen@che.utexas.edu RI Zhang, Lin/A-6729-2008; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Kolb, Charles/A-8596-2009; Liu, Yanan/J-3680-2012; Zhang, Lin/H-9801-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Zhang, Lin/0000-0003-2383-8431; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; FU American Petroleum Institute FX We express our appreciation to Dr. Harvey Richmond, EPA Senior Risk Analyst, for his review of the manuscript. We also thank Chris Rabideau and Ted Steichen, the American Petroleum Institute observers for their attendance at the workshop, and Dr. Joseph Pinto of the Environmental Protection Agency for his attendance and participation in the workshop. We thank the American Petroleum Institute for providing financial support for the workshop, and the reviewers of the manuscript for their interest and insights. NR 82 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 5 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 22 BP 9484 EP 9497 DI 10.1021/es2022818 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 844OI UT WOS:000296756500004 PM 21985705 ER PT J AU Mattison, NT O'Carroll, DM Rowe, RK Petersen, EJ AF Mattison, Nikolai T. O'Carroll, Denis M. Rowe, R. Kerry Petersen, Elijah J. TI Impact of Porous Media Grain Size on the Transport of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLLOID FILTRATION THEORY; DEPOSITION; BIOACCUMULATION; NANOMATERIALS; MECHANISMS; FULLERENE; FUNCTIONALIZATION; ATTACHMENT; EFFICIENCY; VELOCITY AB Nanoparticles possess unique physical, electrical, and chemical properties which make them attractive for use in a wide range of consumer products. Through their manufacturing, usage, and eventual disposal, nanoparticles are expected to ultimately be released to the environment after which point they may pose environmental and human health risks. One critical component of understanding and modeling those potential risks is their transport in the subsurface environment. This study investigates the mobility of one important nanoparticle (multi-walled carbon nanotubes or MWCNTs) through porous media, and makes the first measurements on the impact of mean collector grain size (d(50)) on MWCNT retention. Results from one-dimensional column experiments conducted under various physical and chemical conditions coupled with results of numerical modeling assessed the suitability of traditional transport models to predict MWCNT mobility. Findings suggest that a dual deposition model coupled with site blocking greatly improves model fits compared to traditional colloid filtration theory. Of particular note is that the MWCNTs traveled through porous media ranging in size from fine sand to silt resulting in normalized concentrations of MWCNTs in the effluent in excess of 60% of the influent concentration. C1 [Mattison, Nikolai T.; O'Carroll, Denis M.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, London, ON N6A 5B8, Canada. [O'Carroll, Denis M.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Water Res Lab, Manly Vale, NSW 2093, Australia. [Rowe, R. Kerry] Queens Univ, GeoEngn Ctr Queens RMC, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Petersen, Elijah J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP O'Carroll, DM (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, London, ON N6A 5B8, Canada. EM docarroll@eng.uwo.ca RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013; O'Carroll, Denis/E-6382-2013; OI O'Carroll, Denis/0000-0001-6557-226X FU Ontario Ministry of the Environment; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Foundation for Innovation FX Certain commercial equipment or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. This research was supported by an Ontario Ministry of the Environment Best in Science Award, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation. We thank Howard Fairbrother for his helpful advice on MWCNT stability. NR 42 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 66 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 22 BP 9765 EP 9775 DI 10.1021/es2017076 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 844OI UT WOS:000296756500040 PM 21950836 ER PT J AU Dimitriou, MD Zhou, ZL Yoo, HS Killops, KL Finlay, JA Cone, G Sundaram, HS Lynd, NA Barteau, KP Campos, LM Fischer, DA Callow, ME Callow, JA Ober, CK Hawker, CJ Kramer, EJ AF Dimitriou, Michael D. Zhou, Zhaoli Yoo, Hee-Soo Killops, Kato L. Finlay, John A. Cone, Gemma Sundaram, Harihara S. Lynd, Nathaniel A. Barteau, Katherine P. Campos, Luis M. Fischer, Daniel A. Callow, Maureen E. Callow, James A. Ober, Christopher K. Hawker, Craig J. Kramer, Edward J. TI A General Approach to Controlling the Surface Composition of Poly(ethylene oxide)-Based Block Copolymers for Antifouling Coatings SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID GREEN-ALGA ULVA; FOULING-RELEASE PROPERTIES; AMPHIPHILIC SIDE-CHAINS; HYPERBRANCHED FLUOROPOLYMERS; ADHESION STRENGTH; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; POLYMER BRUSHES; THIN-FILMS; GLYCOL); ENTEROMORPHA AB To control the surface properties of a polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer, perfluorinated chemical moieties were specifically incorporated into the block copolymer backbone. A polystyrene-block-poly [(ethylene oxide)-stat-(allyl glycidyl ether)] [PS-b-P(EO-stat-AGE)] statistical diblock terpolymer was synthesized with varying incorporations of allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) in the poly(ethylene oxide) block from 0 to 17 mol %. The pendant alkenes of the AGE repeat units were subsequently functionalized by thiolene chemistry with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctanethiol, yielding fluorocarbon-functionalized AGE (fAGE) repeat units. (1)H NMR spectroscopy and size-exclusion chromatography indicated well-defined structures with complete functionalization of the pendant alkenes. The surfaces of the polymer films were characterized after spray coating by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS), showing that the P(EO-stat-fAGE) block starts to compete with polystyrene to populate the surface after only 1 mol % incorporation of fAGE. Increasing the incorporation of fAGE led to an increased amount of perfluorocarbons on the surface and a decrease in the concentration of PS. At a fAGE incorporation of 8 mol %, PS was not detected at the surface, as measured by NEXAFS spectroscopy. Water contact angles measured by the captive-air-bubble technique showed the underwater surfaces to be dynamic, with advancing and receding contact angles varying by >20 degrees. Protein adsorption studies demonstrated that the fluorinated surfaces effectively prevent nonspecific binding of proteins relative to an unmodified PS-b-PEO diblock copolymer. In biological systems, settlement of spores of the green macroalga Ulva was significantly lower for the fAGE-incorporated polymers compared to the unmodified diblock and a polydimethylsiloxane elastomer standard. Furthermore, the attachment strength of sporelings (young plants) of Ulva was also reduced for the fAGE-containing polymers, affirming their potential as fouling-release coatings. C1 [Zhou, Zhaoli; Yoo, Hee-Soo; Sundaram, Harihara S.; Ober, Christopher K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Dimitriou, Michael D.; Hawker, Craig J.; Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Dimitriou, Michael D.; Killops, Kato L.; Lynd, Nathaniel A.; Barteau, Katherine P.; Campos, Luis M.; Hawker, Craig J.; Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Killops, Kato L.; Campos, Luis M.; Hawker, Craig J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Barteau, Katherine P.; Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Finlay, John A.; Cone, Gemma; Callow, Maureen E.; Callow, James A.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ober, CK (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cko3@cornell.edu; hawker@mrl.ucsb.edu; edkramer@mrl.ucsb.edu RI Sundaram, Harihara Subramanian/D-8266-2012; Campos, Luis/B-4757-2010 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N000141110330, N000141110325]; NSF [DMR-0704539]; NSF-MRSEC (UCSB MRL) [DMR-1121053] FX This work was primarily supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through Award N000141110330 (C.K.O.) and Award N000141110325 (E.J.K.). M.D.D. and E.J.K acknowledge partial support from the NSF Polymers Program (DMR-0704539), as well as the use of facilities funded by the NSF-MRSEC program (UCSB MRL, DMR-1121053). NR 63 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 8 U2 140 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 27 IS 22 BP 13762 EP 13772 DI 10.1021/la202509m PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 842KM UT WOS:000296598300045 PM 21888355 ER PT J AU Rogers, PH Semancik, S AF Rogers, Phillip H. Semancik, Steve TI Feedback-enabled discrimination enhancement for temperature-programmed chemiresistive microsensors SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE Sensor drift; Chemiresistor; Microheater; Microsensor ID SENSOR; ARRAY; CO AB Temperature cycling can be used to enrich signal streams in gas phase sensing, however drift that can occur when repeatedly applying such cycles can degrade target recognition over time. A method for correcting heater drift through operational feedback has been implemented specifically to examine the level of performance improvement introduced for a single microhotplate-based chemiresistive sensing element exposed to multiple gas compositions. The element included approximate to 30 nm chemical vapor-deposited thin film of SnO(2) formed over the interdigitated Pt electrodes, which acted as the transduction interface. Gas exposure experiments were performed using concentrations of methanol and ethane less than 100 mu mol/mol in backgrounds of dry air and 15% relative humidity air. Removing temperature drift is shown to significantly decrease sensing signal drift, thereby facilitating enhanced target identification. Since this approach represents an operational adjustment, similar performance benefits are expected for sensing devices based upon other chemiresistive materials. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rogers, Phillip H.; Semancik, Steve] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Semancik, S (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS8362, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steves@nist.gov FU NIST FX We gratefully acknowledge funding for this project through the NIST/NRC Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program. We also thank Chip Montgomery and Kurt Benkstein for their valuable contributions to this project. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2011 VL 158 IS 1 BP 111 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2011.05.051 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 828KP UT WOS:000295500200015 ER PT J AU Sobolewski, MA AF Sobolewski, Mark A. TI Origin of electrical signals for plasma etching endpoint detection SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-DENSITY; DISCHARGE; LAYER AB Electrical signals are used for endpoint detection in plasma etching, but the origin of the electrical changes observed at endpoint is not known. They may be caused by changes in the gas-phase densities of etch products and reactants or by changes in substrate surface properties such as photoemitted or ion-induced electron yield. To investigate these effects, experiments were performed in an inductively coupled, rf-biased reactor, during CF4/Ar etches of SiO2 films on Si wafers. The rf bias impedance was measured vs. time during etching, simultaneous with Langmuir probe measurements. At endpoint, a decrease in impedance coincided with increases in ion current and electron energy. The data, analyzed by a numerical model of the discharge, indicate that changes in electron emission yield were relatively insignificant or entirely absent. Thus the impedance change is not a surface effect but is, instead, predominantly or entirely a gas-phase phenomenon. [doi:10.1063/1.3662973] C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sobolewski, MA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.sobolewski@nist.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2011 VL 99 IS 20 AR 201502 DI 10.1063/1.3662973 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 858HL UT WOS:000297786500013 ER PT J AU Tanner, MG Dyer, SD Baek, B Hadfield, RH Nam, SW AF Tanner, Michael G. Dyer, Shellee D. Baek, Burm Hadfield, Robert H. Sae Woo Nam TI High-resolution single-mode fiber-optic distributed Raman sensor for absolute temperature measurement using superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We demonstrate a distributed fiber Raman sensor for absolute temperature measurement with spatial resolution on the order of 1 cm at 1550 nm wavelength in a single-mode fiber using superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. Rapid measurements are shown, with less than 60 s integration period, allowing the demonstration of temperature evolution in an optical fiber recorded at over 100 resolvable, 1.2 cm spaced positions along the fiber simultaneously. This distributed sensor has potential application as a primary reference standard, in which high-accuracy, high-spatial-resolution temperature measurements can be obtained without the need for a separate temperature calibration standard. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3656702] C1 [Tanner, Michael G.; Hadfield, Robert H.] Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Tanner, Michael G.; Hadfield, Robert H.] Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Dyer, Shellee D.; Baek, Burm; Sae Woo Nam] NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Tanner, MG (reprint author), Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. EM M.Tanner@hw.ac.uk RI Hadfield, Robert/L-8081-2013; Tanner, Michael/A-4440-2012 OI Hadfield, Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187; FU UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Royal Society University FX The authors are grateful to the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) of Japan for providing SNSPDs for this experiment. M.G.T. and R.H.H. acknowledge funding from the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. R.H.H. also acknowledges a Royal Society University Research Fellowship. The authors thank Robert Maier and Bill MacPherson for useful discussions. NR 12 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2011 VL 99 IS 20 AR 201110 DI 10.1063/1.3656702 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 858HL UT WOS:000297786500010 ER PT J AU Heilweil, EJ Johnson, JO Mosley, KL Lubet, PP Webster, CE Burkey, TJ AF Heilweil, Edwin J. Johnson, Jermaine O. Mosley, Karen L. Lubet, Philippe P. Webster, Charles Edwin Burkey, Theodore J. TI Engineering Femtosecond Organometallic Chemistry: Photochemistry and Dynamics of Ultrafast Chelation of Cyclopentadienylmanganese Tricarbonyl Derivatives with Pendant Benzenecarbonyl and Pyridinecarbonyl Groups SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; POLARIZATION FUNCTIONS; LINKAGE ISOMERIZATION; TRANSIENT ABSORPTION; INFRARED-ABSORPTION; QUANTUM YIELDS; RING-CLOSURE; BASIS-SETS; COMPLEXES AB The chelation following photodissociation of CO for cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl derivatives with a bifunctional side chain has been investigated. Previous studies show that steady-state irradiation of 1 (Mn{eta(5)-C(5)H(4)CH(2)COR}-(CO)(3), R = 2-pyridyl) leads to CO dissociation and formation of O-chelate 2 with smaller amounts of N-chelate 3. Subsequently, 2 rearranges thermally to 3. A new preparation for 1 is reported, while analogues 4 (R = phenyl) and 5 (R = 4-pyridyl) are prepared for the first time. Steady-state UV-vis, FTIR, and NMR studies of 4 and 5 in heptane demonstrate that O-chelates 6 and 7, respectively, are formed with the side-chain oxygen but decay on the minute time scale. The linkage isomerization of O-chelate 2 to 3 is faster than the decay observed for the O-chelate 6 (R = 2-pyridyl versus Ph), even in the presence of 0.1 M pyridine for the latter. Following irradiation of 4 during time-resolved infrared studies in heptane, ultrafast O-chelation is observed but not ultrafast solvent coordination. Ultrafast O-chelation is also observed for 5 along with an unidentified transient. Following irradiation of 1, ultrafast O- and N-chelation are observed, to the exclusion of ultrafast solvent coordination. This result suggests that chelate formation is a subpicosecond process and that both chelates are formed independently. A split in the otherwise degenerate stretching bands for 4 and 5 in FTIR spectra suggests that there is significant electronic communication between the side chain and the metal carbonyl groups. The results suggest that ultrafast chelation is favored by side-chain conformations that position a functional group near the metal center. C1 [Johnson, Jermaine O.; Mosley, Karen L.; Lubet, Philippe P.; Webster, Charles Edwin; Burkey, Theodore J.] Univ Memphis, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Webster, CE (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM cewebstr@memphis.edu; tburkey@memphis.edu OI Webster, Charles Edwin/0000-0002-6917-2957 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0911528]; National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB8H129] FX This work was partly supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CHE-0911528 (T.J.B. and C.E.W.) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology under Award No. 70NANB8H129 (T.J.B.). NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD NOV 14 PY 2011 VL 30 IS 21 BP 5611 EP 5619 DI 10.1021/om2003656 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 841BL UT WOS:000296487100011 ER PT J AU Nembach, HT Livesey, KL Kostylev, MP Martin-Pimentel, P Hermsdoerfer, SJ Leven, B Fassbender, J Hillebrands, B AF Nembach, H. T. Livesey, K. L. Kostylev, M. P. Martin-Pimentel, P. Hermsdoerfer, S. J. Leven, B. Fassbender, J. Hillebrands, B. TI Magneto-optical observation of four-wave scattering in a 15-nm Ni81Fe19 film during large-angle magnetization precession SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; THIN-FILMS; REVERSAL; DYNAMICS; WAVES; ELLIPSOMETRY; RELAXATION; PERMALLOY; SURFACE AB Large-angle magnetization precession induced by a short pulsed magnetic field in a 15-nm thick Ni81Fe19 film is observed by use of a time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect technique with sensitivity to all three components of the magnetization vector. A reduction of the magnitude of the magnetization vector vertical bar M vertical bar during large-angle precession is inferred and indicates incoherent dynamics due to excitation of traveling spin waves with wavelengths smaller than the diameter of the sampling area, that is, the laser spot size for the magneto-optical measurements. The reduction in vertical bar M vertical bar depends on the magnetic bias field H-bias, which can be qualitatively understood by comparison to the theoretical threshold for observing four-magnon scattering in a small time interval t. We estimate that two-magnon scattering cannot explain the experimental results. C1 [Nembach, H. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Livesey, K. L.; Kostylev, M. P.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Phys M013, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Martin-Pimentel, P.; Hermsdoerfer, S. J.; Leven, B.; Hillebrands, B.] Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Phys, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Martin-Pimentel, P.; Hermsdoerfer, S. J.; Leven, B.; Hillebrands, B.] Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Res Ctr OPTIMAS, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Fassbender, J.] Forschungszentrum Dresden Rossendorf eV, Inst Ionenstrahlphys & Mat Forsch, D-01328 Dresden, Germany. RP Nembach, HT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM livesey@physics.uwa.edu.au RI Fassbender, Juergen/A-8664-2008; Livesey, Karen/F-9074-2011; Kostylev, Mikhail/H-5214-2014; Hillebrands, Burkard/C-6242-2008 OI Fassbender, Juergen/0000-0003-3893-9630; Hillebrands, Burkard/0000-0001-8910-0355 FU Hackett Student Fund; Seagate Technologies; Australian Research Council; University of Western Australia FX K.L.L. acknowledges the Hackett Student Fund and Seagate Technologies for support. K.L.L. and M.P.K. acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council and the University of Western Australia. The authors also wish to thank K. Postava and J. Hamrle for valuable contributions with respect to the quadratic contributions to the MO signal and H. Schultheiss for support with the experiment. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 14 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 18 AR 184413 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.184413 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 849BL UT WOS:000297099800012 ER PT J AU Clague, DA Paduan, JB Caress, DW Thomas, H Chadwick, WW Merle, SG AF Clague, David A. Paduan, Jennifer B. Caress, David W. Thomas, Hans Chadwick, William W., Jr. Merle, Susan G. TI Volcanic morphology of West Mata Volcano, NE Lau Basin, based on high-resolution bathymetry and depth changes SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE arc volcanism; high-resolution mapping; submarine volcanism; volcanic landforms ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; KILAUEA VOLCANO; LAVA FLOWS; HAWAII; ERUPTION; DEPOSITS; EMPLACEMENT; ACCRETION; PILLARS AB High-resolution (1.5 m) mapping from the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) D. Allan B. of West Mata Volcano in the northern Lau Basin is used to identify the processes that construct and modify the volcano. The surface consists largely of volcaniclastic debris that forms smooth slopes to the NW and SE, with smaller lava flows forming gently sloping plateaus concentrated along the ENE and WSW rift zones, and more elongate flows radiating from the summit. Two active volcanic vents, Prometheus and Hades, are located similar to 50 and similar to 150 m WSW of the 1159 m summit, respectively, and are slightly NW of the ridgeline so the most abundant clastic deposits are emplaced on the NW flank. This eruptive activity and the location of vents appears to have been persistent for more than a decade, based on comparison of ship-based bathymetric surveys in 1996 and 2008-2010, which show positive depth changes up to 96 m on the summit and north flank of the volcano. The widespread distribution of clastic deposits downslope from the rift zones, as well as from the current vents, suggests that pyroclastic activity occurs at least as deep as 2200 m. The similar morphology of additional nearby volcanoes suggests that they too have abundant pyroclastic deposits. C1 [Clague, David A.; Paduan, Jennifer B.; Caress, David W.; Thomas, Hans] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Chadwick, William W., Jr.; Merle, Susan G.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Chadwick, William W., Jr.; Merle, Susan G.] NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Clague, DA (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandhold Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM clague@mbari.org; paje@mbari.org; caress@mbari.org; hthomas@mbari.org; william.w.chadwick@noaa.gov; susan.merle@noaa.gov OI Caress, David/0000-0002-6596-9133 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0929411, OCE-0929881, OCE-0930025, OCE-0934660, OCE-0934278]; NOAA-Ocean Exploration and Research; Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX R/V Thompson cruise TN234, with Joe Resing and Bob Embley as chief scientists, was funded by the National Science Foundation Marine Geology and Geophysics program (OCE-0929411, -0929881, -0930025, and -0934660), NOAA-Ocean Exploration and Research, and the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. Operational and personnel costs for the Mapping AUV were supported through a grant to MBARI from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and shipping and travel costs were supported by NSF grant OCE-0934278 for the AUV technical team. Discussions at sea and post-cruise with Ken Rubin, Bob Embley, and Joe Resing improved our understanding of West Mata. This is PMEL contribution 3723. NR 72 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD NOV 12 PY 2011 VL 12 AR QOAF03 DI 10.1029/2011GC003791 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 848HI UT WOS:000297042100001 ER PT J AU Chakraborty, P Zachariah, MR AF Chakraborty, Purnendu Zachariah, Michael R. TI On the structure of organic-coated water droplets: From "net water attractors" to "oily" drops SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID COARSE-GRAIN MODEL; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; SURFACE; FILMS; IDENTIFICATION; NANOAEROSOLS; NANODROPLETS; SIMULATIONS; HYDROLYSIS AB Organic-coated aerosols are believed to play an important role in atmospheric processes thereby influencing global climate. In our earlier works involving water droplets coated with hydrocarbon chains (C-12, dodecanoic acid) we found that these particles prefer an inverted micelle structure with an aqueous core and a hydrophobic surface. Such particles maintained their overall spherical shapes (with a spherical water-fatty acid interface) leading to a negative surface tension. Consequently, such particles were seen to be net "water attractors" despite a hydrophobic surface. In this paper, we report the results of molecular dynamics studies, in which we investigated the effect of fatty acid chain length, chain branching, and terminal group on the morphology and properties of water droplets coated with organics. It has been seen that for particles coated with longer/branched surfactants, the fatty acid chains tend to align parallel to each other, forcing local flattening and significant distortion of the underlying water substrate. Sticking coefficient calculations of water vapor on such particles showed that these newly formed particles behave in a manner that is consistent with an "oily" surface as opposed to particles with shorter chains that can process water and are "net water attractors." C1 [Chakraborty, Purnendu; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zachariah, Michael R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chakraborty, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 12 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D21205 DI 10.1029/2011JD015961 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 848KZ UT WOS:000297051800002 ER PT J AU Lu, E Luo, YL Zhang, RH Wu, QX Liu, LP AF Lu, Er Luo, Yali Zhang, Renhe Wu, Qiuxia Liu, Liping TI Regional atmospheric anomalies responsible for the 2009-2010 severe drought in China SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WATER-VAPOR TRANSPORT; NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; UNITED-STATES; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; PRECIPITATION RELATIONSHIPS; SPRINGTIME PRECIPITATION; CLIMATE ANOMALIES; SOUTH-AMERICA; SNOW COVER AB The severe drought that emerged in summer 2009 and persisted in the subsequent fall and winter in southwest China caused a significant shortage of drinking and drainage water. Precipitation during the drought is much less than normal, and the meteorological drought extent exceeds the climatic mean in almost all the days during the period. The warmer-than-normal surface temperature facilitates the hydrological and agricultural drought through enhancing surface evaporation. The less-than-normal water vapor in the atmosphere and warmer-than-normal air temperature both contribute to the lower-than-normal relative humidity and thus the less-than-normal precipitation. The water vapor transport during the drought has no significant change in track but is much weaker in strength across the southwest. The weaker-than-normal water vapor transport and convergence in the fall and winter make it hard for the air to form heavy rains. The warmer-than-normal temperature corresponds to positive anomalies of geopotential thickness, with negative anomalies of geopotential height at lower levels but strong positive anomalies at middle and upper levels. The warmer-than-normal air temperature is important to the maintenance of the drought at this time of the year under the dry atmospheric condition. The persistent warm temperature makes it hard for the air to become saturated and thus hard for even light rains, which are efficient in mitigating drought, to form. The inherent mechanism in the atmosphere, namely, the positive feedback between less precipitation and warm temperature, helps maintain the drought. C1 [Lu, Er; Luo, Yali; Zhang, Renhe; Wu, Qiuxia; Liu, Liping] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Lu, Er] NOAA Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Lu, E (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, 46 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM er.lu@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation of China [40921003]; Chinese State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather FX This study was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (grant 40921003) and the Chinese State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather. The three anonymous reviewers are thanked for their constructive comments that improved the manuscript. Thanks from the lead author (E.L.) are also extended to Zhaoyong Guan, Zhihong Jiang, and Haishan Chen at the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology and Bing Zhou at the Beijing Climate Center for thoughtful discussions. NR 45 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 12 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D21114 DI 10.1029/2011JD015706 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 848KZ UT WOS:000297051800001 ER PT J AU Akmaev, RA AF Akmaev, R. A. TI WHOLE ATMOSPHERE MODELING: CONNECTING TERRESTRIAL AND SPACE WEATHER SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID MIDNIGHT TEMPERATURE MAXIMUM; DOPPLER-SPREAD PARAMETERIZATION; EQUATORIAL F-REGION; GRAVITY-WAVE-DRAG; SHALLOW ROTATING ATMOSPHERE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ZONAL-MEAN CLIMATOLOGY; LARGE-SCALE DYNAMICS; LATENT-HEAT RELEASE; MIDDLE-ATMOSPHERE AB At the turn of the century R. G. Roble advanced an ambitious program of developing an atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) extending from the surface to the exosphere. He outlined several areas of research and application to potentially benefit from what is now commonly called whole atmosphere modeling. The purpose of this article is to introduce this new field to a broader geophysical community and document its progress over the last decade. Vertically extended models are commonly built from existing weather and climate GCM codes incorporating a number of approximations, which may no longer be valid. Promising directions of further model development, potential applications, and challenges are outlined. One application is space weather or day-to-day and seasonal variability in the ionosphere and thermosphere driven by meteorological processes from below. Various modes of connection between the lower and upper atmosphere had been known before, but new and sometimes unexpected observational evidence has emerged over the last decade. Persistent "nonmigrating" wavy structures in plasma and neutral densities and a dramatic response of the equatorial ionosphere to sudden warmings in the polar winter stratosphere are just two examples. Because large-scale meteorological processes are predictable several days in advance, whole atmosphere weather prediction models open an opportunity for developing a real forecast capability for space weather. C1 NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Akmaev, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, W-NP9,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rashid.akmaev@noaa.gov FU NASA; Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative of U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX I benefited from discussions and communications with T. Fuller-Rowell, N. Maruyama, M. Iredell, H. Juang, and J. Meriwether. I would also like to thank J. Chau, L. Goncharenko, T. Immel, H. Jin, H. Liu, H.-L. Liu, Y. Miyoshi, and J. Oberheide for permission to use their figures and for providing them in digital format. Stimulating comments and helpful suggestions by two anonymous reviewers are also appreciated. The development of WAM has been supported by the NASA Heliophysics Theory and Living With a Star programs, as well as the Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative program of the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 215 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 EI 1944-9208 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD NOV 12 PY 2011 VL 49 AR RG4004 DI 10.1029/2011RG000364 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 848JH UT WOS:000297047300001 ER PT J AU Lowman, DW West, LJ Bearden, DW Wempe, MF Power, TD Ensley, HE Haynes, K Williams, DL Kruppa, MD AF Lowman, Douglas W. West, Lara J. Bearden, Daniel W. Wempe, Michael F. Power, Trevor D. Ensley, Harry E. Haynes, Ken Williams, David L. Kruppa, Michael D. TI New Insights into the Structure of (1 -> 3,1 -> 6)-beta-D-Glucan Side Chains in the Candida glabrata Cell Wall SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; SENSITIVITY IMPROVEMENT; CROSS-LINKING; GLUCANS; (1->3)-BETA-D-GLUCAN; CHITIN AB beta-glucan is a (1 -> 3)-beta-linked glucose polymer with (1 -> 6)-beta-linked side chains and a major component of fungal cell walls. beta-glucans provide structural integrity to the fungal cell wall. The nature of the (1-6)-beta-linked side chain structure of fungal (1 -> 3,1 -> 6)-beta-D-glucans has been very difficult to elucidate. Herein, we report the first detailed structural characterization of the (1 -> 6)-beta-linked side chains of Candida glabrata using high-field NMR. The (1 -> 6)-beta-linked side chains have an average length of 4 to 5 repeat units spaced every 21 repeat units along the (1 -> 3)-linked polymer backbone. Computer modeling suggests that the side chains have a bent curve structure that allows for a flexible interconnection with parallel (1 -> 3)-beta-D-glucan polymers, and/or as a point of attachment for proteins. Based on these observations we propose new approaches to how (1 -> 6)-beta-linked side chains interconnect with neighboring glucan polymers in a manner that maximizes fungal cell wall strength, while also allowing for flexibility, or plasticity. C1 [Lowman, Douglas W.; Williams, David L.] E Tennessee State Univ, Quillen Coll Med, Dept Surg, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. [Lowman, Douglas W.] AppRidge Int LLC, Jonesborough, TN USA. [West, Lara J.; Haynes, Ken] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Med, London, England. [Bearden, Daniel W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Charleston, SC USA. [Wempe, Michael F.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Pharm, Denver, CO 80262 USA. [Power, Trevor D.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Sealy Ctr Struct Biol & Mol Biophys, Galveston, TX USA. [Ensley, Harry E.] Tulane Univ, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Kruppa, Michael D.] E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Quillen Coll Med, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. RP Lowman, DW (reprint author), E Tennessee State Univ, Quillen Coll Med, Dept Surg, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. EM KRUPPA@mail.etsu.edu RI Kruppa, Michael/B-6052-2009 OI Kruppa, Michael/0000-0002-1747-2333 FU National Institutes of Health [R01 GM53552, R01 GM83016]; Hollings Marine Laboratory NMR Facility FX This work was supported, in part, by National Institutes of Health grants R01 GM53552 and R01 GM83016. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Also, AppRidge International, LLC, did have a role in the data analysis and preparation of the manuscript.; We acknowledge the support of the Hollings Marine Laboratory NMR Facility for this work. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 10 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 11 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 11 AR e27614 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0027614 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 855HG UT WOS:000297553900063 PM 22096604 ER PT J AU Ramazanoglu, M Laver, M Ratcliff, W Watson, SM Chen, WC Jackson, A Kothapalli, K Lee, S Cheong, SW Kiryukhin, V AF Ramazanoglu, M. Laver, M. Ratcliff, W., II Watson, S. M. Chen, W. C. Jackson, A. Kothapalli, K. Lee, Seongsu Cheong, S. -W. Kiryukhin, V. TI Local Weak Ferromagnetism in Single-Crystalline Ferroelectric BiFeO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM HETEROSTRUCTURES; MULTIFERROIC BIFEO3; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; BISMUTH FERRITE AB Polarized small-angle neutron scattering studies of single-crystalline multiferroic BiFeO3 reveal a long-wavelength spin density wave generated by similar to 1 degrees spin canting of the spins out of the rotation plane of the antiferromagnetic cycloidal order. This signifies weak ferromagnetism within mesoscopic regions of dimension 0.03 microns along [1 (1) over bar0], to several microns along [111], confirming a long-standing theoretical prediction. The average local magnetization is 0.06 mu(B)/Fe. Our results provide an indication of the intrinsic macroscopic magnetization to be expected in ferroelectric BiFeO3 thin films under strain, where the magnetic cycloid is suppressed. C1 [Ramazanoglu, M.; Cheong, S. -W.; Kiryukhin, V.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Laver, M.] Tech Univ Denmark, Riso DTU, Mat Res Div, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Laver, M.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Nano Sci Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Laver, M.; Chen, W. C.; Jackson, A.; Kothapalli, K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ratcliff, W., II; Watson, S. M.; Chen, W. C.; Jackson, A.; Kothapalli, K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Seongsu] Korea Atom Res Inst, Div Neutron Sci, Taejon 305353, South Korea. RP Ramazanoglu, M (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 849, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008 OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336 FU DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46382]; NSF [DMR-1004568, DMR-0454672]; DanScatt FX This work was supported by DOE DE-FG02-07ER46382 (V. K. and S. W. C.), and by the NSF under Grant No. DMR-1004568 (M. R.). It utilized facilities supported in part by NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. M. L. acknowledges support from DanScatt. NR 26 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 10 U2 57 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 11 PY 2011 VL 107 IS 20 AR 207206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.207206 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 849OA UT WOS:000297133700012 PM 22181767 ER PT J AU von Stecher, J AF von Stecher, Javier TI Five- and Six-Body Resonances Tied to an Efimov Trimer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LARGE SCATTERING LENGTH; STATES; UNIVERSALITY; SYSTEM; ATOMS AB We explore the properties of weakly bound bosonic states in the strongly interacting regime. Combining a correlated-Gaussian basis set expansion with a complex-scaling method, we extract the energies and structural properties of bosonic cluster states with N <= 6 for different two-body potentials. The identification of five- and six-body resonances attached to the first-excited-Efimov trimer provides strong support to the premise of Efimov universality in bosonic systems. Our study also reveals a rich structure of bosonic cluster states. Besides the lowest cluster states that behave as bosonic droplets, we identify cluster states weakly bound to one or two atoms forming effective cluster-atom dimers and cluster-atom-atom "trimers." The experimental signatures of these cluster states are discussed. C1 [von Stecher, Javier] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [von Stecher, Javier] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP von Stecher, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU NSF FX Enlightening discussions with N. Baas, M. Berninger, D. Blume, J. P. D'Incao, F. Ferlaino, C. H. Greene, and D. A. Huse are acknowledged. This work was initiated at the INT-10-46W workshop and partially supported by NSF. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 11 PY 2011 VL 107 IS 20 AR 200402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.200402 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 849OA UT WOS:000297133700001 PM 22181716 ER PT J AU Edson, JB Fairall, CW Bariteau, L Zappa, CJ Cifuentes-Lorenzen, A McGillis, WR Pezoa, S Hare, JE Helmig, D AF Edson, J. B. Fairall, C. W. Bariteau, L. Zappa, C. J. Cifuentes-Lorenzen, A. McGillis, W. R. Pezoa, S. Hare, J. E. Helmig, D. TI Direct covariance measurement of CO2 gas transfer velocity during the 2008 Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment: Wind speed dependency SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID AIR-SEA INTERFACE; EDDY COVARIANCE; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; OZONE DEPOSITION; TURBULENT FLUXES; COOL-SKIN; WATER; DIMETHYLSULFIDE; ENHANCEMENT AB Direct measurements of air-sea heat, momentum, and mass (including CO2, DMS, and water vapor) fluxes using the direct covariance method were made over the open ocean from the NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown during the Southern Ocean Gas Exchange (SO GasEx) program. Observations of fluxes and the physical processes associated with driving air-sea exchange are key components of SO GasEx. This paper focuses on the exchange of CO2 and the wind speed dependency of the transfer velocity, k, used to model the CO2 flux between the atmosphere and ocean. A quadratic dependence of k on wind speed based on dual tracer experiments is most frequently encountered in the literature. However, in recent years, bubble-mediated enhancement of k, which exhibits a cubic relationship with wind speed, has emerged as a key issue for flux parameterization in high-wind regions. Therefore, a major question addressed in SO GasEx is whether the transfer velocities obey a quadratic or cubic relationship with wind speed. After significant correction to the flux estimates (primarily due to moisture contamination), the direct covariance CO2 fluxes confirm a significant enhancement of the transfer velocity at high winds compared with previous quadratic formulations. Regression analysis suggests that a cubic relationship provides a more accurate parameterization over a wind speed range of 0 to 18 m s(-1). The Southern Ocean results are in good agreement with the 1998 GasEx experiment in the North Atlantic and a recent separate field program in the North Sea. C1 [Edson, J. B.; Cifuentes-Lorenzen, A.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Bariteau, L.; Hare, J. E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fairall, C. W.; Pezoa, S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Helmig, D.] Univ Colorado, Inst Alpine & Arctic Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zappa, C. J.; McGillis, W. R.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Edson, JB (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM james.edson@uconn.edu FU National Science Foundation [0647475]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA07OAR4310084]; NOAA Office of Climate Observations FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant 0647475, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under grant NA07OAR4310084, and the NOAA Office of Climate Observations. NR 59 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 11 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C00F10 DI 10.1029/2011JC007022 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 848RU UT WOS:000297072400002 ER PT J AU Matsuo, T Araujo-Pradere, EA AF Matsuo, Tomoko Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo A. TI Role of thermosphere-ionosphere coupling in a global ionospheric specification SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; DATA ASSIMILATION; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; KALMAN FILTER AB In this paper we present our recent research development in the area of ionospheric specification by means of data assimilation of ground-based observations. NOAA's Total Electron Content specification methodology (namely, a Gauss-Markov Kalman filter with an empirical model of the ionosphere as a background model) over the continental United States has lately been expanded to the multiregional domains and to the entire globe. Analyses of the global TEC maps reveal clear signatures of thermosphere-ionosphere coupling, in both dynamical and compositional nature, even though the underlying specification methodology does not take thermospheric effects into account. This suggests that ground-based observations of electron density contain some information about the state of the thermosphere. By using a thermosphere ionosphere general circulation model in a prototype Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), we examine the role of thermosphere-ionosphere coupling in a global ionospheric specification. Observing system simulation experiments, designed for a global network of ionosondes, suggest that ionospheric data assimilation considerably benefits from self-consistent treatment of thermosphere-ionosphere coupling in a forecast model as well as in assimilation schemes, both of which can be achieved inherently by using the EnKF. C1 [Matsuo, Tomoko; Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Matsuo, Tomoko; Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Matsuo, T (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tomoko.matsuo@colorado.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative [FA9550-07-1-0565] FX We thank the reviewers for their very helpful comments. We thank Timothy J. Fuller-Rowell for valuable discussion on the thermosphere-ionosphere dynamics. Tomoko Matsuo greatly appreciates Jeffrey L. Anderson, Timothly Hoar, and Nancy Collins at the NCAR Institute for Mathematics Applied for Geosciences for their kind help with facilitating the use of DART, and TIEGCM community model developers at the NCAR High Altitude Observatory for making the model available. Tomoko Matsuo is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative award FA9550-07-1-0565. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD NOV 11 PY 2011 VL 46 AR RS0D23 DI 10.1029/2010RS004576 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 848HU UT WOS:000297043300001 ER PT J AU Wagner, R Moon, R Pratt, J Shaw, G Raman, A AF Wagner, Ryan Moon, Robert Pratt, Jon Shaw, Gordon Raman, Arvind TI Uncertainty quantification in nanomechanical measurements using the atomic force microscope SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC PROPERTIES; SHEAR MODULUS; CALIBRATION; NANOCOMPOSITES; CANTILEVERS; RATIO AB Quantifying uncertainty in measured properties of nanomaterials is a prerequisite for the manufacture of reliable nanoengineered materials and products. Yet, rigorous uncertainty quantification (UQ) is rarely applied for material property measurements with the atomic force microscope (AFM), a widely used instrument that can measure properties at nanometer scale resolution of both inorganic and biological surfaces and nanomaterials. We present a framework to ascribe uncertainty to local nanomechanical properties of any nanoparticle or surface measured with the AFM by taking into account the main uncertainty sources inherent in such measurements. We demonstrate the framework by quantifying uncertainty in AFM-based measurements of the transverse elastic modulus of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), an abundant, plant-derived nanomaterial whose mechanical properties are comparable to Kevlar fibers. For a single, isolated CNC the transverse elastic modulus was found to have a mean of 8.1 GPa and a 95% confidence interval of 2.7-20 GPa. A key result is that multiple replicates of force-distance curves do not sample the important sources of uncertainty, which are systematic in nature. The dominant source of uncertainty is the nondimensional photodiode sensitivity calibration rather than the cantilever stiffness or Z-piezo calibrations. The results underscore the great need for, and open a path towards, quantifying and minimizing uncertainty in AFM-based material property measurements of nanoparticles, nanostructured surfaces, thin films, polymers and biomaterials. C1 [Wagner, Ryan; Raman, Arvind] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Wagner, Ryan; Moon, Robert; Raman, Arvind] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Moon, Robert] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Moon, Robert] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Pratt, Jon; Shaw, Gordon] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wagner, R (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. FU Forest Products Laboratory under USDA; Purdue University FX The authors are grateful to financial support for this research provided by the Forest Products Laboratory under USDA grant: 'Research on Nanotechnology Related to Wood and Wood-based Materials' and Purdue University under Discovery Park Seed Grant: 'Cellulose Nanocrystal Technology: Surface Functionalization and Composite Applications'. The authors also thank Drs D C Hurley and J Kramar of NIST for their illuminating comments on the manuscript, Professor R Reifenberger (Physics, Purdue) for his valuable guidance on experimental aspects of AFM measurements and Dr C Weder of the Universite de Fribourg for providing the tunicate CNC samples. NR 36 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 41 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD NOV 11 PY 2011 VL 22 IS 45 AR 455703 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/22/45/455703 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 844MC UT WOS:000296750300013 PM 21992899 ER PT J AU Mildner, DFR AF Mildner, D. F. R. TI Modeling the transmission of curved neutron guides with non-perfect reflectivity SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Curved guide analysis; Neutron transmission; Non-perfect reflectivity; Number of reflections; Reflection coefficient AB Analytic expressions for the transmission of a curved neutron guide including reflection losses are contrasted. The expressions are derived by considering the distribution of the number of reflections as a function of grazing angle at the outer surface. The results of different analytic expressions are compared with simulation results to find the model that best fits the simulations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mildner, DFR (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.mildner@nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2011 VL 656 IS 1 BP 96 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2011.07.046 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 836RP UT WOS:000296129100013 ER PT J AU Mathur, S Hekker, S Trampedach, R Ballot, J Kallinger, T Buzasi, D Garcia, RA Huber, D Jimenez, A Mosser, B Bedding, TR Elsworth, Y Regulo, C Stello, D Chaplin, WJ De Ridder, J Hale, SJ Kinemuchi, K Kjeldsen, H Mullally, F Thompson, SE AF Mathur, S. Hekker, S. Trampedach, R. Ballot, J. Kallinger, T. Buzasi, D. Garcia, R. A. Huber, D. Jimenez, A. Mosser, B. Bedding, T. R. Elsworth, Y. Regulo, C. Stello, D. Chaplin, W. J. De Ridder, J. Hale, S. J. Kinemuchi, K. Kjeldsen, H. Mullally, F. Thompson, S. E. TI GRANULATION IN RED GIANTS: OBSERVATIONS BY THE KEPLER MISSION AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL CONVECTION SIMULATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods: data analysis; stars: late-type ID SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS; SPECTRAL-LINE FORMATION; EQUATION-OF-STATE; 1ST 4 MONTHS; SURFACE CONVECTION; HYDRODYNAMICAL SIMULATIONS; STELLAR MICROVARIABILITY; DYNAMICAL ATMOSPHERE; TURBULENT CONVECTION; STARS AB The granulation pattern that we observe on the surface of the Sun is due to hot plasma rising to the photosphere where it cools down and descends back into the interior at the edges of granules. This is the visible manifestation of convection taking place in the outer part of the solar convection zone. Because red giants have deeper convection zones than the Sun, we cannot a priori assume that their granulation is a scaled version of solar granulation. Until now, neither observations nor one-dimensional analytical convection models could put constraints on granulation in red giants. With asteroseismology, this study can now be performed. We analyze similar to 1000 red giants that have been observed by Kepler during 13 months. We fit the power spectra with Harvey-like profiles to retrieve the characteristics of the granulation (timescale tau(gran) and power P(gran)). We search for a correlation between these parameters and the global acoustic-mode parameter (the position of maximum power, v(max)) as well as with stellar parameters (mass, radius, surface gravity (log g), and effective temperature (T(eff))). We show that tau(eff) alpha v(max)(-0.89) and P(gran) alpha v(max)(-1.90) which is consistent with the theoretical predictions. We find that the granulation timescales of stars that belong to the red clump have similar values while the timescales of stars in the red giant branch are spread in a wider range. Finally, we show that realistic three-dimensional simulations of the surface convection in stars, spanning the (T(eff), log g) range of our sample of red giants, match the Kepler observations well in terms of trends. C1 [Mathur, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Hekker, S.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Hekker, S.; Elsworth, Y.; Chaplin, W. J.; Hale, S. J.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Trampedach, R.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Trampedach, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ballot, J.] CNRS, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Ballot, J.] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Kallinger, T.] Univ Vienna, IfA, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Kallinger, T.; De Ridder, J.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Sterrenkunde, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Buzasi, D.] Eureka Sci, Oakland, CA 94602 USA. [Garcia, R. A.] CEA DSM CNRS Univ Paris Diderot IRFU SAp, Lab AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Huber, D.; Bedding, T. R.; Stello, D.] Univ Sydney, Sydney Inst Astron, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Jimenez, A.; Regulo, C.] Univ La Laguna, Dpto Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain. [Jimenez, A.; Regulo, C.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38205, Spain. [Mosser, B.] Univ Paris 07, Univ Paris 06, LESIA, UMR8109, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Kinemuchi, K.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Kjeldsen, H.] Univ Aarhus, Dept Phys & Astron, Danish AsteroSeismol Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Mullally, F.; Thompson, S. E.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Mathur, S (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RI Ballot, Jerome/G-1019-2010; Hale, Steven/E-3472-2015; OI Hale, Steven/0000-0002-6402-8382; Kallinger, Thomas/0000-0003-3627-2561; Bedding, Timothy/0000-0001-5943-1460; Bedding, Tim/0000-0001-5222-4661; Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-8854-3776 FU NASAs Science Mission Directorate; National Science Foundation; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO); Spanish National Research Plan [AYA2010-17803]; NASA [NNX08AI57G] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Kepler Science Team and all those who have contributed to making the Kepler mission possible. Funding for the Kepler Discovery mission is provided by NASAs Science Mission Directorate. NCAR is supported by the National Science Foundation. S.H. acknowledges financial support from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). This research was supported by grant AYA2010-17803 from the Spanish National Research Plan. R.T. was supported by NASA grant NNX08AI57G. NR 77 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2011 VL 741 IS 2 AR 119 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/119 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 844TT UT WOS:000296771500052 ER PT J AU Johnson, DS Hoeting, JA AF Johnson, Devin S. Hoeting, Jennifer A. TI Bayesian Multimodel Inference for Geostatistical Regression Models SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; UNCERTAINTY AB The problem of simultaneous covariate selection and parameter inference for spatial regression models is considered. Previous research has shown that failure to take spatial correlation into account can influence the outcome of standard model selection methods. A Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is investigated for the calculation of parameter estimates and posterior model probabilities for spatial regression models. The method can accommodate normal and non-normal response data and a large number of covariates. Thus the method is very flexible and can be used to fit spatial linear models, spatial linear mixed models, and spatial generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs). The Bayesian MCMC method also allows a priori unequal weighting of covariates, which is not possible with many model selection methods such as Akaike's information criterion (AIC). The proposed method is demonstrated on two data sets. The first is the whiptail lizard data set which has been previously analyzed by other researchers investigating model selection methods. Our results confirmed the previous analysis suggesting that sandy soil and ant abundance were strongly associated with lizard abundance. The second data set concerned pollution tolerant fish abundance in relation to several environmental factors. Results indicate that abundance is positively related to Strahler stream order and a habitat quality index. Abundance is negatively related to percent watershed disturbance. C1 [Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hoeting, Jennifer A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Johnson, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM devin.johnson@noaa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [CR-829095]; NSF [EF-0914489] FX This work was partially funded by STAR Research Assistance Agreement CR-829095 awarded to Colorado State University by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. The views expressed here are solely those of authors mentioned here. The research was partially completed while Johnson was at the Department of Mathematical Sciences and Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Hoeting's work was also supported by NSF Grant EF-0914489. The funders had no role in the analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Data were previously collected as part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's EMAP water quality monitoring program conducted prior to the funding of this study. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 10 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 11 AR e25677 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0025677 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 852HQ UT WOS:000297348800003 PM 22102854 ER PT J AU Kirkali, G Keles, D Canda, AE Terzi, C Reddy, PT Jaruga, P Dizdaroglu, M Oktay, G AF Kirkali, Guldal Keles, Didem Canda, Aras E. Terzi, Cem Reddy, Prasad T. Jaruga, Pawel Dizdaroglu, Miral Oktay, Gulgun TI Evidence for upregulated repair of oxidatively induced DNA damage in human colorectal cancer SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Article DE Colorectal cancer; DNA repair; DNA lesions; Hydroxyl radical; Oxidatively induced DNA damage; Free radicals ID NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; LUNG-CANCER; HUMAN-CELLS; HUMAN BREAST; NEIL1 DNA; CARCINOMA PATIENTS; METASTATIC STATE; BASE DAMAGE; HOGG1 GENE; RISK AB Carcinogenesis may involve overproduction of oxygen-derived species including free radicals, which are capable of damaging DNA and other biomolecules in vivo. Increased DNA damage contributes to genetic instability and promote the development of malignancy. We hypothesized that the repair of oxidatively induced DNA base damage may be modulated in colorectal malignant tumors, resulting in lower levels of DNA base lesions than in surrounding pathologically normal tissues. To test this hypothesis, we investigated oxidatively induced DNA damage in cancerous tissues and their surrounding normal tissues of patients with colorectal cancer. The levels of oxidatively induced DNA lesions such as 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine, 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine, 8-hydroxyguanine and (5'S)-8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine were measured by gas chromatography/isotope-dilution mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry. We found that the levels of these DNA lesions were significantly lower in cancerous colorectal tissues than those in surrounding non-cancerous tissues. In addition, the level of DNA lesions varied between colon and rectum tissues, being lower in the former than in the latter. The results strongly suggest upregulation of DNA repair in malignant colorectal tumors that may contribute to the resistance to therapeutic agents affecting the disease outcome and patient survival. The type of DNA base lesions identified in this work suggests the upregulation of both base excision and nucleotide excision pathways. Development of DNA repair inhibitors targeting both repair pathways may be considered for selective killing of malignant tumors in colorectal cancer. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kirkali, Guldal; Keles, Didem; Canda, Aras E.; Terzi, Cem; Oktay, Gulgun] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, TR-35340 Izmir, Turkey. [Kirkali, Guldal; Keles, Didem; Canda, Aras E.; Terzi, Cem; Oktay, Gulgun] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Sch Med, Dept Gen Surg, TR-35340 Izmir, Turkey. [Reddy, Prasad T.; Jaruga, Pawel; Dizdaroglu, Miral] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kirkali, G (reprint author), Dokuz Eylul Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, TR-35340 Izmir, Turkey. EM gkirkali@gmail.com RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015; KELES, DIDEM/F-1643-2016 FU Dokuz Eylul University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit [2005.KB.SAG.020] FX This research was supported in part by a grant (no. 2005.KB.SAG.020) from Dokuz Eylul University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit. NR 79 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD NOV 10 PY 2011 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1114 EP 1120 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2011.08.008 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 850IX UT WOS:000297189400006 PM 21924963 ER PT J AU Burls, NJ Reason, CJC Penven, P Philander, SG AF Burls, N. J. Reason, C. J. C. Penven, P. Philander, S. G. TI Similarities between the tropical Atlantic seasonal cycle and ENSO: An energetics perspective SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; AVAILABLE POTENTIAL-ENERGY; LAYER HEAT-BUDGET; EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ATMOSPHERE OCEAN MODEL; VARYING TRADE WINDS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EL-NINO; PART I; COLD-TONGUE AB The tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans have similar mean states - easterly winds and a zonally sloping thermocline which shoals in the east - but strikingly different sea surface temperature variability. Seasonal and interannual variations have comparable amplitudes, and correspond to different modes of oscillation in the Pacific. In the Atlantic, the seasonal cycle is dominant and has properties of both those modes. The Bjerknes feedback between the wind and SST, and its associated delayed, negative feedback constitute a free (interannual) mode of the Pacific, but in the Atlantic influence the seasonal cycle. This difference between the two oceans is attributable to the smaller dimensions of the Atlantic. An energetic analysis shows a circular relationship between available potential energy and the work done by the wind from April until September in the Atlantic. This energetics perspective suggests that a seasonally excited thermocline mode of coupled variability plays an active role in the seasonal cycle during these months, after which point seasonal forcing regains control. C1 [Burls, N. J.; Reason, C. J. C.; Penven, P.; Philander, S. G.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [Penven, P.] LMI ICEMASA, UBO, IRD, CNRS,UMR 6523,LPO,IFREMER,Ctr IRD Bretagne, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Philander, S. G.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Burls, NJ (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, Private Bag X3, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. EM natalie.burls@uct.ac.za RI Penven, Pierrick/A-6665-2008 OI Penven, Pierrick/0000-0001-6456-3142 FU NRF; SANAP; NRF/CNRS; Centre for High Performance Computing; Office at the University of Cape Town FX This work emanates from the first author's PhD research and has been supported by resources and funding from the NRF, SANAP, the NRF/CNRS/French Embassy Doctoral Support Programme, the Centre for High Performance Computing and the Postgraduate Funding Office at the University of Cape Town, all of which are gratefully acknowledged. The first author would like to thank and acknowledge her Ph.D. examiners, as well as the reviewers of this paper, for their constructive feedback. We would like to thank the TAO Project Office of NOAA/PMEL for providing the PIRATA data used in this study http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/ as well as note that the SODA data of Carton and Giese [2008] was downloaded from http://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/SOURCES/.CARTON-GIESE/.SODA/.v2p0p2-3/and the surface current climatology product of Lumpkin and Garraffo [2005] is available at http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/dac/drifter_climatology.html. NR 78 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 10 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C11010 DI 10.1029/2011JC007164 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 848RS UT WOS:000297072100001 ER PT J AU Giri, J Li, WJ Tuan, RS Cicerone, MT AF Giri, Jyotsnendu Li, Wan-Ju Tuan, Rocky S. Cicerone, Marcus T. TI Stabilization of Proteins by Nanoencapsulation in Sugar-Glass for Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Applications SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR DELIVERY; AOT REVERSE MICELLES; BIODEGRADABLE MICROSPHERES; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); CONTROLLED-RELEASE; PLGA MICROSPHERES; ENCAPSULATION; STABILITY; SYSTEMS; ASSAY AB A novel sugar-glass-nanoparticle (SGnP) system is developed to stabilize biomolecules for incorporation and delivery from a drug delivery system. It yields excellent protection from process-related stresses with little or no degradation, very good encapsulation efficiency, and storage stability, as well as giving burst-free sustained release for essentially any protein and polymer system of interest. C1 [Giri, Jyotsnendu; Cicerone, Marcus T.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Giri, Jyotsnendu; Tuan, Rocky S.] Natl Inst Arthrit & Musculoskeletal & Skin Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Li, Wan-Ju] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Li, Wan-Ju] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Biomed Engn, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Tuan, Rocky S.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Ctr Cellular & Mol Engn, Dept Orthoped Surg, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. RP Cicerone, MT (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cicerone@nist.gov FU NIH/NIBIB [R01 EB006398-01A1]; National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences in the Joint NIH/NIST FX The authors acknowledge funding from NIH/NIBIB under grant R01 EB006398-01A1. J.G. acknowledges postdoctoral fellowship support from the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences in the Joint NIH/NIST Postdoctoral Programs. The authors gratefully acknowledge assistance from Steve Hudson (NIST) for TEM imaging. This article, a contribution of NIST, is not subject to US copyright. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 32 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD NOV 9 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 42 BP 4861 EP 4867 DI 10.1002/adma.201102267 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 848HH UT WOS:000297042000004 PM 21953536 ER PT J AU Weber, F Rosenkranz, S Castellan, JP Osborn, R Zheng, H Mitchell, JF Chen, Y Chi, SX Lynn, JW Reznik, D AF Weber, F. Rosenkranz, S. Castellan, J. -P. Osborn, R. Zheng, H. Mitchell, J. F. Chen, Y. Chi, Songxue Lynn, J. W. Reznik, D. TI Response of Acoustic Phonons to Charge and Orbital Order in the 50% Doped Bilayer Manganite LaSr2Mn2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE; DENSITY WAVES; LA1.2SR1.8MN2O7; LA1-XSRXMNO3; FLUCTUATIONS; SPIN AB We report an inelastic neutron scattering study of acoustic phonons in the charge and orbitally ordered bilayer manganite LaSr2Mn2O7. For excitation energies less than 15 meV, we observe an abrupt increase (decrease) of the phonon energies (linewidths) of a transverse acoustic phonon branch at q = (h, h, 0), h <= 0.3, upon entering the low temperature charge and orbital ordered state (T-COO = 225 K). This indicates a reduced electron-phonon coupling due to a decrease of electronic states at the Fermi level leading to a partial removal of the Fermi surface below TCOO and provides direct experimental evidence for a link between electron-phonon coupling and charge order in manganites. C1 [Weber, F.; Rosenkranz, S.; Castellan, J. -P.; Osborn, R.; Zheng, H.; Mitchell, J. F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Weber, F.; Reznik, D.] Karlsruher Inst Technol, Inst Festkorperphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Chen, Y.; Chi, Songxue; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Y.; Chi, Songxue] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Reznik, D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Weber, F (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM frank.weber@kit.edu RI Rosenkranz, Stephan/E-4672-2011; Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013 OI Rosenkranz, Stephan/0000-0002-5659-0383; Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Work at Argonne was supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 9 PY 2011 VL 107 IS 20 AR 207202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.207202 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 849ND UT WOS:000297131300004 PM 22181763 ER PT J AU Williams, R Krkosek, M Ashe, E Branch, TA Clark, S Hammond, PS Hoyt, E Noren, DP Rosen, D Winship, A AF Williams, Rob Krkosek, Martin Ashe, Erin Branch, Trevor A. Clark, Steve Hammond, Philip S. Hoyt, Erich Noren, Dawn P. Rosen, David Winship, Arliss TI Competing Conservation Objectives for Predators and Prey: Estimating Killer Whale Prey Requirements for Chinook Salmon SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; MEDIATED INDIRECT INTERACTIONS; ORCINUS-ORCA; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PACIFIC SALMON; ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; ABUNDANCE; SEA; POPULATIONS AB Ecosystem-based management (EBM) of marine resources attempts to conserve interacting species. In contrast to single-species fisheries management, EBM aims to identify and resolve conflicting objectives for different species. Such a conflict may be emerging in the northeastern Pacific for southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) and their primary prey, Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Both species have at-risk conservation status and transboundary (Canada-US) ranges. We modeled individual killer whale prey requirements from feeding and growth records of captive killer whales and morphometric data from historic live-capture fishery and whaling records worldwide. The models, combined with caloric value of salmon, and demographic and diet data for wild killer whales, allow us to predict salmon quantities needed to maintain and recover this killer whale population, which numbered 87 individuals in 2009. Our analyses provide new information on cost of lactation and new parameter estimates for other killer whale populations globally. Prey requirements of southern resident killer whales are difficult to reconcile with fisheries and conservation objectives for Chinook salmon, because the number of fish required is large relative to annual returns and fishery catches. For instance, a U. S. recovery goal (2.3% annual population growth of killer whales over 28 years) implies a 75% increase in energetic requirements. Reducing salmon fisheries may serve as a temporary mitigation measure to allow time for management actions to improve salmon productivity to take effect. As ecosystem-based fishery management becomes more prevalent, trade-offs between conservation objectives for predators and prey will become increasingly necessary. Our approach offers scenarios to compare relative influence of various sources of uncertainty on the resulting consumption estimates to prioritise future research efforts, and a general approach for assessing the extent of conflict between conservation objectives for threatened or protected wildlife where the interaction between affected species can be quantified. C1 [Williams, Rob; Hammond, Philip S.] Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. [Rosen, David] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Marine Mammal Res Unit, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Krkosek, Martin] Univ Otago, Dept Zool, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Ashe, Erin] Oceans Initiat, Pearse Isl, BC, Canada. [Branch, Trevor A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Clark, Steve] SeaWorld, Orlando, FL USA. [Hoyt, Erich] Whale & Dolphin Conservat Soc, North Berwick, Scotland. [Noren, Dawn P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal & Seabird Program, Seattle, WA USA. [Winship, Arliss] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Life Sci Ctr, Halifax, NS, Canada. RP Williams, R (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. EM rmcw@st-andrews.ac.uk RI Branch, Trevor/A-5691-2009; OI Williams, Rob/0000-0001-7496-453X FU University of Washington; Russell Family Foundation; British Columbia Marine Planning Fund; SeaWorld-Busch Gardens Conservation Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX Funding was provided by the Canada-United States Fulbright program (RW) at University of Washington, The Russell Family Foundation, the British Columbia Marine Planning Fund and SeaWorld-Busch Gardens Conservation Fund, and a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Post Doctoral Fellowship (MK). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 72 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 9 U2 57 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 9 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 11 AR e26738 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0026738 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 852II UT WOS:000297350800012 PM 22096495 ER PT J AU Xie, PP Xiong, AY AF Xie, Pingping Xiong, An-Yuan TI A conceptual model for constructing high-resolution gauge-satellite merged precipitation analyses SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; RADAR RAINFALL DATA; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; CLIMATOLOGY PROJECT; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; UNITED-STATES; ERROR; BIAS; ALGORITHM AB [1] A conceptual model has been developed to create high-resolution precipitation analyses over land by merging gauge-based analysis and CMORPH satellite estimates using data over China for a 5 month period from April to September 2007. A two-step strategy is adopted to remove the bias inherent in the CMORPH satellite precipitation estimates and to combine the bias-corrected satellite estimates with the gauge analysis. First, bias correction is performed for the CMORPH estimates by matching the probability density function (PDF) of the satellite data with that of the gauge analysis using colocated data pairs over a spatial domain of 5 lat/lon centering at the target grid box and over a time period of 30 days, ending at the target date. The spatial domain is expanded wherever necessary over gauge-sparse regions to ensure the collection of a sufficient number of gauge-satellite data pairs. The bias-corrected CMORPH precipitation estimates are then combined with the gauge analysis through the optimal interpolation (OI) technique, in which the bias-corrected CMORPH is used as the first guess while the gauge data are used as the observations to modify the first guess over regions with station coverage. Error statistics are computed for the input gauge and satellite data to maximize the performance of the high-resolution merged analysis of daily precipitation. Cross-validation tests and comparisons against independent gauge observations demonstrate feasibility and effectiveness of the conceptual algorithm in constructing merged precipitation analysis with substantially removed bias and significantly improved pattern agreements compared with those of the input gauge and satellite data. C1 [Xie, Pingping] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Xiong, An-Yuan] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Informat Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Xie, PP (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Ste 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM pingping.xie@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Climate Prediction Center (CPC); NOAA/Climate Program Office (CPO); NOAA/National Climatic Data Center (NCDC); NOAA/USWRP Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) as part of NOAA; GEWEX Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP); Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB951600] FX This work was performed as part of the collaborations between the NOAA Climate Prediction Center (CPC) and the CMA National Meteorological Information Center (NMIC) under NOAA-CMA agreements on bilateral collaborations. The work on the NOAA side is supported by the NOAA/Climate Prediction Center (CPC), NOAA/Climate Program Office (CPO), NOAA/National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), and NOAA/USWRP Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) as part of NOAA's contribution to the NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission (PMM) and GEWEX Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP). The CMA contribution to this project is supported by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology under a 973 project, "Assessment, Assimilation, Recompilation and Applications of Fundamental and Thematic Climate Data Records" (2010CB951600). The gauge analysis data over China and the gauge station data over Korea are provided by Y. Shen of CMA and I.-C. Shin of KMA, respectively. Comments by P. A. Arkin, J. E. Janowiak, R. R. Ferraro, T. M. Smith, R. J. Joyce, M. Chen, and three anonymous reviewers helped improve the quality of the manuscript. NR 69 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 8 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D21106 DI 10.1029/2011JD016118 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 848KO UT WOS:000297050700001 ER PT J AU Dutton, GJ Dougherty, DB Jin, W Reutt-Robey, JE Robey, SW AF Dutton, G. J. Dougherty, D. B. Jin, W. Reutt-Robey, J. E. Robey, S. W. TI Superatom orbitals of C-60 on Ag(111): Two-photon photoemission and scanning tunneling spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EMPTY ELECTRONIC STATES; CHARGE-TRANSFER; THIN-FILMS; BAND-GAP; HYBRIDIZATION; FULLERENES; C60 AB The unoccupied electronic structure of C-60 layers on Ag(111) was investigated with two-photon photoemission (2PPE) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). The focus, in addition to providing unoccupied level assignments for C-60 monolayers, is on identifying signatures of C-60 superatom molecular orbitals (SAMOs), diffuse unoccupied levels weakly bound by the spherical potential of the fullerene shell, in the two complementary techniques. The s-SAMO is identified 3.3 eV above the Fermi level in 2PPE and at a bias of 3.5 eV in STS. Possible contributions from p-SAMO levels are also discussed for both measurement techniques. The results are compared with recent low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (LT-STM) work that investigated C-60 SAMOs on Cu(111) and oxygen-covered Cu(110) surfaces and with previous 2PPE measurements for C-60 monolayers on Au(111) and Cu(111). C1 [Dutton, G. J.; Robey, S. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dougherty, D. B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Jin, W.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Reutt-Robey, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Dutton, GJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.robey@nist.gov RI Reutt-Robey, Janice /C-3517-2009; Dutton, Gregory/J-8870-2016 OI Reutt-Robey, Janice /0000-0002-9309-7854; Dutton, Gregory/0000-0002-1483-604X NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 93 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 8 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 19 AR 195435 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.195435 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 845ZD UT WOS:000296865900011 ER PT J AU Gorlatova, N Chao, KL Pal, LR Araj, RH Galkin, A Turko, I Moult, J Herzberg, O AF Gorlatova, Natalia Chao, Kinlin Pal, Lipika R. Araj, Rawan Hanna Galkin, Andrey Turko, Illarion Moult, John Herzberg, Osnat TI Protein Characterization of a Candidate Mechanism SNP for Crohn's Disease: The Macrophage Stimulating Protein R689C Substitution SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HEPATOCYTE GROWTH-FACTOR; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; BETA-CHAIN; FACTOR/SCATTER FACTOR; SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI; SIGNALING PATHWAY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MET RECEPTOR; SEMA DOMAIN; STABILITY AB High throughput genome wide associations studies (GWAS) are now identifying a large number of genome loci related to risk of common human disease. Each such locus presents a challenge in identifying the relevant underlying mechanism. Here we report the experimental characterization of a proposed causal single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a locus related to risk of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The SNP lies in the MST1 gene encoding Macrophage Stimulating Protein (MSP), and results in an R689C amino acid substitution within the beta-chain of MSP (MSP beta). MSP binding to the RON receptor tyrosine kinase activates signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory response. We have purified wild-type and mutant MSP beta proteins and compared biochemical and biophysical properties that might impact the MSP/RON signaling pathway. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) binding studies showed that MSP beta R689C affinity to RON is approximately 10-fold lower than that of the wild-type MSP beta and differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) showed that the thermal stability of the mutant MSP beta was slightly lower than that of wild-type MSP beta, by 1.6 K. The substitution was found not to impair the specific Arg483-Val484 peptide bond cleavage by matriptase-1, required for MSP activation, and mass spectrometry of tryptic fragments of the mutated protein showed that the free thiol introduced by the R689C mutation did not form an aberrant disulfide bond. Together, the studies indicate that the missense SNP impairs MSP function by reducing its affinity to RON and perhaps through a secondary effect on in vivo concentration arising from reduced thermodynamic stability, resulting in down-regulation of the MSP/RON signaling pathway. C1 [Gorlatova, Natalia; Chao, Kinlin; Pal, Lipika R.; Araj, Rawan Hanna; Galkin, Andrey; Turko, Illarion; Moult, John; Herzberg, Osnat] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Turko, Illarion] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Moult, John] Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Herzberg, Osnat] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gorlatova, N (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM jmoult@umd.edu; osnat@umd.edu OI Moult, John/0000-0002-3012-2282 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R21-DA027024, R01-GM087922, R01LM007174]; HHMI (Howard Hughes Medical Institute) FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R21-DA027024, R01-GM087922, R01LM007174 (URL: http://grants.nih.gov/grants/oer.htm). RHA was a recipient of an HHMI (Howard Hughes Medical Institute) undergraduate student award. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 7 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 11 AR e27269 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0027269 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 852HH UT WOS:000297347700033 PM 22087277 ER PT J AU Almeida, JL Hill, CR Cole, KD AF Almeida, Jamie L. Hill, Carolyn R. Cole, Kenneth D. TI Authentication of African green monkey cell lines using human short tandem repeat markers SO BMC BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLOROCEBUS-AETHIOPS-SABAEUS; CROSS-CONTAMINATION; DEGRADED DNA; MINISTR LOCI; IDENTITY; CULTURE; ASSAY; VERO; MISIDENTIFICATION; CYTOTOXICITY AB Background: Tools for authenticating cell lines are critical for quality control in cell-based biological experiments. Currently there are methods to authenticate human cell lines using short tandem repeat (STR) markers based on the technology and procedures successfully used in the forensic community for human identification, but there are no STR based methods for authenticating nonhuman cell lines to date. There is significant homology between the human and vervet monkey genome and we utilized these similarities to design the first multiplex assay based on human STR markers for vervet cell line identification. Results: The following STR markers were incorporated into the vervet multiplex PCR assay: D17S1304, D5S1467, D19S245, D1S518, D8S1106, D4S2408, D6S1017, and DYS389. The eight markers were successful in uniquely identifying sixty-two vervet monkey DNA samples and confirmed that Vero76 cells and COS-7 cells were derived from Vero and CV-1 cells, respectively. The multiplex assay shows specificity for vervet DNA within the determined allele range for vervet monkeys; however, the primers will also amplify human DNA for each marker resulting in amplicons outside the vervet allele range in several of the loci. The STR markers showed genetic stability in over sixty-nine passages of Vero cells, suggesting low mutation rates in the targeted STR sequences in the Vero cell line. Conclusions: A functional vervet multiplex assay consisting of eight human STR markers with heterozygosity values ranging from 0.53-0.79 was successful in uniquely identifying sixty-two vervet monkey samples. The probability of a random match using these eight markers between any two vervet samples is approximately 1 in 1.9 million. While authenticating a vervet cell line, the multiplex assay may also be a useful indicator for human cell line contamination since the assay is based on human STR markers. C1 [Almeida, Jamie L.; Cole, Kenneth D.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Bioassay Methods Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hill, Carolyn R.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Appl Genet Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Almeida, JL (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Bioassay Methods Grp, 100 Bur Dr MS8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jamie.almeida@nist.gov NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6750 J9 BMC BIOTECHNOL JI BMC Biotechnol. PD NOV 7 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 102 DI 10.1186/1472-6750-11-102 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 850SN UT WOS:000297218700001 PM 22059503 ER PT J AU Wahlstrand, JK Zhang, H Choi, SB Sipe, JE Cundiff, ST AF Wahlstrand, J. K. Zhang, H. Choi, S. B. Sipe, J. E. Cundiff, S. T. TI Electric field-induced coherent control in GaAs: polarization dependence and electrical measurement [Invited] SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM INTERFERENCE CONTROL; CARRIER LIFETIME; CURRENTS; GENERATION; SEMICONDUCTORS; PHOTOCURRENT; INJECTION; EXCITATION; SILICON; BEAM AB A static electric field enables coherent control of the photoexcited carrier density in a semiconductor through the interference of one-and two-photon absorption. An experiment using optical detection is described. The polarization dependence of the signal is consistent with a calculation using a 14-band k . p model for GaAs. We also describe an electrical measurement. A strong enhancement of the phase-dependent photocurrent through a metal-semiconductor-metal structure is observed when a bias of a few volts is applied. The dependence of the signal on bias and laser spot position is studied. The field-induced enhancement of the signal could increase the sensitivity of semiconductor-based carrier-envelope phase detectors, useful in stabilizing mode-locked lasers for use in frequency combs. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Zhang, H.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wahlstrand, J. K.; Zhang, H.; Choi, S. B.; Sipe, J. E.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sipe, J. E.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RP Wahlstrand, JK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu RI Sipe, John/B-4668-2014; Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 FU National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX J.E.S. thanks the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for financial support. We thank A. D. Bristow and M. J. Stevens for helpful suggestions and Robert Snider, Jessica Pipis, and Ryan Smith for technical contributions. We also thank R. Mirin for providing the LT-GaAs and GaAs:Er samples. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 7 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 23 BP 22563 EP 22574 DI 10.1364/OE.19.022563 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 846LW UT WOS:000296904700038 PM 22109135 ER PT J AU Yost, DC Cingoz, A Allison, TK Ruehl, A Fermann, ME Hartl, I Ye, J AF Yost, D. C. Cingoez, A. Allison, T. K. Ruehl, A. Fermann, M. E. Hartl, I. Ye, J. TI Power optimization of XUV frequency combs for spectroscopy applications [Invited] SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-HARMONIC-GENERATION; FEMTOSECOND ENHANCEMENT CAVITIES; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; REPETITION-RATE; FIBER; MHZ; DYNAMICS AB We address technical impediments to the generation of high-photon flux XUV frequency combs through cavity-enhanced high harmonic generation. These difficulties arise from mirror damage, cavity nonlinearity, the intracavity plasma generated during the HHG process, and imperfect phase-matching. By eliminating or minimizing each of these effects we have developed a system capable of generating > 200 mu W and delivering similar to 20 mu W of average power for each spectrally separated harmonic (wavelengths ranging from 50 nm - 120 nm), to actual comb-based spectroscopy experiments. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Yost, D. C.; Cingoez, A.; Allison, T. K.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yost, D. C.; Cingoez, A.; Allison, T. K.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ruehl, A.; Fermann, M. E.; Hartl, I.] IMRA Amer Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Yost, DC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM dylan.yost@colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 FU DARPA; AFOSR; NIST; NSF; A. von Humboldt Foundation (Germany) FX This research is funded by DARPA, AFOSR, NIST, and NSF. A. Cingoz and T. K. Allison are National Research Council postdoctoral fellows. A. Ruehl acknowledges funding from the A. von Humboldt Foundation (Germany). We thank P. A. Hermann and M. Ahmed for useful discussions. NR 46 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 7 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 23 BP 23483 EP 23493 DI 10.1364/OE.19.023483 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 846LW UT WOS:000296904700129 PM 22109226 ER PT J AU Boulanger, B Cundiff, ST Gauthier, DJ Karlsson, M Lu, YQ Norwood, RA Skryabin, D Taira, T AF Boulanger, Benoit Cundiff, Steven T. Gauthier, Daniel J. Karlsson, Magnus Lu, Yan-qing Norwood, Robert A. Skryabin, Dmitry Taira, Takunori TI Focus issue introduction: nonlinear optics SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB It is now fifty years since the original observation of second harmonic generation ushered in the field of nonlinear optics, close on the heels of the invention of the laser. This feature issue celebrates this anniversary with papers that span the range from new nonlinear optical materials, through the increasingly novel methods that have been developed for phase matching, to emerging areas such as nonlinear metamaterials and plasmonic enhancement of optical properties. It is clear that the next fifty years of nonlinear optics will witness a proliferation of new applications with increasing technological impact. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Boulanger, Benoit] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Inst Neel, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gauthier, Daniel J.] Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Gauthier, Daniel J.] Duke Univ, Fitzpatrick Inst Photon, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Karlsson, Magnus] Chalmers, Photon Lab, Dept Microtechnol & Nanosci, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Lu, Yan-qing] Nanjing Univ, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yan-qing] Nanjing Univ, Natl Lab Solid State Microstruct, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Norwood, Robert A.] Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Skryabin, Dmitry] Univ Bath, Dept Phys, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Taira, Takunori] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Inst Mol Sci, Laser Res Ctr, Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan. RP Boulanger, B (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Inst Neel, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RI Gauthier, Daniel/G-1336-2011; Taira, Takunori/H-5313-2012; Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Karlsson, Magnus/J-5723-2014 OI Gauthier, Daniel/0000-0002-4473-217X; Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Karlsson, Magnus/0000-0002-2438-2491 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 17 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 7 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 23 BP 23561 EP 23566 DI 10.1364/OE.19.023561 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 846LW UT WOS:000296904700138 PM 22109235 ER PT J AU Nunnenkamp, A Rey, AM Burnett, K AF Nunnenkamp, Andreas Rey, Ana Maria Burnett, Keith TI Superposition states of ultracold bosons in rotating rings with a realistic potential barrier SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB In a recent paper [Phys. Rev. A 82, 063623 (2010)] Hallwood et al. argued that it is feasible to create large superposition states with strongly interacting bosons in rotating rings. Here we investigate in detail how the superposition states in rotating-ring lattices depend on interaction strength and barrier height. With respect to the latter we find a trade-off between energy gap and quality of the superposition state. Most importantly, we go beyond the delta-function approximation for the barrier potential and show that the energy gap decreases exponentially with the number of particles for weak barrier potentials of finite width. These are crucial issues in the design of experiments to realize superposition states. C1 [Nunnenkamp, Andreas] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Nunnenkamp, Andreas] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Burnett, Keith] Univ Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. RP Nunnenkamp, A (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RI Nunnenkamp, Andreas/A-2491-2010 OI Nunnenkamp, Andreas/0000-0003-2390-7636 FU NSF [DMR-1004406]; NIST; ARO; DARPA-OLE FX A.N. thanks Steven M. Girvin for a careful reading of the manuscript and acknowledges support from the NSF under Grant No. DMR-1004406. A. M. R. acknowledges support from NSF, NIST, and a grant from the ARO with funding from the DARPA-OLE. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 7 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 5 AR 053604 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.053604 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 843EV UT WOS:000296656000012 ER PT J AU Glyde, HR Diallo, SO Azuah, RT Kirichek, O Taylor, JW AF Glyde, H. R. Diallo, S. O. Azuah, R. T. Kirichek, O. Taylor, J. W. TI Atomic momentum distribution and Bose-Einstein condensation in liquid He-4 under pressure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; KINETIC-ENERGY; SUPERFLUID TRANSITION; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; HE-4; HELIUM; FRACTION; GAS; QUANTUM; SYSTEMS AB Neutron-scattering measurements of the dynamic structure factor, S(Q,omega), of liquid He-4 as a function of pressure at high-momentum transfer, (h) over barQ, are presented. At high (h) over barQ the dynamics of single atoms in the liquid is observed. From S(Q,omega) the atomic momentum distribution, n(k), the Bose-Einstein condensate fraction, n(0), and the final-state (FS) broadening function are obtained. The shape of n(k) differs from a classical, Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution with higher occupation of low-momentum states in the quantum liquid. The width of n(k) and the atomic kinetic energy, < K >, increase with pressure but the shape of n(k) remains approximately independent of pressure. The present observed and Monte Carlo (MC) calculations of < K > agree within error. The condensate fraction decreases from n(0) = 7.25% +/- 0.75% at saturated vapor pressure (p similar or equal to 0) to n(0) = 3.2% +/- 0.75% at pressure p = 24 bar, a density dependence that is again reproduced by MC calculations within observed error. The FS function is the contribution to S(Q,omega) arising from the interaction of the struck atom with its neighbors following the scattering. The FS function broadens with increasing pressure reflecting the increased importance of FS effects at higher pressure. C1 [Glyde, H. R.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Diallo, S. O.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Azuah, R. T.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Azuah, R. T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kirichek, O.; Taylor, J. W.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, STFC, ISIS Spallat Neutron Source, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Glyde, HR (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Kirichek, Oleg/C-2660-2013; Diallo, Souleymane/B-3111-2016 OI Diallo, Souleymane/0000-0002-3369-8391 FU DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [ER46680] FX This work was supported by the DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. ER46680. We acknowledge the scientific and technical support of the staff of the ISIS Spallation Neutron Source, especially of the valuable assistance of Richard Down, where these measurements were conducted and the hospitality of the Institut Laue Langevin, where this paper was written. NR 73 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 7 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 18 AR 184506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.184506 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 845YE UT WOS:000296862800008 ER PT J AU Burrows, MT Schoeman, DS Buckley, LB Moore, P Poloczanska, ES Brander, KM Brown, C Bruno, JF Duarte, CM Halpern, BS Holding, J Kappel, CV Kiessling, W O'Connor, MI Pandolfi, JM Parmesan, C Schwing, FB Sydeman, WJ Richardson, AJ AF Burrows, Michael T. Schoeman, David S. Buckley, Lauren B. Moore, Pippa Poloczanska, Elvira S. Brander, Keith M. Brown, Chris Bruno, John F. Duarte, Carlos M. Halpern, Benjamin S. Holding, Johnna Kappel, Carrie V. Kiessling, Wolfgang O'Connor, Mary I. Pandolfi, John M. Parmesan, Camille Schwing, Franklin B. Sydeman, William J. Richardson, Anthony J. TI The Pace of Shifting Climate in Marine and Terrestrial Ecosystems SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; RANGE SHIFTS; GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY; SCENARIOS; IMPACTS; PATTERNS; RATES AB Climate change challenges organisms to adapt or move to track changes in environments in space and time. We used two measures of thermal shifts from analyses of global temperatures over the past 50 years to describe the pace of climate change that species should track: the velocity of climate change (geographic shifts of isotherms over time) and the shift in seasonal timing of temperatures. Both measures are higher in the ocean than on land at some latitudes, despite slower ocean warming. These indices give a complex mosaic of predicted range shifts and phenology changes that deviate from simple poleward migration and earlier springs or later falls. They also emphasize potential conservation concerns, because areas of high marine biodiversity often have greater velocities of climate change and seasonal shifts. C1 [Burrows, Michael T.] Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Scottish Marine Inst, Dept Ecol, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. [Schoeman, David S.] Univ Ulster, Environm Sci Res Inst, Sch Environm Sci, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. [Schoeman, David S.] Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univ, Dept Zool, ZA-6031 Port Elizabeth, South Africa. [Buckley, Lauren B.; Bruno, John F.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Moore, Pippa] Aberystwyth Univ, Inst Biol Environm & Rural Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, Dyfed, Wales. [Moore, Pippa] Edith Cowan Univ, Ctr Marine Ecosyst Res, Perth, WA 6027, Australia. [Poloczanska, Elvira S.; Brown, Chris; Richardson, Anthony J.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org Marine & Atmospher, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Brander, Keith M.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, Charlottenlund, Denmark. [Brown, Chris; Richardson, Anthony J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Duarte, Carlos M.] Univ Western Australia, Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Duarte, Carlos M.; Holding, Johnna] Univ Balearic Isl, Dept Global Change Res, Inst Mediterraneo Estudios Avanzados, Consejo Super Invest Cient, Esporles 07190, Spain. [Halpern, Benjamin S.; Kappel, Carrie V.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Kiessling, Wolfgang] Humboldt Univ, Museum Nat Kunde, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [O'Connor, Mary I.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [O'Connor, Mary I.] Univ British Columbia, Biodivers Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Pandolfi, John M.] Univ Queensland, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Parmesan, Camille] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Schwing, Franklin B.] Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94975 USA. [Richardson, Anthony J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Math & Phys, Ctr Applicat Nat Resource Math, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Burrows, MT (reprint author), Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Scottish Marine Inst, Dept Ecol, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. EM michael.burrows@sams.ac.uk RI O'Connor, Mary/F-2275-2010; Hu, Lile /E-7961-2015; Brown, Christopher/G-4287-2011; Richardson, Anthony/B-3649-2010; Duarte, Carlos M/A-7670-2013; Pandolfi, John/A-3121-2009; Burrows, Michael/D-9844-2013; Moore, Pippa/H-8079-2013; Poloczanska, Elvira/F-4366-2014; poloczanska, elvira/P-5356-2014; Kiessling, Wolfgang/E-2259-2015 OI Moore, Pippa/0000-0002-9889-2216; Hu, Lile /0000-0003-4892-2488; Schoeman, David/0000-0003-1258-0885; Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-7271-4091; Duarte, Carlos M/0000-0002-1213-1361; Pandolfi, John/0000-0003-3047-6694; Burrows, Michael/0000-0003-4620-5899; FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; NSF [EF-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California; UK Natural Environment Research Council; Australian Research Council [DP0879365]; Future Fellowship [FT0991722] FX This work was conducted as a part of the Towards Understanding Marine Biological Impacts of Climate Change Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by NSF (grant no. EF-0553768); the University of California, Santa Barbara; and the State of California. M.T.B. thanks the UK Natural Environment Research Council Oceans 2025 program, J.P. thanks the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies for additional support, and A.J.R. was supported by the Australian Research Council Discovery Grant DP0879365 and Future Fellowship Grant FT0991722. Data used in analyses are available from the University of East Anglia Climate Research Unit and the UK Meteorological Office Hadley Centre, with online access at the British Atmospheric Data Centre. NR 21 TC 355 Z9 361 U1 44 U2 439 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 4 PY 2011 VL 334 IS 6056 BP 652 EP 655 DI 10.1126/science.1210288 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 841EG UT WOS:000296494700050 PM 22053045 ER PT J AU Evan, AT Kossin, JP Chung, C Ramanathan, V AF Evan, Amato T. Kossin, James P. Chung, Chul 'Eddy' Ramanathan, V. TI Arabian Sea tropical cyclones intensified by emissions of black carbon and other aerosols SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; NORTH INDIAN-OCEAN; ASIAN HAZE; MONSOON; CLIMATE; IMPACTS; STORMS AB Throughout the year, average sea surface temperatures in the Arabian Sea are warm enough to support the development of tropical cyclones(1), but the atmospheric monsoon circulation and associated strong vertical wind shear limits cyclone development and intensification, only permitting a pre-monsoon and post-monsoon period for cyclogenesis(1-4). Thus a recent increase in the intensity of tropical cyclones over the northern Indian Ocean(5) is thought to be related to the weakening of the climatological vertical wind shear(3,4). At the same time, anthropogenic emissions of aerosols have increased sixfold since the 1930s, leading to a weakening of the southwesterly lower-level and easterly upper-level winds that define the monsoonal circulation over the Arabian Sea(6-9). In principle, this aerosol-driven circulation modification could affect tropical cyclone intensity over the Arabian Sea, but so far no such linkage has been shown. Here we report an increase in the intensity of pre-monsoon Arabian Sea tropical cyclones during the period 1979-2010, and show that this change in storm strength is a consequence of a simultaneous upward trend in anthropogenic black carbon and sulphate emissions. We use a combination of observational, reanalysis and model data to demonstrate that the anomalous circulation, which is radiatively forced by these anthropogenic aerosols, reduces the basin-wide vertical wind shear, creating an environment more favourable for tropical cyclone intensification. Because most Arabian Sea tropical cyclones make landfall(1), our results suggest an additional impact on human health from regional air pollution. C1 [Evan, Amato T.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Chung, Chul 'Eddy'] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. [Ramanathan, V.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Evan, AT (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM ate9c@virginia.edu RI Kossin, James/C-2022-2016 OI Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794 FU National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Climate Program Office [NA10OAR4310136]; Korea's Research Agency for Climate Science [RACS 2010-2603]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0721142] FX Partial funding for this work was provided by National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Climate Program Office (NA10OAR4310136), Korea's Research Agency for Climate Science (RACS 2010-2603) and the National Science Foundation (ATM-0721142). Data from National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalyses 1 and 2 were provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research/Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their website (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/). NR 28 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 6 U2 63 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 3 PY 2011 VL 479 IS 7371 BP 94 EP U119 DI 10.1038/nature10552 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 840FA UT WOS:000296422600038 PM 22051678 ER PT J AU Duchene, S Archer, FI Vilstrup, J Caballero, S Morin, PA AF Duchene, Sebastian Archer, Frederick I. Vilstrup, Julia Caballero, Susana Morin, Phillip A. TI Mitogenome Phylogenetics: The Impact of Using Single Regions and Partitioning Schemes on Topology, Substitution Rate and Divergence Time Estimation SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE MITOCHONDRIAL GENOMES; CYTOCHROME-B GENE; SPECIES TREES; KILLER WHALE; MULTILOCUS PHYLOGENY; ORCINUS-ORCA; DNA; RESOLUTION; DELPHINIDAE; POPULATION AB The availability of mitochondrial genome sequences is growing as a result of recent technological advances in molecular biology. In phylogenetic analyses, the complete mitogenome is increasingly becoming the marker of choice, usually providing better phylogenetic resolution and precision relative to traditional markers such as cytochrome b (CYTB) and the control region (CR). In some cases, the differences in phylogenetic estimates between mitogenomic and single-gene markers have yielded incongruent conclusions. By comparing phylogenetic estimates made from different genes, we identified the most informative mitochondrial regions and evaluated the minimum amount of data necessary to reproduce the same results as the mitogenome. We compared results among individual genes and the mitogenome for recently published complete mitogenome datasets of selected delphinids (Delphinidae) and killer whales (genus Orcinus). Using Bayesian phylogenetic methods, we investigated differences in estimation of topologies, divergence dates, and clock-like behavior among genes for both datasets. Although the most informative regions were not the same for each taxonomic group (COX1, CYTB, ND3 and ATP6 for Orcinus, and ND1, COX1 and ND4 for Delphinidae), in both cases they were equivalent to less than a quarter of the complete mitogenome. This suggests that gene information content can vary among groups, but can be adequately represented by a portion of the complete sequence. Although our results indicate that complete mitogenomes provide the highest phylogenetic resolution and most precise date estimates, a minimum amount of data can be selected using our approach when the complete sequence is unavailable. Studies based on single genes can benefit from the addition of a few more mitochondrial markers, producing topologies and date estimates similar to those obtained using the entire mitogenome. C1 [Duchene, Sebastian; Caballero, Susana] Univ Los Andes, Lab Ecol Mol Vertebrados Acuat, Bogota, Colombia. [Archer, Frederick I.; Morin, Phillip A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. [Vilstrup, Julia] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr GeoGenet, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Duchene, S (reprint author), Univ Los Andes, Lab Ecol Mol Vertebrados Acuat, Bogota, Colombia. EM phillip.morin@noaa.gov RI Duchene, Sebastian/E-3527-2012; OI Duchene, Sebastian/0000-0002-2863-0907 FU Universidad de los Andes FX Funding provided by Proyecto semilla Grant from Universidad de los Andes (www.uniandes.edu.co). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 73 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 29 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 2 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 11 AR e27138 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0027138 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 849WB UT WOS:000297154900011 PM 22073275 ER PT J AU Fisher, R Knowlton, N Brainard, RE Caley, MJ AF Fisher, Rebecca Knowlton, Nancy Brainard, Russell E. Caley, M. Julian TI Differences among Major Taxa in the Extent of Ecological Knowledge across Four Major Ecosystems SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF ECOSYSTEMS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; SPECIES RICHNESS; SEAGRASS MEADOWS; BIODIVERSITY; RESILIENCE; DIVERSITY; FUTURE; ASSEMBLAGES; MANAGEMENT AB Existing knowledge shapes our understanding of ecosystems and is critical for ecosystem-based management of the world's natural resources. Typically this knowledge is biased among taxa, with some taxa far better studied than others, but the extent of this bias is poorly known. In conjunction with the publically available World Registry of Marine Species database (WoRMS) and one of the world's premier electronic scientific literature databases (Web of Science (R)), a text mining approach is used to examine the distribution of existing ecological knowledge among taxa in coral reef, mangrove, seagrass and kelp bed ecosystems. We found that for each of these ecosystems, most research has been limited to a few groups of organisms. While this bias clearly reflects the perceived importance of some taxa as commercially or ecologically valuable, the relative lack of research of other taxonomic groups highlights the problem that some key taxa and associated ecosystem processes they affect may be poorly understood or completely ignored. The approach outlined here could be applied to any type of ecosystem for analyzing previous research effort and identifying knowledge gaps in order to improve ecosystem-based conservation and management. C1 [Fisher, Rebecca] Australian Inst Marine Sci, UWA Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA, Australia. [Knowlton, Nancy] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Knowlton, Nancy] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Brainard, Russell E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Honolulu, HI USA. [Caley, M. Julian] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. RP Fisher, R (reprint author), Australian Inst Marine Sci, UWA Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA, Australia. EM r.fisher@aims.gov.au OI Fisher, Rebecca/0000-0001-5148-6731 FU BHP Billiton through CReefs Australia FX This work was funded by BHP Billiton through CReefs Australia, a partnership between BHP Billiton, the Great Barrier Reef Foundation, the Census of Marine Life and the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS). CReefs Australia is a node of the Census of Coral Reef Ecosystems (CReefs), a project of the Census of Marine Life. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 24 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 2 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 11 AR e26556 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0026556 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 849WB UT WOS:000297154900024 PM 22073172 ER PT J AU Goetz, F Sitar, S Rosauer, D Swanson, P Bronte, CR Dickey, J Simchick, C AF Goetz, Frederick Sitar, Shawn Rosauer, Daniel Swanson, Penny Bronte, Charles R. Dickey, Jon Simchick, Crystal TI The Reproductive Biology of Siscowet and Lean Lake Trout in Southern Lake Superior SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHARR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; ACUTE REGULATORY PROTEIN; GONADOTROPINS GTH-I; COD GADUS-MORHUA; ARCTIC CHARR; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GROWTH-HORMONE; BROOK TROUT; SYMPATRIC MORPHOTYPES AB Lean and siscowet morphotypes of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Superior are thought to be genetically separate, but the reproductive isolating mechanism is unknown. The testicular and ovarian cycles and reproductive hormone levels of these morphotypes were determined from May to October in populations east and west of the Keweenaw Peninsula in southern Lake Superior. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) increased from August to October for lean and siscowet males and females east of the Keweenaw Peninsula and for siscowets west of the Keweenaw Peninsula. Circulating estradiol-17 beta (E2) levels and ovarian GSIs increased simultaneously in females of both morphotypes. However, circulating 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) levels in lean and siscowet males were not significantly elevated until October even though testicular GSIs increased by August. Transcripts of the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) beta subunit (an indirect measure of FSH activity) increased in lean and siscowet males and females during August and September, when GSIs were increasing for both morphotypes. The seasonal changes in GSIs and hormone levels indicate that both lean and siscowet individuals in southern Lake Superior populations undergo reproductive maturation at the same time in the fall; therefore, reproductive timing does not appear to genetically isolate the morphotypes in these populations. A proportion of the sampled females (lean lake trout: 54%; siscowets: 42%) exhibited no increase in GSI from August to October, strongly suggesting that in any given year some proportion of the population does not reproduce. This was also observed in males but at a lower percentage (19-20%). Fish that did not have maturing gonads from August to October also had lower E2 and 11-KT levels than maturing fish. Fecundity measured for lean and siscowet lake trout was not statistically different and was similar to historical values. C1 [Goetz, Frederick; Rosauer, Daniel; Simchick, Crystal] Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, Sch Freshwater Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [Sitar, Shawn] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Marquette Fisheries Res Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. [Swanson, Penny] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Bronte, Charles R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. [Dickey, Jon] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Goetz, F (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, Sch Freshwater Sci, 600 E Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. EM rick@uwm.edu FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; Michigan Department of Natural Resources [F-81-R] FX The crews of the R/V Judy and R/V Lake Char, including Brandon Bastar, Dawn Dupras, Greg Kleaver, Helen Morales, Kevin Rathbun, Dan Traynor, and Tim Wille, worked extremely hard in the field collection of fish for this study. Henry Quinlan and Mark Brouder (Ashland Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) and Bill Mattes (Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission) provided additional and essential field support for collections. This study was supported by a grant from the Great Lakes Fishery Commission (to F. G., S. S., and C. B.) and by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project F-81-R). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 78 TC 13 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 140 IS 6 BP 1472 EP 1491 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.630276 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 903WU UT WOS:000301153700005 ER PT J AU Roberts, JJ Brandt, SB Fanslow, D Ludsin, SA Pothoven, SA Scavia, D Hook, TO AF Roberts, James J. Brandt, Stephen B. Fanslow, David Ludsin, Stuart A. Pothoven, Steven A. Scavia, Donald Hoeoek, Tomas O. TI Effects of Hypoxia on Consumption, Growth, and RNA:DNA Ratios of Young Yellow Perch SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RNA-DNA RATIOS; CISCO COREGONUS-ARTEDI; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; NUCLEIC-ACID; LAKE-ERIE; HYPOLIMNETIC OXYGENATION; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; FISH BIOENERGETICS; AQUACULTURE PONDS; WINTER FLOUNDER AB As in various freshwater and coastal marine ecosystems worldwide, seasonal bottom water hypoxia is a recurring phenomenon in Lake Erie's central basin. While bottom hypoxia can strongly affect sessile benthic animals, its effects on mobile organisms such as fish are less understood. We evaluated the potential for bottom hypoxia to affect the growth rates of yellow perch Perca flavescens, a species of ecological and economic importance in the lake. To this end, we (1) conducted laboratory experiments to quantify the effects of reduced dissolved oxygen on consumption, somatic growth, and RNA: DNA ratios (an index of short-term growth) of young yellow perch and (2) explored the effects of bottom hypoxia on young yellow perch growth in Lake Erie's central basin by collecting individuals in hypoxic and normoxic regions of the lake and quantifying their RNA: DNA ratios. Yellow perch consumption and growth in our experiments declined under hypoxic conditions (<= 2 mg O-2/L). While yellow perch RNA: DNA ratios responded strongly to experimental temperature, nucleic acid ratios were not significantly affected by dissolved oxygen or feeding ration. We did, however, observe a positive correlation between yellow perch growth and RNA: DNA ratios at low temperatures (11 degrees C). The nucleic acid ratios of yellow perch collected in Lake Erie varied spatiotemporally, but their patterns were not consistent with hypoxia. In short, while yellow perch consumption and growth rates respond directly and negatively to low oxygen conditions, these responses are not necessarily reflected in RNA: DNA ratios. Moreover, in central Lake Erie, where yellow perch can behaviorally avoid hypoxic areas, the RNA: DNA ratios of yellow perch do not respond strongly to bottom hypoxia. Thus, this study suggests that there is no strong negative effect of bottom hypoxia on the growth of young yellow perch in Lake Erie. C1 [Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Roberts, James J.; Scavia, Donald] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Roberts, James J.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Roberts, James J.; Fanslow, David] NOAA, Great Lake Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Brandt, Stephen B.] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Sea Grant Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ludsin, Stuart A.] Ohio State Univ, Aquat Ecol Lab, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lake Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. RP Hook, TO (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marstellar St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM thook@purdue.edu RI Ludsin, Stuart/F-2925-2010; OI Ludsin, Stuart/0000-0002-3866-2216; Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422; Scavia, Donald/0000-0002-2784-8269 FU NOAA-GLERL; NOAA; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes National Program Office; NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research [NA07OAR432000] FX We thank the captains and crew of the RV Laurentian for their tireless work and dedication during our field excursions onto Lake Erie. For their assistance with laboratory and experimental work, we thank Kara Lindelof, Tom Johengen, Kristi Sabo, Damon Krueger, Solomon David, Greg Jacobs, and Christie Roberts. We especially salute the contributions of Brad Utrup to the design and implementation of our laboratory experiments. We also thank Lizu Wang and Jim Breck from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources' Institute for Fisheries Research for their advice and allowing us to use their facilities. Daisuke Goto, Edward Rutherford, and Earl Werner provided valuable comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. This work was conducted as part of the International Field Years on Lake Erie (IFYLE) program, supported by NOAA-GLERL, NOAA National Sea Grant (to T. Hook), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes National Program Office and in part by NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research grant NA07OAR432000. This manuscript is GLERL-NOAA contribution 1571 and EcoFore Lake Erie publication 09-006. NR 66 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 140 IS 6 BP 1574 EP 1586 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.638576 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 903WU UT WOS:000301153700013 ER PT J AU Oleshko, VP Howe, JM AF Oleshko, Vladimir P. Howe, James M. TI Are electron tweezers possible? SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Electron tweezers; Manipulation; Nanoparticles; Metal alloys; Plasmons; VEELS; EFTEM ID AL-SI ALLOY; MANIPULATION; PARTICLES; MOTION; NANOPARTICLES; IRRADIATION; MICROSCOPY; NANOSPHERE; SURFACE; ATOMS AB Positively answering the question in the title, we demonstrate in this work single electron beam trapping and steering of 20-300 nm solid Al nanoparticles generated inside opaque submicron-sized molten Al-Si eutectic alloy spheres. Imaging of solid nanoparticles and liquid alloy in real time was performed using energy filtering in an analytical transmission electron microscope (TEM). Energy-filtering TEM combined with valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy enabled us to investigate in situ nanoscale transformations of the internal structure, temperature dependence of plasmon losses, and local electronic and optical properties under melting and crystallization of individual binary alloy particles. For particles below 20 nm in size, enhanced vibrations of the dynamic solid-liquid interface due to instabilities near the critical threshold were observed just before melting. The obtained results indicate that focused electron beams can act as a tool for manipulation of metal nanoparticles by transferring linear and angular mechanical momenta. Such thermally assisted electron tweezers can be utilized for touchless manipulation and processing of individual nano-objects and potentially for fabrication of assembled nanodevices with atomic level sensitivity and lateral resolution provided by modern electron optical systems. This is by three orders of magnitude better than for light microscopy utilized in conventional optical tweezers. New research directions and potential applications of trapping and tracking of nano-objects by focused electron beams are outlined. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Oleshko, Vladimir P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Howe, James M.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Oleshko, VP (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vladimir.oleshko@nist.gov RI Oleshko, Vladimir/A-6250-2014 OI Oleshko, Vladimir/0000-0003-0538-2354 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-01ER45918]; National Institute of Standards and Technology [SB134110SE0579, SB134111SE0814] FX This research was supported by the US Department of Energy (Grant no. DE-FG02-01ER45918) and by National Institute of Standards and Technology (Contracts SB134110SE0579 and SB134111SE0814). The authors are grateful to Mr. T. Yokota (JFE Steel Corp., Japan) for his help in this research and to Prof. F.J.G. de Abajo (Instituto de Optica-CSIC, Madrid, Spain) for useful discussions. Critical reading of this manuscript by Drs. J. Bonevich and D. Josell, NIST is gratefully acknowledged. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD NOV PY 2011 VL 111 IS 11 BP 1599 EP 1606 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2011.08.015 PG 8 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 894XS UT WOS:000300461400011 PM 21946000 ER PT J AU Biri, S Takacs, E Racz, R Hudson, LT Palinkas, J AF Biri, Sandor Takacs, Endre Racz, Richard Hudson, Larry T. Palinkas, Jozsef TI Pinhole X-Ray Camera Photographs of an ECR Ion Source Plasma SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ion sources; plasma magnetic confinement; X-ray detectors AB A 70-mu m pinhole and an X-ray CCD camera in single-photon counting mode were used to obtain spatially and spectrally resolved images of an electron-cyclotron-resonance ion-source-generated plasma. The method has good spatial resolution, as well as the capability of postprocessed energy filtering of the images. The X-ray images clearly show the spatial positions of different sources of the X-ray photons: bremsstrahlung, characteristic lines of the plasma ions, and X-rays emitted from the wall. C1 [Biri, Sandor; Racz, Richard] Inst Nucl Res ATOMKI, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary. [Takacs, Endre; Racz, Richard; Palinkas, Jozsef] Univ Debrecen, Dept Expt Phys, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary. [Hudson, Larry T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Biri, S (reprint author), Inst Nucl Res ATOMKI, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary. EM biri@atomki.hu; etakacs@atomki.hu; rracz@atomki.hu; lhudson@nist.gov; palinkas@atomki.hu NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 39 IS 11 SI SI BP 2494 EP 2495 DI 10.1109/TPS.2011.2160371 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 884CV UT WOS:000299683400220 ER PT J AU McGillicuddy, DJ Townsend, DW He, R Keafer, BA Kleindinst, JL Li, Y Manning, JP Mountain, DG Thomas, MA Anderson, DM AF McGillicuddy, D. J., Jr. Townsend, D. W. He, R. Keafer, B. A. Kleindinst, J. L. Li, Y. Manning, J. P. Mountain, D. G. Thomas, M. A. Anderson, D. M. TI Suppression of the 2010 Alexandrium fundyense bloom by changes in physical, biological, and chemical properties of the Gulf of Maine SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SCOTIAN SHELF-GULF; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; COASTAL CURRENT; EL-NINO; PREDICTABILITY; DYNAMICS; MODEL; FLUCTUATIONS; POPULATIONS; MECHANISMS AB For the period 2005-2009, the abundance of resting cysts in bottom sediments from the preceding autumn was a first-order predictor of the overall severity of spring-summer blooms of Alexandrium fundyense in the western Gulf of Maine and southern New England. Cyst abundance off mid-coast Maine was significantly higher in autumn 2009 than it was preceding a major regional bloom in 2005. A seasonal ensemble forecast was computed using a range of forcing conditions for the period 2004 2009, suggesting that a large bloom was likely in the western Gulf of Maine in 2010. This did not materialize, perhaps because environmental conditions in spring-summer 2010 were not favorable for growth of A. fundyense. Water mass anomalies indicate a regional-scale change in circulation with direct influence on A. fundyense's niche. Specifically, near-surface waters were warmer, fresher, more stratified, and had lower nutrients than during the period of observations used to construct the ensemble forecast. Moreover, a weaker-than-normal coastal current lessened A. fundyense transport into the western Gulf of Maine and Massachusetts Bay. Satellite ocean color observations indicate the 2010 spring phytoplankton bloom was more intense than usual. Early season nutrient depletion may have caused a temporal mismatch with A. fundyense's endogenous clock that regulates the timing of cyst germination. These findings highlight the difficulties of ecological forecasting in a changing oceanographic environment, and underscore the need for a sustained observational network to drive such forecasts. C1 [McGillicuddy, D. J., Jr.; Keafer, B. A.; Kleindinst, J. L.; Anderson, D. M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Townsend, D. W.; Thomas, M. A.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME USA. [He, R.; Li, Y.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Manning, J. P.] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP McGillicuddy, DJ (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM dmcgillicuddy@whoi.edu RI Li, Yizhen/O-3869-2015 OI Li, Yizhen/0000-0001-6565-1339 FU National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration [NA06NOS4780245]; Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health through National Science Foundation [OCE-0430724, OCE-0911031]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [1P50-ES01274201] FX We gratefully acknowledge support of the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (grant NA06NOS4780245 for the Gulf of Maine Toxicity (GOMTOX) program) and the Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health through National Science Foundation grants OCE-0430724 and OCE-0911031 and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grant 1P50-ES01274201. NR 41 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 56 IS 6 BP 2411 EP 2426 DI 10.4319/lo.2011.56.6.2411 PG 16 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 879RM UT WOS:000299349700037 ER PT J AU Taylor, BN AF Taylor, Barry N. TI The Current SI Seen From the Perspective of the Proposed New SI SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIPM; CCU; CGPM; CIPM; International System of Units; New SI; SI; SI reference set of constants; units ID REDEFINITION; KILOGRAM; MOLE AB A revised International System of Units (SI) proposed by the International Committee for Weights and Measures is under consideration by the General Conference on Weights and Measures for eventual adoption. Widely recognized as a significant advance for both metrology and science, it is defined via statements that explicitly fix the numerical values of a selected set of seven reference constants when the values of these constants are expressed in certain specified units. At first sight this approach to defining a system of units appears to be quite different from that used to define the current SI. However, by showing how the definitions of the seven base units of the current SI also fix the numerical values of a set of seven reference constants (broadly interpreted) when the values of these constants are expressed in their coherent SI units, and how the definition of the current SI can be recast into the same form as that of the revised SI under consideration, we show that the revision is not as radical a departure from the current SI as it might initially seem. C1 [Taylor, Barry N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Phys Soc, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Taylor, Barry N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Inst Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Taylor, Barry N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Taylor, BN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Phys Soc, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM barry.taylor@nist.gov NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 116 IS 6 BP 797 EP 807 DI 10.6028/jres.116.022 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 881MK UT WOS:000299490600001 PM 26989600 ER PT J AU Kessel, R Kacker, RN Sommer, KD AF Kessel, Ruediger Kacker, Raghu N. Sommer, Klaus-Dieter TI Combining Results From Multiple Evaluations of the Same Measurand SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE consensus value; interlaboratory evaluations; uncertainty in measurement ID CONSISTENCY; UNCERTAINTY; GUIDE AB According to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM), a result of measurement consists of a measured value together with its associated standard uncertainty. The measured value and the standard uncertainty are interpreted as the expected value and the standard deviation of a state-of-knowledge probability distribution attributed to the measurand. We discuss the term metrological compatibility introduced by the International Vocabulary of Metrology, third edition (VIM3) for lack of significant differences between two or more results of measurement for the same measurand. Sometimes a combined result of measurement from multiple evaluations of the same measurand is needed. We propose an approach for determining a combined result which is metrologically compatible with the contributing results. C1 [Kessel, Ruediger; Kacker, Raghu N.] NIST, ACMD, ITL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sommer, Klaus-Dieter] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Kessel, R (reprint author), NIST, ACMD, ITL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ruediger.kessel@nist.gov; raghu.kacker@nist.gov; klaus-dieter.sommer@ptb.de NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 116 IS 6 BP 809 EP 820 DI 10.6028/jres.116.023 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 881MK UT WOS:000299490600002 PM 26989601 ER PT J AU Fick, SE Proctor, TM AF Fick, Steven E. Proctor, Thomas M. TI Long-Term Stability of the NIST Conical Reference Transducer SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acoustic emission; long term stability; PZT; reference transducer; transfer standard ID ACOUSTIC-EMISSION AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Conical Reference Transducer (CRT) is designed for purposes requiring frequency response characteristics much more uniform than those attainable with ultrasonic transducers conventionally used for acoustic emission (AE) nondestructive testing. The high performance of the CRT results from the use of design elements radically different from those of conventional transducers. The CRT was offered for sale for 15 years (1985 to 2000). Each CRT was furnished with data which expressed, as a function of frequency, the transducer sensitivity in volts per micrometer of normal displacement on the test block. Of the 22 transducers constructed, eight were reserved for long term research and were stored undisturbed in a laboratory with well controlled temperature and humidity. In 2009, the sensitivities of these eight units were redetermined. The 2009 data have been compared with data from similar tests conducted in 1985. The results of this comparison verify the claim "Results of tests of the long term stability of CRT characteristics indicate that, if proper care is taken, tens of years of service can reasonably be expected." made in the CRT specifications document furnished to prospective customers. C1 [Fick, Steven E.; Proctor, Thomas M.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fick, SE (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.fick@nist.gov; proctortp@starpower.net NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 116 IS 6 BP 821 EP 826 DI 10.6028/jres.116.024 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 881MK UT WOS:000299490600003 PM 26989602 ER PT J AU Afridi, M Montgomery, C Cooper-Balis, E Semancik, S Kreider, KG Geist, J AF Afridi, M. Montgomery, C. Cooper-Balis, E. Semancik, S. Kreider, K. G. Geist, J. TI Micro hotplate Temperature Sensor Calibration and BIST SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIST; calibration; microhotplate; platinum-rhodium; sensor; silicon; substrate; temperature; thermocouple AB In this paper we describe a novel long-term microhotplate temperature sensor calibration technique suitable for Built-In Self Test (BIST). The microhotplate thermal resistance (thermal efficiency) and the thermal voltage from an integrated platinum-rhodium thermocouple were calibrated against a freshly calibrated four-wire polysilicon microhotplate-heater temperature sensor (heater) that is not stable over long periods of time when exposed to higher temperatures. To stress the microhotplate, its temperature was raised to around 400 degrees C and held there for days. The heater was then recalibrated as a temperature sensor, and microhotplate temperature measurements were made based on the fresh calibration of the heater, the first calibration of the heater, the microhotplate thermal resistance, and the thermocouple voltage. This procedure was repeated 10 times over a period of 80 days. The results show that the heater calibration drifted substantially during the period of the test while the microhotplate thermal resistance and the thermocouple-voltage remained stable to within about plus or minus 1 degrees C over the same period. Therefore, the combination of a microhotplate heater-temperature sensor and either the microhotplate thermal resistance or an integrated thin film platinum-rhodium thermocouple can be used to provide a stable, calibrated, microhotplate-temperature sensor, and the combination of the three sensor is suitable for implementing BIST functionality. Alternatively, if a stable microhotplate-heater temperature sensor is available, such as a properly annealed platinum heater-temperature sensor, then the thermal resistance of the microhotplate and the electrical resistance of the platinum heater will be sufficient to implement BIST. It is also shown that aluminum- and polysilicon-based temperature sensors, which are not stable enough for measuring high microhotplate temperatures (>220 degrees C) without impractically frequent recalibration, can be used to measure the silicon substrate temperature if never exposed to temperatures above about 220 degrees C. C1 [Afridi, M.] NIST, Microelect Device Integrat Project, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Montgomery, C.; Semancik, S.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cooper-Balis, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Geist, J.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Afridi, M (reprint author), NIST, Microelect Device Integrat Project, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM afridi@nist.gov; christopher.montgomery@nist.gov; ecc17@umd.edu; stephen.semancik@nist.gov; jon.geist@nist.gov FU NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES); NIST Office of Microelectronics FX The authors of this paper would like to thank the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) and the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs (OMP) for supporting this work. The authors also wish to thank Miss Kathleen Schniebs for data acquisition and graph preparation for the substrate temperature measurements. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 116 IS 6 BP 827 EP 838 DI 10.6028/jres.116.025 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 881MK UT WOS:000299490600004 PM 26989603 ER PT J AU Rawson, N Quraishi, A Bruno, TJ AF Rawson, Nancy Quraishi, Ali Bruno, Thomas J. TI Findings and Recommendations From the Joint NIST-AGA Workshop on Odor Masking SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cross-adaptation; odorant conjugation; odorant masking; Zwaardemaker pair ID CROSS-ADAPTATION; OLFACTORY ADAPTATION; MIXTURES; PERCEPTION; COMPONENTS; SIMILARITY; HUMANS; IDENTIFICATION; ANDROSTENONE; IRRITATION AB Since the days of the alchemist, the observation that some substances have a smell while other substances do not has been a source of fascination. The sense of smell, or olfaction, is our least understood sense, however it is important for many human functions, including digestion, food selection and hazard avoidance. The detailed explanation of why individual chemicals (called odorants) might have a particular smell is still elusive. The situation with mixtures of odorants is even more complex and interesting. A number of distinct odorant mixture phenomena have been documented. Odorant suppression (sometimes called masking), conjugation (as described first by Zwaadermaker) and cross-adaptation are among a collection of such phenomena. They are related to the differential effects that one odorant species will have when mixed with another. Masking is a term that describes situations in which one odorant can overpower the sensation of another. There may be profound technological implications in a number of industrial sectors, most prominently in the fuel gas sector. Here, masking is suspected when the odorant that is added to natural gas can be detected by analytical instrumentation, but cannot be properly detected by an observer with a normal sense of smell. Note that this phenomenon is distinct from odor fade, which more properly describes a decrease in the concentration of an odorant rather than a decrease, disappearance or qualitative change in the perception of the odor in the absence of a change in absolute concentration. Anecdotal descriptions of masking events in the natural gas industry have persisted for over a decade, with the frequency of such events on the rise. Pursuant to the philosophy that the technological problem cannot be addressed until the basic science is understood, NIST, in collaboration with the American Gas Association (AGA), sponsored a workshop that brought together olfactory scientists and natural gas operations personnel in an effort to achieve a common understanding and identify critical research questions. This document is a summary of that workshop, and most importantly, a compendium of the findings and recommendations that resulted from the meeting. C1 [Rawson, Nancy] AFB Int, St Charles, MO 63304 USA. [Quraishi, Ali] Amer Gas Assoc, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rawson, N (reprint author), AFB Int, St Charles, MO 63304 USA. EM nrawson@afbinternational.com; AQuraishi@aga.org; bruno@boulder.nist.gov NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 116 IS 6 BP 839 EP 848 DI 10.6028/jres.116.026 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 881MK UT WOS:000299490600005 PM 26989604 ER PT J AU Bosse, AW AF Bosse, August W. TI Modeling the power spectrum of thermal line edge roughness in a lamellar diblock copolymer mesophase SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID ANISOTROPIC FLUCTUATIONS AB The authors examines a phenomenological expression for the thermal line edge roughness (LER) power spectrum in a lamellar diblock copolymer (DCP) that includes explicit contributions from interfacial fluctuations and bulk composition fluctuations. The author compares this equation to stochastic simulations of LER in a lamellar DCP, and it is demonstrated that the equation approximately fits the simulation data for weakly to moderately segregated DCPs. This equation will facilitate LER modeling in block copolymer directed self-assembly applications, and it can serve as the LER power spectrum model in a scattering-based LER metrology framework. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3644338] C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bosse, AW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM august.bosse@nist.gov FU Energy and Electronics Materials Group in the Polymers Division at NIST FX The author would like to thank Jack F. Douglas of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for helpful discussions. The author would also like to acknowledge the support of the members of the Energy and Electronics Materials Group in the Polymers Division at NIST. This work made use of the NIST Material Measurement Laboratory (MML) central computing resources in the MML Center for Theoretical and Computational Materials Science (CTCMS). NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV PY 2011 VL 29 IS 6 AR 06F202 DI 10.1116/1.3644338 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 868QO UT WOS:000298538800002 ER PT J AU Dana, K St Leger, JA AF Dana, Kerri St Leger, Judy A. TI Seabird and Dolphin Mortality Associated with Underwater Detonation Exercises SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE barotrauma; marine mammal; Navy; seabird; underwater explosion ID SAN-DIEGO; CALIFORNIA AB We report the details of two wildlife mortality events that were associated with underwater detonations. The detonations occurred as part of military training activities at Silver Strand Training Complex in San Diego, California. In March 2006, an underwater detonation resulted in 70 western grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) being killed by subsequent sequential detonations in the same training exercise. Ten of the 70 western grebes impacted were necropsied, verifying cause of death as primary blast injury. In March 2011, a time-delayed underwater detonation resulted in the death of three or possibly four long beaked common dolphins (Delphinus capensis). While these blast events were unlikely to impact these species on a population level, underwater detonations do have the potential for population level impacts on wildlife. Both events were accidental mortalities and the first ever documented from Navy underwater detonation training in Hawaii, Southern California, and along the U.S. East Coast. The Navy updated its underwater explosive mitigation measures after each of these mortality events to limit the potential of future mortalities by requiring sequential detonations to occur either less than 5 s or more than 30 min apart and by suspending time-delayed detonation training exercises until more robust precautionary measures can be developed. C1 [Dana, Kerri] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [St Leger, Judy A.] Sea World San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. RP Dana, K (reprint author), NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 3333 N Torrey Pines Ct, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Kerri.Danil@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 45 IS 6 BP 89 EP 95 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 881QF UT WOS:000299500500012 ER PT J AU Tai, CK Wagner, C AF Tai Chang-Kou Wagner, Carl TI Sampling errors of the global mean sea level derived from TOPEX/Poseidon altimetry SO ACTA OCEANOLOGICA SINICA LA English DT Article DE sea level; global warming; remote sensing; physical oceanography AB Sampling errors of the global mean sea level derived from TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) altimetry are explored using 3 1/4 a of eddy-resolving numerical model outputs for sea level. By definition, the sampling errors would not exist if data were available everywhere at all times. Four problems with increasing and progressively added complexities are examined to understand the causes of the sampling errors. The first problem (P1) explores the error incurred because T/P with turning latitudes near 66 degrees latitudes does not cover the entire globe. The second problem (P2) examines, in addition, the spatial sampling issue because samples are only available along T/P ground tracks. The third problem (P3) adds the additional complexity that sea level at any along track location is sampled only once every 10 d versus every 3 d for the model (i.e., the temporal sampling issue). The fourth problem (P4) incorporates the full complexity with the addition of real T/P data outages. The numerical model (Los Alamos POP model Run 11) conserves the total water volume, thus generating no global mean sea level variation. Yet when the model sea level is sampled in the four problems (with P4 using the real T/P sampling), variations occur as manifestations of the sampling errors. The results show root-mean-squares (rms) sampling errors for P1 of 0.67 (0.75) mm for 10 d (3 d) global mean sea level, 0.78 (0.86) mm for P2, 0.79 mm for P3, and 1.07 mm for P4, whereas the amplitudes of the sampling errors can be as large as 2.0 (2.7) mm for P1, 2.1 (2.7) mm for P2, 2.2 mm for P3, and 2.5 mm for P4. The results clearly show the largest source of the sampling errors to be the lack of global coverage (i.e., P1), which the model has actually underestimated due to its own less-than-global coverage (between latitudes about 77 degrees latitudes). We have extrapolated that a truly global model would show the rms sampling error to be 1.14 (1.28) mm for P1, thus implying a substantially larger sampling error for P4. C1 [Tai Chang-Kou; Wagner, Carl] NOAA, Natl Environm Stellite Data & Informat Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20746 USA. RP Tai, CK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Stellite Data & Informat Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20746 USA. EM CK.Tai@noaa.gov RI Tai, C.K./F-5628-2010 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0253-505X J9 ACTA OCEANOL SIN JI Acta Oceanol. Sin. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 30 IS 6 BP 12 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s13131-011-0156-x PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 860GL UT WOS:000297936700002 ER PT J AU Schaefer, AM Stavros, HCW Bossart, GD Fair, PA Goldstein, JD Reif, JS AF Schaefer, Adam M. Stavros, Hui-Chen W. Bossart, Gregory D. Fair, Patricia A. Goldstein, Juli D. Reif, John S. TI Associations Between Mercury and Hepatic, Renal, Endocrine, and Hematological Parameters in Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) Along the Eastern Coast of Florida and South Carolina SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; THYROID-HORMONES; SELENIUM DEFICIENCY; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SARASOTA BAY; HEAVY-METALS; LIVER; ACCUMULATION; CHLORIDE; METHYLMERCURY AB We evaluated associations between total mercury (Hg) concentrations in blood and skin and endocrine, hepatic, renal, and hematological parameters in free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Dolphins in Indian River Lagoon, FL had higher concentrations of Hg in blood (0.67 mu g/l wet wt) and skin (7.24 mu g/g dry wt) compared with those from Charleston Harbor, SC (0.15 mu g/l wet wt, 1.68 mu g/g dry wt). An inverse relationship was observed between blood and skin Hg concentrations and total thyroxine, triiodothyronine, absolute numbers of lymphocytes, eosinophils, and platelets. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), blood urea nitrogen, and gamma-glutamyl transferase increased with increasing concentrations of Hg in blood and skin; lactate dehydrogenase and neutrophils increased with concentrations in skin only. Hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin increased with increasing concentrations of Hg in blood. Selenium was negatively associated with free T4, progesterone, and absolute numbers of monocytes, and positively correlated with absolute numbers of eosinophils and lymphocytes, and mean corpuscular volume. The results suggest the potential for a deleterious effect of Hg in highly exposed dolphins. C1 [Schaefer, Adam M.; Bossart, Gregory D.; Goldstein, Juli D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Stavros, Hui-Chen W.; Fair, Patricia A.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, NOS, Charleston, SC 29142 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. [Reif, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Schaefer, AM (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, 5600 US 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM aschaefer@hboi.fau.edu FU NOAA; NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; Florida Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate Fund FX The Bottlenose Dolphin Health and Risk Assessment Project (HERA) project is a collaboration between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the National Ocean Service Center for Coastal; Environmental and Bimolecular Research, and the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution (HBOI) at Florida Atlantic University. We would like to thank all of the researchers, NOAA, Steve McCulloch, HBOI staff, veterinarians, and volunteers who helped make the heath assessments possible. We would also like to thank Wayne McFee for the dolphin age analysis. HERA was conducted under National Fisheries permit no. 998-1698 issued to Dr. Gregory Bossart of Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution. Financial support was provided by the NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program, NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, and the Florida Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate Fund. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 61 IS 4 BP 688 EP 695 DI 10.1007/s00244-011-9651-5 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 868CG UT WOS:000298500700015 PM 21340575 ER PT J AU Allan, R Brohan, P Compo, GP Stone, R Luterbacher, J Bronnimann, S AF Allan, Rob Brohan, Philip Compo, Gilbert P. Stone, Roger Luterbacher, Juerg Broennimann, Stefan TI The International Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth (ACRE) Initiative SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID REANALYSIS; ASSIMILATION C1 [Allan, Rob; Brohan, Philip] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Compo, Gilbert P.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Clin Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Compo, Gilbert P.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Stone, Roger] Univ So Queensland, Australian Ctr Sustainable Catchments, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. [Luterbacher, Juerg] Univ Giessen, Dept Geog, D-35390 Giessen, Germany. [Broennimann, Stefan] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. RP Allan, R (reprint author), Met Off Hadley Ctr, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. EM rob.allan@metoffice.gov.uk OI COMPO, GILBERT/0000-0001-5199-9633; Bronnimann, Stefan/0000-0001-9502-7991 NR 7 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 92 IS 11 BP 1421 EP 1425 DI 10.1175/2011BAMS3218.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 863ZA UT WOS:000298205600007 ER PT J AU Van Cooten, S Kelleher, KE Howard, K Zhang, J Gourley, JJ Kain, JS Nemunaitis-Monroe, K Flamig, Z Moser, H Arthur, A Langston, C Kolar, R Hong, Y Dresback, K Tromble, E Vergara, H Luettich, RA Blanton, B Lander, H Galluppi, K Losego, JP Blain, CA Thigpen, J Mosher, K Figurskey, D Moneypenny, M Blaes, J Orrock, J Bandy, R Goodall, C Kelley, JGW Greenlaw, J Wengren, M Eslinger, D Payne, J Olmi, G Feldt, J Schmidt, J Hamill, T Bacon, R Stickney, R Spence, L AF Van Cooten, Suzanne Kelleher, Kevin E. Howard, Kenneth Zhang, Jian Gourley, Jonathan J. Kain, John S. Nemunaitis-Monroe, Kodi Flamig, Zac Moser, Heather Arthur, Ami Langston, Carrie Kolar, Randall Hong, Yang Dresback, Kendra Tromble, Evan Vergara, Humberto Luettich, Richard A., Jr. Blanton, Brian Lander, Howard Galluppi, Ken Losego, Jessica Proud Blain, Cheryl Ann Thigpen, Jack Mosher, Katie Figurskey, Darin Moneypenny, Michael Blaes, Jonathan Orrock, Jeff Bandy, Rich Goodall, Carin Kelley, John G. W. Greenlaw, Jason Wengren, Micah Eslinger, Dave Payne, Jeff Olmi, Geno Feldt, John Schmidt, John Hamill, Todd Bacon, Robert Stickney, Robert Spence, Lundie TI THE CI-FLOW PROJECT A System for Total Water Level Prediction from the Summit to the Sea SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-WEATHER-SERVICE; 3RD-GENERATION WAVE MODEL; COASTAL REGIONS; REAL-TIME; PROGRAM; RIVER; WIND; VALIDATION; PRESSURE; PLANS AB The objective of the Coastal and Inland Flooding Observation and Warning (CI-FLOW) project is to prototype new hydrometeorologic techniques to address a critical NOAA service gap: routine total water level predictions for tidally influenced watersheds. Since February 2000, the project has focused on developing a coupled modeling system to accurately account for water at all locations in a coastal watershed by exchanging data between atmospheric, hydrologic, and hydrodynamic models. These simulations account for the quantity of water associated with waves, tides, storm surge, rivers, and rainfall, including interactions at the tidal/surge interface. Within this project, CI-FLOW addresses the following goals: i) apply advanced weather and oceanographic monitoring and prediction techniques to the coastal environment; ii) prototype an automated hydrometeorologic data collection and prediction system; iii) facilitate interdisciplinary and multiorganizational collaborations; and iv) enhance techniques and technologies that improve actionable hydrologic/hydrodynamic information to reduce the impacts of coastal flooding. Results are presented for Hurricane Isabel (2003), Hurricane Earl (2010), and Tropical Storm Nicole (2010) for the Tar-Pamlico and Neuse River basins of North Carolina. This area was chosen, in part, because of the tremendous damage inflicted by Hurricanes Dennis and Floyd (1999). The vision is to transition CI-FLOW research findings and tethnologies to other U.S. coastal watersheds. (Page 1427) C1 [Nemunaitis-Monroe, Kodi; Flamig, Zac; Moser, Heather; Arthur, Ami; Langston, Carrie] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kolar, Randall; Hong, Yang; Dresback, Kendra; Tromble, Evan; Vergara, Humberto] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Luettich, Richard A., Jr.] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC USA. [Blanton, Brian; Lander, Howard; Galluppi, Ken; Losego, Jessica Proud] Univ N Carolina, RENCI, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Blain, Cheryl Ann] USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Thigpen, Jack; Mosher, Katie] N Carolina Sea Grant, Raleigh, NC USA. [Figurskey, Darin; Moneypenny, Michael; Blaes, Jonathan; Orrock, Jeff] NOAA NWS Forecast Off, Raleigh, NC USA. [Bandy, Rich; Goodall, Carin] NOAA NWS Forecast Off, Newport, NC USA. [Kelley, John G. W.; Greenlaw, Jason; Wengren, Micah] NOAA NOS Coast Survey Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Eslinger, Dave; Payne, Jeff; Olmi, Geno] NOAA CSC, Charleston, SC USA. [Feldt, John; Schmidt, John; Hamill, Todd] NOAA NWS SE River Forecast Ctr, Peachtree City, GA USA. [Bacon, Robert] S Carolina Sea Grant, Charleston, SC USA. [Stickney, Robert] Texas Sea Grant, College Stn, TX USA. [Spence, Lundie] Ctr Ocean Sci Educ Excellence SE, Charleston, SC USA. [Van Cooten, Suzanne; Kelleher, Kevin E.; Howard, Kenneth; Zhang, Jian; Gourley, Jonathan J.; Kain, John S.; Nemunaitis-Monroe, Kodi; Flamig, Zac; Moser, Heather; Arthur, Ami; Langston, Carrie] NOAA NSSL, Norman, OK USA. RP Van Cooten, S (reprint author), NSSL, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM suzanne.van.cooten@noaa.gov RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Kelleher, Kevin/L-6520-2015; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 FU Department of Homeland Security, Center of Excellence [2008-ST-061-ND0001-02]; NOAA IOOS [NA07NOS4730212]; NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce; NSSL FX The CI-FLOW project would not have been possible without the pioneering discussions between NSSL and NOAA Sea Grant. Thanks to the members of the vision team: Ron Baird, director of NOAA Sea Grant (retired), and James Kimpel, director of NSSL (retired). Additional thanks go to our advocates and funding sponsors, including Andy Shepherd of NOAA's National Undersea Research Program, NOAA in the Carolinas, the NOAA Southeast and Caribbean Regional Team, and NOAA's CSC. Support for ADCIRC was provided, in part, through the Department of Homeland Security, Center of Excellence Contract 2008-ST-061-ND0001-02, the NOAA IOOS Program through Contract NA07NOS4730212, the Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies' cooperative agreement funding by NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227 U.S. Department of Commerce, and NSSL, which the authors gratefully acknowledge. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the funding agencies. The authors also appreciate the comments and suggestions from three anonymous reviewers, which improved the structure of this manuscript. NR 68 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 92 IS 11 BP 1427 EP + DI 10.1175/2011BAMS3150.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 863ZA UT WOS:000298205600008 ER PT J AU Diaz, HF Trigo, R Hughes, MK Mann, ME Xoplaki, E Barriopedro, D AF Diaz, Henry F. Trigo, Ricardo Hughes, Malcolm K. Mann, Michael E. Xoplaki, Elena Barriopedro, David TI SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CLIMATE IN MEDIEVAL TIMES REVISITED SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS; SOLAR-CYCLE MODULATION; PAST 1000 YEARS; LAST MILLENNIUM; TROPICAL PACIFIC; WARM PERIOD; TRANSIENT SIMULATIONS; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; AMERICAN DROUGHT AB Developing accurate reconstructions of past climate regimes and enhancing our understanding of the causal factors that may have contributed to their occurrence is important for a number of reasons; these include improvements in the attribution of climate change to natural and anthropogenic forcing, gaining a better appreciation for the range and magnitude of low-frequency variability and previous climatic regimes in comparison with the modern instrumental period, and developing greater insights into the relationship between human society and climatic changes. This paper examine up-to-date evidence regarding the characteristics of the climate in medieval times (A.D. 950-1400). Long and high-resolution climate proxy records reported in the scientific literature, which form the basis for the climate reconstructions, have greatly expanded in the last few decades, with greater numbers of sites that now cover more areas of the globe. Some comparisons with the modern climate record and discussion of potential mechanisms associated with the patterns of medieval climate are presented here, but our main goal is to provide the reader with some appreciation of the richness of past natural climate variability in terms of its spatial and temporal characteristics. (Page 1487) C1 [Diaz, Henry F.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Diaz, Henry F.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Trigo, Ricardo; Barriopedro, David] Univ Lisbon, Lab IDL, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Hughes, Malcolm K.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ USA. [Mann, Michael E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Xoplaki, Elena] Univ Bern, Inst Geog, Bern, Switzerland. [Xoplaki, Elena] Univ Giessen, Dept Geog, Giessen, Germany. RP Diaz, HF (reprint author), NOAA CIRES, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM henry.f.diaz@noaa.gov RI Barriopedro, David/C-1421-2008; Trigo, Ricardo/B-7044-2008; Hughes, Malcolm/F-3350-2014; Mann, Michael/B-8472-2017 OI Barriopedro, David/0000-0001-6476-944X; Trigo, Ricardo/0000-0002-4183-9852; Hughes, Malcolm/0000-0003-1062-3167; Mann, Michael/0000-0003-3067-296X FU Climate Program Office at the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; International Geosphere Biosphere, Past Global Changes (PAGES) Program Office in Bern, Switzerland.; Luso-American Foundation (FLAD); Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT); MEDIATIC [PTDC/AAC-CLI/103361/208] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Climate Program Office at the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the International Geosphere Biosphere, Past Global Changes (PAGES) Program Office in Bern, Switzerland. We are also grateful for the support of the Luso-American Foundation (FLAD), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, and the Institut Dom Luiz, University of Lisbon for their help in conducting the symposium that set the background for this assessment. Ricardo Trigo and David Barriopedro received support from Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) with project MEDIATIC (PTDC/AAC-CLI/103361/208). We also acknowledge the helpful reviews provided by R. Seager and an anonymous reviewer and thank H. Goosse for kindly making available to us one of the figures. NR 106 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 45 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 92 IS 11 BP 1487 EP + DI 10.1175/2011BAMS-D-10-05003.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 863ZA UT WOS:000298205600011 ER PT J AU Huang, XL Zhang, JZ AF Huang, Xiao-Lan Zhang, Jia-Zhong TI Phosphorus sorption on marine carbonate sediment: Phosphonate as Model Organic Compounds SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Phosphonate; Phosphorus; Marine sediment; Seawater; Sorption; Phosphate ID COMPETITIVE SORPTION; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; MINERAL PHASES; PHOSPHATE; SOILS; ADSORPTION; GLYPHOSATE; ACID; MATTER; ORGANOPHOSPHONATES AB Organophosphonate, characterized by the presence of a stable, covalent, carbon to phosphorus (C-P) bond, is a group of synthetic or biogenic organophosphorus compounds. The fate of these organic phosphorus compounds in the environment is not well studied. This study presents the first investigation on the sorption of phosphorus (P) in the presence of two model phosphonate compounds, 2-aminothylphosphonoic acid (2-AEP) and phosphonoformic acid (PFA), on marine carbonate sediments. In contrast to other organic P compounds, no significant inorganic phosphate exchange was observed in seawater. P was found to adsorb on the sediment only in the presence of PFA, not 2-AEP. This indicated that sorption of P from phosphonate on marine sediment was compound specific. Compared with inorganic phosphate sorption on the same sediments, P sorption from organic phosphorus is much less in the marine environment. Further study is needed to understand the potential role of the organophosphonate compounds in biogeochemical cycle of phosphorus in the environment. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Huang, Xiao-Lan; Zhang, Jia-Zhong] NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Huang, Xiao-Lan] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Huang, XL (reprint author), Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, 46 E Hollister St, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. EM xiaolan.huang@ymail.com RI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008; Huang, XiaoLan/G-6306-2012; Huang (黄), Xiao-Lan (晓澜)/E-9159-2010 OI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556; Huang (黄), Xiao-Lan (晓澜)/0000-0002-3330-4858 FU NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research, South Florida; Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS); University of Miami; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA67RJ0149] FX Financial support for this study was provided by NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research, South Florida Program to JZZ. This research was carried out, in part, under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a joint institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, cooperative agreement #NA67RJ0149. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the US Department of Commerce. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD NOV PY 2011 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1227 EP 1232 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.07.016 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 873HS UT WOS:000298872300003 PM 21855107 ER PT J AU McGray, CD Allen, RA Cangemi, M Geist, J AF McGray, Craig D. Allen, Richard A. Cangemi, Marc Geist, Jon TI Rectangular scale-similar etch pits in monocrystalline diamond SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Diamond; Monocrystalline diamond; Crystallographic etching; Anisotropic etching; Oxidation; Micromachining; MEMS ID CVD DIAMOND AB Etching of monocrystalline diamond in oxygen and water vapor at 1100 degrees C through small pores in a silicon nitride film produced smooth-walled rectangular cavities. The cavities were imaged by electron microscopy and measured by interferometric microscopy. The observed cavities ranged in width from approximately 1 mu m up to 72 mu m, in each case exhibiting smooth, vertical sidewalls, a flat bottom, and a depth equal to half its width. Cavity boundaries were determined to lie along slow-etching {100} crystallographic planes, suggesting the possibility of a powerful class of techniques for high-aspect-ratio bulk micromachining of diamond. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McGray, Craig D.; Allen, Richard A.; Geist, Jon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond Elec Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Allen, Richard A.] SEMATECH, Enablement Ctr 3D, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP McGray, CD (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr,MS 6830, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.mcgray@nist.gov OI Geist, Jon/0000-0001-7749-318X NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1363 EP 1365 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2011.08.007 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 868GX UT WOS:000298512800012 ER PT J AU Ballou, S Gilliland, RG AF Ballou, Susan Gilliland, Rhesa G. TI Emerging paper standards in computer forensics SO DIGITAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Computer forensics; Paper standards; Standard practice; Education and training; Forensic Digital Image Processing AB Standards related to computer forensics are being developed to help scientists perform their work effectively. This article describes different types of standards and describes the work of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) in this area. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ballou, Susan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ballou, S (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM susan.ballou@nist.gov; rhesa.g.gillliland@usdoj.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-2876 J9 DIGIT INVEST JI Digit. Investig. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 8 IS 2 BP 96 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.diin.2011.05.017 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 863FX UT WOS:000298149300003 ER PT J AU Hestekin, CN Lin, JS Senderowicz, L Jakupciak, JP O'Connell, C Rademaker, A Barron, AE AF Hestekin, Christa N. Lin, Jennifer S. Senderowicz, Lionel Jakupciak, John P. O'Connell, Catherine Rademaker, Alfred Barron, Annelise E. TI Blinded study determination of high sensitivity and specificity microchip electrophoresis-SSCP/HA to detect mutations in the p53 gene SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE Blinded; HA; Microchip electrophoresis; SSCP ID STRAND CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM; CAPILLARY ARRAY ELECTROPHORESIS; HETERODUPLEX ANALYSIS; POLYMORPHISM/HETERODUPLEX ANALYSIS; SAMPLE PREPARATION; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; RAPID DETECTION; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; CANCER AB Knowledge of the genetic changes that lead to disease has grown and continues to grow at a rapid pace. However, there is a need for clinical devices that can be used routinely to translate this knowledge into the treatment of patients. Use in a clinical setting requires high sensitivity and specificity (>97%) in order to prevent misdiagnoses. Single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) and heteroduplex analysis (HA) are two DNA-based, complementary methods for mutation detection that are inexpensive and relatively easy to implement. However, both methods are most commonly detected by slab gel electrophoresis, which can be labor-intensive, time-consuming, and often the methods are unable to produce high sensitivity and specificity without the use of multiple analysis conditions. Here, we demonstrate the first blinded study using microchip electrophoresis (ME)-SSCP/HA. We demonstrate the ability of ME-SSCP/HA to detect with 98% sensitivity and specificity >100 samples from the p53 gene exons 5-9 in a blinded study in an analysis time of <10 min. C1 [Hestekin, Christa N.; Senderowicz, Lionel; Barron, Annelise E.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Jakupciak, John P.; O'Connell, Catherine] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rademaker, Alfred] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Preventat Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Barron, AE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Bioengn, 318 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM aebarron@stanford.edu FU US Army USAMRMC [DAMD17-00-1-0386]; NCI IMAT [R21/R33, 1R21CA92752-01]; Northwestern University; Avon Foundation at The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University FX The auhtors thank Dr. Cheuk Wai Kan for preparing and characterizing the poly-N-hydroxyethylacrylamide and for building the high-pressure polymer loading device. We would like to thank Dr. Thomas N. Chiesl for his work in setting up the ME system. The authors acknowledge funding support from US Army USAMRMC Grant# DAMD17-00-1-0386#, NCI IMAT R21/R33 Grant 1R21CA92752-01, Northwestern University's Breast Cancer SPORE and The Avon Foundation Breast Cancer Care and Research Program at The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD NOV PY 2011 VL 32 IS 21 BP 2921 EP 2929 DI 10.1002/elps.201100396 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 862NX UT WOS:000298101000001 PM 22002021 ER PT J AU Lee, TK Adornato, B Filipi, ZS AF Lee, Tae-Kyung Adornato, Brian Filipi, Zoran S. TI Synthesis of Real-World Driving Cycles and Their Use for Estimating PHEV Energy Consumption and Charging Opportunities: Case Study for Midwest/US SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Markov chain; naturalistic driving cycle; plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV); statistical methodology; stochastic process; synthesis; validation ID HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES; POWER MANAGEMENT AB This paper analyzes plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) behavior, its impact on the electric grid, and possible charging opportunities using representative synthetic cycles with the consideration of daily driving schedules. The representative naturalistic cycles are synthesized through a stochastic process utilizing transition probability matrices extracted from naturalistic driving data collected in the Midwest region of the United States. The representativeness of the cycles is achieved through the subsequent statistical analysis. The distributions of the departure/arrival time and the rest time, analyzed from the real-world data at the key locations, complete the picture to analyze vehicle daily missions and the PHEV impact on the grid. PHEV simulation is used to determine the battery state of charge (SOC) distribution upon arrival. The results for typical locations such as residential, work, large business, and small business allow the assessment of the PHEV impact on the grid and possible charging opportunities during daily missions. C1 [Lee, Tae-Kyung; Filipi, Zoran S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Adornato, Brian] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Lee, TK (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM kteel@umich.edu; brianado@umich.edu; filipi@umich.edu NR 26 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9545 J9 IEEE T VEH TECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 60 IS 9 BP 4153 EP 4163 DI 10.1109/TVT.2011.2168251 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA 860JZ UT WOS:000297945900006 ER PT J AU Braje, TJ Rick, TC Erlandson, JM Anderson, M DeLong, RL AF Braje, Todd J. Rick, Torben C. Erlandson, Jon M. Anderson, Megan DeLong, Robert L. TI Conflicts in natural and cultural resource management: Archaeological site disturbances by seals and sea lions on California's Northern Channel Islands SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE seals; sea lions; coastal erosion; archaeological conservation; Channel Islands ID SAN-MIGUEL ISLAND; AQUATIC ADAPTATIONS; SOUTH-AFRICA; EROSION; COAST; SETTLEMENT; PACIFIC; AMERICA AB California's Channel Islands currently have around 150,000 breeding seals and sea lions (pinnipeds). Driven to near extinction by 20th-century exploitation, many pinniped populations have recovered dramatically under federal and state management and continue to expand in number and distribution. Some of these pinniped populations are damaging or destroying coastal archaeological sites as they establish new breeding and haul-out areas-places occupied between periods of foraging activity-on upland landforms. We use archaeological excavations from a prehistoric village on San Miguel Island to illustrate the adverse effects pinnipeds can have on archaeological sites. Estimates based on excavations at Otter Point suggest that in one year nearly 10,000 kg of shellfish remains, 840,000 animal bones, and 1700 formal artifacts were lost to erosion caused by the activities of seals and sea lions. Our study documents potential conflicts between natural and cultural resource management suggesting the need for collaborative efforts between archaeologists and biologists to balance the conservation of both resources. C1 [Braje, Todd J.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Anthropol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Rick, Torben C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Erlandson, Jon M.] Univ Oregon, Museum Nat & Cultural Hist, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Anderson, Megan] Humboldt State Univ, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [DeLong, Robert L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Calif Current Ecosyst Program, Seattle, WA USA. RP Braje, TJ (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Anthropol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM tbraje@mail.sdsu.edu OI Erlandson, Jon/0000-0002-4705-4319 NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0093-4690 J9 J FIELD ARCHAEOL JI J. Field Archaeol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 36 IS 4 BP 312 EP 321 DI 10.1179/009346911X13200731373863 PG 10 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 863DX UT WOS:000298144100005 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Pedlosky, J Flierl, GR AF Zhang, Yu Pedlosky, Joseph Flierl, Glenn R. TI Cross-Shelf and Out-of-Bay Transport Driven by an Open-Ocean Current SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; SLOPE FRONT; CIRCULATION; EDDIES; BOUNDARY; MEANDERS; WAVES; MODEL; JET AB This paper studies the interaction of an Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC)-like wind-driven channel flow with a continental slope and a flat-bottomed bay-shaped shelf near the channel's southern boundary. Interaction between the model ACC and the topography in the second layer induces local changes of the potential vorticity (PV) flux, which further causes the formation of a first-layer PV front near the base of the topography. Located between the ACC and the first-layer slope, the newly formed PV front is constantly perturbed by the ACC and in turn forces the first-layer slope with its own variability in an intermittent but persistent way. The volume transport of the slope water across the first-layer slope edge is mostly directly driven by eddies and meanders of the new front, and its magnitude is similar to the maximum Ekman transport in the channel. Near the bay's opening, the effect of the topographic waves, excited by offshore variability, dominates the cross-isobath exchange and induces a mean clockwise shelf circulation. The waves' propagation is only toward the west and tends to be blocked by the bay's western boundary in the narrow-shelf region. The ensuing wave-coast interaction amplifies the wave amplitude and the cross-shelf transport. Because the interaction only occurs near the western boundary, the shelf water in the west of the bay is more readily carried offshore than that in the east and the mean shelf circulation is also intensified along the bay's western boundary. C1 [Zhang, Yu; Pedlosky, Joseph] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Flierl, Glenn R.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), GFDL Princeton Univ, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM yuz@princeton.edu FU MIT-WHOI; NSF [OCE-9901654, OCE-0451086] FX We thank Dr. Robert Hallberg for helping us with HIM. Y. Zhang acknowledges the support of the MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Physical Oceanography and NSF OCE-9901654 and OCE-0451086. J. Pedlosky acknowledges the support of NSF OCE-9901654 and OCE-0451086. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 41 IS 11 BP 2168 EP 2186 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-11-08.1 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 861LO UT WOS:000298020600009 ER PT J AU Yeo, D Simiu, E AF Yeo, DongHun Simiu, Emil TI High-Rise Reinforced Concrete Structures: Database-Assisted Design for Wind SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Database-assisted design (DAD); Mean recurrence interval; Reinforced concrete; Time-domain analysis; Wind effects AB Advances in wind pressure measurement and computer technology have made time-domain analyses of wind effects on high-rise structures possible in recent years. Time-domain solutions use aerodynamic and wind climatological databases and provide full phase information on wind-induced response that is lost in the frequency-domain approach; therefore, they can account rigorously for the superposed effects of any number of modes of vibration of any shape; for mode coupling; for wind directionality effects; and for the joint contributions of axial forces, bending moments, and shear forces in interaction equations used for structural design. Unlike the frequency-domain approach, in the time-domain approach, the process of determining wind effects and the structural design process, referred to jointly as database-assisted design (DAD), are integrated, transparent, and fully auditable. The objective of this study is to present the DAD approach as applied to high-rise reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. Given the time histories of pressures, measured in the wind tunnel at a sufficient number of taps on the exterior faces of the building envelope for a sufficient number of mean speed directions and a preliminary design of the building, the structural engineer can calculate, as functions of wind speed and direction: (1) demand-to-capacity indexes for any number of members and cross sections, (2) interstory drift, (3) and top floor accelerations. These responses are properties of the structure independent of the wind climate, and constitute response databases used in conjunction with a wind climatological database to obtain the requisite wind effects for any specified mean recurrence interval. The design, which accounts for both wind and gravity effects, is performed iteratively until the design specifications are satisfied. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000394. (C) 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Yeo, DongHun; Simiu, Emil] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yeo, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM donghun.yeo@nist.gov NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 13 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD NOV PY 2011 VL 137 IS 11 BP 1340 EP 1349 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000394 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 864OB UT WOS:000298248400011 ER PT J AU Simiu, E Bitsuamlak, G Chowdhury, AG Li, RL Tecle, A Yeo, D AF Simiu, Emil Bitsuamlak, Girma Chowdhury, Arindam Gan Li, Ruilong Tecle, Amanuel Yeo, DongHun TI Testing of Residential Homes under Wind Loads SO NATURAL HAZARDS REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Aerodynamics; Low-rise structures; Residential buildings; Wall of Wind; Wind engineering; Wind tunnels ID NIST AERODYNAMIC DATABASE; UWO CONTRIBUTION; LOW BUILDINGS AB Aerodynamic testing of low-rise structures is fraught with difficulties that can be the cause of large measurement errors, resulting in the underestimation of aerodynamic pressures by a factor of as much as two. The errors are primarily attributable to the inadequate knowledge and simulation of wind flows affecting low-rise buildings, especially residential homes in suburban environments. A type of aerodynamic testing of sufficiently small low-rise structures is explored that does not entail the simulation of the turbulence intensity and integral turbulence scales. That type of testing would offer several advantages: eliminating a major cause of discrepancies among measurements conducted in different laboratories, allowing the use of larger model scales, and allowing testing in both typical commercial wind tunnels and in open jet facilities of the Wall of Wind (WoW) type. Preliminary tests based on data obtained at the University of Western Ontario wind tunnel and the Florida International University large-scale six-fan WoW facility suggest that the proposed type of testing yields systematically conservative results for the specialized type of measurements considered herein. In most cases, but not all, the degree of conservatism is modest. The results appear to be of sufficient interest to warrant additional research. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000034. (C) 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Bitsuamlak, Girma; Chowdhury, Arindam Gan; Li, Ruilong; Tecle, Amanuel] Florida Int Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Chowdhury, Arindam Gan] Florida Int Univ, Lab Wind Engn Res, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Simiu, Emil; Yeo, DongHun] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20988 USA. RP Chowdhury, AG (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM emil.simiu@nist.gov; bitsuamg@fiu.edu; chowdhur@fiu.edu; rli001@fiu.edu; amanseb2007@hotmail.com; donghun.yeo@nist.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1527-6988 J9 NAT HAZARDS REV JI Nat. Hazards Rev. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 12 IS 4 SI SI BP 166 EP 170 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000034 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Studies; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 864OL UT WOS:000298249400003 ER PT J AU Boulanger, B Cundiff, ST Gauthier, DJ Karlsson, M Lu, YQ Norwood, RA Skryabin, D Taira, T AF Boulanger, Benoit Cundiff, Steven T. Gauthier, Daniel J. Karlsson, Magnus Lu, Yan-qing Norwood, Robert A. Skryabin, Dmitry Taira, Takunori TI Focus issue introduction: nonlinear optics SO OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS LA English DT Editorial Material ID WAVE-GUIDE ARRAYS; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; LASER; MODULATION; DISPERSION; RADIATION; FIBER AB It is now fifty years since the original observation of second harmonic generation ushered in the field of nonlinear optics, close on the heels of the invention of the laser. This feature issue celebrates this anniversary with papers that span the range from new nonlinear optical materials, through the increasingly novel methods that have been developed for phase matching, to emerging areas such as nonlinear metamaterials and plasmonic enhancement of optical properties. It is clear that the next fifty years of nonlinear optics will witness a proliferation of new applications with increasing technological impact. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Boulanger, Benoit] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Inst Neel, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gauthier, Daniel J.] Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Gauthier, Daniel J.] Duke Univ, Fitzpatrick Inst Photon, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Karlsson, Magnus] Chalmers, Photon Lab, Dept Microtechnol & Nanosci, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Lu, Yan-qing] Nanjing Univ, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yan-qing] Nanjing Univ, Natl Lab Solid State Microstruct, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Norwood, Robert A.] Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Skryabin, Dmitry] Univ Bath, Dept Phys, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Taira, Takunori] Laser Res Ctr, Inst Mol Sci, Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan. RP Boulanger, B (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Inst Neel, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RI Karlsson, Magnus/J-5723-2014 OI Karlsson, Magnus/0000-0002-2438-2491 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2159-3930 J9 OPT MATER EXPRESS JI Opt. Mater. Express PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 1 IS 7 BP 1393 EP 1398 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 875QP UT WOS:000299049200027 ER PT J AU Downs, CA Woodley, CM Fauth, JE Knutson, S Burtscher, MM May, LA Avadanei, AR Higgins, JL Ostrander, GK AF Downs, Craig A. Woodley, Cheryl M. Fauth, John E. Knutson, Sean Burtscher, Martina Maria May, Lisa A. Avadanei, Athena R. Higgins, Julie L. Ostrander, Gary K. TI A survey of environmental pollutants and cellular-stress markers of Porites astreoides at six sites in St. John, US Virgin Islands SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cellular stress; Coral; Environmental pollutants; Stress-markers ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; CORAL-REEF HEALTH; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MOLECULAR CHAPERONES; FLORIDA-KEYS; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY; INDICATOR; DECLINES; EXPOSURE AB Coral communities along the coast of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands have exhibited site-specific behavior in declines. In order to determine if these specific coral communities are stressed and whether a pollutant or environmental factor present at this site is a probable stressor, we surveyed six near-shore coral communities in St. John, USVI for environmental pollutants and to determine the cellular physiological condition of the coral, Porites astreoides. The six sites within St. John are Cruz Bay, Caneel Bay, Hawksnest Bay, Trunk Bay, Tektite Reef in Beehive Bay, and Red Point. Red Point was considered the reference site because of its abundance and diversity of species, and it was the furthest removed from down-stream and down-current anthropogenic activities. All sites showed distinct cellular-stress marker patterns, indicating that the physiological condition of each population was different. Populations at Cruz, Hawksnest, Trunk, and Tektite were stressed, as indicated by high levels of DNA lesions and expression of stress proteins. Hawksnest and Tektite were contaminated with polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), while Cruz was contaminated with semi-volatile organochlorines and nitrogen-based biocides. At least for Hawksnest and Tektite, stress-marker patterns were consistent with an exposure to PAHs. Fecal coliform levels were high in Cruz and Trunk, indicating fecal contamination, as well as consideration for management action. Results from this study serve as a justification for a more thorough and methodical investigation into the stressors responsible for declines of coral populations within St. John. Furthermore, this study supports the argument for the importance of local factors contributing to regional coral reef declines; that not all forces impacting coral are global. C1 [Woodley, Cheryl M.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NOS CCEHBR Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Downs, Craig A.] Haereticus Environm Lab, Clifford, VA 24533 USA. [Downs, Craig A.] Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Off Publ Hlth Studies, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Fauth, John E.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Knutson, Sean; Ostrander, Gary K.] Univ Hawaii, Pacific Biomed Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Burtscher, Martina Maria] Univ Highlands and Islands, N Highland Coll, Environm Res Inst, Thurso KW14 7JD, Scotland. [May, Lisa A.; Avadanei, Athena R.; Higgins, Julie L.] JHT Inc Contractor Natl Oceanic & Atmospheric Adm, NOS CCEHBR Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Woodley, CM (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NOS CCEHBR Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM cheryl.woodley@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD NOV PY 2011 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1914 EP 1931 DI 10.1007/s10646-011-0729-7 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 869FM UT WOS:000298582500018 PM 21735126 ER PT J AU Zhang, XB Alexander, L Hegerl, GC Jones, P Tank, AK Peterson, TC Trewin, B Zwiers, FW AF Zhang, Xuebin Alexander, Lisa Hegerl, Gabriele C. Jones, Philip Tank, Albert Klein Peterson, Thomas C. Trewin, Blair Zwiers, Francis W. TI Indices for monitoring changes in extremes based on daily temperature and precipitation data SO WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Review ID DAILY CLIMATE EXTREMES; BRAZILIAN AMAZON BASIN; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; SOUTH-AMERICA; RAINY-SEASON; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; INTENSE PRECIPITATION; MODEL SIMULATIONS; REGIONAL CLIMATE; OBSERVED TRENDS AB Indices for climate variability and extremes have been used for a long time, often by assessing days with temperature or precipitation observations above or below specific physically-based thresholds. While these indices provided insight into local conditions, few physically based thresholds have relevance in all parts of the world. Therefore, indices of extremes evolved over time and now often focus on relative thresholds that describe features in the tails of the distributions of meteorological variables. In order to help understand how extremes are changing globally, a subset of the wide range of possible indices is now being coordinated internationally which allows the results of studies from different parts of the world to fit together seamlessly. This paper reviews these as well as other indices of extremes and documents the obstacles to robustly calculating and analyzing indices and the methods developed to overcome these obstacles. Gridding indices are necessary in order to compare observations with climate model output. However, gridding indices from daily data are not always straightforward because averaging daily information from many stations tends to dampen gridded extremes. The paper describes recent progress in attribution of the changes in gridded indices of extremes that demonstrates human influence on the probability of extremes. The paper also describes model projections of the future and wraps up with a discussion of ongoing efforts to refine indices of extremes as they are being readied to contribute to the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report. (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Zhang, Xuebin] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Alexander, Lisa] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Alexander, Lisa] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Hegerl, Gabriele C.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Jones, Philip] Univ E Anglia, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Jones, Philip] King Abdulaziz Univ, Ctr Excellence Climate Change Res, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [Tank, Albert Klein] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Peterson, Thomas C.] NOAA, Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Trewin, Blair] Australian Bur Meteorol, Natl Climate Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Zwiers, Francis W.] Univ Victoria, Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP Zhang, XB (reprint author), Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM Xuebin.Zhang@ec.gc.ca RI Klein Tank, Albert/A-4182-2011; Jones, Philip/C-8718-2009; Alexander, Lisa/A-8477-2011 OI Jones, Philip/0000-0001-5032-5493; Alexander, Lisa/0000-0002-5635-2457 FU Australian Research Council [LP100200690, CE110001028]; US Department of Energy [DE-SC0005689]; NERC [NE/H003533/1]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0296007]; US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Program Office through the International ad-hoc Detection and Attribution Group (IDAG) group FX L. Alexander is supported by Australian Research Council grants LP100200690 and CE110001028. P.D. Jones is supported by a US Department of Energy grant (DE-SC0005689). G.C. Hegerl is supported by NERC (NE/H003533/1) and by the National Science Foundation (Grant ATM-0296007). P.D. Jones, X. Zhang, F.W. Zwiers, and G.C. Hegerl are also supported by the US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Program Office through the International ad-hoc Detection and Attribution Group (IDAG) group. NR 106 TC 205 Z9 210 U1 10 U2 92 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1757-7780 EI 1757-7799 J9 WIRES CLIM CHANGE JI Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.-Clim. Chang. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 2 IS 6 BP 851 EP 870 DI 10.1002/wcc.147 PG 20 WC Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 855RT UT WOS:000297582700004 ER PT J AU Stoudt, MR Krajewski, PE Miles, MP Carsley, JE AF Stoudt, Mark R. Krajewski, Paul E. Miles, Michael P. Carsley, John E. TI Multi-scale Modeling of Deformation during Metal Forming SO JOM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Stoudt, Mark R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Carsley, John E.] Gen Motors Co, Warren, MI USA. [Miles, Michael P.] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Stoudt, MR (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD NOV PY 2011 VL 63 IS 11 BP 23 EP 23 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 859IM UT WOS:000297870100002 ER PT J AU Yeo, D Jones, NP AF Yeo, DongHun Jones, Nicholas P. TI Characterization of flow oblique to a circular cylinder with low aspect ratio using 3-D detached eddy simulation SO JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Cable vibration; Cable-stayed bridge; Yawed and inclined circular cylinder; Detached eddy simulation; Spanwise wall boundary condition; Spanwise aspect ratio; End effect ID WIND-INDUCED VIBRATION; CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES; YAWED CYLINDER; BEHAVIOR AB Large-amplitude vibrations of stay cables in cable-stayed bridges can threaten the safety and serviceability of the structures. Understanding of the excitation mechanism is necessary to mitigate such vibrations effectively and efficiently. Experimental research has investigated the mechanism of oscillation using flow oblique to a cylinder; however, since the aspect ratio of the cylinder is much lower than that of a real stay cable in bridges, the results might not reliably describe the real phenomenon. The aim of this study is (1) to provide better understanding of aspect ratio effects of a circular cylinder on aerodynamic characteristics of the cylinder oblique to flow associated with the large-amplitude cable vibrations and (2) to provide the experimentalists suggestions of a requisite aspect ratio and appropriate pressure-measuring positions of a cylinder for fully developed flow around the cylinder. To this end, the current work applied three-dimensional detached eddy simulations (DES) to flow around a yawed and inclined cylinder to investigate the importance of the aspect ratio of the cylinder when flow oblique to the cylinder develops fully along its spanwise axis. The Reynolds number is 1.4 x 10(5) based on the incoming flow velocity and the diameter of the cylinder. Three aspect ratios (L/D = 10, 20, and 30; L: a cylinder length; D: a cylinder diameter) and two numerical conditions (slip and periodic) on spanwise boundaries were employed. Results showed that three-dimensional flow and the associated forces on a yawed and inclined cylinder are significantly influenced by the spanwise aspect ratios and spanwise boundary conditions. This study suggests that when a wind tunnel experiment investigates flow oblique to a very slender cylinder, such as attempting to model a stay cable, experimentalists should use a sufficiently high spanwise aspect ratio of the cylinder. For the case of the 30 degrees yaw and 45 degrees inclined cylinder, the requisite ratio would be approximately 60 or higher and appropriate pressure-measuring positions of a half to two-thirds of the cylinder length from its upper/upstream end in order to accurately model inherently three-dimensional characteristics of the flow. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yeo, DongHun] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jones, Nicholas P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, GWC Whiting Sch Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Yeo, D (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM donghun.yeo@nist.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6105 J9 J WIND ENG IND AEROD JI J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 99 IS 11 BP 1117 EP 1125 DI 10.1016/j.jweia.2011.08.002 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 860TA UT WOS:000297969400001 ER PT J AU Balakrishnan, R Satija, II AF Balakrishnan, Radha Satija, Indubala I. TI Solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Solitons; Bose-Einstein condensates; hard-core bosons; spin Hamiltonians ID SUPERFLUID HE-4; STATES; MODEL AB The Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) describing the evolution of the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) order parameter for weakly interacting bosons supports dark solitons for repulsive interactions and bright solitons for attractive interactions. After a brief introduction to BEC and a general review of GPE solitons, we present our results on solitons that arise in the BEC of hard-core bosons, which is a system with strongly repulsive interactions. For a given background density, this system is found to support both a dark soliton and an antidark soliton (i.e., a bright soliton on a pedestal) for the density profile. When the background has more (less) holes than particles, the dark (antidark) soliton solution dies down as its velocity approaches the sound velocity of the system, while the antidark (dark) soliton persists all the way up to the sound velocity. This persistence is in contrast to the behaviour of the GPE dark soliton, which dies down at the Bogoliubov sound velocity. The energy momentum dispersion relation for the solitons is shown to be similar to the exact quantum low-lying excitation spectrum found by Lieb for bosons with a delta-function interaction. C1 [Balakrishnan, Radha] Inst Math Sci, Madras 600113, Tamil Nadu, India. [Satija, Indubala I.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Satija, Indubala I.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Balakrishnan, R (reprint author), Inst Math Sci, Madras 600113, Tamil Nadu, India. EM radha@imsc.res.in NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 77 IS 5 SI SI BP 929 EP 947 DI 10.1007/s12043-011-0187-z PG 19 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 859TE UT WOS:000297897900018 ER PT J AU Knott, KK Boyd, D Ylitalo, GM O'Hara, TM AF Knott, Katrina K. Boyd, Daryle Ylitalo, Gina M. O'Hara, Todd M. TI Concentrations of mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls in blood of Southern Beaufort Sea polar bears (Ursus maritimus) during spring: variations with lipids and stable isotope (delta N-15, delta C-13) values SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID MARINE FOOD-WEB; FEEDING ECOLOGY; PHOCID SEALS; RINGED SEALS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; BODY-CONDITION; ORGANOCHLORINES; CONTAMINANTS; BIOMAGNIFICATION; GREENLAND AB Polar bears (Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774) are exposed to heavy metal and lipophilic contaminants that are known to bioaccumulate and biomagnify. Few studies concurrently report both chemical classes in the same individuals and are thus unable to assess drivers of observed tissue concentrations, and the potential adverse biological responses to combined exposures. We examined blood concentrations of mercury (Hg) and the sum of seven polychlorinated biphenyls (Sigma 7PCB) from free-ranging Southern Beaufort Sea polar bears to assess which factors contributed to variations among cohorts (adult males, adult females, young) during spring. Concentrations of Hg ranged from 10.3 to 228.0 ng/g wet mass, but mean concentrations were similar between males and females independent of age. Concentrations of Sigma 7PCB (range 2.0-132.8 ng/g wet mass) were greater among females and young than among males. Toxicant concentrations were related to packed cell delta N-15, an estimate of trophic position, after the inclusion of packed cell delta C-13. Concentrations of Sigma 7PCB were also positively correlated with concentrations of neutral lipids (triglycerides and free fatty acids) and inversely correlated to body condition indices. Elevated concentrations of toxicants and lower body condition indices in females and young compared with males may be a sentinel to a changing arctic environment. Further assessment of the potential adverse health impacts of contaminants and nutritional stress in these cohorts is warranted. C1 [Knott, Katrina K.; O'Hara, Todd M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Knott, Katrina K.; O'Hara, Todd M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Boyd, Daryle; Ylitalo, Gina M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Knott, KK (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM kkknott@alaska.edu FU National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [5P20RR016466]; Alaska IDEA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE); University of Alaska Fairbanks Center for Global Change; Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research (CIFAR); NOAA [NA08OAR4320751]; University of Alaska; BP Exploration (Alaska) FX The project described was supported by Grant No. 5P20RR016466 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), which is a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NCRR or NIH. Laboratory analyses, staff support, and fellowship to K.K. Knott were provided by the Alaska IDEA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) Program. This research was also supported through a University of Alaska Fairbanks Center for Global Change Student Award funded by the Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research (CIFAR) with funds from NOAA under cooperative agreement NA08OAR4320751 with the University of Alaska. Additional funding provided by BP Exploration (Alaska). We thank K. Alexander, S. Amstrup, T. Bentzen, T. Cardona-Marek, G. Durner, C. Ebner, N. Haubenstock, T. Howe, D. Holcomb, C. Kirk, S. Moses, E. Regehr, K. Rode, K. Simac, R. Swor, C. Willetto, and G. York for their excellent contributions in the field and laboratory. We are grateful for the contaminant and data analyses provided by B. Anulacion, R. Boyer, J. Bolton, J. Buzitis, R. Pearce, K. Tilbury, and C. Sloan from NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center. C. Lieske, S. Amstrup, C. Van Hemert, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful suggestions on earlier drafts of the manuscript. NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 28 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 89 IS 11 BP 999 EP 1012 DI 10.1139/Z11-071 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 855XK UT WOS:000297599400001 ER PT J AU Paquet, PJ Flagg, T Appleby, A Barr, J Blankenship, L Campton, D Delarm, M Evelyn, T Fast, D Gislason, J Kline, P Maynard, D Mobrand, L Nandor, G Seidel, P Smith, S AF Paquet, P. J. Flagg, T. Appleby, A. Barr, J. Blankenship, L. Campton, D. Delarm, M. Evelyn, T. Fast, D. Gislason, J. Kline, P. Maynard, D. Mobrand, L. Nandor, G. Seidel, P. Smith, S. TI Hatcheries, Conservation, and Sustainable Fisheries-Achieving Multiple Goals: Results of the Hatchery Scientific Review Group's Columbia River Basin Review SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID SALMON; MODEL; WILD AB New hatchery management strategies in the Columbia River Basin focus on conservation of naturally spawning populations as an equal priority to providing fish for harvest-a difficult balance to achieve. The Hatchery Scientific Review Group (HSRG) assessed 178 hatchery programs and 351 salmonid populations to determine how to achieve managers' goals for conservation and sustainable fisheries. Modeling determined the best strategy, using an approach based on best available science, goal identification, scientific defensibility, and adaptive management to refocus from an aquaculture paradigm to a renewable natural resource paradigm. We concluded that hatcheries and natural populations must be managed with the same biological principles. HSRG solutions improved the conservation status of many populations (25% for steelhead trout, more than 70% for Chinook and coho salmons) while also providing increased harvest. Natural-origin steelhead trout and coho salmon spawners increased by 6,000 to 10,000; Chinook salmon increased by more than 35,000 compared to current numbers. Hatchery juvenile production decreased slightly, and in most cases production shifted from populations of concern. Overall harvest potential increased from 717,000 to 818,000 fish by focusing on selective fishing and by relocating some in-river harvest closer to where the fish originate. With habitat improvements, often the number of natural-origin fish nearly doubled. C1 [Paquet, P. J.] NW Power & Conservat Council, Portland, OR USA. [Flagg, T.; Maynard, D.] NOAA Fisheries, Port Orchard, WA USA. [Flagg, T.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Port Orchard, WA USA. [Appleby, A.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Hatchery Evaluat & Assessment Unit, Olympia, WA USA. [Blankenship, L.] NW Marine Technol, Biol Serv, Tumwater, WA USA. [Campton, D.] USFWS Div Fisheries Resources, Portland, OR USA. [Campton, D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv Abernathy Fish Technol Ct, Longview, WA USA. [Delarm, M.] NOAA Fisheries, Salmon Recovery Div, Portland, OR USA. [Evelyn, T.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K6, Canada. [Fast, D.] Yakama Nation Fisheries, Toppenish, WA USA. [Gislason, J.] Bonneville Power Adm, Portland, OR USA. [Kline, P.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Boise, ID USA. [Nandor, G.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Portland, OR USA. RP Paquet, PJ (reprint author), NW Power & Conservat Council, Portland, OR USA. FU Bonneville Power Administration; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Northwest Power and Conservation Council; Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission; U.S. Congress FX Performing this analysis and developing recommendations for a large number of salmonid populations in the Columbia River Basin would not have been possible without the knowledge, commitment, and hard work of many individuals. The HSRG members extend special thanks to Greg Blair and the staff from ICF for their help with data management and AHA analyses; facilitation staff from the firms of D.J. Warren and Associates; Meridian Environmental, Inc.; Serverside Software; Malone Environmental Consulting; Triangle Associates, Inc.; and Gordon, Thomas, Honeywell, Malanca, Peterson & Daheim. Numerous state, federal, and tribal fishery biologists and managers contributed both their time and expertise in meetings, tours, and report reviews. HSRG member Tom Flagg had primary writing responsibilities for summarizing the Columbia River Basin HSRG report to Congress into the format for this publication and for developing summary analysis from system-wide roll-up reports. Funding and support for these efforts was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Northwest Power and Conservation Council, the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, and the U.S. Congress. NR 16 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD NOV PY 2011 VL 36 IS 11 BP 547 EP 561 DI 10.1080/03632415.2011.626661 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 857TS UT WOS:000297744400003 ER PT J AU Horner, RA Greengrove, CL Davies-Vollum, KS Gawel, JE Postel, JR Cox, AM AF Horner, R. A. Greengrove, C. L. Davies-Vollum, K. S. Gawel, J. E. Postel, J. R. Cox, A. M. TI Spatial distribution of benthic cysts of Alexandrium catenella in surface sediments of Puget Sound, Washington, USA SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Alexandrium; Dinoflagellate cysts; Harmful algae; Sediments ID PHYSICAL-BIOLOGICAL MODEL; RESTING CYSTS; DINOFLAGELLATE CYSTS; FUNDYENSE POPULATIONS; GONYAULAX-TAMARENSIS; MAINE; GULF; COAST; DINOPHYCEAE; CIRCULATION AB Alexandrium catenella cyst distribution and abundance in the surface sediments throughout Puget Sound, Washington, were mapped for the first time in 2005. Cyst density varied from 0 to >12,000 cysts cm(-3) surface sediment, with Quartermaster Harbor having the highest concentration of cysts. A higher resolution 2006 spatial survey of surface sediment cysts in two central Puget Sound bays, Quartermaster Harbor and Dyes Inlet, found cyst distribution to be patchy. Surface sediment properties were also determined for all samples. Given the diverse hydrographic conditions associated with the different basins in Puget Sound, no correlation was found between cyst abundance and grain size or total organic content (TOC) for the large scale Puget Sound wide survey, but cyst abundance was positively correlated with finer grained and higher TOC sediments within bays from the higher resolution survey. Sediment metal concentrations were also determined and cyst abundance was positively correlated only with Cd concentration. These results are consistent with previous studies in other locations. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Horner, R. A.; Postel, J. R.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Greengrove, C. L.; Davies-Vollum, K. S.; Gawel, J. E.] Univ Washington, Environm Sci IAS, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Cox, A. M.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Horner, RA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM rita@ocean.washington.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA04NOS4780273] FX This paper is a result of research funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Ocean Program under award #NA04NOS4780273 to the University of Washington. It is ECOHAB contribution # 619. We thank R. McQuin and N. Milonas, the crew of the R/V Barnes for logistical support during the cruises, M. Holmes for allowing us to participate in student cruises on the R/V Thompson and showing us how to use the piston corer, D. Shull for advice on cyst counting and 210Pb analyses, C. Nittrouer for the use of his lab to run the 210Pb analyses, J. Coyle for help with the maps, and UW Tacoma undergraduate students Kyle Sorensen, Simone Hoffer, Jeff Hubert, Jonathan Neville, Katherine Tran, Alex Abrahamson, Suzanne Wagner and Bruce Hazen for help with sampling during the cruises and running laboratory analyses. F. Cox and J. Borchert of the Washington Department of Health kindly provided the shellfish toxin data. [SS] NR 63 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD NOV PY 2011 VL 11 BP 96 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2011.08.004 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 859JL UT WOS:000297872600011 ER PT J AU MacDonald, AE Middlecoff, J Henderson, T Lee, JL AF MacDonald, Alexander E. Middlecoff, Jacques Henderson, Tom Lee, Jin-Luen TI A general method for modeling on irregular grids SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE irregular grid; indirect addressing; performance ID BAROTROPIC VORTICITY EQUATION; INTEGRATION; SPHERE; TESTS AB For simulation on a spherical surface, such as global numerical weather prediction, icosahedral grids are superior to their competitors in uniformity of grid mesh distance across the entire globe and lack of neighboring grid cells that share only a single vertex. Use of such a grid presents unique programming challenges related to iteration across grid cells and location of neighboring cells. Here we describe an icosahedral grid with a one-dimensional vector loop structure, table specified memory order, and an indirect addressing scheme that yields very compact code despite the complexities of this grid. This approach allows the same model code to be used for many grid structures. Indirect addressing also allows grid cells to be stored in any order, selectable at run time. This permits easy implementation of different memory layouts for cache blocking, distributed-memory parallelism, and static load balancing. Since indirect addressing can adversely affect execution time we organize arrays to place a directly addressable index innermost. We also describe experiments designed to measure any performance penalties accrued from use of indirect addressing. C1 [Henderson, Tom] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Middlecoff, Jacques; Henderson, Tom] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Henderson, T (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM thomas.b.henderson@noaa.gov RI Henderson, Tom/I-7117-2015; Lee, JIN-LUEN/G-5364-2015; Middlecoff, Jacques/L-7549-2015 FU National Science Foundation FX The authors would like to thank Mark Govett for extensive assistance reviewing and editing early versions of this paper. Thanks also go to Ning Wang for contributing some figures. For our use of the 'bluefire' supercomputer we would like to acknowledge high performance computing support provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory which is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 25 IS 4 BP 392 EP 403 DI 10.1177/1094342010385019 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 856OL UT WOS:000297652200005 ER PT J AU Lass, EA AF Lass, Eric A. TI Reversible hydrogen-storage at reduced temperatures in the intermetallic compound Mg-6(Ni,Pd) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Mg-based alloy; Hydrogen-storage; Metal-hydride; Nanocrystalline material; Metallic glass ID ALLOYS; HYDRIDES AB A rapidly-solidified Mg-Ni-Pd alloy is shown to exhibit reversible hydrogen-storage of 5 mass % H at a temperature of 473 K, nearly 100 K below temperatures typically required for Mg-based alloys, with an equilibrium absorption plateau near 1 atm H-2 pressure. Additionally, a single plateau is observed in the pressure composition isotherm where MgH2 and Mg2NiH4 form and decompose simultaneously during the absorption/desorption process. The increase in absorption plateau pressure to 100 kPa suggests a decrease in the free energy by as much as 15 kJ/mol resulting from either a decrease in enthalpy or an increase in entropy of reaction between the hydride and metallic phases. The improved thermodynamics are discussed in terms of the formation of a new equilibrium metallic phase, Mg-6(Ni,Pd). The phase alters the thermodynamics of the hydriding reaction, allowing both MgH2 and Mg2NiH4 to form cooperatively in a single reaction. This method for reducing the free energy of the hydriding reaction is promising, and may prove useful in a variety of other metal-hydride hydrogen-storage systems. Copyright (C) 2011, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lass, EA (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, 100 Bur Dr,M-S 8555, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.lass@nist.gov RI Lass, Eric/B-4586-2014 FU National Research Council under NIST/NRC FX EAL would like to thank Drs. William Boettinger and Ursula Kattner for the thoughtful discussions of thermodynamics. The grateful support of the National Research Council under the NIST/NRC Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program is also acknowledged. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD NOV PY 2011 VL 36 IS 22 BP 14496 EP 14502 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.08.042 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 852XN UT WOS:000297390900022 ER PT J AU Perez, RC Garzoli, SL Meinen, CS Matano, RP AF Perez, Renellys C. Garzoli, Silvia L. Meinen, Christopher S. Matano, Ricardo P. TI Geostrophic Velocity Measurement Techniques for the Meridional Overturning Circulation and Meridional Heat Transport in the South Atlantic SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OCEAN CIRCULATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; HYDROGRAPHIC DATA; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MODEL; VARIABILITY; WATER; BOUNDARY; DESIGN; BAHAMAS AB Two ocean general circulation models are used to test the ability of geostrophic velocity measurement systems to observe the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) and meridional heat transport (MHT) in the South Atlantic. Model sampling experiments are conducted at five latitudes (between 15 degrees and 34.5 degrees S) spanning the range of extratropical current regimes in the South Atlantic. Two methods of estimating geopotential height anomalies and geostrophic velocities are tested, simulating dynamic height moorings (T-S array) and current and pressure recording inverted echo sounders (CPIES) deployed within the models. The T-S array accurately reproduces the MOC variability with a slight preference for higher latitudes, while the CPIES array has skill only at higher latitudes resulting from the increased geopotential height anomaly signal. Whether direct model velocities or geostrophic velocities are used, MHT and the MOC are strongly correlated, and successful reconstruction of MHT only occurs when there is skill in the MOC reconstructions. The geopotential height anomaly signal is concentrated near the boundaries along 34.5 degrees S, suggesting that this is an advantageous latitude for deployment of an in situ array. Four reduced arrays that build upon the sites from two existing pilot arrays along 34.5 degrees S were examined. For these realistically sized arrays, the MOC and MHT reconstructions from the T-S and CPIES arrays have comparable skill, and an array of approximately 20 instruments can be effectively used to reproduce the temporal evolution and vertical structure of the MOC and MHT. C1 [Perez, Renellys C.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Perez, Renellys C.; Garzoli, Silvia L.; Meinen, Christopher S.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Matano, Ricardo P.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Perez, RC (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM renellys.c.perez@noaa.gov RI Perez, Renellys/D-1976-2012; Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012; Garzoli, Silvia/A-3556-2010 OI Perez, Renellys/0000-0002-4401-3853; Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002; Garzoli, Silvia/0000-0003-3553-2253 FU CNES; NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; NSF [OCE-0726994, OCE-0928348]; NASA [NNX08AR400] FX The authors thank Povl Abrahamsen, Yeun-Ho Daneshzadeh, Gustavo Goni, Joel Hirschi, and Bill Johns for helpful discussions regarding the MOC and MHT reconstructions. We thank Shenfu Dong and Tony Lee for the suggestion to explore the dependence of the MOC and MHT relationship on different time scales. Comments from SAMOC-3 Workshop participants (http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/SAMOC/) and reviewers improved the manuscript. Thank you to Yoshikazu Sasai, Robin Tokmakian, Corinne James, and Eric Beals for providing output from the OFES and POCM simulations. The AVISO product was produced by the CIS Space Oceanography Division as part of the Environment and Climate EU ENACT project (EVK2-CT2001-00117) and with support from CNES. The authors RCP, SLG, and CSM were supported by the NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, and RPM acknowledges NSF Grants OCE-0726994 and OCE-0928348 and NASA Grant NNX08AR400. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1504 EP 1521 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00058.1 PG 18 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 854HD UT WOS:000297484700011 ER PT J AU DiNezio, PN Goni, GJ AF DiNezio, Pedro N. Goni, Gustavo J. TI Direct Evidence of a Changing Fall-Rate Bias in XBTs Manufactured during 1986-2008 SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; EXPENDABLE BATHYTHERMOGRAPH; DEPTH; ERROR; T-7 AB This paper presents direct evidence of systematic depth errors consistent with a fall-rate bias in 52 temperature profiles collected using expendable bathythermographs (XBTs). The profiles were collected using the same recording system and under the same ocean conditions, but with XBTs manufactured during years 1986, 1990, 1991, 1995, and 2008. The depth errors are estimated by comparing each XBT profile with a collocated profile obtained from conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) casts using a methodology that unambiguously separates depth errors from temperature errors. According to the manufacture date of the probes, the XBT fall-rate error has changed from (-3.77 +/- 0.57)% of depth in 1986 to (-1.05 +/- 1.34)% of depth in 2008. The year dependence of the fall-rate bias can be identified with statistical significance (1 sigma) below 500 m, where the effect of the fall-rate bias is larger. This result is the first direct evidence of changes in the XBT fall-rate characteristics. Therefore, for the 1986-2008 period, the hypothesis that the XBT errors are due to a time-varying fall-rate bias, as hypothesized by Wijffels et al., cannot be rejected. Additional implications for current efforts to correct the historical temperature profile database are discussed. C1 [DiNezio, Pedro N.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [DiNezio, Pedro N.; Goni, Gustavo J.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP DiNezio, PN (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM pedro.dinezio@noaa.gov RI Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012 OI Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170 FU Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS); Joint Institute of the University of Miami; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA17RJ1226]; NOAA/AOML; Ship of Opportunity Program (SOOP); NOAA's Office of Climate Observations FX We thank Rick Lumpkin for coordinating the collocated CTD and XBT casts during the 2009 PIRATA Northeast Extension cruise. We also thank Marlos Goes, Chris Mainen, and two anonymous reviewers for comments that helped improve the manuscript. This research was carried out in part under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Joint Institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1226. P. N. DiNezio and G. J. Goni were supported by NOAA/AOML and the Ship of Opportunity Program (SOOP). The SOOP is funded by NOAA's Office of Climate Observations. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1569 EP 1578 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00017.1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 854HD UT WOS:000297484700015 ER PT J AU Schmidt, KA Hadley, BC Wijekoon, N AF Schmidt, Keil A. Hadley, Brian C. Wijekoon, Nishanthi TI Vertical Accuracy and Use of Topographic LIDAR Data in Coastal Marshes SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE LIDAR; marsh; accuracy assessment; digital elevation model; DEM ID SALT-MARSH; MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY; ELEVATION AB SCHMID, K.A.; HADLEY, B.C., and WIJEKOON, N., 2011. Vertical accuracy and use of topographic LIDAR data in coastal marshes. Journal of Coastal Research, 27(6A), 116-132. West Palm Beach (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Coastal marsh habitat and its associated vegetation are strongly linked to substrate elevation and local drainage patterns. As such, accurate representations of both the vegetation height and the surface elevations are requisite components for systematic analysis and temporal monitoring of the habitat. Topographic Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data can provide high-resolution, high-accuracy elevation measurements of features both aboveground and at the surface. However, because of poor penetration of the laser pulse through the marsh vegetation, bare-earth LIDAR elevations can be markedly less accurate when compared with adjacent upland habitats. Consequently, LIDAR ground-elevation errors (i.e., standard deviation [SD] and bias) can vary significantly from the standard upland land-cover classes quoted in a typical data provider's quality-assurance report. Custom digital elevation model (DEM) generation techniques and point classification processes can be used to improve estimates of ground elevations in coastal marshes. The simplest of these methods is minimum bin gridding, which extracts the lowest elevation value included within a user-specified search window and assigns that value to the appropriate DEM grid cell. More complex point-to-point classification can be accomplished by enforcing stricter slope limits and increasing the level of smoothing. Despite lowering the spatial resolution of the DEM, the application of these techniques significantly improves the vertical accuracy of the LIDAR-derived bare-earth surfaces. By employing the minimum bin technique to the bare-earth classified LIDAR data, the overall bias in the resultant surface was reduced by 12 cm, and the vertical accuracy was improved by 8 cm when compared with the "as-received" data. C1 [Schmidt, Keil A.; Hadley, Brian C.] NOAA Coastal Serv Ctr, IM Syst Grp, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. [Wijekoon, Nishanthi] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Schmidt, KA (reprint author), NOAA Coastal Serv Ctr, IM Syst Grp, 2234 S Hobson Ave, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. EM Keil.Schmid@noaa.gov; Brian.Hadley@noaa.gov; Nishanthi.Wijekoon@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX This investigation could not have been completed without the committed assistance of the field data collection team. Rebecca Mataosky selflessly sacrificed her body to the Charleston County "Pluff Mud" on a daily basis. Dennis Hall and Robert McGuinn supplied the muscle to pull her out and kept the survey party moving forward. Rebecca Love, pregnant with her second child, refused to back down from the challenge. Dr. Kirk Waters, Alex Waters, and Dr. Kelley Hwang teamed up to spend a cold Christmas morning surveying their marsh, and the data and insights they provided were invaluable for this study. We would also like to thank Dr. Dru Smith from the National Geodetic Survey for his insightful comments and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for the financial support that made this possible. NR 41 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 19 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 27 IS 6A SU S BP 116 EP 132 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-10-00188.1 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 851NT UT WOS:000297278500011 ER PT J AU Lord, C Tabouret, H Claverie, F Pecheyran, C Keith, P AF Lord, C. Tabouret, H. Claverie, F. Pecheyran, C. Keith, P. TI Femtosecond laser ablation ICP-MS measurement of otolith Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca composition reveal differential use of freshwater habitats for three amphidromous Sicyopterus (Teleostei: Gobioidei: Sicydiinae) species SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphidromy; migratory behaviour; New Caledonia; otolith microchemistry; Vanuatu ID EELS ANGUILLA-ROSTRATA; BARRAMUNDI LATES-CALCARIFER; ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY; FISH OTOLITHS; LIFE-HISTORY; PLECOGLOSSUS-ALTIVELIS; ESTUARINE FISH; SOUTH-PACIFIC; NEW-CALEDONIA; BARIUM UPTAKE AB The use of freshwater habitats was examined in three amphidromous goby species of the genus Sicyopterus using otolith microchemistry. Two species were endemic to either New Caledonia or Vanuatu whilst the other was widely distributed. Depositional patterns of strontium (Sr) and barium (Ba) in the otolith of adults were analysed with femtosecond laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca results uncovered three different adult behaviours within the freshwater habitat. Some fishes stayed in elevated locations (square profile); others undertook back-and-forth migrations between higher and lower reaches (up-and-down profile), and finally, others stayed in the lower reaches (constant profile). The consequences of these movements to larval survival or competition for food and territory are discussed. This work brings new knowledge on amphidromous behaviour, and it highlights the necessity of multi-elemental analysis to study amphidromy in freshwater systems. (C) 2011 The Authors Journal of Fish Biology (C) 2011 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Lord, C.; Tabouret, H.; Keith, P.] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778564, Japan. [Lord, C.; Tabouret, H.; Keith, P.] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Biol Organismes Marins & Ecosyst BOREA, CNRS, MNHN,UMR 7208,Dept Milieux & Peuplements Aquat, F-75231 Paris, France. [Tabouret, H.; Pecheyran, C.] Univ Pau & Pays Adour, IPREM, LCABIE Lab Chim Analyt Bio Inorgan & Environm, UMR 5254, F-64000 Pau, France. [Claverie, F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lord, C (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778564, Japan. EM claralord@gmail.com RI MNHN/CNRS/UPMC/IRD, UMR BOREA/B-2312-2012 FU New Caledonian Government; National Museum of Natural History of Paris (PPF 'Ecologie fonctionnelle et developpement durable des ecosystemes naturels et anthropises' and Leg Prevost); BIONEOCAL ANR; Fondation de France; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) FX First, we would like to thank all the partners that have provided financial support for this work: the New Caledonian Government and the National Museum of Natural History of Paris (PPF 'Ecologie fonctionnelle et developpement durable des ecosystemes naturels et anthropises' and Leg Prevost) for the PhD fellowship, BIONEOCAL ANR, and the Fondation de France. We also thank the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) for financial support. We thank the Vanuatu Environment Unit (D. Kalfatak) and the New Caledonian North and South Provinces (J.-J. Cassan, C. Flouhr, J. Manaute and C. Meresse) for allowing sampling (permit number 1224-08/PS) and the 'Santo 2006' field mission. We would also like to thank the laboratory formerly known as LASAA (Laboratoire d'Analyses Sclerochronologiques des Animaux Aquatiques), Brest, France, (E. Morize, E. Dabas and A. Ogor) for the otolith preparation internship. We would like to extend our thanks to D. Lord, native English speaker, for rereading this manuscript. Finally, we want to thank G. Bareille for his help, and F. Daverat and anonymous reviewers for their useful comments on this work. NR 85 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 79 IS 5 BP 1304 EP 1321 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03112.x PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 853WL UT WOS:000297456300014 PM 22026607 ER PT J AU Holt, MM Noren, DP Emmons, CK AF Holt, Marla M. Noren, Dawn P. Emmons, Candice K. TI Effects of noise levels and call types on the source levels of killer whale calls SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ORCINUS-ORCA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SOUND PRODUCTION; VOCALIZATIONS; AMPLITUDE; ANIMALS; SPEECH AB Accurate parameter estimates relevant to the vocal behavior of marine mammals are needed to assess potential effects of anthropogenic sound exposure including how masking noise reduces the active space of sounds used for communication. Information about how these animals modify their vocal behavior in response to noise exposure is also needed for such assessment. Prior studies have reported variations in the source levels of killer whale sounds, and a more recent study reported that killer whales compensate for vessel masking noise by increasing their call amplitude. The objectives of the current study were to investigate the source levels of a variety of call types in southern resident killer whales while also considering background noise level as a likely factor related to call source level variability. The source levels of 763 discrete calls along with corresponding background noise were measured over three summer field seasons in the waters surrounding the San Juan Islands, WA. Both noise level and call type were significant factors on call source levels (1-40 kHz band, range of 135.0-175.7 dB(rms) 1 mu Pa at 1 m). These factors should be considered in models that predict how anthropogenic masking noise reduces vocal communication space in marine mammals. (C) 2011 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3641446] C1 [Holt, Marla M.; Noren, Dawn P.; Emmons, Candice K.] NOAA, Marine Mammal Ecol Team, NMFS, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Holt, MM (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal Ecol Team, NMFS, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Marla.Holt@noaa.gov FU National Research Council (NRC); NOAA/NMFS Northwest Fisheries Science Center; NOAA FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Research Council (NRC) Postdoctoral Associateship Program, NOAA/NMFS Northwest Fisheries Science Center, and the NOAA Fisheries Ocean Acoustics Program. We thank Anna-Maria Seibert, Christine Froschl, Teresa Mongillo, and Amy Johnson for field assistance. We also thank Val Veirs, Scott Veirs, Jason Wood, and the students of Beamreach.org for providing valuable support with calibration and localization error assessment. All data collection was conducted under Scientific Research Permit No.7811824-00 of the U.S. NMFS Office of Protected Resources and the Species at Risk Act/Marine Mammal License No. MML 2007-08/SARA-68A of the Department of Fisheries & Ocean, Canada. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 58 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 130 IS 5 BP 3100 EP 3106 DI 10.1121/1.3641446 PN 1 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 854HV UT WOS:000297486500068 PM 22087938 ER PT J AU Rankin, S Baumann-Pickering, S Yack, T Barlow, J AF Rankin, Shannon Baumann-Pickering, Simone Yack, Tina Barlow, Jay TI Description of sounds recorded from Longman's beaked whale, Indopacetus pacificus SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MESOPLODON-DENSIROSTRIS; ECHOLOCATION CLICKS; HAWAII L AB Sounds from Longman's beaked whale, Inclopacetus pacificus were recorded during shipboard surveys of cetaceans surrounding the Hawaiian Islands archipelago; this represents the first known recording of this species. Sounds included echolocation clicks and burst pulses. Echolocation clicks were grouped into three categories, a 15 kHz click (11 = 106), a 25 kHz click (n = 136), and a 25 kHz pulse with a frequency-modulated upsweep (n = 70). The 15 and 25 kHz clicks were relatively short (181 and 144 ms, respectively); the longer 25 kHz upswept pulse was 288 ms. Burst pulses were long (0.5 s) click trains with approximately 240 clicks/s. C1 [Rankin, Shannon; Barlow, Jay] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Baumann-Pickering, Simone] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Yack, Tina] Biowaves Inc, Encinitas, CA 92024 USA. RP Rankin, S (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM shannon.rankin@noaa.gov; sbaumann@ucsd.edu; tmyack@gmail.com; jay.barlow@noaa.gov FU U.S. Navy; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Southwest Fisheries Science Center FX This research could not have been accomplished without the dedicated efforts of the officers and crew of the R/V McArthur II. Many thanks to the visual observers, cruise leaders, and chief scientists; Richard Rowlett provided excellent behavioral descriptions of S#33. Special thanks to our field acousticians: Eiren Jacobson, Cornelia Oedekoven, and Anne Simonis. Tim Gerrodette and Al Jackson provided sighting and group size information. This research was conducted using the following software: XBAT (Harold Figueroa, http://www.xbat.org); and Logger 2000 (International Fund for Animal Welfare, promoting benign and noninvasive research, http://www.ifaw.org/sotw). Funding was provided by the U.S. Navy, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center and Southwest Fisheries Science Center. This manuscript was improved by comments from Mark McDonald and Danielle Cholewiak. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 130 IS 5 BP EL339 EP EL344 DI 10.1121/1.36460261 PN 1 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 854HV UT WOS:000297486500011 PM 22088038 ER PT J AU Kelley, MA Gillespie, A Zhou, GD Zhang, S Meador, JP Duncan, B Donnelly, KC McDonald, TJ AF Kelley, Matthew A. Gillespie, Annika Zhou, Guo-Dong Zhang, Shu Meador, James P. Duncan, Bruce Donnelly, Kirby C. McDonald, Thomas J. TI In situ biomonitoring of caged, juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Lower Duwamish Waterway SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Sediment; Lower Duwamish Waterway; Chinook salmon; Caged exposure ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; XENOBIOTIC METABOLIZING ENZYMES; SEDIMENT QUALITY THRESHOLDS; RAINBOW-TROUT; DNA-ADDUCTS; PUGET-SOUND; BENTHIC FISH; MARINE FISH; CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE AB Contaminated sediments may have wide-ranging impacts on human and ecological health. A series of in situ caged exposure studies using juvenile Chinook salmon was conducted in the Lower Duwamish Waterway (LDW). Chemical analysis of sediment, water, and fish tissue were completed. Additionally, in 2004, DNA adducts in hepatic and gill tissues were measured. Gills contained significantly higher DNA adducts at stations B2 and B4, prompting further analysis of gills in 2006 and 2007. Fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs) in bile, and CYP1A1 in hepatic tissue were also measured during 2006 and 2007, respectively. FACs in field-caged fish were comparable or significantly higher than wild-caught fish LDW fish and significantly higher than lab fish after only 8-10 days, demonstrating the equivalency of exposure to that of migrating salmon. Furthermore, selected biomarkers appear to be capable of detecting spikes in contamination between sampling years, emphasizing the need for multiple year data collection. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kelley, Matthew A.; Gillespie, Annika; Donnelly, Kirby C.; McDonald, Thomas J.] Texas A&M Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Sch Rural Publ Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Zhou, Guo-Dong; Zhang, Shu] Texas A&M Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Biosci & Technol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Meador, James P.] NOAA, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Duncan, Bruce] US EPA, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP McDonald, TJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Sch Rural Publ Hlth, 1266 TAMU,SRPH Bldg A,101 Adriance Rd, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM tmcdonald@srph.tamhsc.edu FU NIEHS [P42 ES04917]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oceans and Human Health [NA05NS4781253]; Region 10 office of the USEPA; USEPA Region 10 FX `This work was supported by an NIEHS Superfund Research Program (SRP) Grant to Texas A&M University (P42 ES04917). Additional funding for the study was provided in part from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oceans and Human Health Program (NA05NS4781253), and the Region 10 office of the USEPA. The efforts of Shirley Wang during sample collection and Dr. Ling Yu He during sample extraction are much appreciated. The authors also wish to show their appreciation to members of USEPA, Region 10, including but not limited to Allison Hiltner, Grechen Schmidt, Doc Thompson, the EPA Region 10 Dive Team, as well as boat captains and staff at the USEPA Manchester Lab. In addition, the authors wish to thank Guy Crow of South Parking Marina for allowing use of his facility during sample collection. The efforts of Frank Sommers at NOAA are also appreciated.; The views and opinions expressed in this manuscript do not necessarily reflect those of the US Environmental Protection Agency or the National Atmospheric and Atmospheric Administration. In addition, although USEPA Region 10 provided research support for this work, their effort was not a part of the negotiated risk assessment for the Lower Duwarnish Waterway Superfund site. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 62 IS 11 BP 2520 EP 2532 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.07.026 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 852YQ UT WOS:000297393800042 PM 21906759 ER PT J AU Hunter, D Osborn, W Wang, K Kazantseva, N Hattrick-Simpers, J Suchoski, R Takahashi, R Young, ML Mehta, A Bendersky, LA Lofland, SE Wuttig, M Takeuchi, I AF Hunter, Dwight Osborn, Will Wang, Ke Kazantseva, Nataliya Hattrick-Simpers, Jason Suchoski, Richard Takahashi, Ryota Young, Marcus L. Mehta, Apurva Bendersky, Leonid A. Lofland, Sam E. Wuttig, Manfred Takeuchi, Ichiro TI Giant magnetostriction in annealed Co1-xFex thin-films SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURALLY HETEROGENEOUS MODEL; SIMILAR MAGNETIC-ALLOYS; FE-GA; EXTRINSIC MAGNETOSTRICTION; TB-FE; MULTILAYERS; MICROSTRUCTURE; FABRICATION; DEPENDENCE AB Chemical and structural heterogeneity and the resulting interaction of coexisting phases can lead to extraordinary behaviours in oxides, as observed in piezoelectric materials at morphotropic phase boundaries and relaxor ferroelectrics. However, such phenomena are rare in metallic alloys. Here we show that, by tuning the presence of structural heterogeneity in textured Co1-xFex thin films, effective magnetostriction lambda(eff) as large as 260 p.p.m. can be achieved at low-saturation field of similar to 10 mT. Assuming lambda(100) is the dominant component, this number translates to an upper limit of magnetostriction of lambda(100) approximate to 5 lambda(eff) >1,000 p.p.m. Microstructural analyses of Co1-xFex films indicate that maximal magnetostriction occurs at compositions near the (fcc + bcc)/bcc phase boundary and originates from precipitation of an equilibrium Co-rich fcc phase embedded in a Fe-rich bcc matrix. The results indicate that the recently proposed heterogeneous magnetostriction mechanism can be used to guide exploration of compounds with unusual magnetoelastic properties. C1 [Hunter, Dwight; Suchoski, Richard; Takahashi, Ryota; Wuttig, Manfred; Takeuchi, Ichiro] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Sci Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Osborn, Will; Wang, Ke; Hattrick-Simpers, Jason; Bendersky, Leonid A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kazantseva, Nataliya] Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Urals Branch, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. [Young, Marcus L.] Oregon State Univ, Sch Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mehta, Apurva] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Lofland, Sam E.] Rowan Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. RP Takeuchi, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Sci Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM takeuchi@umd.edu RI Takahashi, Ryota/A-8748-2010; Osborn, Will/G-4526-2012; Kazantseva, Nataliya/I-7647-2013; OI Takahashi, Ryota/0000-0003-2430-2444; Kazantseva, Nataliya/0000-0002-4143-1064; Lofland, Samuel/0000-0002-1024-5103 FU NSF MRSEC [DMR 0520471]; NSF [DMR 0705368]; ONR-MURI [N000140610530]; ARO [W911NF-07-1-0410]; Nanoscale Imaging, Spectroscopy and Properties Laboratory (NISPLab) at the Maryland Nanocenter FX This work was funded by NSF MRSEC DMR 0520471 and NSF DMR 0705368, and partially supported by the ONR-MURI under Grant No. N000140610530 and ARO W911NF-07-1-0410. We acknowledge support from the staff and facilities at the Nanoscale Imaging, Spectroscopy and Properties Laboratory (NISPLab) at the Maryland Nanocenter. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a Directorate of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University. We would also like to acknowledge J. Cumings for helpful discussions. NR 46 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 6 U2 74 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 2 AR 518 DI 10.1038/ncomms1529 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 857AQ UT WOS:000297686500005 PM 22044997 ER PT J AU Anlauf, KJ Jensen, DW Burnett, KM Steel, EA Christiansen, K Firman, JC Feist, BE Larsen, DP AF Anlauf, K. J. Jensen, D. W. Burnett, K. M. Steel, E. A. Christiansen, K. Firman, J. C. Feist, B. E. Larsen, D. P. TI Explaining spatial variability in stream habitats using both natural and management-influenced landscape predictors SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE landscape scale; fish habitat; conservation evaluation; habitat management; monitoring; stream; coastal ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; LAND-USE; COASTAL STREAMS; CHINOOK SALMON; MULTIPLE-REGRESSION; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; LINEAR-REGRESSION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; COLUMBIA RIVER AB 1. The distribution and composition of in-stream habitats are reflections of landscape scale geomorphic and climatic controls. Correspondingly, Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) are largely adapted to and constrained by the quality and complexity of those in-stream habitat conditions. The degree to which lands have been fragmented and managed can disrupt these patterns and affect overall habitat availability and quality. 2. Eleven in-stream habitat features were modelled as a function of landscape composition. In total, 121 stream reaches within coastal catchments of Oregon were modelled. For each habitat feature, three linear regression models were applied in sequence; final models were composed of the immutable and management-influenced landscape predictors that best described the variability in stream habitat. 3. Immutable landscape predictors considered proxies for stream power described the majority of the variability seen in stream habitat features. Management-influenced landscape predictors, describing the additional human impacts beyond that which was inherently entwined with the immutable predictors, explained a sizeable proportion of variability. The largest response was seen in wood volume and pool frequency. 4. By using a sequential linear regression analysis, management-influenced factors could be segregated from natural gradients to identify those stream habitat features that may be more sensitive to land-use pressures. These results contribute to the progressing notion that the conservation of freshwater resources is best accomplished by investigating and managing stream systems from a landscape perspective. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Anlauf, K. J.; Firman, J. C.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Burnett, K. M.; Christiansen, K.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Burnett, K. M.; Christiansen, K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Steel, E. A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Larsen, D. P.] US EPA, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Feist, B. E.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Anlauf, KJ (reprint author), Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis Res Lab, 28655 Hwy 34, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Kara.Anlauf-Dunn@oregonstate.edu OI Feist, Blake/0000-0001-5215-4878 FU Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board; NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center; USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station FX We thank Dr. John Stein at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, Aquatic Conservation editor Professor Philip Boon, and one anonymous reviewer for their constructive suggestions. We would also like to acknowledge and thank the field crews who collected the wealth of habitat data. This work was funded by a grant from the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board with additional support from NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center and the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. NR 74 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1052-7613 EI 1099-0755 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 21 IS 7 BP 704 EP 714 DI 10.1002/aqc.1221 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 851OZ UT WOS:000297282000010 ER PT J AU Bricker, S Devlin, M AF Bricker, Suzanne Devlin, Michelle TI Preface: "Eutrophication" issue of Biogeochemistry SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bricker, Suzanne] Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Devlin, Michelle] James Cook Univ, Catchment Reef Res Grp, Australian Ctr Trop Freshwater Res, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Bricker, S (reprint author), Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 1305 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM suzanne.bricker@noaa.gov RI Devlin, Michelle/M-5870-2014; TropWATER, Research ID/P-1401-2014 OI Devlin, Michelle/0000-0003-2194-2534; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD NOV PY 2011 VL 106 IS 2 BP 135 EP 136 DI 10.1007/s10533-011-9646-3 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 850UK UT WOS:000297224800001 ER PT J AU Devlin, M Bricker, S Painting, S AF Devlin, Michelle Bricker, Suzanne Painting, Suzanne TI Comparison of five methods for assessing impacts of nutrient enrichment using estuarine case studies SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Eutrophication; Assessment; WFD; OSPAR; ASSETS; TRIX; EPA NCA ID UK MARINE WATERS; COASTAL EUTROPHICATION; UNITED-STATES; PHYTOPLANKTON; SYSTEMS; ATTENUATION; MANAGEMENT; MODELS; BLOOMS; SCALE AB There are several approaches for assessing nutrient enrichment impacts in marine waters including the OSPAR* Comprehensive Procedure, the TRIX* ranking process, the WFD, ASSETS* and EPA NCA*. They differ in definitions and application, but all use key indicators for evaluating eutrophication status. Data from two estuaries in the United Kingdom (UK) were used to test the hypothesis that these five methods would result in the same outcome. The intent is to provide managers with information for selecting an appropriate method, insight about how each method works, how results from different methods compare and a basis for improvement of methods. Results from all approaches indicate that both estuaries required management intervention, but detailed results differed. Methods using more than one biological indicator show that secondary biological impacts were minimal, with the exception of moderate macroalgal problems in the Medway. Comparison of final results was difficult due to differences in: timeframes of data analysis (seasonal versus annual), characteristics included in indicator metrics (concentration, spatial coverage, frequency of occurrence), and methods for combining indicators to determine eutrophication status. This comparison suggests that use of annual data, inclusion frequency of occurrence, spatial coverage and, secondary biological indicators in the index, and a multi-category rating scale results in a more representative assessment. C1 [Devlin, Michelle] James Cook Univ, Catchment Reef Res Grp, ACTFR, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Bricker, Suzanne] Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Painting, Suzanne] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England. RP Devlin, M (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Catchment Reef Res Grp, ACTFR, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM michelle.devlin@jcu.edu.au RI Devlin, Michelle/M-5870-2014; TropWATER, Research ID/P-1401-2014 OI Devlin, Michelle/0000-0003-2194-2534; NR 58 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD NOV PY 2011 VL 106 IS 2 BP 177 EP 205 DI 10.1007/s10533-011-9588-9 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 850UK UT WOS:000297224800004 ER PT J AU Meinshausen, M Smith, SJ Calvin, K Daniel, JS Kainuma, MLT Lamarque, JF Matsumoto, K Montzka, SA Raper, SCB Riahi, K Thomson, A Velders, GJM van Vuuren, DPP AF Meinshausen, Malte Smith, S. J. Calvin, K. Daniel, J. S. Kainuma, M. L. T. Lamarque, J-F. Matsumoto, K. Montzka, S. A. Raper, S. C. B. Riahi, K. Thomson, A. Velders, G. J. M. van Vuuren, D. P. P. TI The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300 SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CUMULATIVE CARBON EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN; SIMPLER MODEL; CYCLE MODELS; CLIMATE; SCENARIOS; GROWTH; AIR; STABILIZATION; CO2 AB We present the greenhouse gas concentrations for the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) and their extensions beyond 2100, the Extended Concentration Pathways (ECPs). These projections include all major anthropogenic greenhouse gases and are a result of a multi-year effort to produce new scenarios for climate change research. We combine a suite of atmospheric concentration observations and emissions estimates for greenhouse gases (GHGs) through the historical period (1750-2005) with harmonized emissions projected by four different Integrated Assessment Models for 2005-2100. As concentrations are somewhat dependent on the future climate itself (due to climate feedbacks in the carbon and other gas cycles), we emulate median response characteristics of models assessed in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report using the reduced-complexity carbon cycle climate model MAGICC6. Projected 'best-estimate' global-mean surface temperature increases (using inter alia a climate sensitivity of 3 degrees C) range from 1.5 degrees C by 2100 for the lowest of the four RCPs, called both RCP3-PD and RCP2.6, to 4.5 degrees C for the highest one, RCP8.5, relative to pre-industrial levels. Beyond 2100, we present the ECPs that are simple extensions of the RCPs, based on the assumption of either smoothly stabilizing concentrations or constant emissions: For example, the lower RCP2.6 pathway represents a strong mitigation scenario and is extended by assuming constant emissions after 2100 (including net negative CO2 emissions), leading to CO2 concentrations returning to 360 ppm by 2300. We also present the GHG concentrations for one supplementary extension, which illustrates the stringent emissions implications of attempting to go back to ECP4.5 concentration levels by 2250 after emissions during the 21(st) century followed the higher RCP6 scenario. Corresponding radiative forcing values are presented for the RCP and ECPs. C1 [Meinshausen, Malte] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res PIK, Potsdam, Germany. [Smith, S. J.; Calvin, K.; Thomson, A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Smith, S. J.; Calvin, K.; Thomson, A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Daniel, J. S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kainuma, M. L. T.; Matsumoto, K.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Lamarque, J-F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Raper, S. C. B.] Manchester Metropolitan Univ, CATE, Manchester M15 6BH, Lancs, England. [Riahi, K.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Velders, G. J. M.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands. [van Vuuren, D. P. P.] Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy PBL, Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Meinshausen, Malte] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Matsumoto, K.] Univ Shiga Prefecture, Sch Environm Sci, Hikone, Japan. [Montzka, S. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [van Vuuren, D. P. P.] Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Meinshausen, M (reprint author), Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res PIK, Potsdam, Germany. EM malte.meinshausen@pik-potsdam.de RI van Vuuren, Detlef/A-4764-2009; Thomson, Allison/B-1254-2010; Riahi, Keywan/B-6426-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Meinshausen, Malte/A-7037-2011; Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; OI van Vuuren, Detlef/0000-0003-0398-2831; Riahi, Keywan/0000-0001-7193-3498; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400; Meinshausen, Malte/0000-0003-4048-3521; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Calvin, Katherine/0000-0003-2191-4189 NR 80 TC 775 Z9 794 U1 48 U2 274 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD NOV PY 2011 VL 109 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 213 EP 241 DI 10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 852IE UT WOS:000297350200010 ER PT J AU Knott, KK Schenk, P Beyerlein, S Boyd, D Ylitalo, GM O'Hara, TM AF Knott, Katrina K. Schenk, Patricia Beyerlein, Susan Boyd, Daryle Ylitalo, Gina M. O'Hara, Todd M. TI Blood-based biomarkers of selenium and thyroid status indicate possible adverse biological effects of mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls in Southern Beaufort Sea polar bears SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Body condition; Heavy metals; Lipophilic contaminants; Thyroid binding proteins; Whole blood ID URSUS-MARITIMUS; BODY-CONDITION; GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASES; HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS; INORGANIC MERCURY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; FEEDING ECOLOGY; BOWHEAD WHALES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RINGED SEALS AB We examined biomarkers of selenium status (whole blood Se; serum Se; glutathione peroxidase activity) and thyroid status (concentrations and ratios of thyroxine, T4; tri-iodothyronine, T3; albumin) in polar bears to assess variations among cohorts, and relationships to circulating concentrations of contaminants. Concentrations of total mercury (Hg) in whole blood were similar among cohorts (prime aged males and females, older animals, ages >= 16 years, and young animals, ages 1-5 years; 48.44 +/- 35. 81; p = 0.253). Concentrations of sum of seven polychlorinated biphenyls (Sigma PCB7) in whole blood were greater in females (with and without cubs, 26.44 +/- 25.82 ng/g ww) and young (26.81 +/- 10.67 ng/g ww) compared to males (8.88 +/- 5.76 ng/g ww, p < 0.001), and significantly related to reduced body condition scores (p < 0.001). Concentrations of Se and albumin were significantly greater in males than females (whole blood Se, males, 42.34 pmol/g ww, females, 36.25 +/- 6.27 pmol/g ww, p=0.019; albumin, males, 4.34 +/- 0.34 g/dl, females, 4.10 +/- 0.29 g/dL, p=0.018). Glutathione peroxidase activity ranged from 109.1 to 207.8 mU/mg hemoglobin, but did not differ significantly by sex or age (p > 0.08). Thyroid hormones were greater in females (solitary females and females with cubs) compared to males (p < 0.001). Biomarkers of Se status and concentrations of T3 were significantly positively related to Hg in all prime aged polar bears (p < 0.03). Albumin concentrations were significantly positively related to total TT4, and significantly negatively related to concentrations of Sigma PCB7 (p < 0.003). Total thyroxine (TT4) was significantly negatively associated with blood concentrations of Sigma PCB7 in solitary females (p=0.045). These data suggest that female polar bears were more susceptible to changes in blood-based biomarkers of selenium and thyroid status than males. Further classifications of the physiologic states of polar bears and repeated measures of individuals over time are needed to accurately assess the biological impact of combined toxicant exposures. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Knott, Katrina K.; O'Hara, Todd M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Schenk, Patricia; Beyerlein, Susan] Michigan State Univ, Diagnost Ctr Populat & Anim Hlth, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Boyd, Daryle; Ylitalo, Gina M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Knott, KK (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Inst Arctic Biol, POB 757000, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM kkknott@alaska.edu; schenk@dcpah.msu.edu; beyerlein@dcpah.msu.edu; daryle.boyd@noaa.gov; gina.ylitalo@noaa.gov; tmohara@alaska.edu FU National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), National Institutes of Health (NIH) [5P20RR016466]; University of Alaska Fairbanks Center; Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research (CIFAR); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), University of Alaska [NA08OAR4320751] FX Funding for this project was provided by Grant number 5P20RR016466 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NCRR or NIH. Laboratory analyses, staff support, and fellowship to K. Knott were provided by the Alaska IDEA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) Program. This research was also supported through a University of Alaska Fairbanks Center for Global Change Student Award funded by the Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research (CIFAR) with funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under cooperative agreement NA08OAR4320751 with the University of Alaska. NR 74 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 111 IS 8 BP 1124 EP 1136 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2011.08.009 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 850FC UT WOS:000297179500018 PM 21903210 ER PT J AU Friedland, KD Lynch, PD Gobler, CJ AF Friedland, Kevin D. Lynch, Patrick D. Gobler, Christopher J. TI Time Series Mesoscale Response of Atlantic Menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus to Variation in Plankton Abundances SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Phytoplankton; zooplankton; filtration; Chesapeake Bay; water quality ID ESTUARY-DEPENDENT FISHES; CHESAPEAKE BAY; YORK RIVER; COCHLODINIUM-POLYKRIKOIDES; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; SUSPENSION-FEEDERS; SWIMMING SPEED; MYTILUS-EDULIS; WATER-QUALITY; FOOD WEBS AB A time series of relative abundance of Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus was compared with concomitant time series of phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance in the York River, Virginia. Menhaden catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) was measured from pound net catches and disaggregated by fish size. Phytoplankton and zooplankton were enumerated and assigned to general taxonomic categories from collection stations in proximity to the pound nets. The CPUE data were divided into juvenile and adult categories and segmented over time based on transition points in the time series identified using sequential t test analysis of regime shifts (STARS). Transitions in adult CPUE were more closely associated with transitions in zooplankton abundance than with changes in phytoplankton abundance. The data suggest that menhaden adjust their mesoscale distributions within a large estuarine system like Chesapeake Bay based on changing patterns of zooplankton prey and independently of phytoplankton blooms. This distribution preference is attributed to the efficiency in which the fish filter various sizes of particles from the water column. The exception to this trend occurred in late summer when menhaden abundance declined in the York River despite the high abundance of suitable prey. This was likely the result of a bloom of the ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides, which maintained densities known to be lethal to fish for 1 month. Collectively, these results suggest that adult menhaden play a minimal role in providing ecosystem filtration and may actually promote primary production through the removal of zooplankton grazers and the excretion of nutrients. C1 [Friedland, Kevin D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Lynch, Patrick D.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Gobler, Christopher J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Friedland, KD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM kevin.friedland@noaa.gov NR 70 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 20 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1148 EP 1158 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-10-00171.1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 851NR UT WOS:000297278300014 ER PT J AU Belter, C AF Belter, Christopher TI No experience SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 NOAA Cent Lib, LAC Grp, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Belter, C (reprint author), NOAA Cent Lib, LAC Grp, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 136 IS 18 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 853PT UT WOS:000297438900005 ER PT J AU Clarke, TM Rodovsky, DB Herzing, AA Peet, J Dennler, G DeLongchamp, D Lungenschmied, C Mozer, AJ AF Clarke, Tracey M. Rodovsky, Deanna B. Herzing, Andrew A. Peet, Jeff Dennler, Gilles DeLongchamp, Dean Lungenschmied, Christoph Mozer, Attila J. TI Significantly Reduced Bimolecular Recombination in a Novel Silole-Based Polymer: Fullerene Blend SO ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE charge transport; conducting polymers; organic electronics; photovoltaic devices ID HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR-CELLS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; PERFORMANCE; MORPHOLOGY; FILMS C1 [Clarke, Tracey M.; Mozer, Attila J.] Univ Wollongong, ARC Ctr Excellence Electromat Sci, Intelligent Polymer Res Inst, N Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia. [Rodovsky, Deanna B.; Herzing, Andrew A.; DeLongchamp, Dean] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rodovsky, Deanna B.; Peet, Jeff; Dennler, Gilles; Lungenschmied, Christoph] Konarka Technol, Lowell, MA 01852 USA. [Dennler, Gilles] IMRA Europe, F-06904 Sophia Antipolis, France. RP Clarke, TM (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, ARC Ctr Excellence Electromat Sci, Intelligent Polymer Res Inst, N Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia. EM tclarke@uow.edu.au; attila@uow.edu.au RI Herzing, Andrew/D-6239-2012; Mozer, Attila/D-4944-2011; Dennler, Gilles/C-6927-2011 OI Mozer, Attila/0000-0002-8500-606X; Dennler, Gilles/0000-0002-1564-5632 FU Australian Research Council FX The authors thank Russel Gaudiana and Andrew Nattestad for helpful discussions. This research was supported under the Australian Research Council's Linkage Projects funding scheme. NR 27 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 28 PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN, MA 02148-529 USA SN 1614-6832 J9 ADV ENERGY MATER JI Adv. Energy Mater. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 1 IS 6 BP 1062 EP 1067 DI 10.1002/aenm.201100390 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 848MU UT WOS:000297056500014 ER PT J AU Chau, KJ Lezec, HJ AF Chau, Kenneth J. Lezec, Henri J. TI Revisiting the Balazs thought experiment in the presence of loss: electromagnetic-pulse-induced displacement of a positive-index slab having arbitrary complex permittivity and permeability SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID RADIATION PRESSURE; MAGNETIC MEDIA; ENERGY AB Over a half-century ago, Balazs proposed a thought experiment to deduce the form of electromagnetic momentum in a lossless and non-dispersive slab by imposing conservation of global momentum and system center-of-mass velocity after a pulse has traveled through the slab. Here, we revisit the Balazs thought experiment by explicit calculations of momentum transfer and center-of-mass displacement of a non-dispersive, positive-index slab of arbitrary complex permittivity and permeability using a set of postulates consisting only of Maxwell's equations, a generalized Lorentz force law, the Abraham form of the electromagnetic momentum density, and conservation of both pulse and slab mass. In the case where the slab is lossless, we show that a pulse of arbitrary shape incident onto the slab conserves both global momentum and system center-of-mass velocity, consistent with the starting postulates of the Balazs thought experiment. In the case where the slab is lossy, we show, within the context of the above postulates, that global momentum is always conserved and that system center-of-mass velocity is conserved only when mass transfer from the pulse to the slab is described by an incremental pulse-mass-transfer model, proposed here, in which the pulse deposits mass in the slab with a distribution corresponding to the instantaneous mass density profile of the pulse. C1 [Chau, Kenneth J.; Lezec, Henri J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lezec, HJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM henri.lezec@nist.gov RI Chau, Kenneth/H-9020-2012 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) FX The authors acknowledge helpful discussions with M. Mansuripur and J. Weiner. K.J.C. acknowledges support by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 105 IS 2 BP 267 EP 281 DI 10.1007/s00339-011-6620-9 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 846DR UT WOS:000296877900002 ER PT J AU Naik, D Trenkwalder, A Kohstall, C Spiegelhalder, FM Zaccanti, M Hendl, G Schreck, F Grimm, R Hanna, TM Julienne, PS AF Naik, D. Trenkwalder, A. Kohstall, C. Spiegelhalder, F. M. Zaccanti, M. Hendl, G. Schreck, F. Grimm, R. Hanna, T. M. Julienne, P. S. TI Feshbach resonances in the Li-6-K-40 Fermi-Fermi mixture: elastic versus inelastic interactions SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; SCATTERING LENGTH; MOLECULES; GASES; COLLISIONS; ATOMS; OSCILLATIONS AB We present a detailed theoretical and experimental study of Feshbach resonances in the Li-6-K-40 mixture. Particular attention is given to the inelastic scattering properties, which have not been considered before. As an important example, we thoroughly investigate both elastic and inelastic scattering properties of a resonance that occurs near 155 G. Our theoretical predictions based on a coupled channels calculation are found in excellent agreement with the experimental results. We also present theoretical results on the molecular state that underlies the 155 G resonance, in particular concerning its lifetime against spontaneous dissociation. We then present a survey of resonances in the system, fully characterizing the corresponding elastic and inelastic scattering properties. This provides the essential information to identify optimum resonances for applications relying on interaction control in this Fermi-Fermi mixture. C1 [Naik, D.; Trenkwalder, A.; Kohstall, C.; Spiegelhalder, F. M.; Zaccanti, M.; Hendl, G.; Schreck, F.; Grimm, R.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantenopt & Quanteninformat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Kohstall, C.; Grimm, R.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Zaccanti, M.] Univ Florence, Dept Phys, LENS, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. [Zaccanti, M.] INO CNR, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. [Hanna, T. M.; Julienne, P. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hanna, T. M.; Julienne, P. S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Naik, D (reprint author), Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantenopt & Quanteninformat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM rudolf.grimm@uibk.ac.at RI Schreck, Florian/C-9206-2009; Grimm, Rudolf/D-2864-2009; Zaccanti, Matteo/D-2474-2014; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012; OI Schreck, Florian/0000-0001-8225-8803; Grimm, Rudolf/0000-0003-1085-5558; Zaccanti, Matteo/0000-0001-6214-4921; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442; Trenkwalder, Andreas/0000-0002-3066-5025 FU Austrian Science Fund (FWF); European Science Foundation (ESF); AFOSR FX We thank Bo Gao for stimulating discussions. We acknowledge support by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) and the European Science Foundation (ESF) within the EuroQUAM/FerMix project and support by the FWF through the SFB FoQuS. T.M.H. and P.S.J. acknowledge support from an AFOSR MURI on Ultracold Molecules. NR 63 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6060 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD NOV PY 2011 VL 65 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 65 DI 10.1140/epjd/e2010-10591-2 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 849PG UT WOS:000297137000009 ER PT J AU Daley, AJ Ye, J Zoller, P AF Daley, A. J. Ye, J. Zoller, P. TI State-dependent lattices for quantum computing with alkaline-earth-metal atoms SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL LATTICE; MOTT INSULATOR; RYDBERG BLOCKADE; NEUTRAL ATOMS; SINGLE ATOMS; REGIME; TRAPS; IONS; GAS AB Recent experimental progress with Alkaline-Earth atoms has opened the door to quantum computing schemes in which qubits are encoded in long-lived nuclear spin states, and the metastable electronic states of these species are used for manipulation and readout of the qubits. Here we discuss a variant of these schemes, in which gate operations are performed in nuclear-spin-dependent optical lattices, formed by near-resonant coupling to the metastable excited state. This provides an alternative to a previous scheme [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 170504 (2008)], which involved independent lattices for different electronic states. As in the previous case, we show how existing ideas for quantum computing with Alkali atoms such as entanglement via controlled collisions can be freed from important technical restrictions. We also provide additional details on the use of collisional losses from metastable states to perform gate operations via a lossy blockade mechanism. C1 [Daley, A. J.; Zoller, P.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Daley, A. J.; Zoller, P.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Daley, A. J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ye, J.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Daley, AJ (reprint author), Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM adaley@pitt.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Daley, Andrew/F-5366-2014; Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014 OI Daley, Andrew/0000-0001-9005-7761; Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505 FU DARPA; NIST; NSF; Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) [SFB F40]; ESF EuroQUAM network [I118-N16]; EU Network NAMEQUAM; EU Network AQUTE FX We thank Martin Boyd for close collaboration on the previously presented scheme for quantum computing with alkaline earth atoms (Ref. [14]), and for estimates of polarizabilities used in Figure 4. We thank L.-M. Duan, A. Gorshkov, C. Greene, and M. Lukin for stimulating discussions. J.Y. and P.Z. thank Caltech for hospitality during the course of this work, and A.J.D. thanks the Institute for Quantum Information at Caltech for hospitality. Work at JILA is supported by DARPA, NIST and NSF. Work in Innsbruck was supported by the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) through SFB F40 FOQUS and EuroQUAM_DQS (I118-N16) as part of the ESF EuroQUAM network, and also by the EU Networks NAMEQUAM and AQUTE. NR 57 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6060 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD NOV PY 2011 VL 65 IS 1-2 BP 207 EP 217 DI 10.1140/epjd/e2011-20095-2 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 849PG UT WOS:000297137000025 ER PT J AU Kai, Y Sakai, K Orr, JW Nakabo, T AF Kai, Yoshiaki Sakai, Keiichi Orr, James W. Nakabo, Tetsuji TI Secondary contact in the Sea of Japan: the case of the Careproctus rastrinus species complex (Liparidae) SO ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Careproctus rastrinus species complex; AFLP; Secondary contact; Sea of Japan ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; FISH; VICARIANCE; ATLANTIC; ECOLOGY; AFLP AB The Careproctus rastrinus species complex, widely known from the North Pacific, has been revealed recently to include nine genetically divergent groups on the basis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variations. Herein we describe an AFLP analysis that focuses on three closely related groups in order to clarify the evolutionary history of the species complex in the Sea of Japan and off the Pacific coast of Japan. A principal coordinate analysis indicated the absence of nuclear divergence in two groups defined by mtDNA variations in the Sea of Japan, whereas another group from the Pacific coast of northern Japan was clearly distinct. This suggests extensive gene flow between two groups in the Sea of Japan as a result of secondary contact. C1 [Kai, Yoshiaki] Kyoto Univ, Field Sci Educ, Maizuru Fisheries Res Stn, Kyoto 6250086, Japan. [Kai, Yoshiaki] Kyoto Univ, Res Ctr, Kyoto 6250086, Japan. [Sakai, Keiichi] Noto Marine Ctr, Noto, Ishikawa 9270552, Japan. [Orr, James W.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Nakabo, Tetsuji] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto Univ Museum, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. RP Kai, Y (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Field Sci Educ, Maizuru Fisheries Res Stn, Kyoto 6250086, Japan. EM mebaru@kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [20370034] FX We greatly appreciate T.W. Pietsch and K.P. Maslenikov (UW) for curatorial assistance. We sincerely thank A. Yamasaki, T. Miyajima, K. Fujiwara, and the crews of R/V Heianmaru (Kyoto Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Technology Center, Japan) and T. Wada (Fukushima Prefecture, Japan) for help in collecting specimens. This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (20370034). NR 17 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1341-8998 J9 ICHTHYOL RES JI Ichthyol. Res. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 58 IS 4 BP 366 EP 369 DI 10.1007/s10228-011-0226-2 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 844IJ UT WOS:000296740600010 ER PT J AU Minnis, P Sun-Mack, S Young, DF Heck, PW Garber, DP Chen, Y Spangenberg, DA Arduini, RF Trepte, QZ Smith, WL Ayers, JK Gibson, SC Miller, WF Hong, G Chakrapani, V Takano, Y Liou, KN Xie, Y Yang, P AF Minnis, Patrick Sun-Mack, Szedung Young, David F. Heck, Patrick W. Garber, Donald P. Chen, Yan Spangenberg, Douglas A. Arduini, Robert F. Trepte, Qing Z. Smith, William L., Jr. Ayers, J. Kirk Gibson, Sharon C. Miller, Walter F. Hong, Gang Chakrapani, Venkatesan Takano, Yoshihide Liou, Kuo-Nan Xie, Yu Yang, Ping TI CERES Edition-2 Cloud Property Retrievals Using TRMM VIRS and Terra and Aqua MODIS Data-Part I: Algorithms SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Climate; cloud; cloud remote sensing; Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES); MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS); Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) ID ENERGY SYSTEM CERES; LIQUID WATER CLOUDS; DIURNAL VARIABILITY; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; REGIONAL CLOUD; SATELLITE; ICE; CHANNELS; FIRE; MICROPHYSICS AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Project was designed to improve our understanding of the relationship between clouds and solar and longwave radiation. This is achieved using satellite broad-band instruments to map the top-of-atmosphere radiation fields with coincident data from satellite narrow-band imagers employed to retrieve the properties of clouds associated with those fields. This paper documents the CERES Edition-2 cloud property retrieval system used to analyze data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Visible and Infrared Scanner and by the MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectrometer instruments on board the Terra and Aqua satellites covering the period 1998 through 2007. Two daytime retrieval methods are explained: the Visible Infrared Shortwave-infrared Split-window Technique for snow-free surfaces and the Shortwave-infrared Infrared Near-infrared Technique for snow or ice-covered surfaces. The Shortwave-infrared Infrared Split-window Technique is used for all surfaces at night. These methods, along with the ancillary data and empirical parameterizations of cloud thickness, are used to derive cloud boundaries, phase, optical depth, effective particle size, and condensed/frozen water path at both pixel and CERES footprint levels. Additional information is presented, detailing the potential effects of satellite calibration differences, highlighting methods to compensate for spectral differences and correct for atmospheric absorption and emissivity, and discussing known errors in the code. Because a consistent set of algorithms, auxiliary input, and calibrations across platforms are used, instrument and algorithm-induced changes in the data record are minimized. This facilitates the use of the CERES data products for studying climate-scale trends. C1 [Minnis, Patrick; Young, David F.; Garber, Donald P.; Smith, William L., Jr.] Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Sun-Mack, Szedung; Chen, Yan; Spangenberg, Douglas A.; Arduini, Robert F.; Trepte, Qing Z.; Ayers, J. Kirk; Gibson, Sharon C.; Miller, Walter F.; Hong, Gang; Chakrapani, Venkatesan] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Heck, Patrick W.] Univ Wisconsin, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Cooperat Inst Meteorol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Takano, Yoshihide; Liou, Kuo-Nan] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Takano, Yoshihide; Liou, Kuo-Nan] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Xie, Yu; Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Minnis, P (reprint author), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Patrick.Minnis-1@nasa.gov RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Hong, Gang/A-2323-2012; Garber, Donald/D-7427-2015 OI Garber, Donald/0000-0001-7387-3628; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth Science Enterprise Office through the CERES FX Manuscript received December 22, 2009; revised January 27, 2011; accepted March 23, 2011. Date of publication June 7, 2011; date of current version October 28, 2011. This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth Science Enterprise Office through the CERES Project. NR 58 TC 145 Z9 146 U1 3 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2011 VL 49 IS 11 BP 4374 EP 4400 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2144601 PN 2 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 851ON UT WOS:000297280500002 ER PT J AU Zhang, XY Kondragunta, S Quayle, B AF Zhang, Xiaoyang Kondragunta, Shobha Quayle, Brad TI Estimation of Biomass Burned Areas Using Multiple-Satellite-Observed Active Fires SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Active fires; burned areas; fire duration; fire size; multiple satellites; validation ID BOREAL FOREST; BURNING EMISSIONS; SOUTHERN AFRICA; RESOLUTION DATA; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; TIME-SERIES; AIR-QUALITY; MODIS DATA; VALIDATION AB Biomass burning releases a significant amount of trace gases and aerosols into the atmosphere and affects climate change, carbon cycle, and air quality. Accurate estimates of emissions depend strongly on the calculations of burned areas. Here, we present an algorithm that is used to derive burned areas by blending active fire observations from multiple satellites which are provided in the Hazard Mapping System (HMS). The HMS consolidates automated fire detections from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Imager, Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), and MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Our goals are to derive burned areas in each GOES fire pixel across contiguous United States (CONUS) from 2004 to 2007 and to validate the estimates using Landsat Thematic Mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (TM/ETM+) burn scars and National Fire Inventory data. The results show that annual fire events burn 0.4% (3.4 x 10(4) km(2)) of total land across CONUS, which consists of 0.49% of total forests, 0.64% of savannas, 0.68% of shrublands, 0.40% of grasslands, and 0.30% of croplands. The large burned areas are dominantly distributed in the western CONUS, followed by the states in the southeast region and along the Mississippi Valley. Extensive validation shows that MODIS+AVHRR+GOES instruments greatly improve the determination of fire duration and fire detection rate compared to single instrument detections. The detection rate of small fire events (< 10 km(2)) from multiple instruments is 24% and 36% higher than that from MODIS and GOES, respectively. The error in the burned-area estimate is less than 30% in individual ecosystems, and it decreases exponentially with the increase of burn scar size. Overall, the accuracy of total burned area across CONUS is 98.9% when compared to TM/ETM+-based burn scars and 83% when compared to national inventory data. C1 [Zhang, Xiaoyang] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Zhang, Xiaoyang; Kondragunta, Shobha] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Quayle, Brad] US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. RP Zhang, XY (reprint author), Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. EM Xiaoyang.Zhang@noaa.gov; Shobha.Kondragunta@noaa.gov; bquayle@fs.fed.us RI Zhang, Xiaoyang/E-3208-2010; Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046 NR 53 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2011 VL 49 IS 11 BP 4469 EP 4482 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2149535 PN 2 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 851ON UT WOS:000297280500007 ER PT J AU Yang, H Weng, FZ Lv, LQ Lu, NM Liu, GF Bai, M Qian, QY He, JK Xu, HX AF Yang, Hu Weng, Fuzhong Lv, Liqing Lu, Naimeng Liu, Gaofeng Bai, Ming Qian, Qiaoyuan He, Jiakai Xu, Hongxin TI The FengYun-3 Microwave Radiation Imager On-Orbit Verification SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Calibration; FengYun (FY)-3; microwave radiometer; remote sensing ID SENSOR; IMAGER/SOUNDER; CALIBRATION; RADIOMETER; SSM/I AB The Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI) on board the FengYun-3A/B satellites observes the Earth atmosphere at 10.65, 18.7, 23.8, 36.5, and 89.0 GHz with each having dual polarization. Its calibration system is uniquely designed with a main reflector viewing both cold and hot calibration targets. Two quasi-optical reflectors are used to reflect the radiation from the hot load and cold space to the main reflector. In the MWRI calibration process, a radiation loss in the beam transmission path must be taken into account. The loss factor in the hot load transmission path is derived using the antenna pattern data measured on ground and satellite data observing over the Amazon forest where the scene temperature is steady and close to the hot load. The instrument nonlinearity factors at different channels are also evaluated over a wide range of brightness temperatures and compared with the results from the ground vacuum test. After a cross-calibration with Windsat data, atmospheric products are derived from MWRI brightness temperatures with the accuracy similar to those from the legacy sensors (e.g., the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager). C1 [Yang, Hu; Lu, Naimeng] Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Weng, Fuzhong] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Lv, Liqing; Liu, Gaofeng; Qian, Qiaoyuan; He, Jiakai; Xu, Hongxin] Shanghai Inst Space Commun Technol, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Bai, Ming] Beijing Aviat Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Yang, H (reprint author), Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM yanghu@cma.gov.cn; fuzhong.weng@noaa.gov; 13817511610@139.com; lunm@cma.gov.cn; mbai@buaa.edu.cn RI Yang, Hu (Tiger)/A-4483-2014; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU China National Science Foundation [40601061] FX Manuscript received July 2, 2009; revised February 4, 2010, July 7, 2010, November 21, 2010, and March 26, 2011; accepted April 11, 2011. Date of publication June 16, 2011; date of current version October 28, 2011. This work was supported in part by the China National Science Foundation Project "land type classification based microwave canopy index and its application in surface soil moisture retrieval" under Grant 40601061. NR 11 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2011 VL 49 IS 11 BP 4552 EP 4560 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2148200 PN 2 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 851ON UT WOS:000297280500014 ER PT J AU Zha, CL Dumas, RK Lau, JW Mohseni, SM Sani, SR Golosovsky, IV Monsen, AF Nogues, J Akerman, J AF Zha, C. L. Dumas, R. K. Lau, J. W. Mohseni, S. M. Sani, Sohrab R. Golosovsky, I. V. Monsen, A. F. Nogues, J. Akerman, Johan TI Nanostructured MnGa films on Si/SiO2 with 20.5 kOe room temperature coercivity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; FEPT; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEPENDENCE AB Nanostructured Mn67Ga33 films exhibiting high room temperature coercivity (H-C = 20.5 kOe) have been prepared by sputtering onto thermally oxidized Si substrates. Both the morphology and the coercivity of the films can be tuned by varying the growth parameters. The low deposition rate film, sputtered at a reduced power and working pressure, demonstrates a discontinuous island-like growth and the highest H-C. The large H-C is linked to the presence of the high anisotropy DO22 Mn3Ga phase and the single domain character of the exchange isolated, dipolar interacting, single crystal islands. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3656457] C1 [Zha, C. L.; Mohseni, S. M.; Sani, Sohrab R.; Nogues, J.; Akerman, Johan] Royal Inst Technol KTH, S-16440 Kista, Sweden. [Zha, C. L.; Monsen, A. F.] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Dept Phys, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Dumas, R. K.; Akerman, Johan] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Phys, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Lau, J. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Golosovsky, I. V.] St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg 188300, Russia. [Nogues, J.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Nogues, J.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, ICN CSIC CIN2, Catalan Inst Nanotechnol, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain. RP Zha, CL (reprint author), Royal Inst Technol KTH, Electrum 229, S-16440 Kista, Sweden. EM chaolinzha@gmail.com; akerman1@kth.se RI Dumas, Randy/E-3077-2010; Akerman, Johan/B-5726-2008; Nogues, Josep/D-7791-2012; Lau, June/C-7509-2013 OI Dumas, Randy/0000-0001-5505-2172; Akerman, Johan/0000-0002-3513-6608; Nogues, Josep/0000-0003-4616-1371; FU Swedish Foundation for strategic Research (SSF); Swedish Research Council (VR); Goran Gustafsson Foundation; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Catalan DGR [2009SGR1292]; Spanish MICINN [MAT2010-20616-C02]; EU ONDA [FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES-247518]; Russian RFBR [10-02-00576]; MESRF [16.518.11.7034]; Generalitat de Catalunya [2010 PIV 00096] FX C.Z. thanks Dr. Erik Wahlstrom for the critical comments on this manuscript. We are grateful to S. Lidin for giving us access to the PPMS. Support from The Swedish Foundation for strategic Research (SSF), The Swedish Research Council (VR), the Goran Gustafsson Foundation, and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. J.N. would like to thank the Catalan DGR (2009SGR1292), and the Spanish MICINN (MAT2010-20616-C02) projects for partial financial support. I. V. G. thanks the EU ONDA project (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES-247518), the Russian RFBR 10-02-00576 and MESRF 16.518.11.7034 grants and the Generalitat de Catalunya for his sabbatical fellowship (2010 PIV 00096). J.A. is a Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow supported by a grant from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 110 IS 9 AR 093902 DI 10.1063/1.3656457 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 848OY UT WOS:000297062100064 ER PT J AU Padilla, LE Vallis, GK Rowley, CW AF Padilla, Lauren E. Vallis, Geoffrey K. Rowley, Clarence W. TI Probabilistic Estimates of Transient Climate Sensitivity Subject to Uncertainty in Forcing and Natural Variability SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; PROJECTIONS; MODEL; 21ST-CENTURY; PREDICTIONS AB In this paper, the authors address the impact of uncertainty on estimates of transient climate sensitivity (TCS) of the globally averaged surface temperature, including both uncertainty in past forcing and internal variability in the climate record. This study provides a range of probabilistic estimates of the TCS that combine these two sources of uncertainty for various underlying assumptions about the nature of the uncertainty. The authors also provide estimates of how quickly the uncertainty in the TCS may be expected to diminish in the future as additional observations become available. These estimates are made using a nonlinear Kalman filter coupled to a stochastic, global energy balance model, using the filter and observations to constrain the model parameters. This study verifies that model and filter are able to emulate the evolution of a comprehensive, state-of-the-art atmosphere ocean general circulation model and to accurately predict the TCS of the model, and then apply the methodology to observed temperature and forcing records of the twentieth century. For uncertainty assumptions best supported by global surface temperature data up to the present time, this paper finds a most likely present-day estimate of the transient climate sensitivity to be 1.6 K, with 90% confidence the response will fall between 1.3 and 2.6 K, and it is estimated that this interval may be 45% smaller by the year 2030. The authors calculate that emissions levels equivalent to forcing of less than 475 ppmv CO(2) concentration are needed to ensure that the transient temperature response will not exceed 2 K with 95% confidence. This is an assessment for the short-to-medium term and not a recommendation for long-term stabilization forcing; the equilibrium temperature response to this level of CO(2) may be much greater. The flat temperature trend of the last decade has a detectable but small influence on TCS. This study describes how the results vary if different uncertainty assumptions are made and shows they are robust to variations in the initial prior probability assumptions. C1 [Vallis, Geoffrey K.] Princeton Univ, AOS Program, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Vallis, GK (reprint author), Princeton Univ, AOS Program, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM gkv@princeton.edu RI Rowley, Clarence/F-9068-2013 FU DOE [DE-SC0005189]; FAA FX We thank Jonathan Gregory for providing the forcing used in Gregory and Forster (2008) in digital form, and Isaac Held and Mike Winton for many conversations on this matter. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their detailed and constructive comments. This work was supported by DOE Grant DE-SC0005189 and the FAA under the Joint University Program. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 21 BP 5521 EP 5537 DI 10.1175/2011JCL13989.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 841TE UT WOS:000296535300004 ER PT J AU Tandon, NF Polvani, LM Davis, SM AF Tandon, Neil F. Polvani, Lorenzo M. Davis, Sean M. TI The Response of the Tropospheric Circulation to Water Vapor-Like Forcings in the Stratosphere SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TROPOPAUSE; CLIMATE; MODEL; PERTURBATIONS; TRENDS AB An idealized, dry general circulation model is used to examine the response of the tropospheric circulation to thermal forcings that mimic changes in stratospheric water vapor (SWV). It is found that SWV-like cooling in the stratosphere produces a poleward-shifted, strengthened jet and an expanded, weakened Hadley cell. This response is shown to be almost entirely driven by cooling located in the extratropical lower stratosphere; when cooling is limited to the tropical stratosphere, it generates a much weaker and qualitatively opposite response. It is demonstrated that these circulation changes arise independently of any changes in tropopause height, are insensitive to the detailed structure of the forcing function, and are robust to model resolution. The responses are quantitatively of the same order as those due to well-mixed greenhouse gases, suggesting a potentially significant contribution of SWV to past and future changes in the tropospheric circulation. C1 [Tandon, Neil F.; Polvani, Lorenzo M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Polvani, Lorenzo M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Davis, Sean M.] Univ Colorado, Div Chem Sci, NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Davis, Sean M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Tandon, NF (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, 500 W 120 St,Room 200 Mudd, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM nft2104@columbia.edu RI Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158; FU U.S. National Science Foundation; NASA [07-ASTR07-0004]; NOAA ACC FX We thank Karen Rosenlof and Shuguang Wang for helpful discussions and three anonymous reviewers for constructive feedback. NFT and LMP are supported by a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation. SMD is supported by NASA Aura Grant 07-ASTR07-0004 and the NOAA ACC program. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 21 BP 5713 EP 5720 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00069.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 841TE UT WOS:000296535300017 ER PT J AU Sen, S Srivastava, P Clement, TP Dane, JH Meng, H AF Sen, S. Srivastava, P. Clement, T. P. Dane, J. H. Meng, H. TI Simulating hydrologic response of a pasture hillslope in North Alabama using the Hortonian Infiltration and Runoff/On model SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Hortonian runoff; hydrologic modeling; runoff generation areas; runon; spatial variability; temporal variability ID SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; GENERATION AREAS; NEURAL-NETWORKS; SOIL; PHOSPHORUS; RAINFALL; DYNAMICS; CONNECTIVITY; EQUIFINALITY AB A physically based, fully distributed Hortonian Infiltration and Runoff/On hydrologic model was used to model infiltration excess as the dominant runoff generation mechanism on a pasture hillslope. The model was evaluated for its applicability to simulate spatial and temporal variability of runoff generation areas observed on a pasture hillslope in the Sand Mountain region of North Alabama, United States.Three rainfall events of varying intensity and duration were simulated for a highly instrumented pasture hillslope to study the dynamics of runoff generation and runon areas. Calibration and cross validation were performed on all three rainfall events. Performance of the Hortonian Infiltration and Runoff/On-simulated hydrographs was evaluated using root mean squared error, coefficient of determination and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency.The calibrated model for the first event resulted in a root mean squared error of 1.18 m(3) (41.7 ft(3)) for runoff volume; the next two events resulted in root mean squared errors of less than 1 m(3) (35.3 ft(3)). Similarly, the coefficient of determination and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency values for all three events were greater than 0.70 for the calibrated model. Results from cross validation showed that the Hortonian Infiltration and :Runoff/On model-simulated runoffs were in agreement with the observed data. In addition, the model simulated spatial and temporal variations in runoff generation, and runon areas were in agreement with observed variations. Model results helped explain the interactions among hydrologic and climatic characteristics, such as topography soil parameters, and rainfall variations, and their connections to surface runoff-generation processes. Although the model does not simulate subsurface lateral flow, it shows promise for identifying runoff generation and runon areas for controlling nonpoint source pollution from pasture hillslopes in this and similar regions. C1 [Sen, S.] Ashoka Trust Res Ecol & Environm, Gangtok, Sikkim, India. [Srivastava, P.] Auburn Univ, Dept Biosyst Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Clement, T. P.] Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Dane, J. H.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Meng, H.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Sen, S (reprint author), Ashoka Trust Res Ecol & Environm, Gangtok, Sikkim, India. RI Meng, Huan/F-5613-2010; Srivastava, Puneet/F-8390-2014 OI Meng, Huan/0000-0001-6449-890X; FU Alabama Water Resources Research Institute/US Geological Survey; Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station FX The authors wish to acknowledge the research funding provided by the Alabama Water Resources Research Institute/US Geological Survey and the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 66 IS 6 BP 411 EP 422 DI 10.2489/jswc.66.6.411 PG 12 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 850WO UT WOS:000297230500010 ER PT J AU Logerwell, E Rand, K Weingartner, TJ AF Logerwell, Elizabeth Rand, Kimberly Weingartner, Thomas J. TI Oceanographic characteristics of the habitat of benthic fish and invertebrates in the Beaufort Sea SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beaufort Sea; Polar cod; Eelpout; Snow crab; Oceanography ID COASTAL WATERS; ARCTIC-OCEAN; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; BARROW CANYON; ICE; ECOSYSTEM; ALASKA; SHELF; FLOW; COMMUNITIES AB We relate the spatial variability in the distribution of benthic taxa of the Beaufort Sea to oceanographic characteristics of their habitat with the goal of illustrating potential mechanisms linking climate change to Arctic marine communities. Offshore fish of the Beaufort Sea have not been surveyed since 1977 and no synchronous measures of fish distribution and the oceanographic characteristics of their habitat have been made previously. A survey was conducted during August 2008 in the western Beaufort Sea, Alaska. The distribution and abundance of benthic fish and invertebrates were assessed with standard bottom trawl survey methods. Oceanographic data were collected at each trawl station and at several locations between stations. The dominant benthic taxa, Polar cod (Boreogadus saida), eelpouts (Lycodes sp.), and snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) were associated with cold (<- 1.5 degrees C), high salinity (>33) water found offshore of the shelf break, derived from the Chukchi Sea. These waters are expected to be high in secondary productivity, such that we hypothesize that the distribution of fish and crab was driven by conditions favorable for successful foraging. Predictions of the impacts of climate change require an understanding of the mechanisms linking the distribution and abundance of marine organisms to their oceanographic habitat. Our study documents the association of dominant benthic fish and invertebrates of the Beaufort Sea with specific water mass types and is thus a step toward this understanding. C1 [Logerwell, Elizabeth; Rand, Kimberly] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Weingartner, Thomas J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Logerwell, E (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM libby.logerwell@noaa.gov FU U.S. Department of the Interior's Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE), Alaska Region [M07PG13152, AKC-058]; National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Alaska Fisheries Science Center's (AFSC) Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division (RACE) FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Department of the Interior's Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE), Alaska Region (Interagency Agreement M07PG13152 and AKC-058). We would like to thank the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Alaska Fisheries Science Center's (AFSC) Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division (RACE) for providing survey gear, support, and expertise. We would like to especially thank Heloise Chenelot of the University of Alaska Fairbanks for providing species identification on the invertebrates and Erika Acuna (RACE) for providing expertise on fish species identification in the Weld. James Orr and Duane Stevenson (RACE) provided taxonomic verification and identification of all fish species. Thanks to Sandra Parker-Stetter and Jennifer Nomura who were part of the scientific crew. We would like to thank the captain and crew of the F/V Ocean Explorer (Captain Darin Vanderpol and Raphael Guiterrez, Tom Giacalone, Joao DoMar, Ben Boyok, and Jessica Heaven) for a productive and safe research cruise. Finally, we thank the reviewers for their time and constructive input. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 61 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1783 EP 1796 DI 10.1007/s00300-011-1028-8 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 850NV UT WOS:000297202900015 ER PT J AU Liang, XL Sperling, BA Calizo, I Cheng, GJ Hacker, CA Zhang, Q Obeng, Y Yan, K Peng, HL Li, QL Zhu, XX Yuan, H Walker, ARH Liu, ZF Peng, LM Richter, CA AF Liang, Xuelei Sperling, Brent A. Calizo, Irene Cheng, Guangjun Hacker, Christina Ann Zhang, Qin Obeng, Yaw Yan, Kai Peng, Hailin Li, Qiliang Zhu, Xiaoxiao Yuan, Hui Walker, Angela R. Hight Liu, Zhongfan Peng, Lian-mao Richter, Curt A. TI Toward Clean and Crackless Transfer of Graphene SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE graphene transfer; clean; crackless; high device yields narrow performance metrics distribution ID LAYER GRAPHENE; FILMS; ELECTRON AB We present the results of a thorough study of wet chemical methods for transferring chemical vapor deposition grown graphene from the metal growth substrate to a device-compatible substrate. On the basis of these results, we have developed a "modified RCA clean" transfer method that has much better control of both contamination and crack formation and does not degrade the quality of the transferred graphene. Using this transfer method, high device yields, up to 97%, with a narrow device performance metrics distribution were achieved. This demonstration addresses an important step toward large-scale graphene-based electronic device applications. C1 [Liang, Xuelei; Sperling, Brent A.; Calizo, Irene; Cheng, Guangjun; Hacker, Christina Ann; Zhang, Qin; Obeng, Yaw; Walker, Angela R. Hight; Richter, Curt A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liang, Xuelei; Peng, Lian-mao] Peking Univ, Key Lab Phys & Chem Nanodevices, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Liang, Xuelei; Peng, Lian-mao] Peking Univ, Dept Elect, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Yan, Kai; Peng, Hailin; Liu, Zhongfan] Peking Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Li, Qiliang; Zhu, Xiaoxiao; Yuan, Hui] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Liang, XL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM liangxl@pku.edu.cn; curt.richter@nist.gov RI Peng, Hailin/F-1497-2010; Peng, Lianmao/E-2089-2011; Li, Minjie/B-2438-2013; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009; Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015; Liu, Zhong/P-2974-2014; Liang, Xuelei/C-4690-2013 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672; Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695; Liu, Zhong/0000-0001-5554-1902; FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2011CB921904]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [60971003]; George Manson University FX We acknowledge Dr. Houxun Miao and Dr. Lei Chen for their experimental help and Dr. Tian Shen for assistance with data analysis. X.L. was partially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2011CB921904) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60971003). Q.L. would like to acknowledge the support of George Manson University Seed Fund. The authors thank the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology's Nanofab Facility for device fabrication support, and Dr. Luigi Colombo of Texas Instruments for helpful discussions and suggestions. NR 25 TC 255 Z9 264 U1 31 U2 275 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD NOV PY 2011 VL 5 IS 11 BP 9144 EP 9153 DI 10.1021/nn203377t PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 849RR UT WOS:000297143300076 PM 21999646 ER PT J AU Bushby, ST AF Bushby, Steven T. TI Information Model Standard for Integrating Facilities with Smart Grid SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Bushby, Steven T.] NIST, Mech Syst & Controls Grp, Bldg Environm Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bushby, ST (reprint author), NIST, Mech Syst & Controls Grp, Bldg Environm Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 53 IS 11 BP B18 EP B22 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 848EX UT WOS:000297034400019 ER PT J AU Holmberg, D AF Holmberg, David TI Demand Response And Standards New Role for Buildings in the Smart Grid SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 NIST, Mech Syst & Controls Grp, Energy & Environm Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Holmberg, D (reprint author), NIST, Mech Syst & Controls Grp, Energy & Environm Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 53 IS 11 BP B23 EP B28 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 848EX UT WOS:000297034400020 ER PT J AU Pai, SS Hammouda, B Hong, KL Pozzo, DC Przybycien, TM Tilton, RD AF Pai, Sheetal S. Hammouda, Boualem Hong, Kunlun Pozzo, Danilo C. Przybycien, Todd M. Tilton, Robert D. TI The Conformation of the Poly(ethylene glycol) Chain in Mono-PEGylated Lysozyme and Mono-PEGylated Human Growth Hormone SO BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; PROTEIN PEGYLATION; PLGA MICROSPHERES; X-RAY; HEMOGLOBIN; ADSORPTION; ENCAPSULATION; RIBONUCLEASE; MOLECULES AB Covalent conjugation of poly(ethylene glycol) or "PEGylation" has proven an effective strategy to improve pharmaceutical protein efficacy by hindering recognition by proteases, inhibitors, and antibodies and by retarding renal clearance. Because it determines the strength and range of intermolecular steric forces and the hydrodynamic properties of the conjugates, the configuration of protein-conjugated PEG chains is the key factor determining how PEGylation alters protein in vivo circulation time. Mono-PEGylated proteins are typically described as having a protective PEG shroud wrapped around the protein, but recent dynamic light scattering studies suggested that conjugates adopt a dumbbell configuration, with a relatively unperturbed PEG random coil adjacent to the globular protein. We used small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to distinguish between the dumbbell model and the shroud model for chicken-egg lysozyme and human growth hormone covalently conjugated to a single 20 kDa PEG chain. The SANS contrast variation technique was used to isolate the PEG portion of the conjugate. Scattering intensity profiles were well described by the dumbbell model and inconsistent with the shroud model. C1 [Pai, Sheetal S.; Przybycien, Todd M.; Tilton, Robert D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Complex Fluids Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Przybycien, Todd M.; Tilton, Robert D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hong, Kunlun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hong, Kunlun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Pozzo, Danilo C.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Przybycien, TM (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Complex Fluids Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM todd@andrew.cmu.edu; tilton@andrew.cmu.edu RI Tilton, Robert/A-8267-2009; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015; OI Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111; Tilton, Robert/0000-0002-6535-9415 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CBET 0755284, DMR-0454672, DMR-0520547]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [CNMS2009-212]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX The identification of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose. This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant CBET 0755284 and utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. We thank Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, LLC, and Genentech, Inc., for their generous donation of mPEG-propionaldehyde and HGH, respectively. A portion of this research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, through the CNMS user program (user proposal number: CNMS2009-212). A portion of this research at ORNL's High Flux Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. This work benefited from DANSE software developed under NSF award DMR-0520547. NR 34 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 7 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1043-1802 J9 BIOCONJUGATE CHEM JI Bioconjugate Chem. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 22 IS 11 BP 2317 EP 2323 DI 10.1021/bc2003583 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 847VY UT WOS:000297001800014 PM 21950579 ER PT J AU Pichlova-Ptacnikova, R Vanderploeg, HA AF Pichlova-Ptacnikova, Radka Vanderploeg, Henry A. TI The quick and the dead: might differences in escape rates explain the changes in the zooplankton community composition of Lake Michigan after invasion by Bythotrephes? SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Prey escape response; Bythotrephes longimanus; Swimming behavior; Invasive species ID SWIMMING BEHAVIOR; HARP LAKE; INVERTEBRATE PREDATOR; CALANOID COPEPODS; SPECIES INVASION; INERT PARTICLES; DAPHNIA; LONGIMANUS; CANADA; SIZE AB We demonstrate that zooplankton escape abilities are consistent with the composition of the zooplankton community in the Great Lakes following the invasion of the visually preying invertebrate predator Bythotrephes longimanus. Escape abilities were analyzed by videotaping responses of free-swimming zooplankton to encounters with tethered Bythotrephes. Both maximum speed and maximum acceleration of the escape response were appreciably greater in Daphnia mendotae and diaptomids, whose populations remained relatively unchanged, than those of Daphnia retrocurva and Daphnia pulicaria, whose populations greatly decreased after the Bythotrephes invasion. Maximum speed of all species was higher in the light than in complete darkness, likely due to a different level of activity of Bythotrephes. Contrary to treatments with Bythotrephes, mean and maximum swimming speeds of all species were similar to each other and the same in light and dark in treatments without Bythotrephes. This implies that the prey were responding to infochemicals produced by Bythotrephes. C1 [Pichlova-Ptacnikova, Radka] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Chem & Biol Marine Environm, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany. [Vanderploeg, Henry A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Pichlova-Ptacnikova, R (reprint author), Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Chem & Biol Marine Environm, Schleusenstr 1, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany. EM ptacnikova@icbm.de FU Great Lakes Fisheries Commission FX We thank to crews of R/Vs Shenehon and Laurentian, and GLERL Lake Michigan field station personnel, namely Jack Workman, Bill Burns, Andrew Yagiela and Dennis Donahue. Qui Thai is appreciated for help with video recording, Steve Ruberg for programming of data recording software, and Robert Ptacnik for help with R program. We are especially appreciative of the reviewers and the Special Issue editor, Norman D. Yan, for greatly improving the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the Great Lakes Fisheries Commission. This is GLERL contribution No. 1582. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD NOV PY 2011 VL 13 IS 11 SI SI BP 2595 EP 2604 DI 10.1007/s10530-011-0076-x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 839GD UT WOS:000296352600012 ER PT J AU Ruff, CP Schindler, DE Armstrong, JB Bentley, KT Brooks, GT Holtgrieve, GW McGlauflin, MT Torgersen, CE Seeb, JE AF Ruff, Casey P. Schindler, Daniel E. Armstrong, Jonathan B. Bentley, Kale T. Brooks, Gabriel T. Holtgrieve, Gordon W. McGlauflin, Molly T. Torgersen, Christian E. Seeb, James E. TI Temperature-associated population diversity in salmon confers benefits to mobile consumers SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska, USA; behavioral adaptation; biocomplexity; habitat heterogeneity; habitat portfolio; life history variation; Pacific salmon; population diversity; rainbow trout; water temperature ID SOCKEYE-SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; GENETIC-DIVERGENCE; SOUTHWEST ALASKA; LARGE HERBIVORES; HETEROGENEITY; LANDSCAPE; EVOLUTION; COMMUNITY AB Habitat heterogeneity can generate intraspecific diversity through local adaptation of populations. While it is becoming increasingly clear that population diversity can increase stability in species abundance, less is known about how population diversity can benefit consumers that can integrate across population diversity in their prey. Here we demonstrate cascading effects of thermal heterogeneity on trout-salmon interactions in streams where rainbow trout rely heavily on the seasonal availability of anadromous salmon eggs. Water temperature in an Alaskan stream varied spatially from 5 degrees C to 17.5 degrees C, and spawning sockeye salmon showed population differentiation associated with this thermal heterogeneity. Individuals that spawned early in cool regions of the 5 km long stream were genetically differentiated from those spawning in warmer regions later in the season. Sockeye salmon spawning generates a pulsed resource subsidy that supports the majority of seasonal growth in stream-dwelling rainbow trout. The spatial and temporal structuring of sockeye salmon spawn timing in our focal stream extended the duration of the pulsed subsidy compared to a thermally homogeneous stream with a single population of salmon. Further, rainbow trout adopted movement strategies that exploited the multiple pulses of egg subsidies in the thermally heterogeneous stream. Fish that moved to track the resource pulse grew at rates about 2.5 times higher than those that remained stationary or trout in the reference stream with a single seasonal pulse of eggs. Our results demonstrate that habitat heterogeneity can have important effects on the population diversity of dominant species, and in turn, influence their value to species that prey upon them. Therefore, habitat homogenization may have farther-reaching ecological effects than previously considered. C1 [Ruff, Casey P.; Schindler, Daniel E.; Armstrong, Jonathan B.; Bentley, Kale T.; Holtgrieve, Gordon W.; McGlauflin, Molly T.; Seeb, James E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Brooks, Gabriel T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Torgersen, Christian E.] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr,Cascadia Field, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Ruff, CP (reprint author), AMEC 11810 N Creek Pkwy N, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. EM casruff@uw.edu RI Holtgrieve, Gordon/C-5371-2009 OI Holtgrieve, Gordon/0000-0002-4451-3567 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Alaska salmon processors; National Science Foundation; Claire L. and Evelyn S. Egtvedt Fellowship FX This work is a contribution from the Alaska Salmon Program and the University of Washington (UW) supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Alaska salmon processors, and the National Science Foundation. C. P. Ruff was generously supported by the Claire L. and Evelyn S. Egtvedt Fellowship to the UW School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences. Numerous people assisted with field work and data collection, including Peter Lisi, Brandon Chasco, Jackie Carter, Sam Kroiz, Juliette Mudra, Laura Payne, Matt Baker, Lauren Rogers, Morgan Schneidler, Thomas Reed, Michael Webster, Anne Hilborn, Erich Ruff, Peter Ruff, and Dodie Ruff. Additionally, Philip Roni, Peggy Wilzback, George Pess, Christopher Caudill, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments for improvement of the manuscript. We thank the staff of the Wood-Tikchik State Park (Bill Burkham and Johnny Evans) for assistance coordinating our field work. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 46 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2011 VL 92 IS 11 BP 2073 EP 2084 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 840GB UT WOS:000296426000009 PM 22164832 ER PT J AU Windom, BC Bruno, TJ AF Windom, Bret C. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Assessment of the Composition and Distillation Properties of Thermally Stressed RP-1 and RP-2: Application to Fuel Regenerative Cooling SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID DECREASED PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; SURROGATE MIXTURE MODEL; ROCKET PROPELLANTS RP-1; CURVE METHOD; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; DIESEL FUEL; AVIATION FUEL; PHYSICOCHEMICAL AUTHENTICITY; BIODIESEL FUEL; TURBINE FUELS AB In this work, we measured the volatility of thermally stressed samples of RP-1 and RP-2 rocket propellant kerosenes by use of the advanced distillation curve method. This work is part of a large program at NIST and other laboratories geared toward improving the operability of the hydrocarbon component of liquid fuel packages. Measuring the properties of thermally stressed rocket propellant kerosene is a necessary component of this overall effort. This is motivated by the use of the kerosene as a coolant before combustion in the engine. Samples of RP-1 and RP-2 were stressed at 475 and 510 degrees C, at a pressure of 17 kPa (2500 psi), for residence times of 0.5 min. Volatility measurements revealed significant changes early in the distillation curves, becoming very pronounced at the higher temperature. The volatility measurements were supplemented with chemical analyses and a calculation of the enthalpy of combustion as a function of distillate volume fraction. We note that the increase in volatility is explained by the significant increase of very light (lower molecular mass) components produced during the thermal stress. We also note that the enthalpy of combustion follows the same pattern as the volatility, as we have noted in previous studies. C1 [Windom, Bret C.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU Air Force Research Laboratory [MIPR-F1SBAA0138G001]; National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council FX The financial support of the Air Force Research Laboratory (MIPR-F1SBAA0138G001) is gratefully acknowledged. B.C.W. gratefully acknowledges a National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD NOV PY 2011 VL 25 IS 11 BP 5200 EP 5214 DI 10.1021/ef201077a PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 847VU UT WOS:000297001400036 ER PT J AU Tuna, G Ozkaya, F Dizdaroglu, M Kirkali, G AF Tuna, Gamze Ozkaya, Feriha Dizdaroglu, Miral Kirkali, Gueldal TI Oxidatively Induced DNA Base Damage and DNA Repair Enzyme Expression Levels in Alzheimer's Disease SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine (SFRBM) CY NOV 16-20, 2011 CL Atlanta, GA SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med (SFRBM) DE Oxidative DNA damage; Alzheimer's disease C1 [Tuna, Gamze; Ozkaya, Feriha; Kirkali, Gueldal] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Dept Med Biochem, Izmir, Turkey. [Dizdaroglu, Miral] NIST, Biochem Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 51 SU 1 BP S32 EP S33 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.10.080 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 848FS UT WOS:000297036600074 ER PT J AU Wang, CX Yang, P Baum, BA Platnick, S Heidinger, AK Hu, YX Holz, RE AF Wang, Chenxi Yang, Ping Baum, Bryan A. Platnick, Steven Heidinger, Andrew K. Hu, Yongxiang Holz, Robert E. TI Retrieval of Ice Cloud Optical Thickness and Effective Particle Size Using a Fast Infrared Radiative Transfer Model SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BULK SCATTERING PROPERTIES; MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; CIRRUS CLOUDS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; LIGHT-SCATTERING; ABSORPTION PROPERTIES; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; DOUBLING METHOD; CRYSTALS; MODIS AB A computationally efficient radiative transfer model (RTM) is developed for the inference of ice cloud optical thickness and effective particle size from satellite-based infrared (IR) measurements and is aimed at potential use in operational cloud-property retrievals from multispectral satellite imagery. The RTM employs precomputed lookup tables to simulate the top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) radiances (or brightness temperatures) at 8.5-, 11-, and 12-mu m bands. For the clear-sky atmosphere, the optical thickness of each atmospheric layer resulting from gaseous absorption is derived from the correlated-k-distribution method. The cloud reflectance, transmittance, emissivity, and effective temperature are precomputed using the Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer model (DISORT). For an atmosphere containing a semitransparent ice cloud layer with a visible optical thickness tau smaller than 5, the TOA brightness temperature differences (BTDs) between the fast model and the more rigorous DISORT results are less than 0.1 K, whereas the BTDs are less than 0.01 K if tau is larger than 10. With the proposed RTM, the cloud optical and microphysical properties are retrieved from collocated observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) in conjunction with the Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) data. Comparisons between the retrieved ice cloud properties (optical thickness and effective particle size) based on the present IR fast model and those from the Aqua/MODIS operational collection-5 cloud products indicate that the IR retrievals are smaller. A comparison between the IR-retrieved ice water path (IWP) and CALIOP-retrieved IWP shows robust agreement over most of the IWP range. C1 [Wang, Chenxi; Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Baum, Bryan A.; Holz, Robert E.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Platnick, Steven] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. [Hu, Yongxiang] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Yang, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM pyang@tamu.edu RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012; Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011; Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767; Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU NASA [NNX08AP57G, NNX11AF40G] FX This study was partially supported by NASA Grant NNX08AP57G. Bryan Baum and Ping Yang gratefully acknowledge the support provided through NASA Grant NNX11AF40G. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 55 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 50 IS 11 BP 2283 EP 2297 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-067.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 848UK UT WOS:000297080400008 ER PT J AU Wood, VT Brown, RA AF Wood, Vincent T. Brown, Rodger A. TI Simulated Tornadic Vortex Signatures of Tornado-Like Vortices Having One- and Two-Celled Structures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER VELOCITY SIGNATURES; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; RESOLUTION; DYNAMICS; KANSAS; TEXAS AB A tornadic vortex signature (TVS) is a degraded Doppler velocity signature that occurs when the tangential velocity core region of a tornado is smaller than the effective beamwidth of a sampling Doppler radar. Early Doppler radar simulations, which used a uniform reflectivity distribution across an idealized Rankine vortex, showed that the extreme Doppler velocity peaks of a TVS profile are separated by approximately one beamwidth. The simulations also indicated that neither the size nor the strength of the tornado is recoverable from a TVS. The current study was undertaken to investigate how the TVS might change if vortices having more realistic tangential velocity profiles were considered. The one-celled (axial updraft only) Burgers-Rott vortex model and the two-celled (annular updraft with axial downdraft) Sullivan vortex model were selected. Results of the simulations show that the TVS peaks still are separated by approximately one beamwidth signifying that the TVS not only is unaffected by the size or strength of a tornado but also is unaffected by whether the tornado structure consists of one or two cells. C1 [Wood, Vincent T.; Brown, Rodger A.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Wood, VT (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd,Rm 3921, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM vincent.wood@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 50 IS 11 BP 2338 EP 2342 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0118.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 848UK UT WOS:000297080400012 ER PT J AU Tang, KFJ Messick, GA Pantoja, CR Redman, RM Lightner, DV AF Tang, Kathy F. J. Messick, Gretchen A. Pantoja, Carlos R. Redman, Rita M. Lightner, Donald V. TI Histopathological characterization and in situ detection of Callinectes sapidus reovirus SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Callinectes sapidus reovirus; Viral guanylytransferase gene; In situ hybridization ID CRAB AB A reovirus (tentatively designated as Callinectes sapidus reovirus, CsRV) was found in the blue crabs C. sapidus collected in Chesapeake Bay in 2005. Histological examination of hepatopancreas and gill from infected crabs revealed eosinophilic to basophilic, cytoplasmic, inclusions in hemocytes and in cells of connective tissue. A cDNA library was constructed from total RNA extracted from hemolymph of infected crabs. One clone (designated as CsRV-28) with a 532-bp insert was 75% identical in nucleotide sequence (and 95% similar in translated amino acid sequence) to the quanylytransferase gene of the Scylla serrata reovirus (SsRV). The insert of CsRV-28 was labeled with digoxigenin-11-dUTP and hybridized to sections of hepatopancreas and gill of infected C. sapidus, this probe reacted to hemocytes and cells in the connective tissue. No reaction was seen in any of the tissues prepared from uninfected crabs. Thus, this in situ hybridization procedure can be used to diagnose CsRV. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tang, Kathy F. J.; Pantoja, Carlos R.; Redman, Rita M.; Lightner, Donald V.] Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Messick, Gretchen A.] NOAA NOS NCCOS, CCEHBR, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. RP Tang, KFJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM fengjyu@u.arizona.edu FU Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Consortium, USDA; National Fisheries Institute FX This work was supported by Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Consortium Marine Shrimp Farming Program, USDA and a special grant from National Fisheries Institute. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 108 IS 3 BP 226 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2011.08.010 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 837SG UT WOS:000296222900014 PM 21925184 ER PT J AU Lass, EA AF Lass, Eric A. TI Improved activation and hydrogen storage properties of a Mg85Ni15 melt-spun alloy via surface treatment with NH4+ solution SO MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Metals; Nanostructures; Crystallisation; Phase transitions; Thermodynamics properties ID MAGNESIUM; HYDRIDE; MG2NIH4 AB An amorphous Mg85Ni15 melt-spun hydrogen storage alloy, processed by submersion in an aqueous solution of NH4+, is able to absorb nearly 5 mass% hydrogen at 473 K during the first hydrogenation cycle. The nanocrystalline microstructure formed during devitrification of the metallic glass is preserved by the lower required activation temperature of the NH4+-treated material compared to the as-spun material; and the kinetics of subsequent absorption/desorption cycles at 573 K are dramatically improved. The material activated at 473 K exhibits a decrease in hydride decomposition temperature by 30 K. observed via DSC and TPD experiments, compared to a sample activated at 573 K. The NH4+-treatment of a glassy alloy presented here provides a practical alternative to ball milling for forming a nanocrystalline material and facilitating activation, requiring much less time and a more commercially scalable option. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lass, EA (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, 100 Bur Dr,M-S 8554, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.lass@nist.gov RI Lass, Eric/B-4586-2014 FU National Research Council under the NIST/NRC FX EAL would like to thank the National Research Council for support under the NIST/NRC Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0254-0584 J9 MATER CHEM PHYS JI Mater. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 130 IS 3 BP 937 EP 942 DI 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2011.08.015 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 845NT UT WOS:000296830500019 ER PT J AU Hafezi, M Demler, EA Lukin, MD Taylor, JM AF Hafezi, Mohammad Demler, Eugene A. Lukin, Mikhail D. Taylor, Jacob M. TI Robust optical delay lines with topological protection SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTIZED HALL CONDUCTANCE; WAVE-GUIDES; EDGE STATES; MICRORING RESONATORS; QUANTUM COMPUTATION; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SLOW-LIGHT; LOCALIZATION; TRANSPORT; REALIZATION AB Phenomena associated with the topological properties of physical systems can be naturally robust against perturbations. This robustness is exemplified by quantized conductance and edge state transport in the quantum Hall and quantum spin Hall effects. Here we show how exploiting topological properties of optical systems can be used to improve photonic devices. We demonstrate how quantum spin Hall Hamiltonians can be created with linear optical elements using a network of coupled resonator optical waveguides (CROW) in two dimensions. We find that key features of quantum Hall systems, including the characteristic Hofstadter butterfly and robust edge state transport, can be obtained in such systems. As a specific application, we show that topological protection can be used to improve the performance of optical delay lines and to overcome some limitations related to disorder in photonic technologies. C1 [Hafezi, Mohammad; Taylor, Jacob M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hafezi, Mohammad; Taylor, Jacob M.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Demler, Eugene A.; Lukin, Mikhail D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hafezi, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM hafezi@umd.edu RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Hafezi, Mohammad/A-1197-2008 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; Hafezi, Mohammad/0000-0003-1679-4880 FU US Army Research Office MURI [W911NF0910406]; NSF; AFOSR Quantum Simulation MURI; ARO-MURI on Atomtronics; Packard; DARPA QUEST; DARPA OLE; Harvard-MIT CUA FX The authors wish to thank G. Solomon, E. Waks, S. Fan and B. Halperin for helpful discussions. This research was supported by the US Army Research Office MURI award W911NF0910406, NSF, AFOSR Quantum Simulation MURI, ARO-MURI on Atomtronics, Packard, DARPA QUEST, DARPA OLE and Harvard-MIT CUA. NR 50 TC 242 Z9 243 U1 9 U2 62 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 7 IS 11 BP 907 EP 912 DI 10.1038/NPHYS2063 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 844ID UT WOS:000296740000022 ER PT J AU Yang, S Min, W Yang, RQ Higgins, W Renhe, Z AF Yang, Song Min, Wen Yang, Rongqian Higgins, Wayne Renhe, Zhang TI Impacts of Land Process on the Onset and Evolution of Asian Summer Monsoon in the NCEP Climate Forecast System SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Asian summer monsoon; NCEP Climate Forecast System; land models; land initial conditions ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EURASIAN SNOW COVER; INDIAN MONSOON; SOIL-MOISTURE; PRECIPITATION; MODEL; ENSO; SIMULATIONS; VARIABILITY; PREDICTION AB Impacts of land models and initial land conditions (ICs) on the Asian summer monsoon, especially its onset, were investigated using the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFS). Two land models, the Oregon State University (OSU) land model and the NCEP, OSU, Air Force, and Hydrologic Research Laboratory (Noah) land model, were used to get parallel experiments. The experiments also used land ICs from the NCEP/Department of Energy (DOE) Global Reanalysis 2 (GR2) and the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). Previous studies have demonstrated that, a systematic weak bias appears in the modeled monsoon, and this bias may be related to a cold bias over the Asian land mass. Results of the current study show that replacement of the OSU land model by the Noah land model improved the model's cold bias and produced improved monsoon precipitation and circulation patterns. The CFS predicted monsoon with greater proficiency in El Nino years, compared to La Nina years, and the Noah model performed better than the OSU model in monsoon predictions for individual years. These improvements occurred not only in relation to monsoon onset in late spring but also to monsoon intensity in summer. Our analysis of the monsoon features over the India peninsula, the Indo-China peninsula, and the South Chinese Sea indicates different degrees of improvement. Furthermore, a change in the land models led to more remarkable improvement in monsoon prediction than did a change from the GR2 land ICs to the GLDAS land ICs. C1 [Min, Wen; Renhe, Zhang] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Yang, Song; Higgins, Wayne] NOAAs Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Yang, Rongqian] NOAAs Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Min, W (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM wenmin@cams.cma.gov.cn RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009; AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 FU U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; China Meteorological Administration; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2009DFA21430]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40921003]; Basic Scientific Research and Operation Foundation of the CAMS [2010Z003] FX The authors thank Dr. Kenneth MITCHELL and Jesse MENG of the NOAA Environmental Modeling Center for several helpful discussions. The thorough reviews by two anonymous reviewers have improved the overall quality of the paper. Dr. WEN Min, partially supported by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the China Meteorological Administration bilateral program on climate and monsoons, thanks NOAA's Climate Prediction Center for hosting her visit while this study was conducted. This study was partially supported by the International S&T Cooperation Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2009DFA21430), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40921003), and the Basic Scientific Research and Operation Foundation of the CAMS (Grant No. 2010Z003). Dr. Zeng-Zhen HU and Dr. Hui WANG provided constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 63 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 13 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1301 EP 1317 DI 10.1007/s00376-011-0167-8 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 837MT UT WOS:000296208600007 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Cao, J Gao, ST AF Xu, Qin Cao Jie Gao Shouting TI Computing Streamfunction and Velocity Potential in a Limited Domain of Arbitrary Shape. Part I: Theory and Integral Formulae SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE integral formulae; streamfunction; velocity potential; domain of arbitrary shape ID ERROR COVARIANCE FUNCTIONS; WIND-FIELD; SERIES EXPANSION; RECONSTRUCTION; COMPUTATION; AREA AB The non-uniqueness of solution and compatibility between the coupled boundary conditions in computing velocity potential and streamfunction from horizontal velocity in a limited domain of arbitrary shape are revisited theoretically with rigorous mathematic treatments. Classic integral formulas and their variants are used to formulate solutions for the coupled problems. In the absence of data holes, the total solution is the sum of two integral solutions. One is the internally induced solution produced purely and uniquely by the domain internal divergence and vorticity, and its two components (velocity potential and streamfunction) can be constructed by applying Green's function for Poisson equation in unbounded domain to the divergence and vorticity inside the domain. The other is the externally induced solution produced purely but non-uniquely by the domain external divergence and vorticity, and the non-uniqueness is caused by the harmonic nature of the solution and the unknown divergence and vorticity distributions outside the domain. By setting either the velocity potential (or streamfunction) component to zero, the other component of the externally induced solution can be expressed by the imaginary (or real) part of the Cauchy integral constructed using the coupled boundary conditions and solvability conditions that exclude the internally induced solution. The streamfunction (or velocity potential) for the externally induced solution can also be expressed by the boundary integral of a double-layer (or single-layer) density function. In the presence of data holes, the total solution includes a data-hole-induced solution in addition to the above internally and externally induced solutions. C1 [Xu, Qin] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Cao Jie] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Cao Jie; Gao Shouting] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM Qin.Xu@noaa.gov RI Cao, Jie/G-4435-2012; AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 FU Office of Naval Research [N000141010778]; National Natural Sciences Foundation of China [40930950, 41075043, 4092116037]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1227] FX The authors are thankful to Dr. Robert Davies-Jones for reviewing the original manuscript and to Dr. Zhijin LI and Prof. Jifan CHOU for their comments and suggestions that improved the presentation of the results. The research was supported by the Office of Naval Research (Grant No. N000141010778) to the University of Oklahoma, and by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40930950, 41075043, and 4092116037) to the Institute of Atmospheric Physics. Funding was also provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement (No. NA17RJ1227), U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1433 EP 1444 DI 10.1007/s00376-011-0185-6 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 837MT UT WOS:000296208600018 ER PT J AU Jie, C Xu, Q AF Jie, Cao Xu, Qin TI Computing Streamfunction and Velocity Potential in a Limited Domain of Arbitrary Shape. Part II: Numerical Methods and Test Experiments SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE numerical method; streamfunction; velocity potential; domain of arbitrary shape ID SERIES EXPANSION; WIND-FIELD; RECONSTRUCTION; COMPUTATION; AREA AB Built on the integral formulas in Part I, numerical methods are developed for computing velocity potential and streamfunction in a limited domain. When there is no inner boundary (around a data hole) inside the domain, the total solution is the sum of the internally and externally induced parts. For the internally induced part, three numerical schemes (grid-staggering, local-nesting and piecewise continuous integration) are designed to deal with the singularity of the Green's function encountered in numerical calculations. For the externally induced part, by setting the velocity potential (or streamfunction) component to zero, the other component of the solution can be computed in two ways: (1) Solve for the density function from its boundary integral equation and then construct the solution from the boundary integral of the density function. (2) Use the Cauchy integral to construct the solution directly. The boundary integral can be discretized on a uniform grid along the boundary. By using local-nesting (or piecewise continuous integration), the scheme is refined to enhance the discretization accuracy of the boundary integral around each corner point (or along the entire boundary). When the domain is not free of data holes, the total solution contains a data-hole-induced part, and the Cauchy integral method is extended to construct the externally induced solution with irregular external and internal boundaries. An automated algorithm is designed to facilitate the integrations along the irregular external and internal boundaries. Numerical experiments are performed to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of each scheme relative to others. C1 [Xu, Qin] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Jie, Cao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Jie, Cao] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM Qin.Xu@noaa.gov RI AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014; Cao, Jie/G-4435-2012 FU Office of Naval Research [N000141010778]; National Natural Sciences Foundation of China [40930950, 41075043, 4092116037]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1227] FX The authors are thankful to Dr. Robert Davies-Jones for reviewing the original manuscript and to Dr. Zhijin LI and Prof. CHOU Jifan for their comments and suggestions that improved the presentation of the results. The research was supported by the Office of Naval Research (Grant No. N000141010778) to the University of Oklahoma, and by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40930950, 41075043, and 4092116037) to the Institute of Atmospheric Physics. Funding was also provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement No. (NA17RJ1227), U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1445 EP 1458 DI 10.1007/s00376-011-0186-5 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 837MT UT WOS:000296208600019 ER PT J AU Rooper, CN Wilkins, ME Rose, CS Coon, C AF Rooper, Christopher N. Wilkins, Mark E. Rose, Craig S. Coon, Catherine TI Modeling the impacts of bottom trawling and the subsequent recovery rates of sponges and corals in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Population recovery; Invertebrate zoology; Growth rate; Sponges; Corals; Fishing impacts ID DEEP-SEA; WEDDELL SEA; HABITAT; DISTURBANCE; GROWTH; GULF; ASSOCIATIONS; COMMUNITIES; ABUNDANCE; DAMAGE AB The abundance of some marine fish species are correlated to the abundance of habitat-forming benthic organisms such as sponges and corals. A concern for fisheries management agencies is the recovery of these benthic invertebrates from removal or mortality from bottom trawling and other commercial fisheries activities. Using a logistic model, observations of available substrate and data from bottom trawl surveys of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, we estimated recovery rates of sponges and corals following removal. The model predicted the observed sponge and coral catch in bottom trawl surveys relatively accurately (R-2=0.38 and 0.46). For sponges, the results show that intrinsic growth rates were slow (r=0.107 yr(-1)). Results show that intrinsic growth rates of corals were also slow (r=0.062 yr(-1)). The best models for corals and sponges were models that did not include the impacts of commercial fishing removals. Subsequent recovery times for both taxa were also predicted to be slow. Mortality of 67% of the initial sponge biomass would recover to 80% of the original biomass after 20 years, while mortality of 67% of the coral biomass would recover to 80% of the original biomass after 34 years. The modeled recovery times were consistent with previous studies in estimating that recovery times were of the order of decades, however improved data from directed studies would no doubt improve parameter estimates and reduce the uncertainty in the model results. Given their role as a major ecosystem component and potential habitat for marine fish, damage and removal of sponges and corals must be considered when estimating the impacts of commercial bottom trawling on the seafloor. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rooper, Christopher N.; Wilkins, Mark E.; Rose, Craig S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Coon, Catherine] Bur Ocean Energy Management Regulat & Enforcement, Dept Interior, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Rooper, CN (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Chris.Rooper@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 51 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 31 IS 17 BP 1827 EP 1834 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2011.08.003 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 843PI UT WOS:000296684000004 ER PT J AU Park, SH Manzello, SL Bundy, MF Mizukami, T AF Park, Seul-Hyun Manzello, Samuel L. Bundy, Matthew F. Mizukami, Tensei TI Experimental study on the performance of a load-bearing steel stud gypsum board wall assembly exposed to a real fire SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Compartment fire; Fire resistance; Load-bearing wall ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; PARTITION ASSEMBLIES; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; RESISTANCE AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Center for Better Living (CBL) have formed an international collaboration to assess the performance and failure mechanisms of gypsum wall assemblies under real fires/furnace conditions. In an effort to compile an experimental database necessary to validate models that could be used to predict their performance and ultimate failure under various design fires, a full scale test was conducted in the Large Fire Laboratory (LFL) at NIST. This paper provides a valuable experimental data set on the performance of a full scale loaded gypsum steel stud assembly exposed to an intense full scale compartment fire. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Park, Seul-Hyun; Manzello, Samuel L.; Bundy, Matthew F.] NIST, Fire Res Div, EL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mizukami, Tensei] Ctr Better Living, Tsukuba Bldg Res & Testing Lab TBTL, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, EL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuelm@nist.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 46 IS 8 BP 497 EP 505 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2011.09.001 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 843OP UT WOS:000296682000003 ER PT J AU Manzello, SL Park, SH Suzuki, S Shields, JR Hayashi, Y AF Manzello, Samuel L. Park, Seul-Hyun Suzuki, Sayaka Shields, John R. Hayashi, Yoshihiko TI Experimental investigation of structure vulnerabilities to firebrand showers SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Firebrands; Ignition; WUI fires ID HIGH WINDS; TRANSPORT; FLIGHT; TREES; FIRES AB Attempting to experimentally quantify the vulnerabilities of structures to ignition from firebrand showers has remained elusive. The coupling of two facilities has begun to unravel this difficult problem. The MIST Firebrand Generator (NIST Dragon) is an experimental device that can generate a firebrand shower in a safe and repeatable fashion. Since wind plays a critical role in the spread of WUI fires in the USA and urban fires in Japan, NIST has established collaboration with the Building Research Institute (BRI) in Japan. BRI maintains one of the only full scale wind tunnel facilities in the world designed specifically for fire experimentation; the Fire Research Wind Tunnel Facility (FRWTF). The present investigation is aimed at extensively quantifying firebrand penetration through building vents using full scale tests. A structure was placed inside the FRWTF and firebrand showers were directed at the structure using the NIST Dragon. The structure was fitted with a generic building vent, consisting of only a frame fitted with a metal mesh. Six different mesh sizes openings were used for testing. Behind the mesh, four different materials were placed to ascertain whether the firebrands that were able to penetrate the building mesh assembly could ignite these materials. Reduced scale test methods afford the capability to test new vent technologies and may serve as the basis for new standard testing methodologies. As a result, a new experimental facility developed at NIST is presented and is known as the NIST Dragon's LAIR (Lofting and Ignition Research). The NIST Dragon's LAIR has been developed to simulate a wind driven firebrand attack at reduced scale. The facility consists of a reduced scale Firebrand Generator (Baby Dragon) coupled to a bench scale wind tunnel. Finally, a series of full scale experiments were conducted to visualize the flow of firebrands around obstacles placed downstream of the NIST Dragon. Firebrands were observed to accumulate in front of these obstacles at a stagnation plane, as was observed when the structure was used for firebrand penetration through building vent experiments, due to flow recirculation. The accumulation of firebrands at a stagnation plane presents a severe threat to ignitable materials placed near structures. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Manzello, Samuel L.; Park, Seul-Hyun; Suzuki, Sayaka; Shields, John R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hayashi, Yoshihiko] BRI, Dept Fire Engn, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050802, Japan. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuelm@nist.gov FU Science & Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security FX Mr. Yu Yamamoto of the Tokyo Fire Department (Guest Researcher at BRI) and Dr. Ichiro Hagiwara of BRI are acknowledged for their support of these experiments during SLM's stay in Japan. The Dragon's LAIR experiments were conducted in the NIST Large Fire Laboratory (LFL). The assistance of the LFL staff is appreciated (Dr. Matthew F. Bundy-supervisor: Mr. Laurean DeLauter and Mr. Anthony Chakalis-Engineering Technicians). Mr. Marco G. Fernandez, Engineering Technician (EL) constructed the support system for the Dragon's LAIR facility and carefully prepared materials needed for testing; his excellent assistance is appreciated. SLM acknowledges funding from the Science & Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 46 IS 8 BP 568 EP 578 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2011.09.003 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 843OP UT WOS:000296682000011 ER PT J AU Outcalt, SL AF Outcalt, Stephanie L. TI Compressed-Liquid Density Measurements of Methyl Oleate and Methyl Linoleate SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID METHYL; SOUND MEASUREMENTS; ESTERS; EQUATION; VOLUME; SPEED; FUEL AB Compressed-liquid densities of the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) methyl linoleate and methyl oleate have been measured with a vibrating-tube densimeter. The temperature and pressure ranges of the measured data are from (270 to 470) K and (0.5 to 50) MPa. The data at 10 MPa and below have been extrapolated to 0.083 MPa (the approximate ambient pressure in Boulder, CO) for comparison with existing literature data. A correlation is given that represents the temperature and pressure dependence of the reported experimental data within their estimated uncertainties. C1 NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Outcalt, SL (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway Boulder, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM outcalt@boulder.nist.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD NOV PY 2011 VL 56 IS 11 BP 4239 EP 4243 DI 10.1021/je2008582 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 843PX UT WOS:000296685600040 ER PT J AU Collino, RR Wood, AW Estrada, NM Dick, BB Ro, HW Soles, CL Wang, YQ Thouless, MD Goldman, RS AF Collino, R. R. Wood, A. W. Estrada, N. M. Dick, B. B. Ro, H. W. Soles, C. L. Wang, Y. Q. Thouless, M. D. Goldman, R. S. TI Formation and transfer of GaAsN nanostructure layers SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article DE bubbles; cracks; gallium arsenide; III-V semiconductors; ion implantation; nanofabrication; nanostructured materials; rapid thermal annealing; semiconductor doping; semiconductor growth; wafer bonding ID INSULATOR MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY; HYDROGEN IMPLANTATION; SMART-CUT(R) PROCESS; THIN-FILM; SUBSTRATE; SI; SEPARATION; GASB AB The authors report the simultaneous formation and transfer of GaAsN nanostructure layers to alternative substrates, a process termed "ion-cut synthesis." Ion-cut synthesis is induced by nitrogen ion implantation into GaAs (GaAs:N), followed by spin-on-glass (SOG) mediated wafer bonding and high temperature rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Due to the low ion-matrix diffusivity of GaAs:N, RTA induces the formation of both nanostructures and gas bubbles. The gas bubble pressure induces the formation and propagation of cracks, resulting in transfer of the nanostructured layer. The authors discuss the critical role of the physical properties and the thicknesses of the substrates and the SOG layer to the achievement of ion-cut synthesis. (C) 2011 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3630120] C1 [Collino, R. R.; Thouless, M. D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Collino, R. R.; Wood, A. W.; Estrada, N. M.; Dick, B. B.; Thouless, M. D.; Goldman, R. S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wood, A. W.; Goldman, R. S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ro, H. W.; Soles, C. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Y. Q.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Collino, RR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM thouless@umich.edu; rsgold@umich.edu RI Goldman, Rachel/J-9091-2012; Collino, Rachel/B-5513-2014 OI Collino, Rachel/0000-0002-7958-4859 FU Center for Solar and Thermal Energy Conversion, an Energy Frontier Research Center; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0000957]; NSF [CMMI-0700301, DMR-0520701]; Michigan Memorial Phoenix Institute; AFOSR [FA9950-08-1-0340]; U.S. DoD under IC [HM1582-05-1-2027]; U.S. DoD under CIA [2007-0919714-00]; Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies at Los Alamos National Laboratory FX RRC and RSG were supported by the Center for Solar and Thermal Energy Conversion, an Energy Frontier Research Center, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award No. DE-SC0000957. RRC was also supported in part by graduate research fellowships from the NSF and the Michigan Memorial Phoenix Institute. AWW was supported in part by the AFOSR through the MURI program under Grant No. FA9950-08-1-0340, the U.S. DoD under IC Grant No. HM1582-05-1-2027, and CIA Contract No. 2007-0919714-00. NME and BBD were supported by NSF under Grant No. CMMI-0700301. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies at Los Alamos National Laboratory, as well as the assistance of the staff at the Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis Laboratory, the Lurie Nanofabrication Facility, and the Michigan Ion Beam Laboratory at UM. The ion implanter at MIBL is funded by NSF Grant No. DMR-0520701. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD NOV PY 2011 VL 29 IS 6 AR 060601 DI 10.1116/1.3630120 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 843HQ UT WOS:000296663300005 ER PT J AU Stark, H Brown, SS Wong, KW Stutz, J Elvidge, CD Pollack, IB Ryerson, TB Dube, WP Wagner, NL Parrish, DD AF Stark, H. Brown, S. S. Wong, K. W. Stutz, J. Elvidge, C. D. Pollack, I. B. Ryerson, T. B. Dube, W. P. Wagner, N. L. Parrish, D. D. TI City lights and urban air SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Stark, H.; Brown, S. S.; Pollack, I. B.; Ryerson, T. B.; Dube, W. P.; Wagner, N. L.; Parrish, D. D.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Stark, H.; Pollack, I. B.; Dube, W. P.; Wagner, N. L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stark, H.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Wong, K. W.; Stutz, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Elvidge, C. D.] NOAA Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Earth Observat Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Stark, H (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway,R-CSD 7, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM harald.stark@colorado.edu RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009; Wagner, Nicholas/E-7437-2010; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Dube, William/I-1658-2013; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Dube, William/0000-0003-1286-4087; NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 4 IS 11 BP 730 EP 731 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 844BW UT WOS:000296723500002 ER PT J AU Thompson, DWJ Solomon, S Kushner, PJ England, MH Grise, KM Karoly, DJ AF Thompson, David W. J. Solomon, Susan Kushner, Paul J. England, Matthew H. Grise, Kevin M. Karoly, David J. TI Signatures of the Antarctic ozone hole in Southern Hemisphere surface climate change SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Review ID ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION RESPONSE; IPCC AR4 MODELS; ANNULAR MODE; CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; SEA-ICE; TROPOSPHERIC RESPONSE; AUSTRALIAN RAINFALL; MESOSCALE EDDIES; OCEANIC RESPONSE; TEMPERATURE AB Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases have driven and will continue to drive widespread climate change at the Earth's surface. But surface climate change is not limited to the effects of increasing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. Anthropogenic emissions of ozone-depleting gases also lead to marked changes in surface climate, through the radiative and dynamical effects of the Antarctic ozone hole. The influence of the Antarctic ozone hole on surface climate is most pronounced during the austral summer season and strongly resembles the most prominent pattern of large-scale Southern Hemisphere climate variability, the Southern Annular Mode. The influence of the ozone hole on the Southern Annular Mode has led to a range of significant summertime surface climate changes not only over Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, but also over New Zealand, Patagonia and southern regions of Australia. Surface climate change as far equatorward as the subtropical Southern Hemisphere may have also been affected by the ozone hole. Over the next few decades, recovery of the ozone hole and increases in greenhouse gases are expected to have significant but opposing effects on the Southern Annular Mode and its attendant climate impacts during summer. C1 [Thompson, David W. J.; Grise, Kevin M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Solomon, Susan] Univ Colorado, NOAA Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Solomon, Susan] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kushner, Paul J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [England, Matthew H.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Fac Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Karoly, David J.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Thompson, DWJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM davet@atmos.colostate.edu RI Thompson, David/F-9627-2012; Grise, Kevin/B-6939-2013; Karoly, David/C-8262-2011; England, Matthew/A-7539-2011; Kushner, Paul/H-6716-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Grise, Kevin/0000-0003-0934-8129; Karoly, David/0000-0002-8671-2994; England, Matthew/0000-0001-9696-2930; Kushner, Paul/0000-0002-6404-4518; FU National Science Foundation; Climate Change Research Centre at UNSW; Australian Research Council [FF0668679, FL100100214]; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We thank N. Gillett, L. Polvani and C. McLandress for providing the model output shown in Figs 1, 2 and 3 (as noted in the figure legends); A. Santoso for generating Fig. 3; L. Ciasto for generating the results shown in Fig. 4b; J. Renwick for providing the New Zealand temperature and precipitation data used in Fig. 4c, d; C. Ummenhofer for assistance with the data for Fig. 4e; and A. Sen Gupta for generating Fig. 5. Thanks also to J. Arblaster, J. Fyfe, N. Gillett, I. Held, H. Hendon, A. Hogg, C. Le Quere, C. McLandress, L. Polvani, J. Renwick, S-W. Son and S. Rintoul for discussions and comments on the manuscript. D. W. J. T. is funded by the National Science Foundation Climate Dynamics program and appreciates sabbatical funding provided by the Climate Change Research Centre at UNSW, where much of the text was written. D. J. K. is supported by the Australian Research Council through the Discovery Projects funding scheme (Project FF0668679). M. H. E. is supported by the Australian Research Council through the Laureate Fellowships funding scheme (Project FL100100214). P. J. K. acknowledges support of the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. NR 109 TC 245 Z9 252 U1 16 U2 137 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 4 IS 11 BP 741 EP 749 DI 10.1038/NGEO1296 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 844BW UT WOS:000296723500009 ER PT J AU Evan, AT Foltz, GR Zhang, DX Vimont, DJ AF Evan, Amato T. Foltz, Gregory R. Zhang, Dongxiao Vimont, Daniel J. TI Influence of African dust on ocean-atmosphere variability in the tropical Atlantic SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NORTH; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; ANOMALIES; EVOLUTION; PACIFIC; SST AB The dominant source of coupled ocean-atmosphere variability in the tropical Atlantic is the so-called Atlantic Meridional Mode(1-3). This mode of variability is characterized by an interhemispheric gradient in sea surface temperatures and by oscillations in the strength of surface winds that cross the Equator, thereby reinforcing sea surface temperature anomalies(1-4). The Atlantic Meridional Mode is thermodynamically damped and must receive external forcing to persist as observed(3). However, it is not known which external forcing factors have excited the Atlantic Meridional Mode in the historical record. Here we present simulations with an ocean general circulation model that is forced by a record of surface radiation from anomalous dust concentrations in the atmosphere, reconstructed from a coral proxy and satellite retrievals. We show that the Atlantic Meridional Mode is excited by variability in African dust outbreaks on interannual to decadal timescales. Our analysis indicates that sea surface temperature anomalies resulting from the aerosol direct effect persist in time through the positive ocean-atmosphere feedback(5) that defines the Atlantic Meridional Mode. We conclude that on interannual to decadal timescales, the state of the tropical Atlantic ocean is directly tied to dust emissions over West Africa, which in turn are linked to land-use change(6-8). C1 [Evan, Amato T.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Foltz, Gregory R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Dongxiao] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Zhang, Dongxiao] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Vimont, Daniel J.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Evan, AT (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM ate9c@virginia.edu RI Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011 OI Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X FU NOAA/CLIVAR [NA10OAR4310136, NA10OAR4310207] FX Financial support for this work was provided by NOAA/CLIVAR grants NA10OAR4310136 and NA10OAR4310207. NR 29 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 4 IS 11 BP 762 EP 765 DI 10.1038/NGEO1276 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 844BW UT WOS:000296723500013 ER PT J AU Resing, JA Rubin, KH Embley, RW Lupton, JE Baker, ET Dziak, RP Baumberger, T Lilley, MD Huber, JA Shank, TM Butterfield, DA Clague, DA Keller, NS Merle, SG Buck, NJ Michael, PJ Soule, A Caress, DW Walker, SL Davis, R Cowen, JP Reysenbach, AL Thomas, H AF Resing, Joseph A. Rubin, Kenneth H. Embley, Robert W. Lupton, John E. Baker, Edward T. Dziak, Robert P. Baumberger, Tamara Lilley, Marvin D. Huber, Julie A. Shank, Timothy M. Butterfield, David A. Clague, David A. Keller, Nicole S. Merle, Susan G. Buck, Nathaniel J. Michael, Peter J. Soule, Adam Caress, David W. Walker, Sharon L. Davis, Richard Cowen, James P. Reysenbach, Anna-Louise Thomas, Hans TI Active submarine eruption of boninite in the northeastern Lau Basin SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUBDUCTION ZONE; SEA-FLOOR; NORTHERN TERMINATION; HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS; SPREADING CENTERS; VOLCANIC-ERUPTION; MARIANA ARC; MAGMAS; RIDGE; GAS AB Subduction of oceanic crust and the formation of volcanic arcs above the subduction zone are important components in Earth's geological and geochemical cycles. Subduction consumes and recycles material from the oceanic plates, releasing fluids and gases that enhance magmatic activity, feed hydrothermal systems, generate ore deposits and nurture chemosynthetic biological communities. Among the first lavas to erupt at the surface from a nascent subduction zone are a type classified as boninites. These lavas contain information about the early stages of subduction, yet because most subduction systems on Earth are old and well-established, boninite lavas have previously only been observed in the ancient geological record. Here we observe and sample an active boninite eruption occurring at 1,200 m depth at the West Mata submarine volcano in the northeast Lau Basin, southwest Pacific Ocean. We find that large volumes of H2O, CO2 and sulphur are emitted, which we suggest are derived from the subducting slab. These volatiles drive explosive eruptions that fragment rocks and generate abundant incandescent magma-skinned bubbles and pillow lavas. The eruption has been ongoing for at least 2.5 years and we conclude that this boninite eruption is a multi-year, low-mass-transfer-rate eruption. Thus the Lau Basin may provide an important site for the long-term study of submarine volcanic eruptions related to the early stages of subduction. C1 [Resing, Joseph A.; Butterfield, David A.; Buck, Nathaniel J.] NOAA, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Resing, Joseph A.; Butterfield, David A.; Buck, Nathaniel J.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Rubin, Kenneth H.; Cowen, James P.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Dziak, Robert P.; Merle, Susan G.] Oregon State Univ, CIMRS, NOAA, PMEL,Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Baumberger, Tamara] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Earth Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Lilley, Marvin D.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Huber, Julie A.] Marine Biol Lab, Josephine Bay Paul Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Shank, Timothy M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Clague, David A.; Caress, David W.; Thomas, Hans] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Keller, Nicole S.; Soule, Adam] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02536 USA. [Michael, Peter J.] Univ Tulsa, Dept Geosci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. [Davis, Richard] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Inst Environm Hlth, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Reysenbach, Anna-Louise] Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Resing, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM resing@uw.edu RI Rubin, Kenneth/B-3685-2008; Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016; OI Rubin, Kenneth/0000-0002-8554-1337; Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279; Huber, Julie/0000-0002-4790-7633; Caress, David/0000-0002-6596-9133; Soule, Adam/0000-0002-4691-6300 FU Ridge 2000; Margins programs; National Science Foundation [OCE-0929881, OCE-0929411, OCE-0930025, OCE-0934660, OCE-0934278, OCE-0934651]; NOAA-OE; NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research; NOAA VENTS; David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX Support from Ridge 2000 and the Margins programs helped in both mounting the expedition and in the selection of cruise participants. The project was funded by the National Science Foundation Marine Geology and Geophysics program (OCE-0929881 to K. H. R., OCE-0929411 to J.A.H., OCE-0930025 and OCE-0934660 to J.A.R., OCE-0934278 to D. A. C., OCE-0934651 to T. M. S. and NOAA-OE to R. W. E.), the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research, the NOAA VENTS Program, and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation (AUV operations). Scheduling flexibility on the parts of the R/V T. G. Thompson and the National Deep Submergence Facility was essential for this project take place. Thanks to W. Lange and M. Morin at the Advanced Imaging and Visualization Laboratory at WHOI for video and still imagery. Thanks to Captain Al McClenahan and the crew of the T. G. Thompson, expedition leader Tito Collasius and the Jason team, and to Eric Hellbrand for assistance with the electron microprobe analysis. We thank R. J. Arculus and J. L. Charlou for reviewing this manuscript. This is PMEL Publication #3644, JISAO publication # 1838, and SOEST pub #8372. NR 50 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 6 U2 42 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 4 IS 11 BP 799 EP 806 DI 10.1038/NGEO1275 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 844BW UT WOS:000296723500021 ER PT J AU Uslu, B Power, W Greenslade, D Eble, M Titov, V AF Uslu, B. Power, W. Greenslade, D. Eble, M. Titov, V. TI The July 15, 2009 Fiordland, New Zealand Tsunami: Real-Time Assessment SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; Fiordland; New Zealand; 2009; natural hazards; real-time AB On 15 July 2009, a Mw 7.8 earthquake occurred off the New Zealand coast, which by serendipitous coincidence occurred while the International Tsunami Symposium was in session in Novosibirsk, Russia. The earthquake generated a tsunami that propagated across the Tasman Sea and was detected in New Zealand, Australia and as far away as the US West coast. Small boats close to the epicenter were placed in jeopardy, but no significant damage was observed despite a measured run-up height of 2.3 m in one of the Sounds in close proximity to the source (WILSON in GNS Science Report 46: 62 2009). Peak-to-trough tsunami heights of 55 cm were measured at Southport, Tasmania and a height of 1 m was measured in Jackson Bay, New Zealand. The International Tsunami Symposium provided an ideal venue for illustration of the value of immediate real-time assessment and provided an opportunity to further validate the real time forecasting capabilities with the scientific community in attendance. A number of agencies with responsibility for tsunami forecast and/or warning, such as the NOAA Center for Tsunami Research, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, GNS Science in New Zealand, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and the European Commission Joint Research Centre were all represented at the meeting and were able to demonstrate the use of state of the art numerical models to assess the tsunami potential and provide warning as appropriate. C1 [Uslu, B.; Eble, M.; Titov, V.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Uslu, B.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Ocean & Atmosphere, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Power, W.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Greenslade, D.] Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. RP Uslu, B (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Burak.Uslu@noaa.gov RI Greenslade, Diana/A-1485-2012; OI Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 168 IS 11 BP 1963 EP 1972 DI 10.1007/s00024-011-0281-7 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 846HQ UT WOS:000296888200004 ER PT J AU Igarashi, Y Kong, L Yamamoto, M McCreery, CS AF Igarashi, Y. Kong, L. Yamamoto, M. McCreery, C. S. TI Anatomy of Historical Tsunamis: Lessons Learned for Tsunami Warning SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE 1946 Aleutian Islands tsunami; 1960 Chile tsunami; 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami; Mareogram; sea level; tsunami warning ID 1946 ALEUTIAN TSUNAMI AB Tsunamis are high-impact disasters that can cause death and destruction locally within a few minutes of their occurrence and across oceans hours, even up to a day, afterward. Efforts to establish tsunami warning systems to protect life and property began in the Pacific after the 1946 Aleutian Islands tsunami caused casualties in Hawaii. Seismic and sea level data were used by a central control center to evaluate tsunamigenic potential and then issue alerts and warnings. The ensuing events of 1952, 1957, and 1960 tested the new system, which continued to expand and evolve from a United States system to an international system in 1965. The Tsunami Warning System in the Pacific (ITSU) steadily improved through the decades as more stations became available in real and near-real time through better communications technology and greater bandwidth. New analysis techniques, coupled with more data of higher quality, resulted in better detection, greater solution accuracy, and more reliable warnings, but limitations still exist in constraining the source and in accurately predicting propagation of the wave from source to shore. Tsunami event data collected over the last two decades through international tsunami science surveys have led to more realistic models for source generation and inundation, and within the warning centers, real-time tsunami wave forecasting will become a reality in the near future. The tsunami warning system is an international cooperative effort amongst countries supported by global and national monitoring networks and dedicated tsunami warning centers; the research community has contributed to the system by advancing and improving its analysis tools. Lessons learned from the earliest tsunamis provided the backbone for the present system, but despite 45 years of experience, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami reminded us that tsunamis strike and kill everywhere, not just in the Pacific. Today, a global intergovernmental tsunami warning system is coordinated under the United Nations. This paper reviews historical tsunamis, their warning activities, and their sea level records to highlight lessons learned with the focus on how these insights have helped to drive further development of tsunami warning systems and their tsunami warning centers. While the international systems do well for teletsunamis, faster detection, more accurate evaluations, and widespread timely alerts are still the goals, and challenges still remain to achieving early warning against the more frequent and destructive local tsunamis. C1 [Igarashi, Y.; Kong, L.] United Nations Educ Sci & Cultural Org, IOC, NOAA Int Tsunami Informat Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Yamamoto, M.] UNESCO IOC, F-75732 Paris 15, France. [McCreery, C. S.] NOAA Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96706 USA. RP Igarashi, Y (reprint author), Japan Meteorol Agcy, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo, Japan. EM laura.kong@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 30 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 168 IS 11 BP 2043 EP 2063 DI 10.1007/s00024-011-0287-1 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 846HQ UT WOS:000296888200010 ER PT J AU Titov, VV Moore, CW Greenslade, DJM Pattiaratchi, C Badal, R Synolakis, CE Kanoglu, U AF Titov, V. V. Moore, C. W. Greenslade, D. J. M. Pattiaratchi, C. Badal, R. Synolakis, C. E. Kanoglu, U. TI A New Tool for Inundation Modeling: Community Modeling Interface for Tsunamis (ComMIT) SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; inundation modeling; ComMIT; graphical interface; OPeNDAP ID RUNUP AB Almost 5 years after the 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean tragedy, the 10 August 2009 Andaman tsunami demonstrated that accurate forecasting is possible using the tsunami community modeling tool Community Model Interface for Tsunamis (ComMIT). ComMIT is designed for ease of use, and allows dissemination of results to the community while addressing concerns associated with proprietary issues of bathymetry and topography. It uses initial conditions from a precomputed propagation database, has an easy-to-interpret graphical interface, and requires only portable hardware. ComMIT was initially developed for Indian Ocean countries with support from the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). To date, more than 60 scientists from 17 countries in the Indian Ocean have been trained and are using it in operational inundation mapping. C1 [Titov, V. V.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Moore, C. W.] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Greenslade, D. J. M.] Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Pattiaratchi, C.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Environm Syst Engn, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Badal, R.] France Ctr, Mauritius Oceanog Inst, Quatre Bornes, Mauritius. [Synolakis, C. E.] Univ So Calif, Viterbi Sch Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Synolakis, C. E.] Hellenic Ctr Marine Res, Anavyssos, Greece. [Kanoglu, U.] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Engn Sci, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. RP Titov, VV (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM vasily.titov@noaa.gov; christopher.moore@noaa.gov; d.greenslade@bom.gov.au; chari.pattiaratchi@uwa.edu.au; rezahmb@moi.intnet.mu; costas@usc.edu; kanoglu@metu.edu.tr RI Greenslade, Diana/A-1485-2012; Kanoglu, Utku/F-9037-2012; Synolakis, Costas/B-3197-2008; OI Kanoglu, Utku/0000-0002-5952-0954; Synolakis, Costas/0000-0003-0140-5379; Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829; Pattiaratchi, Charitha/0000-0003-2229-6183 FU USAID; AusAID; Australian Bureau of Meteorology; Chulalongkorn University of Bangkok, Thailand; Agency for Technology and Implementation Assessment (BPPT) of Indonesia; Department of Risk and Disaster Management of Seychelles; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232, 1818, 3547]; National Science Foundation of the USA FX We thank USAID, AusAID, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, the Chulalongkorn University of Bangkok, Thailand, the Agency for Technology and Implementation Assessment (BPPT) of Indonesia, the Department of Risk and Disaster Management of Seychelles, and other institutions for support and hosting ComMIT training courses. We also thank Antony K. Joseph for providing us the Yanam, India tide gage data. We thank Nick Kalligeris and Baran Aydin for contributing to the Mediterranean ComMIT interface which is under development. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA17RJ1232, Contribution number: 1818; PMEL Contribution number: 3547, and the National Science Foundation of the USA. NR 35 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 11 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 168 IS 11 BP 2121 EP 2131 DI 10.1007/s00024-011-0292-4 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 846HQ UT WOS:000296888200015 ER PT J AU Barberopoulou, A Borrero, JC Uslu, B Legg, MR Synolakis, CE AF Barberopoulou, A. Borrero, J. C. Uslu, B. Legg, M. R. Synolakis, C. E. TI A Second Generation of Tsunami Inundation Maps for the State of California SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE California; Tsunami; inundation; inundation maps; mitigation; coastal; evacuation; natural hazards ID RUNUP; WAVE; EARTHQUAKE; SIZE AB A new generation of tsunami inundation maps is now available for 20 coastal counties in California. These maps represent an improvement over previous efforts, as they are based on the most recent descriptions of potential tsunami sources, apply recently updated numerical modeling techniques, and cover previously unmapped regions of the State. Since the maps are based on deterministic rather than probabilistic modeling, they are only intended for emergency preparedness and evacuation planning and are not to be used in engineering siting studies. The California maps cover a greater coastal area than any other US State. To be helpful, the maps need to be integrated into a consistent statewide hazard-planning framework. Indeed, tsunami preparedness in California was tested on several occasions over the past 5 years, i.e., during the 14 June 2005 event, about 90 miles SW of Crescent City, the 15 November 2006 Kuril Islands, and the 27 February 2010 Chile earthquake. We discuss briefly the State's response as these events unfolded. C1 [Barberopoulou, A.; Borrero, J. C.; Synolakis, C. E.] Univ So Calif, Tsunami Res Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Borrero, J. C.] ASR Ltd, Marine Consulting & Res, Raglan 3225, New Zealand. [Uslu, B.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Legg, M. R.] Legg Geophys, Huntington Beach, CA 92647 USA. [Synolakis, C. E.] Tech Univ Crete, Lab Nat Hazards, Chanea 73100, Greece. RP Barberopoulou, A (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Tsunami Res Ctr, 3620 S Vermont Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM barberop@usc.edu; costas@usc.edu; Burak.Uslu@noaa.gov; mrlegg@verizon.net RI Synolakis, Costas/B-3197-2008; Barberopoulou, Aggeliki/C-5903-2014 OI Synolakis, Costas/0000-0003-0140-5379; FU National Tsunami Hazards Mitigation Program (NTHMP); California Seismic Safety Commission; National Science Foundation FX We would like to thank the National Tsunami Hazards Mitigation Program (NTHMP) for providing the funds for developing the first and second generation of maps, and particularly our collaborators at CalEMA (Jim Goltz, Kevin Miller, Johana Fenton) and at CGS (Rick Wilson) for their contributions in the implementation of the inundation into evacuation maps. We thank Dick McCarthy and Jim Anderson from the California Seismic Safety Commission for many interesting suggestions and for providing travel funds in transition periods. We thank the National Science Foundation for providing grant support for Burak Uslu's PhD thesis. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 16 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 168 IS 11 BP 2133 EP 2146 DI 10.1007/s00024-011-0293-3 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 846HQ UT WOS:000296888200016 ER PT J AU Lee, JJW Constantino, PJ Lucas, PW Lawn, BR AF Lee, James J. -W. Constantino, Paul J. Lucas, Peter W. Lawn, Brian R. TI Fracture in teeth-a diagnostic for inferring bite force and tooth function SO BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE bite force; cracks; hominins; primates; teeth ID MOLAR ENAMEL THICKNESS; PROLINE-RICH PROTEINS; LAYER STRUCTURES; GREAT APES; ROBUST AUSTRALOPITHECINES; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ALOUATTA-PALLIATA; DENTAL ALLOMETRY; FALLBACK FOODS AB Teeth are brittle and highly susceptible to cracking. We propose that observations of such cracking can be used as a diagnostic tool for predicting bite force and inferring tooth function in living and fossil mammals. Laboratory tests on model tooth structures and extracted human teeth in simulated biting identify the principal fracture modes in enamel. Examination of museum specimens reveals the presence of similar fractures in a wide range of vertebrates, suggesting that cracks extended during ingestion or mastication. The use of 'fracture mechanics' from materials engineering provides elegant relations for quantifying critical bite forces in terms of characteristic tooth size and enamel thickness. The role of enamel microstructure in determining how cracks initiate and propagate within the enamel ( and beyond) is discussed. The picture emerges of teeth as damage-tolerant structures, full of internal weaknesses and defects and yet able to contain the expansion of seemingly precarious cracks and fissures within the enamel shell. How the findings impact on dietary pressures forms an undercurrent of the study. C1 [Lee, James J. -W.; Lawn, Brian R.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Constantino, Paul J.; Lucas, Peter W.; Lawn, Brian R.] George Washington Univ, Ctr Adv Study Human Paleobiol, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Constantino, Paul J.] Marshall Univ, Dept Biol, Huntington, WV 25755 USA. RP Lee, JJW (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM james.lee@nist.gov OI Constantino, Paul/0000-0003-3397-7961 FU National Science Foundation [0851351, 0725122]; George Washington University Research; NRC FX Human teeth were supplied by Gary Schumacher and Anthony Giuseppetti (Paffenbarger Research Center at the National Institute of Standards and Technology). Bernard Wood (George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA) and Fred Grine (Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA) granted access to their hominin cast collections; Linda Gordon (Museum of Natural History at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC, USA) and Stephany Potze (Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, RSA) granted access to animal specimens; and Bernhard Zipfel (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, RSA), Ashley Hammond and Carol Ward (University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA) provided photographs of fossil teeth. Informative discussions with many colleagues on observations of fracture in human teeth are gratefully acknowledged: Herzl Chai (Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel); Susanne Scherrer (University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland); Mark Bush, Amanda Keown and Amir Barani (University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia); Stephen Wroe (University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia). Funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation (grant 0851351, P.W.L., P.J.C., J.J.-W.L., and B.R.L.; grant 0725122, P.W.L.), the George Washington University Research Enhancement Fund (P.J.C.), and an NRC fellowship (J.J.-W.L.). NR 123 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1464-7931 J9 BIOL REV JI Biol. Rev. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 86 IS 4 BP 959 EP 974 DI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00181.x PG 16 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 840XL UT WOS:000296475300012 PM 21507194 ER PT J AU Lippiatt, SM Brown, MT Lohan, MC Bruland, KW AF Lippiatt, Sherry M. Brown, Matthew T. Lohan, Maeve C. Bruland, Kenneth W. TI Reactive iron delivery to the Gulf of Alaska via a Kenai eddy SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Oceanic eddies; Gulf of Alaska; Reactive iron; Iron ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC-OCEAN; FLOW-INJECTION-ANALYSIS; COASTAL WATERS; CHLOROPHYLL-A; DIATOM BLOOMS; SILICIC-ACID; HAIDA EDDIES; PHYTOPLANKTON; MANGANESE; SHELF AB Mesoscale anticyclonic eddies in the Gulf of Alaska are an important mechanism for cross-shelf exchange of high iron, low nitrate coastal waters and low iron, high nitrate offshore waters. A Kenai eddy was sampled in September 2007, 8 months after formation. The subsurface eddy core layer contained reactive iron concentrations more than eight times greater than waters at the same depths outside the eddy. The subsurface core of the Kenai eddy (25.4 <= sigma(0) <= 25.8) is suggested to be seasonally important as these waters can be brought to the surface with storm events and deep winter mixing. The deeper core layer (25.8 <= sigma(0) <= 27.0) is suggested to be a source of iron to HNLC waters on a longer timescale, due to isopycnal mixing and eventual eddy relaxation. The subsurface and deeper core layers are important reservoirs of iron that can promote and sustain primary productivity over the lifetime of the Kenai eddy. In addition, dissolved and leachable particulate manganese are shown to be excellent tracers of eddy surface and subsurface waters, respectively. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lippiatt, Sherry M.] NOAA, IM Syst Grp, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Brown, Matthew T.; Bruland, Kenneth W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Brown, Matthew T.; Bruland, Kenneth W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Lohan, Maeve C.] Univ Plymouth, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. RP Lippiatt, SM (reprint author), NOAA, IM Syst Grp, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM sherry.lippiatt@gmail.com OI Lohan, Maeve/0000-0002-5340-3108 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0526601] FX The authors acknowledge the captain and crew of the R/V Thomas G. Thompson for their assistance. We thank Peter Rovegno for his analysis of the eddy formation, propagation, and size and the creation of Figs. 1 and 2. We are also grateful to Ana Aguilar-Islas and Jerome Fiechter for their suggestions on this manuscript. We appreciate the efforts and expertise of Geoffrey Smith with sample collection, Bettina Sohst with nutrient analyses, and Rob Franks with ICP-MS analyses. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments which ultimately greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. In addition, we thank Tyler Coale and Zeka Kuspa for chlorophyll analyses. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant OCE-0526601 to Kenneth W. Bruland. NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 58 IS 11 BP 1091 EP 1102 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2011.08.005 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 843OL UT WOS:000296681500005 ER PT J AU Nabinger, S Persily, A AF Nabinger, Steven Persily, Andrew TI Impacts of airtightening retrofits on ventilation rates and energy consumption in a manufactured home SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE Airtightness; Energy; Manufactured housing; Residential; Retrofit; Ventilation AB A retrofit study was conducted in an unoccupied manufactured house to investigate the impacts of airtightening on ventilation rates and energy consumption. This paper describes the retrofits and the results of the pre- and post-retrofit assessment of building airtightness, ventilation, and energy use. Building envelope and air distribution systems airtightness were measured using fan pressurization. Air change rates were measured continuously using the tracer gas decay technique. Energy consumption associated with heating and cooling was monitored through measurement of gas consumption by the forced-air furnace for heating and electricity use by the air-conditioning system for cooling. The results of the study show that the retrofits reduced building envelope leakage by about 18% and duct leakage by about 80%. The reduction in the house infiltration rates depended on weather conditions and the manner in which the heating and cooling system was controlled, but in general these rates were reduced by about one third. The energy consumption of the house for heating and cooling was reduced by only about 10%, which is relatively small but not totally unexpected given that infiltration only accounts for a portion of the heating and cooling load. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nabinger, Steven; Persily, Andrew] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Persily, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sjn@nist.gov; andyp@nist.gov NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 43 IS 11 BP 3059 EP 3067 DI 10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.07.027 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 841YH UT WOS:000296550600012 ER PT J AU Linteris, GT AF Linteris, G. T. TI Numerical simulations of polymer pyrolysis rate: Effect of property variations SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE material flammability; heat release rate; polymer burning rate; fire simulation; polymer flammability; fire retardant additives; fire modeling ID CONE CALORIMETER DATA; HEAT-FLUX; PMMA; GASIFICATION; IGNITION; FLAMMABILITY; RADIATION AB The mass loss rate (MLR) of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) exposed to known radiant fluxes is simulated with two recently developed numerical codes, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ThermaKin. The influence of various material properties (thickness, thermal conductivity, specific heat, absorption of infrared radiation, heat of reaction) on mass loss history is assessed, via their effect on the ignition time, average MLR, peak MLR, and time to peak. The two codes predict the influence of material parameters on the MLR in the order of decreasing importance: heat of reaction, thickness, specific heat, absorption coefficient, thermal conductivity, and activation energy of the polymer decomposition. Changes in the material properties also influence the MLR curves by switching the sample from thermally thick to thermally thin. The two numerical codes are generally in very good agreement for their predictions of the MLR vs time curves, except when in-depth absorption of radiation was important. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Linteris, G. T.] NIST, Fire Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Linteris, GT (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM linteris@NIST.GOV FU NIST; NASA's Office of Biological and Physical Research FX The author is grateful to Kevin McGrattan and Simo Hostikka for aid in using FDS, and Stanislav Stoliarov and Richard Lyon for aid in using ThermaKin. Takashi Kashiwagi at NIST originally suggested this line of research, and helpful conversations with him contributed throughout. This research was supported by NIST and NASA's Office of Biological and Physical Research. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0308-0501 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 35 IS 7 BP 463 EP 480 DI 10.1002/fam.1066 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 840PR UT WOS:000296453200004 ER PT J AU Fahlman, A Loring, SH Ferrigno, M Moore, C Early, G Niemeyer, M Lentell, B Wenzel, F Joy, R Moore, MJ AF Fahlman, Andreas Loring, Stephen H. Ferrigno, Massimo Moore, Colby Early, Greg Niemeyer, Misty Lentell, Betty Wenzel, Frederic Joy, Ruth Moore, Michael J. TI Static inflation and deflation pressure-volume curves from excised lungs of marine mammals SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lung mechanics; total lung capacity; minimum air volume; excised lung; diving physiology ID ALVEOLAR COLLAPSE; NITROGEN TENSIONS; SEA LIONS; COMPRESSION; MECHANICS; AIRWAY; DIVES AB Excised lungs from eight marine mammal species [harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), harbor seal (Phoca vitulina), gray seal (Halichoerus grypus), Atlantic white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus), common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus), long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) and harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)] were used to determine the minimum air volume of the relaxed lung (MAV, N=15), the elastic properties (pressure-volume curves, N=24) of the respiratory system and the total lung capacity (TLC). Our data indicate that mass-specific TLC (sTLC, l kg(-1)) does not differ between species or groups (odontocete vs phocid) and agree with that estimated (TLC(est)) from body mass (M(b)) by applying the equation: TLC(est)=0.135M(b)(0.92). Measured MAV was on average 7% of TLC, with a range from 0 to 16%. The pressure-volume curves were similar among species on inflation but diverged during deflation in phocids in comparison with odontocetes. These differences provide a structural basis for observed species differences in the depth at which lungs collapse and gas exchange ceases. C1 [Fahlman, Andreas; Moore, Colby; Early, Greg; Moore, Michael J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Loring, Stephen H.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesia Crit Care & Pain Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Ferrigno, Massimo] Harvard Univ, Med Sch Boston, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol Perioperat & Pain Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Moore, Colby] Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Waco, TX 76706 USA. [Niemeyer, Misty] Int Fund Anim Welf, Yarmouth Port, MA 02675 USA. [Lentell, Betty; Wenzel, Frederic] NOAA NMFS NE Fisheries, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Joy, Ruth] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Stat, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Fahlman, A (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Dept Life Sci, 6300 Ocean Dr,Unit 5800, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM andreas_fahlman@yahoo.com RI Fahlman, Andreas/A-2901-2011; Moore, Michael/E-1707-2015 OI Fahlman, Andreas/0000-0002-8675-6479; Moore, Michael/0000-0003-3074-6631 FU International Fund for Animal Welfare; NMFS Northeast Fisheries; Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0059]; National Institutes of Health [HL 52586] FX We thank the International Fund for Animal Welfare and NMFS Northeast Fisheries Observer Program and Observer Program staff and their volunteers for help throughout this study. A special thanks to all the fishermen who helped bring the bycaught animals ashore, and to Anastasia and Declan Fahlman for help with the experiments. We thank James Butler for sharing his knowledge and for the long discussions about the experimental results. Special thanks too to Dave Jones for lending his equipment throughout this study. Samples from bycaught and stranded animals were obtained with the authorization of the NOAA North East Region in Gloucester, MA, USA.; This project was supported by a grant from the Office of Naval Research [award number N00014-10-1-0059]; S. H. L. was supported by HL 52586 from the National Institutes of Health. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 18 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 214 IS 22 BP 3822 EP 3828 DI 10.1242/jeb.056366 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 842GD UT WOS:000296581500018 PM 22031747 ER PT J AU Leanhardt, AE Bohn, JL Loh, H Maletinsky, P Meyer, ER Sinclair, LC Stutz, RP Cornell, EA AF Leanhardt, A. E. Bohn, J. L. Loh, H. Maletinsky, P. Meyer, E. R. Sinclair, L. C. Stutz, R. P. Cornell, E. A. TI High-resolution spectroscopy on trapped molecular ions in rotating electric fields: A new approach for measuring the electron electric dipole moment SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE High-resolution spectroscopy; Radio-frequency; Fundamental symmetries; Stark and Zeeman interactions; Molecular ions ID OPTICAL FREQUENCY STANDARD; YBF MOLECULE; PARITY NONCONSERVATION; GROUND-STATE; EXPERIMENTAL LIMIT; STORAGE-RINGS; P-ODD; VIOLATION; SEARCH; ENHANCEMENT AB High-resolution molecular spectroscopy is a sensitive probe for violations of fundamental symmetries. Symmetry violation searches often require, or are enhanced by, the application of an electric field to the system under investigation. This typically precludes the study of molecular ions due to their inherent acceleration under these conditions. Circumventing this problem would be of great benefit to the high-resolution molecular spectroscopy community since ions allow for simple trapping and long interrogation times, two desirable qualities for precision measurements. Our proposed solution is to apply an electric field that rotates at radio frequencies. We discuss considerations for experimental design as well as challenges in performing precision spectroscopic measurements in rapidly time-varying electric fields. Ongoing molecular spectroscopy work that could benefit from our approach is summarized. In particular, we detail how spectroscopy on a trapped diatomic molecular ion with a ground or metastable (3)Delta(1) level could prove to be a sensitive probe for a permanent electron electric dipole moment (eEDM). (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bohn, J. L.; Loh, H.; Meyer, E. R.; Sinclair, L. C.; Stutz, R. P.; Cornell, E. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bohn, J. L.; Loh, H.; Meyer, E. R.; Sinclair, L. C.; Stutz, R. P.; Cornell, E. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Leanhardt, A. E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Maletinsky, P.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cornell, EA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ecornell@jilau1.colorado.edu RI Maletinsky, Patrick/L-1851-2015; OI Maletinsky, Patrick/0000-0003-1699-388X; Loh, Huanqian/0000-0002-7325-0815 FU NIST, NSF; Marsico Chair of Excellence FX We gratefully acknowledge many useful discussions. On the topic of molecular and atomic spectroscopy, we benefited from discussions with Peter Bernath, Carl Wieman, Tom Gallagher, Ulrich Hechtfische, and Jim Lawler. On molecular structure, Andrei Derevianko, Svetlana Kotochigova, Richard Saykally, Laura Gagliardi, and especially the St. Petersburg group, Anatoly Titov, Mikhail Kozlov, and Alexander Petrov. On molecular dynamics, we had useful discussions with Carl Lineberger, David Nesbitt, and especially Bob Field. On EDM measurements, Pat Sandars, Dave DeMille, and Neil Shafer-Ray. We thank Gianfraco DiLonardo for the loan of a hollow cathode lamp and Tobin Munsat for the loan of a high-current power supply. We acknowledge useful contributions in our lab from Herbert Looser, Tyler Yahn, Tyler Coffey, Matt Grau, and Will Ames. We thank Jun Ye and members of his group for sharing their innovative ideas in comb-based spectroscopy, and Konrad Lehnert for enlightening us about sensitive microwave detection. This work was supported by NIST, NSF, and funds from a Marsico Chair of Excellence. NR 133 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 270 IS 1 BP 1 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2011.06.007 PG 25 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 845LU UT WOS:000296825000001 ER PT J AU Verdal, N Wu, H Udovic, TJ Stavila, V Zhou, W Rush, JJ AF Verdal, Nina Wu, Hui Udovic, Terrence J. Stavila, Vitalie Zhou, Wei Rush, John J. TI Evidence of a transition to reorientational disorder in the cubic alkali-metal dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborates SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE B12F122-; Dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate; Neutron powder diffraction; Phase transition; Reorientational disorder ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; KBH4; NMR; BOROHYDRIDES; DYNAMICS; NABH4; CS AB A neutron powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study indicates that Cs2B12H12 undergoes a second-order phase transition near 529 K that can be described as a reorientational disordering of the B12H122- icosahedral anions between two lowest-energy configurations within the cubic structure. Such a disordering requires the addition of another mirror plane to the low-temperature Fm (3) over bar structural symmetry to become Fm (3) over barm. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements suggest the possible persistence of some short-range anion order at and above the transition. Additional DSC measurements of the lighter alkali-metal cubic isomorphs, Rb2B12H12 and K2B12H12, also indicate second-order transitions for these compounds near 742 K and 811 K, respectively. These results are suggestive of similar order-disorder phase changes as for Cs2B12H12, although confirmation of their existence requires analogous diffraction measurements. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Verdal, Nina; Wu, Hui; Udovic, Terrence J.; Zhou, Wei; Rush, John J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei; Rush, John J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stavila, Vitalie] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Verdal, N (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nina.verdal@nist.gov RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Stavila, Vitalie/B-6464-2008 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Stavila, Vitalie/0000-0003-0981-0432 FU DOE, EERE [DE-AI-01-05EE11104, DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was partially supported by the DOE through Award nos. DE-AI-01-05EE11104 and DE-AC04-94AL85000 within the EERE-supported Metal Hydride Center of Excellence. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 184 IS 11 BP 3110 EP 3116 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2011.09.010 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 839YA UT WOS:000296404200040 ER PT J AU Malm, WC Schichtel, BA Pitchford, ML AF Malm, William C. Schichtel, Bret A. Pitchford, Marc L. TI Uncertainties in PM2.5 Gravimetric and Speciation Measurements and What We Can Learn from Them SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Air-and-Waste-Management-Association (AWMA) International Specialty Conference on Leapfrogging Opportunities for Air Quality Improvement CY MAY 10-14, 2010 CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Air & Waste Management Assoc (A&WMA) China Sect, Inst Earth Environm, Chinese Acad Sci (IEECAS), Desert Res Inst (DRI), U.S. Environm Protect Agcy (EPA), China Light & Power (CLP), Natl Nat Sci Fdn China (NSFC) ID ORGANIC-CARBON RATIO; LIGHT-SCATTERING CHARACTERISTICS; SHENANDOAH-NATIONAL-PARK; NEW-YORK-STATE; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; AEROSOL MASS; SAMPLING ARTIFACTS; FILTER SAMPLES; UNITED-STATES; NYLON FILTERS AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the federal land management community (National Park Service, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Forest Service, and Bureau of Land Management) operate extensive particle speciation monitoring networks that are similar in design but are operated for different objectives. Compliance (mass only) monitoring is also carried out using federal reference method (FRM) criteria at approximately 1000 sites. The Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) consists of approximately 50 long-term-trend sites, with about another 250 sites that have been or are currently operated by state and local agencies. The sites are located in urban or suburban settings. The Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) monitoring network consists of about 181 sites, approximately 170 of which are in nonurban areas. Each monitoring approach has its own inherent monitoring limitations and biases. Determination of gravimetric mass has both negative and positive artifacts. Ammonium nitrate and other semivolatiles are lost during sampling, whereas, on the other hand, measured mass includes particle-bound water. Furthermore, some species may react with atmospheric gases, further increasing the positive mass artifact. Estimating aerosol species concentrations requires assumptions concerning the chemical form of various molecular compounds, such as nitrates and sulfates, and organic material and soil composition. Comparing data collected in the various monitoring networks allows for assessing uncertainties and biases associated with both negative and positive artifacts of gravimetric mass determinations, assumptions of chemical composition, and biases between different sampler technologies. All these biases are shown to have systematic seasonal characteristics. Unaccounted-for particle-bound water tends to be higher in the summer, as does nitrate volatilization. The ratio of particle organic mass divided by organic carbon mass (Roc) is higher during summer and lower during the winter seasons in both CSN and IMPROVE networks, and Roc is lower in urban than non-urban environments. C1 [Malm, William C.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schichtel, Bret A.] Colorado State Univ, Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pitchford, Marc L.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Desert Res Inst, Special Operat & Res Div, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Malm, WC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, 1375 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM malm@cira.colostate.edu NR 60 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 45 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 61 IS 11 SI SI BP 1131 EP 1149 DI 10.1080/10473289.2011.603998 PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 842JR UT WOS:000296596000006 PM 22168097 ER PT J AU Bi, L Jung, JA Morgan, MC Le Marshall, JF AF Bi, Li Jung, James A. Morgan, Michael C. Le Marshall, John F. TI Assessment of Assimilating ASCAT Surface Wind Retrievals in the NCEP Global Data Assimilation System SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-METEOROLOGICAL-CENTER; 2-SEASON IMPACT; FORECAST SYSTEM; SATELLITE; RAWINSONDE; WATER; MODEL; GSI AB A two-season Observing System Experiment (OSE) was used to quantify the impacts of assimilating the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) surface winds product distributed by the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMESAT) and the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS). The ASCAT wind retrievals were provided by the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Office (KNMI) and the 50-km resolution ASCAT products were assimilated. The impact of assimilating the ASCAT surface wind product in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Data Assimilation/Global Forecast System (GDAS/GFS) was assessed by comparing the forecast results through 168 11 for the months of August 2008 and January 2009. The NCEP GDAS/GFS was used, at a resolution of T382-64 layers, as the assimilation system and forecast model for these experiments. A control simulation utilizing all the data types assimilated in the operational GDAS was compared to an experimental simulation that added the ASCAT surface winds. Quality control procedures required to assimilate the ASCAT surface winds are discussed. Anomaly correlations (ACs) of geopotential height forecasts as well as geographic distribution of AC of geopotential height forecasts at 1000 and 500 hPa were evaluated for the control and experiment during both seasons. The geographical distribution of forecast impact (F1) on the wind and temperature fields near the surface is also presented. The results of this study show that assimilation of the surface wind retrievals from the ASCAT sensor improve the NCEP GFS wind and temperature forecasts. A positive F1, which suggests the error growth of the experiment is slower than the control, has been realized in the NCEP GDAS/GFS wind and temperature forecasts through 24 h. The ASCAT experiment AC scores show modest forecast improvements from days 4 through 7. C1 [Bi, Li] USN, Res Lab, Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Jung, James A.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Jung, James A.] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Morgan, Michael C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Le Marshall, John F.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Bi, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Univ Corp Atmospher Res, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM li.bi.ctr.ch@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA07EC0676] FX The authors wish to thank Stephen Lord and John Derber of NCEP for providing the GFS/GDAS, computer resources, and taps space; John Derber and Lars Peter Riishojgaard (NASA) for giving insightful advice; and Zorana Jelenak for providing the ASCAT retrieval data. Funding and computer resources were provided by the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA). This research was supported under National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Grant NA07EC0676, which supports JCSDA activities. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 139 IS 11 BP 3405 EP 3421 DI 10.1175/2011MWR3391.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 840XP UT WOS:000296475700005 ER PT J AU Schenkman, AD Xue, M Shapiro, A Brewster, K Gao, JD AF Schenkman, Alexander D. Xue, Ming Shapiro, Alan Brewster, Keith Gao, Jidong TI Impact of CASA Radar and Oklahoma Mesonet Data Assimilation on the Analysis and Prediction of Tornadic Mesovortices in an MCS SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; LIVED SQUALL LINES; LEVEL-II DATA; PART I; BOW ECHOES; SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORM; DENSITY CURRENTS; SYSTEM ARPS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; CLOUD ANALYSIS AB The impact of radar and Oklahoma Mesonet data assimilation on the prediction of mesovortices in a tornadic mesoscale convective system (MCS) is examined. The radar data come from the operational Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) and the Engineering Research Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere's (CASA) IP-1 radar network. The Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) model is employed to perform high-resolution predictions of an MCS and the associated cyclonic line-end vortex that spawned several tornadoes in central Oklahoma on 8-9 May 2007, while the ARPS three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) system in combination with a complex cloud analysis package is used for the data analysis. A set of data assimilation and prediction experiments are performed on a 400-m resolution grid nested inside a 2-km grid, to examine the impact of radar data on the prediction of meso-gamma-scale vortices (mesovortices). An 80-min assimilation window is used in radar data assimilation experiments. An additional set of experiments examines the impact of assimilating 5-min data from the Oklahoma Mesonet in addition to the radar data. Qualitative comparison with observations shows highly accurate forecasts of mesovortices up to 80 min in advance of their genesis are obtained when the low-level shear in advance of the gust front is effectively analyzed. Accurate analysis of the low-level shear profile relies on assimilating high-resolution low-level wind information. The most accurate analysis (and resulting prediction) is obtained in experiments that assimilate low-level radial velocity data from the CASA radars. Assimilation of 5-min observations from the Oklahoma Mesonet has a substantial positive impact on the analysis and forecast when high-resolution low-level wind observations from CASA are absent; when the low-level CASA wind data are assimilated, the impact of Mesonet data is smaller. Experiments that do not assimilate low-level wind data from CASA radars are unable to accurately resolve the low-level shear profile and gust front structure, precluding accurate prediction of mesovortex development. C1 [Schenkman, Alexander D.; Xue, Ming; Shapiro, Alan] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Schenkman, Alexander D.; Xue, Ming; Shapiro, Alan; Brewster, Keith] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Gao, Jidong] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Schenkman, AD (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM alex3238@ou.edu RI Shapiro, Alan/G-6116-2011; Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 FU NSF, as part of ERC CASA [EEC-0313747]; NSF [ATM-0608168, ATM-0 750790, ATM-0941491, OCI-0905040]; [AGS-0802888]; [AGS-0738370] FX This work was primarily supported by NSF Grant EEC-0313747, as part of ERC CASA. Partial support was also provided by AGS-0802888 and AGS-0738370. Ming Xue was also supported by NSF Grants ATM-0608168, ATM-0 750790, ATM-0941491, and OCI-0905040. Thanks to Matt Kumjian for a thorough review of this manuscript. Comments from three anonymous reviewers also helped strengthen this manuscript. Oklahoma Mesonet data are provided courtesy of the Oklahoma Mesonet, a cooperative venture between Oklahoma State University and the University of Oklahoma and supported by the taxpayers of Oklahoma. The computing for this project was performed at the OU Supercomputing Center for Education & Research (OSCER) at the University of Oklahoma (OU). NR 38 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 139 IS 11 BP 3422 EP 3445 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-10-05051.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 840XP UT WOS:000296475700006 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, C McCaul, EW Cohen, C AF Kirkpatrick, Cody McCaul, Eugene W., Jr. Cohen, Charles TI Sensitivities of Simulated Convective Storms to Environmental CAPE SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TORNADO FORECAST PARAMETERS; VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; RAPID UPDATE CYCLE; PRECIPITATION EFFICIENCY; PROXIMITY SOUNDINGS; SUPERCELL STORMS; SQUALL LINE; MIXED-LAYER; THUNDERSTORM; CLIMATOLOGY AB A set of 225 idealized three-dimensional cloud-resolving simulations is used to explore convective storm behavior in environments with various values of CAPE (450, 800, 2000, and 3200 J kg(-1)). The simulations show that when CAPE = 2000 J kg(-1) or greater, numerous combinations of other environmental parameters can support updrafts of at least 10 m s(-1) throughout an entire 2-h simulation. At CAPE = 450 J kg(-1), it is very difficult to obtain strong storms, although one case featuring a supercell is found. For CAPE = 800 J kg(-1), mature storm updraft speeds correlate positively with strong low-level lapse rates and reduced precipitable water. In some cases, updrafts at this CAPE value can reach speeds that rival predictions of parcel theory, but such efficient conversion of CAPE to kinetic energy does not extend to all storms at CAPE = 800 J kg(-1), nor to any storms in simulations at lower or higher CAPE. In simulations with CAPE = 2000 or 3200 J kg(-1). the strongest time-averaged mature updrafts, while supercellular in character, feature generally less than 60% of the speeds expected from parcel theory, and even the strongest updraft found at CAPE = 450 J kg(-1) fails to reach that relative strength. When CAPE = 2000 J kg(-1) or more, updrafts benefit from enhanced shear, higher levels of free convection, and reduced precipitable water. Strong low-level shear and a reduced height of the level of free convection correlate closely with low-level storm vertical vorticity when CAPE is at least 2000 J kg(-1), consistent with previous findings. However, at CAPE = 800 J kg(-1), low-level vorticity shares the same correlations with the environment as updraft strength. With respect to storm precipitation, in simulations initiated with only 30 mm of precipitable water (PW), all of the storms that last for an entire 2-h simulation tend to produce liquid precipitation at roughly similar rates, regardless of their CAPE. In environments where PW is increased to 60 mm, storms tend to produce the most rainfall at CAPE = 2000 J kg(-1), with somewhat lesser rainfall rates at lower and higher CAPE. Nevertheless, over the simulation domain, the ground area that receives at least 10 mm of rainfall tends to increase as CAPE increases, owing to a greater number and size of precipitating updrafts in the domain. C1 [Kirkpatrick, Cody] Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [McCaul, Eugene W., Jr.; Cohen, Charles] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, C (reprint author), UCAR COMET, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM codyk@ucar.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) at UA Huntsville [NA08OAR4600896]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0126408] FX This research was supported by a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to Dr. Kevin Knupp at UA Huntsville (Grant NA08OAR4600896). Publication support was provided by the Earth System Science Center at UA Huntsville. We appreciate the detailed reviews provided by Dr. David Schultz (Chief Editor), Stephen Corfidi, and three additional anonymous reviewers; their constructive criticisms have resulted in a greatly improved manuscript. We acknowledge computing support from Scott Podgorny (UAH) and Jayanthi Srikishen of USRA in Huntsville. Original support for the COMPASS simulations was provided in 2002 through Grant ATM-0126408 from the National Science Foundation, under the supervision of Dr. Stephan Nelson. (For additional information, please see the COMPASS Web site at http://space.hsv.usra.edu/COMPASS/.) NR 67 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 139 IS 11 BP 3514 EP 3532 DI 10.1175/2011MWR3631.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 840XP UT WOS:000296475700010 ER PT J AU Pegion, K Sardeshmukh, PD AF Pegion, Kathy Sardeshmukh, Prashant D. TI Prospects for Improving Subseasonal Predictions SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; FORECAST SYSTEM; PREDICTABILITY; REANALYSIS; MODEL; VARIABILITY; MONSOON; IMPACT AB Extending atmospheric prediction skill beyond the predictability limit of about 10 days for daily weather rests on the hope that some time-averaged aspects of anomalous circulations remain predictable at longer forecast lead times, both because of the existence of natural low-frequency modes of atmospheric variability and coupling to the ocean with larger thermal inertia. In this paper the week-2 and week-3 forecast skill of two global coupled atmosphere ocean models recently developed at NASA and NOAA is compared with that of much simpler linear inverse models (LIMs) based on the observed time-lag correlations of atmospheric circulation anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) anomalies in the tropics. The coupled models are found to beat the LIMs only slightly, and only if an ensemble prediction methodology is employed. To assess the potential for further skill improvement, a predictability analysis based on the relative magnitudes of forecast signal and forecast noise in the LIM framework is conducted. Estimating potential skill by such a method is argued to be superior to using the ensemble-mean and ensemble-spread information in the coupled model ensemble prediction system. The LIM-based predictability analysis yields relatively conservative estimates of the potential skill, and suggests that outside the tropics the average coupled model skill may already be close to the potential skill, although there may still be room for improvement in the tropical forecast skill. C1 [Pegion, Kathy; Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Pegion, Kathy; Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.] Univ Colorado, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Pegion, K (reprint author), NOAA ESRL, 325 Broadway,R-PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kathy.pegion@noaa.gov RI Pegion, Kathy/E-1525-2013 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [ESE-NN-H-04-Z-YS-008-N] FX We thank S. Schubert and Y. Chang from NASA/GMAO for providing us with the GEOS-5 reforecast data. Constructive comments by two anonymous reviewers helped to improve this manuscript. This work was partly supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Grant ESE-NN-H-04-Z-YS-008-N. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 139 IS 11 BP 3648 EP 3666 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00004.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 840XP UT WOS:000296475700018 ER PT J AU Thorpe, MJ Rippe, L Fortier, TM Kirchner, MS Rosenband, T AF Thorpe, Michael J. Rippe, Lars Fortier, Tara M. Kirchner, Matthew S. Rosenband, Till TI Frequency stabilization to 6 x 10(-16) via spectral-hole burning SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID LASER STABILIZATION; REFERENCE CAVITY; OPTICAL CLOCKS; EU3+-Y2SIO5; PHASE; TIME AB We demonstrate two-stage laser stabilization based on a combination of Fabry-Perot and spectral-hole burning techniques. The laser is first pre-stabilized by the Fabry-Perot cavity to a fractional-frequency stability of sigma(y)(tau) < 1 x 10(-13). A pattern of multiple spectral holes written in the absorption spectrum of Eu3+:Y2SiO5 serves to further stabilize the laser to sigma(y)(tau) <= 6 x 10(-16) for 2 s <= tau <= 8 s. We also measure the frequency sensitivity of Eu3+:Y2SiO5 spectral holes to environmental perturbations including temperature (16 kHz K-2), pressure (211.4 Hz Pa-1) and acceleration (7 x 10(-12) g(-1)). Each spectral hole sensitivity parameter is lower than the corresponding parameter for Fabry-Perot cavities, suggesting that spectral holes can be more frequency-stable. C1 [Thorpe, Michael J.; Fortier, Tara M.; Kirchner, Matthew S.; Rosenband, Till] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Rippe, Lars] Lund Univ, Dept Phys, S-22363 Lund, Sweden. RP Thorpe, MJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mthorpe@nist.gov FU Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency; Office of Naval Research FX M.J.T. acknowledges support from the National Research Council. The authors thank R. L. Cone, J.C. Bergquist, J. Ye, J. L. Hall and D. J. Wineland for useful discussions, and D. R. Leibrandt and J. A. Sherman for help with manuscript preparation. This work is supported by the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency and the Office of Naval Research and is not subject to US copyright. NR 33 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 23 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD NOV PY 2011 VL 5 IS 11 BP 689 EP 694 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2011.215 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 843WF UT WOS:000296706100014 ER PT J AU van der Laan, DC Abraimov, D Polyanskii, AA Larbalestier, DC Douglas, JF Semerad, R Bauer, M AF van der Laan, D. C. Abraimov, D. Polyanskii, A. A. Larbalestier, D. C. Douglas, J. F. Semerad, R. Bauer, M. TI Anisotropic in-plane reversible strain effect in Y0.5Gd0.5Ba2Cu3O7-delta coated conductors SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AXIAL-STRAIN; CRITICAL CURRENTS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THERMAL-EXPANSION; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; GRAIN-STRUCTURE; TENSILE STRAIN; T-C; TAPES; SUPERCONDUCTORS AB Recent experiments have shown that reversible effects of strain on the critical current density and flux pinning strength in the high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox can be explained entirely by the pressure dependence of its critical temperature. Such a correlation is less simple for RE-Ba2Cu3O7-delta (RE = rare earth) superconductors, in part because the in-plane pressure dependence of its critical temperature is highly anisotropic. Here, we make a qualitative correlation between the uniaxial pressure dependence of the critical temperature and the reversible strain effect on the critical current of RE-Ba2Cu3O7-delta coated conductors by taking the crystallography and texture of the superconducting film into account. The strain sensitivity of the critical current is highest when strain is oriented along the [100] and [010] directions of the superconducting film, whereas the critical current becomes almost independent of strain when strain is oriented along the [110] direction. The results confirm the important role of the anisotropic pressure dependence of the critical temperature on the reversible strain behavior of RE-Ba2Cu3O7-delta. The reversible strain effect in RE-Ba2Cu3O7-delta is expected to decrease the performance of the conductor in many applications, such as high-field magnets, but the effect may be only minor in coated conductor cables, where strain is generally not aligned with the tape axis. C1 [van der Laan, D. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [van der Laan, D. C.; Douglas, J. F.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Abraimov, D.; Polyanskii, A. A.; Larbalestier, D. C.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Semerad, R.; Bauer, M.] THEVA Dunnschichttech GMBH, D-85737 Ismaning, Germany. RP van der Laan, DC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM danko@boulder.nist.gov RI van der Laan, Danko/L-5098-2016; Larbalestier, David/B-2277-2008 OI Larbalestier, David/0000-0001-7098-7208 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability FX The authors thank Dr Sugano and Professor Awaji for technical discussions and SuperPower Inc. for providing the IBAD-MOCVD coated conductor in which the bridges were patterned. This work at NIST and at FSU was supported in part by the US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability. NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 24 IS 11 AR 115010 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/24/11/115010 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 844TD UT WOS:000296769300010 ER PT J AU Reiner, JL Phinney, KW Keller, JM AF Reiner, Jessica L. Phinney, Karen W. Keller, Jennifer M. TI Determination of perfluorinated compounds in human plasma and serum Standard Reference Materials using independent analytical methods SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Standard reference materials; Perfluorinated compounds; PFOS; PFOA; PFHxS; Human plasma ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; HUMAN BLOOD; POLYFLUOROALKYL CHEMICALS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; NHANES 1999-2000; NATIONAL-HEALTH; US POPULATION; HUMAN SAMPLES AB Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were measured in three National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) (SRMs 1950 Metabolites in Human Plasma, SRM 1957 Organic Contaminants in Non-fortified Human Serum, and SRM 1958 Organic Contaminants in Fortified Human Serum) using two analytical approaches. The methods offer some independence, with two extraction types and two liquid chromatographic separation methods. The first extraction method investigated the acidification of the sample followed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) using a weak anion exchange cartridge. The second method used an acetonitrile extraction followed by SPE using a graphitized non-porous carbon cartridge. The extracts were separated using a reversed-phase C(8) stationary phase and a pentafluorophenyl (PFP) stationary phase. Measured values from both methods for the two human serum SRMs, 1957 and 1958, agreed with reference values on the Certificates of Analysis. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) values were obtained for the first time in human plasma SRM 1950 with good reproducibility among the methods (below 5% relative standard deviation). The nominal mass interference from taurodeoxycholic acid, which has caused over estimation of the amount of PFOS in biological samples, was separated from PFOS using the PFP stationary phase. Other PFCs were also detected in SRM 1950 and are reported. SRM 1950 can be used as a control material for human biomonitoring studies and as an aid to develop new measurement methods. C1 [Reiner, Jessica L.; Phinney, Karen W.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Reiner, Jessica L.; Keller, Jennifer M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Reiner, JL (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jessica.reiner@nist.gov RI Reiner, Jessica/B-9169-2008; Reiner, Jessica /B-3167-2011 NR 39 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 26 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 401 IS 9 BP 2899 EP 2907 DI 10.1007/s00216-011-5380-x PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 839HV UT WOS:000296357200024 PM 21912833 ER PT J AU Newman, M Alexander, MA Scott, JD AF Newman, Matthew Alexander, Michael A. Scott, James D. TI An empirical model of tropical ocean dynamics SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Sea-surface temperatures; ENSO; Climate variability; Ocean-atmosphere interaction; Coupled models ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ZONAL ADVECTIVE FEEDBACKS; EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ROSSBY WAVES; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; THERMOCLINE VARIABILITY; RECHARGE OSCILLATOR AB To extend the linear stochastically forced paradigm of tropical sea surface temperature (SST) variability to the subsurface ocean, a linear inverse model (LIM) is constructed from the simultaneous and 3-month lag covariances of observed 3-month running mean anomalies of SST, thermocline depth, and zonal wind stress. This LIM is then used to identify the empirically-determined linear dynamics with physical processes to gauge their relative importance to ENSO evolution. Optimal growth of SST anomalies over several months is triggered by both an initial SST anomaly and a central equatorial Pacific thermocline anomaly that propagates slowly eastward while leading the amplifying SST anomaly. The initial SST and thermocline anomalies each produce roughly half the SST amplification. If interactions between the sea surface and the thermocline are removed in the linear dynamical operator, the SST anomaly undergoes less optimal growth but is also more persistent, and its location shifts from the eastern to central Pacific. Optimal growth is also found to be essentially the result of two stable eigenmodes with similar structure but differing 2- and 4-year periods evolving from initial destructive to constructive interference. Variations among ENSO events could then be a consequence not of changing stability characteristics but of random excitation of these two eigenmodes, which represent different balances between surface and subsurface coupled dynamics. As found in previous studies, the impact of the additional variables on LIM SST forecasts is relatively small for short time scales. Over time intervals greater than about 9 months, however, the additional variables both significantly enhance forecast skill and predict lag covariances and associated power spectra whose closer agreement with observations enhances the validation of the linear model. Moreover, a secondary type of optimal growth exists that is not present in a LIM constructed from SST alone, in which initial SST anomalies in the southwest tropical Pacific and Indian ocean play a larger role than on shorter time scales, apparently driving sustained off-equatorial wind stress anomalies in the eastern Pacific that result in a more persistent equatorial thermocline anomaly and a more protracted (and predictable) ENSO event. C1 [Newman, Matthew; Alexander, Michael A.; Scott, James D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Newman, Matthew; Scott, James D.] Univ Colorado, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Newman, M (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. EM matt.newman@noaa.gov RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013; Newman, Matthew /F-8336-2010 OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427; Newman, Matthew /0000-0001-5348-2312 FU NOAA FX The authors thank Antonietta Capotondi, Cecile Penland, Amy Solomon, David Battisti and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. This work was partially supported by a grant from NOAA CLIVAR-Pacific. NR 74 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 37 IS 9-10 BP 1823 EP 1841 DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1034-0 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 840XY UT WOS:000296476600009 ER PT J AU Williams, CR AF Williams, Christopher R. TI Inexpensive FM-CW Radar for Boundary-Layer Precipitation Studies SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Doppler radar; frequency-modulation (FM) radar; radar velocity measurement ID RAINDROP SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AB A vertically pointing C-band (5.8-GHz) frequency-modulated (FM) continuous-wave Doppler radar was developed for less than U.S.$ 6000, which can estimate the Doppler velocity power spectra from 20 to 300 m above the ground with a 5-m resolution. Three key design elements kept the costs low. First, the data acquisition system (DAS) commanded a direct digital synthesizer to start the FM sweep and then collected all voltage samples. This architecture insured phase coherence between the transmit FM sweep and the sampled voltages, which is critical for the Doppler processing that detects target phase changes over several successive FM sweeps. Second, a 5-m range resolution was achieved by increasing the FM bandwidth to over 36 MHz and decreasing the DAS sample rate to 500 kHz, enabling the use of an inexpensive DAS. Third, the Doppler processing at each range was achieved using two fast Fourier transforms (FFTs), i.e., a range FFT converted FM sweep voltages into in-phase and quadrature voltages I and Q at each range, and a Doppler FFT converted I and Q voltages from consecutive sweeps into the Doppler velocity power spectra. Observations show precipitation variability at 1-s and 5-m resolutions in the lowest 300 m of the atmosphere. C1 [Williams, Christopher R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williams, Christopher R.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Williams, CR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Christopher.Williams@colorado.edu RI Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015 OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850 FU University of Colorado at Boulder FX This work was supported by the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences Innovative Research Program of the University of Colorado at Boulder. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1031 EP 1035 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2011.2150733 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 840SQ UT WOS:000296462000005 ER PT J AU Guha, S Wayment, JR Li, MD Tarlov, MJ Zachariah, MR AF Guha, Suvajyoti Wayment, Joshua R. Li, Mingdong Tarlov, Michael J. Zachariah, Michael R. TI Characterizing the Adsorption of Proteins on Glass Capillary Surfaces Using Electrospray-Differential Mobility Analysis SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-PROTEINS; IONIC-STRENGTH; POLYSTYRENE LATTICES; CHARGE-DISTRIBUTION; LATEX-PARTICLES; BLOOD PROTEINS; SOLID-SURFACES; IGG; AGGREGATION; KINETICS AB We quantify the adsorption and desorption of a monoclonal immunoglobulin-G antibody, rituxamab (RmAb), on silica capillary surfaces using electrospray-differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA). We first develop a theory to calculate coverages and desorption rate constants from the ES-DMA data for proteins adsorbing on glass capillaries used to electrospray protein solutions. This model is then used to study the adsorption of RmAb on a bare silica capillary surface. A concentration-independent coverage of approximate to 4.0 mg/m(2) is found for RmAb concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 mg/mL. A study of RmAb adsorption to bare silica as a function of pH shows maximum adsorption at its isoelectric point (pI of pH 8.5) consistent with literature. The desorption rate constants are determined to be approximate to 10(-5) s(-1), consistent with previously reported values, thus suggesting that shear forces in the capillary may not have a considerable effect on desorption. We anticipate that this study will allow ES-DMA to be used as a "label free" tool to study adsorption of oligometric and multicomponent protein systems onto fused silica as well as other surface modifications. C1 [Guha, Suvajyoti; Li, Mingdong; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guha, Suvajyoti; Li, Mingdong; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guha, Suvajyoti; Wayment, Joshua R.; Li, Mingdong; Tarlov, Michael J.; Zachariah, Michael R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu RI Li, Mingdong/G-6957-2014; OI Li, Mingdong/0000-0001-5890-7156; Guha, Suvajyoti/0000-0002-7622-2721 NR 62 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 27 IS 21 BP 13008 EP 13014 DI 10.1021/la202792g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 837NZ UT WOS:000296211800031 PM 21905703 ER PT J AU Arkoosh, MR Strickland, S Van Gaest, A Ylitalo, GM Johnson, L Yanagida, GK Collier, TK Dietrich, JP AF Arkoosh, Mary R. Strickland, Stacy Van Gaest, Ahna Ylitalo, Gina M. Johnson, Lyndal Yanagida, Gladys K. Collier, Tracy K. Dietrich, Joseph P. TI Trends in organic pollutants and lipids in juvenile Snake River spring Chinook salmon with different outmigrating histories through the Lower Snake and Middle Columbia Rivers SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Federal Columbia River Power System; Chinook; Lipids; Contaminants; Persistent organic pollutants (PCBs and DDTs); PAHs ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; EXPOSURE; FISH; TSHAWYTSCHA; RESPONSES; TOXICITY AB A three-year field study was conducted from 2006 to 2008 to monitor the spatial and temporal trends of organic pollutants in migrating juvenile Snake River spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) sampled from the Lower Snake and Middle Columbia River Basins. Specifically, hatchery-reared juvenile salmon were monitored as they navigated the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) by either transport barge (Barged) or remained in the river (In-River) from Lower Granite Dam to a terminal collection dam, either John Day Dam or Bonneville Dam. Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and organochlorine (OC) pesticides were detected in the bodies of both In-River and Barged salmon during the 2006, 2007 and 2008 outmigrating season. At the terminal dam, In-River fish had greater concentrations of persistent organic pollutants POPs than Barged salmon. Of the POPs detected, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) were found at the greatest concentrations in the salmon bodies. These elevated lipid-normalized concentrations in the In-River fish were due to lipid depletion in all years as well as increased exposure to POPs in some years as indicated by an increase in wet weight contaminant concentrations. Salmon were also exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as indicated by the phenanthrene (PHN) signal for biliary fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs) at the hatcheries or prior to Lower Granite Dam. There were detectable levels of biliary FACs as fish migrated downstream or were barged to the terminal dam. Therefore, the potential exists for these organic pollutants and lipid levels to cause adverse effects and should be included as one of the variables to consider when examining the effects of the FCRPS on threatened and endangered juvenile salmon. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Arkoosh, Mary R.; Strickland, Stacy; Van Gaest, Ahna; Dietrich, Joseph P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Ylitalo, Gina M.; Johnson, Lyndal; Yanagida, Gladys K.] NOAA, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Collier, Tracy K.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Arkoosh, MR (reprint author), Newport Res Stn, 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM mary.arkoosh@noaa.gov FU US Army Corps of Engineers; NOAA; Northwest Fisheries Science Center's Fish Ecology Division FX Funding for this study was provided, in part, by the Anadromous Fish Evaluation Program of the US Army Corps of Engineers and from NOAA Fisheries programmatic support for salmon recovery science. We appreciate the support of John W. Ferguson, Director of Northwest Fisheries Science Center's Fish Ecology Division in helping to obtain financial support for this work. We greatly appreciate the technical assistance of Jerry Pruiett, Samantha Bund, Paul Peterson, James Lathe, Bill Fleenor, Greg Hutchinson, Erik Loboschefsky, Nancy Raskauskas, Amber Roegner, Dina Spangenberg, Mary Bhuthimethee, Collin Christianson, Ben Campbell, Claudia Bravo, Don Thompson, Kai Eder, and Frank Loge in sample collection and care; as well as Jennie Bolton, Daryle Boyd, Richard Boyer, Catherine Sloan, and Karen Tilbury in sample and data analysis. We thank Paul Olson and Mark Myers for reviewing the manuscript. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 409 IS 23 BP 5086 EP 5100 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.08.031 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 836RL UT WOS:000296128700024 PM 21937091 ER PT J AU Shimizu, M Kishimoto, K Yamaguchi, T Nakano, Y Hara, A Dickhoff, WW AF Shimizu, Munetaka Kishimoto, Keisuke Yamaguchi, Teppei Nakano, Yusuke Hara, Akihiko Dickhoff, Walton W. TI Circulating salmon 28-and 22-kDa insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) are co-orthologs of IGFBP-1 SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Insulin-like growth factor binding protein; Salmon; Identification; Gene duplication; Subfunction partitioning ID RAINBOW-TROUT; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; MORONE-SAXATILIS; STRIPED BASS; IN-VITRO; HORMONAL-REGULATION; BIOLOGICAL ACTIONS; GENE-EXPRESSION; SERUM; ZEBRAFISH AB Circulating insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) play pivotal roles in stabilizing IGFs and regulating their availability to target tissues. In the teleost circulation, three major IGFBPs are typically detected by ligand blotting with molecular masses around 20-25, 28-32 and 40-45 kDa. However, their identity is poorly established and often confused. We previously identified salmon 22- and 41-kDa forms as IGFBP-1 and -2b, respectively. In the present study, we cloned the cDNA of 28-kDa IGFBP from Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) as well as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) based on the partial N-terminal amino acid sequence of purified protein and identified it as an ortholog of IGFBP-1. Structural and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the 28-kDa IGFBP is more closely related to human IGFBP-1 and zebrafish IGFBP-1 a than the previously identified salmon IGFBP-1 (i.e. 22-kDa IGFBP). We thus named salmon 28- and 22-kDa forms as IGFBP-la and -1b, respectively. Salmon IGFBP-la contains a potential PEST region involved in rapid protein turnover and phosphorylation sites typically found in mammalian IGFBP-1, although the PEST and phosphorylation scores are not as high as those of human IGFBP-1. There was a striking difference in tissue distribution patterns between subtypes; Salmon igfbp-1a was expressed in a variety of tissues while igfbp-1b was almost exclusively expressed in the liver, suggesting that IGFBP-la has more local actions. Direct seawater exposure (osmotic stress) of Chinook salmon parr caused increases in both IGFBP-1s in plasma, while IGFBP-1b appeared to be more sensitive. The presence of two co-orthologs of IGFBP-1 in the circulation in salmon, and most likely in other teleosts, provides a good opportunity to investigate subfunction partitioning of duplicated IGFBP-1 during postnatal growth. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Shimizu, Munetaka; Kishimoto, Keisuke; Yamaguchi, Teppei; Nakano, Yusuke; Hara, Akihiko] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Fisheries Sci, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. [Shimizu, Munetaka; Dickhoff, Walton W.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Shimizu, Munetaka; Dickhoff, Walton W.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Shimizu, M (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Fac Fisheries Sci, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. EM mune@fish.hokudai.ac.jp FU Japan Science and Technology Agency [AS211Z03755]; US Department of Agriculture, NRICGP [2003-03314] FX We thank Etsuro Yamaha and Shizuo Kimura, Nanae Fresh-Water Laboratory, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, for providing rainbow trout and tank space for the cortisol injection experiment. We also thank Brian R. Beckman and Brad A. Gadberry, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, WA, for their help in seawater transfer experiment. This work was supported by grants from Japan Science and Technology Agency, Adaptable and Seamless Techonology Transfer Program (A-STEP) (AS211Z03755) and the US Department of Agriculture, NRICGP, Animal Growth and Nutrient Utilization Program (2003-03314). NR 51 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 174 IS 2 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.08.005 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 837QJ UT WOS:000296218000004 PM 21888908 ER PT J AU Fair, PA Montie, E Balthis, L Reif, JS Bossart, GD AF Fair, Patricia A. Montie, Eric Balthis, Len Reif, John S. Bossart, Gregory D. TI Influences of biological variables and geographic location on circulating concentrations of thyroid hormones in wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus); Thyroid hormones; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine; Endocrine ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; HARBOR PORPOISE; ESTUARINE AREAS; PHOCA-VITULINA; SEA LIONS; AGE; PATTERNS; BRAIN; SERUM AB Thyroid hormones (TH) are key regulators of metabolism and development, yet our understanding of the variability in serum TH concentrations in free-ranging marine mammals is limited. Thus, we examined the interrelationships between TH and age, sex, reproductive status, geographic location, and ocean temperatures in wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Circulating concentrations of TH (total thyroxine (tT(4)), free T(4) (fT(4)), and total triiodothyronine (tT(3))) were determined in a total of 195 dolphins; 80 from the coastal waters of Charleston, South Carolina (CHS) and 115 from the Indian River Lagoon. Florida (IRL). Age had the most influence on circulating TH concentrations in dolphins at both sites with decreasing concentrations (p < 0.0001) observed with increasing age for all TH. No significant differences were found between males and non-reproductive females. Geographic location significantly influenced tT4 and tT(3) concentrations; CHS dolphins had higher concentrations than IRL animals. These TH differences between CHS and IRL dolphins may be attributed to the colder year-round water temperature that CHS dolphins inhabit compared to IRL dolphins and could constitute an adaptive response to their colder environment. Results from this study highlight the importance of establishing reference values for dolphins in different geographic locations to support valid comparisons. This initial assessment provides a foundation of how biological and environmental variables could affect circulating TH in dolphins, which will help to elucidate the impacts of disease, pollution, and climate change on the thyroid hormone system of aquatic mammals. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Fair, Patricia A.; Balthis, Len] NOAA, Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Montie, Eric] Univ S Carolina Beaufort, Bluffton, SC 29909 USA. [Reif, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Nw Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. RP Fair, PA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM pat.fair@noaa.gov FU NOAA/NCCOS/CCEHBR; NOAA; Florida Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate Fund FX We would like to thank the numerous researchers who participated in the dolphin capture and release studies in South Carolina and Florida. We are especially grateful to Dr. Forrest Townsend, Mr. Larry Fulford, Mr. Larry Hansen, Mr. Eric Zolman, Mr. Steve McCulloch, the NOAA and HBOI staff, the collaborators and veterinarians who provided their expertise, and the many volunteers whose help made the health assessment studies possible. We extend our thanks to Wayne McFee for the age analysis and Steve Lamb and colleagues at Cornell University for the thyroid hormone analysis. This study was conducted under National Marine Fisheries Permit No. 998-1678, issued to Gregory Bossart, V.M.D., Ph.D. and supported through NOAA/NCCOS/CCEHBR, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program and the Florida Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate Fund. NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 51 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 174 IS 2 BP 184 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.08.021 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 837QJ UT WOS:000296218000014 PM 21930130 ER PT J AU De Robertis, A Wilson, CD AF De Robertis, Alex Wilson, Christopher D. TI Silent ships do not always encounter more fish (revisited): comparison of acoustic backscatter from walleye pollock recorded by a noise-reduced and a conventional research vessel in the eastern Bering Sea SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acoustics; noise-reduced vessel; vessel avoidance response; walleye pollock ID TARGET-STRENGTH; CLUPEA-HARENGUS; SCHOOLS; AVOIDANCE; PREDATION; SOMETIMES; RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR; SOUNDS; SONAR AB Vessel-induced avoidance behaviour is potentially a major source of error in surveys of fish populations. Noise-reduced research vessels have been constructed in an effort to minimize fish reactions to auditory stimuli produced by survey vessels. Here, measurements of acoustic backscatter from walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) made on the eastern Bering Sea Shelf from the conventional NOAA ship "Miller Freeman" (MF) are compared with similar measurements made on the noise-reduced NOAA ship "Oscar Dyson" (OD). As in a previous study, acoustic abundance measurements from these vessels were equivalent during daylight, when large-scale acoustic surveying is conducted. However, significant differences were observed at night: on average, 44% more pollock backscatter was observed from OD than MF. Observations with a free-drifting echosounder buoy suggest that the night-time discrepancy is attributable to a stronger behavioural response to the passage of the louder MF, and a resulting decrease in pollock target strength. Pollock did not exhibit a strong reaction to the passage of OD. These observations are consistent with previous comparisons of these vessels, which show that with vessel differences, the noise-reduced OD detects more pollock. C1 [De Robertis, Alex; Wilson, Christopher D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP De Robertis, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alex.derobertis@noaa.gov FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX We thank the officers and crew of the NOAA ships "Miller Freeman" and "Oscar Dyson", and the members of the Midwater Assessment group at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center for making this work possible. In particular, P. Ressler and P. Walline stoically spent 16 d in Dutch Harbor waiting for repairs to the "Miller Freeman" so this experiment could be conducted. We also thank N. O. Handegard for discussions on vessel avoidance, and P. Ressler and N. Williamson for comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. The work was funded by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, but the findings and conclusions are those of the authors, and therefore do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 68 IS 10 BP 2229 EP 2239 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr146 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 834SX UT WOS:000295985500026 ER PT J AU Ahlstrom, M Blatchford, J Davis, M Duchesne, J Edelson, D Focken, U Lew, D Loutan, C Maggio, D Marquis, M McMullen, M Parks, K Schuyler, K Sharp, J Souder, D AF Ahlstrom, Mark Blatchford, James Davis, Matthew Duchesne, Jacques Edelson, David Focken, Ulrich Lew, Debra Loutan, Clyde Maggio, David Marquis, Melinda McMullen, Michael Parks, Keith Schuyler, Ken Sharp, Justin Souder, David TI Atmospheric Pressure SO IEEE POWER & ENERGY MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB THE MODERN ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM constitutes a fascinating challenge in delivering reliable and inexpensive power using uncertain components in an increasingly complex world. While the components of the power system have always been uncertain and variable to some degree, the addition of wind and solar energy is increasing the need to directly manage these attributes in more sophisticated ways. Indeed, the growth of wind energy has served as a catalyst that is forcing us to develop the next generation of tools and practices for continued efficient and reliable system operations. Wind is the fuel source for wind power plants, and because of the variability and complexity of the weather that creates the wind, wind power plants show variability and uncertainty in the instantaneous power that they deliver to the grid. The impacts of variability and uncertainty can be reduced in many ways. These include larger balancing areas (BAs) that combine the output from geographically dispersed wind plants to provide a more smoothed and predictable aggregated power level and having a sufficiently flexible power system that can reliably use the wind power at close to real time. But prediction is still the critical tool for scheduling wind energy so that we can better manage the system. The technical nature of weather and wind power forecasting has been covered in past articles (see "For Further Reading"), so we'll discuss such things here only briefly. This article focuses on the latest trends and enhancements emerging in system operations as wind penetrations grow. We discuss technical improvements, current and pending market changes for very high levels of variable generation, the value of forecasting improvements, and the collaborative work that may lead to improved forecasting. This is work at the cutting edge, gathering the latest examples that the authors believe to be of special interest, and we expect this area to remain vibrant and dynamic for many years to come. C1 [Ahlstrom, Mark] WindLogics Inc, St Paul, MN USA. [Blatchford, James; Loutan, Clyde] CAISO, Folsom, CA USA. [Davis, Matthew; Duchesne, Jacques] AESO, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Edelson, David] NYISO, Rensselaer, NY USA. [Focken, Ulrich] Energy & Meteo Syst GmbH, Oldenburg, Germany. [Lew, Debra] Natl Renewable Energy Lab NREL, Golden, CO USA. [Maggio, David] ERCOT, Taylor, TX USA. [Marquis, Melinda] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [McMullen, Michael] MISO, St Paul, MN USA. [Parks, Keith] Xcel Energy, Denver, CO USA. [Schuyler, Ken; Souder, David] PJM, Norristown, PA USA. [Sharp, Justin] Iberdrola Renewables, Portland, OR USA. RP Ahlstrom, M (reprint author), WindLogics Inc, St Paul, MN USA. RI Marquis, Melinda/K-8895-2015 NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1540-7977 J9 IEEE POWER ENERGY M JI IEEE Power Energy Mag. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 9 IS 6 BP 97 EP 107 DI 10.1109/MPE.2011.942353 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 836SO UT WOS:000296131600008 ER PT J AU Held, I AF Held, Isaac TI Open Source Climate Model Development Is Worth It SO IEEE SOFTWARE LA English DT Editorial Material DE code; climate change; open source; climate models C1 [Held, Isaac] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Held, Isaac] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Held, I (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20230 USA. EM Isaac.Held@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0740-7459 J9 IEEE SOFTWARE JI IEEE Softw. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 28 IS 6 BP 62 EP + DI 10.1109/MS.2011.144 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 836HP UT WOS:000296102300013 ER PT J AU Chapman, DD Simpfendorfer, CA Wiley, TR Poulakis, GR Curtis, C Tringali, M Carlson, JK Feldheim, KA AF Chapman, Demian D. Simpfendorfer, Colin A. Wiley, Tonya R. Poulakis, Gregg R. Curtis, Caitlin Tringali, Michael Carlson, John K. Feldheim, Kevin A. TI Genetic Diversity Despite Population Collapse in a Critically Endangered Marine Fish: The Smalltooth Sawfish (Pristis pectinata) SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE elasmobranch; genetic bottleneck; genetic drift; inbreeding; K-selected species; microsatellites ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; NEGAPRION-BREVIROSTRIS; WESTERN ATLANTIC; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; CARCHARHINUS-LIMBATUS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; BLACKTIP SHARK; LEMON SHARK; SIZE AB Sawfish (family Pristidae) are among the most critically endangered marine fish in the world, yet very little is known about how genetic bottlenecks, genetic drift, and inbreeding depression may be affecting these elasmobranchs. In the US Atlantic, the smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata) has declined to 1-5% of its abundance in the 1900s, and its core distribution has contracted to southwest Florida. We used 8 polymorphic microsatellite markers to show that this remnant population still exhibits high genetic diversity in terms of average allelic richness (18.23), average alleles per locus (18.75, standard deviation [SD] 6.6) and observed heterozygosity (0.43-0.98). Inbreeding is rare (mean individual internal relatedness = -0.02, SD 0.14; F-IS = -0.011, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.039 to 0.011), even though the estimated effective population size (N-e) is modest (250-350, 95% CI = 142-955). Simulations suggest that the remnant smalltooth sawfish population will probably retain > 90% of its current genetic diversity over the next century even at the lower estimate of N-e. There is no evidence of a genetic bottleneck accompanying last century's demographic bottleneck, and we discuss hypotheses that could explain this. We also discuss features of elasmobranch life history and population biology that could make them less vulnerable than other large marine vertebrates to genetic change associated with reduced population size. C1 [Chapman, Demian D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Ocean Conservat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Chapman, Demian D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Simpfendorfer, Colin A.; Wiley, Tonya R.] Mote Marine Lab, Ctr Shark Res, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Poulakis, Gregg R.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Charlotte Harbor Field Lab, Port Charlotte, FL USA. [Curtis, Caitlin; Tringali, Michael] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Carlson, John K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL USA. [Feldheim, Kevin A.] Field Museum, Pritzker Lab Mol Systemat & Evolut, Chicago, IL USA. RP Chapman, DD (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Ocean Conservat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM ddchapman@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Simpfendorfer, Colin/G-9681-2011; Curtis, Caitlin/D-2391-2014 OI Simpfendorfer, Colin/0000-0002-0295-2238; Curtis, Caitlin/0000-0002-6284-284X FU National Marine Fisheries Service [GA133F08SE4254]; Pew Charitable Trusts; Shelley Norton (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Service-Southeast Regional Office) FX National Marine Fisheries Service (#GA133F08SE4254 to K.A.F. and D.D.C.) and The Pew Charitable Trusts (to D.D.C.).; Special thanks to Shelley Norton (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Service-Southeast Regional Office) for helping to secure funds. Sawfish tissue samples were obtained under ESA permits #1352 (Mote Marine Laboratory), #1475 (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission), and #1538 (NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Center). D. D. C. would also like to thank Andrew Baker for providing laboratory space that was vital during the early stages of this project. We also thank Pat O'Donnell for providing tissue samples. NR 54 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 43 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV-DEC PY 2011 VL 102 IS 6 BP 643 EP 652 DI 10.1093/jhered/esr098 PG 10 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 836HE UT WOS:000296100900001 PM 21926063 ER PT J AU Stoudt, MR Cai, MD Miles, MP Krajewski, PE AF Stoudt, Mark R. Cai, Mingdong Miles, Michael P. Krajewski, Paul E. TI Innovative Solutions for Shaping and Forming of High Strength Steel, Titanium, and Light Metals SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Stoudt, Mark R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Miles, Michael P.] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Krajewski, Paul E.] Gen Motors Co, Warren, MI USA. RP Stoudt, MR (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1355 EP 1356 DI 10.1007/s11665-011-0041-y PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 834DV UT WOS:000295940500001 ER PT J AU Holland, DS AF Holland, Daniel S. TI Optimal Intra-annual Exploitation of the Maine Lobster Fishery SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article AB I present a model of the Maine lobster fishery that incorporates a monthly demand model and an empirically estimated production function that accounts for seasonal variability in catchability in-season depletion, and congestion effects. I compare optimal exploitation with observed exploitation and evaluate the extent to which profits under a conventional individual transferable quota (ITQ) system would be dissipated by congestion and in-season depletion externalities. The models show that profits could be substantially increased from the status quo through effort reductions and changes in the harvest schedule, but profits under an ITQ system may be reduced by as much as 30% by unresolved externalities. (JEL Q22) C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Holland, DS (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. OI Holland, Daniel/0000-0002-4493-859X NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 87 IS 4 BP 699 EP 711 PG 13 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 836IN UT WOS:000296105200010 ER PT J AU Lew, DK Larson, DM AF Lew, Daniel K. Larson, Douglas M. TI A Repeated Mixed Logit Approach to Valuing a Local Sport Fishery: The Case of Southeast Alaska Salmon SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID RECREATION DEMAND MODELS; RANDOM UTILITY; LEISURE-TIME; SITE CHOICE; COST; PARTICIPATION AB We estimate the values of fishing opportunities and changes in harvest rates for single-day private boat saltwater fishing for king and silver salmon in southeast Alaska, using a repeated mixed logit model of trip frequency and distribution estimated jointly with anglers' shadow values of time. The standard assumption that the shadow value of time is a fixed fraction of the angler's wage is rejected in favor of a more flexible model. The mean value of a fishing choice occasion is approximately $45 per angler, and mean marginal values of a king salmon and a silver salmon are approximately $71 and $106. (JEL Q22, Q51) C1 [Lew, Daniel K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Lew, Daniel K.; Larson, Douglas M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lew, DK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. OI Lew, Daniel/0000-0002-3394-138X NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 14 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 87 IS 4 BP 712 EP 729 PG 18 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 836IN UT WOS:000296105200011 ER PT J AU Kurle, CM Sinclair, EH Edwards, AE Gudmundson, CJ AF Kurle, Carolyn M. Sinclair, Elizabeth H. Edwards, Ann E. Gudmundson, Carolyn J. TI Temporal and spatial variation in the delta N-15 and delta C-13 values of fish and squid from Alaskan waters SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEALS CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; NITROGEN ISOTOPE RATIOS; EASTERN BERING-SEA; LIONS EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; COD GADUS-MACROCEPHALUS; STABLE-ISOTOPE; WALLEYE POLLOCK; FUR SEALS; PACIFIC COD AB To test the hypothesis that stable isotope ratios from marine organisms vary, the delta N-15 and delta C-13 values from fish and squid collected in Alaskan waters were measured across years (1997, 2000, and 2005), seasons, geographic locations, and different size/age classes, and between muscle tissue and whole animals. Temporal, geographic, and ontogenetic differences in stable isotope ratios ranged from 0.5-2.5aEuro degrees (delta N-15) to 0.5-2.0aEuro degrees (delta C-13). Twenty-one comparisons of stable isotope values between whole organisms and muscle tissue revealed only four small differences each for delta N-15 and delta C-13, making costly and space prohibitive collection of whole animals unnecessary. The data from this study indicate that significant variations of stable isotope values from animals in marine systems necessitates collection of prey and predator tissues from the same time and place for best interpretation of stable isotope analysis in foraging ecology studies. C1 [Kurle, Carolyn M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, Ecol Behav & Evolut Sect, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sinclair, Elizabeth H.; Gudmundson, Carolyn J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Edwards, Ann E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kurle, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, Ecol Behav & Evolut Sect, 9500 Gilman Dr,0116, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM ckurle@ucsd.edu RI Bosley, Sharron/E-4641-2012 NR 85 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 158 IS 11 BP 2389 EP 2404 DI 10.1007/s00227-011-1741-4 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 836DG UT WOS:000296088600001 ER PT J AU DeMartini, EE Anderson, TW Friedlander, AM Beets, JP AF DeMartini, Edward E. Anderson, Todd W. Friedlander, Alan M. Beets, James P. TI Predator biomass, prey density, and species composition effects on group size in recruit coral reef fishes SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ISLAND-MARINE-PARK; HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS; DEPENDENT MORTALITY; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; ASSEMBLAGES; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS; SCALE; NORTHWESTERN; CONSPECIFICS AB Group incidence and size are described for recruit parrotfishes, wrasses, and damselfishes on Hawaiian reefs over 3 years (2006-2008) at sites spanning the archipelago (20-28A degrees N, 155-177A degrees W). Coral-poor and coral-rich areas were surveyed at sites with both low (Hawaii Island) and high (Midway Atoll) predator densities, facilitating examination of relations among predator and recruit densities, habitat, and group metrics. Predator and recruit densities varied spatially and temporally, with a sixfold range in total recruit densities among years. Group (a parts per thousand yen2 recruits) metrics varied with time and tracked predator and recruit densities and the proportion of schooling species. Groups often included heterospecifics whose proportion increased with group size. A non-saturating relationship between group size and recruit density suggests that the anti-predator benefits of aggregation exceeded competitive costs. Grouping behavior may have overarching importance for recruit survival-even at high recruit densities-and merits further study on Hawaiian reefs and elsewhere. C1 [DeMartini, Edward E.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Anderson, Todd W.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, Coastal & Marine Inst, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Friedlander, Alan M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Friedlander, Alan M.] US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Beets, James P.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Marine Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP DeMartini, EE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. EM edward.demartini@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries, Office of Habitat Conservation; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX Financial support of EED during 2006-2010 was provided by the NOAA Fisheries, Office of Habitat Conservation, Coral Reef Conservation Program. Funds for TWA in 2007 and 2008 were provided by a National Fish and Wildlife Foundation grant. R. Larson and B. Zgliczynski assisted with field surveys in 2008. We also gratefully acknowledge the logistical support provided by Blue Wilderness Dive Adventures, Waikoloa, Hawaii, and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service at Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge. The NOAA National Ocean Service, Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Office, issued permits to conduct studies at Midway Atoll during 2006-2008. We thank R. Humphreys, D. Kobayashi, and three anonymous reviewers for constructive criticisms that improved drafts of the manuscript. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 158 IS 11 BP 2437 EP 2447 DI 10.1007/s00227-011-1745-0 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 836DG UT WOS:000296088600005 ER PT J AU Santora, JA Reiss, CS AF Santora, Jarrod A. Reiss, Christian S. TI Geospatial variability of krill and top predators within an Antarctic submarine canyon system SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; FUR SEALS; SCOTIA SEA; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; OCEAN; ECOSYSTEM; FISHERIES; PENGUINS AB The spatial distribution patterns of krill, seabirds (penguin, petrel and albatross), fur seals and baleen whales were mapped in nearshore waters (< 50 km from land) to investigate their habitat selection within two adjacent submarine canyons near Livingston Island, Antarctica. Three shipboard surveys were conducted (February 2005-2007), and an echosounder was used to measure the distribution and abundance of krill while simultaneously conducting visual surveys to map seabird and marine mammals. Using a multispecies approach, we test the hypothesis that spatial organization of krill and top predators co-vary according to fine-scale changes in bathymetry in the nearshore marine environment. GAMs are used to examine the effect of sea depth, slope and distance to isobaths on the spatial distribution and abundance of krill and predators. Spatial distribution patterns of krill and predators relate to fine-scale (1-10 km) changes in bathymetry and exhibit cross-shelf gradients in abundance. Krill were concentrated along the shelf-break and abundant within both submarine canyons. Predators exhibited different preferences for locations within the submarine canyon system that relates to their foraging behavior. Penguins concentrated closer to shore and within the head of the east submarine canyon immediately adjacent to a breeding colony. Whales were also concentrated over the head of the east canyon (overlapping with penguins), whereas albatrosses and fur seals were concentrated in the west canyon. Fur seals also showed preference for steep slopes and were concentrated along the shelf-break. Petrels exhibited peaks in abundance throughout both submarine canyons. Owing to their orientation, size and proximity to the coastline, submarine canyons provide important habitat heterogeneity for krill and a variety of predators. This study highlights the multispecies approach for studying spatial ecology of top predators and krill and has implications for marine spatial management of the Scotia Sea. C1 [Santora, Jarrod A.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Reiss, Christian S.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Santora, JA (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jasantora@gmail.com FU NOAA; Office of Polar Programs at the National Science Foundation [OPP-9983751, OPP-0633939] FX We greatly appreciate the effort of Michael P. Force and Douglas J. Futuyma for collecting predator observations, the assistance of Anthony C. Cossio for processing acoustic data and Valerie J. Loeb for measuring krill length-frequency. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments that helped strengthen the paper. Support for this project was provided by NOAA's Antarctic Marine Living Resources program (contracts to JAS) and the Office of Polar Programs at the National Science Foundation (OPP-9983751 to RR Veit and OPP-0633939 to Joseph Warren and David Demer). NR 60 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 158 IS 11 BP 2527 EP 2540 DI 10.1007/s00227-011-1753-0 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 836DG UT WOS:000296088600013 ER PT J AU Jury, MR Rodriguez, E AF Jury, Mark R. Rodriguez, Ernesto TI Caribbean hurricanes: interannual variability and prediction SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; WEST-AFRICAN RAINFALL; STRONG ASSOCIATION; STORM FORMATION; INDIAN-OCEAN; EL-NINO; ATLANTIC; DISTURBANCES AB Climatic conditions that affect the interannual variability of Caribbean hurricanes are studied. Composite meteorological and oceanographic reanalysis fields are constructed for active and inactive seasons since 1979, and differences are calculated for spring and summer periods to provide guidance in statistical analysis. Predictors are extracted for areas exhibiting high contrast between active and inactive seasons, and intercomparisons are made. Zonal winds north of Venezuela exhibit westerly anomalies prior to active years, so coastal upwelling and the north Brazil current are diminished. Rainfall increases in the Orinoco River basin, creating a fresh warm plume north of Trinidad. The predictor time series are regressed onto an index of Caribbean hurricanes, and multivariate algorithms are formulated. It is found that atmospheric kinematic and convective predictors explain only similar to 20% of hurricane variance at 3-5-month lead time. Subsurface ocean predictors offer higher levels of explained hurricane variance (42%) at 3-5-month lead time, using 1-200-m-depth-averaged temperatures in the east Pacific and southern Caribbean. We place the statistical results in a conceptual framework to better understand climatic processes anticipating Caribbean hurricanes. C1 [Jury, Mark R.] Univ Zululand, Kwa Dlangezwa, South Africa. [Jury, Mark R.; Rodriguez, Ernesto] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Rodriguez, Ernesto] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, San Juan, PR USA. RP Jury, MR (reprint author), Univ Zululand, Kwa Dlangezwa, South Africa. EM mark.jury@upr.edu FU NSF Epscor through the Physics Department, University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez FX We thank NSF Epscor for funding this research through the Physics Department, University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez. Juan Gonzalez and Edvier Cabassa assisted the data analysis. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X EI 1434-4483 J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 106 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 115 DI 10.1007/s00704-011-0422-z PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 835DJ UT WOS:000296014300008 ER PT J AU Long, DA Okumura, M Miller, CE Hodges, JT AF Long, D. A. Okumura, M. Miller, C. E. Hodges, J. T. TI Frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy measurements of carbon dioxide isotopic ratios SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID O-2 A-BAND; HIGH-PRECISION; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; LASER; SPECTROMETER; TRANSITIONS; PARAMETERS AB Carbon dioxide (CO2) isotopic ratios on samples of pure CO2 were measured in the 1.6 mu m wavelength region using the frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy (FS-CRDS) technique. We present CO2 absorption spectra with peak signal-to-noise ratios as high as 28,000:1. Measured single-spectrum signal-to-noise ratios were as high as 8900:1, 10,000:1, and 1700:1 for C-13/C-12, O-18/O-16, and O-17/O-16, respectively. In addition, we demonstrate the importance of utilizing the Galatry line profile in the spectrum analysis. The use of the Voigt line profile, which neglects the observed collisional narrowing, leads to large systematic errors which are transition-dependent and vary with temperature and pressure. While the relatively low intensities of CO2 transitions near lambda=1.6 mu m make this spectral region non-optimal, the sensitivity and stability of FS-CRDS enabled measurement precision of pure CO2 samples which are comparable to those of other optical techniques which operate at far more propitious wavelengths. These results indicate that a FS-CRDS spectrometer designed to probe CO2 bands near wavelengths of 2.0 mu m or 4.3 mu m could achieve significantly improved precision over the present instrument and likely be competitive with mass spectrometric methods. C1 [Hodges, J. T.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Long, D. A.; Okumura, M.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Miller, C. E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Hodges, JT (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.hodges@nist.gov RI Okumura, Mitchio/I-3326-2013 OI Okumura, Mitchio/0000-0001-6874-1137 FU National Science Foundation; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowships; NASA [NNG06GD88G, NNX09AE21G]; NIST FX David A. Long was supported by the National Science Foundation and National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowships. Part of the research described in this paper was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Additional support was provided by the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) project, a NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) mission; the NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program grant NNG06GD88G and NNX09AE21G; and the NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 EI 1432-0649 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 105 IS 2 BP 471 EP 477 DI 10.1007/s00340-011-4518-z PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 834DB UT WOS:000295938100039 ER PT J AU Nelson, CW Hati, A Howe, DA AF Nelson, C. W. Hati, A. Howe, D. A. TI Common-Arm Counterpropagating Interferometer for Measurement of Vibration-Induced Noise in Fibers SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Interferometry; optical fibers; phase measurement; phase noise; vibration measurement AB We propose and demonstrate a novel technique to measure the vibration sensitivity of fiber-based optical components. It uses a common-arm counterpropagating frequency-shifted interferometer that reduces the vibration-induced phase noise of the interconnecting fibers feeding the signal to and from the vibrating device under test. The noise introduced by the vibrating fibers can be excessive, and measurements of a given device cannot be made with assurance. The proposed technique improves the vibration-induced phase noise floor by more than 30 dB compared to a conventional frequency-shifted Mach-Zehnder interferometer and allows measurement of low vibration sensitive devices. A phase sensitivity of 1 mrad/g at 192 Terahertz (THz) is achieved with this method. We also present results of vibration sensitivity of an assortment of commonly used fiber-based optical devices. C1 [Nelson, C. W.; Hati, A.; Howe, D. A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Nelson, CW (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM craig.nelson@boulder.nist.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 21 BP 1633 EP 1635 DI 10.1109/LPT.2011.2165839 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 835CU UT WOS:000296012400003 ER PT J AU Granier, C Bessagnet, B Bond, T D'Angiola, A van der Gon, HD Frost, GJ Heil, A Kaiser, JW Kinne, S Klimont, Z Kloster, S Lamarque, JF Liousse, C Masui, T Meleux, F Mieville, A Ohara, T Raut, JC Riahi, K Schultz, MG Smith, SJ Thompson, A van Aardenne, J van der Werf, GR van Vuuren, DP AF Granier, Claire Bessagnet, Bertrand Bond, Tami D'Angiola, Ariela van der Gon, Hugo Denier Frost, Gregory J. Heil, Angelika Kaiser, Johannes W. Kinne, Stefan Klimont, Zbigniew Kloster, Silvia Lamarque, Jean-Francois Liousse, Catherine Masui, Toshihiko Meleux, Frederik Mieville, Aude Ohara, Toshimasa Raut, Jean-Christophe Riahi, Keywan Schultz, Martin G. Smith, Steven J. Thompson, Allison van Aardenne, John van der Werf, Guido R. van Vuuren, Detlef P. TI Evolution of anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of air pollutants at global and regional scales during the 1980-2010 period SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE DATA; NOX EMISSIONS; CO EMISSIONS; FOSSIL-FUEL; INVENTORY; TRENDS; AEROSOLS; MODEL; 20TH-CENTURY; ADJOINT AB Several different inventories of global and regional anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions are assessed for the 1980-2010 period. The species considered in this study are carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and black carbon. The inventories considered include the ACCMIP historical emissions developed in support of the simulations for the IPCC AR5 assessment. Emissions for 2005 and 2010 from the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) are also included. Large discrepancies between the global and regional emissions are identified, which shows that there is still no consensus on the best estimates for surface emissions of atmospheric compounds. At the global scale, anthropogenic emissions of CO, NOx and SO2 show the best agreement for most years, although agreement does not necessarily mean that uncertainty is low. The agreement is low for BC emissions, particularly in the period prior to 2000. The best consensus is for NOx emissions for all periods and all regions, except for China, where emissions in 1980 and 1990 need to be better defined. Emissions of CO need better quantification in the USA and India for all periods; in Central Europe, the evolution of emissions during the past two decades needs to be better determined. The agreement between the different SO2 emissions datasets is rather good for the USA, but better quantification is needed elsewhere, particularly for Central Europe, India and China. The comparisons performed in this study show that the use of RCP8.5 for the extension of the ACCMIP inventory beyond 2000 is reasonable, until more global or regional estimates become available. Concerning biomass burning emissions, most inventories agree within 50-80%, depending on the year and season. The large differences between biomass burning inventories are due to differences in the estimates of burned areas from the different available products, as well as in the amount of biomass burned. C1 [Granier, Claire; D'Angiola, Ariela; Raut, Jean-Christophe] UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR8190, CNRS INSU, LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [Granier, Claire; Frost, Gregory J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Granier, Claire; Frost, Gregory J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Granier, Claire; Kinne, Stefan; Kloster, Silvia] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Bessagnet, Bertrand; Meleux, Frederik] INERIS, Verneuil En Halatte, France. [Bond, Tami] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL USA. [van der Gon, Hugo Denier] TNO Built Environm & Geosci, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Heil, Angelika; Schultz, Martin G.] Forschungszentrum Juelich, Julich, Germany. [Kaiser, Johannes W.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Klimont, Zbigniew; Riahi, Keywan] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Lamarque, Jean-Francois] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Liousse, Catherine; Mieville, Aude] Lab Aerologie, Toulouse, France. [Masui, Toshihiko; Ohara, Toshimasa] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Smith, Steven J.; Thompson, Allison] Pacific NW Natl Lab, College Pk, MD USA. [van Aardenne, John] European Environm Agcy, Copenhagen, Denmark. [van der Werf, Guido R.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [van Vuuren, Detlef P.] Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, Bilthoven, Netherlands. [van Vuuren, Detlef P.] Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Granier, C (reprint author), UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR8190, CNRS INSU, LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. EM claire.granier@latmos.ipsl.fr RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Raut, Jean-Christophe/G-3946-2016; van der Werf, Guido/M-8260-2016; Bessagnet, Bertrand/O-2969-2016; Riahi, Keywan/B-6426-2011; Heil, Angelika/J-7182-2012; Kaiser, Johannes/A-7057-2012; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012; Bond, Tami/A-1317-2013; Granier, Claire/D-5360-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; van Vuuren, Detlef/A-4764-2009; Klimont, Zbigniew/P-7641-2015 OI Raut, Jean-Christophe/0000-0002-3552-2437; van der Werf, Guido/0000-0001-9042-8630; Bessagnet, Bertrand/0000-0003-2062-4681; Riahi, Keywan/0000-0001-7193-3498; Heil, Angelika/0000-0002-8768-5027; Kaiser, Johannes/0000-0003-3696-9123; Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X; Bond, Tami/0000-0001-5968-8928; Granier, Claire/0000-0001-7344-7995; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; van Vuuren, Detlef/0000-0003-0398-2831; Klimont, Zbigniew/0000-0003-2630-198X FU MACC European Union [218793, 212095, 265148]; FP7 ACCENT European Network; National Science Foundation FX The authors greatly acknowledge the support of the MACC European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement no. 218793, as well as the support of the FP7 CityZen project, under Grant Agreement no. 212095 and the FP7 PEGASOS project, under Grant Agreement 265148. We also thank the FP7 ACCENT European Network, which provided funding for meetings to develop the ACCMIP emissions dataset. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in the publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The authors would like to thank Josh Drukenbrod from the US EPA for providing the most recent details on US emissions. NR 65 TC 230 Z9 232 U1 16 U2 122 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD NOV PY 2011 VL 109 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 163 EP 190 DI 10.1007/s10584-011-0154-1 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 852IE UT WOS:000297350200008 ER PT J AU Williams, DF AF Williams, Dylan F. TI 500 GHz-750 GHz Rectangular-Waveguide Vector-Network-Analyzer Calibrations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Calibration; submillimeter wave; uncertainty analysis; vector network analyzer AB We develop an uncertainty analysis that captures the dominant sources of measurement error in state-of-the-art WM-380 (WR 1.5) rectangular-waveguide vector-network-analyzer measurements over the frequency range 500-750 GHz. We use the analysis to assess thru-reflect-line, thru-short-match, and thru-short-radiating-open calibrations. The comparison shows that thru-short-match and thru-short-radiating-open calibrations outperform thru-reflect-line calibrations, and that this is true even when multiple lines and optimal averaging are used to improve the thru-reflect-line calibrations. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Williams, DF (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dylan@boulder.nist.gov FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's Terahertz Electronics Program FX This work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's Terahertz Electronics Program. NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-342X J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 1 IS 2 BP 364 EP 377 DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2011.2127370 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA V28TK UT WOS:000208702900006 ER PT J AU Wang, YQ Stein, AF Draxler, RR de la Rosa, JD Zhang, XY AF Wang, Yaqiang Stein, Ariel F. Draxler, Roland R. de la Rosa, Jesus D. Zhang, Xiaoye TI Global sand and dust storms in 2008: Observation and HYSPLIT model verification SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Sand and dust storm; Observation; HYSPLIT model; Verification ID OPTICAL-THICKNESS; MINERAL DUST; GOCART MODEL; AIR-QUALITY; ASIAN DUST; APRIL 1998; EAST-ASIA; TRANSPORT; AEROSOLS; PM10 AB The HYSPLIT model has been applied to simulate the global dust distribution for 2008 using two different dust emission schemes. The first one assumes that emissions could occur from any land-use grid cell defined in the model as desert. The second emission approach uses an empirically derived algorithm based on satellite observations. To investigate the dust storm features and verify the model performance, a global dataset of Integrated Surface Hourly (ISH) observations has been analyzed to map the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of sand and dust storms. Furthermore, the PM10 concentration data at four stations in Northern China and two stations in Southern Spain, and the AOD data from a station located at the center of the Sahara Desert have been compared with the model results. The spatial distribution of observed dust storm frequency from ISH shows the known high frequency areas located in North Africa, the Middle East, Mongolia and Northwestern China. Some sand and dust storms have also been observed in Australia, Mexico, Argentina, and other sites in South America. Most of the dust events in East Asia occur in the spring, however this seasonal feature is not so evident in other dust source regions. In general, the model reproduces the dust storm frequency for most of the regions for the two emission approaches. Also, a good quantitative performance is achieved at the ground stations in Southern Spain and Western China when using the desert land-use based emissions, although HYSPLIT overestimates the dust concentration at downwind areas of East Asia and underestimates the column in the center of the Saharan Desert. On the other hand, the satellite based emission approach improves the dust forecast performance in the Sahara, but underestimates the dust concentrations in East Asia. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stein, Ariel F.; Draxler, Roland R.] Earth Resources & Technol Inc, NOAA ARL, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Wang, Yaqiang; Zhang, Xiaoye] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Lab Atmospher Chem, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yaqiang; de la Rosa, Jesus D.] Univ Huelva, Associate Unit CSIC, Huelva, Spain. RP Stein, AF (reprint author), Earth Resources & Technol Inc, NOAA ARL, Room 3316,SSMC 3,1315 EW Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM ariel.stein@noaa.gov RI Stein, Ariel/G-1330-2012; ZHANG, Xiao-Ye/C-8707-2012; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014; de la Rosa, Jesus Damian/C-9385-2011 OI ZHANG, Xiao-Ye/0000-0003-1802-3385; Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198; de la Rosa, Jesus Damian/0000-0001-6644-8754 FU Junta de Andalucia Consejeria de Innovacion Ciencia y Empresa [2007-RNM 02729]; Consejeria de Medio Ambiente [NET 762513/1]; Key Project of the National Science & Technology Pillar Program [2008BAC40B01] FX This work was supported by the Junta de Andalucia (project number 2007-RNM 02729) Consejeria de Innovacion Ciencia y Empresa and Consejeria de Medio Ambiente (project number NET 762513/1) and Key Project of the National Science & Technology Pillar Program (Grant No. 2008BAC40B01). We also acknowledge the OMI mission scientists and associated NASA personnel for the production of the data used in this research effort. NR 49 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 45 IS 35 BP 6368 EP 6381 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.08.035 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 830JR UT WOS:000295653800012 ER PT J AU Randa, J Dunsmore, J Gu, DZ Wong, K Walker, DK Pollard, RD AF Randa, James Dunsmore, Joel Gu, Dazhen Wong, Ken Walker, David K. Pollard, Roger D. TI Verification of Noise-Parameter Measurements and Uncertainties SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Amplifier noise; measurement uncertainties; noise parameters; transistor noise; verification methods ID RECEIVER AB We propose and implement verification methods for measurements of the noise parameters of amplifiers and transistors. Because the verification rests on the comparison of different measurement results, it also serves as a test of the uncertainties. The verification process consists of first measuring separately both a passive two-port device and the amplifier or transistor of interest [the device under test (DUT)] and then measuring the tandem configuration of the passive device plus the DUT. The results of the measurements on the tandem configuration are compared to the results predicted based on the noise parameters and scattering parameters of the two individual components. In this paper, we describe the method, discuss the uncertainty analysis, and present measurement results demonstrating the application of the method using a mismatched transmission line as the passive device. We also present simulation results demonstrating the ability of the method to detect measurement errors. C1 [Randa, James; Gu, Dazhen; Walker, David K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Randa, James] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dunsmore, Joel; Wong, Ken; Pollard, Roger D.] Agilent Technol, Santa Rosa, CA 95403 USA. RP Randa, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM randa@boulder.nist.gov; Joel_Dunsmore@agilent.com; Dazhen.Gu@boulder.nist.gov; Ken_Wong@agilent.com; DWalker@boulder.nist.gov; roger_pollard@agilent.com RI Gu, Dazhen/B-4854-2012 FU U.S. government FX Manuscript received August 24, 2010; revised February 16, 2011; accepted March 14, 2011. Date of publication April 25, 2011; date of current version November 9, 2011. This work was supported in part by the U.S. government and is not protected by U.S. copyright. The Associate Editor coordinating the review process for this paper was Dr. Sergey Kharkovsky. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 60 IS 11 BP 3685 EP 3693 DI 10.1109/TIM.2011.2138270 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 831OG UT WOS:000295740400019 ER PT J AU Long, DA Havey, DK Yu, SS Okumura, M Miller, CE Hodges, JT AF Long, D. A. Havey, D. K. Yu, S. S. Okumura, M. Miller, C. E. Hodges, J. T. TI O-2 A-band line parameters to support atmospheric remote sensing. Part II: The rare isotopologues SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Oxygen; A-band; Cavity ring-down spectroscopy; Remote sensing; Isotopologue; Isotope; Galatry profile ID RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; SUBMILLIMETER-WAVE SPECTRUM; MICROWAVE-ABSORPTION LINES; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; TRANSITION-PROBABILITY; HIGH-PRECISION; INTENSITIES; O-18(2); (OO)-O-16-O-18; DATABASE AB Frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy (FS-CRDS) was employed to measure over 100 transitions in the R-branch of the b(1)Sigma(+)(g) <- X-3 Sigma(-)(g)(0,0) band for the rare O-2 isotopologues. The use of O-17- and O-18-enriched mixtures allowed for line positions to be measured for the (OO)-O-16-O-17, (OO)-O-16-O-18, O-17(2), (OO)-O-17-O-18, and O-18(2) isotopologues. Simultaneous fits to the upper and lower states were performed for each isotopologue using the FS-CRDS positions supplemented by microwave, millimeter, submillimeter, terahertz, and Raman ground state positions from the literature. Positions, line intensities, pressure broadening parameters, and collisional narrowing parameters are reported for the (OO)-O-16-O-18 and (OO)-O-16-O-17 isotopologues which are based upon the present study and our earlier FS-CRDS work (Long et al. J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transfer 2010;111:2021 [18] and Robichaud et al. J Phys Chem A 2009;113:13089 [15]). The calculated line intensities include a term for the observed Herman-Wallis-like interaction and correct a frequency-dependent error, which is present in current spectroscopic databases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hodges, J. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Long, D. A.; Okumura, M.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Havey, D. K.] James Madison Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Yu, S. S.; Miller, C. E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hodges, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.hodges@nist.gov RI Okumura, Mitchio/I-3326-2013; Yu, Shanshan/D-8733-2016 OI Okumura, Mitchio/0000-0001-6874-1137; FU National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship; National Science Foundation; National Research Council; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO), a NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) mission; NASA [NNG06GD88G, NNX09AE21G]; NIST FX David A. Long was supported by the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship and the National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship. Daniel K. Havey acknowledges the support of the National Research Council as a postdoctoral fellow at the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD. Part of the research described in this paper was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Additional support was provided by the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) project, a NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) mission; the NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program Grant NNG06GD88G and NNX09AE21G; and the NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program. We would also like to acknowledge Dr. Mona Shahgholi for performing the described mass spectral analysis. NR 53 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 112 IS 16 BP 2527 EP 2541 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2011.07.002 PG 15 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 831XF UT WOS:000295763700001 ER PT J AU Baker, JD Becker, BL Wurth, TA Johanos, TC Littnan, CL Henderson, JR AF Baker, J. D. Becker, B. L. Wurth, T. A. Johanos, T. C. Littnan, C. L. Henderson, J. R. TI Translocation as a tool for conservation of the Hawaiian monk seal SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Translocation; Relocation; Hawaiian monk seal; Survival; Dispersal ID MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI; POPULATIONS; SUCCESS; REHABILITATION; ANIMALS; ISLAND AB The deteriorating demographic status of the endangered Hawaiian monk seal has motivated renewed and expanded proposals for conservation action, including translocation of seals to improve survival. Over the past three decades, numerous monk seal translocations have been conducted with a variety of objectives, including mitigating shark predation and conspecific male aggression, reducing human-seal interactions, and taking advantage of favorable foraging habitats to improve survival. Here, we analyze our cumulative experience with translocation of Hawaiian monk seals. We found a strong correlation between the time seals remained in the vicinity of the release site and their age. Recently weaned pups (with little or no at-sea foraging experience) exhibited high fidelity to release sites commensurate with that shown by untranslocated pups to their birth location. In contrast, juvenile and adult seals tended to stray from their release locations farther and sooner. Nevertheless, when 21 adult male seals were moved more than 1000 km from Laysan Island in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI), to the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI), they subsequently dispersed among the MHI; however, only one was observed to return to the NWHI. Translocated seals appeared to survive at rates comparable to seals native to the release site. Outcomes suggest that in most cases the intended objectives of translocations were achieved. Except for one notable case, translocations within the MHI to arrest human-seal interactions were mostly unsuccessful. These findings will be essential for informing successful large-scale translocation plans in the future. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Baker, J. D.; Becker, B. L.; Johanos, T. C.; Littnan, C. L.; Henderson, J. R.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Wurth, T. A.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Baker, JD (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1601 Kapiolani Blvd,Suite 1110, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM jason.baker@noaa.gov; brenda.becker@noaa.gov; tracy.wurth@noaa.gov; thea.johanos-kam@noaa.gov; charles.littnan@noaa.gov; john.r.henderson@noaa.gov NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 87 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 144 IS 11 BP 2692 EP 2701 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.07.030 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 827QL UT WOS:000295442900018 ER PT J AU Tomas, C Axler-DiPerte, G Budimlija, ZM Borsting, C Coble, MD Decker, AE Eisenberg, A Fang, R Fondevila, M Fredslund, SF Gonzalez, S Hansen, AJ Hoff-Olsen, P Haas, C Kohler, P Kriegel, AK Lindblom, B Manohar, F Maronas, O Mogensen, HS Neureuther, K Nilsson, H Scheible, MK Schneider, PM Sonntag, ML Stangegaard, M Syndercombe-Court, D Thacker, CR Vallone, PM Westen, AA Morling, N AF Tomas, C. Axler-DiPerte, G. Budimlija, Z. M. Borsting, C. Coble, M. D. Decker, A. E. Eisenberg, A. Fang, R. Fondevila, M. Fredslund, S. Frisk Gonzalez, S. Hansen, A. J. Hoff-Olsen, P. Haas, C. Kohler, P. Kriegel, A. K. Lindblom, B. Manohar, F. Maronas, O. Mogensen, H. S. Neureuther, K. Nilsson, H. Scheible, M. K. Schneider, P. M. Sonntag, M. L. Stangegaard, M. Syndercombe-Court, D. Thacker, C. R. Vallone, P. M. Westen, A. A. Morling, N. TI Autosomal SNP typing of forensic samples with the GenPlex (TM) HID System: Results of a collaborative study SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE GenPlex (TM) HID; Autosomal SNPs; Forensic science; Degraded DNA ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; ASSAY AB The GenPlex (TM) HID System (Applied Biosystems - AB) offers typing of 48 of the 52 SNPforID SNPs and amelogenin. Previous studies have shown a high reproducibility of the GenPlex (TM) HID System using 250500 pg DNA of good quality. An international exercise was performed by 14 laboratories (9 in Europe and 5 in the US) in order to test the robustness and reliability of the GenPlex (TM) HID System on forensic samples. Three samples with partly degraded DNA and 10 samples with low amounts of DNA were analyzed in duplicates using various amounts of DNA. In order to compare the performance of the GenPlex (TM) HID System with the most commonly used STR kits, 500 pg of partly degraded DNA from three samples was typed by the laboratories using one or more STR kits. The median SNP typing success rate was 92.3% with 500 pg of partly degraded DNA. Three of the fourteen laboratories counted for more than two thirds of the locus dropouts. The median percentage of discrepant results was 0.2% with 500 pg degraded DNA. An increasing percentage of locus dropouts and discrepant results were observed when lower amounts of DNA were used. Different success rates were observed for the various SNPs. The rs763869 SNP was the least successful. With the exception of the MiniFiler (TM) kit (AB), GenPlex (TM) HID performed better than five other tested STR kits. When partly degraded DNA was analyzed, GenPlex (TM) HID showed a very low mean mach probability, while all STR kits except MiniFiler (TM) had very limited discriminatory power. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tomas, C.; Borsting, C.; Fredslund, S. Frisk; Hansen, A. J.; Mogensen, H. S.; Stangegaard, M.; Morling, N.] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Forens Med, Sect Forens Genet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Axler-DiPerte, G.; Budimlija, Z. M.] New York City Off Chief Med Examiner, Dept Forens Biol, New York, NY USA. [Coble, M. D.; Scheible, M. K.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, Rockville, MD USA. [Decker, A. E.; Vallone, P. M.] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Eisenberg, A.; Gonzalez, S.] Univ N Texas Human Identificat, Univ N Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Investigat Genet, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Fang, R.; Manohar, F.] Appl Biosyst Inc, Life Technol, Foster City, CA 94404 USA. [Fondevila, M.; Maronas, O.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Genom Med Grp, Inst Legal Med, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Hoff-Olsen, P.; Kohler, P.] Univ Oslo, Rikshosp, Inst Forens Med, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Haas, C.] Univ Zurich, Inst Legal Med, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. [Kriegel, A. K.; Schneider, P. M.] Univ Hosp, Inst Legal Med, Cologne, Germany. [Lindblom, B.; Nilsson, H.] Natl Board Forens Med, Dept Forens Genet & Forens Toxicol, Linkoping, Sweden. [Neureuther, K.; Sonntag, M. L.] Fed Criminal Police Off, Wiesbaden, Germany. [Syndercombe-Court, D.; Thacker, C. R.] Barts & London Queen Marys Sch Med & Dent, BICMS Pathol Grp, Acad Haematol Unit, London, England. [Westen, A. A.] Netherlands Forens Inst, Dept Human Biol Traces R&D, The Hague, Netherlands. RP Tomas, C (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Forens Med, Sect Forens Genet, 11 Frederik Vs Vej, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM carmen.tomas@forensic.ku.dk RI Tomas, Carmen/B-7201-2011; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Hansen, Anders/A-5608-2013; Fondevila Alvarez, Manuel/D-4385-2014; Stangegaard, Michael/B-6663-2011 OI Hansen, Anders/0000-0002-1890-2702; FU Ellen and Aage Andersen's Foundation FX thank Nadia Jochumsen, Gabi Foster, Stephan Walker for excellent technical assistance and Mechthild Prinz, Andreas Tillmar, Rebecca Just for help during the laboratory investigations and preparation of the manuscript. The authors thank the American Registry of Pathology for administrative support. The work was supported by Ellen and Aage Andersen's Foundation. The opinions and assertions contained herein are those of the authors and are not to be construed as views of the U.S. Government. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 5 IS 5 BP 369 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2010.06.007 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA 812MN UT WOS:000294297700003 PM 20650697 ER PT J AU Diegoli, TM Coble, MD AF Diegoli, Toni M. Coble, Michael D. TI Development and characterization of two mini-X chromosomal short tandem repeat multiplexes SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE X chromosome; Mini-STRs; Identity testing; Multiplex PCR; Kinship testing; US population ID AMELOGENIN SEX TEST; STR LOCI; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; FORENSIC CASEWORK; POPULATION-DATA; GENDER IDENTIFICATION; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; GERMAN POPULATION; LINKED MARKERS; FREQUENCY DATA AB This study presents the development and characterization of two X chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) multiplexes utilizing reduced-size amplicons (less than 200 base pairs) for identity and kinship testing with degraded DNA. Approximately 1360 samples across 4 U.S. population groups were typed for 15 X chromosomal STR markers: DXS6789, DXS7130, DXS9902, GATA31E08, DXS7424, GATA165B12, DXS101, DXS6795, GATA172D05, DXS10147, DXS8378, DXS7132, DXS6803, HPRTB, and DXS7423. A high degree of polymorphism was observed for each marker and both multiplexes were sensitive down to 200 pg of pristine DNA. The two proposed multiplexes are suitable for forensic use, and show potential for improved analysis of compromised bone samples. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Diegoli, Toni M.; Coble, Michael D.] Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, Res Sect, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Diegoli, TM (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM diegolit@afip.osd.mil NR 62 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 5 IS 5 BP 415 EP 421 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2010.08.019 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA 812MN UT WOS:000294297700011 PM 20943451 ER PT J AU O'Connor, KL Hill, CR Vallone, PM Butler, JM AF O'Connor, Kristen Lewis Hill, Carolyn R. Vallone, Peter M. Butler, John M. TI Linkage disequilibrium analysis of D12S391 and vWA in US population and paternity samples SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Forensic science; Short tandem repeat; DNA; Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; Linkage disequilibrium; Kinship; D12S391; vWA; D5S818; CSF1PO ID LOCI AB Recently, the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes voted to adopt five additional STR loci (D12S391, D1S1656, D2S441, D10S1248, and D22S1045) to their existing European Standard Set of seven STRs (TH01, vWA, FGA, D8S1179, D18S51, D21S11, and D3S1358). The D12S391 and vWA loci are located 6.3 megabases (Mb) apart on chromosome 12. Ideally for use in forensic analyses, genetic markers on the same chromosome should be more than 50 Mb in physical distance in order to ensure full recombination and thus independent inheritance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if the closely located D12S391 and vWA loci are independent and, consequently, if these loci can be included in the product rule calculation for forensic and kinship analyses. Departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium between the D12S391 and vWA loci were tested using n = 654 unrelated U. S. African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic samples, and n = 764 father/son paternity samples. In the unrelated U. S. population samples, no significant departures from HWE were detected for D12S391 or vWA. No significant evidence of linkage disequilibrium was observed between the loci in the population samples. However, significant linkage disequilibrium was detected in U. S. African American, Caucasian, and Asian father/son samples with phased genotypes. No significant linkage disequilibrium was detected for U. S. Hispanic paternity samples. The use of phased father/son pairs allowed for robust detection of linkage disequilibrium between D12S391 and vWA. In unrelated population samples, linkage disequilibrium is present but more difficult to detect due to the large number of possible haplotype combinations and unknown allelic phase. For casework analyses that involve unrelated or related individuals, the single-locus genotype probabilities for D12S391 and vWA should not be multiplied to determine the match probability of an autosomal STR profile. Since the D12S391 and vWA loci are not independent, it is recommended that the observed combination of alleles at D12S391 and vWA should be treated as a non-independent diplotype for profile probability calculations. The observed haplotype frequencies for U. S. African American, Caucasian, Hispanic, and Asian populations are provided for match probability calculations. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Connor, Kristen Lewis; Hill, Carolyn R.; Vallone, Peter M.; Butler, John M.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP O'Connor, KL (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kristen.oconnor@nist.gov FU National Institute of Justice (NIJ) [2008-DN-R-121]; NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards FX This work was funded in part by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) through an interagency agreement 2008-DN-R-121 with the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards. Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Certain commercial equipment, instruments and materials are identified in order to specify experimental procedures as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that any of the materials, instruments or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 9 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 5 IS 5 BP 538 EP 540 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2010.09.003 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA 812MN UT WOS:000294297700028 PM 21067983 ER PT J AU Zhao, YY Xu, X Kramer, T Proctor, F Horst, J AF Zhao, Yaoyao Xu, Xun Kramer, Tom Proctor, Fred Horst, John TI Dimensional metrology interoperability and standardization in manufacturing systems SO COMPUTER STANDARDS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE Dimensional metrology; Interoperability; Standard development; STEP; DMIS ID STEP-NC; INTELLIGENT AB Dimensional metrology is an important part of any manufacturing system. It consists of distinct components and requires a large, diverse, and interconnected knowledge base. How to pass information seamlessly with minimal cost and minimal data loss between different components of a dimensional metrology system is a major issue that concerns software and hardware vendors, standards developers, and customers. This paper focuses on the four main elements of a dimensional metrology system: product definition, measurement process plan definition, measurement process execution, and analysis and reporting of quality data. The activities and software modules that are involved in these elements are discussed. Key issues that cause interoperability problems are identified. These issues are discussed as they relate to the current situation in dimensional metrology standards development. The STEP (ISO 10303) standards are the product of an international effort to achieve interoperability for manufacturing systems. Extending STEP is an appropriate way to solve the interoperability problem within dimensional metrology systems. Further development of STEP standards is proposed so that Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) information already available in STEP can be linked with manufacturing feature information, measurement technology, and measurement results. The proposed STEP data model is an attempt to provide a standard that will support automatic measurement process plan generation for in-process on-machine measurement. Some case studies are under way to test the model. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Yaoyao; Xu, Xun] Univ Auckland, Dept Mech Engn, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Kramer, Tom; Proctor, Fred; Horst, John] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, X (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Dept Mech Engn, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. EM x_xu@auckland.ac.nz RI Xu, Xun/K-7899-2015 OI Xu, Xun/0000-0001-6294-8153 NR 31 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5489 J9 COMPUT STAND INTER JI Comput. Stand. Interfaces PD NOV PY 2011 VL 33 IS 6 BP 541 EP 555 DI 10.1016/j.csi.2011.02.009 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 789QY UT WOS:000292532600003 ER PT J AU Benton, B Krygier, M Heward, J Edwards, M Clark, CW AF Benton, Brandon Krygier, Michael Heward, Jeffrey Edwards, Mark Clark, Charles W. TI Prototyping method for Bragg-type atom interferometers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; OUTPUT COUPLER; OPTICS; PHASE; GAS AB We present a method for rapid modeling of new Bragg ultracold atom-interferometer (AI) designs useful for assessing the performance of such interferometers. The method simulates the overall effect on the condensate wave function in a given AI design using two separate elements. These are (1) modeling the effect of a Bragg pulse on the wave function and (2) approximating the evolution of the wave function during the intervals between the pulses. The actual sequence of these pulses and intervals is then followed to determine the approximate final wave function from which the interference pattern can be calculated. The exact evolution between pulses is assumed to be governed by theGross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation whose solution is approximated using a Lagrangian variational method to facilitate rapid estimation of performance. The method presented here is an extension of an earlier one that was used to analyze the results of an experiment [J. E. Simsarian et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2040 (2000)], where the phase of a Bose-Einstein condensate was measured using a Mach-Zehnder-type Bragg AI. We have developed both 1D and 3D versions of this method and we have determined their validity by comparing their predicted interference patterns with those obtained by numerical integration of the 1D GP equation and with the results of the above experiment. We find excellent agreement between the 1D interference patterns predicted by this method and those found by the GP equation. We show that we can reproduce all of the results of that experiment without recourse to an ad hoc velocity-kick correction needed by the earlier method, including some experimental results that the earlier model did not predict. We also found that this method provides estimates of 1D interference patterns at least four orders-of-magnitude faster than direct numerical solution of the 1D GP equation. C1 [Benton, Brandon; Krygier, Michael; Heward, Jeffrey; Edwards, Mark] Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Insitute, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Benton, B (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Edwards, Mark/0000-0002-3149-2402 FU NSF [PHY-1004975, PHY-0758111]; Physics Frontier Center [PHY-0822671]; NIST FX The authors acknowledge stimulating discussions with E. Hagley. This work was supported by the NSF under Grant Nos. PHY-1004975, PHY-0758111, the Physics Frontier Center Grant PHY-0822671 and by NIST. The authors also acknowledge assistance from Hadayat Seddiqi. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 31 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 4 AR 043648 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.043648 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 838XW UT WOS:000296328600019 ER PT J AU Makela, H Johansson, M Zelan, M Lundh, E AF Makela, H. Johansson, M. Zelan, M. Lundh, E. TI Stability of nonstationary states of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB The stability of nonstationary states of homogeneous spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates is studied by performing Bogoliubov analysis in a frame of reference where the state is stationary. In particular, the effect of an external magnetic field is examined. It is found that a nonzero magnetic field introduces instability in a Na-23 condensate. The wavelengths of this instability can be controlled by tuning the strength of the magnetic field. In a Rb-87 condensate this instability is present already at zero magnetic field. Furthermore, an analytical bound for the size of a stable condensate is found, and a condition for the validity of the single-mode approximation is presented. Realization of the system in a toroidal trap is discussed, and the full time development is simulated. C1 [Makela, H.; Zelan, M.; Lundh, E.] Umea Univ, Dept Phys, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Johansson, M.] Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Biol, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. [Zelan, M.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zelan, M.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Makela, H (reprint author), Umea Univ, Dept Phys, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. RI Johansson, Magnus/G-7097-2011 OI Johansson, Magnus/0000-0001-6708-1560 FU Swedish Research Council FX The authors thank Luis Santos for helpful discussions. M.J. and E.L. acknowledge financial support from the Swedish Research Council. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 31 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 4 AR 043646 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.043646 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 838XW UT WOS:000296328600017 ER PT J AU Leiva, MA Araya, C Mancilla, C Seguel, R Norris, JE AF Leiva, Manuel A. Araya C, Consuelo Mancilla, Carlos Seguel, Rodrigo Norris, James E. TI Uncertainty of ozone measurements with the primary standard reference photometer (SRP45) SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE Primary standard reference photometer; SRP; Air quality; Uncertainty evaluation; GUM ID TRACEABILITY; AIR; GUM; MEGACITIES; METROLOGY; POLLUTION; CHEMISTRY; IMPACT AB A comparison of the ozone primary reference standard photometer serial number 45 (SRP45) against the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) instruments, serial number 0 (SRP0) and 2 (SRP2), has been performed in order to establish the traceability and comparability of ozone measurements made by the Chilean atmospheric science community. A complete uncertainty budget was developed for SRP45, using a GUM approach. The results of the comparisons allow us to conclude that SRP45. SRP0 and SRP2 are comparable according to internationals criteria over an ozone mole fraction range of 0 nmol mol(-1) to at least 500 nmol mol(-1). The official result for the validation of SRP45 is x(ozone)(SRP45) = [0.013 + 0.99806x(ozone)(SRP2)] nmol mol(-1) with an expanded uncertainty of 2 x root(0.27)(2) + (1.18 x 10(-2) x x(ozone))(2) from 0 to 500 nmol mol(-1). (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Leiva, Manuel A.; Araya C, Consuelo] Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Ciencias Ambiental, Santiago, Chile. [Mancilla, Carlos; Seguel, Rodrigo] Fdn CENMA, Santiago, Chile. [Norris, James E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Leiva, MA (reprint author), Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Ciencias Ambiental, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile. EM manleiva@uchile.cl RI Leiva, Manuel/E-7069-2012; OI Leiva, Manuel/0000-0001-8891-0399; Seguel, Rodrigo/0000-0003-4641-5618 FU Chilean Ministry of the Environment (Ministerio del Medio Ambiente, MMA) FX The financial support of the Chilean Ministry of the Environment (Ministerio del Medio Ambiente, MMA), is gratefully acknowledged for the implementation of the SRP Lab in CENMA. This effort was conducted under the MMA-CENMA 2008-2010 agreement. The authors are grateful to Dr. Raul G.E. Morales S. for his helpful discussions and comments. I would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their useful recommendations that improved this manuscript. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD OCT 30 PY 2011 VL 86 BP 71 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.08.006 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 862XB UT WOS:000298126300008 PM 22063513 ER PT J AU Goni, GJ Bringas, F DiNezio, PN AF Goni, Gustavo Jorge Bringas, Francis DiNezio, Pedro Nicolas TI Observed low frequency variability of the Brazil Current front SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; OCEAN CIRCULATION; MALVINAS CURRENT; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; ALTIMETER DATA; WORLD OCEAN; TOPEX/POSEIDON; TEMPERATURE; CONFLUENCE; TRANSPORT AB The Brazil Current is a weak western boundary current, the southwest component of the South Atlantic subtropical gyre, which is the main conduit of upper ocean waters in the region. The objective of this work is to report on observed low frequency variability of the Brazil Current front using satellite-derived sea height anomaly and sea surface temperature observations during the 1993-2008 period. The variability of the front is studied in terms of the separation of the Brazil Current front from the continental shelf break. During the study period, estimates of this parameter vary 6 degrees in latitude, and the mean monthly estimates exhibit a shift to the south of approximately 1.5 degrees. Statistically significant changes are not observed in the geostrophic transport of the Brazil and Malvinas currents, suggesting that the low-frequency changes of the Brazil Current front are governed by different mechanisms than the seasonal variability of these surface currents. Surface drifter trajectories and simulations using synthetic drifters are consistent with the observed shift to the south of the Brazil Current front. Trends of eddy kinetic energy, sea height anomaly, sea surface temperature and wind stress curl are also in agreement with the variability reported here. Wavelet transform analysis revealed interesting changes in the periodicity of the latitude of separation of the Brazil Current front from the continental shelf break, with periods ranging from semiannual to biannual. Longer records, together with comprehensive numerical experiments, will ultimately be needed to determine the origin of these changes. C1 [Goni, Gustavo Jorge; Bringas, Francis; DiNezio, Pedro Nicolas] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bringas, Francis; DiNezio, Pedro Nicolas] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Goni, GJ (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM gustavo.goni@noaa.gov RI Bringas, Francis/C-4442-2013; Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012 OI Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170 FU CNES; National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP); NASA; NOAA Climate Program Office FX The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by AVISO, with support from CNES. Microwave OI SST data are produced by Remote Sensing Systems and sponsored by the National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP), the NASA Earth Science Physical Oceanography Program, and the NASA REASoN DISCOVER Project. Data are available at www.remss.com. One degree resolution SST data are from NOAA Optimal Interpolation SST analyses. NCEP Reanalysis data are provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD from their web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/. Quality controlled drifter data are from the NOAA/AOML Drifter Assembly Center (http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/dac/gdp.html). The authors thank Shenfu Dong for providing constructive comments. This work is supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 29 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C10037 DI 10.1029/2011JC007198 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 838YO UT WOS:000296330600003 ER PT J AU Polito, MJ Trivelpiece, WZ Karnovsky, NJ Ng, E Patterson, WP Emslie, SD AF Polito, Michael J. Trivelpiece, Wayne Z. Karnovsky, Nina J. Ng, Elizabeth Patterson, William P. Emslie, Steven D. TI Integrating Stomach Content and Stable Isotope Analyses to Quantify the Diets of Pygoscelid Penguins SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN ROSS SEA; CHINSTRAP PENGUINS; ADELIE PENGUINS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; SEASONAL-CHANGES; FORAGING-NICHE; SEABIRDS; ANTARCTICA; ECOLOGY; POPULATION AB Stomach content analysis (SCA) and more recently stable isotope analysis (SIA) integrated with isotopic mixing models have become common methods for dietary studies and provide insight into the foraging ecology of seabirds. However, both methods have drawbacks and biases that may result in difficulties in quantifying inter-annual and species-specific differences in diets. We used these two methods to simultaneously quantify the chick-rearing diet of Chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarctica) and Gentoo (P. papua) penguins and highlight methods of integrating SCA data to increase accuracy of diet composition estimates using SIA. SCA biomass estimates were highly variable and underestimated the importance of soft-bodied prey such as fish. Two-source, isotopic mixing model predictions were less variable and identified inter-annual and species-specific differences in the relative amounts of fish and krill in penguin diets not readily apparent using SCA. In contrast, multi-source isotopic mixing models had difficulty estimating the dietary contribution of fish species occupying similar trophic levels without refinement using SCA-derived otolith data. Overall, our ability to track inter-annual and species-specific differences in penguin diets using SIA was enhanced by integrating SCA data to isotopic mixing modes in three ways: 1) selecting appropriate prey sources, 2) weighting combinations of isotopically similar prey in two-source mixing models and 3) refining predicted contributions of isotopically similar prey in multi-source models. C1 [Polito, Michael J.; Emslie, Steven D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. [Trivelpiece, Wayne Z.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. [Karnovsky, Nina J.; Ng, Elizabeth] Pomona Coll, Dept Biol, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Patterson, William P.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, Isotope Lab, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. RP Polito, MJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. EM mjp7454@uncw.edu RI Patterson, William/J-6473-2012; Polito, Michael/G-9118-2012; OI Polito, Michael/0000-0001-8639-4431; Chiaradia, Andre/0000-0002-6178-4211; Patterson, William/0000-0003-3387-708X FU U.S. AMLR; U.S. National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs FX This research was funded by U.S. AMLR Program (http://swfsc.noaa.gov) and U.S. National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs (www.nsf.gov) grants to S. Emslie and W. Trivelpiece. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 50 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 59 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 28 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 10 AR e26642 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0026642 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 876BL UT WOS:000299081800025 PM 22053199 ER PT J AU Mejia, AI Reed, SM AF Mejia, A. I. Reed, S. M. TI Evaluating the effects of parameterized cross section shapes and simplified routing with a coupled distributed hydrologic and hydraulic model SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Distributed model; Routing; Cross section geometry ID FLOOD INUNDATION; CATCHMENT DYNAMICS; UNCERTAINTY; GEOMETRY; INDEX; BASIN AB With spatially distributed hydrologic models the need arises for determining the channel cross section shape for the entire stream network. In the absence of cross section data, assumed or parameterized cross section shapes are often used. The effects of parameterized cross sections are evaluated in this study by developing a modeling framework that externally couples a spatially distributed hydrologic model, HL-RDHM, with a one-dimensional unsteady hydraulic model, HEC-RAS. The evaluation emphasizes the effects of parameterized cross sections on simulated flows by focusing the analysis on the portion of the basin's main stream reach where detailed cross section data and observed streamflows (at both ends of the reach) are available, and by developing and testing three cross section scenarios. The scenarios are designed to increase sequentially, in a stepwise fashion, the complexity of the parameterized cross section, starting with a single roughness parameter and channel power law cross section shape and then including additional power law or roughness parameters. This is done stepwise to help distinguish the effects associated with each parameterization, and decide the required level of cross section detail. The scenario simulations are evaluated using split sampling, changes in measures of performance and hydrograph agreement, hypothesis tests on Nash-Sutcliffe values, and overall predictive uncertainty. The coupling framework is applied to the Blue and Illinois River basins, in Oklahoma, US. Overall, we found that in these basins the coupling tends to improve predictions when dynamic wave routing and floodplain cross section geometry are considered concurrently. For this scenario, we found that on average typical measures of model performance may be improved and, based on a quantitative and qualitative assessment, uncertainty may be reduced. We also found that dynamic wave routing does not tend to perform better than kinematic wave routing for the most basic scenarios with a single power law cross section shape. Further, results indicate that the distributed hydrologic model performance at the main outlet and at the upstream boundary of the hydraulic model, and the relative contribution of lateral inflows, are key factors that need to be considered when deciding the applicability of the coupled framework to other basins. In the future, to effectively use resources, it will be beneficial to automate the coupling and accompany its application with a priori criteria for selecting those basins where benefits are most likely. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mejia, A. I.; Reed, S. M.] W OHD Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, NOAA, NWS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Mejia, AI (reprint author), W OHD Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, NOAA, NWS, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM alfonso.mejia@noaa.gov FU National Research Council FX This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Hydrology Lab of NOAA/NWS. We are thankful to the Editors, S. Orlandini, and an anonymous reviewer for their valuable comments, criticisms, and suggestions. They helped to improve the quality of the original manuscript. The authors also thank M. Smith and V. Koren of the Hydrology Lab for their helpful comments regarding this research. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD OCT 28 PY 2011 VL 409 IS 1-2 BP 512 EP 524 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.08.050 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 842LT UT WOS:000296601600043 ER PT J AU Kotochigova, S Petrov, A Linnik, M Klos, J Julienne, PS AF Kotochigova, Svetlana Petrov, Alexander Linnik, Maria Klos, Jacek Julienne, Paul S. TI Ab initio properties of Li-group-II molecules for ultracold matter studies SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BASIS-SETS; PHOTOASSOCIATION SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC STATES; POLAR-MOLECULES; COLD ATOMS; SCATTERING; VALENCE; BELI AB We perform a systematic investigation of the electronic properties of the (2)Sigma(+) ground state of Li-alkaline-earth dimers. These molecules are proposed as possible candidates for quantum simulation of lattice-spin models. We apply powerful quantum chemistry coupled-cluster method and large basis sets to calculate potential energies and permanent dipole moments for the LiBe, LiMg, LiCa, LiSr, and LiYb molecules. Agreement of calculated molecular constants with existing experimental data is better than or equal to 8%. Our results reveal a surprising irregularity in the dissociation energy and bond length with an increase in the reduced mass of the molecule. At the same time, the permanent dipole moment at the equilibrium separation has the smallest value between 0.01 a.u. and 0.1 a.u. for the heaviest (LiSr and LiYb) molecules and increases to 1.4 a.u. for the lightest (LiBe), where 1 a.u. is one atomic unit of dipole moment. We consider our study of the (2)Sigma(+) molecules a first step towards a comprehensive analysis of their interactions in an optical trap. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3653974] C1 [Kotochigova, Svetlana; Petrov, Alexander; Linnik, Maria] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Petrov, Alexander] St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg 188300, Russia. [Petrov, Alexander] St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Phys, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. [Klos, Jacek] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kotochigova, S (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM skotoch@temple.edu RI Klos, Jacek/A-6457-2008; Petrov, Alexander/I-7865-2013; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Klos, Jacek/0000-0002-7407-303X; Petrov, Alexander/0000-0003-1342-3160; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU AFOSR MURI; NSF [PHY-1005453, CHE-0848110] FX The Temple University team and P.S.J. acknowledge support by an AFOSR MURI grant on ultracold polar molecules. Work at Temple University was also supported by NSF Grant PHY-1005453, and J. K. would like to thank for the financial support through NSF Grant CHE-0848110 to Millard H. Alexander. NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 28 PY 2011 VL 135 IS 16 AR 164108 DI 10.1063/1.3653974 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 841OH UT WOS:000296521200009 PM 22047229 ER PT J AU Gimeno, L Magana, V Enfield, DB AF Gimeno, Luis Magana, Victor Enfield, David B. TI Introduction to special section on The role of the Atlantic warm pool in the climate of the Western Hemisphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article C1 [Gimeno, Luis] Univ Vigo, EPhysLab, E-32004 Orense, Spain. [Enfield, David B.] NOAA, Phys Oceanog Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Magana, Victor] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geog, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Gimeno, L (reprint author), Univ Vigo, EPhysLab, E-32004 Orense, Spain. EM l.gimeno@uvigo.es RI Enfield, David/I-2112-2013 OI Enfield, David/0000-0001-8107-5079 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 28 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D00Q01 DI 10.1029/2011JD016699 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 839AM UT WOS:000296336700009 ER PT J AU Washenfelder, RA Young, CJ Brown, SS Angevine, WM Atlas, EL Blake, DR Bon, DM Cubison, MJ de Gouw, JA Dusanter, S Flynn, J Gilman, JB Graus, M Griffith, S Grossberg, N Hayes, PL Jimenez, JL Kuster, WC Lefer, BL Pollack, IB Ryerson, TB Stark, H Stevens, PS Trainer, MK AF Washenfelder, R. A. Young, C. J. Brown, S. S. Angevine, W. M. Atlas, E. L. Blake, D. R. Bon, D. M. Cubison, M. J. de Gouw, J. A. Dusanter, S. Flynn, J. Gilman, J. B. Graus, M. Griffith, S. Grossberg, N. Hayes, P. L. Jimenez, J. L. Kuster, W. C. Lefer, B. L. Pollack, I. B. Ryerson, T. B. Stark, H. Stevens, P. S. Trainer, M. K. TI The glyoxal budget and its contribution to organic aerosol for Los Angeles, California, during CalNex 2010 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MODEL EVALUATION DATA; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC BUDGET; MASTER CHEMICAL MECHANISM; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTION; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; MCM V3 PART; IN-SITU; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS; PARTICULATE MATTER AB Recent laboratory and field studies have indicated that glyoxal is a potentially large contributor to secondary organic aerosol mass. We present in situ glyoxal measurements acquired with a recently developed, high sensitivity spectroscopic instrument during the CalNex 2010 field campaign in Pasadena, California. We use three methods to quantify the production and loss of glyoxal in Los Angeles and its contribution to organic aerosol. First, we calculate the difference between steady state sources and sinks of glyoxal at the Pasadena site, assuming that the remainder is available for aerosol uptake. Second, we use the Master Chemical Mechanism to construct a two-dimensional model for gas-phase glyoxal chemistry in Los Angeles, assuming that the difference between the modeled and measured glyoxal concentration is available for aerosol uptake. Third, we examine the nighttime loss of glyoxal in the absence of its photochemical sources and sinks. Using these methods we constrain the glyoxal loss to aerosol to be 0-5 x 10(-5) s(-1) during clear days and (1 +/- 0.3) x 10(-5) s(-1) at night. Between 07:00-15:00 local time, the diurnally averaged secondary organic aerosol mass increases from 3.2 mu g m(-3) to a maximum of 8.8 mu g m(-3). The constraints on the glyoxal budget from this analysis indicate that it contributes 0-0.2 mu g m(-3) or 0-4% of the secondary organic aerosol mass. C1 [Washenfelder, R. A.; Young, C. J.; Angevine, W. M.; Bon, D. M.; Cubison, M. J.; de Gouw, J. A.; Gilman, J. B.; Graus, M.; Hayes, P. L.; Jimenez, J. L.; Kuster, W. C.; Pollack, I. B.; Stark, H.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Washenfelder, R. A.; Young, C. J.; Brown, S. S.; Angevine, W. M.; Bon, D. M.; de Gouw, J. A.; Gilman, J. B.; Graus, M.; Kuster, W. C.; Pollack, I. B.; Ryerson, T. B.; Trainer, M. K.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Atlas, E. L.] Univ Miami, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Dusanter, S.; Griffith, S.; Stevens, P. S.] Indiana Univ, Ctr Res Environm Sci, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Cubison, M. J.; Hayes, P. L.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dusanter, S.] Univ Lille Nord France, Lille, France. [Flynn, J.; Grossberg, N.; Lefer, B. L.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Dusanter, S.] EMDouai, Douai, France. [Stark, H.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Washenfelder, RA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rebecca.washenfelder@noaa.gov RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Young, Cora/A-4551-2010; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015 OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Young, Cora/0000-0002-6908-5829; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; FU NOAA [NA08OAR4310565]; NOAA Air Quality; CARB [08-319] FX J.L.J. and J.A.d.G. thank Jochen Stutz and Jason Surratt for co-organizing the CalNex site in Pasadena. We thank the California Air Resources Board for funding the site, and the California Institute of Technology for hosting it. We thank Nicholas Wagner, William Dube, and Steve Ciciora for contributing to the design and construction of the IBBCEAS instrument. We thank Eric Williams and Brian Lerner for O3 and NOx measurements from the RV Atlantis. We thank Jochen Stutz and Andrew Langford for scientific discussions about spectral fitting. We thank Charles Brock for scientific discussions about aerosol properties. We acknowledge financial support for the IBBCEAS field instrument development from the NOAA Assistant Administrator's 2008 Discretionary Fund. We acknowledge financial support for the field measurements from the NOAA Air Quality and NOAA Climate Research and Modeling programs. P. L. H., M.J.C., and J.L.J. were supported by CARB 08-319 and NOAA NA08OAR4310565. NR 92 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 28 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D00V02 DI 10.1029/2011JD016314 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 839AM UT WOS:000296336700007 ER PT J AU Bollasina, MA Ming, Y Ramaswamy, V AF Bollasina, Massimo A. Ming, Yi Ramaswamy, V. TI Anthropogenic Aerosols and the Weakening of the South Asian Summer Monsoon SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; TROPICAL CIRCULATION; CLIMATE; RESPONSES; RAINFALL; TREND; INDIA AB Observations show that South Asia underwent a widespread summertime drying during the second half of the 20th century, but it is unclear whether this trend was due to natural variations or human activities. We used a series of climate model experiments to investigate the South Asian monsoon response to natural and anthropogenic forcings. We find that the observed precipitation decrease can be attributed mainly to human-influenced aerosol emissions. The drying is a robust outcome of a slowdown of the tropical meridional overturning circulation, which compensates for the aerosol-induced energy imbalance between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. These results provide compelling evidence of the prominent role of aerosols in shaping regional climate change over South Asia. C1 [Ming, Yi; Ramaswamy, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Bollasina, Massimo A.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Ming, Y (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM Yi.Ming@noaa.gov RI Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012; Bindoff, Nathaniel/C-8050-2011 OI Bindoff, Nathaniel/0000-0001-5662-9519 NR 29 TC 251 Z9 258 U1 9 U2 102 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 28 PY 2011 VL 334 IS 6055 BP 502 EP 505 DI 10.1126/science.1204994 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 837UR UT WOS:000296230500044 PM 21960529 ER PT J AU Mills, IM Mohr, PJ Quinn, TJ Taylor, BN Williams, ER AF Mills, Ian M. Mohr, Peter J. Quinn, Terry J. Taylor, Barry N. Williams, Edwin R. TI Adapting the International System of Units to the twenty-first century SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE International System of Units; definition of the new SI; fundamental constant; SI reference constant; explicit-constant definition; explicit-unit definition ID REDEFINITION; SI; KILOGRAM; CONSTANTS; MOLE AB We review the proposal of the International Committee for Weights and Measures (Comite International des Poids et Mesures, CIPM), currently being considered by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (Conferences Generales des Poids et Mesures, CGPM), to revise the International System of Units (Le Systeme International d'Unites, SI). The proposal includes new definitions for four of the seven base units of the SI, and a new form of words to present the definitions of all the units. The objective of the proposed changes is to adopt definitions referenced to constants of nature, taken in the widest sense, so that the definitions may be based on what are believed to be true invariants. In particular, whereas in the current SI the kilogram, ampere, kelvin and mole are linked to exact numerical values of the mass of the international prototype of the kilogram, the magnetic constant (permeability of vacuum), the triple-point temperature of water and the molar mass of carbon-12, respectively, in the new SI these units are linked to exact numerical values of the Planck constant, the elementary charge, the Boltzmann constant and the Avogadro constant, respectively. The new wording used expresses the definitions in a simple and unambiguous manner without the need for the distinction between base and derived units. The importance of relations among the fundamental constants to the definitions, and the importance of establishing a mise en pratique for the realization of each definition, are also discussed. C1 [Mills, Ian M.] Univ Reading, Sch Chem, Reading RG6 6AD, Berks, England. [Mohr, Peter J.; Taylor, Barry N.; Williams, Edwin R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mills, IM (reprint author), Univ Reading, Sch Chem, Reading RG6 6AD, Berks, England. EM i.m.mills@reading.ac.uk NR 19 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD OCT 28 PY 2011 VL 369 IS 1953 BP 3907 EP 3924 DI 10.1098/rsta.2011.0180 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 821SJ UT WOS:000294994400002 PM 21930556 ER PT J AU Campbell, GK Phillips, WD AF Campbell, Gretchen K. Phillips, William D. TI Ultracold atoms and precise time standards SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ultracold atoms; atomic clocks; primary frequency standards ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCK; RADIATION-PRESSURE; DOPPLER LIMIT; NOBEL LECTURE; SODIUM ATOMS; FOUNTAIN; CESIUM; SPECTROSCOPY; UNCERTAINTY AB Experimental techniques of laser cooling and trapping, along with other cooling techniques, have produced gaseous samples of atoms so cold that they are, for many practical purposes, in the quantum ground state of their centre-of-mass motion. Such low velocities have virtually eliminated effects such as Doppler shifts, relativistic time dilation and observation-time broadening that previously limited the performance of atomic frequency standards. Today, the best laser-cooled, caesium atomic fountain, microwave frequency standards realize the International System of Units (SI) definition of the second to a relative accuracy of approximate to 3 x 10(-16). Optical frequency standards, which do not realize the SI second, have even better performance: cold neutral atoms trapped in optical lattices now yield relative systematic uncertainties of approximate to 1 x 10(-16), whereas cold-trapped ions have systematic uncertainties of 9 x 10(-18). We will discuss the current limitations in the performance of neutral atom atomic frequency standards and prospects for the future. C1 [Campbell, Gretchen K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Campbell, GK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gretchen.campbell@nist.gov RI Campbell, Gretchen/E-8338-2010; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 OI Campbell, Gretchen/0000-0003-2596-1919; NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD OCT 28 PY 2011 VL 369 IS 1953 BP 4078 EP 4089 DI 10.1098/rsta.2011.0229 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 821SJ UT WOS:000294994400012 PM 21930566 ER PT J AU Hall, JL AF Hall, John L. TI Learning from the time and length redefinitions, and the metre demotion SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE choosing base units; frequency stability; optical atomic clocks; defining the speed of light; redefinition of the kilogram ID FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-FREQUENCY; LASER; LIGHT; WAVELENGTH; PULSES; SPEED; ABSORPTION; GENERATION; STANDARDS AB After discussing several issues in a future redefinition of the kilogram, this paper considers the lessons that one might have learned from the analogous redefinitions of the metre and the second. The progress of length metrology was slow and steady, from seven digits reproducibility with the 1889 X-shaped metre prototype, to nine digits with Kr lamps, to 11 digits with the 1983 redefinition of the metre using the speed of light. With laser cooling, the Cs clock improved to 15, now 16, digits (and so also astronomical distance measurements could improve). Laser-cooled ions, and now atoms captured and cooled in an optical lattice, enable accuracy capability of three different optical frequency references to exceed 17 digits, i.e. better than time itself. The optical comb and related techniques vastly simplify frequency comparisons. Such progress stimulates a new satellite experiment, the STAR Mission (Space-Time Asymmetry Research). The goal is to test at the 1E-18 level frequency shifts owing to spatial anisotropy, position, gravitational potential and boost. The onboard optical clock will use stabilization to a molecular transition in I(2) or HCCH or CO(2). The length etalons will be multiply redundant, with stability at the thermo-mechanical mirror motion limit. For a ULE glass etalon spacer (1987), I measure length creep approximately -1.5E-12/d, i.e. below 1E-14 over the 500 s satellite spin period. C1 [Hall, John L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hall, John L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hall, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jhall@jila.colorado.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX When I was employed, it was by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and it was their support over those 44 years that made the JILA work possible. Our early laser metrology work was stimulated by JILA colleagues Peter L. Bender and James E. Faller. Of course, sometimes we would have additional support for graduate students, post-doctorates and scientific visitors via contract through the University of Colorado part of JILA. We thank the NSF, NASA, AFOSR and ONR for their help. These graduate students could do amazing things, and a number of them listened to my description of a possibly efficient research highway, then turned quietly right when I left the room and went on to do something seriously clever. Thanks to them! Especially I thank Jun Ye, whose JILA group is just speeding down the highway towards optical frequency clocks, and their applications in physics. The most essential support was by my family, especially my wife, Lindy, who put up with (most of) my research excesses over these many years. I am totally indebted to her for this friendship and support. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD OCT 28 PY 2011 VL 369 IS 1953 BP 4090 EP 4108 DI 10.1098/rsta.2011.0239 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 821SJ UT WOS:000294994400013 PM 21930567 ER PT J AU Allison, TK Cingoz, A Yost, DC Ye, J AF Allison, T. K. Cingoez, A. Yost, D. C. Ye, J. TI Extreme Nonlinear Optics in a Femtosecond Enhancement Cavity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIBER FREQUENCY COMB; IONIZATION; SUPPRESSION; PULSES AB Intrinsic to the process of high-order harmonic generation is the creation of plasma and the resulting spatiotemporal distortions of the driving laser pulse. Inside a high-finesse cavity where the driver pulse and gas medium are reused, this can lead to optical bistability of the cavity-plasma system, accumulated self-phase modulation of the intracavity pulse, and coupling to higher-order cavity modes. We present an experimental and theoretical study of these effects and discuss their implications for power scaling of intracavity high-order harmonic generation and extreme ultraviolet frequency combs. C1 [Allison, T. K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Allison, TK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 FU DARPA; AFOSR; NIST; NSF; National Research Council FX This research is funded by DARPA, AFOSR, NIST, and NSF. T. K. A. and A. C. received support from the National Research Council fellowship program. We thank A. Ruehl, M. Fermann, and I. Hartl for developing the high power Yb+ fiber laser. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 27 PY 2011 VL 107 IS 18 AR 183903 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.183903 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 847WV UT WOS:000297004200013 PM 22107632 ER PT J AU Stock, C Sokolov, DA Bourges, P Tobash, PH Gofryk, K Ronning, F Bauer, ED Rule, KC Huxley, AD AF Stock, C. Sokolov, D. A. Bourges, P. Tobash, P. H. Gofryk, K. Ronning, F. Bauer, E. D. Rule, K. C. Huxley, A. D. TI Anisotropic Critical Magnetic Fluctuations in the Ferromagnetic Superconductor UCoGe SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID URHGE; COEXISTENCE; STATE; UGE2 AB We report neutron scattering measurements of critical magnetic excitations in the weakly ferromagnetic superconductor UCoGe. The strong non-Landau damping of the excitations we observe, although unusual, has been found in another related ferromagnet, UGe2 at zero pressure. However, we also find that there is a significant anisotropy of the magnetic correlation length in UCoGe that contrasts with an almost isotropic length for UGe2. The values of the magnetic correlation length and damping are found to be compatible with superconductivity on small Fermi-surface pockets. The anisotropy may be important to explain why UCoGe is a superconductor at zero pressure while UGe2 is not. C1 [Stock, C.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stock, C.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47404 USA. [Sokolov, D. A.; Huxley, A. D.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Sokolov, D. A.; Huxley, A. D.] Univ Edinburgh, CSEC, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Bourges, P.] CEA, Lab Leon Brillouin, CNRS, UMR12, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Tobash, P. H.; Gofryk, K.; Ronning, F.; Bauer, E. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Rule, K. C.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. RP Stock, C (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Gofryk, Krzysztof/F-8755-2014; Sokolov, D/G-7755-2011; OI Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937; Gofryk, Krzysztof/0000-0002-8681-6857; Ronning, Filip/0000-0002-2679-7957 FU Royal Society; EPSRC; SUPA; U.S. DOE, OBES, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; LANL; NSF [DMR-0944772] FX Support from the Royal Society (A. H.), EPSRC (A. H., D. S.), and SUPA (C. S.) is gratefully acknowledged. Work at Los Alamos National Laboratory was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE, OBES, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, and funded in part by the LANL LDRD program. Work on MACS was partly supported by the NSF under agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 27 PY 2011 VL 107 IS 18 AR 187202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.187202 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 847WV UT WOS:000297004200023 PM 22107668 ER PT J AU Smith, DM Dwyer, JR Hazelton, BJ Grefenstette, BW Martinez-McKinney, GFM Zhang, ZY Lowell, AW Kelley, NA Splitt, ME Lazarus, SM Ulrich, W Schaal, M Saleh, ZH Cramer, E Rassoul, H Cummer, SA Lu, G Shao, XM Ho, C Hamlin, T Blakeslee, RJ Heckman, S AF Smith, D. M. Dwyer, J. R. Hazelton, B. J. Grefenstette, B. W. Martinez-McKinney, G. F. M. Zhang, Z. Y. Lowell, A. W. Kelley, N. A. Splitt, M. E. Lazarus, S. M. Ulrich, W. Schaal, M. Saleh, Z. H. Cramer, E. Rassoul, H. Cummer, S. A. Lu, G. Shao, X. -M. Ho, C. Hamlin, T. Blakeslee, R. J. Heckman, S. TI A terrestrial gamma ray flash observed from an aircraft SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID X-RAYS; THUNDERSTORM AB On 21 August 2009, the Airborne Detector for Energetic Lightning Emissions (ADELE), an array of six gamma-ray detectors, detected a brief burst of gamma rays while flying aboard a Gulfstream V jet near two active thunderstorm cells. The duration and spectral characteristics of the event are consistent with the terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) seen by instruments in low Earth orbit. A long-duration, complex +IC flash was taking place in the nearer cell at the same time, at a distance of similar to 10 km from the plane. The sferics that are probably associated with this flash extended over 54 ms and included several ULF pulses corresponding to charge moment changes of up to 30 C km, this value being in the lower half of the range of sferics associated with TGFs seen from space. Monte Carlo simulations of gamma ray propagation in the Earth's atmosphere show that a TGF of normal intensity would, at this distance, have produced a gamma ray signal in ADELE of approximately the size and spectrum that was actually observed. We conclude that this was the first detection of a TGF from an aircraft. We show that because of the distance, ADELE's directional and spectral capabilities could not strongly constrain the source altitude of the TGF but that such constraints would be possible for TGFs detected at closer range. C1 [Smith, D. M.; Martinez-McKinney, G. F. M.; Zhang, Z. Y.; Kelley, N. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Smith, D. M.; Lowell, A. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dwyer, J. R.; Schaal, M.; Cramer, E.; Rassoul, H.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Hazelton, B. J.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Grefenstette, B. W.] CALTECH, Space Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Splitt, M. E.; Lazarus, S. M.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Marine & Environm Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Ulrich, W.] Natl Weather Serv, Key West, FL USA. [Saleh, Z. H.] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Cummer, S. A.; Lu, G.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC USA. [Shao, X. -M.; Ho, C.; Hamlin, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Blakeslee, R. J.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Heckman, S.] AWS Convergence Technol Inc, Germantown, MD USA. RP Smith, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Lu, Gaopeng/D-9011-2012; Cummer, Steven/A-6118-2008; OI Cummer, Steven/0000-0002-0002-0613; Splitt, Michael/0000-0002-7690-5100; Rassoul, Hamid Kyan Sam/0000-0003-0681-7276; Lazarus, Steven/0000-0002-5918-1059 FU NSF [ATM-0619941, ATM-0846609] FX We thank Allen Schanot, the managing scientist of our field campaign from NCAR/EOL; the other NCAR scientists who filled this role earlier or helped us with GV data, Pavel Romashkin, Jorgen Jensen, and Jeff Stith; and the EOL pilots, engineers, and technicians who provided exemplary support. ADELE's construction was funded by NSF major research instrumentation grant ATM-0619941. Our simulation work was supported by NSF grant ATM-0846609. This work includes publicly available data from the KJAX NEXRAD radar of the National Weather Service. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 27 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D20124 DI 10.1029/2011JD016252 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 839AK UT WOS:000296336500004 ER PT J AU Yando, K Millan, RM Green, JC Evans, DS AF Yando, Karl Millan, Robyn M. Green, Janet C. Evans, David S. TI A Monte Carlo simulation of the NOAA POES Medium Energy Proton and Electron Detector instrument SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BELT; STORM; MODEL AB The low-altitude, polar-orbiting NOAA POES satellites are known to exhibit a spurious response to relativistic electrons in the proton telescope instrument of the Medium Energy Proton and Electron Detector (MEPED). This sensitivity has recently been used to identify relativistic electron precipitation from the radiation belts, but has heretofore remained unquantified. Monte Carlo simulations of the proton and electron telescopes were performed using the Geant4 code, and we derive the characteristic response of each instrument to isotropic proton and electron fluxes in the energy range 10 keV to 10 MeV. Geometric factors were found to agree with the nominal G similar to 0.01 cm(2)sr response for target species (e. g. proton response of the proton telescope), while both telescope types also admit particles of the opposite species. The electron telescope is shown to respond to protons of energies 210-2600 keV with G similar to 0.01 cm(2)sr. The proton telescope is similarly shown to exhibit a non-negligible response to electrons, which although confined to the P1, P2, P3, and P6 energy channels, does attain an admittance of G similar to 10(-3) cm(2)sr near 460 keV and G similar to 10(-2) cm(2)sr near 1400 keV. These results confirm that the proton telescope can be used as an effective tool for detection of relativistic electron precipitation. Moreover, we suggest a method for combining the electron and proton telescope data to obtain corrected fluxes for both species which will facilitate the use of this instrument for quantitative studies of particle precipitation. C1 [Yando, Karl; Millan, Robyn M.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Green, Janet C.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Yando, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kyando@ssl.berkeley.edu FU NSF [ATM-0457561] FX This work was supported by NSF ATM-0457561. Engineering documents provided by Janet C. Green and David S. Evans of the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center, on behalf of Panametrics Inc. (now Assurance Technology Corporation). Additional thanks to Richard S. Selesnick and Frederick A. Hanser. NR 29 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 27 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A10231 DI 10.1029/2011JA016671 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 839HH UT WOS:000296355600001 ER PT J AU Fox, DM Harris, RH Bellayer, S Gilman, JW Gelfer, MY Hsaio, BS Maupin, PH Trulove, PC De Long, HC AF Fox, Douglas M. Harris, Richard H., Jr. Bellayer, Severine Gilman, Jeffrey W. Gelfer, Mikhail Y. Hsaio, Benjamin S. Maupin, Paul H. Trulove, Paul C. De Long, Hugh C. TI The pillaring effect of the 1,2-dimethyl-3(benzyl ethyl iso-butyl POSS) imidazolium cation in polymer/montmorillonite nanocomposites SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE POSS; Montmorillonite; Nanocomposites ID POLYHEDRAL OLIGOMERIC SILSESQUIOXANE; POLYMER/LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; LAYERED-SILICATE; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; POLY(NORBORNYL-POSS) COPOLYMERS; MODIFIED MONTMORILLONITE; TREATED MONTMORILLONITE; PS NANOCOMPOSITES; FIRE RETARDANTS AB A polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (ROSS) tethered imidazolium surfactant was used to exchange montmorillonite for the preparation of polymer nanocomposites in polystyrene, poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate), and polyamide-6 using a melt blending technique. Simultaneous temperature resolved small angle X-ray scattering and wide angle X-ray diffraction was used to monitor the surfactant stability and phase behavior of the polyamide-6 nanocomposites. Good thermal stability of the surfactant was in agreement with thermogravimetric analysis. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a mixed inter-calated/exfoliated structure, with the presence of small tactoids exhibiting gallery spacings greater than 3.8 nm in all three polymers. Fluorescently tagged organically exchanged montomorillonite was used to assess the quality of nanoparticle dispersion. Exchanging the montmorillonite with lower loadings of the POSS surfactant slightly increased the size of clay tactoids, but did not significantly alter the gallery spacing or overall dispersion. The results suggest that the bulky and rigid structure of POSS, as well as its tendency to aggregate into ordered crystals, form a bilayer structure in the clay galleries and prevent montmorillonite from completely exfoliating, even in polyamide-6. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fox, Douglas M.] American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Fox, Douglas M.; Harris, Richard H., Jr.; Bellayer, Severine; Maupin, Paul H.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gelfer, Mikhail Y.; Hsaio, Benjamin S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Gelfer, Mikhail Y.; Hsaio, Benjamin S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Maupin, Paul H.] US DOE, Off Basic Energy Sci, Off Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Trulove, Paul C.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [De Long, Hugh C.] AF Off Sci Res, Math Informat & Life Sci Directorate, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Div Polymers, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fox, DM (reprint author), American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM dfox@american.edu; jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov FU U.S. Naval Academy; National Research Council; National Institute of Standards and Technology; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F1ATA00236G002, F1ATA000496G002, FA9550-10-1-0323] FX The authors wish to thank the U.S. Naval Academy, the National Research Council, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research for funding and facilities while conducting this research. This material is based in part upon work supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Award No. F1ATA00236G002, Award No. F1ATA000496G002, and Award No. FA9550-10-1-0323. NR 64 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD OCT 27 PY 2011 VL 52 IS 23 BP 5335 EP 5343 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.09.016 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 838QK UT WOS:000296307100014 ER PT J AU Fairall, CW Yang, MX Bariteau, L Edson, JB Helmig, D McGillis, W Pezoa, S Hare, JE Huebert, B Blomquist, B AF Fairall, C. W. Yang, Mingxi Bariteau, Ludovic Edson, J. B. Helmig, D. McGillis, W. Pezoa, S. Hare, J. E. Huebert, B. Blomquist, B. TI Implementation of the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment flux algorithm with CO2, dimethyl sulfide, and O-3 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE ROUGHNESS; GAS TRANSFER; TRANSFER VELOCITY; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; OZONE DEPOSITION; TURBULENT FLUXES; EDDY-CORRELATION; BREAKING WAVES; WIND STRESS; COOL-SKIN AB Updates for the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) physically based meteorological and gas transfer bulk flux algorithms are examined. The current versions are summarized and a generalization of the gas transfer codes to 79 gases is described. The current meteorological version COARE3.0 was compared with a collection of 26,700 covariance observations of drag and heat transfer coefficients (compiled from three independent research groups). The algorithm agreed on average to within 5% with observations for a wind speed range of 2 to 18 m s(-1). Covariance observations of CO2 and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) gas transfer velocity k were normalized to Schmidt number 660 and compared to an ensemble of gas flux observations from six research groups and nine field programs. A reasonable fit of the mean k(660) versus U-10n values was obtained for both CO2 and DMS with a new version of the COARE gas transfer algorithm (designated COAREG3.1) using friction velocity associated with viscous (tangential) stress, u(*v), in the nonbubble term. In the wind speed range 5 to 16 m s(-1), tracer-derived estimates of k(660) are 10% to 20% lower than the CO2 covariance estimates presented here. C1 [Fairall, C. W.; Pezoa, S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yang, Mingxi; Huebert, B.; Blomquist, B.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bariteau, Ludovic; Hare, J. E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Edson, J. B.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Helmig, D.] Univ Colorado, Inst Alpine & Arctic Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McGillis, W.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Fairall, CW (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chris.fairall@noaa.gov OI Yang, Mingxi/0000-0002-8321-5984 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA07OAR4310084, GC07-186]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0241611, ATM-0526341, OCE-0647475, OCE-0424536] FX We thank the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for the primary support of this work through grant NA07OAR4310084 and the National Science Foundation for additional support through grants ATM-0241611, ATM-0526341, OCE-0647475, and OCE-0424536. We also acknowledge support from NOAA CPO project GC07-186 and NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere program. We gratefully acknowledge Will Drennan and Eric Saltzmann for supplying data and Mark Rowe for producing Figure 1. NR 58 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 27 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C00F09 DI 10.1029/2010JC006884 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 838YH UT WOS:000296329800001 ER PT J AU Manney, GL Santee, ML Rex, M Livesey, NJ Pitts, MC Veefkind, P Nash, ER Wohltmann, I Lehmann, R Froidevaux, L Poole, LR Schoeberl, MR Haffner, DP Davies, J Dorokhov, V Gernandt, H Johnson, B Kivi, R Kyro, E Larsen, N Levelt, PF Makshtas, A McElroy, CT Nakajima, H Parrondo, MC Tarasick, DW von der Gathen, P Walker, KA Zinoviev, NS AF Manney, Gloria L. Santee, Michelle L. Rex, Markus Livesey, Nathaniel J. Pitts, Michael C. Veefkind, Pepijn Nash, Eric R. Wohltmann, Ingo Lehmann, Ralph Froidevaux, Lucien Poole, Lamont R. Schoeberl, Mark R. Haffner, David P. Davies, Jonathan Dorokhov, Valery Gernandt, Hartwig Johnson, Bryan Kivi, Rigel Kyro, Esko Larsen, Niels Levelt, Pieternel F. Makshtas, Alexander McElroy, C. Thomas Nakajima, Hideaki Concepcion Parrondo, Maria Tarasick, David W. von der Gathen, Peter Walker, Kaley A. Zinoviev, Nikita S. TI Unprecedented Arctic ozone loss in 2011 SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC POLAR VORTEX; MICROWAVE LIMB SOUNDER; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; CHEMICAL DEPLETION; CLOUD OBSERVATIONS; WINTER 1999/2000; TRANSPORT; MLS; CLIMATOLOGY; ANTARCTICA AB Chemical ozone destruction occurs over both polar regions in local winter-spring. In the Antarctic, essentially complete removal of lower-stratospheric ozone currently results in an ozone hole every year, whereas in the Arctic, ozone loss is highly variable and has until now been much more limited. Here we demonstrate that chemical ozone destruction over the Arctic in early 2011 was-for the first time in the observational record-comparable to that in the Antarctic ozone hole. Unusually long-lasting cold conditions in the Arctic lower stratosphere led to persistent enhancement in ozone-destroying forms of chlorine and to unprecedented ozone loss, which exceeded 80 per cent over 18-20 kilometres altitude. Our results show that Arctic ozone holes are possible even with temperatures much milder than those in the Antarctic. We cannot at present predict when such severe Arctic ozone depletion may be matched or exceeded. C1 [Manney, Gloria L.; Santee, Michelle L.; Livesey, Nathaniel J.; Froidevaux, Lucien] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Manney, Gloria L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Rex, Markus; Wohltmann, Ingo; Lehmann, Ralph; Gernandt, Hartwig; von der Gathen, Peter] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Pitts, Michael C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Veefkind, Pepijn; Levelt, Pieternel F.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Veefkind, Pepijn; Levelt, Pieternel F.] Delft Univ Technol, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. [Nash, Eric R.; Haffner, David P.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Poole, Lamont R.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Schoeberl, Mark R.] Sci & Technol Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Davies, Jonathan; McElroy, C. Thomas; Tarasick, David W.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Dorokhov, Valery] Cent Aerol Observ, Dolgoprudnyi 141700, Russia. [Johnson, Bryan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kivi, Rigel; Kyro, Esko] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Arctic Res Ctr, Sodankyla 99600, Finland. [Larsen, Niels] Danish Meteorol Inst, Danish Climate Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Levelt, Pieternel F.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Makshtas, Alexander; Zinoviev, Nikita S.] Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199397, Russia. [Nakajima, Hideaki] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Concepcion Parrondo, Maria] Natl Inst Aerosp Technol, Torrejon De Ardoz 28850, Spain. [Walker, Kaley A.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RP Manney, GL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Gloria.L.Manney@jpl.nasa.gov; Michelle.L.Santee@jpl.nasa.gov RI von der Gathen, Peter/B-8515-2009; Wohltmann, Ingo/C-1301-2010; Rex, Markus/A-6054-2009; Larsen, Niels/G-3145-2014; OI von der Gathen, Peter/0000-0001-7409-1556; Wohltmann, Ingo/0000-0003-4606-6788; Rex, Markus/0000-0001-7847-8221; Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692 FU OMI; CALIPSO; Match science teams; Aura project; Environment Canada; Canadian Space Agency; Academy of Finland; EC DG Research; NASA FX We thank the MLS (especially A. Lambert, D. Miller, W. Read, M. Schwartz, P. Stek, J. Waters), OMI (especially P. K. Bhartia, G. Jaross, G. Labow), CALIPSO and Match science teams, as well as A. Douglass, J. Joiner and the Aura project, for their support. We also thank W. Daffer and R. Fuller for programming assistance at JPL; the many observers whose work went into obtaining the ozone-sonde measurements; the ozone scientists who participated in the discussion of the 2011 Arctic ozone loss and appropriate definition of an Arctic ozone hole (including, but not limited to, N. Harris, G. Bodeker, G. Braathen, M. Kurylo, R. Salawitch); and especially P. Newman and K. Minschwaner for discussions and comments. Meteorological analyses were provided by NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) and by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. We thank S. Pawson of GMAO for advice on usage of the MERRA reanalysis. Ozone-sonde measurements at Alert, Eureka, Resolute Bay, Churchill and Goose Bay were funded by Environment Canada. Additional ozone sondes were flown at Eureka as part of the Canadian Arctic Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) Validation Campaign and were funded by the Canadian Space Agency. Academy of Finland provided partial funding for performing and processing ozone-sonde measurements in Jokioinen and Sodankyla. Ozone soundings and work at AWI were partially funded by the EC DG Research through the RECONCILE project. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and at Science Systems and Applications Inc., was done under contract with NASA. NR 59 TC 238 Z9 255 U1 12 U2 138 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 27 PY 2011 VL 478 IS 7370 BP 469 EP U65 DI 10.1038/nature10556 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 837JI UT WOS:000296194200034 PM 21964337 ER PT J AU Hu, AZ Mathey, L Tiesinga, E Danshita, I Williams, CJ Clark, CW AF Hu, Anzi Mathey, L. Tiesinga, Eite Danshita, Ippei Williams, Carl J. Clark, Charles W. TI Detecting paired and counterflow superfluidity via dipole oscillations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSONS AB We suggest an experimentally feasible procedure to observe counterflow and paired superfluidity in ultracold atom systems. We study the time evolution of one-dimensional mixtures of bosonic atoms in an optical lattice following an abrupt displacement of an additional weak confining potential. We find that the dynamic responses of the paired superfluid phase for attractive interspecies interactions and the counterflow superfluid phase for repulsive interactions are qualitatively distinct and reflect the quasi-long-range order that characterizes these phases. These findings suggest a clear experimental procedure for their detection, and give an intuitive insight into their dynamics. C1 [Hu, Anzi; Mathey, L.; Tiesinga, Eite; Williams, Carl J.; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hu, Anzi; Mathey, L.; Tiesinga, Eite; Williams, Carl J.; Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mathey, L.] Univ Hamburg, Zent Opt Quantentechnol, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. [Mathey, L.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Laserphys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. [Danshita, Ippei] RIKEN, Computat Condensed Matter Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. RP Hu, AZ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Mathey, Ludwig/A-9644-2009; Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; FU US Army Research Office under the Atomtronics MURI; JSPS [22840051] FX We acknowledge helpful discussions with Trey Porto, Steven Olmschenk, Dominik Schneble, and Yoshiro Takahashi. This work was supported by the US Army Research Office under the Atomtronics MURI Program. I. D. is supported by KAKENHI (22840051) from JSPS. The computational work reported here was partially done on the RIKEN Cluster of Clusters facility. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 27 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 4 AR 041609 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.041609 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 838JI UT WOS:000296284200001 ER PT J AU Knuffman, B Steele, AV Orloff, J McClelland, JJ AF Knuffman, B. Steele, A. V. Orloff, J. McClelland, J. J. TI Nanoscale focused ion beam from laser-cooled lithium atoms SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PROBE; MICROSCOPE AB We demonstrate a new type of nanoscale focused ion beam (FIB) based on photoionizing laser-cooled atoms held at millikelvin temperatures in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). This new source expands the range of available ionic species and accessible ion beam energies for FIBs, enhancing their role as one of the most important tools for nanoscale characterization and fabrication. We show examples of microscopy with lithium ions obtained by scanning the FIB and collecting the resulting secondary electrons, and characterize the beam focus by a 25-75% rise distance measurement of (26.7 +/- 1.0) nm at a beam energy of 2 keV. We also examine the dependence of the focal size on MOT temperature and beam energy. C1 [Knuffman, B.; Steele, A. V.; McClelland, J. J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Orloff, J.] FEI Co, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. RP McClelland, JJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jabez.mcclelland@nist.gov RI McClelland, Jabez/A-2358-2015 OI McClelland, Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965 NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD OCT 26 PY 2011 VL 13 AR 103035 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/13/10/103035 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 843HT UT WOS:000296663600001 ER PT J AU Song, XY Sun, ZH Huang, QZ Rettenmayr, M Liu, XM Seyring, M Li, GN Rao, GH Yin, FX AF Song, Xiaoyan Sun, Zhonghua Huang, Qingzhen Rettenmayr, Markus Liu, Xuemei Seyring, Martin Li, Guannan Rao, Guanghui Yin, Fuxing TI Adjustable Zero Thermal Expansion in Antiperovskite Manganese Nitride SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PEROVSKITE; BULK AB A universal mechanism that controls the zero thermal expansion (ZTE) behavior of the antiperovskite manganese nitrides is discovered. Modulating the Mn occupancy at its lattice sites leads to a drastic change in the thermal expansion behavior. The Mn site occupancy can be reduced by nanostructuring the material, generating a form of "giant" ZTE. C1 [Song, Xiaoyan; Sun, Zhonghua; Liu, Xuemei] Beijing Univ Technol, Educ Minist China, Key Lab Adv Funct Mat, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China. [Huang, Qingzhen; Li, Guannan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rettenmayr, Markus; Seyring, Martin] Univ Jena, Inst Mat Sci & Technol Metall Mat, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Li, Guannan; Rao, Guanghui] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Yin, Fuxing] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Innovat Mat Engn Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. RP Song, XY (reprint author), Beijing Univ Technol, Educ Minist China, Key Lab Adv Funct Mat, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China. EM xysong@bjut.edu.cn OI sun, zhonghua/0000-0002-9415-2130 FU Chinese National Programs for Fundamental Research and Development [2011CB612207]; Beijing Natural Science Foundation [2112006]; German Research Foundation [SPP 1473-SO 1075/1-1] FX This work was supported by the Chinese National Programs for Fundamental Research and Development (2011CB612207), the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (2112006), and the German Research Foundation (SPP 1473-SO 1075/1-1). NR 22 TC 85 Z9 90 U1 17 U2 119 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD OCT 25 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 40 BP 4690 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.201102552 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 847XR UT WOS:000297009000015 PM 21913237 ER PT J AU Chan, EP Walish, JJ Thomas, EL Stafford, CM AF Chan, Edwin P. Walish, Joseph J. Thomas, Edwin L. Stafford, Christopher M. TI Block Copolymer Photonic Gel for Mechanochromic Sensing SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGELS; NETWORKS; BEHAVIOR; DAMAGE AB A mechanochromic sensor based on a block copolymer photonic gel is presented. This material provides a simple yet quantitative means to measure the local stress of an interface via a color change by making advantageous use of the photonic bandgap properties and mechanical compliance of a one-dimensional periodic microstructure of a hydrophobic block-hydrophilic polyelectrolyte block copolymer gel. C1 [Chan, Edwin P.; Stafford, Christopher M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Walish, Joseph J.; Thomas, Edwin L.] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Chan, EP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8542, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edwin.chan@nist.gov; chris.stafford@nist.gov FU National Research Council; National Science Foundation [DMR 080449] FX EPC acknowledges the National Research Council for financial support. JJW and ELT acknowledge the National Science Foundation (DMR 080449) for financial support. The authors thank Dr. Peter M. Johnson, Dr. Santanu Kundu, and Dr. Jun-Young Chung for insightful discussions. This work is an official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 32 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 96 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD OCT 25 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 40 BP 4702 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.201102662 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 847XR UT WOS:000297009000017 PM 21928299 ER PT J AU Watson, JR Siegel, DA Kendall, BE Mitarai, S Rassweiller, A Gaines, SD AF Watson, James R. Siegel, David A. Kendall, Bruce E. Mitarai, Satoshi Rassweiller, Andrew Gaines, Steven D. TI Identifying critical regions in small-world marine metapopulations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE connectivity; larval dispersal; protected area design; network theory; Lagrangian simulations ID LARVAL DISPERSAL; POPULATION CONNECTIVITY; NETWORK ANALYSIS; BARRIER-REEF; RESERVES; ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; MODEL; OCEAN; PERSISTENCE AB The precarious state of many nearshore marine ecosystems has prompted the use of marine protected areas as a tool for management and conservation. However, there remains substantial debate over their design and, in particular, how to best account for the spatial dynamics of nearshore marine species. Many commercially important nearshore marine species are sedentary as adults, with limited home ranges. It is as larvae that they disperse greater distances, traveling with ocean currents sometimes hundreds of kilometers. As a result, these species exist in spatially complex systems of connected subpopulations. Here, we explicitly account for the mutual dependence of subpopulations and approach protected area design in terms of network robustness. Our goal is to characterize the topology of nearshore metapopulation networks and their response to perturbation, and to identify critical subpopulations whose protection would reduce the risk for stock collapse. We define metapopulation networks using realistic estimates of larval dispersal generated from ocean circulation simulations and spatially explicit metapopulation models, and we then explore their robustness using node-removal simulation experiments. Nearshore metapopulations show small-world network properties, and we identify a set of highly connected hub subpopulations whose removal maximally disrupts the metapopulation network. Protecting these subpopulations reduces the risk for systemic failure and stock collapse. Our focus on catastrophe avoidance provides a unique perspective for spatial marine planning and the design of marine protected areas. C1 [Watson, James R.; Siegel, David A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Siegel, David A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kendall, Bruce E.; Gaines, Steven D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Rassweiller, Andrew] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Mitarai, Satoshi] Okinawa Inst Sci & Technol, Marine Biophys Unit, Okinawa 9040412, Japan. RP Watson, JR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM jrwatson@princeton.edu RI Kendall, Bruce/C-1871-2008; Siegel, David/C-5587-2008 OI Kendall, Bruce/0000-0003-1782-8106; FU National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We thank the Flow Fish and Fishing research group, R. Warner, C. Costello, R. Hilborn, C. White, J. McWilliams, C. Dong, E. Fields, S. Levin, J. Elliott, and the anonymous reviewers for their help in preparing this material. Financial support was provided by the National Science Foundation and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 54 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 54 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 25 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 43 BP E907 EP E913 DI 10.1073/pnas.1111461108 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 839OU UT WOS:000296378100008 PM 21987813 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, D Douglas, JF Karim, A AF Bandyopadhyay, Diya Douglas, Jack F. Karim, Alamgir TI Influence of C-60 Nanoparticles on the Stability and Morphology of Miscible Polymer Blend Films SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DEWETTING DYNAMICS; PHASE-SEPARATION; THIN-FILMS; SUPPRESSION; POLYSTYRENE AB We investigate the influence of fullerene (C-60) nanoparticle (NP) additives on a thermodynamically miscible polymer blend thin film of polystyrene (PS) and polybutadiene (PB). In this system both homopolymer components individually dewet from the commonly used silicon substrate. Three NP concentration regimes having distinct blend nanocomposite film morphologies are observed: (a) In the neat blend and low NP mass (0-1%) range, the blend films rapidly dewet, apparently due to fluctuations in the polymer surface tension arising from the composition fluctuations of a surface enrichment layer at the film air boundary. This behavior is in sharp contrast to the corresponding NP-filled homopolymer films where dewetting is progressively slowed by the segregation of NPs to the solid substrate in this same concentration range. (b) In the intermediate NP concentration range of 1-5 mass %, the C-60 additive acts as a "compatibilizing agent", progressively reducing the size of the dewetted droplets with increasing NP concentration. Dewetting is fully suppressed in the homopolymer films in this NP concentration range. We conclude that C-60 segregation to polymeric interfaces within blend film competes with the NP film stabilizing effect. (c) At higher NP concentrations between 5 and 10 mass %, the NPs enrich the substrate sufficiently to fully inhibit the blend film dewetting through a percolating blend-NP structure. At very high NP concentrations (10-15 mass %), the NPs form clusters within the blend film giving rise to a "spinodal clustering" NP morphology. C1 [Bandyopadhyay, Diya; Karim, Alamgir] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Karim, A (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM alamgir@uakron.edu FU University of Akron Research Foundation (UARF); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE-BES) [DE-FG02-10ER4779]; Austen BioInnovation Institute in Akron (ABIA) FX This work was supported by the University of Akron Research Foundation (UARF), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE-BES Grant DE-FG02-10ER4779), and the Austen BioInnovation Institute in Akron (ABIA)-supported Akron Functional Materials Center (AFMC). D.B. also thanks Dr. Manish M. Kulkarni, Dr. Jola Marszalek, Gurpreet Singh, and Prof. Matthew L. Becker for helpful discussions. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 25 PY 2011 VL 44 IS 20 BP 8136 EP 8142 DI 10.1021/ma201201v PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 833TG UT WOS:000295907200031 ER PT J AU Radzhabova, LM Stepanov, GV Abdulagatov, IM AF Radzhabova, Laritta M. Stepanov, Gennadii V. Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M. TI Experimental study of the isochoric heat capacity of tert-butanol in the critical and supercritical regions SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE Coexistence curve; Complete scaling; Critical point; Isochoric heat capacity; Saturated density; Scaling law; Singular diameter; Tert-butanol; Vapor-pressure ID NONASYMPTOTIC CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; ORGANIC OXYGEN COMPOUNDS; VAPOR PHASE-TRANSITIONS; YANG-YANG RELATION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; CRITICAL-POINT; LIQUID-VAPOR; ISING-MODEL; CONFLUENT SINGULARITIES; NITROGEN TETROXIDE AB The one- and two-phase isochoric heat capacities (C-V) of tert-butanol in the critical and supercritical regions have been measured with a high-temperature and high-pressure nearly constant-volume adiabatic calorimeter. The measurements were made in the temperature range from 296K to 524K for 21 liquid and 7 vapor isochores from 70.56 kg m(-3) to 763.98 kg m-3. The isochoric heat capacity jump (quasi-static thermograms supplemented by the sensor of adiabatic control) technique was used to accurately measure of the phase transition parameters (rho(S), T-S) in the critical region. The total experimental uncertainty of density (PS). temperature (T-S), and isochoric heat capacity (C-V) measurements were estimated to be 0.02%, 15 mK, and 2-3%, respectively. The critical temperature (T-C = 506.35 +/- 0.2 K) and the critical density (rho(C) = 268.1 +/- 2 kg m-3) for tret-butanol were extracted from the measured saturated properties (C-VS, T-S, rho(S)) near the critical point. The measured C-V and saturated density (rho(S). T-S) data near the critical point have been analyzed and interpreted in terms of extended scaling equations for the selected thermodynamic paths (critical isochore and coexistence curve) to accurately calculate the values of the asymptotical critical amplitude (110 and B-0). The experimentally derived value of the critical amplitude ratio A(0)(+)/A(0)(-) = 0.525 is in good agreement with the value predicted by various scaling theories. The measured thermodynamic properties of tert-butanol near the critical point were also interpreted in terms of the "complete scaling" theory of critical phenomena. In particularly, the contributions of the "complete" and "incomplete scaling" terms on the coexistence-curve singular diameter were estimated. The Yang-Yang anomaly of strength parameter R-mu = -0.036 for tert-butanol was estimated using derived second temperature derivatives of pressure and chemical potential. The measured values of saturated one(c, C'(V1)and C ''(V1)) and two-phase (C'(V2) and C ''(V2)) liquid and vapor isochoric heat capacities and saturated thermal properties (rho(S), T-S) together with reported vapor-pressure (rho(S). T-S) data were used to calculate other derived thermodynamic properties such as K-T, Delta H-vap, C-P, C-S, W, (partial derivative P/partial derivative T)'(V) (d(2)P(S)/dT(2)), and (d(2)mu/dT(2)) of tert-butanol at saturation near the critical point. (C) 2011 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved. C1 [Radzhabova, Laritta M.; Stepanov, Gennadii V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. [Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M.] Russian Acad Sci, Geothermal Res Inst, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 78 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD OCT 25 PY 2011 VL 309 IS 2 BP 128 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2011.07.004 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 826HV UT WOS:000295346100004 ER PT J AU Corzo, N Marino, AM Jones, KM Lett, PD AF Corzo, Neil Marino, Alberto M. Jones, Kevin M. Lett, Paul D. TI Multi-spatial-mode single-beam quadrature squeezed states of light from four-wave mixing in hot rubidium vapor SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC AMPLIFICATION; ENTANGLEMENT; NOISE; IMAGES; GENERATION; MICROSCOPY; RB-87 AB We present experimental results on the generation of multi-spatial-mode, single-beam, quadrature squeezed light using four-wave mixing in hot Rb vapor. Squeezing and phase-sensitive deamplification are observed over a range of powers and detunings near the Rb-85 D1 atomic transition. We observe -3 dB of vacuum quadrature squeezing, comparable to the best single-spatial mode results previously reported using atomic vapors, however, produced here in multiple spatial modes. We confirm that the squeezing is present in more than one transverse mode by studying the spatial distribution of the noise properties of the field. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Corzo, Neil; Marino, Alberto M.; Lett, Paul D.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Corzo, Neil; Marino, Alberto M.; Lett, Paul D.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Corzo, Neil] CINVESTAV IPN, Dept Fis, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico. [Jones, Kevin M.] Williams Coll, Dept Phys, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. RP Corzo, N (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM neil.corzotrejo@nist.gov RI Marino, Alberto/C-7193-2013 FU DARPA; AFOSR FX This work was supported by DARPA and AFOSR. N. Corzo thanks CONACYT. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 17 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 24 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 22 BP 21358 EP 21369 DI 10.1364/OE.19.021358 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 842DC UT WOS:000296568100025 PM 22108986 ER PT J AU Pelc, JS Ma, L Phillips, CR Zhang, Q Langrock, C Slattery, O Tang, X Fejer, MM AF Pelc, J. S. Ma, L. Phillips, C. R. Zhang, Q. Langrock, C. Slattery, O. Tang, X. Fejer, M. M. TI Long-wavelength-pumped upconversion single-photon detector at 1550 nm: performance and noise analysis SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID LINBO3 WAVE-GUIDES; QUANTUM TRANSDUCTION; LITHIUM-NIOBATE; EFFICIENT; BAND AB We demonstrate upconversion-assisted single-photon detection for the 1.55-mu m telecommunications band based on a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide pumped by a monolithic PPLN optical parametric oscillator. We achieve an internal conversion efficiency of 86%, which results in an overall system detection efficiency of 37%, with excess noise as low as 10(3) counts s(-1). We measure the dark count rate versus the upconversion pump-signal frequency separation and find the results to be consistent with noise photon generation by spontaneous anti-Stokes Raman scattering. These results enable detailed design guidelines for the development of low-noise quantum frequency conversion systems, which will be an important component of fiber-optic quantum networks. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Pelc, J. S.; Phillips, C. R.; Zhang, Q.; Langrock, C.; Fejer, M. M.] Stanford Univ, EL Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ma, L.; Slattery, O.; Tang, X.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Q.] USTC Shanghai Inst Adv Studies, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Pelc, JS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, EL Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jpelc@stanford.edu RI 张, 强/B-1292-2012; Pelc, Jason/F-3258-2012 FU Robert N. Noyce Stanford Graduate Fellowship; United States AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0233]; National Institutes of Standards and Technology (NIST) quantum information initiative; Crystal Technology, Inc. FX J. S. P. was supported by a Robert N. Noyce Stanford Graduate Fellowship. Additional support was provided by the United States AFOSR under grant FA9550-09-1-0233 and by the National Institutes of Standards and Technology (NIST) quantum information initiative. We also acknowledge the support of Crystal Technology, Inc. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement of recommendation by NIST. NR 33 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 6 U2 37 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 24 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 22 BP 21445 EP 21456 DI 10.1364/OE.19.021445 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 842DC UT WOS:000296568100033 PM 22108994 ER PT J AU Liu, X Smith, DJ Fan, J Zhang, YH Cao, H Chen, YP Leiner, J Kirby, BJ Dobrowolska, M Furdyna, JK AF Liu, X. Smith, D. J. Fan, J. Zhang, Y. -H. Cao, H. Chen, Y. P. Leiner, J. Kirby, B. J. Dobrowolska, M. Furdyna, J. K. TI Structural properties of Bi2Te3 and Bi2Se3 topological insulators grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs(001) substrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FILMS AB Thin films of Bi2Te3 and Bi2Se3 have been grown on deoxidized GaAs(001) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy established the highly parallel nature of the Te(Se)-Bi-Te(Se)-Bi-Te(Se) quintuple layers deposited on the slightly wavy GaAs substrate surface and the different crystal symmetries of the two materials. Raman mapping confirmed the presence of the strong characteristic peaks reported previously for these materials in bulk form. The overall quality of these films reveals the potential of combining topological insulators with ferromagnetic semiconductors for future applications. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3655995] C1 [Liu, X.; Leiner, J.; Dobrowolska, M.; Furdyna, J. K.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Smith, D. J.; Fan, J.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Fan, J.; Zhang, Y. -H.] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Photon Innovat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Zhang, Y. -H.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Cao, H.; Chen, Y. P.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kirby, B. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM xliu2@nd.edu RI Cao, Helin/G-5521-2012; Chen, Yong/K-7017-2012; Cao, Helin/B-5908-2013; Fan, Jin/B-3596-2015 OI Chen, Yong/0000-0002-7356-4179; FU NSF [DMR10-05851, 1002114]; AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0129]; DARPA MESO FX This work was supported by NSF Grant DMR10-05851 for ND; for ASU an NSF grant, contract number 1002114 and an AFOSR Grant number FA9550-10-1-0129; Y.P.C. acknowledges support from DARPA MESO program. The authors acknowledge use of facilities in the John M. Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy at Arizona State University and the x-ray reflectometer at the NIST Center for Neutron Research. NR 13 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 55 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 24 PY 2011 VL 99 IS 17 AR 171903 DI 10.1063/1.3655995 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 841NG UT WOS:000296518400020 ER PT J AU Johnson-Wilke, RL Tinberg, DS Yeager, CB Han, Y Reaney, IM Levin, I Fong, DD Fister, TT Trolier-McKinstry, S AF Johnson-Wilke, R. L. Tinberg, D. S. Yeager, C. B. Han, Y. Reaney, I. M. Levin, I. Fong, D. D. Fister, T. T. Trolier-McKinstry, S. TI Tilt transitions in compressively strained AgTa0.5Nb0.5O3 thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PEROVSKITES; DIFFRACTION; CERAMICS AB Phase transitions in coherently strained epitaxial AgTa0.5Nb0.5O3 films grown on SrTiO3 (001) substrates were characterized by high-resolution x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Coherently strained films were found to undergo the same phase transition sequence as bulk materials: cubic (C)<-> tetragonal (T)<-> orthorhombic (O)<-> orthorhombic (M-3). However, the compressive in-plane strain stabilized the tetragonal and orthorhombic phases, expanding these phase fields by approximate to 280 degrees C. The compressive strain state also favors c-axis domain texture. Consequently, unit cell quadrupling in the M-3 phase and the in-phase tilt of the T phase both occur around the out-of-plane direction. In contrast, bulk materials and relaxed films are polydomain, with the complex tilt system occurring along all three of the orthogonal axes. Compressively strained films are in the M-3 phase at room temperature rather than in the M-2 phase as is observed in bulk. This suggests that strain not only modifies octahedral rotations but may also disrupt the ordering of local cation displacements. These results demonstrate unambiguously that strain engineering in systems with complex tilt sequences such as AgTa0.5Nb0.5O3 is feasible and open up the possibility of modifying properties by manipulation of the pertinent octahedral tilt transition temperature in a wide range of functional ceramics. C1 [Johnson-Wilke, R. L.; Tinberg, D. S.; Yeager, C. B.; Trolier-McKinstry, S.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Johnson-Wilke, R. L.; Tinberg, D. S.; Yeager, C. B.; Trolier-McKinstry, S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Han, Y.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nanoscale Phys Res Lab, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Reaney, I. M.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Engn, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. [Levin, I.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fong, D. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Fister, T. T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Johnson-Wilke, RL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM rlj12@psu.edu RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010; OI Trolier-McKinstry, Susan/0000-0002-7267-9281 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0602770, DMR-0820404]; Engineering and Physical Science Research Council UK [EP/D067049/1G]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Financial support for this work is provided by the National Science Foundation (DMR-0602770 and DMR-0820404) and by the Engineering and Physical Science Research Council UK (EP/D067049/1G). Work at Argonne National Laboratory and the use of the Advanced Photon Source were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Jenia Karapetrova's help at beamline 33-BM of the Advanced Photon Source, along with Pete Baldo's technical assistance, is gratefully acknowledged. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 24 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 13 AR 134114 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.134114 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 839MY UT WOS:000296372300005 ER PT J AU Horton, TW Holdaway, RN Zerbini, AN Hauser, N Garrigue, C Andriolo, A Clapham, PJ AF Horton, Travis W. Holdaway, Richard N. Zerbini, Alexandre N. Hauser, Nan Garrigue, Claire Andriolo, Artur Clapham, Phillip J. TI Straight as an arrow: humpback whales swim constant course tracks during long-distance migration SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE humpback whales; navigation; constant course; migration; sea-surface currents ID MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; MOVEMENTS; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR; OCEAN AB Humpback whale seasonal migrations, spanning greater than 6500 km of open ocean, demonstrate remarkable navigational precision despite following spatially and temporally distinct migration routes. Satellite-monitored radio tag-derived humpback whale migration tracks in both the South Atlantic and South Pacific include constant course segments of greater than 200 km, each spanning several days of continuous movement. The whales studied here maintain these directed movements, often with better than 1 degrees precision, despite the effects of variable sea-surface currents. Such remarkable directional precision is difficult to explain by established models of directional orientation, suggesting that alternative compass mechanisms should be explored. C1 [Horton, Travis W.; Holdaway, Richard N.] Univ Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Holdaway, Richard N.] Palaecol Res Ltd, Christchurch 8042, New Zealand. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.; Clapham, Phillip J.] US Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.; Andriolo, Artur] Inst Aqualie, Projeto Monitoramento Baleias Satelite, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Hauser, Nan; Garrigue, Claire] S Pacific Whale Res Consortium, Avarua, Rarotonga, Cook Islands. [Hauser, Nan] Cook Islands Whale Res Ctr, Rarotonga, Cook Islands. [Garrigue, Claire] Operat Cetaces, Noumea 98802, New Caledonia. [Andriolo, Artur] ICB Univ Fed Juiz Fora, Dept Zool, Minas Gerais, Brazil. RP Horton, TW (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. EM travis.horton@canterbury.ac.nz RI Andriolo, Artur/K-5624-2013; Zerbini, Alexandre/G-4138-2012; Garrigue, Claire/I-4704-2016; OI Andriolo, Artur/0000-0002-5582-0183; Garrigue, Claire/0000-0002-8117-3370; Horton, Travis/0000-0003-0558-2970 FU Exploration and Production Division of Shell Brazil SA; Biodynamica Engenharia and Meio Ambienta (Brazil); National Marine Mammal Laboratory (USA); Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington (USA); Greenpeace International FX Humpback whale tagging in Brazil was funded and supported by: Exploration and Production Division of Shell Brazil SA; Biodynamica Engenharia and Meio Ambienta (Brazil); National Marine Mammal Laboratory (USA); Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington (USA). Tagging was conducted under permits issued by the Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq permit CMC 026/02, 028/03) and the Brazilian Environmental Agency (IBAMA permit 009/02/CMA/IBAMA, process no. 02001.000085/02-27). Sea-surface current data were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Project and the national programmes that contribute to it. Tagging in the Cook Islands and in New Caledonia was supported in part by Greenpeace International, as part of a programme of non-lethal research on Southern Ocean whales. Tagging was conducted under permit delivered by Province Sud of New Caledonia (1146-07/PPS). NR 16 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 8 U2 65 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD OCT 23 PY 2011 VL 7 IS 5 BP 674 EP 679 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0279 PG 6 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 818QE UT WOS:000294768400012 PM 21508023 ER PT J AU Daly, AM Douglass, KO Sarkozy, LC Neill, JL Muckle, MT Zaleski, DP Pate, BH Kukolich, SG AF Daly, Adam M. Douglass, Kevin O. Sarkozy, Laszlo C. Neill, Justin L. Muckle, Matt T. Zaleski, Daniel P. Pate, Brooks H. Kukolich, Stephen G. TI Microwave measurements of proton tunneling and structural parameters for the propiolic acid-formic acid dimer SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; bond lengths; Fourier transform spectra; hydrogen bonds; ion exchange; isotope effects; microwave spectra; molecular configurations; molecular moments; potential energy surfaces; rotational states; transition moments; vibrational states ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; DIPOLE-MOMENT; CARBOXYLIC-ACID; GAS-PHASE; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROMETER; SPECTRA; STRETCH AB Microwave spectra of the propiolic acid-formic acid doubly hydrogen bonded complex were measured in the 1 GHz to 21 GHz range using four different Fourier transform spectrometers. Rotational spectra for seven isotopologues were obtained. For the parent isotopologue, a total of 138 a-dipole transitions and 28 b-dipole transitions were measured for which the a-dipole transitions exhibited splittings of a few MHz into pairs of lines and the b-type dipole transitions were split by similar to 580 MHz. The transitions assigned to this complex were fit to obtain rotational and distortion constants for both tunneling levels: A(0+) = 6005.289(8), B0+ = 930.553(8), C0+ = 803.9948(6) MHz, Delta(0+)(J) = 0.075(1), Delta(0+)(JK) = 0.71(1), and delta(0+)(j) = -0.010(1) kHz and A(0-) = 6005.275(8), B0- = 930.546(8), C0- 803.9907(5) MHz, Delta(0-)(J) = 0.076(1), Delta(0-)(JK) = 0.70(2), and delta(0-)(j) = -0.008(1) kHz. Double resonance experiments were used on some transitions to verify assignments and to obtain splittings for cases when the b-dipole transitions were difficult to measure. The experimental difference in energy between the two tunneling states is 291.428(5) MHz for proton-proton exchange and 3.35(2) MHz for the deuterium-deuterium exchange. The vibration-rotation coupling constant between the two levels, F-ab, is 120.7(2) MHz for the proton-proton exchange. With one deuterium atom substituted in either of the hydrogen-bonding protons, the tunneling splittings were not observed for a-dipole transitions, supporting the assignment of the splitting to the concerted proton tunneling motion. The spectra were obtained using three Flygare-Balle type spectrometers and one chirped-pulse machine at the University of Virginia. Rotational constants and centrifugal distortion constants were obtained for HCOOH center dot center dot center dot HOOCCCH, (HCOOH)-C-13 center dot center dot center dot HOOCCCH, HCOOD center dot center dot center dot HOOCCCH, HCOOH center dot center dot center dot DOOCCCH, HCOOD center dot center dot center dot DOOCCCH, DCOOH center dot center dot center dot HOOCCCH, and DCOOD center dot center dot center dot center dot HOOCCCH. High-level ab initio calculations provided initial rotational constants for the complex, structural parameters, and some details of the proton tunneling potential energy surface. A least squares fit to the isotopic data reveals a planar structure that is slightly asymmetric in the OH distances. The formic OH center dot center dot center dot O propiolic hydrogen bond length is 1.8 angstrom and the propiolic OH center dot center dot center dot O formic hydrogen bond length is 1.6 angstrom, for the equilibrium configuration. The magnitude of the dipole moment was experimentally determined to be 1.95(3) x 10(-30) C m (0.584(8) D) for the 0(+) states and 1.92(5) x 10(-30) C m (0.576(14) D) for the 0(-) states. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3643720] C1 [Daly, Adam M.; Sarkozy, Laszlo C.; Kukolich, Stephen G.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Douglass, Kevin O.] NIST, Biophys Grp, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Neill, Justin L.; Muckle, Matt T.; Zaleski, Daniel P.; Pate, Brooks H.] Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Kukolich, SG (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM kukolich@u.arizona.edu OI Zaleski, Daniel/0000-0003-0153-9158 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0721505, CHE-0809053]; University of Virginia by the National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-0618740, CHE-0960074] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. CHE-0721505 and CHE-0809053 at the University of Arizona. This research has been supported at the University of Virginia by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (CHE-0618740 and CHE-0960074). We are very grateful to the NSF for providing funding for this research. We thank Phil Bunker for helpful advice and discussions in the early part of this project. NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 21 PY 2011 VL 135 IS 15 AR 154304 DI 10.1063/1.3643720 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 841MQ UT WOS:000296516800023 PM 22029310 ER PT J AU Krekelberg, WP Shen, VK Errington, JR Truskett, TM AF Krekelberg, William P. Shen, Vincent K. Errington, Jeffrey R. Truskett, Thomas M. TI Impact of surface roughness on diffusion of confined fluids SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE liquid structure; molecular dynamics method; rough surfaces; self-diffusion; surface roughness ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SELF-DIFFUSION AB Using event-driven molecular dynamics simulations, we quantify how the self diffusivity of confined hard-sphere fluids depends on the nature of the confining boundaries. We explore systems with featureless confining boundaries that treat particle-boundary collisions in different ways and also various types of physically (i.e., geometrically) rough boundaries. We show that, for moderately dense fluids, the ratio of the self diffusivity of a rough wall system to that of an appropriate smooth-wall reference system is a linear function of the reciprocal wall separation, with the slope depending on the nature of the roughness. We also discuss some simple practical ways to use this information to predict confined hard-sphere fluid behavior in different rough-wall systems. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3651478] C1 [Krekelberg, William P.; Shen, Vincent K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krekelberg, William P.; Shen, Vincent K.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Truskett, Thomas M.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Truskett, Thomas M.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Theoret Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Krekelberg, WP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.krekelberg@nist.gov; vincent.shen@nist.gov; jerring@buffalo.edu; truskett@che.utexas.edu RI Truskett, Thomas/D-4624-2009; Errington, Jeffrey/E-8644-2011; Truskett, Thomas/C-4996-2014 OI Truskett, Thomas/0000-0002-6607-6468; Errington, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0365-0271; FU National Research Council at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Welch Foundation [F-1696]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [CBET 1065357, CBET 0828979] FX W.P.K. gratefully acknowledges financial support from a National Research Council postdoctoral research associateship at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). T.M.T. acknowledges support of the Welch Foundation (F-1696) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) (CBET 1065357). J.R.E. acknowledges financial support of the NSF (CBET 0828979). The Biowulf Cluster at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) provided computational resources for this paper. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 21 PY 2011 VL 135 IS 15 AR 154502 DI 10.1063/1.3651478 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 841MQ UT WOS:000296516800032 PM 22029319 ER PT J AU Loh, H Wang, J Grau, M Yahn, TS Field, RW Greene, CH Cornell, EA AF Loh, Huanqian Wang, Jia Grau, Matt Yahn, Tyler S. Field, Robert W. Greene, Chris H. Cornell, Eric A. TI Laser-induced fluorescence studies of HfF+ produced by autoionization SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE autoionisation; electric moments; fluorescence; hafnium compounds; molecular moments; molecule-photon collisions; optical double resonance; photoionisation; positive ions; rotational states; rotational-vibrational states; Rydberg states; Zeeman effect ID QUANTUM DEFECT THEORY; NF RYDBERG STATES; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; PHOTOIONIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; POLARIZATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; THRESHOLD; SPECTRUM; JET AB Autoionization of Rydberg states of HfF, prepared using the optical-optical double resonance technique, holds promise to create HfF+ in a particular Zeeman level of a rovibronic state for an electron electric dipole moment search. We characterize a vibronic band of Rydberg HfF at 54 cm (1) above the lowest ionization threshold and directly probe the state of the ions formed from this vibronic band by performing laser-induced fluorescence on the ions. The Rydberg HfF molecules show a propensity to decay into only a few ion rotational states of a given parity and are found to preserve their orientation qualitatively upon autoionization. We show empirically that we can create 30% of the total ion yield in a particular vertical bar J(+), M+> state and present a simplified model describing autoionization from a given Rydberg state that assumes no angular dynamics. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3652333] C1 [Loh, Huanqian; Wang, Jia; Grau, Matt; Yahn, Tyler S.; Greene, Chris H.; Cornell, Eric A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Loh, Huanqian; Wang, Jia; Grau, Matt; Yahn, Tyler S.; Greene, Chris H.; Cornell, Eric A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Field, Robert W.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Loh, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ecornell@jilau1.colorado.edu RI Greene, Chris/C-3821-2011; Field, Robert/A-9465-2009; Wang, Jia/I-2248-2013; OI Greene, Chris/0000-0002-2096-6385; Field, Robert/0000-0002-7609-4205; Wang, Jia/0000-0002-9064-5245; Loh, Huanqian/0000-0002-7325-0815 FU National Science Foundation (NSF); Marsico Research Chair; A*STAR (Singapore) FX We thank R. P. Stutz for early contributions and helpful discussions. This work is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Marsico Research Chair. H. Loh acknowledges support from A*STAR (Singapore). NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 21 PY 2011 VL 135 IS 15 AR 154308 DI 10.1063/1.3652333 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 841MQ UT WOS:000296516800027 PM 22029314 ER PT J AU Ju, H Heuser, BJ Abernathy, DL Udovic, TJ AF Ju, Hyunsu Heuser, Brent J. Abernathy, Douglas L. Udovic, Terrence J. TI Comparison of FANS and ARCS incoherent inelastic neutron scattering measurements of hydrogen trapped at dislocations in deformed Pd SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen; Dislocation trapping; Inelastic neutron scattering; Vibrational density of states ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL; IMPURITIES; VIBRATIONS; DYNAMICS; MODES AB Incoherent inelastic neutron scattering (IINS) measurements of the vibrational density of states (VDOS) of hydrogen trapped at dislocations in deformed PdH(0.0013) have been performed using ARCS at the SNS and FANS at the NCNR. A comparison of data sets at 4 and 295 K indicates good agreement of the measured VDOS for the two instruments. The low hydrogen inventory (similar to 10(-3) g) provides a test of the response of each instrument over the energy transfer range of 40-100 meV corresponding to the vibrational density of states of the hydrogen modes. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ju, Hyunsu; Heuser, Brent J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Abernathy, Douglas L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Udovic, Terrence J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Heuser, BJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM bheuser@illinois.edu RI BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012; Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012 OI Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X FU NSF [DMR-0804810]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the NSF under Grant number DMR-0804810. In addition, we acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. A portion of this research was performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source and was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 21 PY 2011 VL 654 IS 1 BP 522 EP 526 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2011.07.020 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 831XT UT WOS:000295765100074 ER PT J AU Prabhu, AS Freedman, KJ Robertson, JWF Nikolov, Z Kasianowicz, JJ Kim, MJ AF Prabhu, Anmiv S. Freedman, Kevin J. Robertson, Joseph W. F. Nikolov, Zhorro Kasianowicz, John J. Kim, Min Jun TI SEM-induced shrinking of solid-state nanopores for single molecule detection SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FABRICATION; MEMBRANES; TRANSPORT; ARRAYS AB We have investigated the mechanism by which the diameter of solid-state nanopores is reduced by a scanning electron microscope. The process depends on beam parameters such as the accelerating voltage and electron flux and does not involve simple electron-beam-induced deposition of hydrocarbon contaminants. Instead, it is an energy-dependent process that involves material flow along the surface of the nanopore membrane. We also show that pores fabricated in this manner can detect double stranded DNA. C1 [Prabhu, Anmiv S.; Kim, Min Jun] Drexel Univ, Sch Biomed Engn & Hlth Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Freedman, Kevin J.] Drexel Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Robertson, Joseph W. F.; Kasianowicz, John J.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nikolov, Zhorro] Drexel Univ, Centralized Res Facil, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Kim, Min Jun] Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Prabhu, AS (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Sch Biomed Engn & Hlth Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM mkim@coe.drexel.edu FU Human Frontier Science Program Young Investigator Award [RGY0075/2009-C]; NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards; Telemedicine & Advanced Technology Research Center FX This work was supported in part by the Human Frontier Science Program Young Investigator Award RGY0075/2009-C, the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards and the Telemedicine & Advanced Technology Research Center. The authors are also thankful to Dr Craig L Johnson and Dr Edward Basgall at the Centralized Research Facilities, Drexel University, for their valuable insights. The authors would also like acknowledge U Kei Cheang, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, for his valuable insights. The identification of commercial materials and their sources is given in describing the experimental results. In no case does this identification imply recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the material is the best available. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 18 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD OCT 21 PY 2011 VL 22 IS 42 AR 425302 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/22/42/425302 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 827YZ UT WOS:000295467800006 PM 21937789 ER PT J AU Lynch, BJ Reinard, AA Mulligan, T Reeves, KK Rakowski, CE Allred, JC Li, Y Laming, JM MacNeice, PJ Linker, JA AF Lynch, B. J. Reinard, A. A. Mulligan, T. Reeves, K. K. Rakowski, C. E. Allred, J. C. Li, Y. Laming, J. M. MacNeice, P. J. Linker, J. A. TI IONIC COMPOSITION STRUCTURE OF CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS IN AXISYMMETRIC MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC MODELS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetic reconnection; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: flares; Sun: heliosphere ID INTER-PLANETARY SHOCK; SLOW SOLAR-WIND; CHARGE STATES; ELECTRON-TEMPERATURE; COMPOSITION SPECTROMETER; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; FLUX CANCELLATION; SOHO OBSERVATIONS; IONIZATION STATE; 1 AU AB We present the ionic charge state composition structure derived from axisymmetric MHD simulations of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), initiated via the flux-cancellation and magnetic breakout mechanisms. The flux-cancellation CME simulation is run on the Magnetohydrodynamics-on-A-Sphere code developed at Predictive Sciences, Inc., and the magnetic breakout CME simulation is run on ARC7 developed at NASA GSFC. Both MHD codes include field-aligned thermal conduction, radiative losses, and coronal heating terms which make the energy equations sufficient to calculate reasonable temperatures associated with the steady-state solar wind and model the eruptive flare heating during CME formation and eruption. We systematically track a grid of Lagrangian plasma parcels through the simulation data and calculate the coronal density and temperature history of the plasma in and around the CME magnetic flux ropes. The simulation data are then used to integrate the continuity equations for the ionic charge states of several heavy ion species under the assumption that they act as passive tracers in the MHD flow. We construct two-dimensional spatial distributions of commonly measured ionic charge state ratios in carbon, oxygen, silicon, and iron that are typically elevated in interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) plasma. We find that the slower CME eruption has relatively enhanced ionic charge states and the faster CME eruption shows basically no enhancement in charge states-which is the opposite trend to what is seen in the in situ ICME observations. The primary cause of the difference in the ionic charge states in the two simulations is not due to the different CME initiation mechanisms per se. Rather, the difference lies in their respective implementation of the coronal heating which governs the steady-state solar wind, density and temperature profiles, the duration of the connectivity of the CME to the eruptive flare current sheet, and the contribution of the flare-heated plasma associated with the reconnection jet outflow into the ejecta. Despite the limitations inherent in the first attempt at this novel procedure, the simulation results provide strong evidence in support of the conclusion that enhanced heavy ion charge states within CMEs are a direct consequence of flare heating in the low corona. We also discuss future improvements through combining numerical CME modeling with quantitative ionic charge state calculations. C1 [Lynch, B. J.; Li, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Reinard, A. A.] NOAA Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80505 USA. [Mulligan, T.] Aerosp Corp, Dept Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Reeves, K. K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rakowski, C. E.; Laming, J. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Allred, J. C.] Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [MacNeice, P. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Linker, J. A.] Predict Sci Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Lynch, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM blynch@ssl.berkeley.edu; alysha.reinard@noaa.gov; tamitha.mulligan@aero.org; kreeves@cfa.harvard.edu; c.rakowski@nrl.navy.mil; jca32@drexel.edu; yanli@ssl.berkeley.edu; j.laming@nrl.navy.mil; peter.j.macneice@nasa.gov; linkerj@presci.com RI Allred, Joel/C-9550-2012; MacNeice, Peter/F-5587-2012; Lynch, Benjamin/B-1300-2013; Reinard, Alysha/H-7808-2013; Reeves, Katharine/P-9163-2014; OI Reinard, Alysha/0000-0003-0304-2989; Lynch, Benjamin/0000-0001-6886-855X FU NASA [HTP NNX08AI56G NNX11AJ65G, NASA HGI NNX08AJ04G, SRT NNX08AH54G, HGI NNG08EK62I, TRT NNG04GN00G]; Office of Naval Research; NSF [SHINE ATM0752257] FX B.J.L. thanks S. K. Antiochos and G. H. Fisher for helpful discussion during the preparation of the manuscript. This collaborative research was made possible with support from NASA's Heliosphysics Theory, Guest Investigator, Living With a Star, and SR&T programs, as well as the NSF SHINE program, the Office of Naval Research, and the Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling (an NSF Science and Technology Center). B.J.L. and Y.L. acknowledge support from NASA HTP NNX08AI56G NNX11AJ65G, and NASA HGI NNX08AJ04G; A.A.R. and T.L.M. acknowledge NASA SR&T NNX08AH54G; C.E.R. and J.M.L. acknowledge NASA HGI NNG08EK62I and basic research funds of the Office of Naval Research; K.K.R. acknowledges NSF SHINE ATM0752257; and J.C.A. and P.J.M. acknowledge support from NASA TR&T NNG04GN00G. NR 86 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2011 VL 740 IS 2 AR 112 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/740/2/112 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 844QR UT WOS:000296762900062 ER PT J AU Nose, M Takahashi, K Anderson, RR Singer, HJ AF Nose, M. Takahashi, K. Anderson, R. R. Singer, H. J. TI Oxygen torus in the deep inner magnetosphere and its contribution to recurrent process of O+-rich ring current formation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION COMPOSITION MEASUREMENTS; STORM-SUBSTORM RELATIONSHIP; ALFVEN-WAVE HARMONICS; 2 GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; AMPTE-CCE; MAGNETIC STORM; ELECTRON-DENSITY; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; OUTER PLASMASPHERE; CURRENT DYNAMICS AB Using the magnetic field and plasma wave data obtained by the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES), we search for enhancements of O+ ion density in the deep inner magnetosphere known as "the oxygen torus". We examine 4 events on the dayside in which toroidal standing Alfven waves appear clearly. From the frequency of the toroidal waves, the magnetospheric local mass density (rho(L)) is estimated by solving the MHD wave equation for realistic models of the magnetic field and the field line mass distribution. We also estimate the local electron number density (n(eL)) from the plasma wave spectrograms by identifying narrow-band emission at the upper-hybrid resonance frequency. Assuming the quasi-neutral condition of plasma, we infer the local average ion mass (M-L) by rho(L)/n(eL). It is found that M-L is approximately 3 amu in the plasma trough, while it shows an enhancement of >7 amu at L similar to 4.5-6.5 that is close to the plasmapause at L similar to 3.5-6.0. This indicates an existence of the oxygen torus in the vicinity of the plasmapause. The oxygen torus is found preferentially during the storm recovery phase. We interpret that these features of the oxygen torus (i.e., close relations with the plasmapause and the storm recovery phase) reflect its generation mechanism; that is, the ionospheric temperature is enhanced by heat conduction from high altitudes in the limited L range where the plasmasphere, because of its inflation during the recovery phase, encounters the ring current, and then the ionosphere has a larger scale height and supplies O+ ions to the inner magnetosphere, resulting in the oxygen torus. We also discuss the contribution of the oxygen torus to the formation of the O+-rich ring current. It is proposed that the O+-rich ring current is formed in a recurrent process, in which the oxygen torus, the plasmasphere, and the ring current interact with each other. C1 [Nose, M.] Kyoto Univ, Data Anal Ctr Geomagnetism & Space Magnetism, Grad Sch Sci, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Anderson, R. R.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Natl Weather Serv, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Takahashi, K.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Nose, M (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Data Anal Ctr Geomagnetism & Space Magnetism, Grad Sch Sci, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. EM nose@kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI Nose, Masahito/B-1900-2015 OI Nose, Masahito/0000-0002-2789-3588 FU Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture [22740322]; NSF [ATM-0632740, ATM-0855924] FX The Dst index was provided by the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto. The Kp index was provided by H. J. Linthe at the Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. The solar wind data were provided from the NASA/GSFC OMNIWeb WWW site. Geomagnetic field by the Tsyganenko 1989c model was calculated with GEOPACK routines developed by N. A. Tsyganenko and coded by H. Korth. We are thankful to H. Nakata and Y. Obana for their helpful comments. This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) (grant 22740322). Work at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (KT) was supported by NSF grants ATM-0632740 and ATM-0855924. NR 67 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 20 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A10224 DI 10.1029/2011JA016651 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 836ZG UT WOS:000296158400004 ER PT J AU Maragh, S Miller, RA Bessling, SL McGaughey, DM Wessels, MW de Graaf, B Stone, EA Bertoli-Avella, AM Gearhart, JD Fisher, S McCallion, AS AF Maragh, Samantha Miller, Ronald A. Bessling, Seneca L. McGaughey, David M. Wessels, Marja W. de Graaf, Bianca Stone, Eric A. Bertoli-Avella, Aida M. Gearhart, John D. Fisher, Shannon McCallion, Andrew S. TI Identification of RNA binding motif proteins essential for cardiovascular development SO BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZEBRAFISH EMBRYO; GENES; MORPHOGENESIS; EXPRESSION; MUTANT AB Background: We recently identified Rbm24 as a novel gene expressed during mouse cardiac development. Due to its tightly restricted and persistent expression from formation of the cardiac crescent onwards and later in forming vasculature we posited it to be a key player in cardiogenesis with additional roles in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Results: To determine the role of this gene in cardiac development, we have identified its zebrafish orthologs (rbm24a and rbm24b), and functionally evaluated them during zebrafish embryogenesis. Consistent with our underlying hypothesis, reduction in expression of either ortholog through injection of morpholino antisense oligonucleotides results in cardiogenic defects including cardiac looping and reduced circulation, leading to increasing pericardial edema over time. Additionally, morphant embryos for either ortholog display incompletely overlapping defects in the forming vasculature of the dorsal aorta (DA), posterior caudal vein (PCV) and caudal vein (CV) which are the first blood vessels to form in the embryo. Vasculogenesis and early angiogenesis in the trunk were similarly compromised in rbm24 morphant embryos at 48 hours post fertilization (hpf). Subsequent vascular maintenance was impaired in both rbm24 morphants with substantial vessel degradation noted at 72 hpf. Conclusion: Taken collectively, our functional data support the hypothesis that rbm24a and rbm24b are key developmental cardiac genes with unequal roles in cardiovascular formation. C1 [Maragh, Samantha; McCallion, Andrew S.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Maragh, Samantha; Miller, Ronald A.; Bessling, Seneca L.; McGaughey, David M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Wessels, Marja W.; de Graaf, Bianca; Bertoli-Avella, Aida M.] Erasmus MC, CBG Dept Clin Genet, NL-3016 AH Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Stone, Eric A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Stone, Eric A.] N Carolina State Univ, Bioinformat Res Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Gearhart, John D.] Univ Penn, Inst Regenerat Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Fisher, Shannon] Univ Penn, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McCallion, Andrew S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol & Comparat Pathobiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP McCallion, AS (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amccall2@jhmi.edu RI Fisher, Shannon/K-7351-2012; Stone, Eric/Q-7840-2016 FU MSCRF [2007-MSCRFE-0205]; Johns Hopkins University Institute for Cell Engineering; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This study was supported by a grant from the MSCRF (2007-MSCRFE-0205) to ASM and the Johns Hopkins University Institute for Cell Engineering to JDG. SM is supported by funds from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. We thank Colin Huck and the Johns Hopkins FINZ Center for zebrafish husbandry and technical support. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-213X J9 BMC DEV BIOL JI BMC Dev. Biol. PD OCT 19 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 62 DI 10.1186/1471-213X-11-62 PG 13 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 848JG UT WOS:000297047200001 PM 22011202 ER PT J AU Brioude, J Kim, SW Angevine, WM Frost, GJ Lee, SH McKeen, SA Trainer, M Fehsenfeld, FC Holloway, JS Ryerson, TB Williams, EJ Petron, G Fast, JD AF Brioude, J. Kim, S-W Angevine, W. M. Frost, G. J. Lee, S-H McKeen, S. A. Trainer, M. Fehsenfeld, F. C. Holloway, J. S. Ryerson, T. B. Williams, E. J. Petron, G. Fast, J. D. TI Top-down estimate of anthropogenic emission inventories and their interannual variability in Houston using a mesoscale inverse modeling technique SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GALVESTON METROPOLITAN-AREA; RESOLUTION LAND-USE; TEXAS AIR-QUALITY; OZONE FORMATION; COVER DATA; PLUMES; URBAN; NO2 AB Texas Air Quality Study field campaigns took place in eastern Texas in August-October of 2000 and 2006. Several flights of NOAA and NCAR research aircraft were dedicated to characterizing anthropogenic emissions over Houston. We present results from an inverse modeling technique that uses three atmospheric transport models and these aircraft observations to assess and improve existing emission inventories. We used inverse modeling techniques to improve the spatial and temporal emissions' distribution of CO, NOy, and SO2 predicted by the 4 km resolution U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Emission Inventory (NEI) for 2005. Differences between the prior and posterior inventories are discussed in detail. In September 2006, we found that the prior daytime CO emissions in the Houston urban area have to be reduced by 41% +/- 8%. Over the Houston Ship Channel, where industrial emissions are predominant, the prior emissions have to be decreased by 43% +/- 5% for CO and 51% +/- 5% for NOy. Prior NOy emissions from other major ports around Houston also have to be reduced, probably owing to uncertain nearshore ship emissions in the EPA NEI inventory. Using the measurements from the two field campaigns, we assessed the emissions' variability between August 2000 and September 2006. Daytime CO emissions from the Houston urban area have decreased by 8% +/- 3%, while the NOy emissions have increased by 20% +/- 6%. In the Houston Ship Channel, daytime NOy emissions have increased by 13% +/- 7%. Our results show qualitative consistencies with known changes in Houston emissions' sources. C1 [Brioude, J.; Kim, S-W; Angevine, W. M.; Frost, G. J.; McKeen, S. A.; Trainer, M.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.; Holloway, J. S.; Ryerson, T. B.; Williams, E. J.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Petron, G.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lee, S-H] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lee, S-H] Los Alamos Natl Lab, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fast, J. D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Brioude, J.; Kim, S-W; Angevine, W. M.; Frost, G. J.; McKeen, S. A.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.; Holloway, J. S.; Williams, E. J.; Petron, G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Brioude, J (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jerome.brioude@noaa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Lee, Sang-Hyun/B-5974-2013; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Kim, Si-Wan/I-3979-2013; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013 OI Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Kim, Si-Wan/0000-0002-7889-189X; NR 38 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 36 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 19 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D20305 DI 10.1029/2011JD016215 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 836ZQ UT WOS:000296160100003 ER PT J AU Mo, KC AF Mo, Kingtse C. TI Drought onset and recovery over the United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; CLIMATE MODELS; LAND-SURFACE; PRECIPITATION; ENSO; PACIFIC; RECONSTRUCTION; VARIABILITY AB This study employs precipitation (P) and ensemble soil moisture data sets from 1916 to 2007 to study the drought onset and demise over the United States. Both meteorological drought, classified using the standardized precipitation indices (SPIs), and agricultural drought, classified using the soil moisture percentiles, are studied. Drought onset is more predictable than drought demise. It takes 5-8 months for a region to accumulate enough P deficits to begin a drought, whereas a drought demise can come within one month to one season. A few strong rainfall episodes can end drought. The preferred season for the meteorological drought onset is at the beginning of the rainy season. Even though drought has a preferred season to begin, the ratio between the onset occurring in that season and the total drought events is less than 45%. For agricultural drought, the ratio is 60% or higher for the northwestern interior states and the Southwest. Over the Southern Plains, a cold El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event occurs one season before the onset of drought. No drought events occur during the warm ENSO years. Therefore, the occurrence of a cold ENSO event can serve as an early warning for drought. For other areas influenced by ENSO, such as the lower Mississippi basin, the Ohio Valley, the Pacific Northwest, the upper Missouri basin, and the Southeast, most drought events occur during ENSO. The one-to-one correspondence between ENSO and drought is not good. For these areas, ENSO can only serve as a signal for intensive drought watch. C1 NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Mo, KC (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM kingtse.mo@noaa.gov FU NOAA (CPPA) [NA09OAR4310189] FX I wish to thank Lindsey Long for carefully reading the manuscript. The NLDAS data were obtained from the University of Washington. This project is supported by the NOAA (CPPA) grant NA09OAR4310189. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 19 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D20106 DI 10.1029/2011JD016168 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 836ZQ UT WOS:000296160100002 ER PT J AU Roh, JH Tyagi, M Briber, RM Woodson, SA Sokolov, AP AF Roh, Joon Ho Tyagi, Madhu Briber, R. M. Woodson, Sarah A. Sokolov, Alexei P. TI The Dynamics of Unfolded versus Folded tRNA: The Role of Electrostatic Interactions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PROTEIN GLASS-TRANSITION; HYDRATION-WATER DYNAMICS; PERSISTENCE LENGTH; YEAST TRNA(PHE); SIMULATIONS; FLEXIBILITY; IONS AB The dynamics of RNA contributes to its biological functions such as ligand recognition and catalysis. Using quasielastic neutron scattering spectroscopy, we show that Mg2+ greatly increases the picosecond to nanosecond dynamics of hydrated tRNA while stabilizing its folded structure. Analyses of the atomic mean-squared displacement, relaxation time, persistence length, and fraction of mobile atoms showed that unfolded tRNA is more rigid than folded tRNA. This same result was found for a sulfonated polystyrene, indicating that the increased dynamics in Mg2+ arises from improved charge screening of the polyelectrolyte rather than specific interactions with the folded tRNA. These results are opposite to the relationship between structural compactness and internal dynamics for proteins in which the folded state is more rigid than the denatured state. We conclude that RNA dynamics are strongly influenced by the electrostatic environment, in addition to the motions of local waters. C1 [Roh, Joon Ho; Tyagi, Madhu; Briber, R. M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Roh, Joon Ho; Woodson, Sarah A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, TC Jenkins Dept Biophys, Baltimore, MD USA. [Roh, Joon Ho; Tyagi, Madhu] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sokolov, Alexei P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Sokolov, Alexei P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Briber, RM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rohmio1973@gmail.com; rbriber@umd.edu; swoodson@jhu.edu RI Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012; Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; OI Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942; Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Woodson, Sarah/0000-0003-0170-1987 FU DOC-NIST [70NANB7H6177]; DOE [DE-FG02-08ER46528]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX We thank T. Sosnick for providing small-angle X-ray scattering data of tRNAPhe from which the values of persistence length were estimated. J.H.R, R.M.B., and SAW, acknowledge support from DOC-NIST through the cooperative agreement 70NANB7H6177. A.P.S. acknowledges DOE support through EPSCoR program (grant DE-FG02-08ER46528). This work used facilities at the NCNR supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 43 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 19 PY 2011 VL 133 IS 41 BP 16406 EP 16409 DI 10.1021/ja207667u PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 834XJ UT WOS:000295997500023 PM 21936532 ER PT J AU Zhang, CL Wang, M Luo, HQ Wang, MY Liu, MS Zhao, J Abernathy, DL Maier, TA Marty, K Lumsden, MD Chi, SX Chang, S Rodriguez-Rivera, JA Lynn, JW Xiang, T Hu, JP Dai, P AF Zhang, Chenglin Wang, Meng Luo, Huiqian Wang, Miaoyin Liu, Mengshu Zhao, Jun Abernathy, D. L. Maier, T. A. Marty, Karol Lumsden, M. D. Chi, Songxue Chang, Sung Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A. Lynn, J. W. Xiang, Tao Hu, Jiangping Dai, Pengcheng TI Neutron Scattering Studies of spin excitations in hole-doped Ba0.67K0.33Fe2As2 superconductor SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PAIRING SYMMETRY; IRON PNICTIDES; BA0.6K0.4FE2AS2 AB We report inelastic neutron scattering experiments on single crystals of superconducting Ba0.67K0.33Fe2As2 (T-c = 538 K). In addition to confirming the resonance previously found in powder samples, we find that spin excitations in the normal state form longitudinally elongated ellipses along the Q(AFM) direction in momentum space, consistent with density functional theory predictions. On cooling below T-c, while the resonance preserves its momentum anisotropy as expected, spin excitations at energies below the resonance become essentially isotropic in the in-plane momentum space and dramatically increase their correlation length. These results suggest that the superconducting gap structures in Ba(0.67)Ka(0.33)Fe(2)As(2) are more complicated than those suggested from angle resolved photoemission experiments. C1 [Zhang, Chenglin; Wang, Meng; Wang, Miaoyin; Liu, Mengshu; Zhao, Jun; Dai, Pengcheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wang, Meng; Luo, Huiqian; Xiang, Tao; Hu, Jiangping; Dai, Pengcheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Abernathy, D. L.; Marty, Karol; Lumsden, M. D.; Dai, Pengcheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Maier, T. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Maier, T. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chi, Songxue; Chang, Sung; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A.; Lynn, J. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chi, Songxue; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20899 USA. [Xiang, Tao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Theoret Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Hu, Jiangping] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Dai, P (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM pdai@utk.edu RI WANG, MENG/E-6595-2012; Zhao, Jun/A-2492-2010; Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/A-4872-2013; Hu, Jiangping/A-9154-2010; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Wang, Miaoyin/C-9224-2012; Liu, Mengshu/D-2764-2012; Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013; hu, jiangping /C-3320-2014; Maier, Thomas/F-6759-2012; Lumsden, Mark/F-5366-2012 OI WANG, MENG/0000-0002-8232-2331; Zhao, Jun/0000-0002-0421-8934; Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-8633-8314; Hu, Jiangping/0000-0003-4480-1734; Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153; Maier, Thomas/0000-0002-1424-9996; Lumsden, Mark/0000-0002-5472-9660 FU US Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DOE DE-FG02-05ER46202]; US Department of Energy, Division of Scientific User Facilities, Basic Energy Sciences; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672, DMR-0944772]; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences; ORNL by Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE FX This work is supported in part by the US Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science, Basic Energy Sciences, through DOE DE-FG02-05ER46202 and by the US Department of Energy, Division of Scientific User Facilities, Basic Energy Sciences. SPINS and MACS utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672 and No. DMR-0944772, respectively. The work at the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, is supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. T. A. M. would like to acknowledge support from the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at ORNL by Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE. NR 42 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 39 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD OCT 19 PY 2011 VL 1 AR 115 DI 10.1038/srep00115 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 835SQ UT WOS:000296056500001 PM 22355632 ER PT J AU Samsonov, AA Sibeck, DG Zolotova, NV Biernat, HK Chen, SH Rastaetter, L Singer, HJ Baumjohann, W AF Samsonov, A. A. Sibeck, D. G. Zolotova, N. V. Biernat, H. K. Chen, S. -H. Rastaetter, L. Singer, H. J. Baumjohann, W. TI Propagation of a sudden impulse through the magnetosphere initiating magnetospheric Pc5 pulsations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PERIOD MAGNETIC PULSATIONS; FIELD LINE RESONANCES; DAWN-DUSK ASYMMETRY; SOLAR-WIND SHOCK; BOW SHOCK; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; DIPOLE MODEL; ALFVEN WAVES; ULF WAVES AB We compare multipoint observations of an interplanetary shock's interaction with the Earth's magnetosphere on 29 July 2002 with results from global MHD simulations. The sudden impulse associated with the shock's arrival initiates global ultralow-frequency waves with periods from 2 to 5 min. We interpret four cycles of Bz oscillations with T = similar to 3 min at Geotail in the postdawn magnetosphere as radial magnetopause oscillations. GOES 8, in the same late morning sector, observed compressional and toroidal waves with the same frequency at the same time. GOES 10, in the early morning sector, observed toroidal waves with a slightly lower period. We suggest that these observations confirm the mode coupling theory. The interplanetary shock initiates compressional magnetospheric waves which, according to our estimates, oscillate between the ionosphere and magnetopause and gradually convert their energy into that of standing Alfven waves. At the same time, Polar in the outer predawn magnetosphere observed strong velocity oscillations and weak magnetic field oscillations with a similar to 4 min period. Global MHD models successfully predict these oscillations and connect them to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability which results in large flow vortices with sizes of about ten Earth radii. However, the global models do not predict the multiple compressional oscillations with the observed periods and therefore cannot readily explain the GOES observations. C1 [Samsonov, A. A.; Biernat, H. K.; Baumjohann, W.] Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria. [Samsonov, A. A.; Zolotova, N. V.] St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Earth Phys, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. [Sibeck, D. G.; Chen, S. -H.; Rastaetter, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Samsonov, AA (reprint author), Space Res Inst, Schmiedlstr 6, A-8042 Graz, Austria. EM andre.samsonov@gmail.com; david.g.sibeck@nasa.gov; ned@geo.phys.spbu.ru; helfried.biernat@oeaw.ac.at; sheng-hsien.chen@nasa.gov; lutz.rastaetter-1@nasa.gov; howard.singer@noaa.gov; baumjohann@oeaw.ac.at RI Sibeck, David/D-4424-2012; Rastaetter, Lutz/D-4715-2012; Baumjohann, Wolfgang/A-1012-2010; Samsonov, Andrey/I-7057-2012; Zolotova, Nadezhda/I-7061-2012 OI Rastaetter, Lutz/0000-0002-7343-4147; Baumjohann, Wolfgang/0000-0001-6271-0110; Samsonov, Andrey/0000-0001-8243-1151; Zolotova, Nadezhda/0000-0002-0019-2415 FU NASA FX This work was supported by NASA's Guest Investigator program. A.A.S. thanks Andriy Koval for providing the code for shock normal calculations and Prof. Victor Sergeev for valuable comments. We thank Ruth Skoug for explanations about ACE SWEPAM measurements. This research made use of Geotail data obtained from Data Archives and Transmission System (DARTS), provided by Center for Science-satellite Operation and Data Archives (C-SODA) at ISAS/JAXA. ACE data were provided by the ACE/MAG and ACE/SWEPAM instrument teams at the ACE Science Center (http://www.srl.caltech.edu/ACE/). LANL digital moments were provided by the MPA team through the Coordinated Data Analysis Web (http://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov). Simulation results have been provided by the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov) at Goddard Space Flight Center. The LFM-MIX model was developed at the Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling (CISM), the OpenGGCM was developed at the University of New Hampshire, and the SWMF was developed at the University of Michigan. We have studied the runs Andrey_Samsonov_082310_2, Andrey_Samsonov_101510_1, Andrey_Samsonov_020811_1, Andrey_Samsonov_021011_1, and Andrey_Samsonov022211_1. NR 59 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 18 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A10216 DI 10.1029/2011JA016706 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 836ZB UT WOS:000296157800006 ER PT J AU Yanez-Vilar, S Mun, ED Zapf, VS Ueland, BG Gardner, JS Thompson, JD Singleton, J Sanchez-Andujar, M Mira, J Biskup, N Senaris-Rodriguez, MA Batista, CD AF Yanez-Vilar, S. Mun, E. D. Zapf, V. S. Ueland, B. G. Gardner, J. S. Thompson, J. D. Singleton, J. Sanchez-Andujar, M. Mira, J. Biskup, N. Senaris-Rodriguez, M. A. Batista, C. D. TI Multiferroic behavior in the double-perovskite Lu2MnCoO6 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION AB We present Lu2MnCoO6, a multiferroic member of the double perovskites that we have investigated using x-ray and neutron diffraction, specific heat, magnetization, electric polarization, and dielectric constant measurements. This material possesses a net electric polarization strongly coupled to a net magnetization below 35 K, despite the antiferromagnetic ordering of the S = 3/2 Mn4+ and Co2+ spins in an up arrow up arrow down arrow down arrow configuration along the c direction. We discuss the magnetic order in terms of a condensation of domain boundaries between up arrow up arrow and down arrow down arrow ferromagnetic domains, with each domain boundary producing an electric polarization due to spatial inversion symmetry breaking. In an applied magnetic field the domain boundaries slide, controlling the size of the magnetization, electric polarization, and magnetoelectric coupling. C1 [Yanez-Vilar, S.; Sanchez-Andujar, M.; Senaris-Rodriguez, M. A.] Univ A Coruna, Dept Quim Fundamental, E-15071 La Coruna, Spain. [Mun, E. D.; Zapf, V. S.; Singleton, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab NHMFL Mat Phys & Appli, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ueland, B. G.; Thompson, J. D.] LANL, MPA CMMS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN USA. [Mira, J.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Fis Aplicada, E-15782 Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Biskup, N.] Inst Ciencia Mat, Dept Tecnol Informac, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Batista, C. D.] LANL, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yanez-Vilar, S (reprint author), Univ A Coruna, Dept Quim Fundamental, E-15071 La Coruna, Spain. RI Ueland, Benjamin/B-2312-2008; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Zapf, Vivien/K-5645-2013; Biskup, Neven/N-2132-2014; Mira, Jorge/F-9077-2016; Senaris-Rodriguez, M./L-1400-2014; Batista, Cristian/J-8008-2016; OI Ueland, Benjamin/0000-0001-9784-6595; Zapf, Vivien/0000-0002-8375-4515; Biskup, Neven/0000-0003-0309-0737; Mira, Jorge/0000-0002-6024-6294; Senaris-Rodriguez, M./0000-0002-0117-6855; Yanez, Susana/0000-0002-0314-8567 FU US National Science Foundation [DMR901624]; State of Florida; US Department of Energy; Department of Energy [20100043DR]; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion MICINN (Spain); European Union [FEDER MAT 2010-21342-C02] FX Work at the NHMFL was supported by the US National Science Foundation through Cooperative Grant No. DMR901624, the State of Florida, and the US Department of Energy. Measurements at LANL were also supported by the Department of Energy's Laboratory Directed Research and Development program under Project No. 20100043DR. Work in Spain was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion MICINN (Spain) and the European Union under Project No. FEDER MAT 2010-21342-C02. We wish to thank the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility for provision of synchrotron radiation facilities, and M. Brunelli for his assistance in using beamline ID31. We wish to thank NCNR for providing neutron-scattering facilities and Mark Green for his valuable assistance in collecting data. NR 24 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 5 U2 58 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 18 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 13 AR 134427 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.134427 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 838KQ UT WOS:000296289500009 ER PT J AU Paynter, DJ Ramaswamy, V AF Paynter, D. J. Ramaswamy, V. TI An assessment of recent water vapor continuum measurements upon longwave and shortwave radiative transfer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL-LINE PARAMETERS; CLIMATE MODELS; ATMOSPHERIC ABSORPTION; RADIANCE; CM(-1); CODES; BAND; H2O; SENSITIVITY; DATABASE AB Recent measurements of the water vapor continuum have been combined to form an empirical continuum termed the BPS continuum model. This covers the 800 to 7500 cm(-1) spectral region for the self continuum and most of the major absorbing spectral regions between 240 and 7300 cm(-1) for the foreign continuum. Longwave (i.e., absorption/emission of terrestrial radiation between 1 and 3000 cm(-1)) and shortwave (i.e., using solar radiation as a source and considering atmospheric absorption between 1000 and 17000 cm(-1)) line by line (LBL) radiative transfer calculations have been performed for clear-sky conditions in three standard test atmospheres using line data from the HITRAN database. This has allowed BPS to be compared to the commonly used CKD and MT CKD continuum models, in addition to conducting a more detailed investigation of the separate roles of the self and foreign continua than previously provided in the literature. Using uncertainties obtained from multiple experimental studies it has been possible to estimate the upper and lower limits of the effects due to the continuum in many spectral regions. The outgoing longwave radiation in a midlatitude-summer (MLS) atmosphere calculated by all three continuum models agree to within 0.6 Wm(-2) with a +/- 1.1 Wm(-2) estimated uncertainty. The corresponding values for surface downwelling radiation are 1.3 Wm(-2) +/- 2.5 Wm(-2). For shortwave absorption, the different models agree within 1.0%, with an estimated uncertainty of +/- 1.7%. However, the three models differ in the amount by which the self and foreign continua contribute to shortwave absorption. C1 [Paynter, D. J.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Ramaswamy, V.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Paynter, DJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM dpaynter@princeton.edu NR 37 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 18 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D20302 DI 10.1029/2010JD015505 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 836ZN UT WOS:000296159800002 ER PT J AU Klein, RJ Fischer, DA Lenhart, JL AF Klein, Robert J. Fischer, Daniel A. Lenhart, Joseph L. TI Thermal and Mechanical Aging of Self-Assembled Monolayers as Studied by Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CONTACT-ANGLE; MEMS; FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; SYSTEMS; NEXAFS; DEGRADATION AB Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) enable significant changes in the surface energy and/or specific interactions of surfaces, which are desirable for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), superhydrophobic coatings, sensors, and other applications. However, SAMs often exhibit poor durability and rapid degradation upon mechanical, thermal, or moisture exposure. The chemical and orientational changes in SAMs due to mechanical and thermal degradation were investigated using near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and the water contact angle. SAMs were based on unfluorinated or fluorinated linear hydrocarbons that form highly oriented and densely packed structures on silicon substrates. Complex chemical and orientational changes were observed via NEXAFS following degradation. Under heating in a dry, oxygen-rich environment, unfluorinated SAMs tended to cleave at C-C bonds on the main chain; below 250 degrees C, CH(3) groups were sequentially cleaved toward the surface, whereas above 250 degrees C, remaining hydrocarbon groups were converted to a graphitic coating dominated by C=C bonds. Under similar conditions, fluorinated SAMs began their chemical degradation at 350 degrees C and above, although the orientation decreased steadily from 150 to 300 degrees C; at and above 350 degrees C, the preferential removal of F occurred and the SAM was slowly converted to a graphitic layer. By contrast, under vacuum the fluorinated molecules were very thermally stable, showing good stability up to 550 degrees C; when degradation occurred, entire molecules were removed. Mechanical degradation followed two routes; both unfluorinated and fluorinated SAMs that were mechanically rubbed with smooth surfaces exhibited severe chemical degradation of the molecules, leading to an amorphous and poorly defined layer with C=C, C-C, C-H, and C-F bonds. Unfluorinated and fluorinated surfaces that were mechanically rubbed in the presence of free silicon particulates showed the rapid and complete destruction of both the molecular orientation and the protective SAM layer, even for short exposure periods. The resulting NEXAFS spectra were very similar to those produced by heating to 550 degrees C, suggesting that the friction created by granular particles may lead to extreme local heating. C1 [Klein, Robert J.] Luna Innovat Inc, Mat Syst Grp, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Klein, Robert J.; Lenhart, Joseph L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lenhart, Joseph L.] USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Mat & Mfg Sci Div,Macromol Sci & Technol Branch, Aberdeen, MD USA. RP Klein, RJ (reprint author), Luna Innovat Inc, Mat Syst Grp, Charlottesville, VA USA. EM kleinr@lunainnovations.com; joseph.l.lenhart.civ@mail.mil FU Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was initiated by R.J.K. and J.L.L. at Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, and is being continued by J.L.L. at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Special thanks to Chem Jaye for assistance with the NEXAFS instrumentation at Brookhaven and Mike Dugger at Sandia for discussions regarding MEMS antistiction coatings. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 18 PY 2011 VL 27 IS 20 BP 12423 EP 12433 DI 10.1021/la202294f PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 830OD UT WOS:000295665400024 PM 21863831 ER PT J AU Lu, HY Akgun, B Wei, XY Li, L Satija, SK Russell, TP AF Lu, Haiyun Akgun, Bulent Wei, Xinyu Li, Le Satija, Sushil K. Russell, Thomas P. TI Temperature-Triggered Micellization of Block Copolymers on an Ionic Liquid Surface SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; THIN-FILMS; NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY; AIR/WATER INTERFACE; MATERIALS SCIENCE; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; X-RAY; MICELLES; AGGREGATION AB In situ neutron reflectivity was used to study thermally induced structural changes of the lamellae-forming polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) block copolymer thin films floating on the surface of an ionic liquid (IL). The IL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, is a nonsolvent for PS and a temperature-tunable solvent for P2VP, and, as such, micellization can be induced at the air-IL interface by changing the temperature. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning force microscopy were used to investigate the resultant morphologies of the micellar films. It was found that highly ordered nanostructures consisting of spherical micelles with a PS core surrounded by a P2VP corona were produced. In addition, bilayer films of PS homopolymer on top of a PS-b-P2VP layer also underwent micellization with increasing temperature but the micellization was strongly dependent on the thickness of the PS and PS-b-P2VP layers. C1 [Lu, Haiyun; Wei, Xinyu; Li, Le; Russell, Thomas P.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Akgun, Bulent; Satija, Sushil K.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Russell, TP (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM Russell@mail.pse.umass.edu RI Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011; Li, Le/C-6130-2013 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Basic Energy Science; NSF [DMR-0213695]; DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science FX This work is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Basic Energy Science and NSF-supported Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (DMR-0213695) at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst. Use of the Advanced Light Source, Berkeley National Laboratory, was supported by the DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 18 PY 2011 VL 27 IS 20 BP 12443 EP 12450 DI 10.1021/la2024988 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 830OD UT WOS:000295665400026 PM 21882880 ER PT J AU Javvaji, V Baradwaj, AG Payne, GF Raghavan, SR AF Javvaji, Vishal Baradwaj, Aditya G. Payne, Gregory F. Raghavan, Srinivasa R. TI Light-Activated Ionic Gelation of Common Biopolymers SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ALGINATE HYDROGELS; PHOTORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CALCIUM; SALTS; GELS; BIOMATERIALS; TRANSITION; SCATTERING; VISCOSITY AB Biopolymers such as alginate and pectin are well known for their ability to undergo gelation upon addition of multivalent cations such as calcium (Ca2+). Here, we report a simple way to activate such ionic gelation by UV irradiation. Our approach involves combining an insoluble salt of the cation (e.g., calcium carbonate, CaCO3) with an aqueous solution of the polymer (e.g., alginate) along with a third component, a photo acid generator (PAG). Upon UV irradiation, the PAG dissociates to release H+ ions, which react with the CaCO3 to generate free Ca2+. In turn, the Ca2+ ions cross-link the alginate chains into a physical network, thereby resulting in a hydrogel. Dynamic Theological experiments confirm the elastic character of the alginate gel, and the gel modulus is shown to be tunable via the irradiation time as well as the PAG and alginate concentrations. The above approach is easily extended to other biopolymers such as pectin. Using this approach, a photoresponse can be imparted to conventional biopolymers without the need for any chemical modification of the molecules. Photoresponsive alginate gels may be useful in creating biomaterials or tissue mimics. As a step toward potential applications, we demonstrate the ability to photopattern a thin film of alginate gel onto a glass substrate under mild conditions. C1 [Javvaji, Vishal; Baradwaj, Aditya G.; Raghavan, Srinivasa R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Payne, Gregory F.; Raghavan, Srinivasa R.] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Payne, Gregory F.] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res IBBR, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Raghavan, SR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM sraghava@umd.edu FU NSF [CBET-1034215]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [BO085PO008]; Office of Naval Research [N000141010446] FX This work was partially funded by grants from the NSF (CBET-1034215), the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (BO085PO008), and the Office of Naval Research (N000141010446). We acknowledge John Abrahams from the FabLab at UMD for assistance with the photopatterning studies. We also acknowledge the assistance provided by undergraduate student Karen Dunford in performing some of the experiments. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 18 PY 2011 VL 27 IS 20 BP 12591 EP 12596 DI 10.1021/la201860s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 830OD UT WOS:000295665400043 PM 21800827 ER PT J AU Munroe, TA Tyler, J Tunnicliffe, V AF Munroe, Thomas A. Tyler, Jennifer Tunnicliffe, Verena TI Description and biological observations on a new species of deepwater symphurine tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae: Symphurus) collected at Volcano-19, Tonga Arc, West Pacific Ocean SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE taxonomy; deep-sea flatfish; tongue sole; hydrothermal vents; volcanic arcs; seamounts; reversed asymmetry; species description; ocelli AB Symphurus maculopinnis n. sp., described on a single specimen (USNM 398820; 84.4 mm SL), was collected by a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) exploring a hydrothermal vent area located at 561 m on Volcano-19, Tonga Arc, West Pacific (24 degrees 48.439' S, 177 degrees 0.009' W). This new species is distinctive and readily diagnosed from congeners by the following combination of characters: 1-2-2-2-1 pattern of interdigitation of dorsal proximal pterygiophores and neural spines (ID pattern), 14 caudal-fin rays, 3+6 abdominal vertebrae, 49 total vertebrae, 89 scales in a longitudinal row, 92 dorsal-fin rays, 77 anal-fin rays, blunt squarish snout, thick blind-side lips with conspicuous plicae, and conspicuous ocellated (sometimes partially) spots on posterior dorsal and anal fins. Among Symphurus, only S. ocellatus von Bonde, collected at deepwater locations off East Africa, features a similar ID pattern, 14 caudal-fin rays and spots on the posterior dorsal and anal fins. Symphurus maculopinnis differs distinctly from S. ocellatus in its lower and non-overlapping meristic features (49 vs. 54-56 total vertebrae; 92 vs. 97-103 dorsal-fin rays; and 77 vs. 85-89 anal-fin rays), its squarish (vs. pointed) snout, and thick, plicated blind-side lower lip (vs. thin, non-plicated blind-side lower lip). Additional specimens (N= 56) of S. maculopinnis observed and filmed in situ near active venting sites located between ca. 433-561 m on Volcano-19 provide the basis for behavioral and ecological information recorded for the species. Videotapes reveal one individual of S. maculopinnis featuring reversed (dextral) asymmetry from that typical (sinistral) for members of the Cynoglossidae. Specimens with reversed asymmetry are relatively rare in this family and this S. maculopinnis represents only the second known reversed individual among the approximately 42 species of deep-sea (> 200 m) Symphurus. C1 [Munroe, Thomas A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Systemat Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Tyler, Jennifer; Tunnicliffe, Verena] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. RP Munroe, TA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Systemat Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,WC-57,MRC-153, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM munroet@si.edu; jentyler24@gmail.com; verenat@uvic.ca RI Tunnicliffe, Verena/D-1056-2014 FU NSERC Canada FX L. Willis provided radiographs of the holotype and L. Willis and M. Nizinski provided radiographs of specimens used in the comparisons. J. Clayton and D. Smith assisted with accessioning and cataloguing the holotype. J. Rose compiled the videotape of specimens filmed in situ at Volcano-19 and provided field data associated with the holotype; C. Marzec and M. Benson assisted with publishing and archiving the tonguefish video to the Smithsonian Institution's Ocean Portal website; C. Ames assisted with making video grabs from video tapes. S. Raredon provided photographs of the holotype. Appreciation is extended to curators and collection staff who provided assistance locating specimens, providing catalogue information, or who arranged for loan of specimens used in this study. We acknowledge the field team who collected and filmed this species during the SO192-2 MANGO Expedition, particularly S. K. Juniper and C. Stevens; expedition co-chiefs were U. Schwarz-Schampera and M. Hannington with R/V Sonne and ROV ROPOS. Collection of this specimen was made possible by funding provided to V. Tunnicliffe by NSERC Canada. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD OCT 18 PY 2011 IS 3061 BP 53 EP 66 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 833ZY UT WOS:000295926300003 ER PT J AU Rajauria, S Ozsun, O Lawall, J Yakhot, V Ekinci, KL AF Rajauria, S. Ozsun, O. Lawall, J. Yakhot, V. Ekinci, K. L. TI Porous Superhydrophobic Membranes: Hydrodynamic Anomaly in Oscillating Flows SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYDROPHOBIC SURFACES; WATER-REPELLENT; CANTILEVERS; LIQUID AB We have fabricated and characterized a novel superhydrophobic system, a meshlike porous superhydrophobic membrane with solid area fraction Phi(s), which can maintain intimate contact with outside air and water reservoirs simultaneously. Oscillatory hydrodynamic measurements on porous superhydrophobic membranes as a function of Phi(s) reveal surprising effects. The hydrodynamic mass oscillating in phase with the membranes stays constant for 0.9 less than or similar to Phi(s) <= 1, but drops precipitously for Phi(s) < 0.9. The viscous friction shows a similar drop after a slow initial decrease proportional to Phi(s). We attribute these effects to the percolation of a stable Knudsen layer of air at the interface. C1 [Rajauria, S.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rajauria, S.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ozsun, O.; Yakhot, V.; Ekinci, K. L.] Boston Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Lawall, J.] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rajauria, S (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ekinci@bu.edu RI Ekinci, Kamil/A-1215-2009 FU US NSF [ECCS-0643178, CBET-0755927, CMMI-0970071] FX The authors thank L. Chen and G. Holland for technical assistance, and J. A. Liddle and V. Aksyuk for fruitful discussions. Support from the US NSF (through Grants No. ECCS-0643178, No. CBET-0755927, and No. CMMI-0970071) is acknowledged. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 17 PY 2011 VL 107 IS 17 AR 174501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.174501 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 839NI UT WOS:000296373600015 PM 22107522 ER PT J AU Hudgens, JW Pettibone, JM Senftle, TP Bratton, RN AF Hudgens, Jeffrey W. Pettibone, John M. Senftle, Thomas P. Bratton, Ryan N. TI Reaction Mechanism Governing Formation of 1,3-Bis(diphenylphosphino)propane-Protected Gold Nanoclusters SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-STRUCTURE; ELECTROSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BRUST-SCHIFFRIN REACTION; CLUSTER COMPOUNDS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; SODIUM-BOROHYDRIDE; SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; NANOPARTICLE GROWTH; UNDECAGOLD CLUSTERS AB This report outlines the determination of a reaction mechanism that can be manipulated to develop directed syntheses of gold monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs) prepared by reduction of solutions containing 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (L-3) ligand and Au(PPh3)Cl. Nanocluster synthesis was initiated by reduction of two-coordinate phosphine-ligated [(AuLL)-L-I'](+) complexes (L, L' = PPh3, L-3), resulting in free radical complexes. The [(AuLL)-L-0'](center dot) free radicals nucleated, forming a broad size distribution of ligated clusters. Timed UV-vis spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry monitored the ligated Au-x, 6 <= x <= 13, clusters, which comprise reaction intermediates and final products. By employing different solvents and reducing agents, reaction conditions were varied to highlight the largest portion of the reaction mechanism. We identified several solution-phase reaction classes, including dissolution of the gold precursor, reduction, continuous nucleation/ core growth, ligand exchange, ion molecule reactions, and etching of colloids and larger clusters. Simple theories can account for the reaction intermediates and final products. The initial distribution of the nucleation products contains mainly neutral clusters. However, the rate of reduction controls the amount of reaction overlap occurring in the system, allowing a clear distinction between reduction/nucleation and subsequent solution-phase During solution-phase processing, the complexes undergo core etching and core growth reactions, including reactions that convert neutral clusters to cations, in a cyclic process that promotes formation of stable clusters of specific metal nudearity. These processes comprise "size-selective" processing that can narrow a broad distribution into specific nuclearities, enabling development of tunable syntheses. C1 [Hudgens, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pettibone, John M.; Senftle, Thomas P.; Bratton, Ryan N.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hudgens, JW (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Jeffrey.hudgens@nist.gov OI Senftle, Thomas/0000-0002-5889-5009 FU National Academy of Science's National Research Council; NIST FX We thank Dr. Denis E. Bergeron for advice and help with experiments involving the aerated solutions. We thank Dr. James Falabella for advice and help with the sedimentation experiments. J.M.P. acknowledges the National Academy of Science's National Research Council for a postdoctoral fellowship. T.S. and R.B. acknowledge their support from the NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship program. NR 100 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD OCT 17 PY 2011 VL 50 IS 20 BP 10178 EP 10189 DI 10.1021/ic2018506 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 829RR UT WOS:000295602500051 PM 21928777 ER PT J AU Tewary, VK AF Tewary, V. K. TI Phenomenological interatomic potentials for silicon, germanium and their binary alloy SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE Interatomic potential; Lattice statics modeling; Modified embedded atom model; Germanium; Silicon; Silicon germanium binary alloy ID EMBEDDED-ATOM POTENTIALS; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; STRAIN; NANOSTRUCTURES; SCATTERING; VACANCY; SIGE AB A phenomenological potential is constructed for silicon, germanium, and their binary alloy. As in the modified embedded atom model (MEAM), the interatomic interactions are assumed to arise from the overlap of the electron wave functions. However, the calculation of energy is quite different in the two models. The proposed potential has seven adjustable parameters in contrast to ten or more in MEAM but gives perfect fit with the measured values of seven most important quantities for characterizing strained silicon: cohesive energy, equilibrium lattice constant, vacancy formation energy, Raman frequency, and the three elastic constants. The potential should be suitable for lattice statics calculations on strained silicon. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Tewary, VK (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tewary@boulder.nist.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD OCT 17 PY 2011 VL 375 IS 43 BP 3811 EP 3816 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2011.08.054 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 837MX UT WOS:000296209000013 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Czapla-Myers, J Lyapustin, A Thome, K Dutton, EG AF Wang, Y. Czapla-Myers, J. Lyapustin, A. Thome, K. Dutton, E. G. TI AERONET-based surface reflectance validation network (ASRVN) data evaluation: Case study for railroad valley calibration site SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE AERONET-based Surface Reflectance; Validation Network; Atmospheric Correction; BRF; HDRF; Surface Reflectance; Surface Albedo; AERONET; Validation; MODIS ID MODIS-LAI PRODUCT; VICARIOUS CALIBRATION; MULTISCALE ANALYSIS; ALBEDO; ALGORITHM; BRDF AB The AERONET-based Surface Reflectance Validation Network (ASRVN) is an operational processing system developed for validation of satellite derived surface reflectance products at regional and global scales. The ASRVN receives 50 x 50 km(2) subsets of MODIS data centered at AERONET sites along with AERONET aerosol and water vapor data, and performs an atmospheric correction. The ASRVN produces surface bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF), albedo, parameters of the Ross-Thick Li-Sparse (RTLS) BRF model, as well as Hemispherical-Directional Reflectance Factor (HDRF), which is required for comparison with the ground-based measurements. This paper presents a comparison of ASRVN HDRF with the ground-based HDRF measurements collected during 2001-2008 over a bright calibration Railroad Valley, Nevada site as part of the MODIS land validation program. The ground measurements were conducted by the Remote Sensing Group (RSG) at the University of Arizona using an ASD spectrometer. The study reveals a good agreement between ASRVN and RSG HDRF for both MODIS Terra and Aqua with rmse -0.01-0.025 in the 500 m MODIS land bands B1-B7. Obtained rinse is below uncertainties due to the spatial and seasonal variability of the bright calibration 1 km(2) area. While two MODIS instruments have a similar rmse in the visible bands, MODIS Aqua has a better agreement (lower arise) with the ground data than MODIS Terra at wavelengths 0.87-2.1 mu m. An independent overall good agreement of two MODIS instruments with the ground data indicates that the relative calibration of MODIS Terra and Aqua at medium-to-bright reflectance levels for the stated time period is significantly better than uncertainties of the ASRVN and ground data. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Y.; Lyapustin, A.; Thome, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wang, Y.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, GEST Ctr, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. [Czapla-Myers, J.] Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Remote Sensing Grp, Tucson, AZ USA. [Dutton, E. G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 614-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM yujie.wang@nasa.gov RI Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012; Lyapustin, Alexei/H-9924-2014; OI Lyapustin, Alexei/0000-0003-1105-5739; Czapla-Myers, Jeffrey/0000-0003-4804-5358 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT 17 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 10 BP 2710 EP 2717 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2011.06.011 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 809EF UT WOS:000294033900024 ER PT J AU Kastelle, CR Helser, TE Black, BA Stuckey, MJ Gillespie, DC McArthur, J Little, D Charles, KD Khan, RS AF Kastelle, Craig R. Helser, Thomas E. Black, Bryan A. Stuckey, Matthew J. Gillespie, Darlene C. McArthur, Judy Little, Diana Charles, Karen D. Khan, Reziah S. TI Bomb-produced radiocarbon validation of growth-increment crossdating allows marine paleoclimate reconstruction SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pacific geoduck; Panopea generosa; Age determination; Shell growth-increment counts; Crossdating; Bomb-produced radiocarbon; Bayesian models ID ROCKFISH SEBASTES-RUBERRIMUS; CLIMATE-DRIVEN SYNCHRONY; GEODUCK PANOPEA-ABRUPTA; AGE VALIDATION; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ARCTICA-ISLANDICA; STABLE-ISOTOPES; OTOLITHS; FISH AB The bivalve Pacific geoduck (Panopea generosa) has been used in the eastern North Pacific Ocean to create proxies for environmental factors such as temperature and oceanographic conditions. This type of research depends upon accurate age determination of Pacific geoducks, which historically was based on shell growth-increment counts. A recent study comparing age estimates generated by the dendrochronology (tree-ring science) procedure of crossdating to those estimated from growth-increment counts found a significant difference between the methods for geoduck older than 30 years. Compared to the traditional age determination method of counting growth increments, the crossdating method estimates a greater longevity in this species, with some individuals living in excess of 150 years. In the present study, the accuracy of each method was independently assessed using bomb-produced radiocarbon (C-14) techniques. Specimens whose birth years were estimated to be within the era of the bomb-produced marine C-14 increase and where the differences between ages estimated by the two methods were greatest were selected for C-14 analysis. The difference between age estimates from traditional growth-increment counts and those from crossdating was evaluated using their respective C-14 chronologies in comparisons to a reference chronology as a standard. The comparisons relied on Bayesian nonlinear models using Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation. This method of analysis showed that with a 50% probability geoducks were aged correctly when using the crossdating method, compared to the growth increment counts which had a 50% probability of underestimating the age by 4 years. Therefore, the crossdated age estimates were found to be more accurate than increment counts. Furthermore, these results provide new confidence in using Pacific geoduck biochronologies for paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kastelle, Craig R.; Helser, Thomas E.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Black, Bryan A.; Stuckey, Matthew J.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Gillespie, Darlene C.; McArthur, Judy; Little, Diana; Charles, Karen D.; Khan, Reziah S.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. RP Kastelle, CR (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM craig.kastelle@noaa.gov; thomas.helser@noaa.gov; bryan.black@oregonstate.edu; mstuckey@ucdavis.edu; darlene.gillespie@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; judy.mcarthur@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; diana.little@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; karen.charles@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; reziahkhan@dfo-mpo.gc.ca RI Black, Bryan/A-7057-2009 FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA; Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada FX This work was completed with funding and support from the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA. We thank the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for providing the 14C analysis. Special thanks to Shayne MacLellen and Claudia Hand at the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada, for support and generously supplying the specimens. We thank David A. Somerton, Anne B. Hollowed, and Mary E. Matta for very useful editorial comments on early versions of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 311 IS 1-2 BP 126 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.08.015 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 859LJ UT WOS:000297877600012 ER PT J AU Lack, DA Cappa, CD Langridge, J Bahreini, R Buffaloe, G Brock, C Cerully, K Coffman, D Hayden, K Holloway, J Lerner, B Massoli, P Li, SM McLaren, R Middlebrook, AM Moore, R Nenes, A Nuaaman, I Onasch, TB Peischl, J Perring, A Quinn, PK Ryerson, T Schwartz, JP Spackman, R Wofsy, SC Worsnop, D Xiang, B Williams, E AF Lack, Daniel A. Cappa, Christopher D. Langridge, Justin Bahreini, Roya Buffaloe, Gina Brock, Charles Cerully, Kate Coffman, Derek Hayden, Katherine Holloway, John Lerner, Brian Massoli, Paola Li, Shao-Meng McLaren, Robert Middlebrook, Ann M. Moore, Richard Nenes, Athanasios Nuaaman, Ibraheem Onasch, Timothy B. Peischl, Jeff Perring, Anne Quinn, Patricia K. Ryerson, Tom Schwartz, Joshua P. Spackman, Ryan Wofsy, Steven C. Worsnop, Doug Xiang, Bin Williams, Eric TI Impact of Fuel Quality Regulation and Speed Reductions on Shipping Emissions: Implications for Climate and Air Quality SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL CHARACTERIZATION; SHIPS; PARAMETER; PARTICLES; ENGINE AB Atmospheric emissions of gas and particulate matter from a large ocean-going container vessel were sampled as it slowed and switched from high-sulfur to low-sulfur fuel as it transited into regulated coastal waters of California. Reduction in emission factors (EFs) of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), particulate matter, particulate sulfate and cloud condensation nuclei were substantial (>= 90%). EFs for particulate organic matter decreased by 70%. Black carbon (BC) EFs were reduced by 41%. When the measured emission reductions, brought about by compliance with the California fuel quality regulation and participation in the vessel speed reduction (VSR) program, are placed in a broader context, warming from reductions in the indirect effect of SO(4) would dominate any radiative changes due to the emissions changes. Within regulated waters absolute emission reductions exceed 88% for almost all measured gas and particle phase species. The analysis presented provides direct estimations of the emissions reductions that can be realized by California fuel quality regulation and VSR program, in addition to providing new information relevant to potential health and climate impact of reduced fuel sulfur content, fuel quality and vessel speed reductions. C1 [Lack, Daniel A.; Langridge, Justin; Bahreini, Roya; Brock, Charles; Holloway, John; Lerner, Brian; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Peischl, Jeff; Perring, Anne; Ryerson, Tom; Schwartz, Joshua P.; Spackman, Ryan; Williams, Eric] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Lack, Daniel A.; Langridge, Justin; Bahreini, Roya; Lerner, Brian; Peischl, Jeff; Perring, Anne; Schwartz, Joshua P.; Spackman, Ryan; Williams, Eric] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cappa, Christopher D.; Buffaloe, Gina] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cerully, Kate; Moore, Richard; Nenes, Athanasios] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Coffman, Derek; Quinn, Patricia K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hayden, Katherine; Li, Shao-Meng; Nuaaman, Ibraheem] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Massoli, Paola; Onasch, Timothy B.; Worsnop, Doug] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [McLaren, Robert; Nuaaman, Ibraheem] York Univ, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Xiang, Bin] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lack, DA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM daniel.lack@noaa.gov RI schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; McLaren, Robert/F-5431-2011; Moore, Richard/E-9653-2010; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Xiang, Bin/E-8034-2012; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Xiang, Bin/M-2812-2013; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010 OI schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; FU NOAAs Climate Program [NA09OAR4310124, NA09AR4310125]; California Air Resources Board, US EPA [RD834558]; Canadian Federal Government [C12.007]; NSERC FX Thanks to the support of the Maersk Line (in particular Lee Kindberg and Wayne Tober) and the crew and support staff of the WP-3D research aircraft and the R/V Atlantis. Thanks also to James Corbett for useful discussions. This work was funded in part by NOAAs Climate Program (NA09OAR4310124, NA09AR4310125), California Air Resources Board, US EPA (RD834558), Canadian Federal Government (PERD Project C12.007) and NSERC. NR 47 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 20 BP 9052 EP 9060 DI 10.1021/es2013424 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 831BU UT WOS:000295704500062 PM 21910443 ER PT J AU Hu, YH Chan, EP Vlassak, JJ Suo, ZG AF Hu, Yuhang Chan, Edwin P. Vlassak, Joost J. Suo, Zhigang TI Poroelastic relaxation indentation of thin layers of gels SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC PROPERTIES; CONTACT MECHANICS; DRUG-DELIVERY; HYDROGEL; SUBSTRATE; NANOINDENTATION; HARDNESS; MODULUS; FILMS AB We develop a method of poroelastic relaxation indentation (PRI) to characterize thin layers of gels. The solution to the time-dependent boundary-value problem is obtained in a remarkably simple form, so that the force-relaxation curve obtained by indenting a gel readily determines all the poroelastic constants of the gel-the shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, and the effective diffusivity. The method is demonstrated with a layer of polydimethylsiloxane immersed in heptane. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3647758] C1 [Hu, Yuhang; Vlassak, Joost J.; Suo, Zhigang] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chan, Edwin P.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hu, YH (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM suo@seas.harvard.edu RI Suo, Zhigang/B-1067-2008; Hu, Yuhang/E-5378-2010 OI Suo, Zhigang/0000-0002-4068-4844; Hu, Yuhang/0000-0002-2274-4903 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0800161]; Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative [W911NF-09-1-0476]; Materials Research Science and Engineering Center at Harvard University [DMR-0820484]; National Research Council FX This work is supported by the National Science Foundation (CMMI-0800161), the Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (W911NF-09-1-0476), and the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center at Harvard University (DMR-0820484). EPC thank the National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. This manuscript is an official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 110 IS 8 AR 086103 DI 10.1063/1.3647758 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 841NU UT WOS:000296519900175 ER PT J AU Lysaght, PS Woicik, JC Huang, J Oh, J Min, BG Kirsch, PD AF Lysaght, Patrick S. Woicik, Joseph C. Huang, Jeff Oh, Jungwoo Min, Byoung-Gi Kirsch, Paul D. TI Process driven oxygen redistribution and control in Si0.7Ge0.3/HfO2/TaN gate stack film systems SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GESI STRAINED LAYERS; WET OXIDATION; SIGE; PHOTOEMISSION; INTERFACE; SI1-XGEX; KINETICS; SILICON; OXIDES; DRY AB Bulk and surface sensitive photoemission core line spectra have been acquired for Si and Ge following each step in the process sequence of Si0.7Ge0.3/2 nm HfO2/2.5 nm TaN/950 degrees C gate stack film systems. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure measurements have confirmed Ge segregation and pileup to form a Ge-rich layer at the SiGe surface during Si oxidation. Transmission electron micrograph cross-sections with electron energy loss element profiles have verified the effectiveness of plasma nitridation for restricting SiGe oxidation and achieving <1 nm equivalent oxide thickness with gate leakage current density equivalent to that of Si substrates without the necessity of a Si cap for oxidation control. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3651519] C1 [Lysaght, Patrick S.; Huang, Jeff; Oh, Jungwoo; Min, Byoung-Gi; Kirsch, Paul D.] SEMATECH, Austin, TX 78741 USA. [Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lysaght, PS (reprint author), SEMATECH, 2706 Montopolis Dr, Austin, TX 78741 USA. EM pat.lysaght@sematech.org FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 110 IS 8 AR 084107 DI 10.1063/1.3651519 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 841NU UT WOS:000296519900113 ER PT J AU Neely, TW Johnson, TA Diddams, SA AF Neely, Tyler W. Johnson, Todd A. Diddams, Scott A. TI High-power broadband laser source tunable from 3.0 mu m to 4.4 mu m based on a femtosecond Yb:fiber oscillator SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY COMB; FIBER OSCILLATOR; GENERATION; PULSES AB We describe a tunable broadband mid-IR laser source based on difference-frequency mixing of a 100 MHz femtosecond Yb:fiber laser oscillator and a Raman-shifted soliton generated with the same laser. The resulting light is tunable over 3.0 mu m to 4.4 mu m, with a FWHM bandwidth of 170 nm and maximum average output power up to 125 mW. The noise and coherence properties of this source are also investigated and described. C1 [Neely, Tyler W.; Johnson, Todd A.; Diddams, Scott A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Neely, TW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Mail Stop 847,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tneely@nist.gov; scott.diddams@nist.gov RI Neely, Tyler/A-5015-2013; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 OI Neely, Tyler/0000-0002-5691-4982; FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); United States Department of Homeland Security's Science and Technology Directorate FX We thank M. Hirano, Y. Kobayashi, I. Hartl, L. Nugent-Glandorf, and F. Adler for their contributions and helpful comments. This work was funded by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the United States Department of Homeland Security's Science and Technology Directorate. As a contribution of NIST, an agency of the US government, this work is not subject to copyright in the US. NR 15 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 21 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 36 IS 20 BP 4020 EP 4022 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 842CA UT WOS:000296563400023 PM 22002372 ER PT J AU Teixeira, J Cardoso, S Bonazzola, M Cole, J DelGenio, A DeMott, C Franklin, C Hannay, C Jakob, C Jiao, Y Karlsson, J Kitagawa, H Kohler, M Kuwano-Yoshida, A LeDrian, C Li, J Lock, A Miller, MJ Marquet, P Martins, J Mechoso, CR Meijgaard, EV Meinke, I Miranda, PMA Mironov, D Neggers, R Pan, HL Randall, DA Rasch, PJ Rockel, B Rossow, WB Ritter, B Siebesma, AP Soares, PMM Turk, FJ Vaillancourt, PA Von Engeln, A Zhao, M AF Teixeira, J. Cardoso, S. Bonazzola, M. Cole, J. DelGenio, A. DeMott, C. Franklin, C. Hannay, C. Jakob, C. Jiao, Y. Karlsson, J. Kitagawa, H. Koehler, M. Kuwano-Yoshida, A. LeDrian, C. Li, J. Lock, A. Miller, M. J. Marquet, P. Martins, J. Mechoso, C. R. Meijgaard, E. V. Meinke, I. Miranda, P. M. A. Mironov, D. Neggers, R. Pan, H. L. Randall, D. A. Rasch, P. J. Rockel, B. Rossow, W. B. Ritter, B. Siebesma, A. P. Soares, P. M. M. Turk, F. J. Vaillancourt, P. A. Von Engeln, A. Zhao, M. TI Tropical and Subtropical Cloud Transitions in Weather and Climate Prediction Models: The GCSS/WGNE Pacific Cross-Section Intercomparison (GPCI) SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT; COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; PART I; TOGA-COARE; ECMWF REANALYSIS; RESOLVING MODEL AB A model evaluation approach is proposed in which weather and climate prediction models are analyzed along a Pacific Ocean cross section, from the stratocumulus regions off the coast of California, across the shallow convection dominated trade winds, to the deep convection regions of the ITCZ-the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment Cloud System Study/Working Group on Numerical Experimentation (GCSS/WGNE) Pacific Cross-Section Intercomparison (GPCI). The main goal of GPCI is to evaluate and help understand and improve the representation of tropical and subtropical cloud processes in weather and climate prediction models. In this paper, a detailed analysis of cloud regime transitions along the cross section from the subtropics to the tropics for the season June-July-August of 1998 is presented. This GPCI study confirms many of the typical weather and climate prediction model problems in the representation of clouds: underestimation of clouds in the stratocumulus regime by most models with the corresponding consequences in terms of shortwave radiation biases; overestimation of clouds by the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) in the deep tropics (in particular) with the corresponding impact in the outgoing longwave radiation; large spread between the different models in terms of cloud cover, liquid water path and shortwave radiation; significant differences between the models in terms of vertical cross sections of cloud properties (in particular), vertical velocity, and relative humidity. An alternative analysis of cloud cover mean statistics is proposed where sharp gradients in cloud cover along the GPCI transect are taken into account. This analysis shows that the negative cloud bias of some models and ERA-40 in the stratocumulus regions [as compared to the first International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP)] is associated not only with lower values of cloud cover in these regimes, but also with a stratocumulus-to-cumulus transition that occurs too early along the trade wind Lagrangian trajectory. Histograms of cloud cover along the cross section differ significantly between models. Some models exhibit a quasi-bimodal structure with cloud cover being either very large (close to 100%) or very small, while other models show a more continuous transition. The ISCCP observations suggest that reality is in-between these two extreme examples. These different patterns reflect the diverse nature of the cloud, boundary layer, and convection parameterizations in the participating weather and climate prediction models. C1 [Teixeira, J.; Li, J.; Turk, F. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Cardoso, S.; Martins, J.; Miranda, P. M. A.; Soares, P. M. M.] Univ Lisbon, Inst Dom Luis, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Cardoso, S.; Hannay, C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bonazzola, M.] Meteorol Dynam Lab, Paris, France. [Cole, J.] Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [DelGenio, A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [DeMott, C.; Randall, D. A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Franklin, C.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Jakob, C.] Monash Univ, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Jiao, Y.] Univ Quebec, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Karlsson, J.] Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kitagawa, H.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Koehler, M.; Miller, M. J.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Kuwano-Yoshida, A.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Earth Simulator Ctr, Computat Earth Sci Res Program, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [LeDrian, C.] Eidgenoss Tech Hsch Zentrum, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Lock, A.] United Kingdom Meteorol Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Marquet, P.] Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Toulouse, France. [Mechoso, C. R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Meijgaard, E. V.; Neggers, R.; Siebesma, A. P.] Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorol Inst, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Meinke, I.] Univ Calif San Diego, Expt Climate Predict Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Mironov, D.; Ritter, B.] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Div Res & Dev, Offenbach, Germany. [Pan, H. L.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Rasch, P. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Rockel, B.] GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Inst Coastal Res, Geesthacht, Germany. [Rossow, W. B.] CUNY City Coll, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Vaillancourt, P. A.] Environm Canada, Canadian Meteorol Ctr, Rech Previs Numer, Dorval, PQ, Canada. [Von Engeln, A.] EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany. [Zhao, M.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Teixeira, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM joao.teixeira@jpl.nasa.gov RI Miranda, Pedro/B-6971-2008; Karlsson, Johannes/H-3937-2011; Jakob, Christian/A-1082-2010; DeMott, Charlotte/L-7414-2015; Randall, David/E-6113-2011; Franklin, Charmaine/C-9278-2012; Del Genio, Anthony/D-4663-2012; Soares, Pedro /K-6239-2012; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; Kuwano-Yoshida, Akira/I-8652-2014; Rossow, William/F-3138-2015; Martins, Joao/C-1713-2009 OI Miranda, Pedro/0000-0002-4288-9456; Jakob, Christian/0000-0002-5012-3207; DeMott, Charlotte/0000-0002-3975-1288; Randall, David/0000-0001-6935-4112; Del Genio, Anthony/0000-0001-7450-1359; Soares, Pedro /0000-0002-9155-5874; Kuwano-Yoshida, Akira/0000-0003-3151-8550; Martins, Joao/0000-0003-4117-0754 FU NASA; Office of Naval Research FX We acknowledge the crucial feedback received from a variety of participants in the workshops and conferences where results of this study have been presented and discussed. JT and SC acknowledge the support of the NASA MAP program and the Office of Naval Research. Part of the research described in this publication was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We acknowledge the important feedback from the four anonymous referees. NR 97 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 20 BP 5223 EP 5256 DI 10.1175/2011JCLI3672.1 PG 34 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 840XZ UT WOS:000296476700003 ER PT J AU Held, IM Zhao, M AF Held, Isaac M. Zhao, Ming TI The Response of Tropical Cyclone Statistics to an Increase in CO2 with Fixed Sea Surface Temperatures SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL INTENSITY; ATLANTIC HURRICANES; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; CLIMATE MODELS; FREQUENCY; CYCLOGENESIS; PACIFIC; GENESIS; GCM; PRECIPITATION AB The effects on tropical cyclone statistics of doubling CO2, with fixed sea surface temperatures (SSTs), are compared to the effects of a 2-K increase in SST, with fixed CO2, using a 50-km resolution global atmospheric model. Confirming earlier results of Yoshimura and Sugi, a significant fraction of the reduction in globally averaged tropical storm frequency seen in simulations in which both SST and CO2 are increased can be thought of as the effect of the CO2 increase with fixed SSTs. Globally, the model produces a decrease in tropical cyclone frequency of about 10% due to doubling of CO2 and an additional 10% for a 2-K increase in SST, resulting in roughly a 20% reduction when both effects are present. The relative contribution of the CO2 effect to the total reduction is larger in the Northern than in the Southern Hemisphere. The average intensity of storms increases in the model with increasing SST, but intensity remains roughly unchanged, or decreases slightly, with the increase in CO2 alone. As a result, when considering the frequency of more intense cyclones. the intensity increase tends to compensate for the reduced total cyclone numbers for the SST increase ill isolation, but not for the CO2 increase in isolation. Changes in genesis in these experiments roughly follow changes in mean vertical motion, reflecting changes in convective mass fluxes. Discussion of one possible perspective on how changes in the convective mass flux might alter genesis rates is provided. C1 [Held, Isaac M.; Zhao, Ming] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Zhao, Ming] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Held, IM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM isaac.held@noaa.gov RI Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014 FU Office of Science of the Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; NSF [ATM-0612551]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ2612] FX We thank Tom Knutson, Gabriel Vecchi, Steve Garner, and Kevin Walsh for their helpful discussions on this topic, and S.-J. Lin for his central role in the development of this model. We also thank Kerry Emanuel, David Nolan, and Tim Merlis for their helpful comments on a previous draft. This research used resources of the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. An award of computer time was provided by the Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment Program. Ming Zhao was supported in part by NSF Grant ATM-0612551 and in part under Award NA17RJ2612 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The findings are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 39 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 20 BP 5353 EP 5364 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00050.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 840XZ UT WOS:000296476700011 ER PT J AU Leroux, S Hall, NMJ Kiladis, GN AF Leroux, Stephanie Hall, Nicholas M. J. Kiladis, George N. TI Intermittent African Easterly Wave Activity in a Dry Atmospheric Model: Influence of the Extratropics SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; WEST-AFRICA; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; PART I; DYNAMICS; ATLANTIC; JET; CONVECTION; PREDICTABILITY; REGIMES AB A dynamical model is constructed of the northern summertime global circulation, maintained by empirically derived forcing, based on the same dynamical code that has recently been used to study African easterly waves (AEWs) as convectively triggered perturbations (Thorncroft et al.; Leroux and Hall). In the configuration used here, the model faithfully simulates the observed mean distributions of jets and transient disturbances, and explicitly represents the interactions between them. This simple GCM is used to investigate the origin and intraseasonal intermittency of AEWs in an artificially dry (no convection) context. A long integration of the model produces a summertime climatology that includes a realistic African easterly jet and westward-propagating 3-5-day disturbances over West Africa. These simulated waves display intraseasonal intermittency as the observed AEWs also do. Further experiments designed to discern the source of this intermittency in the model show that the simulated waves are mainly triggered by dynamical precursors coming from the North Atlantic storm track. The model is at least as sensitive to this remote influence as it is to local triggering by convective heating. C1 [Leroux, Stephanie] NOAA, R PSD1, ESRL, PSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hall, Nicholas M. J.] Univ Toulouse 3, LEGOS, F-31062 Toulouse, France. RP Leroux, S (reprint author), NOAA, R PSD1, ESRL, PSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM stephanie.leroux@noaa.gov RI Hall, Nicholas/M-4837-2015 FU National Research Council FX We thank the two reviewers for reading our manuscript and for making helpful comments and suggestions. This work was initiated as part of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses program (www.amma-international.org) when Stephanie Leroux was based at the Laboratoire d'Etude des Transferts en Hydrology et Environnement, Universite de Grenoble, France. The last part of the work was achieved at the Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, where Stephanie Leroux was funded by a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 20 BP 5378 EP 5396 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00049.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 840XZ UT WOS:000296476700013 ER PT J AU Lawrimore, JH Menne, MJ Gleason, BE Williams, CN Wuertz, DB Vose, RS Rennie, J AF Lawrimore, Jay H. Menne, Matthew J. Gleason, Byron E. Williams, Claude N. Wuertz, David B. Vose, Russell S. Rennie, Jared TI An overview of the Global Historical Climatology Network monthly mean temperature data set, version 3 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-ASSURANCE; REFERENCE SERIES; TIME-SERIES; UPDATE AB Since the early 1990s the Global Historical Climatology Network-Monthly (GHCN-M) data set has been an internationally recognized source of data for the study of observed variability and change in land surface temperature. It provides monthly mean temperature data for 7280 stations from 226 countries and territories, ongoing monthly updates of more than 2000 stations to support monitoring of current and evolving climate conditions, and homogeneity adjustments to remove non-climatic influences that can bias the observed temperature record. The release of version 3 monthly mean temperature data marks the first major revision to this data set in over ten years. It introduces a number of improvements and changes that include consolidating "duplicate" series, updating records from recent decades, and the use of new approaches to homogenization and quality assurance. Although the underlying structure of the data set is significantly different than version 2, conclusions regarding the rate of warming in global land surface temperature are largely unchanged. C1 [Lawrimore, Jay H.; Rennie, Jared] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Lawrimore, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM jay.lawrimore@noaa.gov RI Rennie, Jared/E-2984-2015 OI Rennie, Jared/0000-0002-3316-9668 NR 31 TC 91 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D19121 DI 10.1029/2011JD016187 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 835DM UT WOS:000296014600003 ER PT J AU Fujisaki, A Oey, LY AF Fujisaki, Ayumi Oey, Lie-Yauw TI Formation of ice bands by winds SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE; ZONE AB A mechanism for the formation of ice bands is proposed as a coupled response of ice edge and lee waves to wind under the hydrostatic approximation. A high-resolution ice-ocean coupled model is used in an x-z domain with grid sizes (x, z) = (250 m, 1 m). Under an along-ice-edge wind, such that the Ekman transport is away from the ice edge, the nearly discontinuous surface stress between the ice-covered and open seas generates lee waves. A thin layer of high-potential vorticity fluid under the ice is produced by the Ekman forcing, enabling the ice edge to rapidly slip over less stratified water. This is favorable for supercritical conditions when lee waves are generated. Ice bands are formed by the corresponding convergences and divergences. The flow becomes subcritical farther behind the ice-edge but secondary lee waves and ice bands form because of the secondary stress discontinuity behind the lead ice band. An analytical solution is derived to show that ice bands have longer widths than the lee-wavelengths because the ice-ocean stress creates the smoothing effect. Vertical motions associated with the lee waves have speed of the order of 10 m/day, extend to the bottom (300 m), and contribute to deep vertical mixing and the subsequent melting of the ice. These small-scale features are not modeled well with horizontal grids coarser than approximately 2.5 km. C1 [Fujisaki, Ayumi; Oey, Lie-Yauw] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Fujisaki, Ayumi] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Tokyo, Japan. RP Fujisaki, A (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM ayumif@umich.edu; lyo@princeton.edu FU NOAA's Office of Climate Programs [NA17RJ2612]; [20.9767] FX A.F. was supported by the grant-in-aid for the Japan Society for Promotion of Science (20.9767), and L.Y.O. by NOAA's Office of Climate Programs, award NA17RJ2612. Some calculations were conducted at GFDL/NOAA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C10015 DI 10.1029/2010JC006655 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 834TU UT WOS:000295987800001 ER PT J AU Kang, JW Diky, V Chirico, RD Magee, JW Muzny, CD Abdulagatov, I Kazakov, AF Frenkel, M AF Kang, Jeong Won Diky, Vladimir Chirico, Robert D. Magee, Joseph W. Muzny, Chris D. Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin Kazakov, Andrei F. Frenkel, Michael TI A new method for evaluation of UNIFAC interaction parameters SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE Consistency test; Quality assessment; Regression analysis; UNIFAC; KT-UNIFAC; Vapor-liquid equilibrium ID VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIUM; THERMODATA ENGINE TDE; THERMOCHEMICAL PROPERTY DATA; THERMODYNAMIC CONSISTENCY; SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION; ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; BINARY-MIXTURES; EXTENSION; REVISION; MODEL AB A new method for obtaining UNIFAC group-group interaction parameters is proposed using evaluated thermophysical property data generated at the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Using the proposed method, two sets of UNIFAC group-group interaction parameters for 52 main groups are produced based on published vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE), excess enthalpies, and activity coefficients at infinite dilution critically evaluated on-demand with the NIST ThermoData Engine (TDE) software. The new regression analysis method includes the use of evaluated uncertainties in assessment of quality factors evaluated on the basis of consistency tests for VLE data. Validity and effectiveness of the proposed method are discussed. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Diky, Vladimir; Chirico, Robert D.; Magee, Joseph W.; Muzny, Chris D.; Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin; Kazakov, Andrei F.; Frenkel, Michael] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kang, Jeong Won] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Frenkel, M (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM frenkel@boulder.nist.gov RI Kang, Jeongwon/F-7010-2013; Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009 OI Kang, Jeongwon/0000-0002-5161-1122; Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593 NR 45 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 309 IS 1 BP 68 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2011.07.001 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 829DK UT WOS:000295556100009 ER PT J AU Ruiz-Cooley, RI Garcia, KY Hetherington, ED AF Ruiz-Cooley, R. I. Garcia, K. Y. Hetherington, E. D. TI Effects of lipid removal and preservatives on carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of squid tissues: Implications for ecological studies SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dimethylsulfoxide; Ethanol; Formaldehyde; Lipid extractions; Stable isotopes ID FATTY-ACID; FOOD-WEB; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; DELTA-C-13; DELTA-N-15; BEAKS; DIET; CEPHALOPODS; EXTRACTION; SIGNATURES AB Stable isotope analysis of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in animal tissues is an important approach to investigate the tropic status and habitat of marine species. Some biases due to lipid extractions and preservation can hinder the interpretation of results, yet their effects have not been investigated in squid. In this study, we evaluated the effects of lipid extraction and preservatives (dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 70% ethanol, and 10% buffered formaldehyde) on the delta C-13, delta N-15 and C:N ratios in squid muscle. Beaks were placed under the same treatments with the exception of DMSO. Muscle and beak samples remained under treatment for 375 days and 416 days, respectively. Our results indicate that lipid extractions increased the mean values of unpreserved samples by 0.8 parts per thousand. for delta C-13 and by 0.68 parts per thousand. for delta N-15. Preservatives also affected the isotopic composition in muscle at different magnitudes. DMSO remarkably reduced and increased the variability for delta C-13 and delta N-15 values among samples, formalin mainly reduced delta C-13 values by 1.5 parts per thousand, whereas ethanol increased both delta C-13 and delta N-15 by <= 0.8 parts per thousand. Lipid extractions eliminated the effect of DMSO and ethanol for delta C-13 and delta N-15, and formalin only for delta N-15. In beak, negligible shifts in delta C-13, delta N-15 and C:N ratios were recorded after preservation in ethanol and formalin. Although lipid extractions can be recommended to reduce the effect of preservation, further research is needed to develop correction models for isotopic shifts associated with both lipid extractions in unpreserved and preserved muscle tissues. Lipid extractions per se could introduce a bias that may have important implications for ecological studies. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ruiz-Cooley, R. I.; Hetherington, E. D.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Ruiz-Cooley, R. I.; Garcia, K. Y.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Ruiz-Cooley, RI (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Iliana.Ruiz-Cooley@noaa.gov FU MBRS-RISE [R25GM061222] FX Special thanks to J.G. Diaz-Uribe (Centro Regional Pesquero-La Paz, Mexico) and C. Yamashiro and L Mariategui (Instituto del Mar del Peru) for their support in the collection of squid beak of D. gigas. We are grateful to K. Johnson, A. Hamilton and A. Debosse (NMFS/NOAA/DOC) for the collection of Loligo specimens. We are very grateful to V. Atudorei from the University of New Mexico for running samples for isotope analysis. We thank J.A. Seminoff (SWFSC/NMFS/NOAA/DOC) for his comments to improve this manuscript. This project was funded by the MBRS-RISE R25 Grant #R25GM061222. (SS] NR 59 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 8 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 407 IS 1 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2011.07.002 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 825RG UT WOS:000295299200014 ER PT J AU Richards, MD Van Tyne, CJ Matlock, DK AF Richards, M. D. Van Tyne, C. J. Matlock, D. K. TI The influence of dynamic strain aging on resistance to strain reversal as assessed through the Bauschinger effect SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Mechanical characterization; Steel; Bauschinger effect; Dynamic strain aging; Dislocations ID ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; FLOW STRESS; PRE-STRAIN; STEEL; AL; CU; BEHAVIOR; METALS; COPPER; IRON AB The Bauschinger effect of three commercially produced medium carbon bar steels representing different microstructural classes with similar tensile strengths and substantially different yielding and work-hardening behaviors at low-strain was evaluated at room temperature and in situ at temperatures up to 361 degrees C. The influence of deformation at dynamic strain aging temperatures as a means to produce a more stable dislocation structure was evaluated by measuring the resistance to strain reversal during in situ Bauschinger effect tests. It was shown that the three medium carbon steels exhibited substantial increases in strength at dynamic strain aging temperatures with the peak in flow stress occurring at a test temperature of 260 degrees C for an engineering strain rate of 10(-4) s(-1). Compressive flow stress data following tensile plastic prestrain levels of 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03 increased with an increase in temperature to a range between 260 degrees C and 309 degrees C, the temperature range where dynamic strain aging was shown to be most effective. The increased resistance to flow on strain reversal at elevated temperature was attributed to the generation of more stable dislocation structures during prestrain. It is suggested that Bauschinger effect measurements can be used to assess the potential performance of materials in fatigue loading conditions and to identify temperature ranges for processing in applications that utilize non-uniform plastic deformation (e.g. shot peening, deep rolling, etc.) to induce controlled residual stress fields stabilized by the processing at temperatures where dynamic strain aging is active. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Richards, M. D.; Van Tyne, C. J.; Matlock, D. K.] Colorado Sch Mines, Adv Steel Proc & Prod Res Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Richards, MD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mark.richards@nist.gov RI Van Tyne, Chester/H-7159-2013 OI Van Tyne, Chester/0000-0002-7790-7685 FU Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center, an industry/university cooperative research center at the Colorado School of Mines FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the sponsors of the Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center, an industry/university cooperative research center at the Colorado School of Mines. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 15 PY 2011 VL 528 IS 27 BP 7926 EP 7932 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2011.07.015 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 823FI UT WOS:000295107500012 ER PT J AU Kim, K Korenblit, S Islam, R Edwards, EE Chang, MS Noh, C Carmichael, H Lin, GD Duan, LM Wang, CCJ Freericks, JK Monroe, C AF Kim, K. Korenblit, S. Islam, R. Edwards, E. E. Chang, M-S Noh, C. Carmichael, H. Lin, G-D Duan, L-M Wang, C. C. Joseph Freericks, J. K. Monroe, C. TI Quantum simulation of the transverse Ising model with trapped ions SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GEOMETRICAL FRUSTRATION; COMPUTATION; ENTANGLEMENT; PHYSICS; DYNAMICS; ANYONS; GASES; STATE AB Crystals of trapped atomic ions are among the most promising platforms for the quantum simulation of many-body quantum physics. Here, we describe recent developments in the simulation of quantum magnetic spin models with trapped Yb-171(+) ions, and discuss the possibility of scaling the system to a level of complexity where classical computation becomes intractable. C1 [Kim, K.; Korenblit, S.; Islam, R.; Edwards, E. E.; Chang, M-S; Monroe, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kim, K.; Korenblit, S.; Islam, R.; Edwards, E. E.; Chang, M-S; Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Noh, C.; Carmichael, H.] Univ Auckland, Dept Phys, Auckland, New Zealand. [Lin, G-D; Duan, L-M] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Lin, G-D; Duan, L-M] Univ Michigan, MCTP, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wang, C. C. Joseph; Freericks, J. K.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Kim, K (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Inst Interdisciplinary Informat Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM khkim@umd.edu RI Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011; Freericks, James/D-7502-2011; Chang, Ming-Shien/F-7922-2012; OI Freericks, James/0000-0002-6232-9165 FU Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF0710576]; DARPA; IARPA under ARO; NSF; NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI; McDevitt Endowment Trust of Georgetown University FX This work was supported by Army Research Office (ARO) award W911NF0710576 with funds from the DARPA Optical Lattice Emulator (OLE) program, IARPA under the ARO contract, NSF Physics of the Information Frontier Program and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI. JKF also acknowledges support from the McDevitt Endowment Trust of Georgetown University. NR 83 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 20 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD OCT 14 PY 2011 VL 13 AR 105003 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/13/10/105003 PG 29 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 843IA UT WOS:000296664300001 ER PT J AU Wu, B Li, X Do, C Kim, TH Shew, CY Liu, Y Yang, J Hong, KL Porcar, L Chen, CY Liu, EL Smith, GS Herwig, KW Chen, WR AF Wu, Bin Li, Xin Do, Changwoo Kim, Tae-Hwan Shew, Chwen-Yang Liu, Yun Yang, Jun Hong, Kunlun Porcar, Lionel Chen, Chun-Yu Liu, Emily L. Smith, Gregory S. Herwig, Kenneth W. Chen, Wei-Ren TI Spatial distribution of intra-molecular water and polymeric components in polyelectrolyte dendrimers revealed by small angle scattering investigations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FLEXIBLE SPACER-CHAINS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; POLY(AMIDO AMINE) DENDRIMERS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PAMAM DENDRIMERS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; POLYAMIDOAMINE DENDRIMERS; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; EXPLICIT COUNTERIONS; SOLVENT QUALITY AB An experimental scheme using contrast variation small angle neutron scattering technique is developed to investigate the structural characteristics of amine-terminated poly(amidoamine) dendrimers solutions. Using this methodology, we present the dependence of both the intra-dendrimer water and the polymer distribution on molecular protonation, which can be precisely adjusted by tuning the pH of the solution. Assuming spherical symmetry of the spatial arrangement of the constituent components of dendrimer, and that the atomic ratio of hydrogen-to-deuterium for the solvent residing within the cavities of dendrimer is identical to that for the solvent outside the dendrimer, the intradendrimer water distribution along the radial direction is determined. Our result clearly reveals an outward relocation of the peripheral groups, as well as enhanced intra-dendrimer hydration, upon increasing the molecular protonation and, therefore, allows the determination of segmental backfolding in a quantitative manner. The connection between these charge-induced structural changes and our recently observed progressively active segmental dynamics is also discussed. c 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3651364] C1 [Li, Xin] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Wu, Bin; Do, Changwoo; Smith, Gregory S.; Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wu, Bin; Liu, Emily L.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Do, Changwoo] Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich Ctr Neutron Sci, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Kim, Tae-Hwan] Korea Atom Energy & Res Inst, Div Neutron Sci, Taejon 305600, South Korea. [Shew, Chwen-Yang] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Liu, Yun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Yang, Jun; Hong, Kunlun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Chen, Chun-Yu] Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan. [Herwig, Kenneth W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Facil Dev Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chen, Wei-Ren] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Neutron Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, X (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM li300@indiana.edu; hongkq@ornl.gov; chenw@ornl.gov RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Li, Xin/K-9646-2013; Smith, Gregory/D-1659-2016; Do, Changwoo/A-9670-2011; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Li, Xin/0000-0003-0606-434X; Smith, Gregory/0000-0001-5659-1805; Do, Changwoo/0000-0001-8358-8417; Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111 FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG07-07ID14889]; U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission [NRC-38-08950] FX This Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy. The research carried out at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy. This SANS experiment utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. We greatly appreciate the SANS beam time from HANARO KAERI, Korea, and SAXS beam time from NSRRC, Taiwan as well as the technical supports from both facilities for our experiment. B. W., X. L., and E. L. L. acknowledge the financial support by U.S. Department of Energy under NERI-C Award No. DE-FG07-07ID14889 and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission under Award No. NRC-38-08950. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 14 PY 2011 VL 135 IS 14 AR 144903 DI 10.1063/1.3651364 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 833KP UT WOS:000295884400048 PM 22010731 ER PT J AU Ho, DT Sabine, CL Hebert, D Ullman, DS Wanninkhof, R Hamme, RC Strutton, PG Hales, B Edson, JB Hargreaves, BR AF Ho, David T. Sabine, Christopher L. Hebert, David Ullman, David S. Wanninkhof, Rik Hamme, Roberta C. Strutton, Peter G. Hales, Burke Edson, James B. Hargreaves, Bruce R. TI Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment: Setting the stage SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MIXED-LAYER; SEA; FLUX; FREQUENCY; FLOW AB The Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment (SO GasEx) is the third in a series of U.S.-led open ocean process studies aimed at improving the quantification of gas transfer velocities and air-sea CO2 fluxes. Two deliberate He-3/SF6 tracer releases into relatively stable water masses selected for large Delta pCO(2) took place in the southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean in austral fall of 2008. The tracer patches were sampled in a Lagrangian manner, using observations from discrete CTD/Rosette casts, continuous surface ocean and atmospheric monitoring, and autonomous drifting instruments to study the evolution of chemical and biological properties over the course of the experiment. CO2 and DMS fluxes were directly measured in the marine air boundary layer with micrometeorological techniques, and physical, chemical, and biological processes controlling air-sea fluxes were quantified with measurements in the upper ocean and marine air. Average wind speeds of 9 m s(-1) to a maximum of 16 m s(-1) were encountered during the tracer patch observations, providing additional data to constrain wind speed/gas exchange parameterizations. In this paper, we set the stage for the experiment by detailing the hydrographic observations during the site surveys and tracer patch occupations that form the underpinning of observations presented in the SO GasEx special section. Particular consideration is given to the mixed layer depth as this is a critical variable for estimates of fluxes and biogeochemical transformations based on mixed layer budgets. C1 [Ho, David T.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Sabine, Christopher L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hebert, David; Ullman, David S.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hamme, Roberta C.] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Strutton, Peter G.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarct Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Hales, Burke] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Edson, James B.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Hargreaves, Bruce R.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Ho, DT (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, 1000 Pope Rd,MSB 517, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM ho@hawaii.edu RI Ho, David/A-3154-2011; Strutton, Peter/C-4466-2011 OI Ho, David/0000-0002-0944-6952; Strutton, Peter/0000-0002-2395-9471 FU SO GasEx Planning group FX We thank those members of the SO GasEx Planning group, who helped draft the SO GasEx implementation plan and assisted with initial site selection, but who did not participate in SO GasEx (Mary-Elena Carr, Paty Matrai, and Janet Sprintall). Several other scientists provided essential data that aided initial site selection decisions, including Taro Takahashi, who provided pCO2 measurements from the LDEO CO2 database; Jacqueline Boutin, who provided pCO2 measurements from CARIOCA buoys; Dorothee Bakker, who provided pCO2 measurements from recent cruises to the SO GasEx study region; Andy Jacobson, who provided wind speed data; David Woolf, who provided wave height data; Joaquin Tri anes, who provided satellite altimeter and drifter data; and Peter Miller, who provided satellite altimeter, SST, and Chl a data. William Balch, Bruce Bowler, and David Drapeau (Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences) provided underway salinity data for the Patch 1 site survey. Kathy Tedesco, former Program Manager of the Global Carbon Cycle Program in NOAA's Climate Program Office, was an important liaison between the science planning group and the agencies that funded SO GasEx (NSF, NASA, and NOAA). We thank the participants of SO GasEx, who endured technical and logistical challenges and made SO GasEx a successful expedition, and the Captain and the crew of the NOAA Ship Ronald H Brown who, in their various roles, ensured that we were safe, well fed, and to a large extent, able to execute our various scientific projects. This is PMEL contribution 3696. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 14 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C00F08 DI 10.1029/2010JC006852 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 834TR UT WOS:000295987500001 ER PT J AU Dzwonkowski, B Park, K Jiang, LD AF Dzwonkowski, Brian Park, Kyeong Jiang, Lide TI Subtidal across-shelf velocity structure and surface transport effectiveness on the Alabama shelf of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID WEST FLORIDA SHELF; OREGON CONTINENTAL-SHELF; BOTTOM BOUNDARY-LAYER; INNER SHELF; TEMPERATURE BUDGET; EASTERN GULF; MOBILE-BAY; CIRCULATION; WIND; NORTHERN AB A 3.33 year time series of velocity and hydrographic data from a mooring site on the 20 m isobath of the Alabama shelf in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico are used to examine across-shelf circulation. The flow structure and surface transport are determined on this wide shallow shelf system, in which wind stress is a primary forcing mechanism, over a wide range of environmental conditions. The relatively long data set allows the along- and across-shelf wind stress responses to be separated so that their individual contributions to the flow structure can be analyzed. This study finds that both along- and across-shelf wind stress play a role in the across-shelf circulation. While the along- shelf wind is correlated with the currents during all seasons, the across-shelf shelf wind is most clearly correlated with the currents during fall and winter when the water column is least stratified and the across-shelf wind stress is strongest. In addition, wind stress magnitude, mid-depth vertical shear of the horizontal velocity, and stratification all show significant relationships with across-shelf transport effectiveness to varying degrees. The wide range of stratification conditions provides new insight on the influence of stratification on transport effectiveness and across-shelf wind stress forcing. Under very low stratification conditions, there is no apparent relationship between stratification and transport effectiveness, and across-shelf wind stress can generate a significant forcing contribution. As stratification increases, across-shelf wind stress becomes less important and the transport effectiveness increases to a point, above which, there is again no clear relationship with stratification. C1 [Dzwonkowski, Brian; Park, Kyeong] Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Jiang, Lide] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Park, Kyeong] Univ S Alabama, Dept tment Marine Sci, Dauphin Island, MD USA. [Jiang, Lide] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Dzwonkowski, B (reprint author), Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Blvd, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. EM briandz@disl.org RI Jiang, Lide/G-2041-2010; OI Jiang, Lide/0000-0002-9883-4411; Dzwonkowski, Brian/0000-0002-2333-2185 FU Fisheries Oceanography in Coastal Alabama; Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources-Marine Resources Division; BP-Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GRI) Rapid Response FX This work would not have been possible without the collecting and archiving of the data by the Tech Support Group at the Dauphin Island Sea Lab, including Kyle Weis, Roxanne Robertson, Alan Gunter, Mike Dardeau, and Laura Linn. We would like to thank the two reviewers for their helpful comments that enhanced the manuscript. This work was supported by the Fisheries Oceanography in Coastal Alabama funded by Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources-Marine Resources Division and the BP-Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GRI) Rapid Response. Finally, we thank Rich Pawlowicz at the University of British Columbia for the freely available MATLABm_map toolbox which we have found to be useful in our analysis of geophysical data. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 13 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C10012 DI 10.1029/2011JC007188 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 971AG UT WOS:000306173300005 ER PT J AU Plaisance, L Caley, MJ Brainard, RE Knowlton, N AF Plaisance, Laetitia Caley, M. Julian Brainard, Russell E. Knowlton, Nancy TI The Diversity of Coral Reefs: What Are We Missing? SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATIONS; BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; MARINE BIODIVERSITY; SPECIES RICHNESS; EXTINCTION RISK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DNA BARCODES; OCEAN; INVERTEBRATES; CONSERVATION AB Tropical reefs shelter one quarter to one third of all marine species but one third of the coral species that construct reefs are now at risk of extinction. Because traditional methods for assessing reef diversity are extremely time consuming, taxonomic expertise for many groups is lacking, and marine organisms are thought to be less vulnerable to extinction, most discussions of reef conservation focus on maintenance of ecosystem services rather than biodiversity loss. In this study involving the three major oceans with reef growth, we provide new biodiversity estimates based on quantitative sampling and DNA barcoding. We focus on crustaceans, which are the second most diverse group of marine metazoans. We show exceptionally high numbers of crustacean species associated with coral reefs relative to sampling effort (525 species from a combined, globally distributed sample area of 6.3 m(2)). The high prevalence of rare species (38% encountered only once), the low level of spatial overlap (81% found in only one locality) and the biogeographic patterns of diversity detected (Indo-West Pacific > Central Pacific > Caribbean) are consistent with results from traditional survey methods, making this approach a reliable and efficient method for assessing and monitoring biodiversity. The finding of such large numbers of species in a small total area suggests that coral reef diversity is seriously under-detected using traditional survey methods, and by implication, underestimated. C1 [Plaisance, Laetitia; Knowlton, Nancy] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Plaisance, Laetitia; Knowlton, Nancy] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Caley, M. Julian] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Brainard, Russell E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Plaisance, L (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM plaisancel@si.edu FU Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Census of Marine Life; Census of Coral Reefs; BHP Billiton (Australia) FX This work was supported by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, Census of Marine Life, Census of Coral Reefs, and BHP Billiton (Australia). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 30 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 61 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 13 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 10 AR e25026 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0025026 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 834QT UT WOS:000295978600008 PM 22022371 ER PT J AU Singh, DK Thamizhavel, A Lynn, JW Dhar, S Rodriguez-Rivera, J Herman, T AF Singh, D. K. Thamizhavel, A. Lynn, J. W. Dhar, S. Rodriguez-Rivera, J. Herman, T. TI Field-induced quantum fluctuations in the heavy fermion superconductor CeCu2Ge2 SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MAGNETIC ORDER; METALS; CRITICALITY; SYSTEMS; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; ELECTRONS AB Quantum-mechanical fluctuations in strongly correlated electron systems cause unconventional phenomena such as non-Fermi liquid behavior, and arguably high temperature superconductivity. Here we report the discovery of a field-tuned quantum critical phenomenon in stoichiometric CeCu2Ge2, a spin density wave ordered heavy fermion metal that exhibits unconventional superconductivity under similar or equal to 10 GPa of applied pressure. Our finding of the associated quantum critical spin fluctuations of the antiferromagnetic spin density wave order, dominating the local fluctuations due to single-site Kondo effect, provide new information about the underlying mechanism that can be important in understanding superconductivity in this novel compound. C1 [Singh, D. K.; Lynn, J. W.; Rodriguez-Rivera, J.; Herman, T.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Singh, D. K.; Rodriguez-Rivera, J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Thamizhavel, A.; Dhar, S.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. RP Singh, DK (reprint author), NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dsingh@nist.gov RI Thamizhavel, Arumugam/A-1801-2011; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/A-4872-2013 OI Thamizhavel, Arumugam/0000-0003-1679-4370; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-8633-8314 FU NSF [DMR-0944772] FX This work used facilities supported in part by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. We thank C. Stock, Y. Zhao and S. Chang for helping with the neutron scattering measurements. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD OCT 13 PY 2011 VL 1 AR 117 DI 10.1038/srep00117 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 835SL UT WOS:000296056000002 PM 22355634 ER PT J AU Santos, TS Kirby, BJ Kumar, S May, SJ Borchers, JA Maranville, BB Zarestky, J Velthuis, SGET van den Brink, J Bhattacharya, A AF Santos, T. S. Kirby, B. J. Kumar, S. May, S. J. Borchers, J. A. Maranville, B. B. Zarestky, J. Velthuis, S. G. E. Te van den Brink, J. Bhattacharya, A. TI Delta Doping of Ferromagnetism in Antiferromagnetic Manganite Superlattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE EXCHANGE AB We demonstrate that delta doping can be used to create a dimensionally confined region of metallic ferromagnetism in an antiferromagnetic (AFM) manganite host, without introducing any explicit disorder due to dopants or frustration of spins. Theoretical consideration of these additional carriers shows that they cause a local enhancement of ferromagnetic double exchange with respect to AFM superexchange, resulting in local canting of the AFM spins. This leads to a highly modulated magnetization, as measured by polarized neutron reflectometry. The spatial modulation of the canting is related to the spreading of charge from the doped layer and establishes a fundamental length scale for charge transfer, transformation of orbital occupancy, and magnetic order in these manganites. Furthermore, we confirm the existence of the canted, AFM state as was predicted by de Gennes [Phys. Rev. 118, 141 (1960)] but had remained elusive. C1 [Santos, T. S.; Bhattacharya, A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kirby, B. J.; Borchers, J. A.; Maranville, B. B.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kumar, S.; van den Brink, J.] IFW Dresden, Inst Theoret Solid State Phys, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. [May, S. J.] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [May, S. J.; Velthuis, S. G. E. Te; Bhattacharya, A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zarestky, J.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Zarestky, J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Santos, TS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM anand@anl.gov RI van den Brink, Jeroen/E-5670-2011; May, Steven/D-8563-2011; Bhattacharya, Anand/G-1645-2011; te Velthuis, Suzanne/I-6735-2013 OI van den Brink, Jeroen/0000-0001-6594-9610; May, Steven/0000-0002-8097-1549; Bhattacharya, Anand/0000-0002-6839-6860; te Velthuis, Suzanne/0000-0002-1023-8384 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; L'Oreal USA Fellowship for Women in Science FX We are grateful to Chuck Majkrzak for helpful suggestions. Work at Argonne and use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. A portion of this research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. T. S. acknowledges support from the L'Oreal USA Fellowship for Women in Science. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 12 PY 2011 VL 107 IS 16 AR 167202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.167202 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 839ML UT WOS:000296370800016 PM 22107423 ER PT J AU Watt, CEJ Degeling, AW Rankin, R Murphy, KR Rae, IJ Singer, HJ AF Watt, C. E. J. Degeling, A. W. Rankin, R. Murphy, K. R. Rae, I. J. Singer, H. J. TI Ultralow-frequency modulation of whistler-mode wave growth SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA DISPERSION FUNCTION; LONG-PERIOD PULSATIONS; ELECTRON-PRECIPITATION; AURORAL ZONE; IONOSPHERIC ABSORPTION; MAGNETIC PULSATIONS; VLF EMISSIONS; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; ENERGETIC ELECTRONS; PARTICLE-FLUX AB Measurements from ground-based magnetometers and riometers at auroral latitudes have demonstrated that energetic (similar to 30-300 keV) electron precipitation can be modulated in the presence of magnetic field oscillations at ultralow frequencies. It has previously been proposed that an ultralow-frequency (ULF) wave would modulate field and plasma properties near the equatorial plane, thus modifying the growth rates of whistler-mode waves. In turn, the resulting whistler-mode waves would mediate the pitch angle scattering of electrons resulting in ionospheric precipitation. In this paper, we investigate this hypothesis by quantifying the changes to the linear growth rate expected due to a slow change in the local magnetic field strength for parameters typical of the equatorial region around 6.6R(E) radial distance. To constrain our study, we determine the largest possible ULF wave amplitudes from measurements of the magnetic field at geosynchronous orbit. Using nearly ten years of observations from two satellites, we demonstrate that the variation in magnetic field strength due to oscillations at 2 mHz does not exceed +/- 10% of the background field. Modifications to the plasma density and temperature anisotropy are estimated using idealized models. For low temperature anisotropy, there is little change in the whistler-mode growth rates even for the largest ULF wave amplitude. Only for large temperature anisotropies can whistler-mode growth rates be modulated sufficiently to account for the changes in electron precipitation measured by riometers at auroral latitudes. C1 [Watt, C. E. J.; Degeling, A. W.; Rankin, R.; Murphy, K. R.; Rae, I. J.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Watt, CEJ (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. EM watt@ualberta.ca; degeling@ualberta.ca; rrankin@ualberta.ca; kmurphy@ualberta.ca; jonathan.rae@ualberta.ca; howard.singer@noaa.gov RI Rankin, Robert/C-5435-2013; Rae, Jonathan/D-8132-2013; Watt, Clare/C-5218-2008; Degeling, Alexander/F-1091-2016 OI Rankin, Robert/0000-0003-0151-6343; Watt, Clare/0000-0003-3193-8993; Degeling, Alexander/0000-0001-7338-9270 FU Canadian Space Agency; Alberta Ingenuity Scholarship; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council FX CEJW, AWD and IJR are supported by the Canadian Space Agency. KRM is funded by Alberta Ingenuity and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Canadian Graduate Scholarships. NR 71 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 12 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A10209 DI 10.1029/2011JA016730 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 834TH UT WOS:000295986500002 ER PT J AU Skripov, AV Mushnikov, NV Terent'ev, PB Gaviko, VS Udovic, TJ Rush, JJ AF Skripov, A. V. Mushnikov, N. V. Terent'ev, P. B. Gaviko, V. S. Udovic, T. J. Rush, J. J. TI Hydrogen dynamics in Ce2Fe17H5: inelastic and quasielastic neutron scattering studies SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; EARTH-METALS; HYDRIDES; MOTION; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROMETER; DIFFRACTION; ABSORPTION; NIST; CE AB The vibrational spectrum of hydrogen and the parameters of H jump motion in the rhombohedral Th2Zn17-type compound Ce2Fe17H5 have been studied by means of inelastic and quasielastic neutron scattering. It is found that hydrogen atoms occupying interstitial Ce2Fe2 sites participate in the fast localized jump motion over the hexagons formed by these tetrahedral sites. The H jump rate tau(-1) of this localized motion is found to change from 3.9 x 10(9) s(-1) at T = 140 K to 4.9 x 10(11) s(-1) at T = 350 K, and the temperature dependence of tau(-1) in the range 140-350 K is well described by the Arrhenius law with the activation energy of 103 +/- 3 meV. Our results suggest that the hydrogen jump rate in Th2Zn17-type compounds strongly increases with decreasing nearest- neighbor distance between the tetrahedral sites within the hexagons. Since each such hexagon in Ce2Fe17H5 is populated by two hydrogen atoms, the jump motions of H atoms on the same hexagon should be correlated. C1 [Skripov, A. V.; Mushnikov, N. V.; Terent'ev, P. B.; Gaviko, V. S.] Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Urals Branch, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia. [Udovic, T. J.; Rush, J. J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rush, J. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Skripov, AV (reprint author), Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Urals Branch, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia. RI Terentev, Pavel/J-3539-2013; Skripov, Alexander/K-4525-2013; Gaviko, Vasilii/K-4632-2013; Mushnikov, Nikolay/K-9076-2013 OI Terentev, Pavel/0000-0002-2348-6459; Skripov, Alexander/0000-0002-0610-5538; Gaviko, Vasilii/0000-0002-9841-9293; Mushnikov, Nikolay/0000-0002-6354-2558 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; Russian Academy of Sciences; NIST Center for Neutron Research FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement no. DMR-0454672. This work was also supported by the Priority Program 'Basics of Development of Energy Systems and Technologies' of the Russian Academy of Sciences. AVS acknowledges financial support from the NIST Center for Neutron Research. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD OCT 12 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 40 AR 405402 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/23/40/405402 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 832WV UT WOS:000295841800014 ER PT J AU Vamivakas, AN Zhao, Y Falt, S Badolato, A Taylor, JM Atature, M AF Vamivakas, A. N. Zhao, Y. Falt, S. Badolato, A. Taylor, J. M. Atatuere, M. TI Nanoscale Optical Electrometer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTON TURNSTILE DEVICE; QUANTUM-DOT; DIAMOND; SPINS; SENSITIVITY; TRANSISTOR AB We propose and demonstrate an all-optical approach to single-electron sensing using the optical transitions of a semiconductor quantum dot. The measured electric-field sensitivity of 5 (V/m)/root Hz corresponds to detecting a single electron located 5 mu m from the quantum dot-nearly 10 times greater than the diffraction limited spot size of the excitation laser-in 1 s. The quantum-dot-based electrometer is more sensitive than other devices operating at a temperature of 4.2 K or higher and further offers suppressed backaction on the measured system. C1 [Vamivakas, A. N.; Zhao, Y.; Atatuere, M.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Zhao, Y.] Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Falt, S.] Sol Volta AB, S-22370 Lund, Sweden. [Badolato, A.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Taylor, J. M.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Taylor, J. M.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vamivakas, AN (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Badolato, Antonio/E-9778-2015 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; FU University of Cambridge; EPSRC [EP/G000883/1]; Cambridge-MIT [P019]; A. v. Humboldt Foundation; LGFG FX This work was supported by grants and funds from the University of Cambridge, EPSRC Grant No. EP/G000883/1, and the Cambridge-MIT Exchange Grant No. P019. Y.Z. is supported by the A. v. Humboldt Foundation and LGFG. The authors thank Charles Smith and Naomi Nickerson for useful discussions and technical assistance. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 11 PY 2011 VL 107 IS 16 AR 166802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.166802 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 838KS UT WOS:000296289800012 PM 22107415 ER PT J AU Lang, TJ Li, JB Lyons, WA Cummer, SA Rutledge, SA MacGorman, DR AF Lang, Timothy J. Li, Jingbo Lyons, Walter A. Cummer, Steven A. Rutledge, Steven A. MacGorman, Donald R. TI Transient luminous events above two mesoscale convective systems: Charge moment change analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LOWER IONOSPHERE; POSITIVE CHARGE; SPRITES; CLOUD; IONIZATION; ELVES; THUNDERSTORMS; INITIATION; OKLAHOMA; CURRENTS AB Charge moment change (Delta M(Q)) data were examined for 41 positive cloud-to-ground (+CG) lightning discharges that were parents of transient luminous events (TLEs; mainly sprites) over two different storms: 9 May (20 parents) and 20 June 2007 (21). Data were broken down by contributions from the impulse Delta M(Q) (i Delta M(Q)), within the first 2 ms of the return stroke, and the Delta M(Q) from the continuing current (CC), which can last tens of ms afterward. Three-dimensional lightning mapping data provided positions for the in-cloud components of the parent +CGs. Charge and charge density neutralized by the strokes were estimated. The 20 June parents were more impulsive than 9 May, with increased i Delta M(Q) and CC amplitude but reduced CC duration. Total Delta M(Q) values between the two storms were very similar, averaging similar to 1800 C km. Estimated charge density on 20 June was nearly twice that on 9 May, consistent with the 20 June storm being more intense with a stronger electrical generator. Lightning metrics were analyzed for 9 high-i Delta M(Q) (>300 C km) +CGs that did not produce an observable TLE on 20 June, and compared to that day's TLE parents. Non-TLE +CGs had reduced CC magnitudes and duration, with less total Delta M(Q). Photogrammetric estimates of TLE azimuthal swaths were positively correlated with similar metrics of the in-cloud portions of the parent +CGs, as well with total Delta M(Q). The implications of all these results for the Delta M(Q) theory of sprite initiation, and for the relationship between sprite development and in-cloud discharging, are discussed. C1 [Lang, Timothy J.; Rutledge, Steven A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Li, Jingbo; Cummer, Steven A.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Lyons, Walter A.] FMA Res Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [MacGorman, Donald R.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Lang, TJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1371 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM tlang@atmos.colostate.edu RI Cummer, Steven/A-6118-2008; OI Cummer, Steven/0000-0002-0002-0613; Lang, Timothy/0000-0003-1576-572X; MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0649034, AGS-1010G6S7]; DARPA FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Thomas Nelson for serving as facilities manager for Yucca Ridge, and for maintaining the TLE monitoring equipment and database during 2007 observations. Jonathan Meyer assisted with the manual isolation of individual flashes in the LMA data. NLDN data were obtained from Vaisala, Inc. This research was funded in part by the National Science Foundation's Physical Meteorology program via grants ATM-0649034 and AGS-1010G6S7. Partial funding for this work also came from DARPA. NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 11 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A10306 DI 10.1029/2011JA016758 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 834TD UT WOS:000295986100004 ER PT J AU Wu, LS Janssen, Y Marques, C Bennett, MC Kim, MS Park, K Chi, SX Lynn, JW Lorusso, G Biasiol, G Aronson, MC AF Wu, L. S. Janssen, Y. Marques, C. Bennett, M. C. Kim, M. S. Park, K. Chi, Songxue Lynn, J. W. Lorusso, G. Biasiol, G. Aronson, M. C. TI Magnetic field tuning of antiferromagnetic Yb3Pt4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CRITICAL-POINT; CRITICALITY; METAMAGNETISM; SR3RU2O7; ELECTRON; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CERU2SI2; METALS AB We present measurements of the specific heat, magnetization, magnetocaloric effect, and magnetic neutron diffraction carried out on single crystals of antiferromagnetic Yb3Pt4, where highly localized Yb moments order at T-N = 2.4 K in zero field. The antiferromagnetic order was suppressed to T-N -> 0 by applying a field of 1.85 T in the ab plane. Magnetocaloric effect measurements show that the antiferromagnetic phase transition is always continuous for T-N > 0, although a pronounced step in the magnetization is observed at the critical field in both neutron diffraction and magnetization measurements. These steps sharpen with decreasing temperature, but the related divergences in the magnetic susceptibility are cut off at the lowest temperatures, where the phase line itself becomes vertical in the field-temperature plane. As T-N -> 0, the antiferromagnetic transition is increasingly influenced by a quantum critical end point, where T-N ultimately vanishes in a first-order phase transition. C1 [Wu, L. S.; Marques, C.; Kim, M. S.; Aronson, M. C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Janssen, Y.; Bennett, M. C.; Kim, M. S.; Park, K.; Aronson, M. C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Chi, Songxue; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chi, Songxue] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lorusso, G.] CNR, Inst NanoSci, I-41100 Modena, Italy. [Lorusso, G.] Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento Fis, I-41100 Modena, Italy. [Biasiol, G.] Lab Nazl TASC INFM, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. RP Wu, LS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Park, Keeseong/B-2435-2012; Biasiol, Giorgio/C-5465-2009; Lorusso, Giulia/L-9211-2013; Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013; Wu, Liusuo/A-5611-2016 OI Biasiol, Giorgio/0000-0001-7974-5459; Lorusso, Giulia/0000-0002-4078-6808; Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153; Wu, Liusuo/0000-0003-0103-5267 FU National Science Foundation [0907457] FX We would like to thank Julia Scherschligt for much help with the 3He probe during the neutron scattering experiments in NIST NCNR. We would also like to thank Neil Dilley (Quantum Designs) and Andrea Candini for useful discussions regarding the Hall sensor magnetometer, and for providing prototypes. Work at Stony Brook University is supported by the National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0907457. NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 11 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 13 AR 134409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.134409 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 832HH UT WOS:000295794300003 ER PT J AU Ward-Paige, CA Lotze, HK AF Ward-Paige, Christine A. Lotze, Heike K. TI Assessing the Value of Recreational Divers for Censusing Elasmobranchs SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PRESENCE-ABSENCE DATA; REEF FISHES; SHARKS; ABUNDANCE; DECLINES; BEHAVIOR; ISLANDS; TRENDS; CONSEQUENCES; TELEOSTEI AB Background: Around the world, researchers are using the observations and experiences of citizens to describe patterns in animal populations. This data is often collected via ongoing sampling or by synthesizing past experiences. Since elasmobranchs are relatively rare, obtaining data for broad-scale trend analysis requires high sampling effort. Elasmobranchs are also relatively large and conspicuous and therefore it may be possible to enlist recreational divers to collect data on their occurrence and relative abundance from daily dive activities. For this, however, a good understanding of the value of data collected by recreational divers is essential. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here, we explore the value of recreational divers for censusing elasmobranchs using a diverse set of data sources. First, we use a simulation experiment to explore detection rates of the roving diver technique, used by recreational divers, across a range of fish densities and speeds. Next, using a field survey, we show that inexperienced recreational divers detect and count elasmobranchs as well as experienced recreational divers. Finally, we use semi-structured interviews of recreational dive instructors to demonstrate the value of their recollections in terms of effort and their descriptions of spatial and temporal distributions of sharks in Thailand. Conclusions/Significance: Overall, this study provides initial ground-work for using recreational divers for monitoring elasmobranch populations. If used appropriately, citizen-collected data may provide additional information that can be used to complement more standardized surveys and to describe population trends across a range of spatial and temporal scales. Due to the non-extractive nature of this data, recreational divers may also provide important insight into the success of conservation initiatives, such as shark sanctuaries and no-take zones. C1 [Ward-Paige, Christine A.; Lotze, Heike K.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada. RP Ward-Paige, CA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL USA. EM globalshark@gmail.com FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NSERC FX Financial support was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada with grants to Dr. Lotze, and by the NSERC: http://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 25 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 10 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 10 AR e25609 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0025609 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 834OO UT WOS:000295971700013 PM 22016771 ER PT J AU Dennis, T Hale, PD AF Dennis, Tasshi Hale, Paul D. TI High-accuracy photoreceiver frequency response measurements at 1.55 mu m by use of a heterodyne phase-locked loop SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SAMPLING OSCILLOSCOPES; PHOTODETECTORS; CALIBRATION; PHOTODIODE; SYSTEM AB We demonstrate a high-accuracy heterodyne measurement system for characterizing the magnitude of the frequency response of highspeed 1.55 mu m photoreceivers from 2 MHz to greater than 50 GHz. At measurement frequencies below 2 GHz, we employ a phase-locked loop with a double-heterodyne detection scheme, which enables precise tuning of the heterodyne beat frequency with an RF synthesizer. At frequencies above 2 GHz the system is operated in free-run mode with thermal tuning of the laser beat frequency. We estimate the measurement uncertainties for the low frequency range and compare the measured high-frequency response of a photoreceiver to a measurement using electro-optic sampling. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Dennis, Tasshi; Hale, Paul D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dennis, T (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tasshi@boulder.nist.gov RI Hale, Paul/B-1737-2013 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 10 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 21 BP 20103 EP 20114 DI 10.1364/OE.19.020103 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 835VV UT WOS:000296065700035 PM 21997021 ER PT J AU Liu, YX Xu, H Stief, F Zhitenev, N Yu, M AF Liu, Yuxiang Xu, Hua Stief, Felix Zhitenev, Nikolai Yu, Miao TI Far-field superfocusing with an optical fiber based surface plasmonic lens made of nanoscale concentric annular slits SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID AZIMUTHALLY POLARIZED-LIGHT; CIRCULAR NANOSLITS AB We present experimental demonstration of light superfocusing by using an optical fiber based surface plasmonic (SP) lens with nanoscale concentric annular slits. A far-field, sub-diffraction-limit sized focus was achieved with an optical fiber based device. The performance of SP lenses with three and four annular slits was experimentally characterized. Guidelines and suggestions on designing the SP lens are provided. As a microscale device with nanoscale features, the fiber-based SP lens can provide a solution to bridging nanophotonics and conventional optics. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Liu, Yuxiang; Stief, Felix; Yu, Miao] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Xu, Hua; Zhitenev, Nikolai] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Hua; Yu, Miao] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Liu, YX (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mmyu@umd.edu RI Liu, Yuxiang/G-9561-2011; Yu, Miao/M-6252-2013; Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014 OI Yu, Miao/0000-0003-4180-5094; FU NSF [CMMI1031331]; NIST-CNST/UMD-Nanocenter; Maryland NanoCenter; Maryland NanoCenter, FabLab; Maryland NanoCenter, NispLab; NSF as a MRSEC FX Support received from NSF (CMMI1031331) is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also partially supported by the NIST-CNST/UMD-Nanocenter Cooperative Agreement. The authors would like to thank the staff of the NanoFab at the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology for the help with the fabrication process development. The authors also acknowledge the support of the Maryland NanoCenter and its FabLab and NispLab. The NispLab is supported in part by the NSF as a MRSEC Shared Experimental Facility. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 18 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 10 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 21 BP 20233 EP 20243 DI 10.1364/OE.19.020233 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 835VV UT WOS:000296065700047 PM 21997034 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DE Kenaley, CP AF Stevenson, Duane E. Kenaley, Christopher P. TI Revision of the Manefish Genus Paracaristius (Teleostei: Percomorpha: Caristiidae), with Descriptions of a New Genus and Three New Species SO COPEIA LA English DT Article AB The family Caristlidae, commonly known as manefishes or veilfins, includes seven species of mesopelagic, oceanic fishes found throughout the major ocean basins of the world. We present a partial revision of the family, including all of the "small mouth" species, which are distinguished from other species of the family by having an upper jaw that extends approximately to midorbit and is almost completely covered by the thin bones of the suborbital series, a broad suborbital space, and by the lack of palatine teeth. This group, previously thought to include only the genus Paracaristius, is described in full, including the establishment of a new genus and three new species. The new genus Neocaristius includes only Neocaristius heemstrai, a distinctive species that is distinguished from all other species in this group by dentition, lateral-line morphology, dorsal-fin origin, and orbit size, as well as other meristic and morphometric characters. Neocaristius heemstrai is a circumaustral species, known from the South Atlantic, South Pacific, and southern Indian Ocean. The genus Paracaristius includes four species, P. maderensis and three species newly described herein. Species of Paracaristius are distinguished from each other on the basis of meristics, dentition, presence or absence of papillae on the hyoid arch, and placement of the dorsal fin. Two species of Paracaristius, P. nemorosus, new species, and P. aquilus, new species, are apparently resticted to the eastern tropical Atlantic, while the other two, P. nudarcus, new species, and P. maderensis are more widespread. C1 [Stevenson, Duane E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kenaley, Christopher P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Burke Museum Nat Hist & Culture, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Stevenson, DE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM duane.stevenson@noaa.gov; ckenaley@uw.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD OCT 10 PY 2011 IS 3 BP 385 EP 399 DI 10.1643/CI-10-129 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 833BD UT WOS:000295855900006 ER PT J AU Moore, S MacCrehan, W Schantz, M AF Moore, Stephanie MacCrehan, William Schantz, Michele TI Evaluation of vapor profiles of explosives over time using ATASS (Automated Training Aid Simulation using SPME) SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE SPME; Explosives; Canine detection; TATP ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; RECOVERY; DEBRIS; TATP AB Despite numerous instrumental achievements, canines are still considered the most effective field method for explosive detection. However, due to strict explosive regulations and safety requirements, it can be a challenge for agencies with "bomb dogs'' to train using neat explosive materials. This establishes a need for non-explosive canine training aids with the same volatile component profiles as the explosives that they represent. In order to compare mimic materials to their explosive counterparts, a technique must be established that not only allows for identification of volatile compounds but also can monitor changes in the headspace profile over time with respect to time and temperature. The Automated Training Aid Simulation using SPME (or ATASS) was developed for that purpose. As described, ATASS was used to observe changes in the volatile profile of three explosives (Composition C-4, 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), and triacetone triperoxide (TATP)) and respective prototype training materials (0.1% by mass C-4, 1% by mass 2,4-DNT, and 1% by mass TATP). Samples were prepared in vials and metal tins within a gallon (approximate to 3785 mL) paint can to simulate common field techniques for canine training. Monitoring these materials in real time provides a better understanding of the major volatile components present and how the relative abundances of these components can change over time. The results presented indicate that ATASS successfully allows for a sufficient comparison between explosive and non-explosive training materials. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Moore, Stephanie; MacCrehan, William; Schantz, Michele] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP MacCrehan, W (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.maccrehan@nist.gov FU Office of Standards, Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security [HSHQDC-09-X-00424] FX This project had partial support from the Office of Standards, Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security contract HSHQDC-09-X-00424. The authors would also like to thank Richard Strobel for providing the TATP donation and the Gerstel, Inc. team in Linthicum, MD for their technical support. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD OCT 10 PY 2011 VL 212 IS 1-3 BP 90 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.05.019 PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 814XK UT WOS:000294490300023 PM 21696900 ER PT J AU Wang, CZ Liu, HL Lee, SK Atlas, R AF Wang, Chunzai Liu, Hailong Lee, Sang-Ki Atlas, Robert TI Impact of the Atlantic warm pool on United States landfalling hurricanes SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VARIABILITY; SUMMER; TRACKS AB The 2010 Atlantic hurricane season was extremely active, but no hurricanes made landfall in the United States, raising a question of what dictated the hurricane track. Here we use observations from 1970-2010 (also extending back to 1950) and numerical model experiments to show that the Atlantic warm pool (AWP) - a large body of warm water comprised of the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea and the western tropical North Atlantic - plays an important role in the hurricane track. An eastward expansion of the AWP shifts the hurricane genesis location eastward, decreasing the possibility for a hurricane to make landfall. A large AWP also induces barotropic stationary wave patterns that weaken the North Atlantic subtropical high and produce the eastward steering flow anomalies along the eastern seaboard of the United States. Due to these two mechanisms, hurricanes are steered toward the northeast without making landfall in the United States. Although the La Nina event in the Pacific may be associated with the increased number of Atlantic hurricanes, its relationship with landfalling activity has been offset in 2010 by the effect of the extremely large AWP. Citation: Wang, C., H. Liu, S.-K. Lee, and R. Atlas (2011), Impact of the Atlantic warm pool on United States landfalling hurricanes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L19702, doi:10.1029/2011GL049265. C1 [Wang, Chunzai; Liu, Hailong; Lee, Sang-Ki; Atlas, Robert] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Liu, Hailong; Lee, Sang-Ki] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM chunzai.wang@noaa.gov RI Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560; Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA AOML FX We thank S. Aberson, F. Marks, C. Landsea and anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. This work was supported by NOAA Climate Program Office and the base funding of NOAA AOML. NR 16 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 7 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L19702 DI 10.1029/2011GL049265 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 832JT UT WOS:000295801700007 ER PT J AU Clausen, LBN Baker, JBH Ruohoniemi, JM Singer, HJ AF Clausen, L. B. N. Baker, J. B. H. Ruohoniemi, J. M. Singer, H. J. TI EMIC waves observed at geosynchronous orbit during solar minimum: Statistics and excitation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; GEOMAGNETIC MICROPULSATIONS; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; RING CURRENT; STORMS; WIND; DISTRIBUTIONS; PLASMASPHERE; PLASMAPAUSE; PULSATIONS AB We identified 1875 wave events in magnetic field data from geosynchronous orbit. Most of these events were transverse with respect to the background magnetic field, left-hand polarized, and were observed in the post-noon magnetic local time sector at frequencies just below the helium gyrofrequency. Combined, these observations strongly suggest that most of these events are Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron (EMIC) waves. Average wave amplitudes are presented, binned by frequency, geomagnetic activity and magnetic local time. The amplitude increases with increasing geomagnetic activity; increased activity also narrows the local time sector in which the waves are observed. A superposed epoch analysis of solar wind parameters and geomagnetic activity indices shows that 12 hours before wave onset the AE and Kp index increased, indicating storm and substorm activity that injects hot ion populations needed to drive the EMIC instability and providing ample time for those populations to drift into the post-noon local time sector. Just before wave onset a sudden enhancement in the AE index and the solar wind dynamic pressure are observed, indicating that a final perturbation of the magnetosphere is needed to excite EMIC wave growth. EMIC waves are thought to cause loss of relativistic particles in the radiation belt. Large solar wind densities have been associated with low flux of relativistic particles during the recovery phase of geomagnetic storms. We show that EMIC waves are preferentially generated during intervals of large solar wind density, indicating that such conditions drive EMIC waves which in turn cause enhanced loss of relativistic particles. C1 [Clausen, L. B. N.; Baker, J. B. H.; Ruohoniemi, J. M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Clausen, LBN (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM lasse.clausen@vt.edu FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0924919, ATM-0849031, ATM-0946900] FX LBNC acknowledges funding from the National Science Foundation under grant ATM-0924919. JBHB and JMR acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation under grants ATM-0849031 and ATM-0946900. NR 46 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 7 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A10205 DI 10.1029/2011JA016823 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 832MK UT WOS:000295808900002 ER PT J AU O'Connor, B Kline, RJ Conrad, BR Richter, LJ Gundlach, D Toney, MF DeLongchamp, DM AF O'Connor, Brendan Kline, R. Joseph Conrad, Brad R. Richter, Lee J. Gundlach, David Toney, Michael F. DeLongchamp, Dean M. TI Anisotropic Structure and Charge Transport in Highly Strain-Aligned Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; POLYFLUORENE COPOLYMER FILMS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; THERMOTROPIC ALIGNMENT; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; MOBILITY; ORIENTATION; PENTACENE; CRYSTALS AB A novel method of strain-aligning polymer films is introduced and applied to regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), showing several important features of charge transport. The polymer backbone is shown to align in the direction of applied strain resulting in a large charge-mobility anisotropy, where the in-plane mobility increases in the applied strain direction and decreases in the perpendicular direction. In the aligned film, the hole mobility is successfully represented by a two-dimensional tensor, suggesting that charge transport parallel to the polymer backbone within a P3HT crystal is strongly favored over the other crystallographic directions. Hole mobility parallel to the backbone is shown to be high for a mixture of plane-on and edge-on packing configurations, as the strain alignment is found to induce a significant face-on orientation of the originally highly edge-on oriented crystalline regions of the film. This alignment approach can achieve an optical dichroic ratio of 4.8 and a charge-mobility anisotropy of 9, providing a simple and effective method to investigate charge-transport mechanisms in polymer semiconductors. C1 [Conrad, Brad R.; Gundlach, David] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [O'Connor, Brendan; Kline, R. Joseph; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Richter, Lee J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP O'Connor, B (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM deand@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; O'Connor, Brendan/K-8640-2012; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016; OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724; Conrad, Brad/0000-0001-5192-2441 FU NIST National Research Council; C.L. Soles; Electronic Materials Group NIST Polymers Division FX Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The authors would like to thank Edwin Chan and Peter Johnson for helpful conversations. B.O'C. and B.C. would like to acknowledge the NIST National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. Support from C.L. Soles and the Electronic Materials Group NIST Polymers Division is also acknowledged. NR 44 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 9 U2 92 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD OCT 7 PY 2011 VL 21 IS 19 BP 3697 EP 3705 DI 10.1002/adfm.201100904 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 824TK UT WOS:000295224900012 ER PT J AU Chan, MKY Shirley, EL Karan, NK Balasubramanian, M Ren, Y Greeley, JP Fister, TT AF Chan, Maria K. Y. Shirley, Eric L. Karan, Naba K. Balasubramanian, Mahalingam Ren, Yang Greeley, Jeffrey P. Fister, Tim T. TI Structure of Lithium Peroxide SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED-GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; LI2O2 AB The reliable identification of lithium oxide species, especially lithium peroxide (Li2O2), is of vital importance to the study of Li-air batteries. Previous X-ray diffraction studies of Li2O2 resulted in the proposal of two disparate structures by Feher and Foppl. In this Letter, we assess these competing Li2O2 structures using a combination of the following X-ray and first-principles techniques: (i) high-energy X-ray diffraction (XRD), (ii) comparisons of the measured nonresonant inelastic X-ray scattering (NIXS) spectra with those computed from first principles using the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE), and (iii) comparison of thermochemistry data with the formation enthalpies obtained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations using a hybrid functional. All three approaches result in the identification of Foppl's proposal as the more appropriate structure for Li2O2. The measured and computed spectra and data presented in this Letter are useful as benchmarks for future characterization of Li2O2. SECTION: Molecular Structure, Quantum Chemistry, General Theory C1 [Greeley, Jeffrey P.; Fister, Tim T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Karan, Naba K.; Balasubramanian, Mahalingam; Ren, Yang] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Shirley, Eric L.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fister, TT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mali@aps.anl.gov; fister@anl.gov RI Chan, Maria /B-7940-2011 OI Chan, Maria /0000-0003-0922-1363 FU Center for Electrical Energy Storage: Tailored Interfaces, an Energy Frontier Research Center; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; DOE-TIES [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSERC; University of Washington; Simon Fraser University FX Helpful discussion with Brian Toby on the Rietveld refinement of XRD data is gratefully acknowledged. M.K.Y.C., J.P.G., and T.T.F. acknowledge funding from the Center for Electrical Energy Storage: Tailored Interfaces, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Work at Argonne National Lab and the Advanced Photon Source is funded DOE-TIES under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. PNC/XSD (sector 20) facilities at the Advanced Photon Source are additionally supported by a Major Resources Support grant from NSERC, University of Washington, and Simon Fraser University. M.K.Y.C. and J.P.G. gratefully acknowledge use of the Fusion cluster in the Laboratory Computing Resource Center at Argonne National Laboratory. NR 16 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 80 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD OCT 6 PY 2011 VL 2 IS 19 BP 2483 EP 2486 DI 10.1021/jz201072b PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 846JM UT WOS:000296893500019 ER PT J AU Pushin, DA Huber, MG Arif, M Cory, DG AF Pushin, D. A. Huber, M. G. Arif, M. Cory, D. G. TI Experimental Realization of Decoherence-Free Subspace in Neutron Interferometry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM ERROR-CORRECTION; WAVE INTERFEROMETRY; EARTHS ROTATION; COMPUTATION; DIFFRACTION; INFORMATION; SYSTEM; ATOMS; PHASE; LIGHT AB A decoherence-free subspace (DFS) is an important class of quantum-error-correcting (QEC) codes that have been proposed for fault-tolerant quantum computation. The applications of QEC techniques, however, are not limited to quantum-information processing (QIP). Here we demonstrate how QEC codes may be used to improve experimental designs of quantum devices to achieve noise suppression. In particular, neutron interferometry is used as a test bed to show the potential for adding quantum error correction to quantum measurements. We built a five-blade neutron interferometer that incorporates both a standard Mach-Zender configuration and a configuration based on a DFS. Experiments verify that the DFS interferometer is protected against low-frequency mechanical vibrations. We anticipate these improvements will increase the range of applications for matter-wave interferometry. C1 [Pushin, D. A.; Cory, D. G.] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Huber, M. G.; Arif, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cory, D. G.] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON, Canada. [Cory, D. G.] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Cory, D. G.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Pushin, DA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM mitja@mit.edu OI Pushin, Dmitry/0000-0002-4594-3403 FU National Security Agency (NSA) under Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF-05-1-0469]; Canada Excellence Research Chairs program; NIST FX This work was supported in part by the National Security Agency (NSA) under Army Research Office (ARO) Contract No. W911NF-05-1-0469, and by the Canada Excellence Research Chairs program. Support from NIST is also gratefully acknowledged. Research was performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. The authors are grateful to Sam Potts and University of Missouri-Columbia Physics machine shop for machining the interferometer, and for discussions with C. W. Clark, D. L. Jacobson, T. Borneman, R. A. Barankov, P. Cappellaro, E. R. Sparks, and G. L. Greene. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 6 PY 2011 VL 107 IS 15 AR 150401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.150401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 838KK UT WOS:000296288500001 PM 22107271 ER PT J AU Croft, JFE Wallis, AOG Hutson, JM Julienne, PS AF Croft, James F. E. Wallis, Alisdair O. G. Hutson, Jeremy M. Julienne, Paul S. TI Multichannel quantum defect theory for cold molecular collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; ATOMIC SCATTERING; GENERAL-FORM; PREDISSOCIATION; GAS; FIELD AB Multichannel quantum defect theory (MQDT) is shown to be capable of producing quantitatively accurate results for low-energy atom-molecule scattering calculations. With a suitable choice of reference potential and short-range matching distance, it is possible to define a matrix that encapsulates the short-range collision dynamics and is only weakly dependent on energy and magnetic field. Once this has been produced, calculations at additional energies and fields can be performed at a computational cost that is proportional to the number of channels N and not to N(3). MQDT thus provides a promising method for carrying out low-energy molecular scattering calculations on systems where full exploration of the energy dependence and the field dependence is currently impractical. C1 [Croft, James F. E.; Wallis, Alisdair O. G.; Hutson, Jeremy M.] Univ Durham, Dept Chem, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Julienne, Paul S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Croft, JFE (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Chem, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RI Hutson, Jeremy/F-4748-2012; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012; OI Hutson, Jeremy/0000-0002-4344-6622; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442; CROFT, JAMES/0000-0003-3264-5869 FU EPSRC FX JMH is grateful to Chris Greene and John Bohn for interesting him in this project. The authors thank Maykel Leonardo Gonzalez-Martinez and Jesus Aldegunde for exploratory work on molecular applications of MQDT at the beginning of the project. JFEC is grateful to EPSRC for financial support. NR 59 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 6 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 4 AR 042703 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.042703 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 830AF UT WOS:000295628100007 ER PT J AU Polyakov, SV Muller, A Flagg, EB Ling, A Borjemscaia, N Van Keuren, E Migdall, A Solomon, GS AF Polyakov, Sergey V. Muller, Andreas Flagg, Edward B. Ling, Alex Borjemscaia, Natalia Van Keuren, Edward Migdall, Alan Solomon, Glenn S. TI Coalescence of Single Photons Emitted by Disparate Single-Photon Sources: The Example of InAs Quantum Dots and Parametric Down-Conversion Sources SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC ENSEMBLES; INTERFERENCE; MEMORY; LIGHT; PAIRS; IONS AB Single photons produced by fundamentally dissimilar physical processes will in general not be indistinguishable. We show how photons produced from a quantum dot and by parametric down-conversion in a nonlinear crystal can be manipulated to be indistinguishable. The measured two-photon coalescence probability is 16%, and is limited by quantum-dot decoherence. Temporal filtering to the quantum-dot coherence time and accounting for detector time response increases this to 61% while retaining 25% of the events. This technique can connect different elements in a scalable quantum network. C1 [Polyakov, Sergey V.; Muller, Andreas; Flagg, Edward B.; Ling, Alex; Borjemscaia, Natalia; Migdall, Alan; Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Polyakov, Sergey V.; Muller, Andreas; Flagg, Edward B.; Ling, Alex; Borjemscaia, Natalia; Migdall, Alan; Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Borjemscaia, Natalia; Van Keuren, Edward] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Solomon, GS (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM glenn.solomon@nist.gov RI Van Keuren, Edward/E-5581-2010; Flagg, Edward/G-2897-2013; Ling, Alexander/G-7331-2012 OI Van Keuren, Edward/0000-0001-8348-7587; Flagg, Edward/0000-0002-8065-4092; Ling, Alexander/0000-0001-5866-1141 FU NSF Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX We acknowledge partial support from the NSF Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute, and thank Elizabeth Goldschmidt for helpful discussions. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 5 PY 2011 VL 107 IS 15 AR 157402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.157402 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 838KC UT WOS:000296287300010 PM 22107318 ER PT J AU Kershner, J Samhouri, JF James, CA Levin, PS AF Kershner, Jessi Samhouri, Jameal F. James, C. Andrew Levin, Phillip S. TI Selecting Indicator Portfolios for Marine Species and Food Webs: A Puget Sound Case Study SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MULTICRITERIA DECISION-ANALYSIS; ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS; CONSERVATION; FRAMEWORK; FISHERIES; POPULATIONS; BIODIVERSITY; CHALLENGES; DIVERSITY AB Ecosystem-based management (EBM) has emerged as a promising approach for maintaining the benefits humans want and need from the ocean, yet concrete approaches for implementing EBM remain scarce. A key challenge lies in the development of indicators that can provide useful information on ecosystem status and trends, and assess progress towards management goals. In this paper, we describe a generalized framework for the methodical and transparent selection of ecosystem indicators. We apply the framework to the second largest estuary in the United States - Puget Sound, Washington - where one of the most advanced EBM processes is currently underway. Rather than introduce a new method, this paper integrates a variety of familiar approaches into one step-by-step approach that will lead to more consistent and reliable reporting on ecosystem condition. Importantly, we demonstrate how a framework linking indicators to policy goals, as well as a clearly defined indicator evaluation and scoring process, can result in a portfolio of useful and complementary indicators based on the needs of different users (e. g., policy makers and scientists). Although the set of indicators described in this paper is specific to marine species and food webs, we provide a general approach that could be applied to any set of management objectives or ecological system. C1 [Kershner, Jessi] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Samhouri, Jameal F.; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [James, C. Andrew] Univ Washington, Ctr Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA USA. RP Kershner, J (reprint author), EcoAdapt, Bainbridge Isl, WA USA. EM jessikershner@gmail.com FU Puget Sound Partnership; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Puget Sound Partnership and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Dr. Samhouri). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 72 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 35 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 4 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 10 AR e25248 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0025248 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 834MB UT WOS:000295963300007 PM 21991305 ER PT J AU Arora, B Safronova, MS Clark, CW AF Arora, Bindiya Safronova, M. S. Clark, Charles W. TI Tune-out wavelengths of alkali-metal atoms and their applications SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MATRIX-ELEMENTS; POLAR-MOLECULES; FERMI GAS AB Using first-principles calculations, we identify "tune-out" optical wavelengths, lambda(zero), for which the ground-state frequency-dependent polarizabilities of alkali-metal atoms vanish. Our approach uses high-precision, relativistic all-order method in which all single, double, and partial triple excitations of the Dirac-Fock wave functions are included to all orders of perturbation theory. We discuss the use of tune-out wavelengths for sympathetic cooling in two-species mixtures of alkali metals with group II and other elements of interest. Special cases in which these wavelengths coincide with strong resonance transitions in a target system are identified. C1 [Arora, Bindiya] IISER Mohali, Dept Phys, Mohali, India. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Arora, B (reprint author), IISER Mohali, Dept Phys, Mohali, India. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 FU US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center [PHY-0822671]; Department of Science and Technology, India FX This research was performed under the sponsorship of the US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and was supported by the National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center Grant PHY-0822671. This work was performed in part under the sponsorship of the Department of Science and Technology, India. We thank Joseph Reader and Craig Sansonetti for helpful discussions. NR 61 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 4 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 4 AR 043401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.043401 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 829ZK UT WOS:000295625900007 ER PT J AU Altman, WR Moreland, J Russek, SE Han, BW Bright, VM AF Altman, Wendy R. Moreland, John Russek, Stephen E. Han, Bruce W. Bright, Victor M. TI Controlled transport of superparamagnetic beads with spin-valves SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE biological techniques; biomagnetism; bioMEMS; microfluidics; molecular biophysics; permanent magnets; proteins; spin valves; superparamagnetism ID MANIPULATION; PARTICLES; SYSTEMS; DEVICES AB Trapping, release, and transport of individual, or ensembles of, 2.8 mu m superparamagnetic beads (SPB) functionalized with streptavidin were demonstrated with an addressable array of spin-valve (SV) traps integrated into a microfluidic channel. The linear array consists of two staggered lines of 1 mu m x 8 mu m SVs toggled "on" or "off" with 10ms and 150 mA or -100 mA current pulses, respectively. The SPB is trapped when the SV is "on" and released or ignored when the SV is "off". This "switchable permanent magnet" offers a low power alternative to other precision microfluidic transport devices. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3645615] C1 [Altman, Wendy R.; Bright, Victor M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Altman, Wendy R.; Moreland, John; Russek, Stephen E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Han, Bruce W.] Univ Colorado, Chem & Biol Engn Dept, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Altman, WR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM wendy.r.altman@gmail.com FU NIST/NSF FX Funding for Bruce W. Han was provided by the NIST/NSF Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 3 PY 2011 VL 99 IS 14 AR 143703 DI 10.1063/1.3645615 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 829ZE UT WOS:000295625100106 ER PT J AU Manmana, SR Hazzard, KRA Chen, G Feiguin, AE Rey, AM AF Manmana, Salvatore R. Hazzard, Kaden R. A. Chen, Gang Feiguin, Adrian E. Rey, Ana Maria TI SU(N) magnetism in chains of ultracold alkaline-earth-metal atoms: Mott transitions and quantum correlations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MATRIX RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; DEGENERATE HUBBARD-MODEL; BOND GROUND-STATES; VALENCE-BOND; INSULATOR-TRANSITION; OPTICAL LATTICE; GROUP ALGORITHM; SPIN NEMATICS; ONE-DIMENSION; ANTIFERROMAGNETS AB We investigate one-dimensional SU(N) Hubbard chains at zero temperature, which can be emulated with ultracold alkaline-earth-metal atoms, by using the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG), Bethe ansatz (BA), and bosonization. We compute experimental observables and use the DMRG to benchmark the accuracy of the Bethe ansatz for N > 2 where the BA is only approximate. In the worst case, we find a relative error epsilon less than or similar to 4% in the BA ground-state energy for N <= 4 at filling 1/N, which is due to the fact that BA improperly treats the triply and higher occupied states. Using the DMRG for N <= 4 and the BA for large N, we determine the regimes of validity of strong-and weak-coupling perturbation theory for all values of N and, in particular, the parameter range in which the system is well described by a SU(N) Heisenberg model at filling 1/N. We find this depends only weakly on N. We investigate the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition from a Luttinger liquid to a Mott insulator by computing the fidelity susceptibility and the Luttinger parameter K-rho at 1/N filling. The numerical findings give strong evidence that the fidelity susceptibility develops a minimum at a critical interaction strength which is found to occur at a finite positive value for N > 2. C1 [Manmana, Salvatore R.; Hazzard, Kaden R. A.; Chen, Gang; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Manmana, Salvatore R.; Hazzard, Kaden R. A.; Chen, Gang; Rey, Ana Maria] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Manmana, Salvatore R.; Hazzard, Kaden R. A.; Chen, Gang; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Feiguin, Adrian E.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Manmana, SR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Manmana, Salvatore /C-9822-2011 OI Manmana, Salvatore /0000-0002-4070-0576 FU NSF (PFC) [PIF-0904017, DMR-0955707]; AFOSR; ARO (DARPA-OLE); NSF FX We acknowledge useful discussions with Michael Hermele, Victor Gurarie, Ors Legeza, Jeno Solyom, Edina Szirmai, and Simon Folling, as well as funding by NSF (PFC, PIF-0904017, and DMR-0955707), the AFOSR, and the ARO (DARPA-OLE). We also acknowledge computer time at ARSC. Also, K.R.A.H. and G.C. thank the Aspen Center for Physics, which is supported by NSF, for its hospitality during the writing of this paper. NR 132 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 3 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 4 AR 043601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.043601 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 828ED UT WOS:000295483300008 ER PT J AU Gaulin, BD Gardner, JS McClarty, PA Gingras, MJP AF Gaulin, B. D. Gardner, J. S. McClarty, P. A. Gingras, M. J. P. TI Lack of evidence for a singlet crystal-field ground state in the magnetic pyrochlore Tb2Ti2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANTIFERROMAGNET TB2TI2O7 AB We present high-resolution inelastic neutron scattering data on the candidate spin liquid Tb2Ti2O7. We find that there is no evidence for a zero-field splitting of the ground-state doublet within the 0.2 K resolution of the instrument. This result contrasts with a pair of recent works claiming that the spin-liquid behavior of Tb2Ti2O7 can be attributed to a 2 K split singlet-singlet single-ion spectrum at low energies. We also reconsider the entropy argument presented by Chapuis et al. [Phys. Rev. B 82, 100420 (2010)] as further evidence of a singlet-singlet crystal-field spectrum. We argue that estimates of the low-temperature residual entropy drawn from specific heat measurements are a poor guide to the single-ion spectrum without a proper understanding of the nature of the correlations in the spin-liquid regime. C1 [Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gaulin, B. D.; Gingras, M. J. P.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McClarty, P. A.; Gingras, M. J. P.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [McClarty, P. A.] Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RP Gaulin, BD (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RI Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013 FU NSERC of Canada; Canada Research Chair program FX This research was funded by the NSERC of Canada and the Canada Research Chair program (M.J.P.G., Tier I).f NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 3 PY 2011 VL 84 IS 14 AR 140402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.140402 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 828FK UT WOS:000295486700003 ER PT J AU Damiani, E Proctor, S Singhal, A AF Damiani, Ernesto Proctor, Seth Singhal, Anoop TI Guest Editorial: Security and Dependability in SOA and Business Processes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SERVICES COMPUTING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Damiani, Ernesto] Univ Milan, Dept Informat Technol, I-20122 Milan, Italy. [Proctor, Seth] NimbusDB, Cambridge, MD USA. [Singhal, Anoop] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Damiani, E (reprint author), Univ Milan, Dept Informat Technol, I-20122 Milan, Italy. EM ernesto.damiani@unimi.it; stp@alumni.brown.edu; anoop.singhal@nist.gov RI damiani, ernesto/J-6060-2012 OI damiani, ernesto/0000-0002-9557-6496 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1939-1374 J9 IEEE T SERV COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput. PD OCT-DEC PY 2011 VL 4 IS 4 BP 255 EP 256 DI 10.1109/TSC.2011.56 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 900IP UT WOS:000300880700001 ER PT J AU Sentman, LT Shevliakova, E Stouffer, RJ Malyshev, S AF Sentman, Lori T. Shevliakova, Elena Stouffer, Ronald J. Malyshev, Sergey TI Time Scales of Terrestrial Carbon Response Related to Land-Use Application: Implications for Initializing an Earth System Model SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Terrestrial carbon; Land use ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; ANNUAL NET FLUX; ATMOSPHERE; BALANCE; SINK; CO2 AB The dynamic vegetation and carbon cycling component, LM3V, of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) prototype Earth system model (ESM2.1), has been designed to simulate the effects of land use on terrestrial carbon pools, including secondary vegetation regrowth. Because of the long time scales associated with the carbon adjustment, special consideration is required when initializing the ESM when historical simulations are conducted. Starting from an equilibrated, preindustrial climate and potential vegetation state in an offline land-only model (LM3V), estimates of historical land use are instantaneously applied in five experiments beginning in the following calendar years: 1500, 1600, 1700, 1750, and 1800. This application results in the land carbon pools experiencing an abrupt change-a carbon shock-and the secondary vegetation needs time to regrow into consistency with the harvesting history. The authors find that it takes approximately 100 years for the vegetation to recover from the carbon shock, whereas soils take at least 150 years to recover. The vegetation carbon response is driven primarily by land-use history, whereas the soil carbon response is affected by both land-use history and the geographic pattern of soil respiration rates. Based on these results, the authors recommend the application of historical land-use scenarios in 1700 to provide sufficient time for the land carbon in ESMs with secondary vegetation to equilibrate to adequately simulate carbon stores at the start of the historical integrations (i.e., 1860) in a computationally efficient manner. C1 [Sentman, Lori T.; Stouffer, Ronald J.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Shevliakova, Elena; Malyshev, Sergey] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Sentman, LT (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM lori.sentman@noaa.gov RI Sentman, Lori/D-4402-2014; Shevliakova, Elena/J-5770-2014 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 15 AR 30 DI 10.1175/2011EI401.1 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 897AG UT WOS:000300612400001 ER PT J AU Gaither, MS DelRio, FW Gates, RS Cook, RF AF Gaither, Michael S. DelRio, Frank W. Gates, Richard S. Cook, Robert F. TI Deformation and fracture of single-crystal silicon theta-like specimens SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MEASURING MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELASTIC-MODULUS; INDENTATION TECHNIQUES; MICROCANTILEVER BEAMS; SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; SMALL-SCALE; STRENGTH; STRESS; MEMS; SIZE AB Single-crystal silicon test specimens, fabricated by lithography and deep reactive ion etching (DRIE), were used to measure microscale deformation and fracture properties. The mechanical properties of two specimen geometries, both in the form of a Greek letter Theta (theta), were measured using an instrumented indentation system. The DRIE process generated two different surface structures leading to two strength distributions that were specimen geometry independent: One distribution, centered about 2.1 GPa, was controlled by 35 nm surface roughness of scallops; the second distribution, centered about 1.4 GPa, was controlled by larger, 150 nm, pitting defects. Finite element analyses (FEA) converted measured loads into strengths; tensile elastic measurements validated the FEA. Fractographic observations verified failure locations. The theta specimen and testing protocols are shown to be extremely effective at testing statistically relevant (hundreds) numbers of samples to establish processing-structure-property relationships at ultrasmall scales and for determining design parameters for components of microelectromechanical systems. C1 [Gaither, Michael S.; DelRio, Frank W.; Gates, Richard S.; Cook, Robert F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Nanomech Properties Grp, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gaither, MS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Nanomech Properties Grp, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.gaither@nist.gov NR 76 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 26 IS 20 BP 2575 EP 2589 DI 10.1557/jmr.2011.319 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 886SA UT WOS:000299873000001 ER PT J AU Hattrick-Simpers, JR Tan, ZP Oguchi, H Chiu, C Heilweil, EJ Maslar, JE Bendersky, LA AF Hattrick-Simpers, Jason R. Tan, Zhuopeng Oguchi, Hiroyuki Chiu, Chun Heilweil, Edwin J. Maslar, James E. Bendersky, Leonid A. TI A combinatorial characterization scheme for high-throughput investigations of hydrogen storage materials SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE high-throughput; hydrogen storage; spectroscopy ID DEPOSITION; PHASE AB In order to increase measurement throughput, a characterization scheme has been developed that accurately measures the hydrogen storage properties of materials in quantities ranging from 10 ng to 1 g. Initial identification of promising materials is realized by rapidly screening thin-film composition spread and thickness wedge samples using normalized IR emissivity imaging. The hydrogen storage properties of promising samples are confirmed through measurements on single-composition films with high-sensitivity (resolution < 0.3 mu g) Sievert's-type apparatus. For selected samples, larger quantities of up to similar to 100 mg may be prepared and their (de) hydrogenation and micro-structural properties probed via parallel in situ Raman spectroscopy. Final confirmation of the hydrogen storage properties is obtained on similar to 1 g powder samples using a combined Raman spectroscopy/Sievert's apparatus. C1 [Hattrick-Simpers, Jason R.; Chiu, Chun; Bendersky, Leonid A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tan, Zhuopeng] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Oguchi, Hiroyuki] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Maslar, James E.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hattrick-Simpers, JR (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM simpers@cec.sc.edu RI Oguchi, Hiroyuki/R-5305-2016 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL INST MATERIALS SCIENCE PI IBARAKI PA NATL INST MATERIALS SCIENCE, 1-2-1 SENGEN, TSUKUBA-CITY, IBARAKI, 305-0047, JAPAN SN 1468-6996 J9 SCI TECHNOL ADV MAT JI Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 12 IS 5 AR 054207 DI 10.1088/1468-6996/12/5/054207 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 888NH UT WOS:000300010100007 PM 27877434 ER PT J AU Bulygina, ON Groisman, PY Razuvaev, VN Korshunova, NN AF Bulygina, O. N. Groisman, P. Ya Razuvaev, V. N. Korshunova, N. N. TI Changes in snow cover characteristics over Northern Eurasia since 1966 SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE snow cover; climate characteristics; maximum winter snow depth; snow water equivalent; linear trends ID SUMMER MONSOON; HEMISPHERE; VARIABILITY; DEPTH; STATE; ASIA AB Current snow state descriptions and estimates of major snow characteristics (snow cover duration, maximum winter snow depth, snow water equivalent) up to 2010 have been recorded from 958 meteorological stations in Russia. Apart from the description of long-term averages of snow characteristics, the estimates of their change that are averaged over quasi-homogeneous climatic regions are derived and regional differences in the change of snow characteristics are studied. In recent decades, the Russian territory has experienced an increase in snow depth, both winter average and maximum snow depths, against the background of global temperature rise and sea ice reduction in the northern hemisphere. The first generalized regional characteristics of maximum snow water equivalent in the winter season have been obtained. According to field observations, an increase in water supply has been revealed in the north of the East European Plain, in the western part by 4.5% (10 yr)(-1) and in the eastern part by 6% (10 yr)(-1). This characteristic also increases by similar to 6% (10 yr)(-1) in the southern forest zone of Western Siberia and in the Far East. Snow water equivalent in central Eastern Siberia increases by 3.4% (10 yr)(-1). From snow course observations in the forest, a tendency for a decrease in water supply (-6.4% (10 yr)(-1) is only found in the southwest of the East European Plain. Snow cover characteristics, being a product of several climate-forming factors that simultaneously affected them, change nonlinearly and different characteristics may and often do change differently with time. Therefore, one cannot assume that having information about the trend of one of the snow characteristics implies knowledge of the trend sign of others. In particular, whilst during the past four decades over the Russian Federation most snow cover characteristics-including the most important of them responsible for water supply-have increased, the only quantity that is reliably monitored from space (snow cover extent) has decreased, but in the last two decades this decrease has ceased. These tendencies are opposite to those observed in Canada and Alaska. C1 [Bulygina, O. N.; Razuvaev, V. N.; Korshunova, N. N.] Russian Federat RIHMI WDC, World Data Ctr, All Russian Res Inst Hydrometeorol Informat, Obninsk, Russia. [Groisman, P. Ya] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Asheville, NC USA. RP Bulygina, ON (reprint author), Russian Federat RIHMI WDC, World Data Ctr, All Russian Res Inst Hydrometeorol Informat, Obninsk, Russia. EM bulygina@meteo.ru; Pasha.Groisman@noaa.gov; razuvaev@meteo.ru; nnk@meteo.ru RI Bulygina, Olga/H-1251-2016 NR 47 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 24 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD OCT-DEC PY 2011 VL 6 IS 4 AR 045204 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045204 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 870MX UT WOS:000298674700042 ER PT J AU Zuo, ZY Yang, S Wang, WQ Kumar, A Xue, Y Zhang, RH AF Zuo, Zhiyan Yang, Song Wang, Wanqiu Kumar, Arun Xue, Yan Zhang, Renhe TI Relationship between anomalies of Eurasian snow and southern China rainfall in winter SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Eurasian snow; China precipitation; NCEP CFS ID ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; TIBETAN PLATEAU; EAST-ASIA; COVER; CLIMATE; DEPTH; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION AB Characteristics of the snow water equivalent (SWE) over high-latitude Eurasia and its relation with precipitation in China during January, February and March (JFM) are investigated. The JFM Eurasian SWE exhibited a decadal downward shift in the late 1990s, marked by a frequently positive phase in 1979-98 and a negative phase afterward. The decadal shift corresponds to anomalous northeasterly flow over southeastern China. Consequently, warm and moist airflow from tropical oceans is weakened, accompanied by reduced rainfall over southeastern China. The US National Centers for the Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System (CFS) capture both the interannual variation and the decreasing trend of JFM Eurasian SWE reasonably well for several months in advance. The relationship between Eurasian SWE and southeastern China rainfall is also captured by the CFS in the prediction. C1 [Zuo, Zhiyan; Zhang, Renhe] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Yang, Song; Wang, Wanqiu; Kumar, Arun; Xue, Yan] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20746 USA. RP Zuo, ZY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM zyzuo@cams.cma.gov.cn FU National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB411505]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2009DFA21430]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40921003]; NOAA-China Meteorological Administration FX This study was jointly supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB411505), the International S&T Cooperation Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2009DFA21430), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40921003), and the NOAA-China Meteorological Administration Bilateral Program. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD OCT-DEC PY 2011 VL 6 IS 4 AR 045402 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045402 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 870MX UT WOS:000298674700054 ER PT J AU Ohring, G Bauer, P AF Ohring, George Bauer, Peter TI The use of cloud and precipitation observations in data assimilation (CPDA) SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ohring, George] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Bauer, Peter] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. RP Ohring, G (reprint author), Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM george.ohring@noaa.gov RI Ohring, George/F-5616-2010 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 137 IS 661 SI SI BP 1933 EP 1933 DI 10.1002/qj.946 PN B PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 866OA UT WOS:000298389300001 ER PT J AU Bauer, P Auligne, T Bell, W Geer, A Guidard, V Heilliette, S Kazumori, M Kim, MJ Liu, EHC McNally, AP Macpherson, B Okamoto, K Renshaw, R Riishojgaard, LP AF Bauer, Peter Auligne, Thomas Bell, William Geer, Alan Guidard, Vincent Heilliette, Sylvain Kazumori, Masahiro Kim, Min-Jeong Liu, Emily H. -C. McNally, Anthony P. Macpherson, Bruce Okamoto, Kozo Renshaw, Richard Riishojgaard, Lars-Peter TI Satellite cloud and precipitation assimilation at operational NWP centres SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE data assimilation; satellite observations ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; AFFECTED MICROWAVE RADIANCES; DIRECT 4D-VAR ASSIMILATION; FLUX CONVECTION SCHEME; MOIST PHYSICS SCHEMES; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; 1D+4D-VAR ASSIMILATION; METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE; CLEARED RADIANCES AB The status of current efforts to assimilate cloud- and precipitation-affected satellite data is summarised with special focus on infrared and microwave radiance data obtained from operational Earth observation satellites. All global centres pursue efforts to enhance infrared radiance data usage due to the limited availability of temperature observations in cloudy regions where forecast skill is estimated to strongly depend on the initial conditions. Most systems focus on the sharpening of weighting functions at cloud top providing high vertical resolution temperature increments to the analysis, mainly in areas of persistent high and low cloud cover. Microwave radiance assimilation produces impact on the deeper atmospheric moisture structures as well as cloud microphysics and, through control variable and background-error formulation, also on temperature but to lesser extent than infrared data. Examples of how the impacts of these two observation types are combined are shown for subtropical low-level cloud regimes. The overall impact of assimilating such data on forecast skill is measurably positive despite the fact that the employed assimilation systems have been constructed and optimized for clear-sky data. This leads to the conclusion that a better understanding and modelling of model processes in cloud-affected areas and data assimilation system enhancements through inclusion of moist processes and their error characterization will contribute substantially to future forecast improvement. Copyright (C) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society, Crown in the right of Canada, and British Crown copyright, the Met Office C1 [Bauer, Peter; Bell, William; Geer, Alan; McNally, Anthony P.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Auligne, Thomas] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Guidard, Vincent] Meteo France, Toulouse, France. [Heilliette, Sylvain] Environm Canada, Dorval, PQ, Canada. [Kazumori, Masahiro; Okamoto, Kozo] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Kim, Min-Jeong] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Liu, Emily H. -C.] NOAA, NCEP, EMC, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Liu, Emily H. -C.] Syst Res Grp, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Macpherson, Bruce; Renshaw, Richard] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Riishojgaard, Lars-Peter] NASA, JCSDA, GMAO, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Bauer, P (reprint author), ECMWF, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. EM peter.bauer@ecmwf.int FU EUMETSAT Fellowship programme; Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation FX Alan Geer was funded by the EUMETSAT Fellowship programme, and Min-Jeong Kim by the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation. The authors are grateful for the valuable comments and suggestions from two reviewers. The work of Rob Hine on improving the figures is greatly appreciated. NR 101 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 137 IS 661 SI SI BP 1934 EP 1951 DI 10.1002/qj.905 PN B PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 866OA UT WOS:000298389300002 ER PT J AU Lavanant, L Fourrie, N Gambacorta, A Grieco, G Heilliette, S Hilton, FI Kim, MJ McNally, AP Nishihata, H Pavelin, EG Rabier, F AF Lavanant, L. Fourrie, N. Gambacorta, A. Grieco, G. Heilliette, S. Hilton, F. I. Kim, M. -J. McNally, A. P. Nishihata, H. Pavelin, E. G. Rabier, F. TI Comparison of cloud products within IASI footprints for the assimilation of cloudy radiances SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cloud detection; cloud properties; MetOp; overcast scenes; NWP assimilation; high spectral resolution sounder ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; AIRS RADIANCES; SOUNDER DATA; RETRIEVAL; PARAMETERS; SURFACE; ATMOSPHERES; EMISSIVITY; SIMULATION; ECMWF AB This article compares different methods of deriving cloud properties in the footprint of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), onboard the European MetOp satellite. Cloud properties produced by ten operational schemes are assessed and an intercomparison of the products for a 12 h global acquisition is presented. Clouds cover a large part of the Earth, contaminating most of the radiance data. The estimation of cloud top height and effective amount within the sounder footprint is an important step towards the direct assimilation of cloud-affected radiances. This study first examines the capability of all the schemes to detect and characterize the clouds for all complex situations and provides some indications of confidence in the data. Then the dataset is restricted to thick overcast single layers and the comparison shows a significant agreement between all the schemes. The impact of the retrieved cloud properties on the residuals between calculated cloudy radiances and observations is estimated in the long-wave part of the spectrum. Copyright (C) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society, Crown in the right of Canada, and British Crown copyright, the Met Office C1 [Lavanant, L.] Meteo France, DP CMS, Ctr Meteorol Spatiale, F-22300 Lannion, France. [Fourrie, N.; Rabier, F.] Meteo France, Toulouse, France. [Fourrie, N.] CNRS CNRM GAME, Toulouse, France. [Gambacorta, A.] NOAA NESDIS PSGS, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Grieco, G.] Univ Basilicata, DIFA, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. [Heilliette, S.] Environm Canada, Meteorol Res Div, Dorval, PQ, Canada. [Hilton, F. I.; Pavelin, E. G.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Kim, M. -J.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [McNally, A. P.] ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. [Nishihata, H.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. RP Lavanant, L (reprint author), Meteo France, DP CMS, Ctr Meteorol Spatiale, BP 50747, F-22300 Lannion, France. EM lydie.lavanant@meteo.fr RI Gambacorta, Antonia/E-7937-2011; Grieco, Giuseppe/H-6855-2015 OI Gambacorta, Antonia/0000-0002-2446-9132; Grieco, Giuseppe/0000-0002-1255-599X NR 33 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 137 IS 661 SI SI BP 1988 EP 2003 DI 10.1002/qj.917 PN B PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 866OA UT WOS:000298389300006 ER PT J AU Roscoe, HK Rosenlof, KH AF Roscoe, H. K. Rosenlof, K. H. TI Revisiting the lower stratospheric water vapour trend from the 1950s to 1970s SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE water; stratosphere; global change; frost point AB Previous work showed a near-continuous increase in stratospheric water vapour between the 1950s and 1990s from a variety of instruments, without recourse to fits between instruments. We reassess the trend from the earliest, the UK frost-point hygrometer, 1954-1976. An error in previous work omitted to transform values from ppmm to ppmv. When corrected, they fit more convincingly with measurements by later frost-point hygrometers. Minor instrument changes between the 1950s and 1970s do not introduce a potential bias to the trend but do increase its error. If the full 1970s data are included, the trend becomes 2.1 +/- 0.8%/year (two-sigma). Copyright (C) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Roscoe, H. K.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Rosenlof, K. H.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Roscoe, HK (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM h.roscoe@bas.ac.uk RI Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1530-261X J9 ATMOS SCI LETT JI Atmos. Sci. Lett. PD OCT-DEC PY 2011 VL 12 IS 4 BP 321 EP 324 DI 10.1002/asl.339 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 877UD UT WOS:000299207300001 ER PT J AU Wu, Y Weng, FZ AF Wu Ying Weng Fuzhong TI Detection and correction of AMSR-E radio-frequency interference SO ACTA METEOROLOGICA SINICA LA English DT Article DE radio-frequency interference (RFI); RFI index; RFI detection ID SOIL-MOISTURE; RETRIEVAL; RADIOMETER; ALGORITHM AB Radio-frequency interference (RFI) affects greatly the quality of the data and retrieval products from space-borne microwave radiometry. Analysis of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer on the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) Aqua satellite observations reveals very strong and widespread RFI contaminations on the C- and X-band data. Fortunately, the strong and moderate RFI signals can be easily identified using an index on observed brightness temperature spectrum. It is the weak RFI that is difficult to be separated from the nature surface emission. In this study, a new algorithm is proposed for RFI detection and correction. The simulated brightness temperature is used as a background signal (B) and a departure of the observation from the background (O-B) is utilized for detection of RFI. It is found that the O-B departure can result from either a natural event (e.g., precipitation or flooding) or an RFI signal. A separation between the nature event and RFI is further realized based on the scattering index (SI). A positive SI index and low brightness temperatures at high frequencies indicate precipitation. In the RFI correction, a relationship between AMSR-E measurements at 10.65 GHz and those at 18.7 or 6.925 GHz is first developed using the AMSR-E training data sets under RFI-free conditions. Contamination of AMSR-E measurements at 10.65 GHz is then predicted from the RFI-free measurements at 18.7 or 6.925 GHz using this relationship. It is shown that AMSR-E measurements with the RFI-correction algorithm have better agreement with simulations in a variety of surface conditions. C1 [Wu Ying] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Ctr Data Assimilat Res & Applicat, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wu Ying] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Remote Sensing, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Weng Fuzhong] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Wu, Y (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Ctr Data Assimilat Res & Applicat, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM wuying-nuist@163.com RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU National Key Basic Research and Development (973) Program of China [2010CB951600]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40875015, 40875016, 40975019]; Special Fund for University Doctoral Students of China [20060300002]; Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences; NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) FX Supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development (973) Program of China (2010CB951600), National Natural Science Foundation of China (40875015, 40875016, and 40975019), Special Fund for University Doctoral Students of China (20060300002), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences "Application of Meteorological Data in GRAPES-3DVar" Program, and NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) CalVal Program. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0894-0525 J9 ACTA METEOROL SIN JI Acta Meteorol. Sin. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 25 IS 5 BP 669 EP 681 DI 10.1007/s13351-011-0510-0 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 865EM UT WOS:000298293700010 ER PT J AU Mallin, MA McIver, MR Fulton, M Wirth, E AF Mallin, Michael A. McIver, Matthew R. Fulton, Michael Wirth, Ed TI Elevated Levels of Metals and Organic Pollutants in Fish and Clams in the Cape Fear River Watershed SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAROLINA COASTAL ESTUARIES; SALT-MARSH SEDIMENTS; UNITED-STATES; TIDAL CREEK; SELENIUM; QUALITY; URBANIZATION; GUIDELINES; ECOSYSTEMS AB A study was performed in 2003 to 2004 to assess metal and organic contaminant concentrations at three areas in the lower Cape Fear River system, North Carolina, United States. Sites examined were Livingston Creek along the mainstem of the Cape Fear River near Riegelwood, Six Runs Creek in the Black River Basin, and Rockfish Creek in the Northeast Cape Fear River basin. The results of the investigation showed that levels of metals and organic pollutants in the sediments were lower than limits considered harmful to aquatic life. However, results of fish (adult bowfin) tissue analyses showed that concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), selenium (Se), and now-banned polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and the pesticide dieldrin were higher than levels considered safe for human consumption by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the North Carolina Health Director's Office. Fish tissue concentrations of Hg, Se, and PCBs were also higher than concentrations determined by researchers to be detrimental either to the health of the fish themselves or their avian and mammalian predators. Due to the rural nature of two of the sites, increased concentrations of As, Cd, Se, and PCBs in fish tissue were unexpected. The likely reason the levels are increased in fish and some clams but not in sediments is that these pollutants are biomagnified in the food chain. These pollutants will also biomagnify in humans. In these rural areas there is subsistence fishing by low-income families; thus, increased fish tissue metals and toxicant concentrations may present a direct threat to human health. C1 [Mallin, Michael A.; McIver, Matthew R.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. [Fulton, Michael; Wirth, Ed] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Mallin, MA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. EM mallinm@uncw.edu FU North Carolina Attorney General's Office FX We thank the North Carolina Attorney General's Office for funding through the Smithfield Agreement to the Lower Cape Fear River Program at the University of North Carolina Wilmington. We thank James Merritt (UNCW) and Geoff Scott (NOAA) for facilitation and Mike Williams for field collection help. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 61 IS 3 BP 461 EP 471 DI 10.1007/s00244-010-9633-z PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 868CE UT WOS:000298500400011 PM 21221963 ER PT J AU Methot, RD Taylor, IG AF Methot, Richard D., Jr. Taylor, Ian G. TI Adjusting for bias due to variability of estimated recruitments in fishery assessment models SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB Integrated analysis models provide a tool to estimate fish abundance, recruitment, and fishing mortality from a wide variety of data. The flexibility of integrated analysis models allows them to be applied over extended time periods spanning historical decades with little information from which to estimate the annual signal of recruitment variability to modern periods in which more information about recruitment variability exists. Across this range of data availability, the estimation process must assure that the estimated log-normally distributed recruitments are mean unbiased to assure mean unbiased biomass estimates. Here we show how the estimation method implemented in the integrated analysis model, Stock Synthesis, achieves this unbiased characteristic in a penalized likelihood approach that is comparable to the results from Markov chain Monte Carlo. The total variability in recruitment is decomposed into variability among annual recruitment estimates based on information in the data and a residual variability. Because data are never perfectly informative, we show that estimated recruitment variability will always be less than the true variability among recruitments and that the method implemented here can be used to iteratively estimate the true variability among recruitments. C1 [Methot, Richard D., Jr.] NOAA Fisheries, Off Sci & Technol, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Taylor, Ian G.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Methot, RD (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Off Sci & Technol, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Richard.Methot@noaa.gov FU NOAA [NA17RJ1232] FX We thank our many colleagues, especially Jim Ianelli, Mark Maunder, Andre Punt, and Ian Stewart, who have contributed to the development of the concepts we have presented in this paper. We also thank Allan Hicks, Owen Hamel, and Andre Punt for reading an earlier version and providing suggestions for clarification of the presentation. Ian Taylor's substantial contributions were made possible through NOAA Award NA17RJ1232 to the University of Washington's Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean. NR 3 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 13 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 68 IS 10 BP 1744 EP 1760 DI 10.1139/F2011-092 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 864AC UT WOS:000298208400005 ER PT J AU Garrison, TM Hamel, OS Punt, AE AF Garrison, Thomas M. Hamel, Owen S. Punt, Andre E. TI Can data collected from marine protected areas improve estimates of life-history parameters? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB One of the argued research-related benefits of marine protected areas (MPAs) to fisheries management is that because there is no fishing inside of an MPA, it may be possible to precisely estimate the rate of natural mortality and better determine growth and maturity rates, parameters that are often prespecified in stock assessments. This study assesses the degree to which having an MPA increases the ability to estimate these parameters in a integrated stock assessment model, Stock Synthesis; how long it would take for these benefits to be reflected in improved estimates of management quantities; and the extent to which these improvements will be reduced or lost if there is movement of adults (i.e., spillover) from the MPA to the fished area. A two-area, age- and length-structured simulation model is used to examine these benefits on estimation performance for Stock Synthesis. Given the data and process assumptions explored here, the extent of improvement in estimation of growth and maturity parameters with data collected from MPAs is small, but estimation of natural mortality is substantially improved compared with directly estimating these parameters using fishery data. The extent of this improvement depends on the degree of spillover and the complexity of the assessment model. C1 [Garrison, Thomas M.; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hamel, Owen S.] NOAA Fisheries, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Garrison, TM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM garrison.tommy@gmail.com OI Hamel, Owen/0000-0002-6024-7211; Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232, 1859] FX Tommy Garrison and Andre Punt acknowledge funding through the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA17RJ1232, contribution No. 1859. Ian Taylor and Rick Methot are thanked for their help answering numerous questions about Stock Synthesis. Ray Hilborn, Jason Cope, Carey McGillard, and three anonymous reviewers provided useful comments that greatly improved this work. Opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect policies of any government agency. NR 1 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 68 IS 10 BP 1761 EP 1777 DI 10.1139/F2011-073 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 864AC UT WOS:000298208400006 ER PT J AU Tewary, VK Vaudin, MD AF Tewary, V. K. Vaudin, M. D. TI A Semicontinuum Model for SixGe1-x Alloys: Calculation of Their Elastic Characteristics and the Strain Field at the Free Surface of a Semi-Infinite Alloy SO CMC-COMPUTERS MATERIALS & CONTINUA LA English DT Article DE Curvature of plates; elastic constants; interatomic potential; Mindlin problem; phonon Green's function; SiGe alloys; semi-continuum Green's function ID 3-DIMENSIONAL GREENS-FUNCTIONS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BURIED QUANTUM; SILICON; GERMANIUM; SUBSTRATE; SI; NANOSTRUCTURES; STABILITY AB A semicontiuum Green's-function-based model is proposed for analysis of averaged mechanical characteristics of SixGe1-x. The atomistic forces in the model are distributed at discrete lattice sites, but the Green's function is approximated by the continuum GF in the far field and by the averaged lattice GF in the near field. Averaging is achieved by replacing Si and Ge atoms by identical hypothetical atoms that are x fraction Si and (1-x) fraction Ge. The parameters of the model are derived using the atomistic model from the interatomic potential between the hypothetical atoms. The interatomic potential is obtained from the radial embedded atom model proposed in an earlier paper. The parameters of the model potential are estimated partly by interpolation and partly by fitting the calculated and measured values of the cohesive energy and the lattice constant of SixGe1-x, as functions of x. The model is applied to calculate the elastic constants of SixGe1-x and the displacement and the strain field at the free surface of a semi-infinite alloy for different values of x due to a buried point defect. The elastic constants predicted by the model are used to calculate the curvature of a single crystal of Si with a 49 nm epitaxial film of Si(0.846)Ge(0.154). The calculated value (312.8 m) of the radius of curvature is in excellent agreement with the recently measured value (314.5 m) at our laboratory. C1 [Tewary, V. K.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Vaudin, M. D.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tewary, VK (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI NORCROSS PA 6825 JIMMY CARTER BLVD, STE 1850, NORCROSS, GA 30071 USA SN 1546-2218 J9 CMC-COMPUT MATER CON JI CMC-Comput. Mat. Contin. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 25 IS 3 BP 265 EP 290 PG 26 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics GA 860RS UT WOS:000297966000004 ER PT J AU Liu, M Imamura, K Averill, A Jaruga, P Zhao, X Burrows, CJ Dizdaroglu, M Doublie, S Wallace, SS AF Liu, M. Imamura, K. Averill, A. Jaruga, P. Zhao, X. Burrows, C. J. Dizdaroglu, M. Doublie, S. Wallace, S. S. TI Structure and Substrate Specificity of a Mouse NEIL3 Ortholog SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society on Environmental Impacts on the Genome and Epigenome - Mechanisms and Risks CY OCT 15-19, 2011 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Liu, M.; Imamura, K.; Averill, A.; Doublie, S.; Wallace, S. S.] Univ Vermont, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Markey Ctr Mol Genet, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Jaruga, P.; Dizdaroglu, M.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, X.; Burrows, C. J.] Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RI Zhao, Xiaobei/E-7485-2012; Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 52 SU 1 BP S38 EP S38 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 860DU UT WOS:000297929800103 ER EF