FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Potvin, CK Wicker, LJ Biggerstaff, MI Betten, D Shapiro, A AF Potvin, Corey K. Wicker, Louis J. Biggerstaff, Michael I. Betten, Daniel Shapiro, Alan TI Comparison between Dual-Doppler and EnKF Storm-Scale Wind Analyses: The 29-30 May 2004 Geary, Oklahoma, Supercell Thunderstorm SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; 2-MOMENT BULK MICROPHYSICS; POLARIMETRIC RADAR DATA; DATA ASSIMILATION; PART I; MODEL; IMPACT; ELECTRIFICATION; REFLECTIVITY; RETRIEVALS AB Kinematical analyses of storm-scale mobile radar observations are critical to advancing our understanding of supercell thunderstorms. Maximizing the accuracy of these analyses, and characterizing the uncertainty in ensuing conclusions about storm structure and processes, requires knowledge of the error characteristics of different retrieval techniques under different observational scenarios. Using storm-scale mobile radar observations of a tornadic supercell, this study examines the impacts on ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) wind analyses of the number of available radars (one versus two), uncertainty in the model-initialization sounding, the sophistication of the microphysical parameterization scheme (double versus single moment), and assimilating reflectivity observations. The relative accuracy of three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) dual-Doppler wind retrievals and single- and dual-radar EnKF wind analyses of the supercell is also explored. The results generally reinforce the findings of a previous study that used observing system simulation experiments to explore the same issues. Both studies suggest that single-radar EnKF wind analyses can be very useful once enough data have been assimilated, but that subsequent analyses that operate on the retrieved wind field gradients should be interpreted with caution. In the present study, severe errors appear to occur in computed Lagrangian circulation time series, imperiling interpretation of the underlying dynamics. This result strongly suggests that dual- and multiple-Doppler radar deployment strategies continue to be used in mobile field campaigns. C1 [Potvin, Corey K.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Potvin, Corey K.; Wicker, Louis J.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Biggerstaff, Michael I.; Betten, Daniel; Shapiro, Alan] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Shapiro, Alan] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Potvin, CK (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM corey.potvin@noaa.gov RI Shapiro, Alan/G-6116-2011 FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory FX The first author was supported by a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory. We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their very constructive comments that led to substantial improvements to the manuscript. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 141 IS 5 BP 1612 EP 1628 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00308.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 137SW UT WOS:000318458700013 ER PT J AU Ahmed, M Anchukaitis, KJ Asrat, A Borgaonkar, HP Braida, M Buckley, BM Buntgen, U Chase, BM Christie, DA Cook, ER Curran, MAJ Diaz, HF Esper, J Fan, ZX Gaire, NP Ge, QS Gergis, J Gonzalez-Rouco, JF Goosse, H Grab, SW Graham, N Graham, R Grosjean, M Hanhijarvi, ST Kaufman, DS Kiefer, T Kimura, K Korhola, AA Krusic, PJ Lara, A Lezine, AM Ljungqvist, FC Lorrey, AM Luterbacher, J Masson-Delmotte, V McCarroll, D McConnell, JR McKay, NP Morales, MS Moy, AD Mulvaney, R Mundo, IA Nakatsuka, T Nash, DJ Neukom, R Nicholson, SE Oerter, H Palmer, JG Phipps, SJ Prieto, MR Rivera, A Sano, M Severi, M Shanahan, TM Shao, XM Shi, F Sigl, M Smerdon, JE Solomina, ON Steig, EJ Stenni, B Thamban, M Trouet, V Turney, CSM Umer, M van Ommen, T Verschuren, D Viau, AE Villalba, R Vinther, BM von Gunten, L Wagner, S Wahl, ER Wanner, H Werner, JP White, JWC Yasue, K Zorita, E AF Ahmed, Moinuddin Anchukaitis, Kevin J. Asrat, Asfawossen Borgaonkar, Hemant P. Braida, Martina Buckley, Brendan M. Buntgen, Ulf Chase, Brian M. Christie, Duncan A. Cook, Edward R. Curran, Mark A. J. Diaz, Henry F. Esper, Jan Fan, Ze-Xin Gaire, Narayan P. Ge, Quansheng Gergis, Joelle Gonzalez-Rouco, J. Fidel Goosse, Hugues Grab, Stefan W. Graham, Nicholas Graham, Rochelle Grosjean, Martin Hanhijarvi, Sami T. Kaufman, Darrell S. Kiefer, Thorsten Kimura, Katsuhiko Korhola, Atte A. Krusic, Paul J. Lara, Antonio Lezine, Anne-Marie Ljungqvist, Fredrik C. Lorrey, Andrew M. Luterbacher, Jurg Masson-Delmotte, Valerie McCarroll, Danny McConnell, Joseph R. McKay, Nicholas P. Morales, Mariano S. Moy, Andrew D. Mulvaney, Robert Mundo, Ignacio A. Nakatsuka, Takeshi Nash, David J. Neukom, Raphael Nicholson, Sharon E. Oerter, Hans Palmer, Jonathan G. Phipps, Steven J. Prieto, Maria R. Rivera, Andres Sano, Masaki Severi, Mirko Shanahan, Timothy M. Shao, Xuemei Shi, Feng Sigl, Michael Smerdon, Jason E. Solomina, Olga N. Steig, Eric J. Stenni, Barbara Thamban, Meloth Trouet, Valerie Turney, Chris S. M. Umer, Mohammed van Ommen, Tas Verschuren, Dirk Viau, Andre E. Villalba, Ricardo Vinther, Bo M. von Gunten, Lucien Wagner, Sebastian Wahl, Eugene R. Wanner, Heinz Werner, Johannes P. White, James W. C. Yasue, Koh Zorita, Eduardo CA PAGES 2k Consortium TI Continental-scale temperature variability during the past two millennia SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; LAST MILLENNIUM; ICE-AGE; CLIMATE; RECONSTRUCTIONS; SIMULATIONS; RESOLUTION; EVOLUTION; CENTURIES AB Past global climate changes had strong regional expression. To elucidate their spatio-temporal pattern, we reconstructed past temperatures for seven continental-scale regions during the past one to two millennia. The most coherent feature in nearly all of the regional temperature reconstructions is a long-term cooling trend, which ended late in the nineteenth century. At multi-decadal to centennial scales, temperature variability shows distinctly different regional patterns, with more similarity within each hemisphere than between them. There were no globally synchronous multi-decadal warm or cold intervals that define a worldwide Medieval Warm Period or Little Ice Age, but all reconstructions show generally cold conditions between AD 1580 and 1880, punctuated in some regions by warm decades during the eighteenth century. The transition to these colder conditions occurred earlier in the Arctic, Europe and Asia than in North America or the Southern Hemisphere regions. Recent warming reversed the long-term cooling; during the period AD 1971-2000, the area-weighted average reconstructed temperature was higher than any other time in nearly 1,400 years. C1 [Ahmed, Moinuddin] Fed Urdu Univ Arts Sci & Technol, Dept Bot, Karachi 75300, Pakistan. [Anchukaitis, Kevin J.; Buckley, Brendan M.; Cook, Edward R.; Smerdon, Jason E.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Anchukaitis, Kevin J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Asrat, Asfawossen; Umer, Mohammed] Univ Addis Ababa, Sch Earth Sci, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Borgaonkar, Hemant P.] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. [Braida, Martina; Stenni, Barbara] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Matemat & Geoscie, I-34128 Trieste, Italy. [Buntgen, Ulf; Neukom, Raphael] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Chase, Brian M.] Univ Montpellier, Dept Paleoenvironm & Paleoclimats PAL, F-34095 Montpellier, France. [Chase, Brian M.] Univ Bergen, Dept Archaeol Hist Cultural Studies & Relig, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Christie, Duncan A.; Lara, Antonio] Univ Austral Chile, Lab Dendrocronol & Cambio Global, Valdivia 567, Chile. [Christie, Duncan A.; Lara, Antonio] Univ Chile, Ctr Climate & Resilience Res, Santiago 2777, Chile. [Curran, Mark A. J.; Moy, Andrew D.; van Ommen, Tas] Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. [Curran, Mark A. J.; Moy, Andrew D.; van Ommen, Tas] Univ Tasmania, Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Sandy Bay, Tas 7005, Australia. [Diaz, Henry F.] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Esper, Jan] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Dept Geog, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Fan, Ze-Xin] Chinese Acad Sci, Yunnan 666303, Peoples R China. [Gaire, Narayan P.] Nepal Acad Sci & Technol, Fac Sci, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal. [Ge, Quansheng; Shao, Xuemei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Gergis, Joelle] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Gonzalez-Rouco, J. Fidel] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Astrofis & CC Atmosfera, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Goosse, Hugues] Catholic Univ Louvain, Lemaitre Ctr Earth & Climate Res, Earth & Life Inst, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Grab, Stefan W.; Nash, David J.] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Geog Archaeol & Environm Studies, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Graham, Nicholas; Graham, Rochelle] Hydrol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92130 USA. [Grosjean, Martin; Wanner, Heinz] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Grosjean, Martin; Wanner, Heinz] Univ Bern, Inst Geog, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Hanhijarvi, Sami T.; Korhola, Atte A.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Environm Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Kaufman, Darrell S.; McKay, Nicholas P.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Kiefer, Thorsten; von Gunten, Lucien] Int Project Off, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Kimura, Katsuhiko] Fukushima Univ, Dept Symbiot Syst Sci, Fukushima 9601248, Japan. [Krusic, Paul J.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Quaternary Geol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Lezine, Anne-Marie] Univ Paris 06, LOCEAN, F-575252 Paris, France. [Ljungqvist, Fredrik C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Hist, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Lorrey, Andrew M.] Nat Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Natl Climate Ctr Auckland, Auckland 1011, New Zealand. [Luterbacher, Jurg; Werner, Johannes P.] Univ Giessen, Dept Geog Climatol Climate Dynam & Climat Change, D-35390 Giessen, Germany. [Masson-Delmotte, Valerie] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [McCarroll, Danny; Prieto, Maria R.] Swansea Univ, Dept Geog, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [McConnell, Joseph R.; Sigl, Michael] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Morales, Mariano S.; Mundo, Ignacio A.; Villalba, Ricardo] CCT CONICET Mendoza, Inst Argentino Nivol Glaciol Ciencias Ambientales, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. [Mulvaney, Robert] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Nakatsuka, Takeshi; Sano, Masaki] Nagoya Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Nash, David J.] Univ Brighton, Sch Environm & Technol, Brighton BN2 4GJ, E Sussex, England. [Nicholson, Sharon E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. [Oerter, Hans] Helmholtz Assoc, Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Dept Glaciol, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Palmer, Jonathan G.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England. [Palmer, Jonathan G.; Phipps, Steven J.; Turney, Chris S. M.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Phipps, Steven J.] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Rivera, Andres] Ctr Estudios Cient, Valdivia, Chile. [Severi, Mirko] Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. [Shanahan, Timothy M.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Shi, Feng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Solomina, Olga N.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geog, Moscow 119017, Russia. [Steig, Eric J.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thamban, Meloth] Nat Ctr Antarctic & Ocean Res, Goa 403804, India. [Trouet, Valerie] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Verschuren, Dirk] Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Viau, Andre E.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Vinther, Bo M.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Wagner, Sebastian; Zorita, Eduardo] Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Inst Coastal Res, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. [Wahl, Eugene R.] NOAA, Nat Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [White, James W. C.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yasue, Koh] Shinshu Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Nagano 3994598, Japan. RP Kaufman, DS (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Darrell.Kaufman@nau.edu RI Palmer, Jonathan/J-7834-2012; McCarroll, Danny/E-5749-2011; Solomina, Olga/J-8353-2013; Severi, Mirko/J-2508-2012; Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik/I-5770-2012; Gonzalez-Rouco, Jesus Fidel/B-1761-2012; Christie, Duncan/Q-7114-2016; Chase, Brian/A-1202-2010; Masson-Delmotte, Valerie/G-1995-2011; buentgen, ulf/J-6952-2013; Shanahan, Timothy/B-1298-2012; Steig, Eric/G-9088-2015; Kaufman, Darrell/A-2471-2008; van Ommen, Tas/B-5020-2012; Smerdon, Jason/F-9952-2011; Phipps, Steven/B-3135-2008; Werner, Johannes/H-5702-2012; Mulvaney, Robert/K-3929-2012; White, James/A-7845-2009; OI GERGIS, JOELLE/0000-0002-4168-7924; von Gunten, Lucien/0000-0003-0425-2881; Thamban, Meloth/0000-0003-3379-8189; Fan, Ze-Xin/0000-0003-4623-6783; Neukom, Raphael/0000-0001-9392-0997; Turney, Chris/0000-0001-6733-0993; Lara, Antonio/0000-0003-4998-4584; Moy, Andrew/0000-0002-7664-9960; Palmer, Jonathan/0000-0002-6665-4483; McCarroll, Danny/0000-0002-5992-5070; Severi, Mirko/0000-0003-1511-6762; Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik/0000-0003-0220-3947; Gonzalez-Rouco, Jesus Fidel/0000-0001-7090-6797; Rivera, Andres/0000-0002-2779-4192; Chase, Brian/0000-0001-6987-1291; Asrat, Asfawossen/0000-0002-6312-8082; Masson-Delmotte, Valerie/0000-0001-8296-381X; Steig, Eric/0000-0002-8191-5549; Kaufman, Darrell/0000-0002-7572-1414; van Ommen, Tas/0000-0002-2463-1718; Phipps, Steven/0000-0001-5657-8782; Werner, Johannes/0000-0003-4015-7398; Mulvaney, Robert/0000-0002-5372-8148; White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684; Villalba, Ricardo/0000-0001-8183-0310 NR 50 TC 131 Z9 133 U1 19 U2 299 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 6 IS 5 BP 339 EP 346 DI 10.1038/NGEO1797 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 134QA UT WOS:000318227000011 ER PT J AU Sun, Y Sun, DZ Wu, LX Wang, F AF Sun Yan Sun, De-Zheng Wu Lixin Wang Fan TI Western pacific warm pool and ENSO asymmetry in CMIP3 models SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE warm pool; ENSO asymmetry; CMIP3 model; ENSO time-mean effect ID CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; COUPLED MODEL; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; COLD-TONGUE; HEAT TRANSPORTS; AIR-TEMPERATURE; SEA-ICE AB Theoretical and empirical studies have suggested that an underestimate of the ENSO asymmetry may be accompanied by a climatologically smaller and warmer western Pacific warm pool. In light of this suggestion, simulations of the tropical Pacific climate by 19 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) climate models that do not use flux adjustment were evaluated. Our evaluation revealed systematic biases in both the mean state and ENSO statistics. The mean state in most of the models had a smaller and warmer warm pool. This common bias in the mean state was accompanied by a common bias in the simulated ENSO statistics: a significantly weak asymmetry between the two phases of ENSO. Moreover, despite the generally weak ENSO asymmetry simulated by all models, a positive correlation between the magnitude of the bias in the simulated warm-pool size and the magnitude of the bias in the simulated ENSO asymmetry was found. These findings support the suggested link between ENSO asymmetry and the tropical mean state-the climatological size and temperature of the warm pool in particular. Together with previous studies, these findings light up a path to improve the simulation of the tropical Pacific mean state by climate models: enhancing the asymmetry of ENSO in the climate models. C1 [Sun Yan; Wang Fan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Ocean Circulat & Waves, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. [Sun Yan; Wu Lixin] Ocean Univ China, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. [Sun Yan; Sun, De-Zheng] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sun Yan; Sun, De-Zheng] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wang, F (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Ocean Circulat & Waves, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. EM fwang@qdio.ac.cn RI Sun, Yan/G-3134-2013; AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014; Wang, Fan/J-5119-2012; Sun, Yan/Q-5051-2016 OI Wang, Fan/0000-0001-5932-7567; FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA05110302]; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [40890150, 40890155]; National Basic Research Program of China for Structures, Variability, and Climatic Impacts of Ocean Circulation and Warm Pool in the Tropical Pacific Ocean [2012CB417401]; China Postdoctoral Science Foudation [2012M521378]; Chinese Scholarship Council; Large-scale and Climate Dynamics Program of the US National Science Foundation [AGS 0553111, AGS 0852329] FX This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program-Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Related Issues of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA05110302), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Major Research Project (Grant Nos. 40890150 and 40890155), the National Basic Research Program of China for Structures, Variability, and Climatic Impacts of Ocean Circulation and Warm Pool in the Tropical Pacific Ocean (Grant No. 2012CB417401), China Postdoctoral Science Foudation funded project (2012M521378), Chinese Scholarship Council, the Large-scale and Climate Dynamics Program of the US National Science Foundation (Grant Nos. AGS 0553111 and AGS 0852329). Half of the data analysis work was carried on the computers at Physical Science Division of Earth System Research Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. We would like to thank University of Colorado at Boulder for hosting SUN Yan. We would also like to thank Dr. ZHANG Tao for his help with some programming issues. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 23 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 30 IS 3 BP 940 EP 953 DI 10.1007/s00376-012-2161-1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 128OQ UT WOS:000317779000029 ER PT J AU Rimmer, CA Phillips, MM AF Rimmer, Catherine A. Phillips, Melissa M. TI Certified Reference Material recipe challenge SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Rimmer, Catherine A.; Phillips, Melissa M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rimmer, CA (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM catherine.rimmer@nist.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 405 IS 13 BP 4321 EP 4322 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-6844-y PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 131DK UT WOS:000317972200001 PM 23604541 ER PT J AU Phillips, MM Rimmer, CA AF Phillips, Melissa M. Rimmer, Catherine A. TI Functional foods and dietary supplements SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Phillips, Melissa M.; Rimmer, Catherine A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phillips, MM (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM melissa.phillips@nist.gov; catherine.rimmer@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 405 IS 13 BP 4323 EP 4324 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-6846-9 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 131DK UT WOS:000317972200002 PM 23494275 ER PT J AU Phillips, MM Sharpless, KE Wise, SA AF Phillips, Melissa M. Sharpless, Katherine E. Wise, Stephen A. TI Standard reference materials for food analysis SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VALUE ASSIGNMENT; NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; BAKING CHOCOLATE; CERTIFICATION; MATRIX; COMPOSITE; FORMULA; NIST C1 [Phillips, Melissa M.; Sharpless, Katherine E.; Wise, Stephen A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phillips, MM (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM melissa.phillips@nist.gov OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 405 IS 13 BP 4325 EP 4335 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-6890-5 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 131DK UT WOS:000317972200003 PM 23515610 ER PT J AU Rimmer, CA Sharpless, KE Wise, SA Betz, JM Coates, PM AF Rimmer, Catherine A. Sharpless, Katherine E. Wise, Stephen A. Betz, Joseph M. Coates, Paul M. TI Standard reference materials for dietary supplement analysis SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BITTER-ORANGE ALKALOIDS; INSTITUTES-OF-HEALTH; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CERTIFICATION; ABSORBENCY C1 [Rimmer, Catherine A.; Sharpless, Katherine E.; Wise, Stephen A.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Betz, Joseph M.; Coates, Paul M.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Rimmer, CA (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM catherine.rimmer@nist.gov OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 405 IS 13 BP 4337 EP 4344 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-6942-x PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 131DK UT WOS:000317972200004 PM 23575912 ER PT J AU Sander, LC Bedner, M Duewer, DL Lippa, KA Phillips, MM Phinney, KW Rimmer, CA Schantz, MM Sharpless, KE Tai, SSC Thomas, JB Wise, SA Wood, LJ Betz, JM Coates, PM AF Sander, L. C. Bedner, M. Duewer, D. L. Lippa, K. A. Phillips, M. M. Phinney, K. W. Rimmer, C. A. Schantz, M. M. Sharpless, K. E. Tai, S. S. -C. Thomas, J. B. Wise, S. A. Wood, L. J. Betz, J. M. Coates, P. M. TI The development and implementation of quality assurance programs to support nutritional measurements SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Quality assurance; Accuracy; Precision; Comparability; Concordance; Nutrients; Dietary supplements; Vitamin D metabolites; Fatty acids ID MEASUREMENT PERFORMANCE; TIME AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology administers quality assurance programs devoted to improving measurements of nutrients and related metabolites in foods, dietary supplements, and serum and plasma samples. These programs have been developed in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health to assist measurement communities in their efforts to achieve accurate results that are comparable among different laboratories and over time. Targeted analytes include micronutrients, botanical markers, nutritional elements, contaminants, fatty acids, and vitamin D metabolites. C1 [Sander, L. C.; Bedner, M.; Duewer, D. L.; Lippa, K. A.; Phillips, M. M.; Phinney, K. W.; Rimmer, C. A.; Schantz, M. M.; Sharpless, K. E.; Tai, S. S. -C.; Thomas, J. B.; Wise, S. A.; Wood, L. J.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Betz, J. M.; Coates, P. M.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Sander, LC (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lane.sander@nist.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 405 IS 13 BP 4437 EP 4441 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-6864-7 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 131DK UT WOS:000317972200014 PM 23552970 ER PT J AU Lowenthal, MS Phillips, MM Rimmer, CA Rudnick, PA Simon-Manso, Y Stein, SE Tchekhovskoi, D Phinney, KW AF Lowenthal, Mark S. Phillips, Melissa M. Rimmer, Catherine A. Rudnick, Paul A. Simon-Manso, Yamil Stein, Stephen E. Tchekhovskoi, Dmitrii Phinney, Karen W. TI Developing qualitative LC-MS methods for characterization of Vaccinium berry Standard Reference Materials SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Vaccinium; LC-MS; Qualitative analysis; Reference materials; Mass spectral library; Metabolites ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PLANT METABOLOMICS; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; CRANBERRY JUICE; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES; CYANIDIN GLYCOSIDES; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; VITIS-IDAEA AB Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) offer the scientific community a stable and homogenous source of material that holds countless application possibilities. Traditionally, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has provided SRMs with associated quantitative information (certified values) for a select group of targeted analytes as measured in a solution or complex matrix. While the current needs of the SRM community are expanding to include non-quantitative data, NIST is attempting to broaden the scope of how and what information is offered to the SRM community by providing qualitative information about biomaterials, such as chromatographic fingerprints and profiles of untargeted identifications. In this work, metabolomic and proteomic profiling efforts were employed to characterize a suite of six Vaccinium berry SRMs. In the discovery phase, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) data was matched to mass spectral libraries; a subsequent validation phase based on multiple-reaction monitoring LC-MS/MS relied on both retention time matching of authentic standards along with fragmentation data for a qualitative overview of the most prominent organic compounds present. Definitive and putative identifications were determined for over 70 metabolites based on reporting guidelines set forth by the Metabolomics Standards Initiative (Metabolomics 3(3):211-221, 2007), and the capability of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to profile untargeted metabolites within a complex matrix using mass spectral matching is demonstrated. Bottom-up proteomic analyses were possible using peptide databases translated from expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Homology searches provided identification of novel Vaccinium proteins based on homology to related genera. Chromatographic fingerprints of these berry materials were acquired for supplemental qualitative information to be provided to users of these SRMs. An unbounded set of qualitative data about a biomaterial is a valuable complement to quantitative information traditionally provided in NIST Certificates of Analysis. C1 [Lowenthal, Mark S.; Phillips, Melissa M.; Rimmer, Catherine A.; Phinney, Karen W.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rudnick, Paul A.; Simon-Manso, Yamil; Stein, Stephen E.; Tchekhovskoi, Dmitrii] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lowenthal, MS (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.lowenthal@nist.gov RI Tchekhovskoi, Dmitrii/J-2319-2014 NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 52 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 405 IS 13 BP 4451 EP 4465 DI 10.1007/s00216-012-6346-3 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 131DK UT WOS:000317972200016 PM 22941178 ER PT J AU Lowenthal, MS Andriamaharavo, NR Stein, SE Phinney, KW AF Lowenthal, Mark S. Andriamaharavo, Nirina R. Stein, Stephen E. Phinney, Karen W. TI Characterizing Vaccinium berry Standard Reference Materials by GCaEuroMS using NIST spectral libraries SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Vaccinium; GC-MS; Qualitative analysis; Reference materials; Mass spectral library; Metabolites ID PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; CRANBERRY JUICE; APOPTOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; PROLIFERATION; ANTHOCYANINS; METABOLOMICS; BIOMARKERS; RESISTANCE; CELLS AB A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based method was developed for qualitative characterization of metabolites found in Vaccinium fruit (berry) dietary supplement Standard Reference Materials (SRMs). Definitive identifications are provided for 98 unique metabolites determined among six Vaccinium-related SRMs. Metabolites were enriched using an organic liquid/liquid extraction, and derivatized prior to GC-MS analysis. Electron ionization (EI) fragmentation spectra were searched against EI spectra of authentic standards compiled in the National Institute of Standards and Technology's mass spectral libraries, as well as spectra selected from the literature. Metabolite identifications were further validated using a retention index match along with prior probabilities and were compared with results obtained in a previous effort using collision-induced dissociation (CID) MS/MS datasets from liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry experiments. This manuscript describes a nontargeted metabolite profile of Vaccinium materials, compares results among related materials and from orthogonal experimental platforms, and discusses the feasibility and development of using mass spectral library matching for nontargeted metabolite identification. C1 [Lowenthal, Mark S.; Andriamaharavo, Nirina R.; Stein, Stephen E.; Phinney, Karen W.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lowenthal, MS (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.lowenthal@nist.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 405 IS 13 BP 4467 EP 4476 DI 10.1007/s00216-012-6610-6 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 131DK UT WOS:000317972200017 PM 23291961 ER PT J AU MacCrehan, WA White, CM AF MacCrehan, William A. White, Christian M. TI Simplified ultrasonically- and microwave-assisted solvent extractions for the determination of ginsenosides in powdered Panax ginseng rhizomes using liquid chromatography with UV absorbance or electrospray mass spectrometric detection SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ginsenoside; Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet/Visible Detection (LCUV); LC with Electrospray Mass Spectrometry (LCMS); Panax ginseng; Malonyl-ginsenoside; Ultrasonically-assisted solvent extraction; Microwave-assisted solvent extraction ID TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE; MALONYL GINSENOSIDES; PERFORMANCE; METABOLOMICS AB New approaches for the recovery of ginsenosides are presented that greatly simplify the liquid chromatographic (LC) determination of the total content of eight ginsenosides (Rb-1, Rb-2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg(1) and Rg(2)) in powdered Panax ginseng rhizomes. The extraction protocols not only recover the neutral ginsenosides, but also simultaneously incorporate base-catalyzed hydrolysis of the malonyl-ginsenosides using dilute potassium hydroxide added to the methanol-water extractant. This eliminates the need for an independent extraction step followed by acid- or base-catalyzed hydrolysis. Both ultrasonically-assisted and microwave-assisted extraction methods are developed. The optimization of these simplified methods to remove pendant malonate esters, while retaining the glycosidic linkages, was determined by LC through variation of the extraction/hydrolysis time, order of hydrolysis reagent addition, and evaluation of multiple extractions. A comparison of the ginsenoside profiles obtained with and without addition of base to the extractant solution was made using LCMS with positive-mode electrospray ionization (ESI+) detection. A number of malonyl-ginsenosides were tentatively identified by their mass spectral fragmentation spectra and indicating that they were converted to the free ginsenosides by the new extraction/hydrolysis procedure. C1 [MacCrehan, William A.; White, Christian M.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP MacCrehan, WA (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.maccrehan@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements FX This research was performed while the author CM White held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Partial funding for this work was provided by the National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 50 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 405 IS 13 BP 4511 EP 4522 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-6871-8 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 131DK UT WOS:000317972200021 PM 23564283 ER PT J AU Schantz, MM Sander, LC Sharpless, KE Wise, SA Yen, JH NguyenPho, A Betz, JM AF Schantz, Michele M. Sander, Lane C. Sharpless, Katherine E. Wise, Stephen A. Yen, James H. NguyenPho, Agnes Betz, Joseph M. TI Development of botanical and fish oil standard reference materials for fatty acids SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fatty acid; Omega-3; Omega-6; Plant oil; Fish oil; Reference material ID EXTRACT AB As part of a collaboration with the National Institutes of Health's Office of Dietary Supplements and the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, the National Institute of Standards and Technology has developed Standard Reference Material (SRM) 3274 Botanical Oils Containing Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids and SRM 3275 Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids in Fish Oil. SRM 3274 consists of one ampoule of each of four seed oils (3274-1 Borage (Borago officinalis), 3274-2 Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis), 3274-3 Flax (Linium usitatissimum), and 3274-4 Perilla (Perilla frutescens)), and SRM 3275 consists of two ampoules of each of three fish oils (3275-1 a concentrate high in docosahexaenoic acid, 3275-2 an anchovy oil high in docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, and 3275-3 a concentrate containing 60 % long-chain omega-3 fatty acids). Each oil has certified and reference mass fraction values for up to 20 fatty acids. The fatty acid mass fraction values are based on results from analyses using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). These SRMs will complement other reference materials currently available with mass fractions for similar analytes and are part of a series of SRMs being developed for dietary supplements. C1 [Schantz, Michele M.; Sander, Lane C.; Sharpless, Katherine E.; Wise, Stephen A.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yen, James H.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [NguyenPho, Agnes] US FDA, CDER, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Betz, Joseph M.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Schantz, MM (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michele.schantz@nist.gov OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 405 IS 13 BP 4531 EP 4538 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-6747-y PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 131DK UT WOS:000317972200023 PM 23371533 ER PT J AU Thomas, JB Yen, JH Sharpless, KE AF Thomas, Jeanice B. Yen, James H. Sharpless, Katherine E. TI Characterization of NIST food-matrix standard reference materials for their vitamin C content SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ascorbic acid; Food; Reference material; Standard reference material; Liquid chromatography; Absorbance detection ID BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; ASCORBIC-ACID; FORMULA AB The vitamin C concentrations in three food-matrix Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have been determined by liquid chromatography (LC) with absorbance detection. These materials (SRM 1549a Whole Milk Powder, SRM 1849a Infant/Adult Nutritional Formula, and SRM 3233 Fortified Breakfast Cereal) have been characterized to support analytical measurements made by food processors that are required to provide information about their products' vitamin C content on the labels of products distributed in the United States. The SRMs are primarily intended for use in validating analytical methods for the determination of selected vitamins, elements, fatty acids, and other nutrients in these materials and in similar matrixes. They can also be used for quality assurance in the characterization of test samples or in-house control materials, and for establishing measurement traceability. Within-day precision of the LC method used to measure vitamin C in the food-matrix SRMs characterized in this study ranged from 2.7 % to 6.5 %. C1 [Thomas, Jeanice B.; Sharpless, Katherine E.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yen, James H.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Thomas, JB (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jbthomas@nist.gov; james.yen@nist.gov; katherine.sharpless@nist.gov OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 405 IS 13 BP 4539 EP 4548 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-6891-4 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 131DK UT WOS:000317972200024 PM 23529413 ER PT J AU Camara, JE Lowenthal, MS Phinney, KW AF Camara, Johanna E. Lowenthal, Mark S. Phinney, Karen W. TI Determination of fortified and endogenous folates in food-based Standard Reference Materials by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Folate; Fortification; Reference materials; LC-MS/MS ID TRIENZYME EXTRACTION; MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY; NUTRITIONAL FORMULA; FORTIFICATION; BIOAVAILABILITY; PRODUCTS; AFFINITY AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is developing a wide variety of Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) to support measurements of vitamins and other nutrients in foods. Previously, NIST has provided SRMs with values assigned for the folate vitamer, folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid), which is fortified in several foods due to its role in prevention of neural tube defects. In order to expand the number of food-based SRMs with values assigned for folic acid, as well as additional endogenous folates, NIST has developed methods that include trienzyme digestion and isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Sample preparation was optimized for each individual food type, but all samples were analyzed under the same LC-MS/MS conditions. The application of these methods resulted in folic acid values for SRM 1849a Infant/Adult Nutritional Formula and SRM 3233 Fortified Breakfast Cereal of (2.33 +/- 0.06) mu g/g and (16.0 +/- 0.7) mu g/g, respectively. In addition, the endogenous folate vitamer 5-methlytetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) was detected and quantified in SRM 1849a Infant/Adult Nutritional Formula, candidate SRM 1549a Whole Milk Powder, and candidate SRM 1845a Whole Egg Powder, resulting in values of (0.0839 +/- 0.0071) mu g/g, (0.211 +/- 0.014) mu g/g, and (0.838 +/- 0.044) mu g/g, respectively. SRM 1849a Infant/Adult Nutritional Formula is the first food-based NIST SRM to possess a reference value for 5-MTHF and the first certified reference material to have an assigned 5-MTHF value based on LC-MS/MS. The values obtained for folic acid and 5-MTHF by LC-MS/MS will be incorporated into the final value assignments for all these food-based SRMs. C1 [Camara, Johanna E.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lowenthal, Mark S.; Phinney, Karen W.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Camara, JE (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM johanna.camara@nist.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 405 IS 13 BP 4561 EP 4568 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-6733-4 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 131DK UT WOS:000317972200026 PM 23354578 ER PT J AU Wood, LJ Lippa, KA Phillips, MM Rimmer, CA Heckert, NA Leigh, SD Moors, AJ Pugh, RS Rust, LB AF Wood, Laura J. Lippa, Katrice A. Phillips, Melissa M. Rimmer, Catherine A. Heckert, N. Alan Leigh, Stefan D. Moors, Amanda J. Pugh, Rebecca S. Rust, Lauren B. TI Breakfast cereal sampling study for nutritional elements SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Sampling; Nutritional analysis; Food; Reference materials; Nutritional elements AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has established a Dietary Supplement Laboratory Quality Assurance Program (DSQAP) in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements (NIH-ODS). The DSQAP invites laboratories twice annually to participate in interlaboratory studies where participants elect to measure concentrations of nutritional and/or toxic elements as well as active and/or marker compounds. One of these studies was designed to determine the effects of material granularity and sample processing techniques on measurement variability (precision) as well as to provide participating laboratories information on their performance relative to the NIST assigned values (bias) and to the other participants (concordance). Participants were asked to determine the mass fractions of Ca, Fe, and Zn, in mg/kg, in six breakfast cereal samples. Cereal samples consisted of three ground materials (homogenized wheat, wheat, and rice), two flake materials (wheat and rice) and a partially crushed material (a wheat/rice mixture). In general, approximately 25 % of the laboratories processed and analyzed the suite of six cereal materials with adequate to exemplary measurement precision. Over half of the laboratories (60 %) experienced measurement issues related to only a particular type of cereal matrix or for only a single element. A small number (15 %) of laboratories experienced significant sample processing or measurement problems. Future studies planned by the DSQAP may be designed to use commercial products to aid laboratories with their sampling and analytical techniques. C1 [Wood, Laura J.; Lippa, Katrice A.; Phillips, Melissa M.; Rimmer, Catherine A.; Heckert, N. Alan; Leigh, Stefan D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Moors, Amanda J.; Pugh, Rebecca S.; Rust, Lauren B.] NIST, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Wood, LJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM laura.wood@nist.gov FU NIH-ODS FX The on-going DSQAP is a collaborative effort with NIH-ODS, and we acknowledge NIH-ODS for their partial support of these activities. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 405 IS 13 BP 4569 EP 4578 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-6727-2 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 131DK UT WOS:000317972200027 PM 23380950 ER PT J AU Murphy, KE Vetter, TW AF Murphy, Karen E. Vetter, Thomas W. TI Recognizing and overcoming analytical error in the use of ICP-MS for the determination of cadmium in breakfast cereal and dietary supplements SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Foods; Mass spectrometry; ICP-MS; Metals; Heavy metals; Reference materials; Trace elements; Separations; Instrumentation ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; DILUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SAMPLES; CERTIFICATION; TRACE AB The potential effect of spectral interference on the accurate measurement of the cadmium (Cd) mass fraction in fortified breakfast cereal and a variety of dietary supplement materials using inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry was studied. The materials were two new standard reference materials (SRMs)-SRM 3233 Fortified Breakfast Cereal and SRM 3532 Calcium Dietary Supplement-as well as several existing materials-SRM 3258 Bitter Orange Fruit, SRM 3259 Bitter Orange Extract, SRM 3260 Bitter Orange-containing Solid Oral Dosage Form, and SRM 3280 Multivitamin/Multielement Tablets. Samples were prepared for analysis using the method of isotope dilution and measured using various operating and sample introduction configurations including standard mode, collision cell with kinetic energy discrimination mode, and standard mode with sample introduction via a desolvating nebulizer system. Three isotope pairs, Cd-112/Cd-111, Cd-113/Cd-111, and Cd-114/Cd-111, were measured. Cadmium mass fraction results for the unseparated samples of each material, measured using the three instrument configurations and isotope pairs, were compared to the results obtained after the matrix was removed via chemical separation using anion exchange chromatography. In four of the six materials studied, measurements using the standard mode with sample introduction via the desolvating nebulizer gave results for the unseparated samples quantified with the Cd-112/Cd-111 isotope pair that showed a positive bias relative to the matrix-separated samples, which indicated a persistent inference at m/z 112 with this configuration. Use of the standard mode, without the desolvating nebulizer, also gave results that showed a positive bias for the unseparated samples quantified with the Cd-112/Cd-111 isotope pair in three of the materials studied. Collision cell/kinetic energy discrimination mode, however, was very effective for reducing spectral interference for Cd in all of the materials and isotope pairs studied, except in the multivitamin/multielement matrix (SRM 3280) where the large corrections for known isobaric interferences or unidentified interferences compromised the accuracy. For SRM 3280, matrix separation provided the best method to achieve accurate measurement of Cd. C1 [Murphy, Karen E.; Vetter, Thomas W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Murphy, KE (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karen.murphy@nist.gov NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 57 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 405 IS 13 BP 4579 EP 4588 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-6855-8 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 131DK UT WOS:000317972200028 PM 23479125 ER PT J AU Rhieu, SY Urbas, AA Lippa, KA Reipa, V AF Rhieu, Steve Y. Urbas, Aaron A. Lippa, Katrice A. Reipa, Vytas TI Quantitative measurements of glutathione in yeast cell lysate using H-1 NMR SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Quantitative NMR; Spectral subtraction; Glutathione ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; SPIN-ECHO NMR; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES; REDOX STATE; THIOLS; INTACT; PROLIFERATION; DISULFIDE AB Methods for quantifying the level of glutathione (GSH) in yeast cell lysate are described using H-1 NMR analysis. For quantification purposes, the H-1 resonances corresponding to the Cys beta CH2 of GSH were identified as having the fewest overlapping spectral interferences from lysate matrix components using GSH spiked yeast lysate samples. Two methods, standard addition based on peak integration and a spectral subtraction approach, were evaluated for quantifying GSH in lysate samples. The peak integration procedure required baseline estimation and a peak fitting step to correct for background interferences while the spectral subtraction procedure was comparatively straightforward. The level of GSH measured by H-1 NMR was in good agreement with the concentration measured by the DTNB-GSSG reductase recycling assay. The proposed NMR method can lead to a reliable quantitation of GSH and could be applicable to a variety of other analytes of interest in complex biological matrices. C1 [Rhieu, Steve Y.; Urbas, Aaron A.; Reipa, Vytas] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lippa, Katrice A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rhieu, SY (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steve.rhieu@nist.gov; vytautas.reipa@nist.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 405 IS 14 BP 4963 EP 4968 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-6858-5 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 135TW UT WOS:000318312400031 PM 23471371 ER PT J AU Zeng, N King, AW Zaitchik, B Wullschleger, SD Gregg, J Wang, SQ Kirk-Davidoff, D AF Zeng, Ning King, Anthony W. Zaitchik, Ben Wullschleger, Stan D. Gregg, Jay Wang, Shaoqiang Kirk-Davidoff, Dan TI Carbon sequestration via wood harvest and storage: An assessment of its harvest potential SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CROP RESIDUE; LAND-USE; PRODUCTS; MITIGATE; DIOXIDE AB A carbon sequestration strategy has recently been proposed in which a forest is actively managed, and a fraction of the wood is selectively harvested and stored to prevent decomposition. The forest serves as a 'carbon scrubber' or 'carbon remover' that provides continuous sequestration (negative emissions). Earlier estimates of the theoretical potential of wood harvest and storage (WHS) based on coarse wood production rates were 10 +/- 5 GtC y(-1). Starting from this physical limit, here we apply a number of practical constraints: (1) land not available due to agriculture; (2) forest set aside as protected areas, assuming 50 % in the tropics and 20 % in temperate and boreal forests; (3) forests difficult to access due to steep terrain; (4) wood use for other purposes such as timber and paper. This 'top-down' approach yields a WHS potential 2.8 GtC y(-1). Alternatively, a 'bottom-up' approach, assuming more efficient wood use without increasing harvest, finds 0.1-0.5 GtC y(-1) available for carbon sequestration. We suggest a range of 1-3 GtC y(-1) carbon sequestration potential if major effort is made to expand managed forests and/or to increase harvest intensity. The implementation of such a scheme at our estimated lower value of 1 GtC y(-1) would imply a doubling of the current world wood harvest rate. This can be achieved by harvesting wood at a moderate harvesting intensity of 1.2 tC ha(-1) y(-1), over a forest area of 8 Mkm(2) (800 Mha). To achieve the higher value of 3 GtC y(-1), forests need to be managed this way on half of the world's forested land, or on a smaller area but with higher harvest intensity. We recommend WHS be considered part of the portfolio of climate mitigation and adaptation options that needs further research. C1 [Zeng, Ning] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zeng, Ning] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [King, Anthony W.; Wullschleger, Stan D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zaitchik, Ben] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gregg, Jay] Tech Univ Denmark, Riso Natl Lab Sustainable Energy, Roskilde, Denmark. [Wang, Shaoqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Kirk-Davidoff, Dan] MDA Informat Syst Inc, Climate Serv, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Kirk-Davidoff, Dan] MDA Informat Syst Inc, Weather Serv, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Zeng, N (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM zeng@atmos.umd.edu RI Gregg, Jay/C-6732-2011; Zeng, Ning/A-3130-2008; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012 OI Gregg, Jay/0000-0003-3946-3099; Zeng, Ning/0000-0002-7489-7629; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446 FU NSF [AGS-1129088]; NOAA [NA10OAR4310248]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER) program; DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX We are grateful for discussion and critiques from Gregg Marland, Lianhong Gu, Brian Cook, Peter Read, Ross Salawitch, Steve Smith, Cesar Izzaraulde, Dalia Abbas, Richard Birdsey, Linda Heath, Yude Pan, Ben Bond-Lamberty, Tris West, Brent Sohngen, Tony Janetos, Fritz Scholz, George Hurtt, Ruth DeFries, Thomas Schelling, Freeman Dyson, Paul Crutzen, Graham Stinson, Neil Sampson, Ruben Lubowski, Alexander Golub, Matt Pearson, Roger Sedjo, Steven Hamburg, and Ian Noble. This work resulted in part from a workshop entitled "Ecological carbon sequestration via wood burial and storage: A strategy for climate mitigation and adaptation", held at the Heinz Center, Washington DC during September 9-10, 2010. This work was supported by NSF grant AGS-1129088, and NOAA grant NA10OAR4310248. AWK and SDW acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER) program. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the DOE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAY PY 2013 VL 118 IS 2 BP 245 EP 257 DI 10.1007/s10584-012-0624-0 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 130OC UT WOS:000317926800007 ER PT J AU Peterson, EE Ver Hoef, JM Isaak, DJ Falke, JA Fortin, MJ Jordan, CE McNyset, K Monestiez, P Ruesch, AS Sengupta, A Som, N Steel, EA Theobald, DM Torgersen, CE Wenger, SJ AF Peterson, Erin E. Ver Hoef, Jay M. Isaak, Dan J. Falke, Jeffrey A. Fortin, Marie-Josee Jordan, Chris E. McNyset, Kristina Monestiez, Pascal Ruesch, Aaron S. Sengupta, Aritra Som, Nicholas Steel, E. Ashley Theobald, David M. Torgersen, Christian E. Wenger, Seth J. TI Modelling dendritic ecological networks in space: an integrated network perspective SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Review DE Connectivity; dendritic ecological network; directionality; network analysis; scales; spatial statistics; stream network; taxonomy of network analyses ID SPATIAL STATISTICAL-MODELS; MOVING-AVERAGE APPROACH; STREAM NETWORKS; RIVER NETWORK; BIODIVERSITY PATTERNS; TROUT POPULATIONS; MANTEL TEST; NEW-JERSEY; CONNECTIVITY; DYNAMICS AB Dendritic ecological networks (DENs) are a unique form of ecological networks that exhibit a dendritic network topology (e.g. stream and cave networks or plant architecture). DENs have a dual spatial representation; as points within the network and as points in geographical space. Consequently, some analytical methods used to quantify relationships in other types of ecological networks, or in 2-D space, may be inadequate for studying the influence of structure and connectivity on ecological processes within DENs. We propose a conceptual taxonomy of network analysis methods that account for DEN characteristics to varying degrees and provide a synthesis of the different approaches within the context of stream ecology. Within this context, we summarise the key innovations of a new family of spatial statistical models that describe spatial relationships in DENs. Finally, we discuss how different network analyses may be combined to address more complex and novel research questions. While our main focus is streams, the taxonomy of network analyses is also relevant anywhere spatial patterns in both network and 2-D space can be used to explore the influence of multi-scale processes on biota and their habitat (e.g. plant morphology and pest infestation, or preferential migration along stream or road corridors). C1 [Peterson, Erin E.] CSIRO Div Math Informat & Stat, Dutton Pk, Qld, Australia. [Ver Hoef, Jay M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Isaak, Dan J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. [Falke, Jeffrey A.; McNyset, Kristina] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Fortin, Marie-Josee] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Jordan, Chris E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Monestiez, Pascal] INRA, Unite Biostat & Proc Spatiaux, Avignon, France. [Ruesch, Aaron S.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sengupta, Aritra] Ohio State Univ, Dept Stat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Som, Nicholas] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Steel, E. Ashley] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA USA. [Theobald, David M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Torgersen, Christian E.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Cascadia Field Stn,Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wenger, Seth J.] Trout Unltd, Boise, ID USA. RP Peterson, EE (reprint author), CSIRO Div Math Informat & Stat, Dutton Pk, Qld, Australia. EM Erin.Peterson@csiro.au RI Peterson, Erin/D-2360-2009; OI Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895; Monestiez, Pascal/0000-0001-5851-2699 FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; National Science Foundation [EF-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California FX This study was conducted as part of the Spatial Statistics for Streams Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by the National Science Foundation (Grant # EF-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara and the State of California. We thank G.H. Reeves and K.M. Burnett at the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station for providing the rainbow trout abundance data used to develop the Torgegram in Fig. 7b. We also thank Frederieke Kroon, Nick Bond, Dan Pagendam and three anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on previous versions of this manuscript. Note that, any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 100 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 11 U2 173 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 16 IS 5 BP 707 EP 719 DI 10.1111/ele.12084 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 132OA UT WOS:000318077200017 PM 23458322 ER PT J AU Delgado, P Hensel, PF Swarth, CW Ceroni, M Boumans, R AF Delgado, P. Hensel, P. F. Swarth, C. W. Ceroni, M. Boumans, R. TI Sustainability of a Tidal Freshwater Marsh Exposed to a Long-term Hydrologic Barrier and Sea Level Rise A Short-term and Decadal Analysis of Elevation Change Dynamics SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Surface elevation change; Accretion; Tidal freshwater marsh; Seasonal sedimentation; Jug Bay; Patuxent River; Sustainability ID SEDIMENTATION-EROSION TABLE; HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENTS; RHONE RIVER DELTA; SALT MARSHES; VERTICAL ACCRETION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; WETLAND; DEPOSITION; VEGETATION; LOUISIANA AB A 115-year-old railroad levee bisecting a tidal freshwater marsh perpendicular to the Patuxent River (Maryland) channel has created a northern, upstream marsh and a southern, downstream marsh. The main purpose of this study was to determine how this levee may affect the ability of the marsh system to gain elevation and to determine the levee's impact on the marsh's long-term sustainability to local relative sea level rise (RSLR). Previously unpublished data from 1989 to 1992 showed that suspended solids and short-term sediment deposition were greater in the south marsh compared to the north marsh; wetland surface elevation change data (1999 to 2009) showed significantly higher elevation gain in the south marsh compared to the north (6 +/- 2 vs. 0 +/- 2 mm year(-1), respectively). However, marsh surface accretion (2007 to 2009) showed no significant differences between north and south marshes (23 +/- 8 and 26 +/- 7 mm year(-1), respectively), and showed that shallow subsidence was an important process in both marshes. A strong seasonal effect was evident for both accretion and elevation change, with significant gains during the growing season and elevation loss during the non-growing season. Sediment transport, deposition and accretion decreased along the intertidal gradient, although no clear patterns in elevation change were recorded. Given the range in local RSLR rates in the Chesapeake Bay (2.9 to 5.8 mm year(-1)), only the south marsh is keeping pace with sea level at the present time. Although one would expect the north marsh to benefit from high accretion of abundant riverine sediments, these results suggest that long-term elevation gain is a more nuanced process involving more than riverine sediments. Overall, other factors such as infrequent episodic coastal events may be important in allowing the south marsh to keep pace with sea level rise. Finally, caution should be exercised when using data sets spanning only a couple of years to estimate wetland sustainability as they may not be representative of long-term cumulative effects. Two years of data do not seem to be enough to establish long-term elevation change rates at Jug Bay, but instead a decadal time frame is more appropriate. C1 [Delgado, P.] Chesapeake Bay Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Hensel, P. F.] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Swarth, C. W.] Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary, Lothian, MD 20711 USA. [Ceroni, M.] Univ Vermont, Gund Inst Ecol Econ, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Ceroni, M.] Univ Vermont, Dept Plant Biol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Boumans, R.] Afordable Futures LLC, Charlotte, VT 05445 USA. RP Delgado, P (reprint author), Chesapeake Bay Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Maryland Dept Nat Resources, 580 Taylor Ave,E2, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM pdelgado@dnr.state.md.us FU NOAA/UNH Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology (CICEET), Durham, NH; Anne Arundel County Department of Recreation and Parks FX The authors thank the Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary staff for their valuable help with logistics and laboratory space. We also thank Ferdinando Villa, Pamela Behm, Camilo Lewis Gonzales, Catherina Sikkes, Theodore Sikkes, Rachel Dickey, Lindsay Hollister, Valerie Pfeiffer, Lindsay Carroll, and Cathy Ervin for help with fieldwork. Additional thanks go to Jim Morris for providing 1989 sedimentation data. The first phase of this study was supported by a grant from the NOAA/UNH Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology (CICEET), Durham, NH. We also thank the Anne Arundel County Department of Recreation and Parks for funding support. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAY PY 2013 VL 36 IS 3 BP 585 EP 594 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9587-2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 135NP UT WOS:000318295300012 ER PT J AU Vincent, RE Burdick, DM Dionne, M AF Vincent, Robert E. Burdick, David M. Dionne, Michele TI Ditching and Ditch-Plugging in New England Salt Marshes: Effects on Hydrology, Elevation, and Soil Characteristics SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Hydrologic alteration; Self-maintenance; Subsidence; Carbon storage; Sea level ID GRASS SPARTINA-PATENS; SURFACE-TOPOGRAPHY; LOUISIANA; ACCRETION; ALTERNIFLORA; HYDROPERIOD; COMMUNITY; CARBON; PEAT AB Anthropogenic activities in New England salt marshes have altered hydrologic flows in various ways, but unintended consequences from some types of habitat modifications have received little attention. Specifically, ditches have existed on salt marshes for decades, but the effects of these hydrologic alterations are only poorly understood. Ditch-plugging is a more recent methodology used for salt marsh habitat enhancement and mosquito control, but the long-term effects from this management practice are also unclear. The interactions involving marsh surface elevation, soil characteristics, and hydrologic regimes result in feedbacks that regulate the salt marsh self-maintenance process, and these interactions vary with hydrologic modification. Using natural tidal creeks and pools as controls, we examined the effects of ditching and plugging, respectively, on hydrology, surface elevations, and soils. Results showed the most apparent effects of altered hydrology from ditching are prolonged pore-water retention in the rooting zone and significantly lower soil bulk density and mineral content when compared with natural creek habitat. From a management perspective, the important question is whether the combined alterations to physical and biological processes will hinder the marsh's ability to keep pace with increasing rates of sea level rise, especially in more heavily ditched marshes. In contrast, ditch-plugging results in the decoupling of feedback processes that promote salt marsh self-maintenance and in doing so, threatens marsh stability and resilience to climate change. High surface water levels, permanently saturated soils, marsh subsidence, and significantly lower bulk density, carbon storage, soil strength, and redox levels associated with hydrologic alterations from ditch-plugging all support this conclusion. C1 [Vincent, Robert E.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. [Vincent, Robert E.; Burdick, David M.] Univ New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Dionne, Michele] Wells Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Wells, ME 04090 USA. RP Vincent, RE (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Serv, 55 Great Republ Dr, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. EM robert.vincent@noaa.gov FU University of New Hampshire Marine Program FX We would like to thank Beth Lambert at the New Hampshire Coastal Program and Matt Collins at the NOAA Restoration Center for help with data collection and use of equipment. Additional equipment used for this study was funded in part by the University of New Hampshire Marine Program, and the Wells National Estuarine Research Reserve provided lab space. We thank faculty and students at the University of New Hampshire Jackson Estuarine Laboratory for their assistance, especially Fred Short, Greg Moore, Alyson Eberhardt, and Chris Peter. Additional thanks go to Ray Konisky at The Nature Conservancy. The US Fish and Wildlife Service provided special use permits for work at Chauncey Creek and Parker River marshes, and Bates College and The Nature Conservancy granted permission to work at Sprague River Marsh. This work is dedicated to our co-author, Michele Dionne, a talented scientist, mentor, colleague, and friend who contributed greatly to estuarine research and conservation. Dr. Dionne sadly passed away on July 4, 2012. Jackson Estuarine Laboratory Contribution #512. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAY PY 2013 VL 36 IS 3 BP 610 EP 625 DI 10.1007/s12237-012-9583-y PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 135NP UT WOS:000318295300014 ER PT J AU Cope, JM AF Cope, Jason M. TI Implementing a statistical catch-at-age model (Stock Synthesis) as a tool for deriving overfishing limits in data-limited situations SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fisheries management; Life history parameters; Monte Carlo; Bayesian; Stock assessment; Population dynamics; Data-poor ID DATA-POOR STOCKS; HARVEST STRATEGIES; REFERENCE POINTS; FISH STOCKS; FISHERIES; ASSESSMENTS; MANAGEMENT; PERFORMANCE; POLICY AB Stock Synthesis (SS) is a likelihood-based statistical catch-at-age modeling environment allowing multiple data sources to be used to characterize population dynamics through time. While it is typically applied in data-rich circumstances, its suitability in data-limited situations is investigated in this work. Two "Simple Stock Synthesis" (SSS) approaches are outlined, each developed to mimic the Depletion-Based Stock Reduction Analysis (DB-SRA) estimation of overfishing limits (OFLs) currently applied to data-limited U.S. west coast groundfish species. SSS-MC uses Monte Carlo draws of natural mortality, steepness, and stock depletion and estimates initial recruitment, while SSS-MCMC estimates natural mortality, steepness, and initial recruitment while fitting to an artificial abundance survey representing stock depletion with an error distribution equivalent to the stock depletion prior used in DB-SRA. These approaches are applied to 45 species of unassessed groundfishes in the Pacific Fishery Management Council Groundfish Fishery Management Plan, and the OFL estimates are compared to corresponding DB-SRA estimates. Despite model structure and parameter specification differences, SSS led to results comparable to DB-SRA over a wide range of species and life histories. SSS models with sex-specific life history parameters and growth variability are also presented as examples of how the inherent flexibility of SS can be used to account for more uncertainty in derived quantities. SSS-MCMC, while exhibiting statistically undesirable traits due to the inclusion of the artificial survey, readily includes data-informed abundance surveys into an assessment framework consistent with more complex, data-informed assessments. Establishment of viable data-limited approaches in SS is a convenient first steps in "building-up" stock assessments towards fuller implementation in SS when additional data become available, while also providing a way to inform management in data-limited situations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Cope, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jason.cope@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 142 SI SI BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.03.006 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 129AT UT WOS:000317811500002 ER PT J AU Taylor, IG Gertseva, V Methot, RD Maunder, MN AF Taylor, Ian G. Gertseva, Vladlena Methot, Richard D., Jr. Maunder, Mark N. TI A stock-recruitment relationship based on pre-recruit survival, illustrated with application to spiny dogfish shark SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Stock-recruitment relationship; Pre-recruit survival; Stock synthesis; Spiny dogfish shark ID SQUALUS-ACANTHIAS; FISHERY; MODELS AB Understanding the relationship between abundance of spawners and subsequent recruitment is one of the central issues in fisheries stock assessment. We developed a new, pre-recruit survival based stock-recruitment model that enables explicit modeling of survival between embryos and age 0 recruits, and allows the description of a wide range of pre-recruit survival curves. The model is especially useful for low fecundity species that produce relatively few offspring per litter and exhibit a more direct connection between spawning output and recruitment than species generating millions of eggs. The proposed model provides additional flexibility in the stock-recruitment options that may be explored in any fishery stock assessment, and it is now available within the Stock Synthesis assessment platform. In this paper, we describe the mathematical formulation of the new stock-recruitment model, explain how this model can be specified within Stock Synthesis, and use it to model the stock-recruitment relationship of the spiny dogfish shark in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. We compare the results of the application of our new stock-recruitment model, with those from traditional Beverton-Holt relationship, and illustrate why the new approach is more appropriate for this species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Taylor, Ian G.; Gertseva, Vladlena] NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Methot, Richard D., Jr.] NOAA, Assessment & Monitoring Div, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Maunder, Mark N.] Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Taylor, IG (reprint author), NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Ian.Taylor@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 142 SI SI BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.04.018 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 129AT UT WOS:000317811500003 ER PT J AU MacCall, AD Teo, SLH AF MacCall, Alec D. Teo, Steven L. H. TI A hybrid stock synthesis-Virtual population analysis model of Pacific bluefin tuna SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fishery selectivity; Availability; Variability; Cohort linkage; Separable models; Integrated assessment ID CATCH AB The fishery selectivity or availability of younger ages of highly mobile species can be strongly influenced by changes in environmental conditions or fishery targeting, and may not conform to the parametric selectivity curves commonly used in integrated assessment models such as stock synthesis (SS), which could lead to unreliable results. In contrast, a virtual population analysis (VPA) makes no assumptions regarding selectivity of ages younger than those used to link cohorts, and should provide a reliable solution for those ages, without adverse impacts on other aspects of the assessment. We propose a "hybrid" model where young ages are disconnected from the integrated model's selectivity curves for older fish, and are modeled as a VPA. Catches of young fish are removed from the individual fishery landings and are aggregated to form "artificial" single-age fisheries with unit selectivity, so that fishing mortality rates can be estimated directly, thus emulating a VPA for the youngest ages. This is especially useful when there are a large number of independent fleets. Applying this exploratory model to an SS assessment of Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) with 10 fleets indicates that fishing mortality rates since 1990 may be higher than are estimated by the currently accepted integrated model, and that current spawning biomass may be lower by nearly half. Estimated annual recruitments from the two models are nearly identical. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [MacCall, Alec D.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Teo, Steven L. H.] NOAA, Fisheries Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP MacCall, AD (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM alec.maccall@noaa.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 142 SI SI BP 22 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.05.001 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 129AT UT WOS:000317811500004 ER PT J AU Stewart, IJ Hicks, AC Taylor, IG Thorson, JT Wetzel, C Kupschus, S AF Stewart, Ian J. Hicks, Allan C. Taylor, Ian G. Thorson, James T. Wetzel, Chantell Kupschus, Sven TI A comparison of stock assessment uncertainty estimates using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods implemented with the same model framework SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Maximum-likelihood; Bayesian; Uncertainty; Stock assessment ID FISHERIES AB Many fisheries stock assessment models are implemented specifically for likelihood-based estimation or for Bayesian inference (via full integration of the joint posterior distributions), but not all have appropriate structure for both statistical approaches. Bias correction of recruitment deviations, in particular, must be adjusted to achieve consistency in each case. Fisheries management often uses the two types of results similarly, setting future catch quotas based on expected values or posterior medians depending on which is available given time constraints. Using two recent examples from the U.S. west coast, Pacific hake and sablefish, both implemented in Stock Synthesis, we find that likelihood-based estimates of key management quantities, such as spawning biomass, corresponded well with posterior modes, but tend to be lower (on an absolute scale) than posterior median values and that the asymptotic approximation for uncertainty intervals based on the Hessian matrix tends to overestimate the likelihood of smaller stock sizes and underestimate that of larger stock sizes. This pattern may be caused by a basic asymmetry in most fisheries data-sets: the necessity of a minimum stock size to have generated the observed catch/time-series, but little information regarding the plausibility among much larger stock sizes. Where only one type of inference is available, this asymmetry may be important for management decision-making. Even if management takes explicit account of uncertainty, in some cases adding a precautionary buffer that scales with the relative uncertainty in point estimates, the differences in catch advice may turn out to be important and the relative reductions non-linear. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stewart, Ian J.; Hicks, Allan C.; Taylor, Ian G.; Wetzel, Chantell] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hicks, Allan C.; Thorson, James T.; Wetzel, Chantell] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kupschus, Sven] MAFF, Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 OHT, Suffolk, England. RP Stewart, IJ (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM lan.Stewart@noaa.gov RI Thorson, James/O-7937-2014 OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 142 SI SI BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.07.003 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 129AT UT WOS:000317811500006 ER PT J AU MacCall, AD AF MacCall, Alec D. TI Use of the delta method to evaluate the precision of assessments that fix parameter values SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Uncertainty; Likelihood profile; Rapid approximation ID VIRTUAL POPULATION ANALYSIS; RECRUIT RELATIONSHIPS; NATURAL MORTALITY; FISH; TEMPERATURE; UNCERTAINTY; LIKELIHOOD; GROWTH AB Many stock assessments fix values for influential, but poorly known, parameters such as the natural mortality rate or the steepness of the stock-recruitment relationship, which leads to published estimates of uncertainty being underestimates. The delta method, in which the partial derivatives of the model outputs with respect to all of the parameters of the model can be easily obtained numerically using likelihood profiling, can be used to provide quick, but approximate, estimates of precision for model outputs when some key parameters are fixed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP MacCall, AD (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM Alec.MacCall@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 142 SI SI BP 56 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.07.018 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 129AT UT WOS:000317811500008 ER PT J AU Taylor, IG Methot, RD AF Taylor, Ian G. Methot, Richard D., Jr. TI Hiding or dead? A computationally efficient model of selective fisheries mortality SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Stock Synthesis; Rosa Lee's Phenomenon; Selective mortality; Dome-shaped selectivity ID AGE; AUSTRALIA; GROWTH; VARIABILITY; PERFORMANCE; DYNAMICS; LENGTH; BIAS AB 100 years after Rosa Lee (1912) showed that higher mortality on faster growing fish can alter length-at-age distributions in fish populations, we present a computationally-efficient and parsimonious method for modeling size-selective mortality within a commonly-used assessment model, Stock Synthesis. Stock Synthesis allows the normal distribution of length-at-age to be partitioned into three or five overlapping platoons with slow, medium, or fast growth trajectories. The platoons are tracked separately in the model, and experience different degrees of size-selective fishing pressure and mortality, but are assumed to be unobservable except through changes in the length distribution. Simulations are used to explore this phenomenon in conjunction with dome-shaped selectivity, an alternative explanation for observing fewer than expected large fish in sampled data, but with very different implications for population productivity. For data simulated both with and without platoons, misspecification of the assumptions about growth are found to bias model results, with selectivity often incorrectly identified as the cause of fewer observations of larger fish. Trends in dome-shaped selectivity were explored as a potential diagnostic of model misspecification. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Taylor, Ian G.; Methot, Richard D., Jr.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Taylor, IG (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM ian.taylor@noaa.gov; richard.methot@noaa.gov FU NOAA [NA17RJ1232] FX We are grateful to numerous members of the vibrant fisheries science community in Seattle for providing valuable feedback on this modeling approach and this manuscript describing it as both evolved over many years. We are particularly appreciative of Associate Editor Andre Punt for his work assembling this special issue and his valuable feedback on this manuscript. Ian Taylor was supported during some of this period through NOAA Award NA17RJ1232 to the University of Washington's Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 142 SI SI BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.08.021 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 129AT UT WOS:000317811500010 ER PT J AU Methot, RD Wetzel, CR AF Methot, Richard D., Jr. Wetzel, Chantell R. TI Stock synthesis: A biological and statistical framework for fish stock assessment and fishery management SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Stock assessment; Stock synthesis; Population models; Fishery management ID ASSESSMENT MODELS; REDUCTION ANALYSIS; AGE DATA; CATCH; SELECTIVITY; PARAMETERS; MORTALITY; FECUNDITY; EXAMPLE; CURVES AB Stock synthesis (SS) is a statistical age-structured population modeling framework that has been applied in a wide variety of fish assessments globally. The framework is highly scalable from data-weak situations where it operates as an age-structured production model, to complex situations where it can flexibly incorporate multiple data sources and account for biological and environmental processes. SS implements compensatory population dynamics through use of a function relating mean recruitment to spawner reproductive output. This function enhances the ability of SS to operate in data-weak situations and enables it to estimate fishery management quantities such as fishing rates that would provide for maximum sustainable yield and to employ these rates in forecasts of potential yield and future stock status. Complex model configurations such as multiple areas and multiple growth morphs are possible, tag-recapture data can be used to aid estimation of movement rates among areas, and most parameters can change over time in response to environmental and ecosystem factors. SS is coded using Auto-Differentiation Model Builder, so inherits its powerful capability to efficiently estimate hundreds of parameters using either maximum likelihood or Bayesian inference. Output processing, principally through a package developed in R, enables rapid model diagnosis. Details of the underlying population dynamics and the statistical framework used within SS are provided. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Methot, Richard D., Jr.; Wetzel, Chantell R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv NWFSC, Off Sci & Technol, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Wetzel, Chantell R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Methot, RD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv NWFSC, Off Sci & Technol, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM richard.methot@noaa.gov NR 56 TC 149 Z9 151 U1 8 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 142 SI SI BP 86 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.10.012 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 129AT UT WOS:000317811500011 ER PT J AU Coble, MD Hill, CR Butler, JM AF Coble, Michael D. Hill, Carolyn R. Butler, John M. TI Haplotype data for 23 Y-chromosome markers in four US population groups SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Y-STR; PowerPlex Y23; Y chromosome; Population data; Haplotypes; US populations ID ALLELE FREQUENCIES; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; STR LOCI AB The PowerPlex Y23 kit contains 23 Y-chromosomal loci including all 17 of the markers in the Yfiler Y-STR kit plus six additional markers: DYS481, DYS533, DYS549, DYS570, DYS576, and DYS643. We have typed 1032 unrelated population samples from four self-declared US groups: African Americans, Asians, Hispanics, and Western European Caucasians. An analysis of the population genetic parameters and the improvement of adding additional Y-STR markers to the dataset are described. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Coble, Michael D.; Hill, Carolyn R.; Butler, John M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Coble, MD (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.coble@nist.gov FU National Institute of Justice (NIJ) [2010-DN-R-7121]; NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards FX The authors would like to acknowledge present and former members of NIST for their technical assistance: Margaret Kline, Jan Redman, Dr. Richard Schoske, Amy Decker, Erica Butts, and Rebecca Hart for the initial preparation, quantitation, and dilution of the NIST U.S. population samples used in this study and to Dr. Tom Reid for supplying the DNA Diagnostics Center (DDC) father/son samples. The authors also acknowledge Dr. Dave Duewer (NIST) for analytical and statistical support for data analysis. The authors also express gratitude to the Promega Corporation for supplying the PowerPlex Y23 kits used in this study. This work was funded in part by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) through an interagency agreement 2010-DN-R-7121 with the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards. NR 8 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 7 IS 3 BP E66 EP E68 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2013.03.006 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA 132IP UT WOS:000318061400006 PM 23578807 ER PT J AU Hill, CR Duewer, DL Kline, MC Coble, MD Butler, JM AF Hill, Carolyn R. Duewer, David L. Kline, Margaret C. Coble, Michael D. Butler, John M. TI US population data for 29 autosomal STR loci SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Letter ID MINISTR LOCI; DEGRADED DNA C1 [Hill, Carolyn R.; Duewer, David L.; Kline, Margaret C.; Coble, Michael D.; Butler, John M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hill, CR (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM becky.hill@nist.gov NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 7 IS 3 BP E82 EP E83 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.12.004 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA 132IP UT WOS:000318061400012 PM 23317915 ER PT J AU McLaren, RS Patel, J Ewing, MM Storts, DR Noel, F Dognaux, S Hill, CR Kline, MC Butler, JM AF McLaren, Robert S. Patel, Jaynish Ewing, Margaret M. Storts, Douglas R. Noel, Fabrice Dognaux, Sophie Hill, Carolyn R. Kline, Margaret C. Butler, John M. TI Developmental validation of the PowerPlex (R) ESI 17 Pro System SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Letter C1 [McLaren, Robert S.; Patel, Jaynish; Ewing, Margaret M.; Storts, Douglas R.] Promega Corp, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Noel, Fabrice; Dognaux, Sophie] Natl Inst Criminalist & Criminol, Brussels, Belgium. [Hill, Carolyn R.; Kline, Margaret C.; Butler, John M.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McLaren, RS (reprint author), Promega Corp, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM bob.mclaren@promega.com OI Noel, Fabrice/0000-0001-9915-5608 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 7 IS 3 BP E69 EP E73 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.11.009 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA 132IP UT WOS:000318061400007 PM 23273816 ER PT J AU Cubonova, L Richardson, T Burkhart, BW Kelman, Z Connolly, BA Reeve, JN Santangelo, TJ AF Cubonova, Lubomira Richardson, Tomas Burkhart, Brett W. Kelman, Zvi Connolly, Bernard A. Reeve, John N. Santangelo, Thomas J. TI Archaeal DNA Polymerase D but Not DNA Polymerase B Is Required for Genome Replication in Thermococcus kodakarensis SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; HYPERTHERMOPHILIC ARCHAEON; PYROCOCCUS-ABYSSI; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; KODAKARAENSIS KOD1; CATALYTIC DOMAINS; PROTEINS; EPSILON AB Three evolutionarily distinct families of replicative DNA polymerases, designated polymerase B (Pol B), Pol C, and Pol D, have been identified. Members of the Pol B family are present in all three domains of life, whereas Pol C exists only in Bacteria and Pol D exists only in Archaea. Pol B enzymes replicate eukaryotic chromosomal DNA, and as members of the Pol B family are present in all Archaea, it has been assumed that Pol B enzymes also replicate archaeal genomes. Here we report the construction of Thermococcus kodakarensis strains with mutations that delete or inactivate key functions of Pol B. T. kodakarensis strains lacking Pol B had no detectable loss in viability and no growth defects or changes in spontaneous mutation frequency but had increased sensitivity to UV irradiation. In contrast, we were unable to introduce mutations that inactivated either of the genes encoding the two subunits of Pol D. The results reported establish that Pol D is sufficient for viability and genome replication in T. kodakarensis and argue that Pol D rather than Pol B is likely the replicative DNA polymerase in this archaeon. The majority of Archaea contain Pol D, and, as discussed, if Pol D is the predominant replicative polymerase in Archaea, this profoundly impacts hypotheses for the origin(s), evolution, and distribution of the different DNA replication enzymes and systems now employed in the three domains of life. C1 [Cubonova, Lubomira; Burkhart, Brett W.; Reeve, John N.; Santangelo, Thomas J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Richardson, Tomas; Connolly, Bernard A.] Newcastle Univ, Inst Cell & Mol Biosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Kelman, Zvi] NIST, Rockville, MD USA. [Kelman, Zvi] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. RP Santangelo, TJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Microbiol, 484 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM santangelo.11@osu.edu FU National Institutes of Health [GM098176]; National Science Foundation [MCB-0815646]; UK-BBSRC FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grant GM098176 (to J.N.R. and T.J.S.) and National Science Foundation grant MCB-0815646 (to Z.K.). T.R. was a UK-BBSRC-supported Ph.D. student. NR 52 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 195 IS 10 BP 2322 EP 2328 DI 10.1128/JB.02037-12 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 131WH UT WOS:000318027800022 PM 23504010 ER PT J AU Hoerling, M Kumar, A Dole, R Nielsen-Gammon, JW Eischeid, J Perlwitz, J Quan, XW Zhang, T Pegion, P Chen, MY AF Hoerling, Martin Kumar, Arun Dole, Randall Nielsen-Gammon, John W. Eischeid, Jon Perlwitz, Judith Quan, Xiao-Wei Zhang, Tao Pegion, Philip Chen, Mingyue TI Anatomy of an Extreme Event SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; OKLAHOMA-TEXAS DROUGHT; SOIL-MOISTURE FEEDBACK; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WARMING HOLE; GREAT-PLAINS; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; EUROPE AB The record-setting 2011 Texas drought/heat wave is examined to identify physical processes, underlying causes, and predictability. October 2010-September 2011 was Texas's driest 12-month period on record. While the summer 2011 heat wave magnitude (2.9 degrees C above the 1981-2010 mean) was larger than the previous record, events of similar or larger magnitude appear in preindustrial control runs of climate models. The principal factor contributing to the heat wave magnitude was a severe rainfall deficit during antecedent and concurrent seasons related to anomalous sea surface temperatures (SSTs) that included a La Nina event. Virtually all the precipitation deficits appear to be due to natural variability. About 0.6 degrees C warming relative to the 1981-2010 mean is estimated to be attributable to human-induced climate change, with warming observed mainly in the past decade. Quantitative attribution of the overall human-induced contribution since preindustrial times is complicated by the lack of a detected century-scale temperature trend over Texas. Multiple factors altered the probability of climate extremes over Texas in 2011. Observed SST conditions increased the frequency of severe rainfall deficit events from 9% to 34% relative to 1981-2010, while anthropogenic forcing did not appreciably alter their frequency. Human-induced climate change increased the probability of a new temperature record from 3% during the 1981-2010 reference period to 6% in 2011, while the 2011 SSTs increased the probability from 4% to 23%. Forecasts initialized in May 2011 demonstrate predictive skill in anticipating much of the SST-enhanced risk for an extreme summer drought/heat wave over Texas. C1 [Hoerling, Martin; Dole, Randall; Eischeid, Jon; Perlwitz, Judith; Quan, Xiao-Wei; Zhang, Tao; Pegion, Philip] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kumar, Arun; Chen, Mingyue] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Nielsen-Gammon, John W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. [Eischeid, Jon; Perlwitz, Judith; Quan, Xiao-Wei; Zhang, Tao; Pegion, Philip] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hoerling, M (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM martin.hoerling@noaa.gov RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008; Nielsen-Gammon, John/G-9771-2012 OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442; Nielsen-Gammon, John/0000-0001-5336-2409 NR 53 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 84 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 26 IS 9 BP 2811 EP 2832 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00270.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 133SH UT WOS:000318159500007 ER PT J AU Hallberg, R Adcroft, A Dunne, JP Krasting, JP Stouffer, RJ AF Hallberg, Robert Adcroft, Alistair Dunne, John P. Krasting, John P. Stouffer, Ronald J. TI Sensitivity of Twenty-First-Century Global-Mean Steric Sea Level Rise to Ocean Model Formulation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-OCEAN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; Z-COORDINATE; DIFFUSIVITY; EDDIES AB Two comprehensive Earth system models (ESMs), identical apart from their oceanic components, are used to estimate the uncertainty in projections of twenty-first-century sea level rise due to representational choices in ocean physical formulation. Most prominent among the formulation differences is that one (ESM2M) uses a traditional z-coordinate ocean model, while the other (ESM2G) uses an isopycnal-coordinate ocean. As evidence of model fidelity, differences in twentieth-century global-mean steric sea level rise are not statistically significant between either model and observed trends. However, differences between the two models' twenty-first-century projections are systematic and both statistically and climatically significant. By 2100, ESM2M exhibits 18% higher global steric sea level rise than ESM2G for all four radiative forcing scenarios (28-49 mm higher), despite having similar changes between the models in the near-surface ocean for several scenarios. These differences arise primarily from the vertical extent over which heat is taken up and the total heat uptake by the models (9% more in ESM2M than ESM2G). The fact that the spun-up control state of ESM2M is warmer than ESM2G also contributes by giving thermal expansion coefficients that are about 7% larger in ESM2M than ESM2G. The differences between these models provide a direct estimate of the sensitivity of twenty-first-century sea level rise to ocean model formulation, and, given the span of these models across the observed volume of the ventilated thermocline, may also approximate the sensitivities expected from uncertainties in the characterization of interior ocean physical processes. C1 [Hallberg, Robert; Adcroft, Alistair; Dunne, John P.; Krasting, John P.; Stouffer, Ronald J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Hallberg, Robert; Adcroft, Alistair] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Hallberg, R (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM robert.hallberg@noaa.gov RI Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Adcroft, Alistair/E-5949-2010 OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Adcroft, Alistair/0000-0001-9413-1017 NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 26 IS 9 BP 2947 EP 2956 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00506.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 133SH UT WOS:000318159500016 ER PT J AU Norris, JE Choquette, SJ Viallon, J Moussay, P Wielgosz, R Guenther, FR AF Norris, James E. Choquette, Steven J. Viallon, Joele Moussay, Philippe Wielgosz, Robert Guenther, Franklin R. TI Temperature measurement and optical path-length bias improvement modifications to National Institute of Standards and Technology ozone reference standards SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Ambient ozone measurements in the United States and many other countries are traceable to a National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Photometer (NIST SRP). The NIST SRP serves as the highest level ozone reference standard in the United States, with NIST SRPs located at NIST and at many U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) laboratories. The International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) maintains a NIST SRP as the reference standard for international measurement comparability through the International Committee of Weights and Measures (CIPM). In total, there are currently NIST SRPs located in 20 countries for use as an ozone reference standard. A detailed examination of the NIST SRP by the BIPM and NIST has revealed a temperature gradient and optical path-length bias inherent in all NIST SRPs. A temperature gradient along the absorption cells causes incorrect temperature measurements by as much as 2 degrees C. Additionally, the temperature probe used for temperature measurements was found to inaccurately measure the temperature of the sample gas due to a self-heating effect. Multiple internal reflections within the absorption cells produce an actual path length longer than the measured fixed length used in the calculations for ozone mole fractions. Reflections from optical filters located at the exit of the absorption cells add to this effect. Because all NIST SRPs are essentially identical, the temperature and path-length biases exist on all units by varying amounts dependent upon instrument settings, laboratory conditions, and absorption cell window alignment. This paper will discuss the cause of, and physical modifications for, reducing these measurement biases in NIST SRPs. Results from actual NIST SRP bias upgrades quantifying the effects of these measurement biases on ozone measurements are summarized. Implications: NIST SRPs are maintained in laboratories around the world underpinning ozone measurement calibration and traceability within and between countries. The work described in this paper quantifies and shows the reduction of instrument biases in NIST SRPs improving their overall agreement. This improved agreement in all NIST SRPs provides a more stable baseline for ozone measurements worldwide. C1 [Norris, James E.; Choquette, Steven J.; Guenther, Franklin R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wielgosz, Robert] Int Bur Weights & Measures, Dept Chem, Sevres, France. RP Norris, JE (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jnorris@nist.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 63 IS 5 BP 565 EP 574 DI 10.1080/10962247.2013.773951 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 133OU UT WOS:000318148900008 PM 23786148 ER PT J AU Lin, YL Liu, LP Tang, GQ Spinks, J Jones, W AF Lin, Yuh-Lang Liu, Liping Tang, Guoqing Spinks, James Jones, Wilson TI Origin of the pre-tropical storm Debby (2006) African easterly wave-mesoscale convective system SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE-ALBERTO 2000; ATLANTIC HURRICANES; GENESIS; DISTURBANCES; COMPLEX; MODEL; ASSOCIATION; PROPAGATION; GENERATION; INTENSE AB The origins of the pre-Debby (2006) mesoscale convective system (MCS) and African easterly wave (AEW) and their precursors were traced back to the southwest Arabian Peninsula, Asir Mountains (AS), and Ethiopian Highlands (EH) in the vicinity of the ITCZ using satellite imagery, GFS analysis data and ARW model. The sources of the convective cloud clusters and vorticity perturbations were attributed to the cyclonic convergence of northeasterly Shamal wind and the Somali jet, especially when the Mediterranean High shifted toward east and the Indian Ocean high strengthened and its associated Somali jet penetrated farther to the north. The cyclonic vorticity perturbations were strengthened by the vorticity stretching associated with convective cloud clusters in the genesis region-southwest Arabian Peninsula. A conceptual model was proposed to explain the genesis of convective cloud clusters and cyclonic vorticity perturbations preceding the pre-Debby (2006) AEW-MCS system. C1 [Lin, Yuh-Lang] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Phys, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Lin, Yuh-Lang; Spinks, James] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Energy & Environm Syst, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Lin, Yuh-Lang] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, NOAA ISET Ctr, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Lin, Yuh-Lang] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, EES ISET, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Liu, Liping; Tang, Guoqing; Jones, Wilson] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Math, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. RP Lin, YL (reprint author), N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, EES ISET, 1601 E Market St,302H Gibbs Hall, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. EM ylin@ncat.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Educational Partnership Program [NA06OAR4 810187] FX We would like to thank Dr. Solomon Bililign, the Director of NOAA ISET Center, for his continuous encouragement in pursuing this study. This research was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Educational Partnership Program under Cooperative Agreement No: NA06OAR4 810187. Reviewers' comments are appreciated, which have improved the quality of the paper significantly. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 120 IS 3-4 BP 123 EP 144 DI 10.1007/s00703-013-0248-6 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 135RY UT WOS:000318307400002 ER PT J AU Sandifer, PA Trtanj, JM Collier, TK AF Sandifer, Paul A. Trtanj, Juli M. Collier, Tracy K. TI A Perspective on the History and Evolution of an Oceans and Human Health "Metadiscipline" in the USA SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Review ID HURRICANE-KATRINA; IMPACTS AB We review recent history and evolution of Oceans and Human Health programs and related activities in the USA from a perspective within the Federal government. As a result of about a decade of support by the US Congress and through a few Federal agencies, notably the National Science Foundation, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration, robust Oceans and Human Health (OHH) research and application activities are now relatively widespread, although still small, in a number of agencies and academic institutions. OHH themes and issues have been incorporated into comprehensive federal ocean research plans and are reflected in the new National Ocean Policy enunciated by Executive Order 13547. In just a decade, OHH has matured into a recognized "metadiscipline," with development of a small, but robust and diverse community of science and practice, incorporation into academic educational programs, regular participation in ocean and coastal science and public health societies, and active engagement with public health decision makers. In addition to substantial increases in scientific information, the OHH community has demonstrated ability to respond rapidly and effectively to emergency situations such as those associated with extreme weather events (e.g., hurricanes, floods) and human-caused disasters (e.g., the Deep Water Horizon oil spill). Among many other things, next steps include development and implementation of agency health strategies and provision of specific services, such as ecological forecasts to provide routine early warnings for ocean health threats and opportunities for prevention and mitigation of these risks. C1 [Sandifer, Paul A.] NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Trtanj, Juli M.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Collier, Tracy K.] UCAR, Seattle, WA USA. RP Sandifer, PA (reprint author), NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM paul.sandifer@noaa.gov RI yu, jian/C-1280-2009 NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 65 IS 4 BP 880 EP 888 DI 10.1007/s00248-013-0181-8 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 134BD UT WOS:000318183800009 PM 23435826 ER PT J AU Hower, S Phillips, MC Brodsky, M Dameron, A Tamargo, MA Salazar, NC Jackson, CR Barrett, JB Davidson, M Davis, J Mukherjee, S Ewing, RY Gidley, ML Sinigalliano, CD Johns, L Johnson, FE Adebanjo, O Plano, LRW AF Hower, Suzanne Phillips, Matthew C. Brodsky, Micah Dameron, Adrienne Tamargo, Manuel A. Salazar, Norma C. Jackson, Charlene R. Barrett, John B. Davidson, Maureen Davis, Johnnie Mukherjee, Sampa Ewing, Ruth Y. Gidley, Maribeth L. Sinigalliano, Christopher D. Johns, Lisa Johnson, Frank E., III Adebanjo, Olufunmilola Plano, Lisa R. W. TI Clonally Related Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Short-Finned Pilot Whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus), Human Volunteers, and a Bayfront Cetacean Rehabilitation Facility SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; CASSETTE CHROMOSOME MEC; MULTIPLEX PCR STRATEGY; UNITED-STATES; SKIN INFECTIONS; STRAIN USA300; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; MRSA; EMERGENCE AB In May of 2011, a live mass stranding of 26 short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) occurred in the lower Florida Keys. Five surviving whales were transferred from the original stranding site to a nearby marine mammal rehabilitation facility where they were constantly attended to by a team of volunteers. Bacteria cultured during the routine clinical care of the whales and necropsy of a deceased whale included methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA). In order to investigate potential sources or reservoirs of MSSA and MRSA, samples were obtained from human volunteers, whales, seawater, and sand from multiple sites at the facility, nearby recreational beaches, and a canal. Samples were collected on 3 days. The second collection day was 2 weeks after the first, and the third collection day was 2 months after the last animal was removed from the facility. MRSA and MSSA were isolated on each day from the facility when animals and volunteers were present. MSSA was found at an adjacent beach on all three collection days. Isolates were characterized by utilizing a combination of quantitative real-time PCR to determine the presence of mecA and genes associated with virulence, staphylococcal protein A typing, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing, multilocus sequence typing, and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Using these methods, clonally related MRSA were isolated from multiple environmental locations as well as from humans and animals. Non-identical but genetically similar MSSA and MRSA were also identified from distinct sources within this sample pool. PFGE indicated that the majority of MRSA isolates were clonally related to the prototype human strain USA300. These studies support the notion that S. aureus may be shed into an environment by humans or pilot whales and subsequently colonize or infect exposed new hosts. C1 [Hower, Suzanne; Plano, Lisa R. W.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Hower, Suzanne; Phillips, Matthew C.; Dameron, Adrienne; Tamargo, Manuel A.; Salazar, Norma C.; Plano, Lisa R. W.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Brodsky, Micah] VMD Consulting, Miami, FL 33138 USA. [Jackson, Charlene R.; Barrett, John B.] ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Davidson, Maureen; Davis, Johnnie; Mukherjee, Sampa] US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Ewing, Ruth Y.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Gidley, Maribeth L.; Sinigalliano, Christopher D.; Johns, Lisa; Johnson, Frank E., III; Adebanjo, Olufunmilola] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Phillips, Matthew C.; Gidley, Maribeth L.; Sinigalliano, Christopher D.; Plano, Lisa R. W.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, NSF NIEHS Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Gidley, Maribeth L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Plano, LRW (reprint author), Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM lplano@miami.edu RI Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014; gidley, maribeth/B-8335-2014 OI Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X; gidley, maribeth/0000-0001-9583-8073 FU Hollings Scholarship Program of the NOAA Office of Education FX We would like to thank the Marine Mammal Conservancy for their assistance and cooperation during this study. We thank Alexander Costidis for performing the whale necropsy as well as the staff at the FWC Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Marine Mammal Pathobiology Laboratory. We are grateful to Ari Bennett, Julie Hollenbeck, Heather Coit, Sharon Plano, Rebecca Weeks, Havek Kavoblock, Ryan Phillips, Danielle DeHowitt, and the Florida Department of Health for their assistance during the sample collections. We thank Dr. Helena Solo-Gabriele and Faiza Benahmed, for assistance in processing and storing samples. Thanks to Carlton Woods at Micrim Laboratory, Inc. for isolating MRSA from the whale samples and facilitating the transfer to University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. We also thank the Palm Beach Infectious Disease Institute for providing S. aureus clinical isolates for comparison. Additionally, we thank the Hollings Scholarship Program of the NOAA Office of Education for their support of the Hollings Scholar students involved in this project. Marine Mammal samples were collected as either diagnostic clinical samples or as salvage samples under NMFS Permit No. 932-1905/MA-009526. This publication represents the personal opinions of the authors and is not the official position of the contributing federal government agencies. No official endorsement of any product or commercial laboratory is made or implied by its use in this study. NR 128 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1024 EP 1038 DI 10.1007/s00248-013-0178-3 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 134BD UT WOS:000318183800025 PM 23508733 ER PT J AU Plano, LRW Shibata, T Garza, AC Kish, J Fleisher, JM Sinigalliano, CD Gidley, ML Withum, K Elmir, SM Hower, S Jackson, CR Barrett, JB Cleary, T Davidson, M Davis, J Mukherjee, S Fleming, LE Solo-Gabriele, HM AF Plano, Lisa R. W. Shibata, Tomoyuki Garza, Anna C. Kish, Jonathan Fleisher, Jay M. Sinigalliano, Christopher D. Gidley, Maribeth L. Withum, Kelly Elmir, Samir M. Hower, Suzanne Jackson, Charlene R. Barrett, John B. Cleary, Timothy Davidson, Maureen Davis, Johnnie Mukherjee, Sampa Fleming, Lora E. Solo-Gabriele, Helena M. TI Human-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from a Subtropical Recreational Marine Beach SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; SKIN INFECTIONS; NASAL CARRIAGE; MULTIPLEX PCR; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; MICROBES; SURVIVAL; SEAWATER; WATERS AB Reports of Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) detected in marine environments have occurred since the early 1990s. This investigation sought to isolate and characterize S. aureus from marine waters and sand at a subtropical recreational beach, with and without bathers present, in order to investigate possible sources and to identify the risks to bathers of exposure to these organisms. During 40 days over 17 months, 1,001 water and 36 intertidal sand samples were collected by either bathers or investigators at a subtropical recreational beach. Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA were isolated and identified using selective growth media and an organism-specific molecular marker. Antimicrobial susceptibility, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern, multi-locus sequence type (MLST), and staphylococcal protein A (spa) type were characterized for all MRSA. S. aureus was isolated from 248 (37 %) bather nearby water samples at a concentration range of < 2-780 colony forming units per ml, 102 (31 %) ambient water samples at a concentration range of < 2-260 colony forming units per ml, and 9 (25 %) sand samples. Within the sand environment, S. aureus was isolated more often from above the intertidal zone than from intermittently wet or inundated sand. A total of 1334 MSSA were isolated from 37 sampling days and 22 MRSA were isolated from ten sampling days. Seventeen of the 22 MRSA were identified by PFGE as the community-associated MRSA USA300. MRSA isolates were all SCCmec type IVa, encompassed five spa types (t008, t064, t622, t688, and t723), two MLST types (ST8 and ST5), and 21 of 22 isolates carried the genes for Panton-Valentine leukocidin. There was a correlation (r = 0.45; p = 0.05) between the daily average number of bathers and S. aureus in the water; however, no association between exposure to S. aureus in these waters and reported illness was found. This report supports the concept that humans are a potential direct source for S. aureus in marine waters. C1 [Plano, Lisa R. W.; Garza, Anna C.; Hower, Suzanne] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Plano, Lisa R. W.; Garza, Anna C.; Hower, Suzanne; Cleary, Timothy] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Plano, Lisa R. W.; Shibata, Tomoyuki; Kish, Jonathan; Sinigalliano, Christopher D.; Gidley, Maribeth L.; Withum, Kelly; Elmir, Samir M.; Fleming, Lora E.; Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, NSF NIEHS Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Shibata, Tomoyuki; Sinigalliano, Christopher D.; Gidley, Maribeth L.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Shibata, Tomoyuki] No Illinois Univ, Publ Hlth Program, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Shibata, Tomoyuki] No Illinois Univ, Hlth Educ Program, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Kish, Jonathan; Fleming, Lora E.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Fleisher, Jay M.] Nova SE Univ, Coll Osteopath Med, Publ Hlth Program, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33328 USA. [Elmir, Samir M.] Miami Dade Cty Hlth Dept, Miami, FL 33056 USA. [Jackson, Charlene R.; Barrett, John B.] ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Cleary, Timothy] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Davidson, Maureen; Davis, Johnnie; Mukherjee, Sampa] US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Fleming, Lora E.] Peninsula Coll Med & Dent, European Ctr Environm & Human Hlth, Truro TR1 3HD, Cornwall, England. [Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.] Univ Miami, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Plano, LRW (reprint author), Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM lplano@miami.edu RI Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014; gidley, maribeth/B-8335-2014; OI Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X; gidley, maribeth/0000-0001-9583-8073; Fleisher, Jay/0000-0002-2553-2201 FU University of Miami through the Interdisciplinary Research Development Initiative; National Science Foundation (NSF); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Oceans and Human Health Center at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School [NSF 0CE0432368/0911373, NIEHS P50 ES12736]; NSF REU in Oceans and Human Health; NSF SGER in Oceans and Human Health [NSF SGER 0743987]; US EPA; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Florida Departments of Health and of Environmental Protection; European Union Convergence Programme FX The University of Miami provided financial support through the Interdisciplinary Research Development Initiative. This study was also supported in part by National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Oceans and Human Health Center at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School (NSF 0CE0432368/0911373 and NIEHS P50 ES12736] and NSF REU in Oceans and Human Health, the NSF SGER [NSF SGER 0743987] in Oceans and Human Health, the US EPA, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Florida Departments of Health and of Environmental Protection, and the European Union Convergence Programme (to ECEHH at PCMD, University of Exeter). NR 65 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1039 EP 1051 DI 10.1007/s00248-013-0216-1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 134BD UT WOS:000318183800026 PM 23553001 ER PT J AU Andrews, KR Perrin, WF Oremus, M Karczmarski, L Bowen, BW Puritz, JB Toonen, RJ AF Andrews, Kimberly R. Perrin, William F. Oremus, Marc Karczmarski, Leszek Bowen, Brian W. Puritz, Jonathan B. Toonen, Robert J. TI The evolving male: spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris) ecotypes are divergent at Y chromosome but not mtDNA or autosomal markers SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cetacea; Haldane's Rule; hybrid sterility; mating system; sexual selection; speciation ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; HYBRID MALE-STERILITY; SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL; NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTIONS; HAPLOTYPE RECONSTRUCTION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; DROSOPHILA-SANTOMEA; ADAPTIVE RADIATION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA AB The susceptibility of the Y chromosome to sexual selection may make this chromosome an important player in the formation of reproductive isolating barriers, and ultimately speciation. Here, we investigate the role of the Y chromosome in phenotypic divergence and reproductive isolation of spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris) ecotypes. This species contains six known ecotypes (grouped into four subspecies) that exhibit striking differences in morphology, habitat and mating system, despite having adjacent or overlapping ranges and little genetic divergence at previously studied mtDNA and autosomal markers. We examined the phylogeographic structure for all six ecotypes across the species range (n=261, 17 geographic locations) using DNA sequences from three Y chromosome markers, two maternally inherited mitochondrial (mtDNA) markers, and a biparentally inherited autosomal intron. mtDNA and autosomal analyses revealed low divergence (most phi ST values <0.1) between ecotypes and geographic regions, concordant with previous studies. In contrast, Y intron analyses revealed fixed differences amongst the three most phenotypically divergent groups: S.l.longirostris vs. S.l.roseiventris vs. combined S.l.orientalis/S.l.centroamericana/Tres Marias ecotypes). Another ecotype (whitebelly), previously postulated to be a hybrid between the two phenotypically most divergent ecotypes, had Y haplotypes from both putative parent ecotypes, supporting a hybrid designation. Reduced introgression of the Y chromosome has previously been observed in other organisms ranging from insects to terrestrial mammals, and here we demonstrate this phenomenon in a marine mammal with high dispersal capabilities. These results indicate that reduced introgression of the Y chromosome occurs in a wide taxonomic range of organisms and support the growing body of evidence that rapid evolution of the Y chromosome is important in evolutionary diversification. C1 [Andrews, Kimberly R.; Bowen, Brian W.; Puritz, Jonathan B.; Toonen, Robert J.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Perrin, William F.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Oremus, Marc] Operat Cetaces, Noumea 98800, New Caledonia. [Karczmarski, Leszek] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Swire Inst Marine Sci, Shek O, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Andrews, KR (reprint author), Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM kimandrews@gmail.com RI Puritz, Jonathan/C-9289-2011; OI Puritz, Jonathan/0000-0003-1404-4680; Toonen, Rob/0000-0001-6339-4340 FU National Science Foundation; National Geographic Society; Pacific Marine Life Foundation; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Anonymous Foundation; University of Hawai'i Sea Grant College Program; University of Hawai'i Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology Program; Algalita Foundation; Sea Vision Foundation; American Museum of Natural History; New Zealand Marsden Fund; Oceanic Society; HIMB-NWHI Coral Reef Research Partnership [NMSP MOA 2005-008/6882]; University of Hawai; National Science Foundation [OCE-0454873, EPS-0554657, OCE-0623678] FX We thank the following for assistance with genetics laboratory work, analysis and data interpretation: Roxanne Haverkort, Michelle Gaither, other members of the ToBo Lab, Fred Allendorf, Phil Morin, Tomo Eguchi, Barbara Taylor. For assistance in sample collection, we thank Bud Antonelis, Whitlow Au, Lisa Ballance, Robin Baird, Jason Baker, Scott Baker, Jay Barlow, Marie Chapla, Mark Deakos, Louella Dolar, Ania Driscoll-Lind, Chris and Cari Eggleston, Beth Flint, Tim Gerrodette, Annie Gorgone, Nancy Hoffman, Dave Johnston, Randall Kosaki, Danielle Kreb, Marc Lammers, Keith Larson, Amarisa Marie, Charles Moore, Jan Ostman-Lind, Robert Pitman, Michael Poole, Charley Potter, Susan Rickards, Rob Shallenberger, Dave Smith, Robert Smith, Russel Sparks, Jen Tietjen, Cynthia Vanderlip, Jeff Walters, Daniel Webster, Bernd Wursig, Chad Yoshinaga, Hawai'i Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry & Wildlife and Division of Aquatic Resources, U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument, Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary, NMFS Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NMFS Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Oceanic Society, the crew of the NOAA R/V Hiialakai and Texas Institute of Oceanography. Partial funding was provided by: National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program; National Geographic Society; Pacific Marine Life Foundation; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Anonymous Foundation; University of Hawai'i Sea Grant College Program; University of Hawai'i Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology Program; Algalita Foundation; Sea Vision Foundation; American Museum of Natural History; New Zealand Marsden Fund. Research at Midway Atoll was partially sponsored by the Oceanic Society. Most genetic analyses were conducted in the ToBo lab at the Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, which is supported by grants from the HIMB-NWHI Coral Reef Research Partnership (NMSP MOA 2005-008/6882), University of Hawai'i Sea Grant College Program, National Science Foundation (OCE-0454873 to B. W. B.; EPS-0554657 to University of Hawai'i; OCE-0623678 to R.J.T.). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF, NOAA, the State of Hawai'i or any of their sub-agencies. This is contribution # 1527 from the Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology and SOEST # 8782. NR 89 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 22 IS 9 BP 2408 EP 2423 DI 10.1111/mec.12193 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 133AZ UT WOS:000318111100008 PM 23551274 ER PT J AU Kim, H Bose, R Shen, TC Solomon, GS Waks, E AF Kim, Hyochul Bose, Ranojoy Shen, Thomas C. Solomon, Glenn S. Waks, Edo TI A quantum logic gate between a solid-state quantum bit and a photon SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID DOT; SEMICONDUCTOR; SYSTEM; SPIN; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSISTOR AB Integrated nanophotonic devices create strong light-matter interactions that are important for the development of solid-state quantum networks(1), distributed quantum computers(2) and ultralow-power optoelectronics(3,4). A key component for many of these applications is the photonic quantum logic gate, where the quantum state of a solid-state quantum bit (qubit) conditionally controls the state of a photonic qubit. These gates are crucial for the development of robust quantum networks(5-7), non-destructive quantum measurements(8,9) and strong photon-photon interactions(10). Here, we experimentally realize a quantum logic gate between an optical photon and a solid-state qubit. The qubit is composed of a quantum dot strongly coupled to a nanocavity, which acts as a coherently controllable qubit system that conditionally flips the polarization of a photon on picosecond timescales, implementing a controlled-NOT gate. Our results represent an important step towards solid-state quantum networks and provide a versatile approach for probing quantum dot-photon interactions on ultrafast timescales. C1 [Kim, Hyochul; Bose, Ranojoy; Shen, Thomas C.; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, IREAP, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.; Waks, Edo] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland, IREAP, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM edowaks@umd.edu OI Bose, Ranojoy/0000-0002-2908-4426 FU Army Research Office Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative [W911NF09104]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Defense Science Office [W31P4Q0910013]; Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute; Office of Naval Research Applied Electromagnetics Center; National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development [ECCS 0846494]; DARPA [N660011114121] FX The authors acknowledge support from the Army Research Office Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative on hybrid quantum interactions (grant no. W911NF09104), a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Defense Science Office grant (grant no. W31P4Q0910013), the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute, and the Office of Naval Research Applied Electromagnetics Center. E. W. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) award (grant no. ECCS 0846494) and a DARPA Young Faculty Award (grant no. N660011114121). NR 31 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 69 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD MAY PY 2013 VL 7 IS 5 BP 373 EP 377 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2013.48 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 133SR UT WOS:000318160700012 ER PT J AU Boyd, M AF Boyd, Matthew TI Analytical model for solar irradiance near a planar vertical diffuse reflector - Formulation, validation, and simulations SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Solar irradiance model; Diffuse reflector; Experimental validation; Annual simulation ID FLAT-PLATE COLLECTORS; ENERGY SIMULATION; RADIATION; SURFACES AB An analytical model is formulated for the irradiance on a surface (collector) with a rear (opposite the sun) planar vertical diffuse reflector, as is common for a lower roof on a multi-story building. The vast majority of research on solar reflectors has been for specular, or mirror, reflectors, with any diffuse reflections modeled about the specular reflection angle. This model is capable of calculating incident and reflected direct, diffuse, and ground-reflected radiation using components borrowed from the Hay, Davies, Klucher, Reindl (HDKR) irradiance model, and is easily implemented in any computation programming software capable of numeric integration. The model accounts for reflector edge effects and shading of diffuse and ground-reflected radiation by the reflector, but it does not account for shading of beam radiation by the reflector. The model shows good overall agreement with experimental tests, and is three percentage points more accurate than a standard radiation model for tilted surfaces. The model indicates that a planar vertical diffuse reflector increases the irradiance at high clearness indices and low reflector incidence angles, and decreases the irradiance otherwise. Increasing the reflector height and decreasing the collector pitch and distance between the collector and reflector increases the irradiance during clear periods, but decreases the irradiance, to a lesser absolute extent, during cloudy periods. Annual simulations show a gain in winter insolation and a loss in summer insolation for an average collector/reflector, with an increase in annual insolation for collectors near high albedo reflectors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Boyd, M (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matthew.boyd@nist.gov OI Boyd, Matthew/0000-0003-2705-3084 NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PD MAY PY 2013 VL 91 BP 79 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.solener.2013.01.015 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 133JW UT WOS:000318135700009 ER PT J AU Gopalswamy, N Makela, P Akiyama, S Xie, H Yashiro, S Reinard, AA AF Gopalswamy, N. Maekelae, P. Akiyama, S. Xie, H. Yashiro, S. Reinard, A. A. TI The Solar Connection of Enhanced Heavy Ion Charge States in the Interplanetary Medium: Implications for the Flux-Rope Structure of CMEs SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Coronal mass ejections; Flares; Flux rope; Magnetic cloud, charge state ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; II RADIO-BURSTS; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; FLARE; PLASMA; CLOUD; WIND AB We investigated a set of 54 interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) events whose solar sources are very close to the disk center (within +/- 15(a similar to) from the central meridian). The ICMEs consisted of 23 magnetic-cloud (MC) events and 31 non-MC events. Our analyses suggest that the MC and non-MC ICMEs have more or less the same eruption characteristics at the Sun in terms of soft X-ray flares and CMEs. Both types have significant enhancements in ion charge states, although the non-MC structures have slightly lower levels of enhancement. The overall duration of charge-state enhancement is also considerably smaller than that in MCs as derived from solar wind plasma and magnetic signatures. We find very good correlation between the Fe and O charge-state measurements and the flare properties such as soft X-ray flare intensity and flare temperature for both MCs and non-MCs. These observations suggest that both MC and non-MC ICMEs are likely to have a flux-rope structure and the unfavorable observational geometry may be responsible for the appearance of non-MC structures at 1 AU. We do not find any evidence for an active region expansion resulting in ICMEs lacking a flux-rope structure because the mechanism of producing high charge states and the flux-rope structure at the Sun is the same for MC and non-MC events. C1 [Gopalswamy, N.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Maekelae, P.; Akiyama, S.; Xie, H.; Yashiro, S.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Reinard, A. A.] NOAA Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM nat.gopalswamy@nasa.gov RI Reinard, Alysha/H-7808-2013 OI Reinard, Alysha/0000-0003-0304-2989 NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 284 IS 1 BP 17 EP 46 DI 10.1007/s11207-012-0215-2 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 133ZL UT WOS:000318179300003 ER PT J AU Gurarie, E Ovaskainen, O AF Gurarie, Eliezer Ovaskainen, Otso TI Towards a general formalization of encounter rates in ecology SO THEORETICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Encounter rates; Animal movement; Encounter kernel; Characteristic scales; Correlated velocity movement; Mean field perturbation ID ANIMAL MOVEMENT; RANDOM-WALK; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; MODELS; DISPERSAL; PREDATOR; DIFFUSION; SPACE; LANDSCAPES AB Although encounters between organisms are fundamental to many ecological processes, a general theory of encounters that accounts for random movements and probabilistic events has yet to be proposed. We present a framework for examining probabilistic encounters between arbitrarily moving searchers and immobile targets in continuous space and time. We define and contrast first encounter rates and mean encounter rates, which are generally not equal and depend on several properties of the process, including movement behaviors, the spatial scales of the encounter kernel, spatial distribution and birth-death dynamics of targets, and whether the encounters are destructive. Based on these considerations, we propose a taxonomy of encounter processes and discuss their functional relationships. Analytical approximations in several special cases are derived, leading to inference about general patterns. We identify, for example, cases (nondestructive, mean encounters) in which encounter rates are completely independent of movement velocity or tortuosity, and we quantify the dependence for cases (e.g., hard, first encounters and destructive encounters in a dynamic landscape) where there is a relationship. The analytical results lead to general qualitative conclusions, while the mathematical formalization and taxonomic organization provides a framework for studying and contrasting a broad range of encounter processes in ecology. C1 [Gurarie, Eliezer] Univ Washington, Dept Stat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gurarie, Eliezer] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ovaskainen, Otso] Univ Helsinki, Dept Biosci, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Gurarie, E (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Stat, Box 354322, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM eliezg@u.washington.edu; otso.ovaskainen@helsinki.fi RI Ovaskainen, Otso/D-9119-2012; OI Ovaskainen, Otso/0000-0001-9750-4421; Gurarie, Eliezer/0000-0002-8666-9674 FU Academy of Finland [129636]; European Research Council (ERC) [205905] FX We thank Jim Anderson and Finn Laidre for inspiring many of the ideas in this manuscript. Len Thomas, Tiago Splitter and two anonymous reviewers provided close readings and useful suggestions. O.O. was funded by the Academy of Finland (grant 129636) and the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant 205905). NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 47 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1874-1738 J9 THEOR ECOL-NETH JI Theor. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 6 IS 2 BP 189 EP 202 DI 10.1007/s12080-012-0170-4 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 131HE UT WOS:000317982700008 ER PT J AU Tiedeken, JA Ramsdell, JS AF Tiedeken, Jessica A. Ramsdell, John S. TI Persistent Neurological Damage Associated With Spontaneous Recurrent Seizures and Atypical Aggressive Behavior of Domoic Acid Epileptic Disease SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE domoic acid; seizure; epilepsy; piriform cortex; aggression; rat; sea lion ID TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; ANTERIOR OLFACTORY NUCLEUS; SEA LIONS; NEURONAL DEGENERATION; PIRIFORM CORTEX; RAT MODEL; NEUROTOXICITY; KAINATE; VASOPRESSIN AB The harmful alga Pseudo-nitzschia sp. is the cause of human amnesic shellfish poisoning and the stranding of thousands of sea lions with seizures as a hallmark symptom. A human case study and epidemiological report of hundreds of stranded sea lions found individuals presenting months after recovery with a neurological disease similar to temporal lobe epilepsy. A rat model developed to establish and better predict how epileptic disease results from domoic acid poisoning demonstrated that a single episode of status epilepticus (SE), after a latent period, leads to a progressive state of spontaneous recurrent seizure (SRS) and expression of atypical aggressive behaviors. Structural damage associated with domoic acid induced SE is prominent in olfactory pathways. Here, we examine structural damage in seven rats that progressed to epileptic disease. Diseased animals show progressive neuronal loss in the piriform cortex and degeneration of terminal fields in these layers and the posteromedial cortical amygdaloid nucleus. Animals that display aggressive behavior had additional neuronal damage to the anterior olfactory cortex. This study provides insight into the structural basis for the progression of domoic acid epileptic disease and relates to the California sea lion, where poisoned animals progress to a disease characterized by SRS and aggressive behaviors. C1 [Tiedeken, Jessica A.; Ramsdell, John S.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Bimol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 133 IS 1 BP 133 EP 143 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kft037 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 133LX UT WOS:000318141000013 PM 23457124 ER PT J AU Marques, TA Thomas, L Martin, SW Mellinger, DK Ward, JA Moretti, DJ Harris, D Tyack, PL AF Marques, Tiago A. Thomas, Len Martin, Stephen W. Mellinger, David K. Ward, Jessica A. Moretti, David J. Harris, Danielle Tyack, Peter L. TI Estimating animal population density using passive acoustics SO BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE acoustic surveys; bioacoustics; density estimation; distance sampling; passive acoustic monitoring; spatially explicit capture-recapture; fixed sensors; hydrophones ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; SPERM-WHALE ABUNDANCE; CALL SOURCE LEVELS; FINLESS PORPOISES; BEAKED-WHALES; INDIVIDUAL RECOGNITION; HYDROPHONE ARRAY; HALOBATRACHUS-DIDACTYLUS; VOCALIZATION PATTERNS AB Reliable estimation of the size or density of wild animal populations is very important for effective wildlife management, conservation and ecology. Currently, the most widely used methods for obtaining such estimates involve either sighting animals from transect lines or some form of capture-recapture on marked or uniquely identifiable individuals. However, many species are difficult to sight, and cannot be easily marked or recaptured. Some of these species produce readily identifiable sounds, providing an opportunity to use passive acoustic data to estimate animal density. In addition, even for species for which other visually based methods are feasible, passive acoustic methods offer the potential for greater detection ranges in some environments (e.g. underwater or in dense forest), and hence potentially better precision. Automated data collection means that surveys can take place at times and in places where it would be too expensive or dangerous to send human observers. Here, we present an overview of animal density estimation using passive acoustic data, a relatively new and fast-developing field. We review the types of data and methodological approaches currently available to researchers and we provide a framework for acoustics-based density estimation, illustrated with examples from real-world case studies. We mention moving sensor platforms (e.g. towed acoustics), but then focus on methods involving sensors at fixed locations, particularly hydrophones to survey marine mammals, as acoustic-based density estimation research to date has been concentrated in this area. Primary among these are methods based on distance sampling and spatially explicit capture-recapture. The methods are also applicable to other aquatic and terrestrial sound-producing taxa. We conclude that, despite being in its infancy, density estimation based on passive acoustic data likely will become an important method for surveying a number of diverse taxa, such as sea mammals, fish, birds, amphibians, and insects, especially in situations where inferences are required over long periods of time. There is considerable work ahead, with several potentially fruitful research areas, including the development of (i) hardware and software for data acquisition, (ii) efficient, calibrated, automated detection and classification systems, and (iii) statistical approaches optimized for this application. Further, survey design will need to be developed, and research is needed on the acoustic behaviour of target species. Fundamental research on vocalization rates and group sizes, and the relation between these and other factors such as season or behaviour state, is critical. Evaluation of the methods under known density scenarios will be important for empirically validating the approaches presented here. C1 [Marques, Tiago A.; Thomas, Len; Harris, Danielle] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, Buchanan Gardens KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Marques, Tiago A.] Univ Lisbon, Ctr Estat & Aplicacoes, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Martin, Stephen W.] Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Mellinger, David K.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Mellinger, David K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Ward, Jessica A.; Moretti, David J.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. RP Marques, TA (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, Buchanan Gardens KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. EM tiago@mcs.st-and.ac.uk RI Tyack, Peter/D-6209-2013; Marques, Tiago/A-5530-2010; OI Tyack, Peter/0000-0002-8409-4790; Marques, Tiago/0000-0002-2581-1972; Thomas, Len/0000-0002-7436-067X FU National Oceanographic Partnership Program; Joint Industry Program of the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers; US National Marine Fisheries Service; Fundacao Nacional para a Ciencia e Tecnologia, Portugal (FCT) [PEst OE/MAT/UI0006/2011]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-1-0606]; Naval Postgraduate School [N00244-11-1-0026]; UK Defence Science and Technology Laboratory FX The framework described here was the outcome of a 3-year project, Density Estimation for Cetaceans from passive Acoustic Fixed sensors (DECAF), sponsored by the National Oceanographic Partnership Program and funded jointly by the Joint Industry Program of the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers and the US National Marine Fisheries Service. We thank all DECAF members for many insightful discussions and contributions, particularly the project steering committee: Jay Barlow, Steve Buckland and Walter Zimmer. DECAF's project manager Catriona Harris provided very useful comments on the manuscript, as did Tom Norris. T. A. M. was partially sponsored by national funds through the Fundacao Nacional para a Ciencia e Tecnologia, Portugal (FCT) under the project PEst OE/MAT/UI0006/2011. DKM was also supported by Office of Naval Research grant N00014-11-1-0606 and Naval Postgraduate School grant N00244-11-1-0026. L.T. thanks John Hildebrand for initially piquing his interest in bioacoustics, and for spending many hours during his sabbatical in St Andrews trying to teach him something about it. D.H. was supported by the UK Defence Science and Technology Laboratory. This is PMEL contribution #3698. NR 174 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 20 U2 252 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1464-7931 J9 BIOL REV JI Biol. Rev. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 88 IS 2 BP 287 EP 309 DI 10.1111/brv.12001 PG 23 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 119AD UT WOS:000317067900003 PM 23190144 ER PT J AU Frischkorn, KR Stojanovski, A Paranjpye, R AF Frischkorn, Kyle R. Stojanovski, Asta Paranjpye, Rohinee TI Vibrio parahaemolyticus type IV pili mediate interactions with diatom-derived chitin and point to an unexplored mechanism of environmental persistence SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; BIOFILM FORMATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; WASHINGTON-STATE; COASTAL WATERS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; UNITED-STATES; CHOLERAE; VULNIFICUS; BACTERIA AB Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a naturally occurring bacterium common in coastal waters where it concentrates in shellfish through filter feeding. The bacterium is a human pathogen and the leading cause of seafood-borne gastroenteritis. Presently there is little information regarding mechanisms of environmental persistence of V.parahaemolyticus or an accurate early warning system for outbreak prediction. Vibrios have been shown to adhere to several substrates in the environment, including chitin, one of the most abundant polymers in the ocean. Diatoms are abundant in estuarine waters and some species produce chitin as a component of the silica cell wall or as extracellular fibrils. We examined the role of specific surface structures on the bacterium, the type IV pilins PilA and MshA, in adherence to diatom-derived chitin. Biofilm formation and adherence of V.parahaemolyticus to chitin is mediated by the ability of the bacterium to express functional type IV pili. The amount of adherence to diatom-derived chitin is controlled by increased chitin production that occurs in later stages of diatom growth. The data presented here suggest late-stage diatom blooms may harbour high concentrations of V.parahaemolyticus and could serve as the foundation for a more accurate early warning system for outbreaks of this human pathogen. C1 [Frischkorn, Kyle R.; Stojanovski, Asta; Paranjpye, Rohinee] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Paranjpye, R (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM rohinee.paranjpye@noaa.gov FU NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative FX Special thanks to Colleen Durkin for the discussions of ideas and suggestions during this study. Thanks to Micaela Parker, Dave Frischkorn, Kate Hubbard, Linda Rhodes, Ginger Armbrust and Mark Strom for helpful edits and experimental suggestions. Thanks also to Carla Stehr and Gladys Yanagida for the scanning electron microscopy, Brian Bill for help with phytoplankton cultures and Eric Stabb for the gfp plasmid. Funding for this project was provided by the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative. NR 57 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 15 IS 5 SI SI BP 1416 EP 1427 DI 10.1111/1462-2920.12093 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 132BD UT WOS:000318041800013 PM 23441888 ER PT J AU Aluri, GS Motayed, A Davydov, AV Oleshko, VP Bertness, KA Rao, MV AF Aluri, Geetha S. Motayed, Abhishek Davydov, Albert V. Oleshko, Vladimir P. Bertness, Kris A. Rao, Mulpuri V. TI Nitro-Aromatic Explosive Sensing Using GaN Nanowire-Titania Nanocluster Hybrids SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Explosives; functionalized nanostructures; GaN nanowires; nanoclusters; nanowire-nanoclusters; nitro-aromatics; photoconductivity sensors; trinitrotoluene (TNT) ID CARBON NANOTUBES; NANOSENSORS; SENSORS; TIO2 AB Globalization of terrorist attacks in recent years calls for advanced technologies to detect the concealed explosives effectively. We demonstrate a highly sensitive and selective detection of traces of nitro-aromatic explosive compounds by functionalizing gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires with titania (TiO2) nanoclusters to address this issue. The ultraviolet light photo-modulated GaN/TiO2 nanowire-nanocluster (NWNC) hybrids show remarkable selectivity to benzene and related aromatic compounds, with no measureable response for other analytes at room temperature. This paper presents the sensing characteristics of GaN/TiO2 NWNC hybrids towards the different aromatic and nitroaromatic compounds at room temperature. The GaN/TiO2 hybrids are able to detect trinitrotoluene (TNT) concentrations as low as 500 ppt in air and dinitrobenzene concentrations as low as 10 ppb in air in approximately 30 s. The noted sensitivity range of the devices for TNT is from 8 ppm down to as low as 500 ppt. The detection limit of dinitrotoluene, nitrobenzene, nitrotoluene, toluene and benzene in air is 100 ppb with a response time of similar to 75 s. The devices showed very sensitive and selective response to TNT when compared to interfering compounds like toluene with good reproducibility. Integration of different NWNC hybrids on the same substrate could lead to tiny, highly sensitive, selective, low-power and smart explosive detectors that could be manufactured cheaply in large numbers. C1 [Aluri, Geetha S.; Rao, Mulpuri V.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Aluri, Geetha S.; Rao, Mulpuri V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Motayed, Abhishek] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Motayed, Abhishek; Davydov, Albert V.; Oleshko, Vladimir P.] NIST, Mat Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bertness, Kris A.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Aluri, GS (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM galuri@gmu.edu; abhishek.motayed@nist.gov; davydov@nist.gov; vladimir.oleshko@nist.gov; bertness@boulder.nist.gov; rmulpuri@gmu.edu RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Oleshko, Vladimir/A-6250-2014 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; Oleshko, Vladimir/0000-0003-0538-2354 FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-0901712]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Basic Research [HDTRA1-10-1-0107] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant ECCS-0901712, and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Basic Research under Award HDTRA1-10-1-0107, to the University of Maryland. The associate editor coordinating the review of this paper and approving it for publication was Prof. Istvan Barsony. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 55 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X EI 1558-1748 J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 13 IS 5 BP 1883 EP 1888 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2013.2241423 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 128QH UT WOS:000317783400006 ER PT J AU Brubaker, MD Blanchard, PT Schlager, JB Sanders, AW Herrero, AM Roshko, A Duff, SM Harvey, TE Bright, VM Sanford, NA Bertness, KA AF Brubaker, Matt D. Blanchard, Paul T. Schlager, John B. Sanders, Aric W. Herrero, Andrew M. Roshko, Alexana Duff, Shannon M. Harvey, Todd E. Bright, Victor M. Sanford, Norman A. Bertness, Kris A. TI Toward Discrete Axial p-n Junction Nanowire Light-Emitting Diodes Grown by Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Gallium nitride; nanowires; light-emitting diodes; molecular beam epitaxy ID GAN; MODEL; MG AB In this paper we investigate axial p-n junction GaN nanowires grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), with particular attention to the effect of Mg doping on the device characteristics of individual nanowire light-emitting diodes (LEDs). We observe that a significant fraction of single-nanowire LEDs produce measurable band-gap electroluminescence when a thin AlGaN electron blocking layer (EBL) is incorporated into the device structure near the junction. Similar devices with no EBL typically yield below-detection-limit electroluminescence, despite diode-like I-V characteristics and optically measured internal quantum efficiencies (IQEs) of similar to 1%. I-V measurements of the p-regions in p-n junction nanowires, as well as nanowires doped with Mg only, indicate low p-type conductivity and asymmetric Schottky-like p-contacts. These observations suggest that imbalanced carrier injection from the junction and p-contact can produce significant nonradiative losses. C1 [Brubaker, Matt D.; Blanchard, Paul T.; Schlager, John B.; Sanders, Aric W.; Herrero, Andrew M.; Roshko, Alexana; Duff, Shannon M.; Harvey, Todd E.; Sanford, Norman A.; Bertness, Kris A.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brubaker, Matt D.; Bright, Victor M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Brubaker, MD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM matthew.brubaker@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); DARPA Center on Nanoscale Science and Technology for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical Transducers (iMINT); DARPA N/MEMS S&T Fundamentals Program, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific (SPAWAR) [N66001-10-1-4007] FX Financial support for this research was provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Partial support was provided by the DARPA Center on Nanoscale Science and Technology for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical Transducers (iMINT) and the DARPA N/MEMS S&T Fundamentals Program under Grant No. N66001-10-1-4007 issued by the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific (SPAWAR). NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 42 IS 5 BP 868 EP 874 DI 10.1007/s11664-013-2498-y PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 131JD UT WOS:000317988300016 ER PT J AU Noren, DP Holt, MM Dunkin, RC Williams, TM AF Noren, Dawn P. Holt, Marla M. Dunkin, Robin C. Williams, Terrie M. TI The metabolic cost of communicative sound production in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE marine mammal; metabolic cost; metabolism; oxygen consumption; whistle ID ENERGETIC COST; SIGNATURE WHISTLES; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; ECHOLOCATION; EXPENDITURE; BEHAVIOR; CALLS; SONG; VO2 AB Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) produce various communicative sounds that are important for social behavior, maintaining group cohesion and coordinating foraging. For example, whistle production increases during disturbances, such as separations of mother-calf pairs and vessel approaches. It is clear that acoustic communication is important to the survival of these marine mammals, yet the metabolic cost of producing whistles and other socials sounds and the energetic consequences of modifying these sounds in response to both natural and anthropogenic disturbance are unknown. We used flow-through respirometry to determine whether the metabolic cost of sound production could be quantified in two captive dolphins producing social sounds (whistles and squawks). On average, we found that metabolic rates measured during 2. min periods of sound production were 1.2 times resting values. Up to 7 min were required for metabolism to return to resting values following vocal periods. The total metabolic cost (over resting values) of the 2. min vocal period plus the required recovery period (163.3 to 2995.9 ml O-2 or 3279.6 to 60,166.7 J) varied by individual as well as by mean duration of sounds produced within the vocal period. Observed variation in received cumulative sound energy levels of vocalizations was not related to total metabolic costs. Furthermore, our empirical findings did not agree with previous theoretical estimates of the metabolic cost of whistles. This study provides the first empirical data on the metabolic cost of sound production in dolphins, which can be used to estimate metabolic costs of vocal responses to environmental perturbations in wild dolphins. C1 [Noren, Dawn P.; Holt, Marla M.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Dunkin, Robin C.; Williams, Terrie M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Noren, DP (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM dawn.noren@noaa.gov FU Office of Naval Research [N0001410IP20067, N0001411IP20017, N000141110341] FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research [N0001410IP20067 and N0001411IP20017 to D.P.N. and M.M.H., N000141110341 to T.M.W.]. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 81 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 216 IS 9 BP 1624 EP 1629 DI 10.1242/jeb.083212 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 127TW UT WOS:000317722700021 PM 23393280 ER PT J AU Haupt, AJ Michel, F Palumbi, SR AF Haupt, Alison J. Michel, Fiorenza Palumbi, Stephen R. TI Dispersal at a Snail's Pace: Historical Processes Affect Contemporary Genetic Structure in the Exploited Wavy Top Snail (Megastraea undosa) SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE fisheries; larval dispersal; management; phylogeography; population genetics; range expansion ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA SEQUENCES; ROCKY INTERTIDAL COMMUNITY; LARVAL DISPERSAL; RANGE EXPANSION; ICE AGES; POPULATION CONNECTIVITY; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; MARINE POPULATIONS; SELF-RECRUITMENT; PATTERNS AB We used population genetics to assess historical and modern demography of the exploited wavy top snail, Megastraea undosa, which has a 5-10 day pelagic larval duration. Foot tissue was sampled from an average of 51 individuals at 17 sites across the range of M. undosa. Genetic structure at the mtDNA locus is strikingly high (Phi(ST) of 0.19 across 1000 km), and a major cline occurs in northern Baja California (Phi(CT) per of 0.29 between northern and southern populations). Genetic data indicate that the northern region is highly connected through larval dispersal, whereas the southern region exhibits low genetic structure. However, additional analyses based on patterns of haplotype diversity and relationships among haplotypes indicate that M undosa has likely recently expanded into the Southern California Bight or expanded from a small refugial population, and analysis using isolation by distance to calculate dispersal distance indicates surprisingly short estimates of dispersal from 30 m to 3 km. This scenario of a northward expansion and limited larval dispersal is supported by coalescent-based simulations of genetic data. The different patterns of genetic variation between northern and southern populations are likely artifacts of evolutionary history rather than differences in larval dispersal and this may have applications to management of this species. Specifically, these data can help to inform the scale at which this species should be managed, and given the potentially very small dispersal distances, this species should be managed at local scales. Consideration of the evolutionary history of target species allows for a more accurate interpretation of genetic data for management. C1 [Haupt, Alison J.; Michel, Fiorenza; Palumbi, Stephen R.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Haupt, Alison J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Haupt, AJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, 100 Oceanview Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM ajhaupt@gmail.com RI Munguia-Vega, Adrian/G-8417-2012 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0410439]; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship awarded to A.J.H.; NSF Biocomplexity in the Environment Grant OCE-0410439. Partnership for the Interdisciplinary Study of Coastal Oceans sponsored by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. NR 102 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 33 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 EI 1465-7333 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY-JUN PY 2013 VL 104 IS 3 BP 327 EP 340 DI 10.1093/jhered/est002 PG 14 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 130BK UT WOS:000317887500003 PM 23450089 ER PT J AU Kim, YS Dagalakis, NG Gupta, SK AF Kim, Yong-Sik Dagalakis, Nicholas G. Gupta, Satyandra K. TI Creating large out-of-plane displacement electrothermal motion stage by incorporating beams with step features SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID THERMAL ACTUATOR; DESIGN; MICROACTUATORS AB Realizing out-of-plane actuation in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) is still a challenging task. In this paper, the design, fabrication methods and experimental results for a MEMS-based out-of-plane motion stage are presented based on bulk micromachining technologies. This stage is electrothermally actuated for out-of-plane motion by incorporating beams with step features. The fabricated motion stage has demonstrated displacements of 85 mu m with 0.4 mu m (mA)(-1) rates and generated up to 11.8 mN forces with stiffness of 138.8 N m(-1). These properties obtained from the presented stage are comparable to those for in-plane motion stages, therefore making this out-of-plane stage useful when used in combination with in-plane motion stages. C1 [Kim, Yong-Sik; Dagalakis, Nicholas G.] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Yong-Sik; Gupta, Satyandra K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kim, Yong-Sik; Gupta, Satyandra K.] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kim, YS (reprint author), NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mk37do@gmail.com FU Next Generation Robotics and Automation program of the Intelligent Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA FX The authors would like to thank Dr Seung-Ho Yang for his valuable review and Dr Richard Gates for an out-of-plane resonant frequency measurement experiment. This research was performed in part in the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology Nano Fabrication Clean Room. This work was supported by the Next Generation Robotics and Automation program of the Intelligent Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 20 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 EI 1361-6439 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 23 IS 5 AR 055008 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/23/5/055008 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 128AA UT WOS:000317739100008 ER PT J AU Ishimura, G Herrick, S Sumaila, UR AF Ishimura, Gakushi Herrick, Samuel Sumaila, Ussif Rashid TI Stability of cooperative management of the Pacific sardine fishery under climate variability SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Climate variability; Transboundary fish and fishery; Cooperative management ID POPULATIONS; CALIFORNIA; SAGAX; EXTERNALITIES; MODELS; SHIFTS; GAMES AB Asymmetry in transboundary fish stock distribution caused by climate variability can make the stability of cooperative management challenging. Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax), which exhibits extreme decadal variability in abundance and geographic distribution corresponding to water temperature regime shifts within the California Current Ecosystem, is expected to face such issues. Pacific sardine is a transboundary resource targeted by Mexican, U.S. and Canadian fisheries. Our study applies a three-agent game theoretic model that incorporates environmental effects on Pacific sardine abundance and biomass distribution. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the stability of full and partial cooperative management of the Pacific sardine fishery, under seven different climate variability scenarios. Our results show that ocean climate variability could motivate the formation of stable cooperative management outcomes for the Pacific sardine fisheries operated by Canada, the U.S. and Mexico. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ishimura, Gakushi] Hokkaido Univ, Ctr Sustainabil Sci, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600809, Japan. [Herrick, Samuel] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Sumaila, Ussif Rashid] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, AERL, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Ishimura, G (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Ctr Sustainabil Sci, Kita Ku, Kita 9 Nishi 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600809, Japan. EM gakugaku@census.hokudai.ac.jp; sam.herrick@noaa.gov; r.sumaila@fisheries.ubc.ca NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 39 BP 333 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2012.12.008 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 124ID UT WOS:000317456100039 ER PT J AU Bai, XZ Wang, J Schwab, DJ Yang, Y Luo, L Leshkevich, GA Liu, SZ AF Bai, Xuezhi Wang, Jia Schwab, David J. Yang, Yi Luo, Lin Leshkevich, George A. Liu, Songzhi TI Modeling 1993-2008 climatology of seasonal general circulation and thermal structure in the Great Lakes using FVCOM SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; General circulation; Thermal structure; Modeling; FVCOM ID OCEAN SURFACE-LAYER; WINTER CIRCULATION; WATER TEMPERATURE; KEWEENAW CURRENT; WIND-DRIVEN; ONTARIO; MICHIGAN; ERIE; SUPERIOR; SIMULATION AB An unstructured Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model was applied to all five Great Lakes simultaneously to simulate circulation and thermal structure from 1993 to 2008. Model results are compared to available observations of currents and temperature and previous modeling work. Maps of climatological circulation for all five Great lakes are presented. Winter currents show a two-gyre type circulation in Lakes Ontario and Erie and one large-scale cyclonic circulation in Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Superior. During the summer, a cyclonic circulation remains in Lakes Superior; a primarily cyclonic circulation dominates upper and central Lake Huron; Lake Ontario has a single cyclonic circulation, while circulation in the central basin of Lake Erie remains two-gyre type; Lake Michigan has a cyclonic gyre in the north and an anticyclonic one in the south. The temperature profile during the summer is well simulated when a surface wind-wave mixing scheme is included in the model. Main features of the seasonal evolution of water temperature, such as inverse temperature stratification during the winter, the spring and autumn overturn, the thermal bar, and the stratification during summer are well reproduced. The lakes exhibit significant annual and interannual variations in current speed and temperature. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bai, Xuezhi; Yang, Yi; Luo, Lin; Liu, Songzhi] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Wang, Jia; Schwab, David J.; Leshkevich, George A.] NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Yang, Yi] Hainan Marine Dev Plan & Design Inst, Haikou, Hainan, Peoples R China. RP Bai, XZ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM xuezhi.bai@noaa.gov OI Wang, Jia/0000-0003-4154-9721 FU National Research Council Research association Fellowship; NOAA GLERL; EPA/NOAA Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX NARR Reanalysis data was provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/. This study was supported by grants from National Research Council Research association Fellowship and NOAA GLERL and EPA/NOAA Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. We thank Dr. Dmitry Beletsky for his valuable suggestions. We appreciate Cathy Darnell for her editorial assistance. We thank two anonymous reviewers for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This is GLERL Contribution No. 1649. NR 71 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 65 BP 40 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2013.02.003 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 125VR UT WOS:000317570200004 ER PT J AU Gronewold, AD Stow, CA Vijayavel, K Moynihan, MA Kashian, DR AF Gronewold, Andrew D. Stow, Craig A. Vijayavel, Kannappan Moynihan, Molly A. Kashian, Donna R. TI Differentiating Enterococcus concentration spatial, temporal, and analytical variability in recreational waters SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Water quality assessment; Fecal contamination; Bayesian; Uncertainty; MPN; CFU ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS; FECAL-COLIFORM; GREAT-LAKES; BACTERIA; UNCERTAINTY; DENSITY; ENUMERATION; ENTEROLERT AB Monitoring recreational waters for fecal contamination is an important responsibility of water resource management agencies throughout the world, yet fecal indicator bacteria (FIB)-based recreational water quality assessments rarely distinguish between analytical, spatial, and temporal variability. To address this gap in water resources research and management protocol, we compare two methods for quantifying FIB concentration variability at a frequently-used beach on Lake Huron (Michigan, USA). The first method calculates differences between most probable number (MPN) and colony-forming unit (CPU) values derived from conventional analysis procedures. The second method uses the "raw data" from these analysis procedures in a Bayesian hierarchical model to explicitly acknowledge analytical variability and subsequently infer the relative significance of the effect of sampling location and time on in situ FIB concentrations. Results of the Bayesian analysis indicate that in situ FIB concentrations do not vary significantly over small spatial and temporal scales, and that observed differences in MPN and CPU values over these same spatial and temporal scales are due almost entirely to intrinsic variability introduced by laboratory analysis procedures. Our findings underscore potential opportunities for incorporating Bayesian statistical models directly into routine recreational water quality assessments and for advancing the state of the art in methods for protecting humans from waterborne disease. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gronewold, Andrew D.; Stow, Craig A.; Kashian, Donna R.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Vijayavel, Kannappan] Ottawa Cty Hlth Dept, Holland, MI 49424 USA. [Vijayavel, Kannappan; Kashian, Donna R.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Moynihan, Molly A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Gronewold, AD (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM drew.gronewold@noaa.gov OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855; Gronewold, Andrew/0000-0002-3576-2529 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative through NOAA's Center of Excellence for Great Lakes and Human Health; NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research; NOAA's Hollings scholarship program; Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University FX This study was partially funded by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (administered by the USEPA) through NOAA's Center of Excellence for Great Lakes and Human Health and by NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research. Molly Moynihan was supported by NOAA's Hollings scholarship program. Additional funding was provided by the Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University. The authors thank James Crooks, Alicia Ritzenthaler, YoonKyung Cha, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful technical comments, and Cathy Darnell for providing graphical and editorial support. This paper is GLERL contribution number 1648. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 40 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 7 BP 2141 EP 2152 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.030 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 127LG UT WOS:000317699900004 PM 23452911 ER PT J AU Goodman, SJ Blakeslee, RJ Koshak, WJ Mach, D Bailey, J Buechler, D Carey, L Schultz, C Bateman, M McCaul, E Stano, G AF Goodman, Steven J. Blakeslee, Richard J. Koshak, William J. Mach, Douglas Bailey, Jeffrey Buechler, Dennis Carey, Larry Schultz, Chris Bateman, Monte McCaul, Eugene, Jr. Stano, Geoffrey TI The GOES-R Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lightning; Thunderstorms; Satellite meteorology; Nowcasting ID DATA ASSIMILATION TECHNIQUE; WRF-ARW MODEL; TROPICAL CYCLONE; FORECAST MODELS; SEVERE WEATHER; UNITED-STATES; WINTER STORM; IMAGER DATA; CLOUD; THUNDERSTORMS AB The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R-series (GOES-R) is the next block of four satellites to follow the existing GOES constellation currently operating over the Western Hemisphere. Advanced spacecraft and instrument technology will support expanded detection of environmental phenomena, resulting in more timely and accurate forecasts and warnings. Advancements over current GOES capabilities include a new capability for total lightning detection (cloud and cloud-to-ground flashes) from the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM), and improved cloud and moisture imagery with the 16-channel Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI). The GLM will map total lightning activity continuously day and night with near-uniform storm-scale spatial resolution of 8 km with a product refresh rate of less than 20 s over the Americas and adjacent oceanic regions in the western hemisphere. This will aid in forecasting severe storms and tornado activity, and convective weather impacts on aviation safety and efficiency. In parallel with the instrument development an Algorithm Working Group (AWG) Lightning Detection Science and Applications Team developed the Level 2 (stroke and flash) algorithms from the Level 1 lightning event (pixel level) data. Proxy data sets used to develop the GLM operational algorithms as well as cal/val performance monitoring tools were derived from the NASA Lightning Imaging Sensor (US) and Optical Transient Detector (OTD) instruments in low Earth orbit, and from ground-based lightning networks and intensive prelaunch field campaigns. The GLM will produce the same or similar lightning flash attributes provided by the LIS and OTD, and thus extend their combined climatology over the western hemisphere into the coming decades. Science and application development along with preoperational product demonstrations and evaluations at NWS forecast offices and NOAA testbeds will prepare the forecasters to use GLM as soon as possible after the planned launch and checkout of GOES-R in late 2015. New applications will use GLM alone, in combination with the ABI, or integrated (fused) with other available tools (weather radar and ground strike networks, nowcasting systems, mesoscale analysis, and numerical weather prediction models) in the hands of the forecaster responsible for issuing more timely and accurate forecasts and warnings. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Goodman, Steven J.] NOAA, NESDIS GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Blakeslee, Richard J.; Koshak, William J.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Mach, Douglas; Bailey, Jeffrey; Buechler, Dennis; Carey, Larry; Schultz, Chris] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Bateman, Monte; McCaul, Eugene, Jr.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Stano, Geoffrey] ENSCO Inc, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Goodman, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM steven.j.goodman@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 125 BP 34 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.01.006 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 127PN UT WOS:000317711000004 ER PT J AU Belter, CW AF Belter, Chris W. TI A bibliometric analysis of NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration and Research SO SCIENTOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Citation analysis; Bibliometric mapping; Research funding; Research evaluation; Science policy ID COMPLEX NETWORKS; IMPACT; SCIENCE; CITATION; GRANTS; FOUNDATION; SOCIETY; PRODUCTIVITY; TECHNOLOGY; COCITATION AB Bibliometric analysis techniques are increasingly being used to analyze and evaluate scientific research produced by institutions and grant funding agencies. This article uses bibliometric methods to analyze journal articles funded by NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (OER), an extramural grant-funding agency focused on the scientific exploration of the world's oceans. OER-supported articles in this analysis were identified through grant reports, personal communication, and acknowledgement of OER support or grant numbers. The articles identified were analyzed to determine the number of publications and citations received per year, subject, and institution. The productivity and citation impact of institutions in the US receiving OER grant funding were mapped geographically. Word co-occurrence and bibliographic coupling networks were created and visualized to identify the research topics of OER-supported articles. Finally, article citation counts were evaluated by means of percentile ranks. This article demonstrates that bibliometric analysis can be useful for summarizing and evaluating the research performance of a grant funding agency. C1 NOAA, LAC Grp, Cent Lib, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Belter, CW (reprint author), NOAA, LAC Grp, Cent Lib, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM chris.belter@noaa.gov RI Belter, Christopher/L-6487-2013 OI Belter, Christopher/0000-0001-5221-6880 FU NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research; Information Management Team at NOAA's National Oceanographic Data Center FX I thank Mary Lou Cumberpatch for beginning the process of identifying OER publications and for setting up the initial database that I worked from. I also thank Joycelyn Carandang for identifying additional articles used in this analysis. Stanley Elswick, Albert "Skip" Theberge, Ken Casey, Tim Boyer, and Mashkoor Malik provided valuable suggestions to improve the manuscript. This work was supported by funding from the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research to the OER Data and Information Management Team at NOAA's National Oceanographic Data Center. Use of products or software in this analysis does not imply endorsement by NOAA or the US Government. Opinions and suggestions contained in this article are solely mine and do not necessarily reflect those of NOAA, the Department of Commerce, or the US Government. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 71 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0138-9130 J9 SCIENTOMETRICS JI Scientometrics PD MAY PY 2013 VL 95 IS 2 BP 629 EP 644 DI 10.1007/s11192-012-0836-0 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 128CT UT WOS:000317746900009 ER PT J AU Wong, KKF Harris, JL AF Wong, Kevin K. F. Harris, John L. TI Seismic fragility and cost analyses of actively controlled structures SO STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF TALL AND SPECIAL BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE force analogy method; state space method; optimal linear control; plastic energy; drift ratio; plastic strain ID QUINCY BAYVIEW BRIDGE; REINFORCED-CONCRETE; STEEL FRAMES; BUILDINGS; SYSTEMS; DESIGN; ILLINOIS; CURVES; MODEL; USA AB Seismic fragility represents the probability that structural response exceeds a given performance limit state due to a specified intensity of ground motion, and it has a direct relationship with the cost of rehabilitating the structural system. In this research, a cost analysis framework based on seismic fragility to quantify the expected loss of the structural system was proposed. Incremental dynamic analysis was used to generate the fragility curves, and plastic strain derived from plastic energy dissipation was used to quantify the structural damage at a local level. Two moment-resisting steel frames and 100 nonstationary Gaussian earthquake ground motions were simulated, and correlations between local damage states and global performance limit states were performed to facilitate the cost analysis study. The results showed that good correlations exist in seismic fragilities, and therefore, the repair cost of the structural system becomes quantifiable. Active control based on the optimal linear control algorithm was included as an auxiliary study to identify the sensitivity of the correlations. It is observed that significant cost reduction can be achieved for structures with few stories when active control is used but may not be cost-effective if it is installed in taller structures. Published 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Wong, Kevin K. F.; Harris, John L.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wong, KKF (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Bldg 226,Room B-250, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kfwong@nist.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1541-7794 J9 STRUCT DES TALL SPEC JI Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 22 IS 7 BP 569 EP 583 DI 10.1002/tal.705 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 127IF UT WOS:000317691000003 ER PT J AU Jenkins, GS Robjhon, ML Demoz, B Stockwell, WR Ndiaye, SA Drame, MS Gueye, M Smith, JW Luna-Cruz, Y Clark, J Holt, J Paulin, C Brickhouse, A Williams, A Abdullah, A Reyes, A Mendes, L Valentine, A Camara, M AF Jenkins, Gregory S. Robjhon, Miliaritiana L. Demoz, Belay Stockwell, William R. Ndiaye, Seydi A. Drame, Mamadou S. Gueye, Moussa Smith, Jonathan W. Luna-Cruz, Yaitza Clark, Johnathan Holt, Jalisa Paulin, Casey Brickhouse, Ashley Williams, Aneese Abdullah, Ajamu Reyes, Ashford Mendes, Luis Valentine, Adriel Camara, Moctar TI Multi-site tropospheric ozone measurements across the North Tropical Atlantic during the summer of 2010 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Saharan air layer; Dust; African Easterly Waves; Lightning; Tropics ID MONSOON MULTIDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS; SAHARAN DUST PLUME; WEST-AFRICA; EASTERLY WAVES; AEROSOL CHARACTERIZATION; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; AMMA; TRANSPORT; OCEAN; WET AB Ozone soundings are launched during two Intensive Observing Periods (IOPs) from Dakar, Senegal; Sao Vicente, Cape Verde; and St James, Barbados to investigate ozone variability across the North Tropical Atlantic during June/July and August/September 2010. Two objectives of the campaign are to compare background tropospheric ozone mixing ratios and its variability associated with the Saharan Air Layer (SAL) and African Easterly Waves (AEWs) at sites located in the Eastern and Western Tropical Atlantic Ocean. During IOP1 (June-July), reduced ozone mixing ratios are found in the SAL with elevated ozone levels at the SAL's base and above it. During IOP I, the tropospheric column ozone (TCO) is higher at Cape Verde (27.5 DU) when compared to Barbados (19.8 DU). During IOP II (August-September) ozone-rich air is found above 500 hPa prior to the passage of AEW or developing tropical cyclones. The observed larger mixing ratios of middle/upper tropospheric ozone are most prominent at Dakar prior to the passage of an AEW, which we attribute to lightning NOx. During IOP II the tropospheric column ozone is highest at Dakar (30.5 DU) when compared to Cape Verde (20.2 DU) and Barbados (17.2 DU). (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jenkins, Gregory S.; Demoz, Belay; Stockwell, William R.; Smith, Jonathan W.; Luna-Cruz, Yaitza; Clark, Johnathan; Holt, Jalisa; Paulin, Casey; Brickhouse, Ashley; Williams, Aneese; Abdullah, Ajamu] Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Robjhon, Miliaritiana L.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Ndiaye, Seydi A.; Drame, Mamadou S.; Gueye, Moussa] Cheikh Anta Diop Univ, Lab Atmospher Phys & Ocean, Dakar, Senegal. [Camara, Moctar] Univ Ziguinchor, Ziguinchor, Senegal. RP Jenkins, GS (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 2355 6th St, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM gjenkins@howard.edu RI sebastianovitsch, stepan/G-8507-2013; Demoz, Belay/N-4130-2014; OI Stockwell, William/0000-0002-7509-6575 FU Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory; Howard University; Cheikh Anta Diop University; University of Ziguinchor; Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e Geofisica; Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology; National Science Foundation [1013179] FX We acknowledge the mission scientists and Principal Investigators from the NASA GES DISC, who provided the GIOVANNI data used in this research effort. We thank Didier Tanre, the Principal Investigator of the "Capo Verde" and "Dakar" sites for the availability of the AERONET data. We also thank the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Coloradofor providing with the interpolated OLR data. We also thank the sponsors of the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory. This work was supported by Howard University, Cheikh Anta Diop University, University of Ziguinchor, Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e Geofisica, Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, and the National Science Foundation under the Grant number AGS# 1013179. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 70 BP 131 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.12.019 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120GK UT WOS:000317158600014 ER PT J AU Schuh, AE Lauvaux, T West, TO Denning, AS Davis, KJ Miles, N Richardson, S Uliasz, M Lokupitiya, E Cooley, D Andrews, A Ogle, S AF Schuh, Andrew E. Lauvaux, Thomas West, Tristram O. Denning, A. Scott Davis, Kenneth J. Miles, Natasha Richardson, Scott Uliasz, Marek Lokupitiya, Erandathie Cooley, Daniel Andrews, Arlyn Ogle, Stephen TI Evaluating atmospheric CO2 inversions at multiple scales over a highly inventoried agricultural landscape SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; atmospheric inversions; carbon cycle; CO2 emissions; inventory; Mid-Continent Intensive ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; DATA ASSIMILATION; MESOSCALE INVERSIONS; THEORETICAL ASPECTS; MODELING SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; TRANSPORT; SURFACE; SINKS; CYCLE AB An intensive regional research campaign was conducted by the North American Carbon Program (NACP) in 2007 to study the carbon cycle of the highly productive agricultural regions of the Midwestern United States. Forty-five different associated projects were conducted across five US agencies over the course of nearly a decade involving hundreds of researchers. One of the primary objectives of the intensive campaign was to investigate the ability of atmospheric inversion techniques to use highly calibrated CO2 mixing ratio data to estimate CO2 flux over the major croplands of the United States by comparing the results to an inventory of CO2 fluxes. Statistics from densely monitored crop production, consisting primarily of corn and soybeans, provided the backbone of a well studied bottom-up inventory flux estimate that was used to evaluate the atmospheric inversion results. Estimates were compared to the inventory from three different inversion systems, representing spatial scales varying from high resolution mesoscale (PSU), to continental (CSU) and global (CarbonTracker), coupled to different transport models and optimization techniques. The inversion-based mean CO2-C sink estimates were generally slightly larger, 820% for PSU, 1020% for CSU, and 21% for CarbonTracker, but statistically indistinguishable, from the inventory estimate of 135 TgC. While the comparisons show that the MCI region-wide C sink is robust across inversion system and spatial scale, only the continental and mesoscale inversions were able to reproduce the spatial patterns within the region. In general, the results demonstrate that inversions can recover CO2 fluxes at sub-regional scales with a relatively high density of CO2 observations and adequate information on atmospheric transport in the region. C1 [Schuh, Andrew E.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schuh, Andrew E.; Ogle, Stephen] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resources Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lauvaux, Thomas; Davis, Kenneth J.; Miles, Natasha; Richardson, Scott] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [West, Tristram O.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA. [Denning, A. Scott; Uliasz, Marek] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lokupitiya, Erandathie] Univ Colombo, Dept Zool, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka. [Cooley, Daniel] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Andrews, Arlyn] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Schuh, AE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM aschuh@atmos.colostate.edu RI West, Tristram/C-5699-2013; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; OI West, Tristram/0000-0001-7859-0125; Lauvaux, Thomas/0000-0002-7697-742X; Ogle, Stephen/0000-0003-1899-7446 FU Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX Andrew Schuh and Thomas Lauvaux performed the biospheric model runs, atmospheric transport runs, and new atmospheric inversions included in this manuscript. Tristram West and Stephen Ogle provided most of the inventory data used for the 'bottom up' portion of the comparison with the exception of fossil fuel inventory data for the MCI region, which was provided by Kevin Gurney (Arizona State) and FIA data provided by Linda Heath and James Smith (US Forest Service). Natasha Miles and Scott Richardson instrumented, maintained and analyzed the PSU 'Ring of towers' CO2 data for the MCI campaign (and the Missouri Ozarks tower) while Arlyn Andrews did the same for the WBI and WLEF towers within the MCI domain, in addition to the remainder of NOAA's tall tower sites across the US. Marek Uliasz provided assistance with the LPDM model used by both the PSU and CSU inversions. Dan Cooley provided advice and discussion on inversions and state-space modeling. Scott Denning provided the majority of the introduction including the historical context. Ken Davis and Stephen Ogle helped initiate the original campaign, provided many useful comments on manuscript and provided overall guidance to the project. The authors would like to thank a great many people who were involved with this project as well as generous support from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA #NNX08AK08G), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA #NA08OAR4320893) and the Department of Energy (DOE #DE-FG02-06ER64317). Thanks to NOAA-ESRL and Andy Jacobson in particular, for many useful discussions on these inversions as well as the CarbonTracker results which were used in this paper. Tower data were graciously provided, and commented on, by Beverly Law and Matthias Goeckede (Oregon State University), NOAA-ESRL (Arlyn Andrews), and Environment Canada (Doug Worthy). This research used the Evergreen computing cluster at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Evergreen is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. (DE-AC05-76RL01830). NR 76 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 49 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 19 IS 5 BP 1424 EP 1439 DI 10.1111/gcb.12141 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 121ZN UT WOS:000317284700009 PM 23505222 ER PT J AU Li, M Campbell, C Thornton, K Holm, E Gumbsch, P AF Li, Mei Campbell, Carelyn Thornton, Katsuyo Holm, Elizabeth Gumbsch, Peter TI A Look Ahead to the Second World Congress on Integrated Computational Materials Engineering SO JOM LA English DT Article C1 [Li, Mei] Ford Motor Co, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. [Campbell, Carelyn] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Thornton, Katsuyo] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Holm, Elizabeth] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Gumbsch, Peter] Fraunhofer Inst Mech Mat IWM, Freiburg, Germany. RP Li, M (reprint author), Ford Motor Co, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. EM mli9@ford.com; carelyn.camp-bell@nist.gov; kthorn@umich.edu; eaholm@andrew.cmu.edu; peter.gumbsch@iwm.fraunhofer.de OI Holm, Elizabeth/0000-0003-3064-5769; /0000-0002-1227-5293 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAY PY 2013 VL 65 IS 5 BP 583 EP 583 DI 10.1007/s11837-013-0596-1 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 119ZQ UT WOS:000317139400001 ER PT J AU Soler, T AF Soler, Tomas TI Impact Factor Conundrum SO JOURNAL OF SURVEYING ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Soler, T (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM tom.soler@noaa.gov RI Soler, Tomas/F-6386-2010 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9453 J9 J SURV ENG-ASCE JI J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY PY 2013 VL 139 IS 2 BP 69 EP 71 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000102 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 123YO UT WOS:000317429100001 ER PT J AU Aughenbaugh, KL Chancey, RT Stutzman, P Juenger, MC Fowler, DW AF Aughenbaugh, Katherine L. Chancey, Ryan T. Stutzman, Paul Juenger, Maria C. Fowler, David W. TI An examination of the reactivity of fly ash in cementitious pore solutions SO MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Concrete; Fly ash reactivity; Dissolution ID LOW-CALCIUM; PART I; SYSTEMS; BINDING AB Fly ash is frequently used to replace cement in concrete, but it is difficult to predict performance based only on the oxide composition, which is typically the only compositional information available. In order to better utilize fly ash in concrete, it is important to develop more meaningful characterization methods and correlate these with performance. The research presented here uses a combination of analytical methods, including X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy coupled with multispectral image analysis, and solution analysis to determine the compositions of the glassy phases in a specific fly ash and to examine the fly ash's reactivity in late- and early-age cement pore solutions, ultrapure water, and sodium hydroxide. The dissolution of individual glassy phases in the fly ash was tracked over time and the precipitation of reaction products monitored. A high-calcium aluminosilicate glass was the most reactive, a low-calcium aluminosilicate glass was of intermediate reactivity and a medium-calcium aluminosilicate glass had the lowest reactivity in the solutions tested for a specific fly ash. This result suggests the glass composition has a strong effect on reactivity, but that that there is not a strict correlation between calcium content and glass reactivity. C1 [Aughenbaugh, Katherine L.; Juenger, Maria C.; Fowler, David W.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Chancey, Ryan T.] Nelson Architectural Engineers Inc, Dallas, TX USA. [Stutzman, Paul] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Aughenbaugh, KL (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM kgustashaw@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation (NSF); International Center for Aggregates Research (ICAR), NSF [CMMI 0448983]; NSF [CMMI 0926627] FX Funding for this research was provided through a National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship to one of the authors (RTC), a grant from the International Center for Aggregates Research (ICAR), NSF Grant No. CMMI 0448983, and NSF Grant No. CMMI 0926627. The authors would like to thank Dr. Kenneth Snyder for his help in selecting pore solution compositions for this work. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1359-5997 J9 MATER STRUCT JI Mater. Struct. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 46 IS 5 BP 869 EP 880 DI 10.1617/s11527-012-9939-6 PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 118HN UT WOS:000317016400012 ER PT J AU Hayes, MC Hays, R Rubin, SP Chase, DM Hallock, M Cook-Tabor, C Luzier, CW Moser, ML AF Hayes, Michael C. Hays, Richard Rubin, Stephen P. Chase, Dorothy M. Hallock, Molly Cook-Tabor, Carrie Luzier, Christina W. Moser, Mary L. TI Distribution of Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus in Watersheds of Puget Sound Based on Smolt Monitoring Data SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ammocoete; trap; Lampetra; identification; dwarf-adult ID LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; LAKE LAMPREY; RIVER; PETROMYZONTIDAE; HABITAT; LARVAL; OREGON; CANADA; WASHINGTON AB Lamprey populations are in decline worldwide and the status of Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) is a topic of current interest. They and other lamprey species cycle nutrients and serve as prey in riverine ecosystems. To determine the current distribution of Pacific lamprey in major watersheds flowing into Puget Sound, Washington, we sampled lamprey captured during salmonid smolt monitoring that occurred from late winter to mid-summer. We found Pacific lamprey in 12 of 18 watersheds and they were most common in southern Puget Sound watersheds and in watersheds draining western Puget Sound (Hood Canal). Two additional species, western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni) and river lamprey (L. ayresii) were more common in eastern Puget Sound watersheds. Few Pacific lamprey macrophthalmia were found, suggesting that the majority of juveniles migrated seaward during other time periods. In addition, "dwarf" adult Pacific lamprey (< 300 mm) were observed in several watersheds and may represent an alternate life history for some Puget Sound populations. Based on genetic data, the use of visual techniques to identify lamprey ammocoetes as Entosphenus or Lampetra was successful for 97% (34 of 35) of the samples we evaluated. C1 [Hayes, Michael C.; Hays, Richard; Rubin, Stephen P.; Chase, Dorothy M.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hallock, Molly] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Cook-Tabor, Carrie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. [Luzier, Christina W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Moser, Mary L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Hayes, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mhayes@usgs.gov OI HAYES, MICHAEL/0000-0002-9060-0565 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX Field collections were made possible through the cooperation of numerous groups, including the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Lummi Nation, Stillaguamish Tribe of Indians, Tulalip Tribes, Nisqually Tribes, Skokomish Tribal Nation, the Hood Canal Salmon Enhancement Group, and Long- Live the Kings. Thanks to Stewart Reid who assisted in species identification and Nancy Elder who reviewed an early draft manuscript. The final version of the manuscript was substantially improved by reviewers for Northwest Science. Funding for this project was provided through the Science Support Program administered by the U.S. Geological Survey in partnership with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Field and laboratory work conducted by R. Hays was completed through a cooperative agreement with the Student Conservation Association (Charlestown, NH). Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 23 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 87 IS 2 BP 95 EP 105 DI 10.3955/046.087.0202 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 119RD UT WOS:000317114200002 ER PT J AU Lee, Y Filliben, JJ Micheals, RJ Phillips, PJ AF Lee, Yooyoung Filliben, James J. Micheals, Ross J. Phillips, P. Jonathon TI Sensitivity analysis for biometric systems: A methodology based on orthogonal experiment designs SO COMPUTER VISION AND IMAGE UNDERSTANDING LA English DT Article DE Sensitivity analysis; Iris recognition; Biometrics; Experiment design; VASIR; Video-based biometric system; Orthogonal; Fractional factorial; Characterization; Uncertainty ID IRIS RECOGNITION AB The purpose of this paper is to introduce an effective and structured methodology for carrying out a biometric system sensitivity analysis. The goal of sensitivity analysis is to provide the researcher/developer with insight and understanding of the key factors algorithmic, subject-based, procedural, image quality, environmental, among others that affect the matching performance of the biometric system under study. This proposed methodology consists of two steps: (1) the design and execution of orthogonal fractional factorial experiment designs which allow the scientist to efficiently investigate the effect of a large number of factors and interactions simultaneously, and (2) the use of a select set of statistical data analysis graphical procedures which are fine-tuned to unambiguously highlight important factors, important interactions, and locally-optimal settings. We illustrate this methodology by application to a study of VASIR (Video-based Automated System for Iris Recognition)-NIST iris-based biometric system. In particular, we investigated k = 8 algorithmic factors from the VASIR system by constructing a (2(6-1) x 3(1) x 4(1)) orthogonal fractional factorial design, generating the corresponding performance data, and applying an appropriate set of analysis graphics to determine the relative importance of the eight factors, the relative importance of the 28 two-term interactions, and the local best settings of the eight algorithms. The results showed that VASIR's performance was primarily driven by six factors out of the eight, along with four two-term interactions. A virtue of our two-step methodology is that it is systematic and general, and hence may be applied with equal rigor and effectiveness to other biometric systems, such as fingerprints, face, voice, and DNA. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Yooyoung; Filliben, James J.; Micheals, Ross J.; Phillips, P. Jonathon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yooyoung@nist.gov; filliben@nist.gov; rossm@nist.gov; jonathon@nist.gov NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1077-3142 J9 COMPUT VIS IMAGE UND JI Comput. Vis. Image Underst. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 117 IS 5 BP 532 EP 550 DI 10.1016/j.cviu.2013.01.003 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 115UD UT WOS:000316836500008 ER PT J AU Able, KW Wuenschel, MJ Grothues, TM Vasslides, JM Rowe, PM AF Able, Kenneth W. Wuenschel, Mark J. Grothues, Thomas M. Vasslides, James M. Rowe, Peter M. TI Do surf zones in New Jersey provide "nursery" habitat for southern fishes? SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Surf zone; Young-of-the-year; Nursery habitat; New Jersey ID BLUEFISH POMATOMUS-SALTATRIX; EFFECTIVE JUVENILE HABITATS; THE-YEAR BLUEFISH; SUMMER-SPAWNED BLUEFISH; NORTHERN NEW-JERSEY; NEW-YORK BIGHT; MARINE NURSERIES; UNITED-STATES; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SANDY BEACH AB The fishes of the energetic surf zone of exposed ocean beaches are poorly known, especially along the U.S. east coast. We investigated the role that surf zones in southern New Jersey have as habitat by describing the young-of-the-year fishes caught by seines within the surf zone from May through October in 1998, 1999, 2005 and 2006. In addition, we investigated the nursery role of these surf zones by examining abundance, growth, and inferred survival during the summer for the dominant locally (New Jersey) and southern (south of Cape Hatteras) spawned species. At least three southern species, i.e. bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix (Cohort I), white mullet Mugil curema, and Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus successfully use New Jersey surf zones as nurseries during the summer. It is clear that bluefish (Cohort I) contributes to the adult population and it is likely for the other southern species. Ultimately, the nursery contribution of surf zones and other habitats at the northern limits of the range of southern species depends on whether surviving juveniles can successfully emigrate to overwinter habitats and complete their life history. C1 [Able, Kenneth W.; Wuenschel, Mark J.; Grothues, Thomas M.; Vasslides, James M.; Rowe, Peter M.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Marine Field Stn, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. [Wuenschel, Mark J.] NOAA, NMFS, NEFSC, Woods Hole Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Vasslides, James M.] Barnegat Bay Partnership, Toms River, NJ 08754 USA. [Rowe, Peter M.] New Jersey Sea Grant Consortium, Ft Hancock, NJ 07732 USA. RP Able, KW (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Marine Field Stn, 800 C-O 132 Great Bay Blvd, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. EM able@marine.rutgers.edu FU Rutgers University; National Marine Fisheries Service FX We thank the technicians of "The Blue Crew" - G. Bell, D. Bottinelli, B. Rokeach, R. Nichols, C. Jeitner, K. Della Torre, R. Rinaldi, M. Greaney, J. Conwell, J. Eppenstiener, J. Bunkiewicz, and J. Lamonaca for their work in the surf. Jackie Toth and Carol Van Pelt provided statistical analysis and editorial assistance, respectively. This study was funded through a Bluefish/Striped Bass Research Program (Rutgers University and National Marine Fisheries Service collaborative program). We are grateful to all of the above. This paper is Rutgers University Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences Contribution No. 2012-5. NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAY PY 2013 VL 96 IS 5 BP 661 EP 675 DI 10.1007/s10641-012-0056-8 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 114QQ UT WOS:000316757500008 ER PT J AU Marszalek, JE Simon, CG Thodeti, C Adapala, RK Murthy, A Karim, A AF Marszalek, Jolanta E. Simon, Carl G., Jr. Thodeti, Charles Adapala, Ravi Kumar Murthy, Ananth Karim, Alamgir TI 2.5D constructs for characterizing phase separated polymer blend surface morphology in tissue engineering scaffolds SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A LA English DT Article DE polymer blends; poly(e-caprolactone); poly(D; L-lactide); topography; 2; 5D scaffolds ID CELL-SHAPE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; 3D; PROLIFERATION; DIFFERENTIATION; TOPOGRAPHY; POROSITY AB Previously, we used 2D films to identify an annealed PCL-PDLLA phase-separated blend morphology which provided nanoscale surface texture and patterning that stimulated osteoblast differentiation. In order to translate these 2D surface nanopatterning effects to the walls of 3D salt-leached scaffolds, the blend phase morphology of scaffold walls must be characterized. For salt-leached scaffolds, NaCl is used as a porogen, which may affect phase separation in PCL-PDLLA blends. However, it is not possible to characterize the surface blend morphology of 3D scaffold walls using standard approaches such as AFM or optical microscopy, since scaffolds are too rough for AFM and do not transmit light for optical microscopy. We introduce a 2.5D approach that mimics the processing conditions of 3D salt-leached scaffolds, but has a geometry amenable to surface characterization by AFM and optical microscopy. For the 2.5D approach, PCL-PDLLA blend films were covered with NaCl crystals prior to annealing. The presence of NaCl significantly influenced blend morphology in PCL-PDLLA 2.5D constructs causing increased surface roughness, higher percent PCL area on the surface and a smaller PCL domain size. During cell culture on 2.5D constructs, osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) and dermal endothelial cell (MDEC) adhesion were enhanced on PCL-PDLLA blends that were annealed with NaCl while chondrogenic cell (ATDC5) adhesion was diminished. This work introduces a 2.5D approach that mimicked 3D salt-leached scaffold processing, but enabled characterization of scaffold surface properties by AFM and light microscopy, to demonstrate that the presence of NaCl during annealing strongly influenced polymer blend surface morphology and cell adhesion. Published 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.dagger J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013. C1 [Marszalek, Jolanta E.; Karim, Alamgir] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron Funct Mat Ctr, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Simon, Carl G., Jr.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Thodeti, Charles; Adapala, Ravi Kumar] Northeast Ohio Med Univ, Coll Med, Dept Integrat Med Sci, Rootstown, OH 44272 USA. [Murthy, Ananth] Akron Childrens Hosp, Dept Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Akron, OH 44308 USA. RP Karim, A (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron Funct Mat Ctr, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM carl.simon@nist.gov; alamgir@uakron.edu FU University of Akron Research Foundation (UARF), the Akron Functional Research Materials Center (AFMC); Austen BioInnovation Institute in Akron (ABIA), Akron Children's Hospital, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED) FX Contract grant sponsors: The University of Akron Research Foundation (UARF), the Akron Functional Research Materials Center (AFMC); Austen BioInnovation Institute in Akron (ABIA), Akron Children's Hospital, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED) NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1549-3296 EI 1552-4965 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A PD MAY PY 2013 VL 101 IS 5 BP 1502 EP 1510 DI 10.1002/jbm.a.34439 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 115MG UT WOS:000316815700030 PM 23184520 ER PT J AU Mulholland, GW Zhou, L Zachariah, MR Heinson, WR Chakrabarti, A Sorensen, C AF Mulholland, George W. Zhou, Lei Zachariah, Michael R. Heinson, William R. Chakrabarti, Amit Sorensen, Christopher TI Light Scattering Shape Diagnostics for Nano-Agglomerates SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SMOKE AB Motivated by light scattering experiments showing enhanced intensity of electric field aligned nano-agglomerates versus randomly oriented nano-agglomerates, we address the theoretical basis for this effect by applying the theory of small angle Rayleigh-Gans-Debye light scattering to oriented nano-clusters generated by classical diffusion-limited clustercluster aggregation (DLCA). We show that the shape anisotropy of these clusters is related to the ratio of small angle light scattering for partially aligned and randomly oriented clusters. It is also shown that state-of-the-art small-angle aerosol scattering measurements would have the angular resolution required to measure the shape anisotropy of clusters with 30 to 1000 nano-monomers. For large q, it is shown from the simulations that S(q) for the partially aligned nano-clusters is not proportional to , where Df is the fractal dimension, as it is for randomly oriented clusters. Nano-clusters with a fixed orientation are shown to result in a structure factor with multiple peaks, which might be used to obtain more detailed information about particle structure than shape anisotropy. The measurements reported in the literature showing enhanced scattering for partially aligned soot agglomerates were for angle integrated measurements. Calculation of the integrated light scattering cross-section for the same range of angles and polarization direction as the experiments indicate a significant enhancement of 70% and 120% for two representative aspect ratios. The smaller value overlaps with measured values of the scattering enhancement for oriented soot agglomerates in an electric field. Copyright 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research C1 [Mulholland, George W.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mulholland, George W.; Zhou, Lei; Zachariah, Michael R.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heinson, William R.; Chakrabarti, Amit; Sorensen, Christopher] Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Mulholland, GW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, 2181 Glenn L Martin Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM georgewm@umd.edu RI Sorensen, Christopher/G-4900-2013 OI Sorensen, Christopher/0000-0002-1980-3394 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 5 BP 520 EP 529 DI 10.1080/02786826.2013.767435 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 105MJ UT WOS:000316074500007 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Heckert, NA Leigh, SD Kobayashi, H McDonough, WG Rice, KD Holmes, GA AF Kim, Jae Hyun Heckert, N. Alan Leigh, Stefan D. Kobayashi, Haruki McDonough, Walter G. Rice, Kirk D. Holmes, Gale A. TI Effects of fiber gripping methods on the single fiber tensile test: I. Non-parametric statistical analysis SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; WEIBULL MODULUS; STRENGTH; PERFORMANCE AB Single fiber tensile tests using two different gripping methods were carried out on various fiber lengths. One method (the glue-tab grip method) consists of mounting a fiber onto a rigid tab as specified in ASTM C1557-03 using an adhesive, while the other (the direct grip method) involves directly clamping a fiber using poly(methyl methacrylate) blocks. The tensile moduli obtained by the glue-tab grip as a function of the fiber gauge length are clearly different from those of the direct grip for fiber length between 2 and 10 mm, based on graphical statistical analyses using kernel density and q-q plots. This difference is caused by the gripping effect. In addition, the tensile strains and strengths obtained by the glue-tab grip were different from those of the direct grip at the short fiber gauge lengths (i.e., 2-10 mm). The differences between the tensile properties (i.e., modulus, strain, and strength) for the two grips measured with the 60-mm fiber length were not statistically significant compared to the results with the short fiber lengths. C1 [Kim, Jae Hyun; Kobayashi, Haruki; McDonough, Walter G.; Holmes, Gale A.] NIST, Polymers Div MS 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heckert, N. Alan; Leigh, Stefan D.] NIST, Stat Engn Div MS 8980, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rice, Kirk D.] NIST, Off Law Enforcement Stand MS 8102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McDonough, WG (reprint author), NIST, Polymers Div MS 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM walter.mcdonough@nist.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 48 IS 10 BP 3623 EP 3637 DI 10.1007/s10853-013-7142-y PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 098BK UT WOS:000315518400002 ER PT J AU Liu, YL Yu, YY Sun, DL Tarpley, D Fang, L AF Liu, Yuling Yu, Yunyue Sun, Donglian Tarpley, Dan Fang, Li TI Effect of Different MODIS Emissivity Products on Land-Surface Temperature Retrieval From GOES Series SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Dual-window algorithm; emissivity; Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES); land-surface temperature (LST); Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ID SPECTRAL EMISSIVITY; SATELLITE; WINDOW; ASTER AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service is developing an operational land-surface temperature (LST) product from the U. S. Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) series 13, 14, and 15, which makes use of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) monthly emissivity. However, there is a latency problem since the MODIS monthly emissivity data are available at least a month late. In this study, we investigated using alternative emissivity data sets, including the ten-year monthly average emissivity, the last month emissivity, and the same month emissivity in the last year. We also tested current monthly emissivity and current weekly emissivity for comparison and evaluation. The study area is in the continental United States (25 degrees N-50 degrees N and 125 degrees W-65 degrees W), and the temporal frame is April, July, October, and December, which represents the four seasons in a year. Based on the modified dual-window algorithm, LST is derived and validated against the SURFace RADiation (SURFRAD) budget network ground observations. The results show that the ten-year monthly average emissivity performs best by retrieving stable and accurate LST. C1 [Liu, Yuling] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Yu, Yunyue] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Sun, Donglian; Fang, Li] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Tarpley, Dan] Short & Associates, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Liu, YL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Yuling.liu@noaa.gov RI Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites) at the University of Maryland/Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center [NA09NES4400006] FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant NA09NES4400006 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites) at the University of Maryland/Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center. The contents of this letter are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 35 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 10 IS 3 BP 510 EP 514 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2012.2211992 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 046YX UT WOS:000311802900020 ER PT J AU Gladkova, I Grossberg, M Bonev, G Romanov, P Riggs, G Hall, D AF Gladkova, Irina Grossberg, Michael Bonev, George Romanov, Peter Riggs, George Hall, Dorothy TI A Full Snow Season in Yellowstone: A Database of Restored Aqua Band 6 SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Aqua band 6; Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); normalized difference snow index; restoration ID COVER PRODUCTS AB The algorithms for estimating snow extent for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) optimally use the 1.6-mu m channel which is unavailable for MODIS on Aqua due to detector damage. As a test bed to demonstrate that Aqua band 6 can be restored, we chose the area surrounding Yellowstone and Grand Teton national parks. In such rugged and difficult-to-access terrain, satellite images are particularly important for providing an estimation of snow-cover extent. For the full 2010-2011 snow season covering the Yellowstone region, we have used quantitative image restoration to create a database of restored Aqua band 6. The database includes restored radiances, normalized vegetation index, normalized snow index, thermal data, and band-6-based snow-map products. The restored Aqua-band-6 data have also been regridded and combined with Terra data to produce a snow-cover map that utilizes both Terra and Aqua snow maps. Using this database, we show that the restored Aqua-band-6-based snow-cover extent has a comparable performance with respect to ground stations to the one based on Terra. The result of a restored band 6 from Aqua is that we have an additional band-6 image of the Yellowstone region each day. This image can be used to mitigate cloud occlusion, using the same algorithms used for band 6 on Terra. We show an application of this database of restored band-6 images to illustrate the value of creating a cloud gap filling using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's operational cloud masks and data from both Aqua and Terra. C1 [Gladkova, Irina; Grossberg, Michael; Romanov, Peter] NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Bonev, George] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Riggs, George; Hall, Dorothy] NASA, Cryospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gladkova, I (reprint author), NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM gladkova@cs.ccny.cuny.edu; grossberg@cs.ccny.cuny.edu; gbonev@gc.cuny.edu; Peter.Romanov@noaa.gov; george.a.riggs@nasa.gov; Dorothy.K.Hall@nasa.gov RI Romanov, Peter/F-5622-2010 OI Romanov, Peter/0000-0002-2153-8307 FU Center for Satellite Applications and Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service [DG133E07CQ0077]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Earth Observing System Project FX This work was supported in part by Center for Satellite Applications and Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, under Grant DG133E07CQ0077. The works of D. Hall and G. Riggs were supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Earth Observing System Project. The views, opinions, and findings in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA and/or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 27 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 10 IS 3 BP 553 EP 557 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2012.2213063 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 046YX UT WOS:000311802900029 ER PT J AU Sun, DL Yu, YY Yang, HQ Liu, QH Shi, JC AF Sun, Donglian Yu, Yunyue Yang, Hequn Liu, Qinhuo Shi, Jiancheng TI Comparison Between GOES-East and - West for Land Surface Temperature Retrieval From a Dual-Window Algorithm SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Differences in land surface temperature (LST); between Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite; (GOES)-East (GOES-E) and GOES-West (GOES-W); GOES; GOES-E; GOES-W; LST ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; MODIS; EMISSIVITY; VALIDATION; SATELLITES; PRODUCTS; CLIMATE; MODELS; SPACE AB In this letter, land surface temperature (LST) is derived from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-East (GOES-E) and GOES-West (GOES-W) using a revised dual-window LST algorithm developed by Sun and Pinker in 2004. LST derived from GOES is also evaluated against ground observations. The results show that the LSTs from GOES-E are warmer than those from GOES-W in the morning but lower in the afternoon, while there is no big difference around noon and during night. It is found that the original brightness temperatures from GOES-E and GOES-W show similar patterns to LSTs over time. The discrepancy in LSTs is most probably due to the fact that the Earth surface is warmer in GOES-E than in GOES-W in the morning but cooler in the afternoon. Some other factors may include the difference in satellite viewing geometry, image navigation and registration, calibration, and spectral response functions. It is expected that these effects should be small as those demonstrated in nighttime difference. When evaluated against the ground observations, over the overlap region, the LST bias error is positive from GOES-E but negative from GOES-W in the morning, leading to a positive LST difference, while the bias from GOES-W is close to zero but negative from GOES-E in the afternoon, resulting in a negative LST difference. Nevertheless, the LST root-mean-square errors from GOES-E and GOES-W are very close and reach the maximum around noontime. To synergistically use LST from different satellite sensors, we suggest using nighttime data; further study is needed to best use daytime LSTs. C1 [Sun, Donglian] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Yu, Yunyue] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Yang, Hequn] Shanghai Meteorol Bur, Minghan Div, Shanghai 201100, Peoples R China. [Liu, Qinhuo; Shi, Jiancheng] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Sun, DL (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM dsun@gmu.edu; yunyue.yu@gmail.com; qhliu@irsa.gov.cn; jshi@irsa.ac.cn RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010 OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Product System Development and Implementation project; Chinese Academy of Sciences/State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (CAS/SAFEA) International Partnership Program [KZZD-EW-TZ-09] FX This work was supported in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Product System Development and Implementation project and in part by the Chinese Academy of Sciences/State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (CAS/SAFEA) International Partnership Program under Grant KZZD-EW-TZ-09. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 32 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 10 IS 3 BP 578 EP 582 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2012.2214473 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 046YX UT WOS:000311802900034 ER PT J AU Jepson, PD Deaville, R Acevedo-Whitehouse, K Barnett, J Brownlow, A Brownell, RL Clare, FC Davison, N Law, RJ Loveridge, J Macgregor, SK Morris, S Murphy, S Penrose, R Perkins, MW Pinn, E Seibel, H Siebert, U Sierra, E Simpson, V Tasker, ML Tregenza, N Cunningham, AA Fernandez, A AF Jepson, Paul D. Deaville, Robert Acevedo-Whitehouse, Karina Barnett, James Brownlow, Andrew Brownell, Robert L., Jr. Clare, Frances C. Davison, Nick Law, Robin J. Loveridge, Jan Macgregor, Shaheed K. Morris, Steven Murphy, Sinead Penrose, Rod Perkins, Matthew W. Pinn, Eunice Seibel, Henrike Siebert, Ursula Sierra, Eva Simpson, Victor Tasker, Mark L. Tregenza, Nick Cunningham, Andrew A. Fernandez, Antonio TI What Caused the UK's Largest Common Dolphin (Delphinus delphis) Mass Stranding Event? SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; SOUTH-WEST ENGLAND; PORPOISES PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; GAS-BUBBLE LESIONS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; HARBOR PORPOISES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; STRIPED DOLPHIN; UNITED-KINGDOM; MARINE MAMMALS AB On 9 June 2008, the UK's largest mass stranding event (MSE) of short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) occurred in Falmouth Bay, Cornwall. At least 26 dolphins died, and a similar number was refloated/herded back to sea. On necropsy, all dolphins were in good nutritive status with empty stomachs and no evidence of known infectious disease or acute physical injury. Auditory tissues were grossly normal (26/26) but had microscopic haemorrhages (5/5) and mild otitis media (1/5) in the freshest cases. Five lactating adult dolphins, one immature male, and one immature female tested were free of harmful algal toxins and had low chemical pollutant levels. Pathological evidence of mud/seawater inhalation (11/26), local tide cycle, and the relative lack of renal myoglobinuria (26/26) suggested MSE onset on a rising tide between 06: 30 and 08: 21 hrs (9 June). Potential causes excluded or considered highly unlikely included infectious disease, gas/fat embolism, boat strike, by-catch, predator attack, foraging unusually close to shore, chemical or algal toxin exposure, abnormal weather/climatic conditions, and high-intensity acoustic inputs from seismic airgun arrays or natural sources (e. g., earthquakes). International naval exercises did occur in close proximity to the MSE with the most intense part of the exercises (including mid-frequency sonars) occurring four days before the MSE and resuming with helicopter exercises on the morning of the MSE. The MSE may therefore have been a "two-stage process'' where a group of normally pelagic dolphins entered Falmouth Bay and, after 3-4 days in/around the Bay, a second acoustic/disturbance event occurred causing them to strand en masse. This spatial and temporal association with the MSE, previous associations between naval activities and cetacean MSEs, and an absence of other identifiable factors known to cause cetacean MSEs, indicates naval activity to be the most probable cause of the Falmouth Bay MSE. C1 [Jepson, Paul D.; Deaville, Robert; Clare, Frances C.; Macgregor, Shaheed K.; Murphy, Sinead; Perkins, Matthew W.; Cunningham, Andrew A.] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Acevedo-Whitehouse, Karina] Autonomous Univ Queretaro, Sch Nat Sci, Unit Basic & Appl Microbiol, Queretaro, Mexico. [Barnett, James; Davison, Nick] Anim Hlth & Vet Labs Agcy Truro, Truro, Cornwall, England. [Brownlow, Andrew; Davison, Nick] Scottish Agr Coll, Inverness, Scotland. [Brownell, Robert L., Jr.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA USA. [Law, Robin J.] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England. [Loveridge, Jan; Tregenza, Nick] Five Acres, Cornwall Wildlife Trust Marine Strandings Network, Truro, England. [Morris, Steven] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Weymouth, Dorset, England. [Penrose, Rod] Marine Environm Monitoring, Cardigan, Ceredigion, Wales. [Pinn, Eunice; Tasker, Mark L.] Joint Nat Conservat Comm, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Seibel, Henrike; Siebert, Ursula] Univ Vet Med Hannover, Inst Terr & Aquat Wildlife Res, Busum, Germany. [Sierra, Eva; Fernandez, Antonio] Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Vet Sch Montana Cardones Arucas, Inst Anim Hlth, Histol & Pathol Unit, Gran Canaria, Spain. [Simpson, Victor] Wildlife Vet Invest Ctr, Truro, Cornwall, England. RP Jepson, PD (reprint author), Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, Regents Pk, London NW1 4RY, England. EM paul.jepson@ioz.ac.uk RI APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010; Fernandez, Antonio/G-3448-2015; Cunningham, Andrew/E-7536-2010; Sierra, Eva/H-9352-2015 OI Fernandez, Antonio/0000-0001-5281-0521; Sierra, Eva/0000-0003-3749-8845 FU UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs [CR0364] FX This investigation was funded by the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs under under a variation to contract number CR0364. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 77 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 13 U2 105 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 30 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 4 AR e60953 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0060953 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 146GG UT WOS:000319077300004 PM 23646103 ER PT J AU Trassin, M Clarkson, JD Bowden, SR Liu, J Heron, JT Paull, RJ Arenholz, E Pierce, DT Unguris, J AF Trassin, M. Clarkson, J. D. Bowden, S. R. Liu, Jian Heron, J. T. Paull, R. J. Arenholz, E. Pierce, D. T. Unguris, J. TI Interfacial coupling in multiferroic/ferromagnet heterostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BIFEO3 THIN-FILMS; SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; NANOSCALE CONTROL; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; DOMAIN CONTROL; EXCHANGE BIAS; MULTIFERROICS AB We report local probe investigations of the magnetic interaction between BiFeO3 films and a ferromagnetic Co0.9Fe0.1 layer. Within the constraints of intralayer exchange coupling in the Co0.9Fe0.1, the multiferroic imprint in the ferromagnet results in a collinear arrangement of the local magnetization and the in-plane BiFeO3 ferroelectric polarization. The magnetic anisotropy is uniaxial, and an in-plane effective coupling field of order 10 mT is derived. Measurements as a function of multiferroic layer thickness show that the influence of the multiferroic layer on the magnetic layer becomes negligible for 3 nm thick BiFeO3 films. We ascribe this breakdown in the exchange coupling to a weakening of the antiferromagnetic order in the ultrathin BiFeO3 film based on our x-ray linear dichroism measurements. These observations are consistent with an interfacial exchange coupling between the CoFe moments and a canted antiferromagnetic moment in the BiFeO3. C1 [Trassin, M.; Liu, Jian] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Trassin, M.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Mat, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Clarkson, J. D.; Heron, J. T.; Paull, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bowden, S. R.; Pierce, D. T.; Unguris, J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bowden, S. R.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Arenholz, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Trassin, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM morgan.trassin@mat.ethz.ch; john.unguris@nist.gov RI Liu, Jian/I-6746-2013; Unguris, John/J-3989-2014 OI Liu, Jian/0000-0001-7962-2547; FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; Center for Energy Efficient Electronics Science (NSF) [0939514] FX We sincerely thank D. Meier and R. Ramesh for the thoughtful discussions and B. Kim and Y. Bobrov for their assistance with the MFM under external magnetic field. We also gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with R. D. McMichael and M. D. Stiles and the technical assistance of S. Blankenship and G. Holland. S. Bowden acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. M. Trassin acknowledges the support from the Center for Energy Efficient Electronics Science (NSF Grant No. 0939514). NR 37 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 111 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 30 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 13 AR 134426 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.134426 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 138KJ UT WOS:000318507200004 ER PT J AU Phillips, WD AF Phillips, William D. TI Profile of David Wineland and Serge Haroche, 2012 Nobel Laureates in Physics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID RADIATION C1 NIST, Laser Cooling & Trapping Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phillips, WD (reprint author), NIST, Laser Cooling & Trapping Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.phillips@nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 30 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 18 BP 7110 EP 7111 DI 10.1073/pnas.1221825110 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 140UV UT WOS:000318682300013 PM 23584018 ER PT J AU Bignami, S Enochs, IC Manzello, DP Sponaugle, S Cowen, RK AF Bignami, Sean Enochs, Ian C. Manzello, Derek P. Sponaugle, Su Cowen, Robert K. TI Ocean acidification alters the otoliths of a pantropical fish species with implications for sensory function SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL MARINE FISH; CORAL-REEF FISHES; RACHYCENTRON-CANADUM; CARBON; LARVAE; SENSITIVITY; BEHAVIOR; RECORD; FUTURE; GROWTH AB Ocean acidification affects a wide diversity of marine organisms and is of particular concern for vulnerable larval stages critical to population replenishment and connectivity. Whereas it is well known that ocean acidification will negatively affect a range of calcareous taxa, the study of fishes is more limited in both depth of understanding and diversity of study species. We used new 3D microcomputed tomography to conduct in situ analysis of the impact of ocean acidification on otolith (ear stone) size and density of larval cobia (Rachycentron canadum), a large, economically important, pantropical fish species that shares many life history traits with a diversity of high-value, tropical pelagic fishes. We show that 2,100 mu atm partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO(2)) significantly increased not only otolith size (up to 49% greater volume and 58% greater relative mass) but also otolith density (6% higher). Estimated relative mass in 800 mu atm pCO(2) treatments was 14% greater, and there was a similar but nonsignificant trend for otolith size. Using a modeling approach, we demonstrate that these changes could affect auditory sensitivity including a similar to 50% increase in hearing range at 2,100 mu atm pCO(2), which may alter the perception of auditory information by larval cobia in a high-CO2 ocean. Our results indicate that ocean acidification has a graded effect on cobia otoliths, with the potential to substantially influence the dispersal, survival, and recruitment of a pelagic fish species. These results have important implications for population maintenance/replenishment, connectivity, and conservation efforts for other valuable fish stocks that are already being deleteriously impacted by overfishing. C1 [Bignami, Sean; Sponaugle, Su; Cowen, Robert K.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Enochs, Ian C.; Manzello, Derek P.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Enochs, Ian C.; Manzello, Derek P.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Labs, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Bignami, S (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM sbignami@rsmas.miami.edu RI Manzello, Derek/A-8661-2014; Enochs, Ian/B-8051-2014 OI Manzello, Derek/0000-0002-0720-3041; Enochs, Ian/0000-0002-8867-0361 FU National Science Foundation GK-12 program; University of Miami Maytag Ichthyology Chair; Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation; Florida Sea Grant; International Light Tackle Tournament Association; Manasquan River Marlin and Tuna Club; Yamaha Contender/Miami Billfish Tournament FX We thank D. Gledhill and L. Jewett of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Ocean Acidification Program for providing the micro-CT scanner; T. Capo, D. Benetti, C. Langdon, E. Bryant, and K. Ternus for facility use and logistical assistance; M. Grosell, J. Dallman, Z. Lu, and E. Staaterman for discussions; and the University of Miami Experimental Hatchery. This study was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation GK-12 program, University of Miami Maytag Ichthyology Chair, Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation, Florida Sea Grant, International Light Tackle Tournament Association, Manasquan River Marlin and Tuna Club, and the Yamaha Contender/Miami Billfish Tournament. NR 39 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 10 U2 108 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 30 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 18 BP 7366 EP 7370 DI 10.1073/pnas.1301365110 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 140UV UT WOS:000318682300058 PM 23589887 ER PT J AU Hong, T Zhu, LY Ke, X Garlea, VO Qiu, Y Nambu, Y Yoshizawa, H Zhu, M Granroth, GE Savici, AT Gai, Z Zhou, HD AF Hong, Tao Zhu, L. Y. Ke, X. Garlea, V. O. Qiu, Y. Nambu, Y. Yoshizawa, H. Zhu, M. Granroth, G. E. Savici, A. T. Gai, Zheng Zhou, H. D. TI Structural and magnetic properties in the quantum S=1/2 dimer system Ba-3(Cr1-xVx)(2)O-8 with site disorder SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; SINGLET-GROUND-STATE; CHOPPER SPECTROMETER; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SPIN GAP; TLCUCL3; TRANSITION; CUGEO3 AB We report a comprehensive study of dc susceptibility, specific-heat, neutron-diffraction, and inelastic neutron-scattering measurements on polycrystalline Ba-3(Cr1-xVx)(2)O-8 samples, where x = 0, 0.06, 0.15, and 0.53. A Jahn-Teller structure transition occurs for x = 0, 0.06, and 0.15 samples, and the transition temperature is reduced upon vanadium substitution from 70(2) K at x = 0 to 60(2) K at x = 0.06 and 0.15. The structure becomes less distorted as x increases, and such transition disappears at x = 0.53. The observed magnetic excitation spectrum indicates that the singlet ground state remains unaltered and spin-gap energy Delta = 1.3(1) meV is identical within the instrument resolution for all x. In addition, the dispersion bandwidth W decreases with increase of x. At x = 0.53, W is reduced to 1.4(1) meV from 2.0(1) meV at x = 0. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.144427 C1 [Hong, Tao; Ke, X.; Garlea, V. O.; Granroth, G. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhu, L. Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ke, X.; Zhu, M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Qiu, Y.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nambu, Y.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Multidisciplinary Res Adv Mat, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Yoshizawa, H.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Neutron Sci Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. [Savici, A. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Data Anal & Visualizat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gai, Zheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhou, H. D.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Zhou, H. D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Hong, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hongt@ornl.gov RI Nambu, Yusuke/C-3863-2012; Hong, Tao/F-8166-2010; Gai, Zheng/B-5327-2012; Granroth, Garrett/G-3576-2012; Savici, Andrei/F-2790-2013; Garlea, Vasile/A-4994-2016; Zhou, Haidong/O-4373-2016 OI Nambu, Yusuke/0000-0003-1167-7124; Hong, Tao/0000-0002-0161-8588; Gai, Zheng/0000-0002-6099-4559; Granroth, Garrett/0000-0002-7583-8778; Savici, Andrei/0000-0001-5127-8967; Garlea, Vasile/0000-0002-5322-7271; FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSF [DMR-0944772] FX T.H. would like to thank A. Huq for the initial measurement at an early stage and G. W. Chern for helpful discussion. Research conducted at Neutron Sciences Directorate and the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. Work at Argonne is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Work at NIST is supported by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 30 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 14 AR 144427 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.144427 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 138LV UT WOS:000318511000006 ER PT J AU Tacchi, S Nguyen, TNA Carlotti, G Gubbiotti, G Madami, M Dumas, RK Lau, JW Akerman, J Rettori, A Pini, MG AF Tacchi, S. Nguyen, T. N. Anh Carlotti, G. Gubbiotti, G. Madami, M. Dumas, R. K. Lau, J. W. Akerman, Johan Rettori, A. Pini, M. G. TI Spin wave excitations in exchange-coupled [Co/Pd]-NiFe films with tunable tilting of the magnetization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FIELD; MULTILAYER; TORQUE; SCATTERING; SURFACE AB Brillouin light scattering was applied to measure the evolution of spin waves in exchange-coupled [Co/Pd]-NiFe films with out-of-plane/in-plane magnetic anisotropy. Tunable tilting of the magnetization has important effects on the spin wave frequency gap: a substantial increase is observed with decreasing the soft NiFe thickness, while seemingly insignificant tilting angles cause a strong reduction with respect to a film with only the hard [Co/Pd] component. The spin wave frequency is reproduced also in samples, with increased thickness of the upper Pd layer, where a sudden modification in the tilting at the hard/soft interface is caused by the weakening of interlayer exchange. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.144426 C1 [Tacchi, S.; Gubbiotti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, CNR, IOM,Unita Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Nguyen, T. N. Anh; Akerman, Johan] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Sch Informat & Commun Technol, S-16440 Kista, Sweden. [Carlotti, G.; Madami, M.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Carlotti, G.; Rettori, A.] Ist Nanosci CNR CNR NANO, Ctr S3, I-41125 Modena, Italy. [Dumas, R. K.; Akerman, Johan] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Phys, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Lau, J. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rettori, A.] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Fis, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy. [Pini, M. G.] CNR, ISC, Unita Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy. RP Tacchi, S (reprint author), Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, CNR, IOM,Unita Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. RI Dumas, Randy/E-3077-2010; Akerman, Johan/B-5726-2008; Pini, Maria Gloria/B-9595-2015; OI Dumas, Randy/0000-0001-5505-2172; Akerman, Johan/0000-0002-3513-6608; Pini, Maria Gloria/0000-0002-6571-4181; Madami, Marco/0000-0002-0727-1773 FU MIUR [2010ECA8P3]; Swedish Foundation for strategic Research (SSF); Swedish Research Council (VR); Swedish Institute (SI); Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation FX The research leading to these results has received partial financial support from MIUR under PRIN 2010-2011 "DyNanoMag"-prot. 2010ECA8P3. Support from the Swedish Foundation for strategic Research (SSF), the Swedish Research Council (VR), and the Swedish Institute (SI) is gratefully acknowledged. Johan Akerman is a Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow supported by a grant from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 30 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 14 AR 144426 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.144426 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 138LV UT WOS:000318511000005 ER PT J AU Zhu, H Richter, CA Zhao, EH Bonevich, JE Kimes, WA Jang, HJ Yuan, H Li, HT Arab, A Kirillov, O Maslar, JE Ioannou, DE Li, QL AF Zhu, Hao Richter, Curt A. Zhao, Erhai Bonevich, John E. Kimes, William A. Jang, Hyuk-Jae Yuan, Hui Li, Haitao Arab, Abbas Kirillov, Oleg Maslar, James E. Ioannou, Dimitris E. Li, Qiliang TI Topological Insulator Bi2Se3 Nanowire High Performance Field-Effect Transistors SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE DIRAC CONE; SURFACE-STATES; NANORIBBONS; TRANSPORT; BI2TE3 AB Topological insulators are unique electronic materials with insulating interiors and robust metallic surfaces. Device applications exploiting their remarkable properties have so far been hampered by the difficulty to electrically tune the Fermi levels of both bulk and thin film samples. Here we show experimentally that single-crystal nanowires of the topological insulator Bi2Se3 can be used as the conduction channel in high-performance field effect transistor (FET), a basic circuit building block. Its current-voltage characteristics are superior to many of those reported for semiconductor nanowire transistors, including sharp turn-on, nearly zero cutoff current, very large On/Off current ratio, and well-saturated output current. The metallic electron transport at the surface with good FET effective mobility can be effectively separated from the conduction of bulk Bi2Se3 and adjusted by field effect at a small gate voltage. This opens up a suite of potential applications in nanoelectronics and spintronics. C1 [Zhu, Hao; Yuan, Hui; Li, Haitao; Arab, Abbas; Ioannou, Dimitris E.; Li, Qiliang] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. [Zhu, Hao; Richter, Curt A.; Jang, Hyuk-Jae; Yuan, Hui; Li, Haitao; Kirillov, Oleg; Li, Qiliang] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Erhai] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. [Bonevich, John E.] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kimes, William A.; Maslar, James E.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Richter, CA (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Curt.Richter@nist.gov; qli6@gmu.edu RI Jang, Hyuk-Jae/H-7904-2013; Zhao, Erhai/B-3463-2010; Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015 OI Zhao, Erhai/0000-0001-8954-1601; Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695 FU US NIST [60NANB11D148]; US NSF [ECCS-0846649]; Virginia Microelectronics Consortium Research Grant FX The work described here was supported by US NIST Grant 60NANB11D148, US NSF Grant ECCS-0846649 and Virginia Microelectronics Consortium Research Grant. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 12 U2 146 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD APR 30 PY 2013 VL 3 AR 1757 DI 10.1038/srep01757 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 134AJ UT WOS:000318181700005 ER PT J AU Yao, NY Gorshkov, AV Laumann, CR Lauchli, AM Ye, J Lukin, MD AF Yao, N. Y. Gorshkov, A. V. Laumann, C. R. Laeuchli, A. M. Ye, J. Lukin, M. D. TI Realizing Fractional Chern Insulators in Dipolar Spin Systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLAR-MOLECULES; QUANTUM AB Strongly correlated quantum systems can exhibit exotic behavior controlled by topology. We predict that the nu = 1/2 fractional Chern insulator arises naturally in a two-dimensional array of driven, dipolar-interacting spins. As a specific implementation, we analyze how to prepare and detect synthetic gauge potentials for the rotational excitations of ultracold polar molecules trapped in a deep optical lattice. With the motion of the molecules pinned, under certain conditions, these rotational excitations form a fractional Chern insulating state. We present a detailed experimental blueprint for its realization and demonstrate that the implementation is consistent with near-term capabilities. Prospects for the realization of such phases in solid-state dipolar systems are discussed as are their possible applications. C1 [Yao, N. Y.; Laumann, C. R.; Lukin, M. D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gorshkov, A. V.] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat & Matter, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Laumann, C. R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Laeuchli, A. M.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Ye, J.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Yao, NY (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008; Lauchli, Andreas/B-1930-2008; Yao, Norman/A-3929-2009 OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421; Lauchli, Andreas/0000-0002-2272-2691; Yao, Norman/0000-0003-0194-7266 FU NSF; DOE [FG02-97ER25308]; CUA; DARPA; AFOSR MURI; NIST; Lawrence Golub Fellowship; Lee A. DuBridge Foundation; IQIM; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX We gratefully acknowledge the insights of P. Zoller, E. Demler, and S. Bennett. We thank M. Hafezi, A. Chandran, N. Lindner, S. Stellmer, F. Schreck, W. Campbell, A. M. Rey, J. Preskill, K. Hazzard, S. Manmana, E. M. Stoudenmire, S. Todadri, and J. Alicea for helpful discussions. This work was supported, in part, by the NSF, DOE (FG02-97ER25308), CUA, DARPA, AFOSR MURI, NIST, Lawrence Golub Fellowship, Lee A. DuBridge Foundation, IQIM and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. NR 48 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 29 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 18 AR 185302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.185302 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 145KK UT WOS:000319014400004 PM 23683213 ER PT J AU White, VC Morado, JF Crosson, LM Vadopalas, B Friedman, CS AF White, Vanessa C. Morado, J. Frank Crosson, Lisa M. Vadopalas, Brent Friedman, Carolyn S. TI Development and validation of a quantitative PCR assay for Ichthyophonus spp. SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Ichthyophonus sp.; qPCR; Validation; Detection methods; Theragra chalcogramma ID REAL-TIME PCR; FLOUNDER LIMANDA-FERRUGINEA; SWEDISH WEST-COAST; CHINOOK SALMON; YUKON RIVER; NOVA-SCOTIA; NORTH-SEA; HOFERI; POPULATIONS; INFECTIONS AB Members of the genus Ichthyophonus are trophically transmitted, cosmopolitan parasites that affect numerous fish species worldwide. A quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay specific for genus Ichthyophonus 18S ribosomal DNA was developed for parasite detection and surveillance. The new assay was tested for precision, repeatability, reproducibility, and both analytical sensitivity and specificity. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were estimated using tissue samples from a wild population of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma. Ichthyophonus sp. presence in tissue samples was determined by qPCR, conventional PCR (cPCR), and histology. Parasite prevalence estimates varied depending upon the detection method employed and tissue type tested. qPCR identified the greatest number of Ichthyophonus sp.-positive cases when applied to walleye pollock skeletal muscle. The qPCR assay proved sensitive and specific for Ichthyophonus spp. DNA, but like cPCR, is only a proxy for infection. When compared to cPCR, qPCR possesses added benefits of parasite DNA quantification and a 100-fold increase in analytical sensitivity. Because this novel assay is specific for known members of the genus, it is likely appropriate for detecting Ichthyophonus spp. DNA in various hosts from multiple regions. However, species-level identification and isotype variability would require DNA sequencing. In addition to distribution and prevalence applications, this assay could be modified and adapted for use with zooplankton or environmental samples. Such applications could aid in investigating alternate routes of transmission and life history strategies typical to members of the genus Ichthyophonus. C1 [White, Vanessa C.; Morado, J. Frank] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Crosson, Lisa M.; Vadopalas, Brent; Friedman, Carolyn S.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP White, VC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM vanessa.white@noaa.gov OI Vadopalas, Brent/0000-0002-1791-2095 NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 23 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD APR 29 PY 2013 VL 104 IS 1 BP 69 EP 81 DI 10.3354/dao02579 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 137KE UT WOS:000318433900007 PM 23670081 ER PT J AU Merryfield, WJ Lee, WS Wang, W Chen, M Kumar, A AF Merryfield, W. J. Lee, W. -S. Wang, W. Chen, M. Kumar, A. TI Multi-system seasonal predictions of Arctic sea ice SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE seasonal prediction; multi-model ensembles; sea ice prediction ID MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLES; PREDICTABILITY; SKILL; MODEL; GCM AB The utility of multi-system, coupled model-based seasonal predictions of Arctic sea ice area and extent is investigated for combined predictions from the Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) and Canadian Seasonal to Interannual Prediction System (CanSIPS) operational seasonal forecasting systems, which are among the first to have sea ice as a prognostic variable. Forecast skills for predictions of total anomalies and departures from long-term linear trends are examined both for the individual systems and the combined forecasts, and are compared against simple predictions such as damped anomaly persistence. Results indicate that the tendency for climate forecasts based on combined output from multiple prediction systems to outperform any one system, demonstrated previously for global variables such as temperature and precipitation, is realized for predictions of Arctic sea ice as well. C1 [Merryfield, W. J.; Lee, W. -S.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada. [Wang, W.; Chen, M.; Kumar, A.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Merryfield, WJ (reprint author), Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, POB 3065 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada. EM bill.merryfield@ec.gc.ca FU Government of Canada through the Beaufort Regional Environmental Assessment FX Valuable comments and suggestions were provided by Slava Kharin and Greg Flato. Dirk Notz is thanked for helpful discussions and for sharing a pre-publication manuscript. This work was supported by the Government of Canada through the Beaufort Regional Environmental Assessment. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1551 EP 1556 DI 10.1002/grl.50317 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 148BR UT WOS:000319217800018 ER PT J AU Parrish, DD Law, KS Staehelin, J Derwent, R Cooper, OR Tanimoto, H Volz-Thomas, A Gilge, S Scheel, HE Steinbacher, M Chan, E AF Parrish, D. D. Law, K. S. Staehelin, J. Derwent, R. Cooper, O. R. Tanimoto, H. Volz-Thomas, A. Gilge, S. Scheel, H. -E. Steinbacher, M. Chan, E. TI Lower tropospheric ozone at northern midlatitudes: Changing seasonal cycle SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ozone; troposphere; seasonal cycle; northern mid-latitudes ID ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; SURFACE OZONE; INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT; TRENDS; VARIABILITY; STRATOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY; EUROPE; PERIOD; EXCHANGE AB At northern midlatitudes the abundance of tropospheric O3 has increased by a factor of approximately 2 since the 1950s. The cause of this increase is generally attributed to increasing anthropogenic precursor emissions, but present chemical and transport models cannot quantitatively reproduce its magnitude. Here we show another manifestation of changes in O3 abundancea shift of the seasonal cycle at northern midlatitudes so that the observed peak concentrations now appear earlier in the year than in previous decades. The rate of this shift has been 3 to 6days per decade since the 1970s. We examine possible reasons to explain this shift and suggest it is due to changes in atmospheric transport patterns combined with spatial and temporal changes in emissions. Detailed modeling is necessary to test these hypotheses; this investigation will provide useful guidance for improving global chemistry-climate models and stringent tests of the model results. C1 [Parrish, D. D.; Cooper, O. R.] NOAA ESRL Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Law, K. S.] Univ Paris 06, Paris, France. [Law, K. S.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Paris, France. [Law, K. S.] CNRS INSU, Paris, France. [Staehelin, J.] ETHZ, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Derwent, R.] Rdscientific, Newbury, Berks, England. [Cooper, O. R.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tanimoto, H.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Volz-Thomas, A.] Forschungszentrum Julich, IEK 8, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Gilge, S.] German Meteorol Serv DWD, Hohenpeissenberg Meteorol Observ, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. [Scheel, H. -E.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMK IFU, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Steinbacher, M.] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol EMPA, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Chan, E.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Parrish, DD (reprint author), NOAA ESRL Chem Sci Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. EM David.D.Parrish@noaa.gov RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Tanimoto, Hiroshi/E-6779-2010; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Volz-Thomas, Andreas/J-7223-2012; Steinbacher, Martin/B-7424-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Derwent, Richard/0000-0003-4498-645X; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Tanimoto, Hiroshi/0000-0002-5424-9923; Volz-Thomas, Andreas/0000-0003-3700-1667; Steinbacher, Martin/0000-0002-7195-8115; FU NOAA's Climate Change and Health of the Atmosphere Programs; European Union Framework 7 (FP7) IP project PEGASOS [FP7-ENV-2010/265148] FX oThe authors are grateful to P.G. Simmonds and T.G Spain for providing the Mace Head data, to A.J. Manning for sorting the Mace Head data into baseline and nonbaseline observations, to U.S. National Park Service for providing Lassen NP data. D. Parrish acknowledges support from NOAA's Climate Change and Health of the Atmosphere Programs. K.S. Law acknowledges support from the European Union Framework 7 (FP7) IP project PEGASOS (FP7-ENV-2010/265148). We acknowledge the free use of tropospheric NO2 column data from the GOME and SCIAMACHY sensors from www.temis.nl. NR 32 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 53 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1631 EP 1636 DI 10.1002/grl.50303 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 148BR UT WOS:000319217800031 ER PT J AU Dudowicz, J Freed, KF Douglas, JF AF Dudowicz, Jacek Freed, Karl F. Douglas, Jack F. TI Solvation of polymers as mutual association. I. General theory SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BASIC THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; CRITICAL SOLUTION TEMPERATURES; PHASE-SEPARATION; LATTICE MODEL; LIVING POLYMERIZATION; SUPRAMOLECULAR POLYMERIZATION; EQUILIBRIUM POLYMERIZATION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SCATTERING PROPERTIES; POLYETHYLENE OXIDE AB A Flory-Huggins (FH) type lattice theory of self-assembly is generalized to describe the equilibrium solvation of long polymer chains B by small solvent molecules A. Solvation is modeled as a thermally reversible mutual association between the polymer and a relatively low molar mass solvent. The FH Helmholtz free energy F is derived for a mixture composed of the A and B species and the various possible mutual association complexes A(i)B, and F is then used to generate expressions for basic thermodynamic properties of solvated polymer solutions, including the size distribution of the solvated clusters, the fraction of solvent molecules contained in solvated states (an order parameter for solvation), the specific heat (which exhibits a maximum at the solvation transition), the second and the third osmotic virial coefficients, and the boundaries for phase stability of the mixture. Special attention is devoted to the analysis of the "entropic" contribution chi(s) to the FH interaction parameter chi of polymer solutions, both with and without associative interactions. The entropic chi(s) parameter arises from correlations associated with polymer chain connectivity and disparities in molecular structure between the components of the mixture. Our analysis provides the first explanation of the longstanding enigma of why chi(s) for polymer solutions significantly exceeds chi(s) for binary polymer blends. Our calculations also reveal that chi(s) becomes temperature dependent when interactions are strong, in sharp contrast to models currently being used for fitting thermodynamic data of associating polymer-solvent mixtures, where chi(s) is simply assumed to be an adjustable constant based on experience with solutions of homopolymers in nonassociating solvents. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dudowicz, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-1111918] FX This research is supported, in part, by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No. CHE-1111918. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 28 PY 2013 VL 138 IS 16 AR 164901 DI 10.1063/1.4800074 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 138ZK UT WOS:000318550800065 PM 23635165 ER PT J AU Dudowicz, J Freed, KF Douglas, JF AF Dudowicz, Jacek Freed, Karl F. Douglas, Jack F. TI Solvation of polymers as mutual association. II. Basic thermodynamic properties SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-SEPARATION; POLYETHYLENE OXIDE; CRITICAL-POINT; BEHAVIOR; WATER; TEMPERATURE; CROSSOVER; MIXTURES; PRESSURE; DIAGRAMS AB The theory of equilibrium solvation of polymers B by a relatively low molar mass solvent A, developed in the simplest form in Paper I, is used to explore some essential trends in basic thermodynamic properties of solvated polymer solutions, such as the equilibrium concentrations of solvated polymers A(i)B and free solvent molecules A, the mass distribution phi(AiB) (i) of solvated clusters, the extent of solvation of the polymer phi(solv), the solvation transition lines T-solv (phi(o)(B)), the specific heat C-V, the osmotic second virial coefficient B-2, phase stability boundaries, and the critical temperatures associated with closed loop phase diagrams. We discuss the differences between the basic thermodynamic properties of solvated polymers and those derived previously for hierarchical mutual association processes involving the association of two different species A and B into AB complexes and the subsequent polymerization of these AB complexes into linear polymeric structures. The properties of solvated polymer solutions are also compared to those for solutions of polymers in a self-associating solvent. Closed loop phase diagrams for solvated polymer solutions arise in the theory from the competition between the associative and van der Waals interactions, a behavior also typical for dispersed molecular and nanoparticle species that strongly associate with the host fluid. Our analysis of the temperature dependence of the second osmotic virial coefficient reveals that the theory must be generalized to describe the association of multiple solvent molecules with each chain monomer, and this complex extension of the present model will be developed in subsequent papers aimed at a quantitative rather than qualitative treatment of solvated polymer solutions. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dudowicz, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-1111918] FX This research is supported, in part, by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No. CHE-1111918. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 28 PY 2013 VL 138 IS 16 AR 164902 DI 10.1063/1.4800082 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 138ZK UT WOS:000318550800066 PM 23635166 ER PT J AU Michalsky, J LeBaron, B AF Michalsky, Joseph LeBaron, Brock TI Fifteen-year aerosol optical depth climatology for Salt Lake City SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INSTRUMENT; AERONET AB Aerosol optical depth (AOD) and its wavelength dependence have been measured for the past 15 years in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area using a multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer. The instrument has not experienced a major hardware failure. It has been continuously field calibrated for extraterrestrial responses in its five aerosol channels. The instrument's cosine response was measured in 1996 and again in 2012. In our analysis of this 15 year data set, linear interpolation of these two cosine responses was used to approximate the angular response between the two characterizations. The Salt Lake City aerosol burden increased through the mid-2000s, but has dropped to its lowest level of the record since that time despite a population increase of approximately 25%. Annually, the aerosol burden is highest in midspring and midsummer with relatively coarse aerosols during the spring peak and fine aerosols during the summer peak. There is no indication of a diurnal cycle in AOD. There is a significant, but low, correlation between PM2.5 and 500 nm AOD, and a slightly lower correlation between PM10 and 500 nm AOD. The correlations between the surface-based measurements and total column AOD explain only 13% and 9% of the variance, respectively. Measurements are continuing to track future trends. C1 [Michalsky, Joseph] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [LeBaron, Brock] State Utah, Dept Environm Qual, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Michalsky, J (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway R-GMD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM joseph.michalsky@noaa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Goddard Institute for Space Studies FX The authors would like to thank Ellsworth Dutton and John Augustine for advice in regard to several aspects of this paper. Kimberly Kreykes in the Utah Department of Environmental Quality supplied the PM2.5 and PM10 data. The MFRSR instrument was originally purchased with a grant from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Goddard Institute for Space Studies. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 8 BP 3271 EP 3277 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50329 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 155JQ UT WOS:000319744200020 ER PT J AU Van Dam, B Helmig, D Burkhart, JF Obrist, D Oltmans, SJ AF Van Dam, Brie Helmig, Detlev Burkhart, John F. Obrist, Daniel Oltmans, Samuel J. TI Springtime boundary layer O-3 and GEM depletion at Toolik Lake, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE DEPLETION; POLAR SUNRISE; SURFACE OZONE; NY-ALESUND; SNOW; CHEMISTRY; ICE; GREENLAND; SVALBARD AB Atmospheric surface ozone (O-3) was measured at Toolik Lake, Alaska, from September 2010 to August 2011, along with winter and springtime (January-May) measurements of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM). Concurrent episodic springtime depletion of both O-3 and GEM was observed between April and May 2011. To investigate these depletion events, surface O-3 measurements from Toolik Lake were compared with similar measurements from Barrow, the only Alaskan site available to use as an indicator of conditions at the Arctic Ocean coastline. Barrow is located approximately 400 km to the northwest of Toolik Lake. In all cases where O-3 and GEM depletion was observed at Toolik Lake, similar O-3 depletion events (ODEs) were observed at Barrow. Conversely, in over half of the instances where ODEs were observed at Barrow, no such events were recorded at Toolik Lake. The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART was utilized to interpret the transport conditions and potential influence of oceanic air masses on depletion events observed at Toolik Lake. These analyses indicate that ODEs observed at Toolik Lake are correlated with depletion events observed at Barrow when the prevailing airflow is from the north and the air mass has spent substantial time over the Arctic Ocean or coast within the previous week. These observations suggest that coastal O-3 and GEM-depleted air masses are likely transported from the Arctic Ocean up to similar to 200 km inland and to at least an altitude of 700 m above sea level. These observations underscore that O-3 and GEM depletion events impact not just the Arctic coastal zone but also extensive inland areas with possible implications for the cycling and bioavailability of mercury (Hg) to inland Arctic ecosystems. C1 [Van Dam, Brie; Helmig, Detlev] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Burkhart, John F.] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Kjeller, Norway. [Burkhart, John F.] Univ Calif, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA USA. [Obrist, Daniel] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Oltmans, Samuel J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Oltmans, Samuel J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Helmig, D (reprint author), Campus Box 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Detlev.Helmig@Colorado.edu RI Burkhart, John/B-7095-2008; OI Burkhart, John/0000-0002-5587-1693; Van Dam, Brie/0000-0003-4604-5215 FU National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs [NSF-OPP-07-1399]; NSF LTER program; VAUUAV project of the Norwegian Research Council [184724] FX This research is funded by the National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs grant NSF-OPP-07-1399 and the NSF LTER program. The authors would like to thank CH2MHill Polar Services and Polar Field Services for logistical support, as well as the Toolik Field Station staff for help with the experiment. J. Hueber, B. Seok, and P. Boylan from INSTAAR at the University of Colorado, and M. Dziobak, C. Toro, and L. Kramer from Michigan Technological University provided assistance with the field project. Wind direction data used for comparison were provided by the Toolik Field Station Environmental Data Center. Funding for the FLEXPART analysis was provided through the VAUUAV project of the Norwegian Research Council (#184724). NR 48 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 8 BP 3382 EP 3391 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50213 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 155JQ UT WOS:000319744200030 ER PT J AU Stephenson, AP Schneider, JA Nelson, BC Atha, DH Jain, A Soliman, KFA Aschner, M Mazzio, E Reams, RR AF Stephenson, Adrienne P. Schneider, Jeffrey A. Nelson, Bryant C. Atha, Donald H. Jain, Ashok Soliman, Karam F. A. Aschner, Michael Mazzio, Elizabeth Reams, R. Renee TI Manganese-induced oxidative DNA damage in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells: Attenuation of thymine base lesions by glutathione and N-acetylcysteine SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE DNA damage; Oxidative stress; Manganese; SH-SY5Y cells; Antioxidants; Thymine base ID HUMAN NEUROBLASTOMA-CELLS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; CATALYZED AUTOXIDATION; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; BLASTOMA CELLS; PC12 CELLS; DOPAMINE; NEUROTOXICITY; STRESS; EXPRESSION AB Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element required for normal function and development. However, exposure to this metal at elevated levels may cause manganism, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with neurological symptoms similar to idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). Elevated body burdens of Mn from exposure to parental nutrition, vapors in mines and smelters and welding fumes have been associated with neurological health concerns. The underlying mechanism of Mn neurotoxicity remains unclear. Accordingly, the present study was designed to investigate the toxic effects of Mn2+ in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Mn2+ caused a concentration dependent decrease in SH-SY5Y cellular viability compared to controls. The LD50 value was 12.98 mu M Mn2+ (p < 0.001 for control vs. 24 h Mn treatment). Both TUNEL and annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) apoptosis assays confirmed the induction of apoptosis in the cells following exposure to Mn2+ (2 mu M, 62 mu M or 125 mu M). In addition, Mn2+ induced both the formation and accumulation of DNA single strand breaks (via alkaline comet assay analysis) and oxidatively modified thymine bases (via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis). Pre-incubation of the cells with characteristic antioxidants, either 1 mM N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or 1 mM glutathione (GSH) reduced the level of DNA strand breaks and the formation of thymine base lesions, suggesting protection against oxidative cellular damage. Our findings indicate that (1) exposure of SH-SY5Y cells to Mn promotes both the formation and accumulation of oxidative DNA damage, (2) SH-SY5Y cells with accumulated DNA damage are more likely to die via an apoptotic pathway and (3) the accumulated levels of DNA damage can be abrogated by the addition of exogenous chemical antioxidants. This is the first known report of Mn2+-induction and antioxidant protection of thymine lesions in this SH-SY5Y cell line and contributes new information to the potential use of antioxidants as a therapeutic strategy for protection against Mn2+-induced oxidative DNA damage. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stephenson, Adrienne P.; Jain, Ashok; Soliman, Karam F. A.; Mazzio, Elizabeth; Reams, R. Renee] Florida A&M Univ, Coll Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Schneider, Jeffrey A.; Nelson, Bryant C.; Atha, Donald H.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Aschner, Michael] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Stephenson, AP (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Coll Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Room 127 Dyson Bldg,1520 Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. EM adrienne.stephenson@fldoe.org; jschneid90@gmail.com; bryant.nelson@nist.gov; donald.atha@nist.gov; ashok.jain@asurams.edu; karam.soliman@famu.edu; michael.aschner@vanderbilt.edu; Elizabeth.Mazzio@famu.edu; renee.reams@famu.edu FU Association of Minority Health Professions Schools, Inc. (AMPHS); ATS/DR [3U50TS473408-05W1/CFDA, 93.161]; NIEHS/ARCH [5S11ES01187-05]; NIEHS [R01 ES10653]; Florida A&M University RCMI [2G12RR03020-25/NCRR/RCMI] FX We are appreciative of support from the following funding agencies: Association of Minority Health Professions Schools, Inc. (AMPHS) and the ATS/DR Cooperative Agreement Number: 3U50TS473408-05W1/CFDA Number 93.161 (RRR) NIEHS/ARCH 5S11ES01187-05 (RRR) and NIEHS R01 ES10653 (MA). Florida A&M University RCMI Grant # 2G12RR03020-25/NCRR/RCMI (KFAS). NR 44 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD APR 26 PY 2013 VL 218 IS 3 BP 299 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.12.024 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 114IQ UT WOS:000316734700015 PM 23296100 ER PT J AU Sorte, EG Bowman, RC Majzoub, EH Verkuijlen, MHW Udovic, TJ Conradi, MS AF Sorte, Eric G. Bowman, Robert C., Jr. Majzoub, Eric H. Verkuijlen, Margriet H. W. Udovic, Terrence J. Conradi, Mark S. TI Mobile Species in NaAIH(4) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE NMR; HYDROGEN STORAGE MATERIALS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ALUMINUM HYDRIDES; SODIUM ALANATE; DOPED NAALH4; MAS NMR; DEHYDROGENATION; NA3ALH6; AL-27 AB Sodium alanate (NaAlH4) is the archetypical complex (ionic-covalent) hydride compound for hydrogen storage applications. However, the details of the reactions of this compound upon hydrogen cycling remain unclear. Recently, a new mobile aluminum containing species termed S105 was discovered in the hydrogen chemistry of sodium alanate using in situ NMR with S105 a likely facilitator of Al-atom transport in NaAlH4. Here, we find that hydroxide impurities play a crucial role in the formation of the mobile species. Specifically, in bare NaAlH4, S105 is present after melting (under sufficient hydrogen pressure to block the dehydriding reaction) only in samples either exposed to H2O vapor or mixed with metal hydroxides. We find that the Al-27 line position of S105 is close to that of NaAlH4 (after correcting for second-order quadrupole effects), indicating that S105 involves very mobile AlH4- tetrahedra (rotationally and translationally). We propose that hydroxide impurities promote fast diffusion of nearby AlH4- units, similar to enhanced motions seen in NaH; the hydroxides also react with NaAlH4 to form NaH and subsequently produce Na3AlH6, which is always found to accompany S105. Our measurements reveal that the only chemical components of S105-containing alanate apart from hydroxides are NaAlH4 and Na3AlH6. Presence of the S105 species in NaAlH4 samples also leads to faster dehydriding in hot, undoped NaAlH4 solid, pointing to an enhancement of the hydrogen reaction kinetics by S105. C1 [Sorte, Eric G.; Conradi, Mark S.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Bowman, Robert C., Jr.] RCB Hydrides LLC, Franklin, OH 45005 USA. [Majzoub, Eric H.] Univ Missouri, Ctr Nanosci, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Majzoub, Eric H.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Verkuijlen, Margriet H. W.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Mol & Mat, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Udovic, Terrence J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sorte, EG (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Phys, 1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM esorte@physics.wustl.edu; msc@wustl.edu OI Sorte, Eric/0000-0002-5489-4762 FU DOE [DE-FG02-05ER46256]; NWO FX We thank J. A. Surface for assistance with the Raman spectroscopy measurements, J. Gao for synthesis of melt-infiltrated NaAIH4/C, and D. Osborn and D. Zhao (both at UMSL) for help in collecting the XRD data. We also thank J. J. Vajo and J. Graetz for valuable conversations. The authors gratefully acknowledge support from DOE Basic Energy Sciences Grant DE-FG02-05ER46256. The author M.H.W.V. gratefully acknowledges support of NWO for the "Solid State NMR facility for Advanced Materials Science" in Nijmegen. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD APR 25 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 16 BP 8105 EP 8113 DI 10.1021/jp401134t PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 134LH UT WOS:000318211200019 ER PT J AU Carasso, AS AF Carasso, Alfred S. TI Hazardous Continuation Backward in Time in Nonlinear Parabolic Equations, and an Experiment in Deblurring Nonlinearly Blurred Imagery SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE advection dispersion equation; backward parabolic equations; hydrologic inversion; image deblurring; ill-posed continuation; non-uniqueness; Van Cittert iteration ID POLLUTION SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; DIFFUSION AB Identifying sources of ground water pollution, and deblurring nanoscale imagery as well as astronomical galaxy images, are two important applications involving numerical computation of parabolic equations backward in time. Surprisingly, very little is known about backward continuation in nonlinear parabolic equations. In this paper, an iterative procedure originating in spectroscopy in the 1930's, is adapted into a useful tool for solving a wide class of 2D nonlinear backward parabolic equations. In addition, previously unsuspected difficulties are uncovered that may preclude useful backward continuation in parabolic equations deviating too strongly from the linear, autonomous, self adjoint, canonical model. This paper explores backward continuation in selected 2D nonlinear equations, by creating fictitious blurred images obtained by using several sharp images as initial data in these equations, and capturing the corresponding solutions at some positive time T. Successful backward continuation from t = T to t = 0, would recover the original sharp image. Visual recognition provides meaningful evaluation of the degree of success or failure in the reconstructed solutions. Instructive examples are developed, illustrating the unexpected influence of certain types of nonlinearities. Visually and statistically indistinguishable blurred images are presented, with vastly different deblurring results. These examples indicate that how an image is nonlinearly blurred is critical, in addition to the amount of blur. The equations studied represent nonlinear generalizations of Brownian motion, and the blurred images may be interpreted as visually expressing the results of novel stochastic processes. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Carasso, AS (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alfred.carasso@nist.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD APR 24 PY 2013 VL 118 BP 199 EP 217 DI 10.6028/jres.118.010 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 140WU UT WOS:000318687900001 PM 26401430 ER PT J AU Yu, WM Peri, SR Akgun, B Foster, MD AF Yu, Wumin Peri, Someswara R. Akgun, Bulent Foster, Mark D. TI Manipulation of Polymer/Polymer Interface Width from Nonequilibrium Deposition SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE solution coating; polyimide; polymer interface; peel test; neutron reflectivity; fracture surface ID IMMISCIBLE POLYMERS; ADHESION; FILMS; FRACTURE; PERVAPORATION; ENTANGLEMENTS; DISSOLUTION; SEPARATION; MEMBRANES; VELOCITY AB We demonstrate, using neutron reflectivity, that the width of a nonequilibrium interface between an organo-soluble aromatic polyimide film and triacetate cellulose (TAC) support film created by spin-coating or solution-casting can be broadened in a controllable way using a "swelling agent" in the deposition process. In a favorable case, the adhesion, as measured by T-peel tests, can be increased by a factor of 7 by adjustment of the solvent composition. The morphologies of the. TAC fractured surfaces after peeling tests measured by AFM reveal that broadening of the interfacial width causes an interconnected network in the interface, leading to a sharp increase in the interfacial adhesion. Differences in the chemistry (solubility) of the materials being deposited do make a difference in the effectiveness of this strategy of using a "swelling agent". For one polyimide, a 3-fold increase in adhesion can be obtained by optimizing the deposition temperature, but this approach for improving adhesion is less effective than that of adding "swelling agent". The formation of robust interfaces of this type is important because of the critical roles that multilayer films containing polymers with special properties and tailored structures play in applications as diverse as computer displays, photovoltaic devices, and polymeric electronics. The "swelling agent" strategy makes it possible to produce polymer multilayer structures in a cost-effective way with roll-to-roll mass production using direct solution coating. C1 [Yu, Wumin; Peri, Someswara R.; Foster, Mark D.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Scence & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Bogazici Univ, Istanbul, Turkey. RP Foster, MD (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, 170 Univ Ave, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM mfoster@uakron.edu RI Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011 FU Wright Center of Innovation; DURIP [W911NF-09-1-0122, W911NF-10-1-0167]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce FX Research support from a Wright Center of Innovation Grant and DURIP grants W911NF-09-1-0122 and W911NF-10-1-0167. We acknowledge support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. Commercial materials, instruments and equipment are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the materials, instruments, or equipment identified are necessarily best available for the purpose. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD APR 24 PY 2013 VL 5 IS 8 BP 2976 EP 2984 DI 10.1021/am3022587 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 134JA UT WOS:000318205000023 PM 23560512 ER PT J AU Lee, Y Micheals, RJ Filliben, JJ Phillips, PJ AF Lee, Yooyoung Micheals, Ross J. Filliben, James J. Phillips, P. Jonathon TI VASIR: An Open-Source Research Platform for Advanced Iris Recognition Technologies SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE benchmark; biometrics; feature extraction; image quality; iris recognition; open-source; research platform; segmentation; VASIR ID RAPID OBJECT DETECTION; FEATURES; CURVES AB The performance of iris recognition systems is frequently affected by input image quality, which in turn is vulnerable to less-than-optimal conditions due to illuminations, environments, and subject characteristics (e. g., distance, movement, face/body visibility, blinking, etc.). VASIR (Video-based Automatic System for Iris Recognition) is a state-of-the-art NIST-developed iris recognition software platform designed to systematically address these vulnerabilities. We developed VASIR as a research tool that will not only provide a reference (to assess the relative performance of alternative algorithms) for the biometrics community, but will also advance (via this new emerging iris recognition paradigm) NIST's measurement mission. VASIR is designed to accommodate both ideal (e. g., classical still images) and less-than-ideal images (e. g., face-visible videos). VASIR has three primary modules: 1) Image Acquisition 2) Video Processing, and 3) Iris Recognition. Each module consists of several sub-components that have been optimized by use of rigorous orthogonal experiment design and analysis techniques. We evaluated VASIR performance using the MBGC (Multiple Biometric Grand Challenge) NIR (Near-Infrared) face-visible video dataset and the ICE (Iris Challenge Evaluation) 2005 still-based dataset. The results showed that even though VASIR was primarily developed and optimized for the less-constrained video case, it still achieved high verification rates for the traditional still-image case. For this reason, VASIR may be used as an effective baseline for the biometrics community to evaluate their algorithm performance, and thus serves as a valuable research platform. C1 [Lee, Yooyoung; Micheals, Ross J.; Phillips, P. Jonathon] NIST, ITL, IAD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Filliben, James J.] NIST, ITL, SED, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, Y (reprint author), NIST, ITL, IAD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yooyoung.lee@nist.gov; ross.micheals@nist.gov; james.filliben@nist.gov; jonathon.phillips@nist.gov NR 44 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 11 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD APR 23 PY 2013 VL 118 BP 218 EP 259 DI 10.6028/jres.118.011 PG 42 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 140WW UT WOS:000318688100001 PM 26401431 ER PT J AU Goldman, N Dalibard, J Dauphin, A Gerbier, F Lewenstein, M Zoller, P Spielman, IB AF Goldman, Nathan Dalibard, Jean Dauphin, Alexandre Gerbier, Fabrice Lewenstein, Maciej Zoller, Peter Spielman, Ian B. TI Direct imaging of topological edge states in cold-atom systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE optical lattices; degenerate atomic gases; quantum Hall effects; chiral edge states ID QUANTIZED HALL CONDUCTANCE; OPTICAL LATTICES; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; NEUTRAL ATOMS; INSULATORS; GASES AB Detecting topological order in cold-atom experiments is an ongoing challenge, the resolution of which offers novel perspectives on topological matter. In material systems, unambiguous signatures of topological order exist for topological insulators and quantum Hall devices. In quantum Hall systems, the quantized conductivity and the associated robust propagating edge modes-guaranteed by the existence of nontrivial topological invariants-have been observed through transport and spectroscopy measurements. Here, we show that optical-lattice-based experiments can be tailored to directly visualize the propagation of topological edge modes. Our method is rooted in the unique capability for initially shaping the atomic gas and imaging its time evolution after suddenly removing the shaping potentials. Our scheme, applicable to an assortment of atomic topological phases, provides a method for imaging the dynamics of topological edge modes, directly revealing their angular velocity and spin structure. C1 [Goldman, Nathan; Dauphin, Alexandre] Univ Libre Brussels, Ctr Nonlinear Phenomena & Complex Syst, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Dalibard, Jean; Gerbier, Fabrice] Univ Paris 06, Ecole Normale Super, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75005 Paris, France. [Dalibard, Jean] Coll France, F-75005 Paris, France. [Dauphin, Alexandre] Univ Complutense, Dept Fis Teor, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Lewenstein, Maciej] ICFO Inst Ciencies Foton, Barcelona 08860, Spain. [Lewenstein, Maciej] ICREA Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona 08010, Spain. [Zoller, Peter] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Zoller, Peter] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Spielman, Ian B.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Spielman, Ian B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Goldman, N (reprint author), Univ Libre Brussels, Ctr Nonlinear Phenomena & Complex Syst, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. EM ngoldman@ulb.ac.be RI Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014; Dauphin, Alexandre/P-5999-2014; Lewenstein, Maciej/I-1337-2014; Gerbier, Fabrice/A-9813-2008; Dalibard, Jean/M-5648-2015 OI Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505; Dauphin, Alexandre/0000-0003-4996-2561; Lewenstein, Maciej/0000-0002-0210-7800; Dalibard, Jean/0000-0001-8469-3913 FU Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS Belgium); Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) via the project AGAFON (Artificial gauge fields on neutral atoms); European Research Council (ERC) project Quantum Gauge Theories and Ultracold Atoms (QUAGATUA); Emergences program (Ville de Paris and Universite Pierre et Marie Curie); ERC; integrated project AQUTE; Austrian Science Fund through Spezialforschungsbereich (SFB) [F40 FOQUS]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Optical Lattice Emulator (OLE) program; National Science Foundation (NSF) through the Physics Frontier Center at Joint Quantum Institute (JQI); Army Research Office (ARO); Atomtronics Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI); DARPA OLE Program FX We thank J. Beugnon, I. Bloch, G. Bulnes Cuetara, M. Muller, and S. Nascimbene for discussions. This work was supported by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS Belgium), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) via the project AGAFON (Artificial gauge fields on neutral atoms), European Research Council (ERC) project Quantum Gauge Theories and Ultracold Atoms (QUAGATUA), the Emergences program (Ville de Paris and Universite Pierre et Marie Curie), and ERC Many-Body physics in gauge fields with ultracold Yb atoms in optical lattices (ManyBo) Starting Grant. Work at Innsbruck is supported by the integrated project AQUTE, the Austrian Science Fund through Spezialforschungsbereich (SFB) F40 FOQUS, and by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Optical Lattice Emulator (OLE) program. I. B. S. acknowledges the financial support of the National Science Foundation (NSF) through the Physics Frontier Center at Joint Quantum Institute (JQI) and the Army Research Office (ARO) with funds from both the Atomtronics Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) and DARPA OLE Program. NR 36 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 38 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 23 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 17 BP 6736 EP 6741 DI 10.1073/pnas.1300170110 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 140TE UT WOS:000318677300039 PM 23569266 ER PT J AU Heeger, KM Tobin, MN Littlejohn, BR Mumm, HP AF Heeger, K. M. Tobin, M. N. Littlejohn, B. R. Mumm, H. P. TI Experimental parameters for a reactor antineutrino experiment at very short baselines SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON FISSION-PRODUCTS; OSCILLATIONS; SPECTRA; SEARCH AB Reactor antineutrinos are used to study neutrino oscillation, search for signatures of nonstandard neutrino interactions, and monitor reactor operation for safeguard applications. The flux and energy spectrum of reactor antineutrinos can be predicted from the decays of the nuclear fission products. A comparison of recent reactor calculations with past measurements at baselines of 10-100 m suggests a 7.2% deficit. Precision measurements of reactor antineutrinos at very short baselines O(1-10 m) can be used to probe this anomaly and search for possible oscillations into sterile neutrino species. This paper studies the experimental requirements for a new reactor antineutrino measurement at very short baselines and calculates the sensitivity of various scenarios. We conclude that, given proper site optimization, detector design, and background reduction, an experiment at a typical research reactor can provide 5 sigma discovery potential for the favored oscillation parameter space with 3 years of detector live time. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevD.87.073008 C1 [Heeger, K. M.; Tobin, M. N.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Littlejohn, B. R.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Mumm, H. P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Heeger, KM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM littlebh@uc.edu FU Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics [DE-FG02-95ER40896, DE-FG02-84ER-40153]; University of Wisconsin; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation FX We thank Henry Band, Jeff Cherwinka, Randy Johnson, Walter Pettus, and Thierry Lasserre for useful discussions and comments. This work was prepared with support from the Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics, under Grants No. DE-FG02-95ER40896 and No. DE-FG02-84ER-40153, the University of Wisconsin, and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR 23 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 7 AR 073008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.87.073008 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 130KA UT WOS:000317912600002 ER PT J AU Hou, HC Kirby, BJ Gao, KZ Lai, CH AF Hou, H. -C. Kirby, B. J. Gao, K. Z. Lai, C. -H. TI Characterizing formation of interfacial domain wall and exchange coupling strength in laminated exchange coupled composites SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WOHLFARTH SWITCHING FIELDS; RECORDING MEDIA; REVERSAL; PARTICLE; MAGNETS AB We have studied the N-dependent switching behavior of composite magnets, comprised of a hard CoPtCr-SiO2 (CPCS) film and a laminated soft [Pt/CPCS](N) multilayer. First order reversal curve magnetometry provides evidence of interfacial domain wall (iDW) assisted reversal for N >= 5. The magnetic depth profiles determined from polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR) explicitly demonstrate that the composite magnets are more rigidly coupled for N = 3 than for N = 7, and suggest that for N = 7 reversal occurs via formation of iDW. By fitting the PNR profile into the energy surface calculations, we can further deduce the vertical coupling strength in the laminated soft layer. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4803038] C1 [Hou, H. -C.; Lai, C. -H.] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Kirby, B. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gao, K. Z.] Seagate Technol, Bloomington, MN 55435 USA. RP Lai, CH (reprint author), Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. EM chlai@mx.nthu.edu.tw FU National Science Council of Republic of China [NSC-101-2221-E-007-049]; Hsinchu Science Park of Republic of China [101A16] FX This research was supported by National Science Council of Republic of China under Grant No. NSC-101-2221-E-007-049 and the Hsinchu Science Park of Republic of China under Grant No. 101A16. We acknowledge use of the facilities at the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 22 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 16 AR 162408 DI 10.1063/1.4803038 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 135ED UT WOS:000318269300052 ER PT J AU Levin, I Krayzman, V Woicik, JC AF Levin, Igor Krayzman, Victor Woicik, Joseph C. TI Local-structure origins of the sustained Curie temperature in (Ba,Ca)TiO3 ferroelectrics SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; BATIO3; EQUILIBRIA; KNBO3 AB While the lattice volume in the solid-solution Ba1-xCaxTiO3 decreases with increasing x, the Curie temperature remains unaffected, in contrast to Ba1-xSrxTiO3. We have determined the origin of this phenomenon by comparing the local structures in (Ba,Ca)TiO3 and (Ba,Sr)TiO3. Reverse Monte Carlo refinements of instantaneous atomic positions using simultaneous fitting of multiple types of experimental data (neutron total scattering, X-ray absorption fine structure, patterns of diffuse scattering in electron diffraction) reveal both ferroelectric Ca displacements and their amplification of the Ti off-centering, which mitigate the lattice-volume effects. The activity of Ca is triggered by the anomalously strained Ca-O bonds. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4802996] C1 [Levin, Igor; Krayzman, Victor; Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krayzman, Victor] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Levin, I (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work has benefited from the use of the Lujan Center at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, funded by the Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. Portions of this research were carried out at the (i) Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lights Source, a Directorate of the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University and (ii) National Synchrotron Light Source (NIST beamline X23A2), Brookhaven National Laboratory, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The authors are grateful to J. Siewenie (LANL) and E. Nelson (SSRL) for their technical assistance with the neutron scattering and X-ray absorption measurements, respectively. NR 24 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 74 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 22 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 16 AR 162906 DI 10.1063/1.4802996 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 135ED UT WOS:000318269300064 ER PT J AU Lahiri, B McMeekin, SG De La Rue, RM Johnson, NP AF Lahiri, Basudev McMeekin, Scott G. De La Rue, Richard M. Johnson, Nigel P. TI Enhanced Fano resonance of organic material films deposited on arrays of asymmetric split-ring resonators (A-SRRs) SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID METAMATERIALS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Depositing very thin organic films on the surface of arrays of asymmetric split-ring resonators (A-SRRs) produces a shift in their resonance spectra that can be utilized for sensitive analyte detection. Here we show that when poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA) is used as an organic probe (analyte) on top of the A-SRR array, the phase and amplitude of a characteristic molecular Fano resonance associated with a carbonyl bond changes according to the spectral positions of the trapped mode resonance of the A-SRRs and their plasmonic reflection peaks. Furthermore, we localize blocks of PMMA at different locations on the A-SRR array to determine the effectiveness of detection of very small amounts of non-uniformly distributed analyte. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Lahiri, Basudev; De La Rue, Richard M.; Johnson, Nigel P.] Univ Glasgow, Sch Engn, Glasgow G12 8LT, Lanark, Scotland. [McMeekin, Scott G.] Glasgow Caledonian Univ, Sch Engn & Built Environm, Glasgow G4 0BA, Lanark, Scotland. RP Lahiri, B (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM scott.mcmeekin@gcu.ac.uk RI De La Rue, Richard/A-8202-2012; Lahiri, Basudev/I-5554-2016 FU European Commission through ECONAM; COST action [MP0702] FX We acknowledge support from the European Commission through ECONAM and the COST action MP0702 - and the staff and facilities of the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre at the University of Glasgow. We also acknowledge the use of FTIR spectrometer provided by Dr. M. Jarvis. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 49 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 22 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 8 BP 9343 EP 9352 DI 10.1364/OE.21.009343 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 133PP UT WOS:000318151600016 PM 23609645 ER PT J AU Huber, T Predojevic, A Zoubi, H Jayakumar, H Solomon, GS Weihs, G AF Huber, Tobias Predojevic, Ana Zoubi, Hashem Jayakumar, Harishankar Solomon, Glenn S. Weihs, Gregor TI Measurement and modification of biexciton-exciton time correlations SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ENTANGLED PHOTON PAIRS; SINGLE QUANTUM-DOT; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; MICROCAVITY; COMMUNICATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; ENHANCEMENT; REPEATERS AB Photons which are generated in a two-photon cascade process have an underlying time correlation since the spontaneous emission of the upper level populates the intermediate state. This correlation leads to a reduction of the purity of the photon emitted from the intermediate state. Here we characterize this time correlation for the biexciton-exciton cascade of an InAs/GaAs quantum dot. We show that the correlation can be reduced by tuning the biexciton transition in resonance to a planar distributed Bragg reflector cavity. The enhanced and inhibited emission into the cavity accelerates the biexciton emission and slows down the exciton emission thus reduces the correlation and increases the purity of the exciton photon. This is essential for schemes like creating time-bin entangled photon pairs from quantum dot systems. (c) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Huber, Tobias; Predojevic, Ana; Zoubi, Hashem; Jayakumar, Harishankar; Weihs, Gregor] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Zoubi, Hashem] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. [Weihs, Gregor] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Huber, T (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, Tech Str 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM tobias.huber@uibk.ac.at RI Predojevic, Ana/D-5884-2014; Weihs, Gregor/G-2564-2013 OI Predojevic, Ana/0000-0003-1840-0830; Weihs, Gregor/0000-0003-2260-3008 FU European Research Council (project EnSeNa); Canadian Institute for Advanced Research through its Quantum Information Processing program; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through Lise Meitner Postdoctoral Fellowship [M-1243]; Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute (PFC@JQI) FX This work was funded by the European Research Council (project EnSeNa) and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research through its Quantum Information Processing program. A.P. would like to thank the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) for the support provided through Lise Meitner Postdoctoral Fellowship M-1243. G.S.S. acknowledges partial support through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute (PFC@JQI). NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 25 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 22 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 8 BP 9890 EP 9898 DI 10.1364/OE.21.009890 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 133PP UT WOS:000318151600065 PM 23609694 ER PT J AU Goldschmidt, EA Beavan, SE Polyakov, SV Migdall, AL Sellars, MJ AF Goldschmidt, E. A. Beavan, S. E. Polyakov, S. V. Migdall, A. L. Sellars, M. J. TI Storage and retrieval of collective excitations on a long-lived spin transition in a rare-earth ion-doped crystal SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; QUANTUM MEMORY; ATOMIC ENSEMBLES; COMMUNICATION AB Robust, long-lived optical quantum memories are important components of many quantum information and communication protocols. We demonstrate coherent generation, storage, and retrieval of excitations on a long-lived spin transition via spontaneous Raman scattering in a rare-earth ion-doped crystal. We further study the time dynamics of the optical correlations in this system. This is the first demonstration of its kind in a solid and an enabling step toward realizing a solid-state quantum repeater. (c) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Goldschmidt, E. A.; Beavan, S. E.; Polyakov, S. V.; Migdall, A. L.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Goldschmidt, E. A.; Beavan, S. E.; Sellars, M. J.] Australian Natl Univ, Ctr Quantum Computat & Commun Technol, RSPE, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Goldschmidt, EA (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM egolds@nist.gov RI Sellars, Matthew/J-3130-2014; OI Sellars, Matthew/0000-0002-0502-0444; Goldschmidt, Elizabeth/0000-0002-6553-9731 FU Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology [CE110001029] FX S.E.B. and M.J.S. would like to acknowledge the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology (Project No. CE110001029) NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 24 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 22 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 8 BP 10087 EP 10094 DI 10.1364/OE.21.010087 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 133PP UT WOS:000318151600084 PM 23609713 ER PT J AU Malherbe, J Claverie, F AF Malherbe, J. Claverie, F. TI Toward chromium speciation in solids using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry Cr K beta lines SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Hexavalent chromium; WD-XRF; Speciation; K beta transition ID NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; TRANSITION ENERGIES; EMISSION SPECTRA; SPECTROSCOPY; INTENSITIES; ENVIRONMENT; DEPENDENCE; OXIDES; SOILS AB The determination of chromium speciation in solid samples is critical for environmental and industrial purposes. Several analytical methods exist to perform such a determination either directly in solid state or liquid state after an extraction step, each of them having some limitations. In this study, the use of a high-resolution wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to determine and quantify chromium species is investigated by looking at the differences in the K beta transition profiles between Cr(0), Cr(III) and Cr(VI) compounds. Three different approaches were tested and compared to determine the Cr(VI) fraction of known mixtures: relative height and peak fitting using calibration mixtures, partial least square regression (PLS) of pure compounds, and principal component regression (PCR) of pure compounds. The accuracy of these methods was found to be about the same with an average relative error in the range of 15%. However, PLS and PCR can be easily implemented in an automated way contrary to peak fitting which can be sometimes perceived as analyst-dependant. Another advantage of using PLS and PCR is that information concerning the other oxidation states present in the sample can be retrieved. Finally, PLS and the peak height approach can be used up to 0.5% total chromium which make the XRF an alternative technique to X-ray induced photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for chromium speciation in solid state. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Malherbe, J.; Claverie, F.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Malherbe, J (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8391, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM malherbe_julien@yahoo.fr NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD APR 22 PY 2013 VL 773 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2013.02.035 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 128WO UT WOS:000317800600004 PM 23561904 ER PT J AU Warring, U Ospelkaus, C Colombe, Y Jordens, R Leibfried, D Wineland, DJ AF Warring, U. Ospelkaus, C. Colombe, Y. Joerdens, R. Leibfried, D. Wineland, D. J. TI Individual-Ion Addressing with Microwave Field Gradients SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED ATOMIC IONS; QUANTUM; MICROMOTION; STATES AB Individual-qubit addressing is a prerequisite for many instances of quantum information processing. We demonstrate this capability on trapped-ion qubits with microwave near fields delivered by electrode structures integrated into a microfabricated surface-electrode trap. We describe four approaches that may be used in quantum information experiments with hyperfine levels as qubits. We implement individual control on two Mg-25(+) ions separated by 4.3 mu m and find spin-flip crosstalk errors on the order of 10(-3). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.173002 C1 [Warring, U.; Ospelkaus, C.; Colombe, Y.; Joerdens, R.; Leibfried, D.; Wineland, D. J.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ospelkaus, C.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, QUEST, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Ospelkaus, C.] PTB, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Warring, U (reprint author), Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, Hermann Herder Str 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. EM ulrich.warring@physik.uni-freiburg.de; dil@boulder.nist.gov RI Ospelkaus, Christian/C-3612-2009; OI Ospelkaus, Christian/0000-0002-4170-2936; Jordens, Robert/0000-0001-5333-0562 FU IARPA; ARO [EAO139840]; ONR; DARPA; Sandia National Laboratories; NIST Quantum Information Program FX We thank K. R. Brown and J. M. Amini for their support in designing and building parts of the apparatus, and S. M. Brewer and J. Britton for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by IARPA, ARO Contract No. EAO139840, ONR, DARPA, Sandia National Laboratories, and the NIST Quantum Information Program. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 22 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 17 AR 173002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.173002 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 129CK UT WOS:000317815800007 PM 23679718 ER PT J AU She, CX Bryant, GW Demortiere, A Shevchenko, EV Pelton, M AF She, Chunxing Bryant, Garnett W. Demortiere, Arnaud Shevchenko, Elena V. Pelton, Matthew TI Controlling the spatial location of photoexcited electrons in semiconductor CdSe/CdS core/shell nanorods SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; ENERGY-RELAXATION; PHONON BOTTLENECK; CARRIER DYNAMICS; SEEDED GROWTH; BAND OFFSETS; NANOCRYSTALS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; MECHANISM; ROD AB It is commonly assumed that after an electron-hole pair is created in a semiconductor by absorption of a photon the electron and hole rapidly relax to their respective lowest-energy states before recombining with one another. In semiconductor heterostructure nanocrystals, however, intraband relaxation can be inhibited to the point where recombination occurs primarily from an excited state. We demonstrate this effect using time-resolved optical measurements of CdSe/CdS core/shell nanorods. For nanorods with large CdSe cores, an electron photoexcited into the lowest-energy state in the core remains in the core, and an electron photoexcited into an excited state in the CdS shell remains in the shell, until the electron recombines with the hole. This provides a means of controlling the spatial location of photoexcited electrons by excitation energy. The control over electron localization is explained in terms of slow relaxation into the lowest-energy electron state in the nanorods, on time scales slower than electron-hole recombination. The observation of inhibited relaxation suggests that a simple picture of band alignment is insufficient for understanding charge separation in semiconductor heterostructures. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.155427 C1 [She, Chunxing; Demortiere, Arnaud; Shevchenko, Elena V.; Pelton, Matthew] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bryant, Garnett W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bryant, Garnett W.] Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP She, CX (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Pelton, Matthew/H-7482-2013; She, Chunxing/A-1839-2010 OI Pelton, Matthew/0000-0002-6370-8765; She, Chunxing/0000-0003-0598-6545 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank S. B. Darling, D. H. Potterveld, and R. J. Holt for initiating the project that led to this work, M. S. Hybersten for helpful discussions, and D. Gosztola for assistance with transient-absorption measurements. Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Any mention of product names in this paper is solely to specify how the work was done and does not constitute endorsement or validation by NIST. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 53 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 22 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 15 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.155427 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 129FG UT WOS:000317823800008 ER PT J AU Boone, CT Nembach, HT Shaw, JM Silva, TJ AF Boone, C. T. Nembach, Hans T. Shaw, Justin M. Silva, T. J. TI Spin transport parameters in metallic multilayers determined by ferromagnetic resonance measurements of spin-pumping SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MEMORY LOSS; PD; INTERFACES; FILMS AB We measured spin-transport in nonferromagnetic (NM) metallic multilayers from the contribution to damping due to spin pumping from a ferromagnetic Co90Fe10 thin film. The multilayer stack consisted of NM1/NM2/Co90Fe10(2 nm)/NM2/NM3 with varying NM materials and thicknesses. Using conventional theory for one-dimensional diffusive spin transport in metals, we show that the effective damping due to spin pumping can be strongly affected by the spin transport properties of each NM in the multilayer, which permits the use of damping measurements to accurately determine the spin transport properties of the various NM layers in the full five-layer stack. We find that due to its high electrical resistivity, amorphous Ta is a poor spin conductor, in spite of a short spin-diffusion length of 1.0 nm, and that Pt is an excellent spin conductor by virtue of its low electrical resistivity and a spin diffusion length of only 0.5 nm. Spin Hall effect measurements may have underestimated the spin Hall angle in Pt by assuming a much longer spin diffusion length. C1 [Boone, C. T.; Nembach, Hans T.; Shaw, Justin M.; Silva, T. J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Boone, CT (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 39 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 62 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 21 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 15 AR 153906 DI 10.1063/1.4801799 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 134YJ UT WOS:000318251400035 ER PT J AU Chung, TF Shen, T Cao, HL Jauregui, LA Wu, W Yu, QK Newell, D Chen, YP AF Chung, Ting Fung Shen, Tian Cao, Helin Jauregui, Luis A. Wu, Wei Yu, Qingkai Newell, David Chen, Yong P. TI SYNTHETIC GRAPHENE GROWN BY CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION ON COPPER FOILS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B LA English DT Article DE CVD graphene; atmospheric pressure CVD growth; copper foil; Raman scattering; electronic transport ID MONOLAYER GRAPHENE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; BILAYER GRAPHENE; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; LAYER GRAPHENE; SINGLE-LAYER; FILMS; SEGREGATION; PHOTODIODES; TRANSPORT AB The discovery of graphene, a single layer of covalently bonded carbon atoms, has attracted intense interest. Initial studies using mechanically exfoliated graphene unveiled its remarkable electronic, mechanical and thermal properties. There has been a growing need and rapid development in large-area deposition of graphene film and its applications. Chemical vapor deposition on copper has emerged as one of the most promising methods in obtaining large-scale graphene films with quality comparable to exfoliated graphene. In this paper, we review the synthesis and characterizations of graphene grown on copper foil substrates by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition. We also discuss potential applications of such large-scale synthetic graphene. C1 [Chung, Ting Fung; Shen, Tian; Cao, Helin; Chen, Yong P.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jauregui, Luis A.; Chen, Yong P.] Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Chung, Ting Fung; Cao, Helin; Jauregui, Luis A.; Chen, Yong P.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Wu, Wei] Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Yu, Qingkai] SW Texas State Univ, Engn & Commercializat Program, Ingram Sch Engn & Mat Sci, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Newell, David] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, YP (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM yongchen@purdue.edu RI Cao, Helin/G-5521-2012; Chen, Yong/K-7017-2012; Chung, Ting Fung/N-8840-2014 OI Chen, Yong/0000-0002-7356-4179; Chung, Ting Fung/0000-0003-1359-4824 FU NSF; NIST; DTRA FX We acknowledge partial support from NSF, NIST and DTRA for our synthetic graphene research. NR 81 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 124 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9792 J9 INT J MOD PHYS B JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. B PD APR 20 PY 2013 VL 27 IS 10 SI SI AR 1341002 DI 10.1142/S0217979213410026 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 133YI UT WOS:000318176400003 ER PT J AU Polovina, JJ Woodworth-Jefcoats, PA AF Polovina, Jeffrey J. Woodworth-Jefcoats, Phoebe A. TI Fishery-Induced Changes in the Subtropical Pacific Pelagic Ecosystem Size Structure: Observations and Theory SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; BODY-SIZE; COMMUNITIES; PREDATORS; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS; SHARKS; SCALE; OCEAN AB We analyzed a 16-year (1996-2011) time series of catch and effort data for 23 species with mean weights ranging from 0.8 kg to 224 kg, recorded by observers in the Hawaii-based deep-set longline fishery. Over this time period, domestic fishing effort, as numbers of hooks set in the core Hawaii-based fishing ground, has increased fourfold. The standardized aggregated annual catch rate for 9 small (<15 kg) species increased about 25% while for 14 large species (>15 kg) it decreased about 50% over the 16-year period. A size-based ecosystem model for the subtropical Pacific captures this pattern well as a response to increased fishing effort. Further, the model projects a decline in the abundance of fishes larger than 15 kg results in an increase in abundance of animals from 0.1 to 15 kg but with minimal subsequent cascade to sizes smaller than 0.1 kg. These results suggest that size-based predation plays a key role in structuring the subtropical ecosystem. These changes in ecosystem size structure show up in the fishery in various ways. The non-commercial species lancetfish (mean weight 7 kg) has now surpassed the target species, bigeye tuna, as the species with the highest annual catch rate. Based on the increase in snake mackerel (mean weight 0.8 kg) and lancetfish catches, the discards in the fishery are estimated to have increased from 30 to 40% of the total catch. C1 [Polovina, Jeffrey J.; Woodworth-Jefcoats, Phoebe A.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Polovina, JJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. EM jeffrey.polovina@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 24 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 19 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 4 AR e62341 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0062341 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 130JA UT WOS:000317909500105 PM 23620824 ER PT J AU Bruno, TJ Nichols, JE AF Bruno, Thomas J. Nichols, Jessica E. TI Method and apparatus for pyrolysis-Porous layer open tubular column-Cryoadsorption headspace sampling and analysis SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Headspace analysis; Gas chromatography; PLOT-cryoadsorption; Pyrolysis ID FUEL OXYGENATE ADDITIVES; DISTILLATION CURVE METHOD; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; DIESEL FUEL; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACTIVE ODORANTS; AROMA COMPOUNDS; SWEET WINES; VORTEX TUBE; RED WINES AB In previous work, dynamic headspace vapor collection on short, porous layer open tubular (PLOT) capillary columns maintained at low temperature was introduced. In this paper, that metrology is extended with the introduction of a small in situ pyrolysis platform that provides for rapid heating and rapid vapor capture for a wide variety of samples. The new approach is referred to as pyro-PLOT-cryo. The pyrolysis platform is made from two small copper lead wires that hold a basket formed from small diameter, high resistance stainless steel or NiCr wire. The basket is formed to accept a small sample, the mass of which can typically range from 0.2 to 0.05 mg. The pyrolysis is performed by use of a resistor capacitor circuit of the type used in spot welders. We have provided examples of the application of this technique with the analysis of facial cosmetics, plastic explosives, organometallic gasoline additives, polymers, and in micro scale chemical reactions. Additional modifications and future work are also discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bruno, Thomas J.; Nichols, Jessica E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov OI Nichols, Jessica/0000-0002-8597-1898 NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD APR 19 PY 2013 VL 1286 BP 192 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.047 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 120FL UT WOS:000317156100022 PM 23477797 ER PT J AU Nontapot, K Rastogi, V Fagan, JA Reipa, V AF Nontapot, Kanokwan Rastogi, Vinayak Fagan, Jeffrey A. Reipa, Vytas TI Size and density measurement of core-shell Si nanoparticles by analytical ultracentrifugation SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOLUMINESCENT SILICON NANOPARTICLES; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; QUANTUM DOTS; NANOCRYSTALS; PARTICLES; DISTRIBUTIONS; LUMINESCENT; NANOSTRUCTURES; ENVIRONMENT AB Si nanocrystals, terminated with cyclohexane and allylamine, were analyzed using analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy. We found that AUC yielded equivalent particle size distribution data to other nanoparticle characterization techniques, while also providing important information not probed by techniques such as DLS regarding the relative size of the particle core and shell components and the overall effective particle density. Estimates of particle core and shell dimensions are consistent with the particle's optical properties within the quantum confinement representation and available theoretical Si nanocrystal models. Measurement of sedimentation velocity in several solvents with different densities presents a way to circumvent the ambiguity of simultaneous fitting of particle density and sedimentation coefficient and allows us to significantly reduce the uncertainty in the estimates of particle hydrodynamic diameter by finding the effective particle density value. Online supplementary data available from stacks.iop.org/Nano/24/155701/mmedia C1 [Nontapot, Kanokwan; Reipa, Vytas] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rastogi, Vinayak; Fagan, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nontapot, K (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vytautas.reipa@nist.gov OI Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 FU NIST standard reference material program FX The authors acknowledge support by the NIST standard reference material program. NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 65 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD APR 19 PY 2013 VL 24 IS 15 AR 155701 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/24/15/155701 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 117YH UT WOS:000316988700013 PM 23518716 ER PT J AU Wang, ZZ Gu, P Wu, XP Zhang, H Zhang, Z Chiang, MYM AF Wang, Zheng-zhi Gu, Ping Wu, Xiao-ping Zhang, Hui Zhang, Zhong Chiang, Martin Y. M. TI Micro/nano-wear studies on epoxy/silica nanocomposites SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nano composites; Wear; Mechanical properties; Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) ID ORIENTED POLY(ETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE) FILM; CARBON NITRIDE COATINGS; SCALE FATIGUE WEAR; EPOXY NANOCOMPOSITES; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FORCE MICROSCOPY; FILLED EPOXY; PART II; NANOWEAR AB We proposed a new method for quantifying the micro/nano-scale wear volume (i.e., volume of wear loss) to characterize the wear-resistance of nanocomposites. Effects of wear load, pass (a pattern of scan cycles), and nanoparticle content on the wear behavior of silica nanoparticle-reinforced composites (EP/SiO2) were studied. The multiple nano-scratch patterning technique was carried out for the wear test. Images of sample surface, before/after the test, obtained using in situ scanning probe microscopy (SPM) were used to calculate the wear volume. Our results indicate that the wear mechanism transits from a plastic-deformation dominated mode to a fatigue-wear dominated mode with increased wear load and pass. The threshold at which transition occurs increases with the nanoparticle content, and correlates with improvement in wear resistance of nanocomposites. This transition threshold can be a different metric, rather than using the conventional mechanical properties (e.g., surface hardness and stiffness), to characterize the wear resistance of materials such that wear load and pass is taken into account. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wang, Zheng-zhi; Gu, Ping; Wu, Xiao-ping] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Modern Mech, Hefei 230027, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Wang, Zheng-zhi; Chiang, Martin Y. M.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Hui; Zhang, Zhong] Natl Ctr NanoSci & Technol, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Gu, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM guping@ustc.edu.cn; martin.chiang@nist.gov FU Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities FX The research was partly supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. The authors grateful acknowledge the provision of experimental samples from NCNST (Beijing, China). NR 54 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 EI 1879-1050 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD APR 18 PY 2013 VL 79 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.02.010 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 136QG UT WOS:000318377900008 ER PT J AU Gove, JM Williams, GJ McManus, MA Heron, SF Sandin, SA Vetter, OJ Foley, DG AF Gove, Jamison M. Williams, Gareth J. McManus, Margaret A. Heron, Scott F. Sandin, Stuart A. Vetter, Oliver J. Foley, David G. TI Quantifying Climatological Ranges and Anomalies for Pacific Coral Reef Ecosystems SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; BASE-LINES; INTERMEDIATE DISTURBANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS; INTERNAL WAVES; FLORIDA-KEYS; INDIAN-OCEAN; TEMPERATURE; ISLANDS; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Coral reef ecosystems are exposed to a range of environmental forcings that vary on daily to decadal time scales and across spatial scales spanning from reefs to archipelagos. Environmental variability is a major determinant of reef ecosystem structure and function, including coral reef extent and growth rates, and the abundance, diversity, and morphology of reef organisms. Proper characterization of environmental forcings on coral reef ecosystems is critical if we are to understand the dynamics and implications of abiotic-biotic interactions on reef ecosystems. This study combines high-resolution bathymetric information with remotely sensed sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a and irradiance data, and modeled wave data to quantify environmental forcings on coral reefs. We present a methodological approach to develop spatially constrained, island-and atoll-scale metrics that quantify climatological range limits and anomalous environmental forcings across U. S. Pacific coral reef ecosystems. Our results indicate considerable spatial heterogeneity in climatological ranges and anomalies across 41 islands and atolls, with emergent spatial patterns specific to each environmental forcing. For example, wave energy was greatest at northern latitudes and generally decreased with latitude. In contrast, chlorophyll-a was greatest at reef ecosystems proximate to the equator and northern-most locations, showing little synchrony with latitude. In addition, we find that the reef ecosystems with the highest chlorophyll-a concentrations; Jarvis, Howland, Baker, Palmyra and Kingman are each uninhabited and are characterized by high hard coral cover and large numbers of predatory fishes. Finally, we find that scaling environmental data to the spatial footprint of individual islands and atolls is more likely to capture local environmental forcings, as chlorophyll-a concentrations decreased at relatively short distances (>7 km) from 85% of our study locations. These metrics will help identify reef ecosystems most exposed to environmental stress as well as systems that may be more resistant or resilient to future climate change. C1 [Gove, Jamison M.; Vetter, Oliver J.; Foley, David G.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Gove, Jamison M.; Vetter, Oliver J.] NOAA, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Williams, Gareth J.; Sandin, Stuart A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [McManus, Margaret A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI USA. [Heron, Scott F.] NOAA, Natl Environm & Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Dept Phys, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Foley, David G.] NOAA, Div Environm Res, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA USA. RP Gove, JM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jamison.gove@noaa.gov RI Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011 FU Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO) program; NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program FX Funding was provided by the Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO) program and NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 71 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 44 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 18 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 4 AR e61974 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0061974 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 130IU UT WOS:000317908700069 PM 23637939 ER PT J AU Su, H Jiang, JH Zhai, CX Perun, VS Shen, JT Del Genio, A Nazarenko, LS Donner, LJ Horowitz, L Seman, C Morcrette, C Petch, J Ringer, M Cole, J von Salzen, K Mesquita, MDS Iversen, T Kristjansson, JE Gettelman, A Rotstayn, L Jeffrey, S Dufresne, JL Watanabe, M Kawai, H Koshiro, T Wu, TW Volodin, EM L'Ecuyer, T Teixeira, J Stephens, GL AF Su, Hui Jiang, Jonathan H. Zhai, Chengxing Perun, Vince S. Shen, Janice T. Del Genio, Anthony Nazarenko, Larissa S. Donner, Leo J. Horowitz, Larry Seman, Charles Morcrette, Cyril Petch, Jon Ringer, Mark Cole, Jason von Salzen, Knut Mesquita, Michel D. S. Iversen, Trond Kristjansson, Jon Egill Gettelman, Andrew Rotstayn, Leon Jeffrey, Stephen Dufresne, Jean-Louis Watanabe, Masahiro Kawai, Hideaki Koshiro, Tsuyoshi Wu, Tongwen Volodin, Evgeny M. L'Ecuyer, Tristan Teixeira, Joao Stephens, Graeme L. TI Diagnosis of regime-dependent cloud simulation errors in CMIP5 models using "A-Train" satellite observations and reanalysis data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Clouds; Climate Model; Satellite Observation; CMIP5; A-Train; large-scale regimes; conditional sampling; model error diagnosis ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY; TROPOSPHERE; CONVECTION; MASS AB The vertical distributions of cloud water content (CWC) and cloud fraction (CF) over the tropical oceans, produced by 13 coupled atmosphere-ocean models submitted to the Phase 5 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), are evaluated against CloudSat/CALIPSO observations as a function of large-scale parameters. Available CALIPSO simulator CF outputs are also examined. A diagnostic framework is developed to decompose the cloud simulation errors into large-scale errors, cloud parameterization errors and covariation errors. We find that the cloud parameterization errors contribute predominantly to the total errors for all models. The errors associated with large-scale temperature and moisture structures are relatively greater than those associated with large-scale midtropospheric vertical velocity and lower-level divergence. All models capture the separation of deep and shallow clouds in distinct large-scale regimes; however, the vertical structures of high/low clouds and their variations with large-scale parameters differ significantly from the observations. The CWCs associated with deep convective clouds simulated in most models do not reach as high in altitude as observed, and their magnitudes are generally weaker than CloudSat total CWC, which includes the contribution of precipitating condensates, but are close to CloudSat nonprecipitating CWC. All models reproduce maximum CF associated with convective detrainment, but CALIPSO simulator CFs generally agree better with CloudSat/CALIPSO combined retrieval than the model CFs, especially in the midtroposphere. Model simulated low clouds tend to have little variation with large-scale parameters except lower-troposphere stability, while the observed low cloud CWC, CF, and cloud top height vary consistently in all large-scale regimes. C1 [Su, Hui; Jiang, Jonathan H.; Zhai, Chengxing; Perun, Vince S.; Shen, Janice T.; Teixeira, Joao; Stephens, Graeme L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Del Genio, Anthony; Nazarenko, Larissa S.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Donner, Leo J.; Horowitz, Larry; Seman, Charles] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Morcrette, Cyril; Petch, Jon] UK Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Ringer, Mark] UK Met Off Hadley Ctr MOHC, Exeter, Devon, England. [Cole, Jason; von Salzen, Knut] Environm Canada, CCCMA, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Mesquita, Michel D. S.] Uni Res, BCCR, Bergen, Norway. [Iversen, Trond] NCC, Meteorologisk Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Kristjansson, Jon Egill] Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [Gettelman, Andrew] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Rotstayn, Leon] CSIRO, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Watanabe, Masahiro] Univ Tokyo, Atmospher & Ocean Res Inst, Model Interdisciplinary Res Climate MIROC, Chiba, Japan. [Kawai, Hideaki; Koshiro, Tsuyoshi] Japan Meteorol Agcy, MRI, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Wu, Tongwen] China Meteorol Adm, BCC, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Volodin, Evgeny M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Numer Math, Moscow, Russia. [L'Ecuyer, Tristan] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Su, H (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Hui.Su@jpl.nasa.gov RI L'Ecuyer, Tristan/C-7040-2013; Rotstayn, Leon/A-1756-2012; Mesquita, Michel d. S./C-3414-2009; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Koshiro, Tsuyoshi/O-7183-2016; Morcrette, Cyril/H-7282-2012; L'Ecuyer, Tristan/E-5607-2012; Dufresne, Jean-Louis/I-5616-2015; Ringer, Mark/E-7294-2013 OI Rotstayn, Leon/0000-0002-2385-4223; Mesquita, Michel d. S./0000-0002-4556-5414; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Koshiro, Tsuyoshi/0000-0003-2971-7446; Cole, Jason/0000-0003-0450-2748; Morcrette, Cyril/0000-0002-4240-8472; L'Ecuyer, Tristan/0000-0002-7584-4836; Dufresne, Jean-Louis/0000-0003-4764-9600; Ringer, Mark/0000-0003-4014-2583 FU NASA ROSES COUND; AST; NEWS FX We thank the funding support from NASA ROSES COUND, AST, and NEWS, the CloudSat/CALIPSO mission teams and relevant satellite mission projects. We acknowledge PCMDI for archiving CMIP5 model simulations and the ECMWF Data Server for ECMWF Interim Reanalysis data. This work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. NR 56 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 45 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 7 BP 2762 EP 2780 DI 10.1029/2012JD018575 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 153QT UT WOS:000319618300006 ER PT J AU Xiang, B Miller, SM Kort, EA Santoni, GW Daube, BC Commane, R Angevine, WM Ryerson, TB Trainer, MK Andrews, AE Nehrkorn, T Tian, HQ Wofsy, SC AF Xiang, Bin Miller, Scot M. Kort, Eric A. Santoni, Gregory W. Daube, Bruce C. Commane, Roisin Angevine, Wayne M. Ryerson, Tom B. Trainer, Michael K. Andrews, Arlyn E. Nehrkorn, Thomas Tian, Hanqin Wofsy, Steven C. TI Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from California based on 2010 CalNex airborne measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE nitrous oxide; emissions; California; fertilizer ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY; NORTH-AMERICA; STILT MODEL; WATER; SOIL; ECOSYSTEMS; METHANE; FIELD AB Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important gas for climate and for stratospheric chemistry, with a lifetime exceeding 100years. Global concentrations have increased steadily since the 18th century, apparently due to human-associated emissions, principally from the application of nitrogen fertilizers. However, quantitative studies of agricultural emissions at large spatial scales are lacking, inhibited by the difficulty of measuring small enhancements in atmospheric concentration. Here we derive regional emission rates for N2O in the agricultural heartland of California based on analysis of in-situ airborne atmospheric observations collected using a new quantum cascade laser spectrometer. The data were obtained on board the NOAA WP-3 research aircraft during the CalNex (California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change) program in late spring 2010. We coupled the WRF (weather research and forecasting) model, a meso-scale meteorology model, with the STILT (stochastic time-inverted Lagrangian transport) model, a Lagrangian particle dispersion model, to link our in-situ airborne observations to surface emissions. We then used a variety of statistical methods to identify source areas and to optimize emission rates. Our results are consistent with the view that fertilizer application is the largest source of N2O in the Central Valley. The spatial distribution of surface emissions, based on California land use and activity maps, was very different than indicated in the leading emission inventory (EDGAR 4.0). Our estimated total emission flux of N2O for California in May and June was 3 - 4 times larger than the annual mean given for the state by EDGAR and other inventories, indicating a strong seasonal variation. We estimated the statewide total annual emissions of N2O to be 0.042 +/- 0.011 Tg N/year, roughly equivalent to inventory values if we account for seasonal variations using observations obtained in the midwestern United States. This state total N2O emission is 20.5 Tg CO2 equivalent (100year global warming potential=310 CO2 eq/g N2O), accounting for approximately 4% of the state total greenhouse gas emissions. C1 [Xiang, Bin; Miller, Scot M.; Santoni, Gregory W.; Daube, Bruce C.; Commane, Roisin; Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Xiang, Bin; Miller, Scot M.; Santoni, Gregory W.; Daube, Bruce C.; Commane, Roisin; Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kort, Eric A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Angevine, Wayne M.; Ryerson, Tom B.; Trainer, Michael K.; Andrews, Arlyn E.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Nehrkorn, Thomas] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Tian, Hanqin] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Xiang, B (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM bxiang@seas.harvard.edu RI Xiang, Bin/E-8034-2012; Commane, Roisin/E-4835-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012; Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Xiang, Bin/M-2812-2013 OI Nehrkorn, Thomas/0000-0003-0637-3468; Commane, Roisin/0000-0003-1373-1550; Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091; Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; FU NASA [NNX09AJ94G, NNX11AG47G, NNX09AU40G]; NSF [ATM-083091-2]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310122, NA11OAR4310158] FX This study was supported by the following grants to Harvard University: NASA NNX09AJ94G, NNX11AG47G, and NNX09AU40G; NSF ATM-083091-2; and NOAA NA09OAR4310122 and NA11OAR4310158. We are grateful to the flight crew of the NOAA P-3 for safely executing a difficult flight mission. B. X. thanks Jasna Pittman for helpful comments on the manuscript. E.A.K. thanks the W. M. Keck Institute for Space Studies for support. Portions of this work were performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 42 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 7 BP 2809 EP 2820 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50189 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 153QT UT WOS:000319618300009 ER PT J AU Evan, S Rosenlof, KH Dudhia, J Hassler, B Davis, SM AF Evan, Stephanie Rosenlof, K. H. Dudhia, J. Hassler, B. Davis, S. M. TI The representation of the TTL in a tropical channel version of the WRF model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE TTL; temperature variability; water vapor; WRF; cirrus clouds ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; TROPOPAUSE LAYER; ANNUAL CYCLE; OBSERVING SYSTEM; CIRRUS CLOUDS; HEAT-BALANCE; PART I AB In this study, the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) model is used to investigate key physical processes controlling the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) temperature and water vapor distributions in December 2005 to January-February 2006. The model domain is configured as a tropical channel with a horizontal grid spacing of 36 km, a vertical grid spacing of 500 m, and a top at 0.1 hPa. Initial and boundary conditions are set using the ERA-Interim reanalysis data set. An ozone distribution computed from satellite and ozonesonde measurements is used for radiative forcing calculations. The model's ability to replicate observed TTL temperatures is evaluated via comparisons with radiosonde data and reanalyses (MERRA and ERA-Interim). The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) water vapor measurements are used to evaluate WRF-simulated water vapor in the TTL. Results of the simulations show that the model reproduces the mean temperature and its variability above 50 hPa as well as the tropical tropopause height. However, the model cold point tropopause temperature is colder than the reanalyses by similar to 1.2 K. The model captures the location of TTL water vapor minimum in the Western Pacific but is drier than the MLS observations in the TTL. To assess possible reasons for the tropopause temperature discrepancy, an additional WRF experiment was conducted using analysis nudging for water vapor. This experiment produces more tropical cirrus clouds in the upper troposphere and a warming of similar to 1.5 K of the cold point tropopause. This suggests that the radiative effects of cirrus clouds and water vapor must be considered for accurate temperature simulations in the TTL. C1 [Evan, Stephanie; Rosenlof, K. H.; Hassler, B.; Davis, S. M.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Evan, Stephanie; Hassler, B.; Davis, S. M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dudhia, J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Evan, S (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, ESRL, 325 Broadway R-CSD8, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM stephanie.evan@noaa.gov RI Hassler, Birgit/E-8987-2010; Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; Dudhia, Jimy/B-1287-2008; Evan, Stephanie/C-2213-2013; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Hassler, Birgit/0000-0003-2724-709X; Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158; Dudhia, Jimy/0000-0002-2394-6232; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; FU National Research Council Research Associateship award; NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Program FX The lead author was supported by a National Research Council Research Associateship award. B. Hassler, S. Davis, and K. Rosenlof acknowledge support from NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Program. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 7 BP 2835 EP 2848 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50288 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 153QT UT WOS:000319618300012 ER PT J AU Zhao, TXP Chan, PK Heidinger, AK AF Zhao, Tom X. -P. Chan, Pui K. Heidinger, Andrew K. TI A global survey of the effect of cloud contamination on the aerosol optical thickness and its long-term trend derived from operational AVHRR satellite observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Aerosol; trend; satellite; AVHRR ID TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; DATA RECORD; MODIS; CHANNELS; PERSPECTIVE; RETRIEVALS; PRODUCTS; FUTURE; OCEAN AB Subpixel cloud contamination is one of the major issues plaguing passive satellite aerosol remote sensing. Its impact on the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) retrieval has been analyzed/evaluated by many studies. However, the question of how it influences the AOT trend remains to be answered. In this paper, four long-term advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) AOT data sets from 1981 to 2009 over global oceans for four different definitions of clear sky, respectively, are produced by applying a two-channel aerosol retrieval algorithm to the AVHRR clear-sky reflectances derived by combining NOAA Pathfinder Atmosphere's Extended AVHRR climate data record level-2b all-sky reflectances with the cloud probability parameter determined from the Bayesian probabilistic cloud detection technique. A global analysis of the effect of cloud contamination on the AVHRR AOT retrieval as well as on its long-term trend is then performed by comparing the results from the four data sets. It was found that cloud contamination imposes not only a positive bias on AOT values but also a positive bias on its long-term trend such that negative trends become less negative and positive trends become more positive. A cloud probability value of 1% has been identified as an optimal criterion for clear-sky definition to minimize the cloud contamination in the AVHRR aerosol retrieval while still retaining strong aerosol signals. In order for a satellite aerosol product to be useful and reliable in aerosol trend detection, the cloud contamination effect on aerosol trends needs to be studied/evaluated carefully along with the effects of calibration error, surface disturbance, and aerosol model assumptions. C1 [Zhao, Tom X. -P.; Chan, Pui K.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, NESDIS, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Chan, Pui K.] NOAA, CICS NC, NESDIS, NCDC, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NESDIS, Madison, WI USA. RP Zhao, TXP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, NESDIS, 151 Patton Ave,RM-445, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Xuepeng.Zhao@noaa.gov RI Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU CDR program at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) of NOAA/NESDIS FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support from the CDR program at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) of NOAA/NESDIS. The constructive suggestions from three anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the author (s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 7 BP 2849 EP 2857 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50278 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 153QT UT WOS:000319618300013 ER PT J AU Meyer, TC Lang, TJ Rutledge, SA Lyons, WA Cummer, SA Lu, GP Lindsey, DT AF Meyer, Tiffany C. Lang, Timothy J. Rutledge, Steven A. Lyons, Walter A. Cummer, Steven A. Lu, Gaopeng Lindsey, Daniel T. TI Radar and lightning analyses of gigantic jet-producing storms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Lightning; Gigantic Jet; Thunderstorm ID BLUE JETS; ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES; TORNADIC STORM; THUNDERSTORMS; REFLECTIVITY; THUNDERCLOUD; IONOSPHERE; EVOLUTION; STARTERS; VELOCITY AB An analysis of thunderstorm environment, structure, and evolution associated with six gigantic jets (five negative polarity, one positive) was conducted. Three of these gigantic jets were observed within detection range of very high frequency lightning mapping networks. All six were within range of operational radars and two-dimensional lightning network coverage: five within the National Lightning Detection Network and one within the Global Lightning Detection (GLD360) network. Most of the storms producing the jets formed in moist tropical or tropical-like environments (precipitable water ranged from 37 to 62 kg m-2, and 0-6 km shear from 3.5 to 24.8 m s-1), featuring high convective available potential energy (1200-3500 J kg-1) and low lifted indices (-2.8 to -6.4). The storms had maximum radar reflectivity factors of 54 to 62 dBZ, and 10 dBZ echo contours reached 14-17 km. Storms covered by three-dimensional lightning mappers were near peak altitude of lightning activity (modes of the vertical distributions of radio sources were at altitudes colder than -50 degrees C) and vertical reflectivity intensity, with overshooting echo tops around the times of their jets. Two of the other three jet-producing storms produced their jet around the time of a convective surge as indicated by radar data and likely featured overshooting tops. The observations suggest a link between convective surges, overshooting tops, and the occurrence of gigantic jets, similar to prior modeling studies. C1 [Meyer, Tiffany C.; Lang, Timothy J.; Rutledge, Steven A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Meyer, Tiffany C.] Natl Weather Serv, Warning Decis Training Branch, Norman, OK USA. [Lang, Timothy J.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr ZP11, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Lyons, Walter A.] FMA Res Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Cummer, Steven A.; Lu, Gaopeng] Duke Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Durham, NC USA. [Lindsey, Daniel T.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, RAMMB, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Lang, TJ (reprint author), NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr ZP11, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM tjlangco@gmail.com RI Lu, Gaopeng/D-9011-2012; Cummer, Steven/A-6118-2008; Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010; OI Cummer, Steven/0000-0002-0002-0613; Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683; Lang, Timothy/0000-0003-1576-572X FU DARPA Nimbus program FX This work was supported by the DARPA Nimbus program. The authors thank Vaisala, Inc. for providing the NLDN and GLD360 data used in this study. Without the observations of the gigantic jets, this study would not have been possible. The Florida, Oklahoma, and Puerto Rico gigantic jets were observed by Joel Gonzalez in Florida, by Kevin Palivec in Texas, and by Frankie Lucena in Puerto Rico, respectively. The authors thank the editors and reviewers of this manuscript for their assistance in improving it. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 7 BP 2872 EP 2888 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50302 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 153QT UT WOS:000319618300015 ER PT J AU Mei, F Hayes, PL Ortega, A Taylor, JW Allan, JD Gilman, J Kuster, W de Gouw, J Jimenez, JL Wang, J AF Mei, Fan Hayes, Patrick L. Ortega, Amber Taylor, Jonathan W. Allan, James D. Gilman, Jessica Kuster, William de Gouw, Joost Jimenez, Jose L. Wang, Jian TI Droplet activation properties of organic aerosols observed at an urban site during CalNex-LA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review DE Hygroscopicity; Mixing state; CCN; Organic aerosol; Oxidation state; Atmospheric aging ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; SIZE-RESOLVED CCN; SINGLE-PARAMETER REPRESENTATION; HYGROSCOPIC GROWTH; MIXING STATE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; RAIN-FOREST; PART 1 AB Size-resolved cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectra and aerosol chemical composition were characterized at an urban supersite in Pasadena, California, from 15 May to 4 June 2010, during the CalNex campaign. The derived hygroscopicity (CCN) of CCN-active particles with diameter between 97 and 165 nm ranged from 0.05 to 0.4. Diurnal variation showed a slight decrease of CCN from 8:00 to 16:00 (from 0.24 to 0.20), which is attributed to increasing organics volume fraction resulted from secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. The derived hygroscopicity distribution and maximum activated fraction of the size selected particles were examined as functions of photochemical age. The result indicates that condensation of secondary species (e.g., SOA and sulfate) quickly converted hydrophobic particles to hydrophilic ones, and during daytime, nearly every particle became a CCN at similar to 0.4% in just a few hours. Based on CCN and aerosol chemical composition, the organic hygroscopicity (org) was derived, and ranged from 0.05 to 0.23 with an average value of 0.13, consistent with the results from earlier studies. The derived org generally increased with the organic oxidation level, and most of the variation in org could be explained by the variation of the organic O:C atomic ratio alone. The least squares fit of the data yielded org=(0.83 +/- 0.06)x(O:C)+(-0.19 +/- 0.02). Compared to previous results based on CCN measurements of laboratory generated aerosols, org derived from measurements during the CalNex campaign exhibited stronger increase with O:C atomic ratio and therefore substantially higher values for organics with average O:C greater than 0.5. C1 [Mei, Fan; Wang, Jian] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Hayes, Patrick L.; Ortega, Amber; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hayes, Patrick L.; Ortega, Amber; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Taylor, Jonathan W.; Allan, James D.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Allan, James D.] Univ Manchester, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Gilman, Jessica; Kuster, William; de Gouw, Joost] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Mei, Fan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, 75 Rutherford Dr,Bldg 815E, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jian@bnl.gov RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011; Allan, James/B-1160-2010; Mei, Fan/D-9953-2013; Ortega, Amber/B-5548-2014 OI Taylor, Jonathan/0000-0002-2120-186X; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Mei, Fan/0000-0003-4285-2749; Allan, James/0000-0001-6492-4876; Ortega, Amber/0000-0002-4381-7892 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-98CH10866]; CIRES; UK National Environment Research Council [NE/H008136/1]; UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/H008136/1] FX This research was performed with support from the Office of Biological and Environmental Research under contract number DE-AC02-98CH10866. We acknowledge Caltech for hosting the supersite and logistics support from California Air Resources Board, NOAA, and UCLA. The authors acknowledge the US Department of Energy ARM program for providing some of instruments deployed in this study. Patrick L. Hayes and Jose L. Jimenez thank CARB 08-319/11-305 and DOE (BER/ASR) DE-SC0006035 and DE-FG02-11ER65293, as well as a CIRES Visiting Fellowship to Patrick L. Hayes. The SP2 data were supported by the UK National Environment Research Council project Multiscale Chemical Composition of Carbonaceous particles and Coatings (MC4) [Grant ref: NE/H008136/1]. The University of Manchester activities were supported by The UK Natural Environment Research Council through a PhD studentship and the project Multiscale Chemical Composition of Carbonaceous particles and Coatings (MC4) [Grant ref: NE/H008136/1]. NR 109 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 50 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 7 BP 2903 EP 2917 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50285 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 153QT UT WOS:000319618300017 ER PT J AU Byrne, D Zhang, JA AF Byrne, David Zhang, Jun A. TI Height-dependent transition from 3-D to 2-D turbulence in the hurricane boundary layer SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AXISYMMETRICAL NUMERICAL-MODEL; TROPICAL CYCLONES; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; EDDY DIFFUSIVITY; PART I; EXCHANGE; SIMULATIONS; ATLANTIC; ENERGY; LENGTH AB Here we show, from in situ aircraft measurements in the hurricane boundary layer, a height-dependent transition of the flow from 3-D to 2-D turbulence. This marks a fundamental change in the energy dynamics of the hurricane boundary layer due to the fact that in 3-D, energy flows downscale from larger to smaller scales, whereas in 2-D, it flows upscale, from smaller to larger scales. These results represent the first measurement of the 2-D upscale energy flux in the atmosphere and also the first to characterize the transition from 3-D to 2-D. It is shown that the large-scale parent vortex may gain energy directly from small scales in tropical cyclones. C1 [Byrne, David] ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Dept Environm, Zurich, Switzerland. [Byrne, David] ETH, C2SM, Zurich, Switzerland. [Zhang, Jun A.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Byrne, D (reprint author), ETH, C2SM, Zurich, Switzerland. EM David.Byrne@usys.ethz.ch RI Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012; Byrne, David/B-1328-2015 OI Byrne, David/0000-0002-4565-1603 FU ETH [CH2-01 11-1]; NOAA's Hurricane Forecast and Improvement Project (HFIP) FX This work has been supported by ETH Research grant CH2-01 11-1 and by NOAA's Hurricane Forecast and Improvement Project (HFIP). The data used in this work were collected during the CBLAST experiment sponsored by Office of Naval Research. We acknowledge all the scientists and crew members from the Aircraft Operations Center (AOC) who were involved with Hurricane Research Division's (HRD) field program for collecting the data, in particular, William Drennan, Jeffrey French, and Peter Black. The authors are grateful to Nicolas Gruber, Oliver Fuhrer, Frank Marks, Mike Montgomery, and Mark Donelan for useful discussions. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 7 DI 10.1002/grl.50335 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 148BP UT WOS:000319217600033 ER PT J AU Dias, J Leroux, S Tulich, SN Kiladis, GN AF Dias, J. Leroux, S. Tulich, S. N. Kiladis, G. N. TI How systematic is organized tropical convection within the MJO? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; COUPLED EQUATORIAL WAVES; KELVIN WAVES; PACIFIC AB Recent theories of the dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) have been building on its multiscale structure. While it is observed that much of the convection within the MJO envelope is related to higher frequency equatorial waves, it is not known to what extent this organization is systematic from one MJO event to another. For instance, it is of interest to know whether MJO favors waves of particular types and propagation direction, and how this variability changes seasonally. This work presents a wavenumber-frequency spectral analysis of the MJO convective envelope, which indicates that there is no strong preferred scale of high frequency organization that is ubiquitous to the MJO. This null finding supports the use of convective parametrizations in modeling the MJO since, while moist convection is likely critical to its initiation and maintenance, the particular details of that organization may not be critical for its prediction and simulation. C1 [Dias, J.; Tulich, S. N.; Kiladis, G. N.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Leroux, S.] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Tulich, S. N.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dias, J (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. EM juliana.dias@noaa.gov FU NRC; NSF [AGS-1146133] FX We thank P. Roundy and an anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful suggestions. J. Dias acknowledges the support by NRC Research Associate fellowship and S. Tulich acknowledges the support by NSF AGS-1146133. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 7 DI 10.1002/grl.50308 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 148BP UT WOS:000319217600030 ER PT J AU Kunkel, KE Karl, TR Easterling, DR Redmond, K Young, J Yin, XG Hennon, P AF Kunkel, Kenneth E. Karl, Thomas R. Easterling, David R. Redmond, Kelly Young, John Yin, Xungang Hennon, Paula TI Probable maximum precipitation and climate change SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC RIVER; HURRICANE AB Probable maximum precipitation (PMP) is the greatest accumulation of precipitation for a given duration meteorologically possible for an area. Climate change effects on PMP are analyzed, in particular, maximization of moisture and persistent upward motion, using both climate model simulations and conceptual models of relevant meteorological systems. Climate model simulations indicate a substantial future increase in mean and maximum water vapor concentrations. For the RCP8.5 scenario, the changes in maximum values for the continental United States are approximately 20%-30% by 2071-2100. The magnitudes of the maximum water vapor changes follow temperature changes with an approximate Clausius-Clapeyron relationship. Model-simulated changes in maximum vertical and horizontal winds are too small to offset water vapor changes. Thus, our conclusion is that the most scientifically sound projection is that PMP values will increase in the future due to higher levels of atmospheric moisture content and consequent higher levels of moisture transport into storms. C1 [Kunkel, Kenneth E.; Hennon, Paula] N Carolina State Univ, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.; Karl, Thomas R.; Easterling, David R.; Hennon, Paula] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Redmond, Kelly] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Young, John] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Yin, Xungang] ERT Inc, Asheville, NC USA. RP Kunkel, KE (reprint author), Natl Climat Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM ken.kunkel@noaa.gov RI Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015 OI Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047 FU NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina [NA09NES4400006]; NOAA Climate Program Office, Climate Observations and Monitoring Program FX This work was partially supported by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA09NES4400006 and by the NOAA Climate Program Office, Climate Observations and Monitoring Program. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modeling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table 1 of the supplementary material) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. We thank Mike Coniglio for advice on mesoscale convective systems. NR 22 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 6 U2 56 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 7 DI 10.1002/grl.50334 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 148BP UT WOS:000319217600027 ER PT J AU Santora, JA Sydeman, WJ Messie, M Chai, F Chao, Y Thompson, SA Wells, BK Chavez, FP AF Santora, Jarrod A. Sydeman, William J. Messie, Monique Chai, Fei Chao, Yi Thompson, Sarah Ann Wells, Brian K. Chavez, Francisco P. TI Triple check: Observations verify structural realism of an ocean ecosystem model SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT IMPLICATIONS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; KRILL; PRODUCTIVITY; RECRUITMENT; ZOOPLANKTON; PREDATORS; TRANSPORT; PACIFIC; SYSTEM AB Improvements in fisheries and ecosystem management could be made if the prediction of key zooplankton, such as krill, were possible using ocean ecosystem models. To examine structural realism, hence the validity of a coupled physical-biogeochemical model, we compared measured spatiotemporal dynamics of krill and seabird abundance off California to hindcasted mesozooplankton derived from an independently designed model. Observed krill and modeled mesozooplankton (Z2) displayed latitudinal coherence but distinct longitudinal offsets, possibly related to unrealistic bathymetry in the model. Temporally, Z2, Thysanoessa spinifera (a neritic krill species) and seabird density and reproductive performance were well correlated, indicating that quantitative prediction regarding marine predators in upwelling ecosystems is within reach. Despite its basin-scale framework, the ROMS-CoSiNE model captures zooplankton and top predator dynamics regionally in the central California region, suggesting its utility for management of marine ecosystems and highlighting rapid advances that can be made through collaboration between empirical scientists and ecosystem modelers. C1 [Santora, Jarrod A.; Sydeman, William J.; Thompson, Sarah Ann] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Messie, Monique; Chavez, Francisco P.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Chai, Fei] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME USA. [Chao, Yi] Remote Sensing Solut Inc, Pasadena, CA USA. [Chao, Yi] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Wells, Brian K.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Santora, JA (reprint author), Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, 101 H St,Suite Q, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. EM jasantora@gmail.com RI Messie, Monique/K-2022-2012 OI Messie, Monique/0000-0002-4985-3413 FU California Ocean Protection Council [OPC-ENV-07, R/ENV-220]; California Sea Grant [OPC-ENV-07, R/ENV-220]; NASA [NNX09AU39G] FX Funding for this project was provided by grants from the California Ocean Protection Council and California Sea Grant (OPC-ENV-07; R/ENV-220) and NASA (project NNX09AU39G). We greatly appreciate the comments and feedback from two anonymous reviewers and Valerie Loeb that helped strengthen the study. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 7 DI 10.1002/grl.50312 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 148BP UT WOS:000319217600021 ER PT J AU Deyle, ER Fogarty, M Hsieh, CH Kaufman, L MacCall, AD Munch, SB Perretti, CT Ye, H Sugihara, G AF Deyle, Ethan R. Fogarty, Michael Hsieh, Chih-hao Kaufman, Les MacCall, Alec D. Munch, Stephan B. Perretti, Charles T. Ye, Hao Sugihara, George TI Predicting climate effects on Pacific sardine SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ecosystem-based management; physical-biological interactions; state space reconstruction; complex systems; time series analysis ID TIME-SERIES; FLUCTUATIONS; RECRUITMENT; CALIFORNIA; FISHES; STOCK; RECONSTRUCTION; OSCILLATION; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY AB For many marine species and habitats, climate change and overfishing present a double threat. To manage marine resources effectively, it is necessary to adapt management to changes in the physical environment. Simple relationships between environmental conditions and fish abundance have long been used in both fisheries and fishery management. In many cases, however, physical, biological, and human variables feed back on each other. For these systems, associations between variables can change as the system evolves in time. This can obscure relationships between population dynamics and environmental variability, undermining our ability to forecast changes in populations tied to physical processes. Here we present a methodology for identifying physical forcing variables based on nonlinear forecasting and show how the method provides a predictive understanding of the influence of physical forcing on Pacific sardine. C1 [Deyle, Ethan R.; Perretti, Charles T.; Ye, Hao; Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Fogarty, Michael] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hsieh, Chih-hao] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Hsieh, Chih-hao] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Kaufman, Les] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Kaufman, Les] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [MacCall, Alec D.; Munch, Stephan B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Deyle, ER (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM edeyle@ucsd.edu; gsugihara@ucsd.edu RI Hsieh, Chih-hao/B-3797-2008 OI Hsieh, Chih-hao/0000-0001-5935-7272 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB1020372]; NSF-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO) program [NA08OAR4320894/CAMEO]; Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results fellowship; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program; National Marine Fisheries Service/Sea Grant Population Dynamics Fellowship; Sugihara Family Trust; Deutsche Bank-Jameson Complexity Studies Fund; McQuown Chair in Natural Sciences, University of California, San Diego; National Taiwan University, National Science Council of Taiwan FX This work was funded by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant DEB1020372, NSF-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO) program Grant NA08OAR4320894/CAMEO, an Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results fellowship, the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program, a National Marine Fisheries Service/Sea Grant Population Dynamics Fellowship, the Sugihara Family Trust, the Deutsche Bank-Jameson Complexity Studies Fund, the McQuown Chair in Natural Sciences, University of California, San Diego, and National Taiwan University, National Science Council of Taiwan. NR 37 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 8 U2 93 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 16 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 16 BP 6430 EP 6435 DI 10.1073/pnas.1215506110 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 132BA UT WOS:000318041500047 PM 23536299 ER PT J AU Michalak, AM Anderson, EJ Beletsky, D Boland, S Bosch, NS Bridgeman, TB Chaffin, JD Cho, K Confesor, R Daloglu, I DePinto, JV Evans, MA Fahnenstiel, GL He, LL Ho, JC Jenkins, L Johengen, TH Kuo, KC LaPorte, E Liu, XJ McWilliams, MR Moore, MR Posselt, DJ Richards, RP Scavia, D Steiner, AL Verhamme, E Wright, DM Zagorski, MA AF Michalak, Anna M. Anderson, Eric J. Beletsky, Dmitry Boland, Steven Bosch, Nathan S. Bridgeman, Thomas B. Chaffin, Justin D. Cho, Kyunghwa Confesor, Rem Daloglu, Irem DePinto, Joseph V. Evans, Mary Anne Fahnenstiel, Gary L. He, Lingli Ho, Jeff C. Jenkins, Liza Johengen, Thomas H. Kuo, Kevin C. LaPorte, Elizabeth Liu, Xiaojian McWilliams, Michael R. Moore, Michael R. Posselt, Derek J. Richards, R. Peter Scavia, Donald Steiner, Allison L. Verhamme, Ed Wright, David M. Zagorski, Melissa A. TI Record-setting algal bloom in Lake Erie caused by agricultural and meteorological trends consistent with expected future conditions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE extreme precipitation events; climate change; aquatic ecology; Microcystis sp.; Anabaena sp. ID BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; CENTRAL BASIN; MICROCYSTIS BLOOMS; DREISSENID MUSSELS; GREAT-LAKES; SAGINAW BAY; PHOSPHORUS; EUTROPHICATION; CYANOBACTERIA; ZEBRA AB In 2011, Lake Erie experienced the largest harmful algal bloom in its recorded history, with a peak intensity over three times greater than any previously observed bloom. Here we show that long-term trends in agricultural practices are consistent with increasing phosphorus loading to the western basin of the lake, and that these trends, coupled with meteorological conditions in spring 2011, produced record-breaking nutrient loads. An extended period of weak lake circulation then led to abnormally long residence times that incubated the bloom, and warm and quiescent conditions after bloom onset allowed algae to remain near the top of the water column and prevented flushing of nutrients from the system. We further find that all of these factors are consistent with expected future conditions. If a scientifically guided management plan to mitigate these impacts is not implemented, we can therefore expect this bloom to be a harbinger of future blooms in Lake Erie. C1 [Michalak, Anna M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Anderson, Eric J.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Beletsky, Dmitry; Johengen, Thomas H.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Boland, Steven; Kuo, Kevin C.; Liu, Xiaojian; Posselt, Derek J.; Steiner, Allison L.; Wright, David M.; Zagorski, Melissa A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bosch, Nathan S.] Grace Coll, Winona Lake, IN 46590 USA. [Bridgeman, Thomas B.; Chaffin, Justin D.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Cho, Kyunghwa; Daloglu, Irem; Evans, Mary Anne; Jenkins, Liza; Moore, Michael R.; Scavia, Donald] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Confesor, Rem; Richards, R. Peter] Heidelberg Univ, Natl Ctr Water Qual Res, Tiffin, OH 44883 USA. [DePinto, Joseph V.] LimnoTech, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Fahnenstiel, Gary L.; Jenkins, Liza] Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [He, Lingli] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ho, Jeff C.; Verhamme, Ed] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kuo, Kevin C.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Policy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [LaPorte, Elizabeth] Univ Michigan, Michigan Sea Grant, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [McWilliams, Michael R.] Univ Michigan, Dept Econ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Michalak, AM (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM michalak@stanford.edu RI Posselt, Derek/I-4912-2012; Steiner, Allison/F-4942-2011; OI Posselt, Derek/0000-0002-5670-5822; Evans, Mary Anne/0000-0002-1627-7210; Scavia, Donald/0000-0002-2784-8269; Beletsky, Dmitry/0000-0003-4532-0588; Anderson, Eric/0000-0001-5342-8383 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [1039043, 1313897]; NSF [0927643]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center [NA07OAR432000]; Lake Erie Protection Fund [SG 4062011]; US Department of Energy FX The authors thank Raisa Beletsky, Greg Lang, and David Schwab, who provided modeling support and Todd Marsee for assistance with graphic design. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table S3 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grants 1039043 and 1313897. Additional support was provided by NSF Grant 0927643 (to D.B.) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research Grant NA07OAR432000 (to D.B., N.S.B., R.P.R., and D.S.). Support was provided by Lake Erie Protection Fund SG 4062011 (to J.D.C. and T.B.B.). For CMIP, the US Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provided coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. This paper is Eco-fore Lake Erie Contribution Number 12-009 and Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory Contribution Number 1646, and Lake Erie Center Contribution Number 2013-09. NR 42 TC 221 Z9 225 U1 60 U2 515 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 16 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 16 BP 6448 EP 6452 DI 10.1073/pnas.1216006110 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 132BA UT WOS:000318041500050 PM 23576718 ER PT J AU Stow, CA Cha, Y AF Stow, Craig A. Cha, YoonKyung TI Are Chlorophyll a-Total Phosphorus Correlations Useful for Inference and Prediction? SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUTRIENT RELATIONSHIPS; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; UNITED-STATES; ZEBRA MUSSEL; LAKES; PHYTOPLANKTON; BIOMASS; MODELS; BIOVOLUME; ERROR AB Correlations between chlorophyll a and total phosphorus in freshwater ecosystems were first documented in the 1960s and have been used since then to infer phosphorus limitation, build simple models, and develop management targets. Often these correlations are considered indicative of a cause-effect relationship. However, many scientists regard the use of these associations for modeling and inference to be misleading due to their potentially spurious nature. Using data from Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, we examine the relationship among chlorophyll a, total phosphorus, and algal biomass measurements. We apply graphical models and recently developed "structure learning" principles that use conditional dependencies to help identify causal relationships among observational data. The spurious relationship suspected by some is not supported by our data, whereas a direct relationship between chlorophyll a and total phosphorus is always supported, and an additional indirect relationship with an algal biomass intermediary is plausible under some circumstances. Thus, we conclude that these correlations are useful for simple model building but encourage the use of modern statistical methods to avoid common model-assumption violations. C1 [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Cha, YoonKyung] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Stow, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 South State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM craig.stow@noaa.gov OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center FX Pat Soranno, Ken Reckhow, Steve Carpenter, and Tara Stow reviewed early versions of this manuscript. This research was sponsored by a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research. GLERL contribution number 1655. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 16 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 8 BP 3768 EP 3773 DI 10.1021/es304997p PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 129BM UT WOS:000317813400029 PM 23496057 ER PT J AU Hirai, D Bremholm, M Allred, JM Krizan, J Schoop, LM Huang, Q Tao, J Cava, RJ AF Hirai, Daigorou Bremholm, Martin Allred, Jared M. Krizan, Jason Schoop, Leslie M. Huang, Qing Tao, Jing Cava, R. J. TI Spontaneous Formation of Zigzag Chains at the Metal-Insulator Transition in the beta-Pyrochlore CsW2O6 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OXIDE; SPINEL; RBOS2O6; LIV2O4 AB A paramagnetic metal to nonmagnetic insulator transition at T-MIT = 210 K is reported for the beta-pyrochlore oxide CsW2O6, accompanied by a first order structural transition that creates < 110 > oriented chains in the pyrochlore lattice. Comparison of CsW2O6, which has 1 electron per 2 W sites, to the fully d(0) analog CsTaWO6 shows that the transitions are electronically driven. Corefinement of high resolution synchrotron x-ray and neutron diffraction data shows that the structural distortion that creates the W chains cannot be attributed to simple charge or orbital ordering. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the phase transition is driven by a sharply peaked electronic density of states near the Fermi energy in the cubic beta-pyrochlore phase. A further electronic instability is required to create the insulating ground state. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.166402 C1 [Hirai, Daigorou; Bremholm, Martin; Allred, Jared M.; Krizan, Jason; Schoop, Leslie M.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Huang, Qing] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tao, Jing] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hirai, D (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Hongo 7-3-1, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RI Schoop, Leslie/A-4627-2013; Hirai, Daigorou/E-6087-2013; Allred, Jared/N-4719-2014 OI Schoop, Leslie/0000-0003-3459-4241; Hirai, Daigorou/0000-0003-2883-4376; Allred, Jared/0000-0002-5953-300X FU U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-45706]; U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences; Materials Sciences and Engineering Division [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors thank B. H. Toby, L. Ribaud, and M. Suchomel at beam line 11-BM at the APS for their excellent diffraction data, and S. Jia for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Grant No. DE-FG02-45706. Use of the APS at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The work at BNL was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, by the Materials Sciences and Engineering Division under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 and through the use of the Center for Functional Nanomaterials. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 84 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 16 AR 166402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.166402 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 129BO UT WOS:000317813600007 PM 23679626 ER PT J AU Hoeke, RK Storlazzi, CD Ridd, PV AF Hoeke, Ron K. Storlazzi, Curt D. Ridd, Peter V. TI Drivers of circulation in a fringing coral reef embayment: A wave-flow coupled numerical modeling study of Hanalei Bay, Hawaii SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Coral reefs; Coastal circulation; Storms; Waves; Sediment transport; Hawaii Pacific ID SET-UP; COASTAL REGIONS; RESIDENCE TIME; LAGOON; WATER; SEDIMENT; KAUAI; ISLANDS; ATOLL; STEEP AB A coupled wave-circulation numerical model of Hanalei Bay, Hawaii, was constructed to investigate controls on nearshore hydrodynamics and overall circulation of a bathymetrically-complex coral reef embayment that is exposed to large waves and river floods several times per annum. The model was calibrated using in situ data representative of the two conditions that dominate the region's wave climate: one associated with local trade winds and associated trade-wind waves, and the other with distant-source episodic large swells. The model results were improved by including spatially-varying hydrodynamic bed roughness and making the semi-empirical wave-breaking parameter dependent on incident wave steepness and reef slope. During trade-wind conditions, circulation was primarily wind-driven and volume flux-based flushing times of the bay were on the order of 35 h. Under the episodic swell conditions, circulation were dominated by wave-driven flows and flushing times decreased to as little as 2 h. The vigorous hydrodynamics that occur during the upper 10% most energetic swell conditions indicate that only a few (0-10) events each year are likely capable of exporting significant volumes of sediment from the bay. Like many fringing reef areas backed by steep-sided watersheds on tropical and sub-tropical high islands worldwide, Hanalei Bay receives high episodic fluvial sediment load during a similarly low number of flood events. These similarly episodic but decoupled processes of sediment delivery and removal identified here suggest that the water quality and sedimentary environment of Hanalei Bay and similar linked watershed-reef systems are sensitive to changes in annual storm frequency and intensity. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hoeke, Ron K.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hoeke, Ron K.] NOAA Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Hoeke, Ron K.; Ridd, Peter V.] James Cook Univ, Sch Phys & Engn, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Storlazzi, Curt D.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Hoeke, RK (reprint author), CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, 107-121 Stn St, Aspendale, Vic 3196, Australia. EM Ron.hoeke@csiro.au RI Hoeke, Ron/F-4085-2014; Ridd, Peter/M-5871-2014; TropWATER, Research ID/P-1401-2014; OI Hoeke, Ron/0000-0003-0576-9436; Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490 FU US Geological Survey's Coral Reef Project; NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program; Australia Institute of Marine Science AIMS@JCU program FX This work was jointly supported by the US Geological Survey's Coral Reef Project, NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program, and the Australia Institute of Marine Science AIMS@JCU program. NR 75 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD APR 15 PY 2013 VL 58 BP 79 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2013.03.007 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 161RK UT WOS:000320210800007 ER PT J AU Kramida, A AF Kramida, Alexander TI A Critical Compilation of Energy Levels, Spectral Lines, and Transition Probabilities of Singly Ionized Silver, Ag II SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atomic energy levels; critically evaluated data; ionization limit; singly ionized silver; transition probabilities; wavelengths ID LASER TRANSITIONS; EXTENDED ANALYSIS; SPARK SPECTRUM; TERM SYSTEM; REGION; WAVELENGTHS; PALLADIUM AB All available experimental measurements of the spectrum of the Ag+ ion are critically reviewed. Systematic shifts are removed from the measured wavelengths. The compiled list of critically evaluated wavelengths is used to derive a comprehensive list of energy levels with well-defined uncertainties. Eigenvector compositions and level designations are found in two alternate coupling schemes. Some of the older work is found to be incorrect. A revised value of the ionization energy, 173283( 7) cm(-1), equivalent to 21.4844(8) eV, is derived from the new energy levels. A set of critically evaluated transition probabilities is given. C1 NIST, Atom Spect Grp, Quantum Measurement Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kramida, A (reprint author), NIST, Atom Spect Grp, Quantum Measurement Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alexander.kramida@nist.gov OI Kramida, Alexander/0000-0002-0788-8087 FU U. S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work is supported in part by the U. S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2013 VL 118 BP 168 EP 198 DI 10.6028/jres.118.009 PG 31 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 140WS UT WOS:000318687700001 PM 26401429 ER PT J AU Long, WC Swiney, KM Foy, RJ AF Long, W. Christopher Swiney, Katherine M. Foy, Robert J. TI Effects of ocean acidification on the embryos and larvae of red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Ocean acidification; Red king crab; Embryo development; Larvae; Environmental stressor ID ACID-BASE-BALANCE; SEA-URCHIN; CHASMAGNATHUS-GRANULATA; INCUBATION-TEMPERATURE; SEAWATER ACIDIFICATION; CHIONOECETES-OPILIO; THERMAL TOLERANCE; ESTUARINE CRAB; LIFE-HISTORY; SNOW CRAB AB The effects of the decline in ocean pH, known as ocean acidification, on marine species are not well understood. To test the effects on embryos and larvae of red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus, ovigerous crab and their larvae were held in CO2-acidified (pH 7.7) and control (ambient; pH 8.0) seawater during development. Morphometrics, hatch duration, fecundity, survival, mineral content, and condition were measured. Acidified embryos had 4% larger eyes and 5% smaller yolks, while mean hatch duration was 33% longer and female fecundity was unaffected. Acidified embryos also resulted in 4% longer larvae while acidified larvae had lower survival. Calcium content of both larvae and female carapaces after molting increased by 5% and 19%, respectively. Although ocean acidification may increase larval size and calcium content, the implications of this are unclear and decreased survival is likely to harm red king crab populations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Long, W. Christopher; Swiney, Katherine M.; Foy, Robert J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div,Kodiak L, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Long, WC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div,Kodiak L, 301 Res Ct, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM chris.long@noaa.gov RI Long, William/C-7074-2009; OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245; Swiney, Katherine/0000-0001-5482-2710 NR 56 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 87 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR 15 PY 2013 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 38 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.01.011 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 136QB UT WOS:000318377400018 ER PT J AU Jantz, LA Morishige, CL Bruland, GL Lepczyk, CA AF Jantz, Lesley A. Morishige, Carey L. Bruland, Gregory L. Lepczyk, Christopher A. TI Ingestion of plastic marine debris by longnose lancetfish (Alepisaurus ferox) in the North Pacific Ocean SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Hawaii-based longline fishery; Ingestion; Longnose lancetfish; Marine debris; Piscivorous fish; Plastic ID TURTLES CARETTA-CARETTA; SEA-TURTLES; ENVIRONMENT; WATERS; HAWAII; DIET; MIGRATION; POLLUTION; HABITAT; FORAGE AB Plastic marine debris affects species on most trophic levels, including pelagic fish. While plastic debris ingestion has been investigated in planktivorous fish in the North Pacific Ocean, little knowledge exists on piscivorous fish. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of occurrence and the composition of ingested plastic marine debris in longnose lancetfish (Alepisaurus ferox), a piscivorous fish species captured in the Hawaii-based pelagic longline fishery. Nearly a quarter (47 of 192) of A. ferox sampled contained plastic marine debris, primarily in the form of plastic fragments (51.9%). No relationship existed between size (silhouette area) or amount of plastic marine debris ingested and morphometrics of A. ferox. Although A. ferox are not consumed by humans, they are common prey for fish commercially harvested for human consumption. Further research is needed to determine residence time of ingested plastic marine debris and behavior of toxins associated with plastic debris. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jantz, Lesley A.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Reg Observer Program, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. [Morishige, Carey L.] NOAA, Marine Debris Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Morishige, Carey L.] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Bruland, Gregory L.] Principia Coll, Dept Biol, Elsah, IL 62028 USA. [Lepczyk, Christopher A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Jantz, LA (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Isl Reg Observer Program, 1601 Kapiolani Blvd,Suite 1110, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. EM Lesley.Jantz@noaa.gov; Carey.Morishige@noaa.gov; Greg.Bruland@prin.edu; lepczyk@hawaii.edu OI Bruland, Gregory/0000-0002-3016-8088 NR 36 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 9 U2 96 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR 15 PY 2013 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.01.019 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 136QB UT WOS:000318377400024 PM 23465573 ER PT J AU Sapozhnikova, Y Wirth, E Schiff, K Fulton, M AF Sapozhnikova, Yelena Wirth, Edward Schiff, Kenneth Fulton, Michael TI Antifouling biocides in water and sediments from California marinas SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Irgarol 1051; M1; Diuron; Water; Sediments; Marinas; California ID PAINT BOOSTER BIOCIDES; COASTAL WATERS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; IRGAROL 1051; FATE; PERSISTENCE; CONTAMINATION; METABOLITE; PARTICLES AB Irgarol 1051 is a common antifouling biocide and is highly toxic to non-target plant species at low ng/L concentrations. We measured up to 254 ng/L Irgarol in water and up to 9 ng/g dry weight Irgarol in sediments from Southern California recreational marinas. Irgarol's metabolite, M1, concentrations were up to 62 ng/L in water and 5 ng/g dry weight in sediments. Another antifouling biocide, diuron, reached up to 68 ng/L in water and 4 ng/g dry weight in sediments. The maximum Irgarol concentrations in water were greater than the Irgarol concentration recommended as the plant toxicity benchmark (136 ng/L), suggesting that Irgarol concentrations may be high enough to cause changes in phytoplankton communities in the sampled marinas. Irgarol concentrations measured in sediments were greater than calculated Environmental Risk Limits (ERLs) for Irgarol in sediments (1.4 ng/g). Antifouling pesticide accumulation in sediments may present a potential undetermined risk for benthic organisms. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sapozhnikova, Yelena] NOAA, JHT Inc, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Sapozhnikova, Yelena; Wirth, Edward; Fulton, Michael] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Schiff, Kenneth] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. RP Sapozhnikova, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM yelena.sapozhnikova@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR 15 PY 2013 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 189 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.01.039 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 136QB UT WOS:000318377400036 PM 23453818 ER PT J AU Bookatz, AD Jordan, SP Liu, YK Wocjan, P AF Bookatz, Adam D. Jordan, Stephen P. Liu, Yi-Kai Wocjan, Pawel TI Quantum nonexpander problem is quantum-Merlin-Arthur-complete SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID EXPANDERS; QMA AB A quantum expander is a unital quantum channel that is rapidly mixing, has only a few Kraus operators, and can be implemented efficiently on a quantum computer. We consider the problem of estimating the mixing time (i.e., the spectral gap) of a quantum expander. We show that the problem of deciding whether a quantum channel is not rapidly mixing is a complete problem for the quantum Merlin-Arthur complexity class. This has applications to testing randomized constructions of quantum expanders and studying thermalization of open quantum systems. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.042317 C1 [Bookatz, Adam D.; Wocjan, Pawel] MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Jordan, Stephen P.; Liu, Yi-Kai] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wocjan, Pawel] MIT, Dept Math, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Bookatz, AD (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM bookatz@mit.edu; stephen.jordan@nist.gov; yi-kai.liu@nist.gov; wocjan@eecs.ucf.edu FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER41360]; National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center for Science of Information [CCF-0939370]; NSF [CCF-0746600] FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy under cooperative research agreement Contract No. DE-FG02-05ER41360, as well as by the National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center for Science of Information under Grant No. CCF-0939370. P.W. gratefully acknowledges the support from NSF CAREER Award No. CCF-0746600. Contributions to this work by NIST, an agency of the US government, are not subject to US copyright. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 15 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 4 AR 042317 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.042317 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 126BJ UT WOS:000317585800006 ER PT J AU Adem, SM Mansfield, E Keogh, JP Hall, HK Aspinwall, CA AF Adem, Seid M. Mansfield, Elisabeth Keogh, John P. Hall, Henry K., Jr. Aspinwall, Craig A. TI Practical considerations for preparing polymerized phospholipid bilayer capillary coatings for protein separations SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Phospholipids; Capillary coating; Polymerized lipid bilayer; Bis-SorbPC ID AQUEOUS-ORGANIC MEDIA; SILICA CAPILLARIES; VESICLE FUSION; ELECTROPHORESIS; ADSORPTION; STABILITY; PH; LIPOSOMES; FABRICATION; ASSEMBLIES AB Phosphorylcholine (PC) based phospholipid bilayers have proven useful as capillary coating materials due to their inherent resistance to non-specific protein adsorption. The primary limitation of this important class of capillary coatings remains the limited long-term chemical and physical stability of the coatings. Recently, a method for increasing phospholipid coating stability in fused silica capillaries via utilization of polymerized, synthetic phospholipids was reported. Here, we expand upon these studies by investigating polymerized lipid bilayer capillary coatings with respect to separation performance including run-to-run, day-to-day and column-to-column reproducibility and long-term stability. In addition, the effects of pH and capillary inner diameter on polymerized phospholipid coated capillaries were investigated to identify optimized coating conditions. The coatings are stabilized for protein separations across a wide range of pH values (4.0-9.3), a unique property for capillary coating materials. Additionally, smaller inner diameter capillaries (<= 50 mu m) were found to yield marked enhancements in coating stability and reproducibility compared to wider bore capillaries, demonstrating the importance of capillary size for separations employing polymerized phospholipid coatings. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Adem, Seid M.] Washburn Univ, Dept Chem, Topeka, KS 66621 USA. [Adem, Seid M.; Mansfield, Elisabeth; Keogh, John P.; Hall, Henry K., Jr.; Aspinwall, Craig A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Mansfield, Elisabeth] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Aspinwall, Craig A.] Univ Arizona, Inst Bio5, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Adem, SM (reprint author), 1700 SW Coll Ave, Topeka, KS 66621 USA. EM seid.adem@washburn.edu OI Aspinwall, Craig/0000-0002-4359-5812 FU National Institutes of Health [GM095763, EB007047] FX This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health under grant numbers GM095763 and EB007047. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD APR 15 PY 2013 VL 772 BP 93 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2013.02.023 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 126RA UT WOS:000317637700012 PM 23540253 ER PT J AU Kuo, PS Pelc, JS Slattery, O Kim, YS Fejer, MM Tang, X AF Kuo, Paulina S. Pelc, Jason S. Slattery, Oliver Kim, Yong-Su Fejer, M. M. Tang, Xiao TI Reducing noise in single-photon-level frequency conversion SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LINBO3 WAVE-GUIDES; UP-CONVERSION; WAVELENGTH; DETECTOR; INTERFACE; EFFICIENT; BAND AB We demonstrate low-noise and efficient frequency conversion by sum-frequency mixing in a periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) waveguide. Using a 1556 nm pump, 1302 nm photons are efficiently converted to 709 nm photons. We obtain 70% conversion efficiency in the PPLN waveguide and >50% external conversion efficiency with 600 noise counts per second at peak conversion with continuous-wave pumping. We simultaneously achieve low noise and high conversion efficiency by careful spectral filtering. We discuss the impact of low-noise frequency translation on single-photon upconversion detection and quantum information applications. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Kuo, Paulina S.; Slattery, Oliver; Kim, Yong-Su; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kuo, Paulina S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kuo, Paulina S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pelc, Jason S.; Fejer, M. M.] Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Kuo, PS (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pkuo@nist.gov NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 35 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1310 EP 1312 DI 10.1364/OL.38.001310 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 125ZG UT WOS:000317580200043 PM 23595468 ER PT J AU Ratcliff, W Yamani, Z Anbusathaiah, V Gao, TR Kienzle, PA Cao, H Takeuchi, I AF Ratcliff, W., II Yamani, Zahra Anbusathaiah, V. Gao, T. R. Kienzle, P. A. Cao, H. Takeuchi, I. TI Electric-field-controlled antiferromagnetic domains in epitaxial BiFeO3 thin films probed by neutron diffraction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE BIAS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; HETEROSTRUCTURES AB Direct evidence of controlling the population of magnetic domains in BiFeO3 thin films through electric field is reported using neutron diffraction. By fabricating BiFeO3 thin films on vicinal SrTiO3 substrates, we have achieved ferroelectric monodomains as confirmed by piezoresponse force microscopy. The application of an electric field between the bottom SrRuO3 and the top electrode switches the ferroelectric domain state with concomitant changes in magnetic reflections observed with neutron diffraction, indicating changes in the antiferromagnetic domain populations. The observed magnetoelectric switching behavior by neutron diffraction is compared with the electric-field effect on the magneto-optical Kerr effect measurement on patterned pads of exchange coupled Co film deposited on top of the BiFeO3 films. The present result shows possible new directions for the realization of magnetoelectric devices. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.140405 C1 [Ratcliff, W., II; Kienzle, P. A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yamani, Zahra] Chalk River Labs, Natl Res Council, Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Anbusathaiah, V.; Gao, T. R.; Takeuchi, I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20424 USA. [Cao, H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ratcliff, W (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.ratcliff@nist.gov RI Gao, Tieren/F-6410-2013; yamani, zahra/B-7892-2012; Cao, Huibo/A-6835-2016 OI Cao, Huibo/0000-0002-5970-4980 FU UMD-NSF-MRSEC [DMR 0520471]; NSF DMR [0603644]; ARO [W911NF-07-1-0410]; W. M. Keck Foundation; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce [70NANB7H6177] FX We acknowledge useful contributions from K. Kothapalli. We also acknowledge useful conversations with Mark Stiles and J. A. Borchers. Work at Maryland was supported by access to the Shared Experimental Facilities of the UMD-NSF-MRSEC (DMR 0520471), NSF DMR 0603644, and ARO W911NF-07-1-0410. The work was also supported by the W. M. Keck Foundation. The research at the High Flux Isotope Reactor, Oak Ridge National Laboratory was supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce through Grant No. 70NANB7H6177 and in providing neutron research facilities used in this work. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 76 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 14 AR 140405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.140405 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 126CA UT WOS:000317587700001 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Chung, JY Chan, EP Stafford, CM AF Lee, Jung-Hyun Chung, Jun Young Chan, Edwin P. Stafford, Christopher M. TI Correlating chlorine-induced changes in mechanical properties to performance in polyamide-based thin film composite membranes SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Thin film composite membranes; Mechanical properties; Chlorination; Reverse osmosis; Nanofiltration ID REVERSE-OSMOSIS MEMBRANE; HYDROGEN-BONDING BEHAVIOR; HYPOCHLORITE DEGRADATION; NF MEMBRANES; NANOFILTRATION MEMBRANES; WATER-PURIFICATION; LAYER; RO; HETEROGENEITY; DESALINATION AB In this study, chlorine-induced structural changes of fully-aromatic and semi-aromatic polyamide (PA) active layers used in reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes, respectively, were investigated by a combination of mechanical property measurements and performance studies. Our results indicated that chlorination causes quite different changes in mechanical properties of the active layer depending on the chemical nature of the PA, as identified by increased brittleness for a fully-aromatic PA and improved ductility for a semi-aromatic PA. Moreover, the results revealed that the mechanical responses of the PA active layers after chlorine exposure correlate to the overall membrane performance. A significant increase in water flux and a large decrease in salt rejection were observed for the RO membrane after chlorination, which can be ascribed to the increased fragility and resultant defects of the oxidized fully-aromatic PA network. In sharp contrast, the chlorination of the NE membrane resulted in a slightly reduced water flux accompanied with improved salt rejection, suggestive of structural compaction and densification of the semi-aromatic PA network induced by enhanced chain flexibility. We contend that our thin film measurement methodology provides key mechanical property measurements of the PA active layer and begins to bridge the gap between compositional chemical analyses and membrane performance measurements. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lee, Jung-Hyun; Chung, Jun Young; Chan, Edwin P.; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Jung-Hyun] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Mat Architecturing, Seoul 136791, South Korea. RP Stafford, CM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chris.stafford@nist.gov RI Lee, Jung-Hyun/H-1096-2011 FU Center for Materials Architecturing of KIST FX The authors thank Hydranautics/Nitto Denko and Dow Filmtec for providing membrane materials. This work is an official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States. This work was financially supported in part by a grant from the Center for Materials Architecturing of KIST. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD APR 15 PY 2013 VL 433 BP 72 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.01.026 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 115FW UT WOS:000316799000009 ER PT J AU Zhao, J Barnes, B Melo, N English, D Lapointe, B Muller-Karger, F Schaeffer, B Hu, CM AF Zhao, Jun Barnes, Brian Melo, Nelson English, David Lapointe, Brian Muller-Karger, Frank Schaeffer, Blake Hu, Chuanmin TI Assessment of satellite-derived diffuse attenuation coefficients and euphotic depths in south Florida coastal waters SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ocean color; Remote sensing; MODIS; SeaWiFS; Bio-optical algorithm; Diffuse attenuation coefficient; Euphotic depth ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CHLOROPHYLL-A CONCENTRATIONS; REMOTE-SENSING REFLECTANCE; OCEAN-COLOR; SHALLOW WATERS; BIOOPTICAL PROPERTIES; MULTISENSOR APPROACH; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CASE-1 WATERS; SEAWIFS AB Optical data collected in coastal waters off South Florida and in the Caribbean Sea between January 2009 and December 2010 were used to evaluate products derived with three bio-optical inversion algorithms applied to MODIS/Aqua, MODIS/Terra, and SeaWiFS satellite observations. The products included the diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm (K-d_490) and for the visible range (K-d_PAR), and euphotic depth (Z(eu), corresponding to 1% of the surface incident photosynthetically available radiation or PAR). Above-water hyperspectral reflectance data collected over optically shallow waters of the Florida Keys between June 1997 and August 2011 were used to help understand algorithm performance over optically shallow waters. The in situ data covered a variety of water types in South Florida and the Caribbean Sea, ranging from deep clear waters, turbid coastal waters, and optically shallow waters (K-d_490 range of similar to 0.03-1.29 m(-1)). An algorithm based on Inherent Optical Properties (IOPs) showed the best performance (RMSD<13% and R-2 similar to 1.0 for MODIS/Aqua and SeaWiFS). Two algorithms based on empirical regressions performed well for offshore clear waters, but underestimated K-d_490 and K-d_PAR in coastal waters due to high turbidity or shallow bottom contamination. Similar results were obtained when only in situ data were used to evaluate algorithm performance. The excellent agreement between satellite-derived remote sensing reflectance (R-rs) and in situ R-rs suggested that the different product uncertainties resulted primarily from algorithm inversion as opposed to atmospheric correction. A simple empirical model was developed to derive Z(eu), from K-d_490 for satellite measurements of nearshore waters. MODIS/Aqua gave the best results in general relative to in situ observations. Our findings lay the basis for synoptic time-series studies of water quality in coastal ecosystems, yet more work is required to minimize the bottom interference in the Florida Keys optically shallow waters. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Jun; Barnes, Brian; English, David; Muller-Karger, Frank; Hu, Chuanmin] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Melo, Nelson] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meterol Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Melo, Nelson] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Lapointe, Brian] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Schaeffer, Blake] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. RP Hu, CM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM hu@marine.usf.edu RI Melo, Nelson/A-5983-2011 OI Melo, Nelson/0000-0001-7563-5420 FU U.S. NASA Biology and Biogeochemistry Program; Gulf of Mexico Program; Water and Energy Cycle Program; NOAA/OAR Ship Charter Fund; NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research; NOAA's Deepwater Horizon Supplemental Appropriation; US Army Corps of Engineers FX This study was supported by the U.S. NASA Biology and Biogeochemistry Program, Gulf of Mexico Program, and Water and Energy Cycle Program. Field support came from the South Florida Program (SFP) of NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. The SFP has been funded by the NOAA/OAR Ship Charter Fund, NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research, NOAA's Deepwater Horizon Supplemental Appropriation, and the US Army Corps of Engineers. We are indebted to the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) who distributed the SeaDAS software package as well as MODIS and SeaWiFS data. We also want to thank George Craven, John Lehrter, and Jessica Aukamp from the US EPA, as well as the crew of the R/V F. G. Walton Smith for their assistance in collecting the in situ data. We are thankful to two anonymous reviewers who provided substantial comments and suggestions that led to the improvement of this manuscript. NR 52 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR 15 PY 2013 VL 131 BP 38 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.12.009 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 098JZ UT WOS:000315546900003 ER PT J AU Hirpa, FA Hopson, TM De Groeve, T Brakenridge, GR Gebremichael, M Restrepo, PJ AF Hirpa, Feyera A. Hopson, Thomas M. De Groeve, Tom Brakenridge, G. Robert Gebremichael, Mekonnen Restrepo, Pedro J. TI Upstream satellite remote sensing for river discharge forecasting: Application to major rivers in South Asia SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Floods; Forecasting; Flow estimation; Flood wave; Wave speed ID WATER-LEVEL CHANGES; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER; RADAR; BANGLADESH; ALTIMETRY; SCALES AB In this work we demonstrate the utility of satellite remote sensing for river discharge nowcasting and forecasting for two major rivers, the Ganges and Brahmaputra, in southern Asia. Passive microwave sensing of the river and floodplain at more than twenty locations upstream of Hardinge Bridge (Ganges) and Bahadurabad (Brahmaputra) gauging stations are used to: 1) examine the capability of remotely sensed flow information to track the downstream propagation of river flow waves and 2) evaluate their use in producing river flow nowcasts, and forecasts at 1-15 days lead time. The pattern of correlation between upstream satellite data and in situ observations of downstream discharge is used to estimate wave propagation time. This pattern of correlation is combined with a cross-validation method to select the satellite sites that produce the most accurate river discharge estimates in a lagged regression model. The results show that the well-correlated satellite-derived flow (SDF) signals were able to detect the propagation of a river flow wave along both river channels. The daily river discharge (contemporaneous) nowcast produced from the upstream SDFs could be used to provide missing data estimates given its Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of 0.8 for both rivers; and forecasts have considerably better skill than autoregressive moving-average (ARMA) model beyond 3-day lead time for Brahmaputra. Due to the expected better accuracy of the SDF for detecting large flows, the forecast error is found to be lower for high flows compared to low flows. Overall, we conclude that satellite-based flow estimates are a useful source of dynamical surface water information in data-scarce regions and that they could be used for model calibration and data assimilation purposes in near-time hydrologic forecast applications. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hirpa, Feyera A.; Gebremichael, Mekonnen] Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Hopson, Thomas M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [De Groeve, Tom] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Brakenridge, G. Robert] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, CSDMS, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Restrepo, Pedro J.] NOAA, North Cent River Forecast Ctr, Chanhassen, MN 55317 USA. RP Hopson, TM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM fah07002@engr.uconn.edu; hopson@ucar.edu; tom.de-groeve@jrc.ec.europa.eu; robert.brakenridge@colorado.edu; mekonnen@engr.uconn.edu; Pedro.Restrepo@noaa.gov RI Hirpa, Feyera/I-8404-2016 OI Hirpa, Feyera/0000-0002-4919-4753 FU NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship; Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering (CESE) of the University of Connecticut [CESE 2010-11]; Multidisciplinary Environmental Research Award; NASA [NNX12AQ34G] FX The first author was supported by NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship. He is also thankful to the Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering (CESE) of the University of Connecticut for the partial financial support through 'CESE 2010-11 Graduate Student Research Assistantships' and 'Multidisciplinary Environmental Research Award, 2010-2011'. We are grateful for the Flood Forecasting and Warning Center of Bangladesh for providing the river stage data used in this project, and for the assistance of Jennifer Boehnert With GIS support. We also gratefully acknowledge NASA grant NNX12AQ34G which partially supported this research. The paper greatly benefited from inputs of three anonymous reviewers. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 74 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR 15 PY 2013 VL 131 BP 140 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.11.013 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 098JZ UT WOS:000315546900010 ER PT J AU Swaminathan, P Grapes, MD Woll, K Barron, SC LaVan, DA Weihs, TP AF Swaminathan, P. Grapes, M. D. Woll, K. Barron, S. C. LaVan, D. A. Weihs, T. P. TI Studying exothermic reactions in the Ni-Al system at rapid heating rates using a nanocalorimeter SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SHARP CONCENTRATION GRADIENTS; THIN-FILM REACTIONS; TRANSIENT NUCLEATION; MULTILAYER FOILS; PHASE; KINETICS; INTERMETALLICS; INTERFACES; STABILITY; DIFFUSION AB Heats of reaction and heat capacity changes were measured using scanning nanocalorimetry for a nickel and aluminum bilayer where initial heating rates of 10(4) K/s were achieved. Multiple exotherms were observed on the initial heating, but the number of intermediate exotherms decreased with increasing heating rate. The final phase was the B2 NiAl intermetallic. Results from the nanocalorimeter were compared with a conventional differential scanning calorimeter (operating at 0.7 K/s) to understand the effect of significant (10 000x) increases in heating rate on the phase transformation sequence. The high heating rate in the nanocalorimeter delays reaction initiation, causes the exothermic peaks to shift to higher temperatures, and appears to suppress the formation of intermediate, metastable phases. Potential explanations for this apparent suppression are discussed. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4799628] C1 [Swaminathan, P.; Grapes, M. D.; Woll, K.; Barron, S. C.; Weihs, T. P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Swaminathan, P.; Barron, S. C.; LaVan, D. A.] NIST, Funct Properties Grp, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Swaminathan, P (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM swamnthn@gmail.com; david.lavan@nist.gov RI LaVan, David/C-3943-2012; Weihs, Timothy/A-3313-2010 OI LaVan, David/0000-0002-1952-0028; FU NIST [70NANB9H9146]; U.S. DOE Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-SC0002509] FX Research was supported by NIST Grant No. 70NANB9H9146. Research is performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science & Technology. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this document. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the products identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. We thank Mark Vaudin at NIST for help with the EBSD measurements and Dr. Kenneth J. T. Livi at the HRAEM Facility of the Integrated Imaging Center at Johns Hopkins University for performing the TEM characterization. The modeling work of KW was supported by the U.S. DOE Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award No. DE-SC0002509. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 47 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 14 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 14 AR 143509 DI 10.1063/1.4799628 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 134YB UT WOS:000318250600026 ER PT J AU Zhu, JL Feng, SM Liu, QQ Zhang, JZ Xu, HW Li, YC Li, XD Liu, J Huang, QZ Zhao, YS Jin, CQ AF Zhu, Jinlong Feng, Shaomin Liu, Qingqing Zhang, Jianzhong Xu, Hongwu Li, Yanchun Li, Xiaodong Liu, Jing Huang, Qingzhen Zhao, Yusheng Jin, Changqing TI Temperature and pressure effects of multiferroic Bi2NiTiO6 compound SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MAGNETIC FERROELECTRICS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; BIMNO3; POLARIZATION; OXIDE AB Bi2NiTiO6 compound which shows both magnetic (T-M = 58 K) and ferroelectric properties (T-C = 513 K) was synthesized under high pressure of 5 GPa and temperature of 1273 K. The crystal structure, as determined by X-ray powder diffraction and neutron powder diffraction, is a distorted A(B1B2)O-3 type perovskite with space group Pn2(1)a. Structural evolution of multiferroic Bi2NiTiO6 shows that there are two isostructural phase transitions at similar to 2 GPa and similar to 15 GPa under high pressure and at room temperature and indicates that isostructural phase transitions occurred with temperature higher than 823 K under ambient condition. All the isostructural phase transitions come from the Bi ion discontinuous shift, which identifies the phase transition at similar to 15 GPa and at temperature higher than 823 K are the same. Using a modified high-T Birch-Murnaghan equation of state and a thermal-pressure approach, we have derived the thermoelastic parameters of high pressure phase Bi2NiTiO6, including the ambient bulk modulus K-0, temperature derivative of bulk modulus at constant pressure, volumetric thermal expansivity, pressure derivative of thermal expansion, and temperature derivative of bulk modulus at constant volume. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4801630] C1 [Zhu, Jinlong; Feng, Shaomin; Liu, Qingqing; Zhao, Yusheng; Jin, Changqing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Jinlong; Zhang, Jianzhong; Zhao, Yusheng] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Xu, Hongwu] Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Li, Yanchun; Li, Xiaodong; Liu, Jing] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing High Pressure Res Ctr, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Huang, Qingzhen] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Yusheng] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys & Astron, HiPSEC, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Zhang, JZ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jzhang@lanl.gov; Yusheng.Zhao@unlv.edu; Jin@iphy.ac.cn OI Xu, Hongwu/0000-0002-0793-6923; Zhang, Jianzhong/0000-0001-5508-1782 FU laboratory-directed research and development (LDRD) program of Los Alamos National Laboratory; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; NSF of China; MOST of China [2009CB623301, 10820101049] FX This work was supported by the laboratory-directed research and development (LDRD) program of Los Alamos National Laboratory, which is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Use of the X17B2 beamline was supported by COMPRES, the Consortium for Materials Properties Research in Earth Sciences under NSF Cooperative Agreement No. EAR 01-35554, and by the Mineral Physics Institute, Stony Brook University. Work at IOPCAS was supported by NSF & MOST of China through research projects (Nos. 2009CB623301 and 10820101049). NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 50 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 14 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 14 AR 143514 DI 10.1063/1.4801630 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 134YB UT WOS:000318250600031 ER PT J AU Dong, L Jiang, L Hu, H Pu, H AF Dong, Lin Jiang, Lei Hu, Hui Pu, Han TI Finite-momentum dimer bound state in a spin-orbit-coupled Fermi gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL ATOMS AB We investigate the two-body properties of a spin-1/2 Fermi gas subject to a spin-orbit coupling induced by laser fields. When an attractive s-wave interaction between unlike spins is present, the system may form a dimer bound state. Surprisingly, in the presence of a Zeeman field along the direction of the spin-orbit coupling, the bound state obtains finite center-of-mass mechanical momentum, whereas under the same condition but in the absence of the two-body interaction, the system has zero total momentum. This unusual result can be regarded as a consequence of the broken Galilean invariance by the spin-orbit coupling. Such a finite-momentum bound state will have profound effects on the many-body properties of the system. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.043616 C1 [Dong, Lin; Pu, Han] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Dong, Lin; Pu, Han] Rice Univ, Rice Quantum Inst, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Jiang, Lei] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jiang, Lei] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hu, Hui] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Atom Opt & Ultrafast Spect, ARC Ctr Excellence Quantum Atom Opt, Melbourne, Vic 3122, Australia. RP Dong, L (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RI HU, Hui/C-6878-2009; Pu, Han/F-2318-2011 OI HU, Hui/0000-0002-1541-1756; Pu, Han/0000-0002-0018-3076 FU NSF; Welch Foundation [C-1669]; DARPA; ARC [DP0984522]; National Basic Research Program of China (NFRP-China) [2011CB921502] FX H.P. is supported by the NSF, the Welch Foundation (Grant No. C-1669), and DARPA. H.H. is supported by the ARC Discovery Projects (Grant No. DP0984522) and the National Basic Research Program of China (NFRP-China, Grant No. 2011CB921502). We would like to thank Vijay Shenoy, Biao Wu, Wei Yi, and Xiangfa Zhou for useful discussions, and Vijay Shenoy for sharing his note before publication [26]. NR 28 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 12 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 4 AR 043616 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.043616 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 126AZ UT WOS:000317584800011 ER PT J AU Hammouda, B AF Hammouda, Boualem TI Temperature Effect on the Nanostructure of SDS Micelles in Water SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aggregation number; critical micelle temperature; ellipsoidal particles; material balance equations; micelle structure; SANS; SDS; small-angle neutron scattering; sodium dodecyl sulfate; surfactant ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SODIUM; SANS; MIXTURES; SIZE; DTAB AB Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactants form micelles when dissolved in water. These are formed of a hydrocarbon core and hydrophilic ionic surface. The small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) technique was used with deuterated water (D2O) in order to characterize the micelle structure. Micelles were found to be slightly compressed (oblate ellipsoids) and their sizes shrink with increasing temperature. Fits of SANS data to the Mean Spherical Approximation (MSA) model yielded a calculated micelle volume fraction which was lower than the SDS surfactant (sample mixing) volume fraction; this suggests that part of the SDS molecules do not participate in micelle formation and remain homogeneously mixed in the solvent. A set of material balance equations allowed the estimation of the SDS fraction in the micelles. This fraction was found to be high (close to one) except for samples around 1 % SDS fraction. The micelle aggregation number was found to decrease with increasing temperature and/or decreasing SDS fraction. C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hammouda, B (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hammouda@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX This work is based upon activities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. Steve Kline's efforts in putting together the IGOR-based NCNR data analysis software package are appreciated. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 7 U2 34 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD APR 11 PY 2013 VL 118 BP 151 EP 167 DI 10.6028/jres.118.008 PG 17 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 140WP UT WOS:000318687400001 PM 26401428 ER PT J AU Ashraf, RS Schroeder, BC Bronstein, HA Huang, ZG Thomas, S Kline, RJ Brabec, CJ Rannou, P Anthopoulos, TD Durrant, JR McCulloch, I AF Ashraf, Raja Shahid Schroeder, Bob C. Bronstein, Hugo A. Huang, Zhenggang Thomas, Stuart Kline, R. Joseph Brabec, Christoph J. Rannou, Patrice Anthopoulos, Thomas D. Durrant, James R. McCulloch, Iain TI The Influence of Polymer Purification on Photovoltaic Device Performance of a Series of Indacenodithiophene Donor Polymers SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE indacenodithiophene; purification; fractionation; organic photovoltaics ID HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR-CELLS; BAND-GAP POLYMERS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; TRANSISTORS; DESIGN AB A series of low bandgap indacenodithiophene polymers is purified by recycling SEC in order to isolate narrow poly-dispersity fractions. This additional purification step is found to have a significant beneficial influence on the solar cell performance and the reasons for this performance increase are investigated. C1 [Ashraf, Raja Shahid; Schroeder, Bob C.; Bronstein, Hugo A.; Huang, Zhenggang; Durrant, James R.; McCulloch, Iain] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Ashraf, Raja Shahid; Schroeder, Bob C.; Bronstein, Hugo A.; Huang, Zhenggang; Thomas, Stuart; Anthopoulos, Thomas D.; Durrant, James R.; McCulloch, Iain] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Plast Elect, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Thomas, Stuart; Anthopoulos, Thomas D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Kline, R. Joseph] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brabec, Christoph J.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Mat Elect & Energy Technol I MEET, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Rannou, Patrice] Univ Grenoble 1, CEA Grenoble, Inst Nanosci & Croyogenie INAC, SPrAM,CEA,CNRS,UMR5819, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. RP Ashraf, RS (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM r.ashraf@imperial.ac.uk; b.schroeder10@imperial.ac.uk RI ASHRAF, RAJA SHAHID/A-3640-2008; Bronstein, Hugo/E-2095-2013; Schroeder, Bob/D-8855-2012; Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Thomas, Stuart/L-8808-2014; Rannou, Patrice/J-1605-2015; Brabec, Christoph/N-1897-2013; bronstein, hugo/O-6142-2015 OI ASHRAF, RAJA SHAHID/0000-0003-1885-2271; Brabec, Christoph J./0000-0002-9440-0253; Rannou, Patrice/0000-0001-9376-7136; FU EPSRC [EP/F056710/1, EP/G037515/1]; EC FP7 ONE-P 245 Project [212311]; DPI [678]; Centre for Plastic Electronics at Imperial College London; National Research Fund of Luxembourg FX The authors would like to acknowledge Scott E. Watkins (CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, VIC 3169, Victoria, Australia) for PESA measurements. This work was in part carried out under the EPSRC Project EP/F056710/1, EP/G037515/1, EC FP7 ONE-P 245 Project 212311 and DPI Grant 678, with support from the Centre for Plastic Electronics at Imperial College London and the National Research Fund of Luxembourg. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a Directorate of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University. NR 20 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 102 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD APR 11 PY 2013 VL 25 IS 14 BP 2029 EP 2034 DI 10.1002/adma.201300027 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 123DL UT WOS:000317368500012 PM 23417853 ER PT J AU Fratini, E Faraone, A Ridi, F Chen, SH Baglioni, P AF Fratini, Emiliano Faraone, Antonio Ridi, Francesca Chen, Sow-Hsin Baglioni, Piero TI Hydration Water Dynamics in Tricalcium Silicate Pastes by Time-Resolved Incoherent Elastic Neutron Scattering SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TRANSLATIONAL DYNAMICS; SUPERCOOLED WATER; PROTEIN DYNAMICS; CEMENT PASTES; KINETICS; MODEL; EVOLUTION; NUCLEATION AB The translational dynamics of the hydration water in tricalcium silicate, as well as the curing kinetics of the paste, have been investigated for the first time using neutron elastic backscattering measurements. A detailed analytical model has been formulated to extract the most important features of the calcium silicate curing process. As the curing time passes, water reacts with the tricalcium silicate, forming amorphous calcium silicate hydrate and crystalline calcium hydroxide. Concurrently, the water translational dynamics slows down due to the increased confinement in the developing matrix. The time evolution of the self-diffusion constant for the hydration water shows a decrease of 1 order of magnitude after two days of curing. The presented results agree with recent molecular dynamics simulations and H-1 NMR results on similar systems. C1 [Fratini, Emiliano; Ridi, Francesca; Baglioni, Piero] Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy. [Fratini, Emiliano; Ridi, Francesca; Baglioni, Piero] Univ Florence, CSGI, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy. [Faraone, Antonio] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Faraone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chen, Sow-Hsin] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Baglioni, P (reprint author), Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy. EM piero.baglioni@unifi.it RI Ridi, Francesca/F-2141-2013; Fratini, Emiliano/C-9983-2010; Baglioni, Piero/B-1208-2011 OI Ridi, Francesca/0000-0002-6887-5108; Fratini, Emiliano/0000-0001-7104-6530; Baglioni, Piero/0000-0003-1312-8700 FU MIUR; CSGI; [DE-FG02-90ER45429]; [2113-MIT-DOE-591] FX The authors thank the Institut Laue-Langevin for allocating beam-time on IN13. CTG-Italcementi is kindly acknowledged for providing the synthetic C3S batches. EF, FR, and PB acknowledge financial support from MIUR and CSGI. Research at MIT is supported by DE-FG02-90ER45429 and 2113-MIT-DOE-591. We also would like to acknowledge the reviewers for the very helpful revision that allowed a consistent improvement of our manuscript. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD APR 11 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 14 BP 7358 EP 7364 DI 10.1021/jp312684p PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 125PB UT WOS:000317552200050 ER PT J AU Chantler, CT Kinnane, MN Gillaspy, JD Hudson, LT Payne, AT Smale, LF Henins, A Pomeroy, JM Kimpton, JA Takacs, E Makonyi, K AF Chantler, C. T. Kinnane, M. N. Gillaspy, J. D. Hudson, L. T. Payne, A. T. Smale, L. F. Henins, A. Pomeroy, J. M. Kimpton, J. A. Takacs, E. Makonyi, K. TI Comment on "Testing Three-Body Quantum Electrodynamics with Trapped Ti20+ Ions: Evidence for a Z-Dependent Divergence Between Experiment and Calculation" Reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Chantler, C. T.; Kinnane, M. N.; Payne, A. T.; Smale, L. F.; Kimpton, J. A.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Kinnane, M. N.; Gillaspy, J. D.; Hudson, L. T.; Henins, A.; Pomeroy, J. M.; Makonyi, K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kimpton, J. A.] Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia. [Takacs, E.] Univ Debrecen, Expt Phys Dept, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary. RP Chantler, CT (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM chantler@unimelb.edu.au NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 11 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 15 AR 159302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.159302 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 124JL UT WOS:000317459500004 PM 25167322 ER PT J AU Wang, MY Turko, IV AF Wang, Meiyao Turko, Illarion V. TI Mass Spectrometry Quantification Revealed Accumulation of C-Terminal Fragment of Apolipoprotein E in the Alzheimer's Frontal Cortex SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID THROMBIN-CLEAVAGE FRAGMENT; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; DISEASE BRAIN; E ISOFORMS; A-BETA; IDENTIFICATION; NEUROTOXICITY; PROTEOLYSIS; PROTEINS; DOMAINS AB Polymorphic variation in the apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene is the major genetic susceptibility factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and likely contributes to neuropathology through various pathways. It is also recognized that apoE undergoes proteolytic cleavage in the brain and the resultant apoE fragments likely have a variety of bioactive properties that regulate neuronal signaling and may promote neurodegeneration. ApoE fragmentation in the human brain has been intensively studied using different immunochemical methods, but has never been analyzed in a quantitative manner to establish preferably accumulated fragments. Here we report quantification using multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MRM MS) with N-15-labeled full-length apoE4 as an internal standard. Measurements were performed on frontal cortex from control and severe AD donors. Our data point to a preferable accumulation of C-terminal apoE fragment in the insoluble fraction of tissue homogenate in the severe AD group versus the control group. Further insight into the biological consequences of this accumulation may lead to a better understanding of the basic mechanism of AD pathology. C1 [Wang, Meiyao; Turko, Illarion V.] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. [Wang, Meiyao; Turko, Illarion V.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Turko, IV (reprint author), Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. EM iturko@umd.edu FU Washington University School of Medicine Alzheimer's Disease Research Center [P50 AG05681] FX This work was supported in part by the Washington University School of Medicine Alzheimer's Disease Research Center grant (P50 AG05681). No additional external funding received for this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 14 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 11 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 4 AR e61498 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0061498 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 123JA UT WOS:000317383200059 PM 23593485 ER PT J AU Bhandavat, R Feldman, A Cromer, C Lehman, J Singh, G AF Bhandavat, R. Feldman, A. Cromer, C. Lehman, J. Singh, G. TI Very High Laser-Damage Threshold of Polymer-derived Si(B)CN-Carbon Nanotube Composite Coatings SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; optical coatings; polymer-derived Si(B)CN; laser radiometry ID CARBON NANOTUBES; PYROELECTRIC DETECTOR; THERMAL DETECTORS; BLACK COATINGS; FILMS; TEMPERATURE; RADIOMETRY; ABSORBER AB We study the laser irradiance behavior and resulting structural evolution of polymer-derived silicon-boron-carbonitride (Si(B)CN) functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite spray coatings on copper. substrate. We report a damage threshold value of 15 kWcm(-2) and an optical absorbance of 0.97 after irradiation. This is an order of magnitude improvement over MWCNT (1.4 kWcm(-2), 0.76), SWCNT (0.8 kWcm(-2), 0.65) and carbon paint (0.1 kWcm(-2), 0.87) coatings previously tested at 10.6 mu m (2.5 kW CO2 laser) exposure. Electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggests partial oxidation of Si(B)CN forming a stable protective SiO2 phase upon irradiation. C1 [Bhandavat, R.; Singh, G.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Feldman, A.; Cromer, C.; Lehman, J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Feldman, A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Singh, G (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM gurpreet@k-state.edu RI Singh, Gurpreet/J-9083-2012 FU National Science Foundation [EPS-0903806]; State of Kansas through Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation FX This research is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant EPS-0903806 and the State of Kansas through Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation. G.S. thanks Mr. Saksham Pahwa for help with the graphics. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this document. Such identification implies neither recommendation nor endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, or that the products identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD APR 10 PY 2013 VL 5 IS 7 BP 2354 EP 2359 DI 10.1021/am302755x PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 125OM UT WOS:000317549100010 PM 23510161 ER PT J AU Dun, ZL Choi, ES Zhou, HD Hallas, AM Silverstein, HJ Qiu, Y Copley, JRD Gardner, JS Wiebe, CR AF Dun, Z. L. Choi, E. S. Zhou, H. D. Hallas, A. M. Silverstein, H. J. Qiu, Y. Copley, J. R. D. Gardner, J. S. Wiebe, C. R. TI Yb2Sn2O7: A magnetic Coulomb liquid at a quantum critical point SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN ICE HO2TI2O7; PYROCHLORE OXIDES; MONOPOLES; YB2TI2O7; TRANSITION AB We report neutron scattering and ac susceptibility measurements on the pyrochlore Yb2Sn2O7. The appearance of magnetic diffuse scattering, low-energy spin excitations, and a nearly temperature-independent relaxation time are signatures that the system enters a short-range-ordered regime with quantum dynamics beneath 2 K. ac susceptibility data further suggest that Yb2Sn2O7 enters a long-range magnetically ordered state below 0.11 K. These results suggest that Yb(2)Sn(2)O7 is a ferromagnet with persistent spin dynamics down to 0.05 K. Referencing the phase diagram for Yb pyrochlores, Yb2Sn2O7 is approaching a quantum phase transition near the ferromagnetic ordered critical point. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.134408 C1 [Dun, Z. L.; Zhou, H. D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Choi, E. S.; Zhou, H. D.; Wiebe, C. R.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Hallas, A. M.; Silverstein, H. J.; Wiebe, C. R.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Qiu, Y.; Copley, J. R. D.; Gardner, J. S.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Wiebe, C. R.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. RP Dun, ZL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM hzhou10@UTK.edu RI Dun, Zhiling/F-5617-2016; Zhou, Haidong/O-4373-2016; OI Dun, Zhiling/0000-0001-6653-3051; Silverstein, Harlyn/0000-0002-7743-9842 FU NSF [DMR-0654118]; NSERC of Canada; CFI; ACS Petroleum Fund; CRC Program (Tier II); National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; State of Florida FX We are grateful to M. J. P. Gingras for useful discussions. This work is supported by NSF Grant No. DMR-0654118 and the State of Florida. C.R.W. is grateful for support through NSERC of Canada, the CFI, the ACS Petroleum Fund, and the CRC Program (Tier II). The neutron work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 56 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 10 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 13 AR 134408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.134408 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 123LB UT WOS:000317390000002 ER PT J AU Sehgal, N Addison, G Battaglia, N Battistelli, ES Bond, JR Das, S Devlin, MJ Dunkley, J Dunner, R Gralla, M Hajian, A Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hilton, M Hincks, AD Hlozek, R Hughes, JP Kosowsky, A Lin, YT Louis, T Marriage, TA Marsden, D Menanteau, F Moodley, K Niemack, MD Page, LA Partridge, B Reese, ED Sherwin, BD Sievers, J Sifon, C Spergel, DN Staggs, ST Swetz, DS Switzer, ER Wollack, E AF Sehgal, Neelima Addison, Graeme Battaglia, Nick Battistelli, Elia S. Bond, J. Richard Das, Sudeep Devlin, Mark J. Dunkley, Joanna Duenner, Rolando Gralla, Megan Hajian, Amir Halpern, Mark Hasselfield, Matthew Hilton, Matt Hincks, Adam D. Hlozek, Renee Hughes, John P. Kosowsky, Arthur Lin, Yen-Ting Louis, Thibaut Marriage, Tobias A. Marsden, Danica Menanteau, Felipe Moodley, Kavilan Niemack, Michael D. Page, Lyman A. Partridge, Bruce Reese, Erik D. Sherwin, Blake D. Sievers, Jon Sifon, Cristobal Spergel, David N. Staggs, Suzanne T. Swetz, Daniel S. Switzer, Eric R. Wollack, Ed TI THE ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE: RELATION BETWEEN GALAXY CLUSTER OPTICAL RICHNESS AND SUNYAEV-ZEL'DOVICH EFFECT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium ID SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; BACKGROUND POWER SPECTRUM; SCALING RELATIONS; MAXBCG CLUSTERS; RADIO-SOURCES; 148 GHZ; CONSTRAINTS; CATALOG; PLANCK AB We present the measured Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) flux from 474 optically selected MaxBCG clusters that fall within the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) Equatorial survey region. The ACT Equatorial region used in this analysis covers 510 deg(2) and overlaps Stripe 82 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We also present the measured SZ flux stacked on 52 X-ray-selected MCXC clusters that fall within the ACT Equatorial region and an ACT Southern survey region covering 455 deg(2). We find that the measured SZ flux from the X-ray-selected clusters is consistent with expectations. However, we find that the measured SZ flux from the optically selected clusters is both significantly lower than expectations and lower than the recovered SZ flux measured by the Planck satellite. Since we find a lower recovered SZ signal than Planck, we investigate the possibility that there is a significant offset between the optically selected brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) and the SZ centers, to which ACT is more sensitive due to its finer resolution. Such offsets can arise due to either an intrinsic physical separation between the BCG and the center of the gas concentration or from misidentification of the cluster BCG. We find that the entire discrepancy for both ACT and Planck can be explained by assuming that the BCGs are offset from the SZ maxima with a uniform random distribution between 0 and 1.5 Mpc. Such large offsets between gas peaks and BCGs for optically selected cluster samples seem unlikely given that we find the physical separation between BCGs and X-ray peaks for an X-ray-selected subsample of MaxBCG clusters to have a much narrower distribution that peaks within 0.2 Mpc. It is possible that other effects are lowering the ACT and Planck signals by the same amount, with offsets between BCGs and SZ peaks explaining the remaining difference between ACT and Planck measurements. Several effects that can lower the SZ signal equally for both ACT and Planck, but not explain the difference in measured signals, include a larger percentage of false detections in the MaxBCG sample, a lower normalization of the mass-richness relation, radio or infrared galaxy contamination of the SZ flux, and a low intrinsic SZ signal. In the latter two cases, the effects would need to be preferentially more significant in the optically selected MaxBCG sample than in the MCXC X-ray sample. C1 [Sehgal, Neelima; Hlozek, Renee; Spergel, David N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Addison, Graeme; Dunkley, Joanna; Louis, Thibaut] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Battaglia, Nick] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Battistelli, Elia S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Battistelli, Elia S.; Halpern, Mark; Hasselfield, Matthew] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Bond, J. Richard; Hajian, Amir; Hincks, Adam D.; Sievers, Jon; Switzer, Eric R.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Das, Sudeep] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Das, Sudeep] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Devlin, Mark J.; Reese, Erik D.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Duenner, Rolando; Sifon, Cristobal] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Fac Fis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Gralla, Megan; Marriage, Tobias A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Hilton, Matt] Univ Nottingham, Ctr Astron & Particle Theory, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Hincks, Adam D.; Page, Lyman A.; Sherwin, Blake D.; Staggs, Suzanne T.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hughes, John P.; Menanteau, Felipe] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Kosowsky, Arthur] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Lin, Yen-Ting] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Lin, Yen-Ting] Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Marsden, Danica] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Moodley, Kavilan] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, Sch Math Sci, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Niemack, Michael D.; Swetz, Daniel S.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Partridge, Bruce] Haverford Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. [Wollack, Ed] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sehgal, N (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Spergel, David/A-4410-2011; Hilton, Matthew James/N-5860-2013; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Menanteau, Felipe/0000-0002-1372-2534; Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074; Sifon, Cristobal/0000-0002-8149-1352 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-0408698, PHY-0355328, AST-0707731, PIRE-0507768, OISE-0530095]; Princeton University; University of Pennsylvania; Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI); Compute Canada; Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence; University of Toronto; National Science Foundation [1102762, 1066293]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC3-76SF00515] FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through awards AST-0408698 for the ACT project, and PHY-0355328, AST-0707731, and PIRE-0507768 (award number OISE-0530095). The PIRE program made possible exchanges between Chile, South Africa, Spain, and the U. S. that enabled this research program. Funding was also provided by Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, and a Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award to UBC. Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation under the auspices of Compute Canada; the Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence; and the University of Toronto. ACT is on the Chajnantor Science preserve, which was made possible by the Chilean Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT). N.S. is supported by the National Science Foundation under Award No. 1102762. During the completion of this work, N.S. was also supported by the U.S. Department of Energy contract to SLAC No. DE-AC3-76SF00515 and in part by the National Science Foundation under grant No. 1066293 and the hospitality of the Aspen Center for Physics. The data will be made public through LAMBDA (http://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/) and the ACT Web site (http://www.physics.princeton.edu/act/). NR 60 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2013 VL 767 IS 1 AR 38 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/767/1/38 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 117IT UT WOS:000316947500038 ER PT J AU Lee, J Park, DH Mittal, S Dagenais, M Rolston, SL AF Lee, J. Park, D. H. Mittal, S. Dagenais, M. Rolston, S. L. TI Integrated optical dipole trap for cold neutral atoms with an optical waveguide coupler SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; LIGHT; ENSEMBLES; LATTICES; STATES AB An integrated optical dipole trap uses two-color (red and blue-detuned) traveling evanescent wave fields for trapping cold neutral atoms. To achieve longitudinal confinement, we propose using an integrated optical waveguide coupler, which provides a potential gradient along the beam propagation direction sufficient to confine atoms. This integrated optical dipole trap can support an atomic ensemble with a large optical depth due to its small mode area. Its quasi-T E-0 waveguide mode has an advantage over the H E-11 mode of a nanofiber, with little inhomogeneous Zeeman broadening at the trapping region. The longitudinal confinement eliminates the need for a one dimensional optical lattice, reducing collisional blockaded atomic loading, potentially producing larger ensembles. The waveguide trap allows for scalability and integrability with nano-fabrication technology. We analyze the potential performance of such integrated atom traps. C1 [Lee, J.; Rolston, S. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lee, J.; Rolston, S. L.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Park, D. H.; Mittal, S.; Dagenais, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM neoscien@umd.edu RI rolston, steven/L-5175-2013; Arumugam, Thirumagal/C-3408-2014 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190; NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD APR 9 PY 2013 VL 15 AR 043010 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/15/4/043010 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 122SY UT WOS:000317339600001 ER PT J AU Pajerowski, DM Rotundu, CR Lynn, JW Birgeneau, RJ AF Pajerowski, D. M. Rotundu, C. R. Lynn, J. W. Birgeneau, R. J. TI Magnetic neutron diffraction study of Ba(Fe1-xCox)(2)As-2 critical exponents through the tricritical doping SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MEAN-FIELD-THEORY; LOGARITHMIC CORRECTIONS; GINZBURG CRITERION; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; POINTS; ORDER; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; UPT3 AB We present temperature dependent magnetic neutron diffraction measurements on Ba(Fe1-xCox)(2)As-2 for x = 0.039, 0.022, and 0.021 as-grown single crystals. Our investigations probe the behavior near the magnetic tricritical point in the (x, T) plane, x(tr) approximate to 0.022, as well as systematically exploring the character of the magnetic phase transition across a range of doping values. All samples showlong-range antiferromagnetic order that may be described near the transition by simple power laws, with beta = 0.306 +/- 0.060 for x = 0.039, beta = 0.208 +/- 0.005 for x = 0.022, and beta = 0.198 +/- 0.009 for x = 0.021. For the x = 0.039 sample, the data are reasonably well described by the order parameter exponent beta = 0.326 expected for a three-dimensional Ising model while the x = 0.022 and x = 0.021 samples are near the beta = 0.25 value for a tricritical system in themean-field approximation. These results are discussed in the context of existing experimental work and theoretical predictions. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.134507 C1 [Pajerowski, D. M.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rotundu, C. R.; Birgeneau, R. J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94270 USA. [Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94270 USA. RP Pajerowski, DM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Rotundu, Costel/0000-0002-1571-8352; Pajerowski, Daniel/0000-0003-3890-2379 FU National Research Council NIST; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy [DE-AC020-5CH11231] FX We thank A. Aharony for helpful communications. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities. D. M. P. acknowledges support from the National Research Council NIST postdoctoral associateship program. The work at LBL was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC020-5CH11231. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 9 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 13 AR 134507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.134507 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 123KW UT WOS:000317389500002 ER PT J AU Castellanos-Beltran, MA Ngo, DQ Shanks, WE Jayich, AB Harris, JGE AF Castellanos-Beltran, M. A. Ngo, D. Q. Shanks, W. E. Jayich, A. B. Harris, J. G. E. TI Measurement of the Full Distribution of Persistent Current in Normal-Metal Rings SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; CONDUCTANCE FLUCTUATIONS; GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION; LOCALIZATION; DIFFUSION; ABSENCE; SINGLE AB We have measured the persistent current in individual normal metal rings over a wide range of magnetic fields. From this data, we extract the first six cumulants of the single-ring persistent current distribution. Our results are consistent with the prediction that this distribution should be nearly Gaussian for diffusive metallic rings. This measurement highlights the sensitivity of persistent current to the mesoscopic fluctuations within a single isolated coherent volume. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.156801 C1 [Castellanos-Beltran, M. A.; Ngo, D. Q.; Shanks, W. E.; Jayich, A. B.; Harris, J. G. E.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Harris, J. G. E.] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Castellanos-Beltran, MA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [0706380, 0653377, 1106110]; US-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF); NSF MRSEC [DMR 1119826] FX We acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) (Grants No. 0706380, No. 0653377, and No. 1106110) and from the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF). Facilities use was supported by YINQE and NSF MRSEC DMR 1119826. We thank Amnon Aharony, Ora Entin-Wohlman, Leonid Glazman, Rob Ilic, Yoseph Imry, Felix von Oppen, and A. Douglas Stone for their assistance. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 9 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 15 AR 156801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.156801 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 124JA UT WOS:000317458400028 PM 25167295 ER PT J AU Choi, YJ Lee, N Sharma, PA Kim, SB Vajk, OP Lynn, JW Oh, YS Cheong, SW AF Choi, Y. J. Lee, N. Sharma, P. A. Kim, S. B. Vajk, O. P. Lynn, J. W. Oh, Y. S. Cheong, S-W. TI Giant Magnetic Fluctuations at the Critical Endpoint in Insulating HoMnO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM CRITICALITY; SR3RU2O7; YMNO3; FERROELECTRICITY; PHYSICS AB Although abundant research has focused recently on the quantum criticality of itinerant magnets, critical phenomena of insulating magnets in the vicinity of critical endpoints (CEP's) have rarely been revealed. Here we observe an emergent CEP at 2.05 T and 2.2 K with a suppressed thermal conductivity and concomitant strong critical fluctuations evident via a divergent magnetic susceptibility (e.g., chi ''(2.05 T, 2.2 K)/chi ''(3 T, 2.2 K)/ approximate to 23, 500%, comparable to the critical opalescence in water) in the hexagonal insulating antiferromagnet HoMnO3. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.157202 C1 [Choi, Y. J.; Lee, N.; Sharma, P. A.; Kim, S. B.; Oh, Y. S.; Cheong, S-W.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Emergent Mat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Choi, Y. J.; Lee, N.; Sharma, P. A.; Kim, S. B.; Oh, Y. S.; Cheong, S-W.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Choi, Y. J.; Lee, N.] Yonsei Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Choi, Y. J.; Lee, N.] Yonsei Univ, IPAP, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Vajk, O. P.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Choi, YJ (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Emergent Mat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI Oh, Yoon Seok/A-1071-2011; Sharma, Peter/G-1917-2011 OI Oh, Yoon Seok/0000-0001-8233-1898; Sharma, Peter/0000-0002-3071-7382 FU DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46328]; Yonsei University Research Fund FX Work at Rutgers was supported by DOE Award No. DE-FG02-07ER46328. Y. J. C. was supported partially by the Yonsei University Research Fund of 2011. N. L. was supported partially by the Yonsei University Research Fund of 2012. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 60 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 9 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 15 AR 157202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.157202 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 124JA UT WOS:000317458400033 PM 25167303 ER PT J AU Boekelheide, Z Hellman, F AF Boekelheide, Z. Hellman, F. TI Cr(110) texture induced by epitaxy on Al2O3(0001) substrates: Preferential grain growth in the < 001 > direction SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; RESIDUAL-STRESS; CR FILMS; SUPERLATTICES AB Chromium exhibits (110) textured growth on Al2O3(0001) substrates induced by epitaxy. Epitaxy occurs in nine distinct orientations, leading to a polycrystalline film of grains with (110) out-of-plane orientation but different in-plane orientations. For e-beam evaporated films, scanning electron microscopy shows acicular Cr grains elongated in the < 001 > direction. Grain boundaries occur along (1 $(1) over bar $0) and ((1) over bar 10) planes, which is explained by the low surface energy of {110} planes in the bcc structure. The direction of the long axes of the grains relative to the substrate is defined by the underlying hexagonal symmetry of the substrate, leading to a unique tri-directional microstructure. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Boekelheide, Z.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Boekelheide, Z.; Hellman, F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Boekelheide, Z.; Hellman, F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Boekelheide, Z (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zoe.boekelheide@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NRC Research Associateship Program at NIST FX The authors thank Eduardo Saiz for assistance with the SEM, Hyeon-Jun Lee for assistance with the XRD, and Julie Karel for assistance with the e-beam evaporator. The experimental portion of this work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Z. Boekelheide acknowledges the funding support of the NRC Research Associateship Program at NIST during the analysis portion of this work. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 8 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 14 AR 141601 DI 10.1063/1.4801083 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 135DZ UT WOS:000318268800020 ER PT J AU Cai, T Bose, R Solomon, GS Waks, E AF Cai, Tao Bose, Ranojoy Solomon, Glenn S. Waks, Edo TI Controlled coupling of photonic crystal cavities using photochromic tuning SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE QUANTUM-DOT; NANOCAVITY LASER; RING-RESONATORS; WAVE-GUIDE; FILTERS; MICROCAVITIES; RESONANCE; ARRAYS; SHIFTS AB We present a method to control the resonant coupling interaction in a coupled-cavity photonic crystal molecule by using a local and reversible photochromic tuning technique. We demonstrate the ability to tune both a two-cavity and a three-cavity photonic crystal molecule through the resonance condition by selectively tuning the individual cavities. Using this technique, we can quantitatively determine important parameters of the coupled-cavity system such as the photon tunneling rate. This method can be scaled to photonic crystal molecules with larger numbers of cavities, which provides a versatile method for studying strong interactions in coupled resonator arrays. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC C1 [Cai, Tao; Bose, Ranojoy; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.; Waks, Edo] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cai, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM edowaks@umd.edu OI Bose, Ranojoy/0000-0002-2908-4426 FU DARPA Defense Science Office [W31P4Q0910013]; ARO MURI [W911NF09104]; Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute; ONR Applied Electromagnetic Center [N00014-09-1-1190]; NSF CAREER Award [ECCS-0846494] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support from a DARPA Defense Science Office Grant (No. W31P4Q0910013), the ARO MURI on Hybrid Quantum Interactions Grant (No. W911NF09104), the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute, and the ONR Applied Electromagnetic Center N00014-09-1-1190. E. Waks would like to acknowledge support from an NSF CAREER Award Grant (No. ECCS-0846494). NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 8 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 14 AR 141118 DI 10.1063/1.4802238 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 135DZ UT WOS:000318268800018 ER PT J AU Restelli, A Bienfang, JC Migdall, AL AF Restelli, Alessandro Bienfang, Joshua C. Migdall, Alan L. TI Single-photon detection efficiency up to 50% at 1310 nm with an InGaAs/InP avalanche diode gated at 1.25 GHz SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTODIODE AB We describe a gated Geiger-mode single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detection system in which both gating and avalanche discrimination are implemented by coherent addition of discrete harmonics of the fundamental gate frequency. With amplitude and phase control for each harmonic at the cathode, we form <340 ps bias gates, and with similar control at the anode we cancel the gate transient with >65 dB suppression, allowing avalanche-discrimination thresholds at the anode below 2 mV or <8 fC. The low threshold not only accurately discriminates diminutive avalanches but also achieves usable detection efficiencies with lower total charge, reducing the afterpulse probability and allowing the use of gate pulses that exceed the SPAD breakdown voltage by more than 10 V, both of which increase detection efficiency. With detection efficiency of 0.19 +/- 0.01, we measure per-gate afterpulse probability below 6.5 x 10(-4) after 3.2 ns, and with detection efficiency of 0.51 +/- 0.02 we measure per-gate afterpulse probability below 3.5 x 10(-3) after 10 ns. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Restelli, Alessandro; Bienfang, Joshua C.; Migdall, Alan L.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Restelli, Alessandro; Bienfang, Joshua C.; Migdall, Alan L.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bienfang, Joshua C.; Migdall, Alan L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Restelli, A (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alessandro.restelli@nist.gov RI Restelli, Alessandro/A-4897-2009 OI Restelli, Alessandro/0000-0002-1289-3171 FU DARPA InPho program FX This work was supported in part by the DARPA InPho program. NR 16 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 8 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 14 AR 141104 DI 10.1063/1.4801939 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 135DZ UT WOS:000318268800004 ER PT J AU Zheng, JJ Li, Y Goldberg, N McDonald, M Luan, XS Hati, A Lu, M Strauf, S Zelevinsky, T Howe, DA Wong, CW AF Zheng, Jiangjun Li, Ying Goldberg, Noam McDonald, Mickey Luan, Xingsheng Hati, Archita Lu, Ming Strauf, Stefan Zelevinsky, Tanya Howe, David A. Wong, Chee Wei TI Feedback and harmonic locking of slot-type optomechanical oscillators to external low-noise reference clocks SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CAVITY; LASER AB We demonstrate feedback and harmonic locking of chip-scale slot-type optomechanical oscillators to external low-noise reference clocks, with suppressed timing jitter by three orders of magnitude. The feedback and compensation techniques significantly reduce the close-to-carrier phase noise, especially within the locking bandwidth for the integral root-mean-square timing jitter. Harmonic locking via high-order carrier signals is also demonstrated with similar phase noise and integrated root-mean-square timing jitter reduction. The chip-scale optomechanical oscillators are tunable over an 80-kHz range by tracking the reference clock, with potential applications in tunable radiofrequency photonics platforms. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC C1 [Zheng, Jiangjun; Li, Ying; Goldberg, Noam; Luan, Xingsheng; Wong, Chee Wei] Columbia Univ, Opt Nanostruct Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [McDonald, Mickey; Zelevinsky, Tanya] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY USA. [Hati, Archita; Howe, David A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Lu, Ming] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Strauf, Stefan] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. RP Zheng, JJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Opt Nanostruct Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM jz2356@columbia.edu; cww2104@columbia.edu RI Strauf, Stefan/H-1399-2016; Wong, Chee Wei/E-9169-2017 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) DSO [C11L10831]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors thank discussions with Harish Krishnaswamy and Hong X. Tang. This work is supported by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) DSO with program manager Dr. J. R. Abo-Shaeer under Contract No. C11L10831. Device fabrication is carried out in part at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 8 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 14 AR 141117 DI 10.1063/1.4801473 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 135DZ UT WOS:000318268800017 ER PT J AU Lin, Y Gaebler, JP Tan, TR Bowler, R Jost, JD Leibfried, D Wineland, DJ AF Lin, Y. Gaebler, J. P. Tan, T. R. Bowler, R. Jost, J. D. Leibfried, D. Wineland, D. J. TI Sympathetic Electromagnetically-Induced-Transparency Laser Cooling of Motional Modes in an Ion Chain SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED ATOMIC IONS; ZERO-POINT ENERGY; QUANTUM COMPUTATION; LOGIC AB We use electromagnetically-induced-transparency laser cooling to cool motional modes of a linear ion chain. As a demonstration, we apply electromagnetically-induced-transparency cooling on Mg-24(+) ions to cool the axial modes of a Be-9(+)-Mg-24(+) ion pair and a Be-9(+)-Mg-24(+)-Mg-24(+)-Be-9(+) ion chain, thereby sympathetically cooling the Be-9(+) ions. Compared to previous implementations of conventional Raman sideband cooling, we achieve approximately an order-of-magnitude reduction in the duration required to cool the modes to near the ground state and significant reduction in required laser intensity. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.153002 C1 [Lin, Y.; Gaebler, J. P.; Tan, T. R.; Bowler, R.; Jost, J. D.; Leibfried, D.; Wineland, D. J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lin, Y (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM yiheng.lin@nist.gov RI Lin, Yiheng/J-9681-2015 OI Lin, Yiheng/0000-0003-1738-3805 FU IARPA through ARO [DNI-11523A1]; ARO [EAO139840]; ONR; NIST Quantum Information Program; NIST through an NRC fellowship FX We thank C. W. Chou and R. Jordens for helpful discussion on simulation. Also we thank J. J. Bollinger, Y. Colombe, G. Morigi and T. Rosenband for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by IARPA through ARO (Grant No. DNI-11523A1), ARO (Grant No. EAO139840), ONR and the NIST Quantum Information Program. J. P. G. acknowledges support by NIST through an NRC fellowship. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 8 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 15 AR 153002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.153002 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 120SD UT WOS:000317191400008 PM 25167259 ER PT J AU Carrasquilla, J Manmana, SR Rigol, M AF Carrasquilla, Juan Manmana, Salvatore R. Rigol, Marcos TI Scaling of the gap, fidelity susceptibility, and Bloch oscillations across the superfluid-to-Mott-insulator transition in the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MATRIX RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; LIQUID TRANSITION; ULTRACOLD GASES; SYSTEMS; BOSONS AB We investigate the interaction-induced superfluid-to-Mott-insulator transition in the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model (BHM) for fillings n = 1, n = 2, and n = 3 by studying the single-particle gap, the fidelity susceptibility, and the amplitude of Bloch oscillations via density-matrix renormalization-group methods. We apply a generic scaling procedure for the gap, which allows us to determine the critical points with very high accuracy. We also study how the fidelity susceptibility behaves across the phase transition. Furthermore, we show that in the BHM, and in a system of spinless fermions, the amplitude of Bloch oscillations after a tilt of the lattice vanishes at the critical points. This indicates that Bloch oscillations can serve as a tool to detect the transition point in ongoing experiments with ultracold gases. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.043606 C1 [Carrasquilla, Juan; Rigol, Marcos] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Carrasquilla, Juan] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Carrasquilla, Juan; Manmana, Salvatore R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Manmana, Salvatore R.] Univ Gottingen, Inst Theoret Phys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Manmana, Salvatore R.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Manmana, Salvatore R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Manmana, Salvatore R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Carrasquilla, J (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, 104 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Rigol, Marcos/B-3505-2008; Manmana, Salvatore /C-9822-2011; Carrasquilla, Juan/H-3653-2014 OI Rigol, Marcos/0000-0002-5806-5873; Manmana, Salvatore /0000-0002-4070-0576; Carrasquilla, Juan/0000-0001-7263-3462 FU Office of Naval Research; National Science Foundation [PHY11-25915, PIF-0904017, PHY05-25915] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and by the National Science Foundation under Grants No. PHY11-25915 and No. PIF-0904017, and in part under Grant No. PHY05-25915. We thank J. Sirker, F. Gebhard, L. Campos Venuti, L. Tarruell, K. Hazzard, G. Chen, A. M. Rey, S. Ejima, and N. Bray-Ali for discussions, and acknowledge the use of computational resources at the Janus supercomputer (CU Boulder). NR 53 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 8 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 4 AR 043606 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.043606 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 120SU UT WOS:000317193600006 ER PT J AU Atlas, EL Smith, K Zhu, XR Pope, L Lueb, R Hendershot, R Moore, F Miller, B Montzka, S Elkins, J Wofsy, S AF Atlas, Elliot L. Smith, Katrina Zhu, Xiaorong Pope, Leslie Lueb, Rich Hendershot, Roger Moore, Fred Miller, Ben Montzka, Steve Elkins, James Wofsy, Steve TI Alkyl nitrate distributions and seasonal variation of trace gases observed over the Pacific Ocean during the HIPPO mission SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Atlas, Elliot L.; Smith, Katrina; Zhu, Xiaorong; Pope, Leslie; Lueb, Rich] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lueb, Rich; Hendershot, Roger] NCAR, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Moore, Fred; Miller, Ben; Montzka, Steve; Elkins, James] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wofsy, Steve] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Moore, Fred; Miller, Ben] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM eatlas@rsmas.miami.edu RI Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 239-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303600087 ER PT J AU Barros, MDR Rein, A Datta, S Losche, M Nanda, H AF Barros, Marilia D. R. Rein, Alan Datta, Siddhartha Loesche, Mathias Nanda, Hirsh TI Membrane association and structure of retroviral assembly proteins SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Barros, Marilia D. R.; Loesche, Mathias; Nanda, Hirsh] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Datta, Siddhartha; Loesche, Mathias; Nanda, Hirsh] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rein, Alan] NCI, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM hirsh.nanda@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 47-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303603642 ER PT J AU Blake, DR Simpson, IJ Meinardi, SJ Andersen, MJS Bruhwiler, L AF Blake, Donald R. Simpson, Isobel J. Meinardi, Simone J. Andersen, Mads J. Sulbaek Bruhwiler, Lori TI Award Address (ACS Award for Creative Advances in Environmental Science and Technology sponsored by ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry and ACS Publications Divisions). Long-term trends in global concentrations of atmospheric methane and ethane SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Blake, Donald R.; Simpson, Isobel J.; Meinardi, Simone J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617 USA. [Andersen, Mads J. Sulbaek] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bruhwiler, Lori] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM drblake@uci.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 241-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303600089 ER PT J AU Brune, WH Ren, XR Mao, JQ Zhang, L Feiner, P Miller, D AF Brune, William H. Ren, Xinrong Mao, Jingqiu Zhang, Li Feiner, Philip Miller, David TI Re-examining the role of volatile organic compounds in atmospheric oxidation chemistry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Brune, William H.; Zhang, Li; Feiner, Philip; Miller, David] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ren, Xinrong] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Mao, Jingqiu] NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. EM whb2@psu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 237-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303600085 ER PT J AU Butler, P Woodka, A Porcar, L AF Butler, Paul Woodka, Andrea Porcar, Lionel TI Lipid segregation above T-m: The case against nanopores SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Butler, Paul; Woodka, Andrea] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Butler, Paul; Porcar, Lionel] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM butler@nist.gov RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 417-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303604002 ER PT J AU Chirico, RD Frenkel, M Magee, JW Diky, VV Kroenlein, K Muzny, CD Kazakov, AF Abdulagatov, IM Hardin, GR de Loos, TW O'Connell, JP McCabe, C Brennecke, JF Mathias, PM Goodwin, ARH Wu, JT Marsh, KN Weir, RD Acree, WE Padua, A Haynes, WM Friend, DG Mandelis, A Rives, V Schick, C Vyazovkin, S Chen, E AF Chirico, Robert D. Frenkel, Michael Magee, Joseph W. Diky, Vladimir V. Kroenlein, Kenneth Muzny, Chris D. Kazakov, Andrei F. Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M. Hardin, Gary R. de Loos, Theodoor W. O'Connell, John P. McCabe, Clare Brennecke, Joan F. Mathias, Paul M. Goodwin, Anthony R. H. Wu, Jiangtao Marsh, Kenneth N. Weir, Ronald D. Acree, William E., Jr. Padua, Agilio Haynes, W. M. (Mickey) Friend, Daniel G. Mandelis, Andreas Rives, Vicente Schick, Christoph Vyazovkin, Sergey Chen, Ella TI NIST-journal cooperation to improve the quality of published experimental data: Pre-acceptance evaluation and on-line tools SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Chirico, Robert D.; Frenkel, Michael; Magee, Joseph W.; Diky, Vladimir V.; Kroenlein, Kenneth; Muzny, Chris D.; Kazakov, Andrei F.; Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M.; Hardin, Gary R.; Haynes, W. M. (Mickey); Friend, Daniel G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO USA. [de Loos, Theodoor W.] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Proc & Energy, Delft, Netherlands. [O'Connell, John P.] Univ Virginia, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA USA. [McCabe, Clare] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [McCabe, Clare] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Brennecke, Joan F.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Mathias, Paul M.] Fluor Corp, Aliso Viejo, CA USA. [Goodwin, Anthony R. H.] Schlumberger Technol Corp, Sugar Land, TX USA. [Wu, Jiangtao] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Ctr Thermal & Fluid Sci, Xian 710049, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Marsh, Kenneth N.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech & Chem Engn, Crawley, Australia. [Weir, Ronald D.] Royal Mil Coll Canada, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Acree, William E., Jr.] Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Padua, Agilio] Univ Clermont Ferrand, Lab Thermodynam & Interact Mol, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Padua, Agilio] Univ Clermont Ferrand, Photochim Mol & Macromol Lab, CNRS, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. [Mandelis, Andreas] Univ Toronto, Fac Appl Sci & Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Rives, Vicente] Univ Salamanca, Dept Quim Inorgan, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain. [Schick, Christoph] Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. [Vyazovkin, Sergey] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Chem, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Chen, Ella] Elsevier, Phys & Theoret Chem, Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM robert.chirico@nist.gov RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009; Schick, Christoph/C-1154-2009; McCabe, Clare/I-8017-2012 OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593; Schick, Christoph/0000-0001-6736-5491; McCabe, Clare/0000-0002-8552-9135 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 39-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303605341 ER PT J AU Gilman, JW AF Gilman, Jeffrey W. TI Cellulose nanomaterials: Nanocomposite imaging using FRET SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jwgilman@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 556-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303605080 ER PT J AU Heilweil, EJ Burkey, TJ Johnson, JO Letterman, RL Webster, CE AF Heilweil, Edwin J. Burkey, Theodore J. Johnson, Jermaine O. Letterman, Roger L. Webster, Charles E. TI Design of organometallic photochromes: Utilizing linkage isomerization in the production of ultrafast devices SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Heilweil, Edwin J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Burkey, Theodore J.; Johnson, Jermaine O.; Letterman, Roger L.; Webster, Charles E.] Univ Memphis, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM tburkey@memphis.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 774-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303601859 ER PT J AU Hudson, MR Brown, CM Pham, T Lobo, RF AF Hudson, Matthew R. Brown, Craig M. Trong Pham Lobo, Raul F. TI Structure-property relations in zeolites for CO2 separations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hudson, Matthew R.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Trong Pham; Lobo, Raul F.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM matt.hudson@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 1176-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303600919 ER PT J AU Hulvey, Z Lawler, KV Forster, PM Brown, CM AF Hulvey, Zeric Lawler, Keith V. Forster, Paul M. Brown, Craig M. TI New insights into noble gas adsorption in HKUST-1 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hulvey, Zeric; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hulvey, Zeric] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lawler, Keith V.; Forster, Paul M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM zhulvey@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 1120-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303600859 ER PT J AU Johnson, MA Thuman, JD Stromberg, CJ Heilweil, EJ AF Johnson, Melissa A. Thuman, James D. Stromberg, Christopher J. Heilweil, Edwin J. TI Ultrafast time-resolved UV-pump/IR probe spectroscopyof [FeFe]-hydrogenase model compounds SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Johnson, Melissa A.; Thuman, James D.; Stromberg, Christopher J.] Hood Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Heilweil, Edwin J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM maj4@hood.edu; jdt4@hood.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 777-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303601862 ER PT J AU Lee, YJ Snyder, CR Forster, AM Cicerone, MT Wu, WL AF Lee, Young Jong Snyder, Chad R. Forster, Aaron M. Cicerone, Marcus T. Wu, Wen-li TI Molecular structure of bimodal polyethylene blends imaged with broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lee, Young Jong; Snyder, Chad R.; Cicerone, Marcus T.; Wu, Wen-li] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Forster, Aaron M.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yjlee@nist.gov RI Snyder, Chad/B-4957-2008 OI Snyder, Chad/0000-0002-2916-9809 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 524-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303605047 ER PT J AU Lin, ZC Inn, KGW James, FJ AF Lin, Zhichao Inn, Kenneth G. W. James, Filliben J. TI Applying self-attenuation and coincidence-summing corrections for gamma-ray spectrometric analysis of foods using GESPECOR and LabSOCS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lin, Zhichao] US FDA, Winchester Engn & Analyt Ctr, Winchester, MA 01890 USA. [Inn, Kenneth G. W.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [James, Filliben J.] NIST, Informat Technoloy Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zhichao.lin@fda.hhs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 173-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303602565 ER PT J AU Meyer, R Vanderah, D AF Meyer, Rachel Vanderah, David TI Synthesis of new tether compounds to improve the properties of tethered bilayer lipid membranes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Meyer, Rachel] Hood Coll, Dept Chem, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Vanderah, David] NIST, Biomol Struct & Funct Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rlm22@hood.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 196-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303602883 ER PT J AU Miller, AE Robbins, E Petersen, E Kalivas, E Chon, B AF Miller, Abigail E. Robbins, Elaine Petersen, Ellen Kalivas, Eleni Chon, Bonghwan TI Characterizing the solution dynamics of metal organic frameworks SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Miller, Abigail E.; Robbins, Elaine; Petersen, Ellen; Kalivas, Eleni] American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Chon, Bonghwan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amiller@american.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 1393-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303601151 ER PT J AU Mulhearn, WD Chan, EP Lee, D Stafford, CM AF Mulhearn, William D. Chan, Edwin P. Lee, Daeyeon Stafford, Christopher M. TI Layer-by-layer nanoparticle assemblies as membranes for water purification SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Mulhearn, William D.; Lee, Daeyeon] Univ Penn, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Chan, Edwin P.; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chris.stafford@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 527-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303604480 ER PT J AU Nagao, M Woodka, AC Butler, PD Porcar, L Farago, B AF Nagao, Michihiro Woodka, Andrea C. Butler, Paul D. Porcar, Lionel Farago, Bela TI Experimental observation of thickness fluctuations in lipid unilamellar vesicles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Nagao, Michihiro; Woodka, Andrea C.; Butler, Paul D.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Butler, Paul D.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Porcar, Lionel; Farago, Bela] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. EM mnagao@nist.gov RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 88-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303603683 ER PT J AU Nieuwendaal, R AF Nieuwendaal, Ryan TI Insights into molecular packing of semicrystalline P3HT by variable temperature H-1 relaxation and C-13 solid-state NMR measurements SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Nieuwendaal, Ryan] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ryann@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 164-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303604652 ER PT J AU Perez-Salas, U Garg, S Porcar, L Castro-Roman, F Butler, P AF Perez-Salas, Ursula Garg, Sumit Porcar, Lionel Castro-Roman, Francisco Butler, Paul TI Exploring the energetics of cholesterol homeostasis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Butler, Paul] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Perez-Salas, Ursula; Garg, Sumit] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Perez-Salas, Ursula; Garg, Sumit] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, Large Scale Struct Grp, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Castro-Roman, Francisco] Ctr Invest Avanzada, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Porcar, Lionel; Butler, Paul] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM ursulaps@uic.edu RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 83-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303603678 ER PT J AU Pollock, RA Hudson, MR Hulvey, Z Brown, CM AF Pollock, Rachel A. Hudson, Matthew R. Hulvey, Zeric Brown, Craig M. TI Neutron studies of gas adsorption in metal-organic frameworks SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Pollock, Rachel A.; Hulvey, Zeric] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pollock, Rachel A.; Hudson, Matthew R.; Hulvey, Zeric; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rachel.pollock@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 1178-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303600921 ER PT J AU Prukop, SL Li, XY Hammouda, B Verduzco, R AF Prukop, Stacy L. Li, Xianyu Hammouda, Boualem Verduzco, Rafael TI Synthesis and conformational analysis of bottlebrush polymers by small angle neutron scattering SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Prukop, Stacy L.; Li, Xianyu; Verduzco, Rafael] Rice Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77025 USA. [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM slp4@rice.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 262-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303604756 ER PT J AU Ravishankara, AR AF Ravishankara, A. (Ravi) R. TI Roles of HFCs and N2O in Earth's environment: Science behind the issues SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Ravishankara, A. (Ravi) R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM a.r.ravishankara@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 205-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303600056 ER PT J AU Rintoul, S Losche, M Cantor, RS Heinrich, F AF Rintoul, Stefanie Loesche, Mathias Cantor, Robert S. Heinrich, Frank TI Association of the neurotransmitters GABA and acetylcholine with lipid bilayer membranes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Loesche, Mathias; Heinrich, Frank] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Rintoul, Stefanie; Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Loesche, Mathias; Heinrich, Frank] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cantor, Robert S.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Chem, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM fheinric@cmu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 9-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303603605 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, E Stock, C Green, MA AF Rodriguez, Efrain Stock, Chris Green, Mark A. TI Chemical, structural, and magnetic trends in iron-based superconductors SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Rodriguez, Efrain; Stock, Chris; Green, Mark A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rodriguez, Efrain] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM efrain@umd.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 719-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303601801 ER PT J AU Roper, ED Joseph, E Nalli, NR Morris, VR AF Roper, Ebony D. Joseph, Everette Nalli, Nicholas R. Morris, Vernon R. TI Analysis of surface ozone concentrations within the Saharan air layer during AERosols and Ocean Science Expeditions (AEROSE) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Roper, Ebony D.; Joseph, Everette; Morris, Vernon R.] Howard Univ, NOAA Ctr Atmospher Sci, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Joseph, Everette] Howard Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Nalli, Nicholas R.] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Morris, Vernon R.] Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20001 USA. EM ebony.roper@howard.edu RI Nalli, Nicholas/F-6731-2010 OI Nalli, Nicholas/0000-0002-6914-5537 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 509-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303600317 ER PT J AU Zeissler, CJ Davis, J Lindstrom, RM AF Zeissler, Cynthia J. Davis, Jeffrey Lindstrom, Richard M. TI Particle size limits, chemistry, and activities for Fukushima aerosols collected in Japan SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Zeissler, Cynthia J.; Davis, Jeffrey; Lindstrom, Richard M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cynthia.zeissler@nist.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 3-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303602627 ER PT J AU Ahmed, Z Hendricks, J Olson, DA Strouse, GF AF Ahmed, Zeeshan Hendricks, Jay Olson, Douglas A. Strouse, Gregory F. TI Optical sensing of temperature, pressure, and humidity SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Ahmed, Zeeshan; Hendricks, Jay; Olson, Douglas A.; Strouse, Gregory F.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zeeshan.ahmed@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 4-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851300555 ER PT J AU Brown, CM Hudson, MR Queen, WL AF Brown, Craig M. Hudson, Matthew R. Queen, Wendy L. TI Understanding adsorption in porous materials through structure and spectroscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK C1 [Brown, Craig M.; Hudson, Matthew R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Queen, Wendy L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM craig.brown@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 58-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851304507 ER PT J AU Chaka, AM Oxford, GE AF Chaka, Anne M. Oxford, Gloria E. TI Oxidation and reduction of SnO2 and b-MnO2 (110), (100), and (101) surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Chaka, Anne M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Oxford, Gloria E.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anne.chaka@pnnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 163-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851303814 ER PT J AU Chen, W Xu, T He, F Wang, W Wang, C Strzalka, J Liu, Y Wen, JG Miller, DJ Yu, LP Darling, SB AF Chen, Wei Xu, Tao He, Feng Wang, Wei Wang, Cheng Strzalka, Joseph Liu, Yun Wen, Jianguo Miller, Dean J. Yu, Luping Darling, Seth B. TI Morphology-property insights into high-performance organic photovoltaics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Chen, Wei; Wen, Jianguo; Miller, Dean J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chen, Wei; Darling, Seth B.] Univ Chicago, Inst Mol Engn, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Xu, Tao; He, Feng; Wang, Wei; Yu, Luping] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Wang, Cheng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Strzalka, Joseph] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Nis, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Darling, Seth B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM darling@anl.gov RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 5-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851304460 ER PT J AU Chirico, RD Frenkel, M Magee, JW Diky, VV Kroenlein, K Muzny, CD Kazakov, AF Abdulagatov, IM Hardin, GR de Loos, TW O'Connell, JP McCabe, C Brennecke, JF Mathias, PM Goodwin, ARH Wu, JT Marsh, KN Weir, RD Acree, WE Padua, A Haynes, WM Friend, DG Mandelis, A Rives, V Schick, C Vyazovkin, S Chen, E AF Chirico, Robert D. Frenkel, Michael Magee, Joseph W. Diky, Vladimir V. Kroenlein, Kenneth Muzny, Chris D. Kazakov, Andrei F. Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M. Hardin, Gary R. de Loos, Theodoor W. O'Connell, John P. McCabe, Clare Brennecke, Joan F. Mathias, Paul M. Goodwin, Anthony R. H. Wu, Jiangtao Marsh, Kenneth N. Weir, Ronald D. Acree, William E., Jr. Padua, Agilio Haynes, W. M. (Mickey) Friend, Daniel G. Mandelis, Andreas Rives, Vicente Schick, Christoph Vyazovkin, Sergey Chen, Ella TI NIST-journal cooperation to improve the quality of published experimental data: Pre-acceptance evaluation and on-line tools SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Chirico, Robert D.; Frenkel, Michael; Magee, Joseph W.; Diky, Vladimir V.; Kroenlein, Kenneth; Muzny, Chris D.; Kazakov, Andrei F.; Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M.; Hardin, Gary R.; Haynes, W. M. (Mickey); Friend, Daniel G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO USA. [de Loos, Theodoor W.] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Proc & Energy, Delft, Netherlands. [O'Connell, John P.] Univ Virginia, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA USA. [McCabe, Clare] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [McCabe, Clare] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN USA. [Brennecke, Joan F.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Mathias, Paul M.] Fluor Corp, Aliso Viejo, CA USA. [Goodwin, Anthony R. H.] Schlumberger Technol Corp, Sugar Land, TX USA. [Wu, Jiangtao] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Ctr Thermal & Fluid Sci, Xian 710049, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Weir, Ronald D.] Royal Mil Coll Canada, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Acree, William E., Jr.] Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Padua, Agilio] Univ Clermont Ferrand, Lab Thermodynam & Interact Mol, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Padua, Agilio] Univ Clermont Ferrand, Photochim Mol & Macromol Lab, CNRS, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. [Mandelis, Andreas] Univ Toronto, Fac Appl Sci & Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Rives, Vicente] Univ Salamanca, Dept Quim Inorgan, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain. [Schick, Christoph] Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. [Vyazovkin, Sergey] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Chem, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Chen, Ella] Elsevier, Phys & Theoret Chem, Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM robert.chirico@nist.gov RI de Loos, Theodoor/L-1825-2013; McCabe, Clare/I-8017-2012 OI McCabe, Clare/0000-0002-8552-9135 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 39-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851303567 ER PT J AU Clark, NJ Watson, MC Krueger, S Lee, HJ McAuley, A Curtis, JE AF Clark, Nicholas J. Watson, Max C. Krueger, Susan Lee, Hyo Jin McAuley, Arnold Curtis, Joseph E. TI Small-angle scattering and atomistic modeling of monoclonal antibodies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Clark, Nicholas J.; Watson, Max C.; Krueger, Susan; Curtis, Joseph E.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Hyo Jin; McAuley, Arnold] Amgen Inc, Dept Drug Prod Dev, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. EM nicholas.clark@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 177-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851301021 ER PT J AU Dura, JA Owejan, JE DeCaluwe, SC Owejan, JP AF Dura, Joseph A. Owejan, Jeanette E. DeCaluwe, Steven C. Owejan, Jon P. TI In situ neutron reflectometry measurements of the solid electrolyte interphase in Li-ion batteries SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Dura, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20815 USA. [Owejan, Jeanette E.; Owejan, Jon P.] Gen Motors, Electrochem Energy Res Lab, Honeoye Falls, NY 14472 USA. [DeCaluwe, Steven C.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Mech Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jdura@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 261-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851304693 ER PT J AU Farha, OK Wilmer, C Yildirim, T Snurr, RQ Hupp, J AF Farha, Omar K. Wilmer, Christopher Yildirim, Taner Snurr, Randall Q. Hupp, Joseph TI Utilizing metal-organic frameworks for gas storage SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Farha, Omar K.; Wilmer, Christopher; Snurr, Randall Q.; Hupp, Joseph] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM o-farha@northwestern.edu RI Snurr, Randall/B-6699-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 221-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851304658 ER PT J AU Feshitan, JA Boss, MA Borden, MA AF Feshitan, Jameel A. Boss, Michael A. Borden, Mark A. TI Magnetic resonance properties of Gd(III)-bound lipid-coated microbubbles and their cavitation fragments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Feshitan, Jameel A.; Borden, Mark A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Boss, Michael A.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jameel.feshitan@colorado.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 517-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851303983 ER PT J AU Gigault, J Hackley, VA AF Gigault, Julien Hackley, Vincent A. TI l Gold nanorod separation and characterization by asymmetric-flow field flow fractionation coupled to UV-Vis detector SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Gigault, Julien; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM julien.gigault@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 174-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851300389 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, CA AF Gonzalez, Carlos A. TI Use of computational chemistry methodologies in the interpretation and guidance of experimental measurements SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Gonzalez, Carlos A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carlos.gonzalez@nist.gov RI Gonzalez, Carlos A/O-4651-2014 OI Gonzalez, Carlos A/0000-0003-2822-9715 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 141-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851304193 ER PT J AU Kearns, J Shimabuku, K Noikaew, R Niamjan, S Reents, N Mansfield, E Rutherford, D McLaughlin, H Knappe, D Summers, RS AF Kearns, Joshua Shimabuku, Kyle Noikaew, Ramphai Niamjan, Sheena Reents, Nathan Mansfield, Elisabeth Rutherford, David McLaughlin, Hugh Knappe, Detlef Summers, R. Scott TI Herbicide sorption/desorption by biochars produced from traditional kiln and low-cost gasifier systems: Applications in sustainable decentralized water treatment for developing communities SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kearns, Joshua; Shimabuku, Kyle; Summers, R. Scott] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Noikaew, Ramphai; Niamjan, Sheena; Reents, Nathan] Pun Pun Ctr Self Reliance, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand. [Kearns, Joshua; Reents, Nathan] Aqueous Solut, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand. [Mansfield, Elisabeth] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Rutherford, David] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [McLaughlin, Hugh] Alterna Biocarbon, Biocarbon Res, Groton, MA USA. [Knappe, Detlef] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM joshua.kearns@colorado.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 81-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851305303 ER PT J AU Li, L Cockayne, E AF Li, Lan Cockayne, Eric TI Nanoporous materials by design for carbon capture and storage SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Li, Lan; Cockayne, Eric] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Li, Lan] Boise State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM lanli@boisestate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 444-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851304858 ER PT J AU Madigan, DJ Baumann, Z Munch, S Popp, BN Block, BA Fisher, NS AF Madigan, Daniel J. Baumann, Zosia Munch, Stephen Popp, Brian N. Block, Barbara A. Fisher, Nicholas S. TI Fukushima-derived radiocesium in highly migratory Pacific predators SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Madigan, Daniel J.; Block, Barbara A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Baumann, Zosia; Fisher, Nicholas S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Munch, Stephen] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Popp, Brian N.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM dmadigan@stanford.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 8-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851300009 ER PT J AU Orski, SV Beers, KL AF Orski, Sara V. Beers, Kathryn L. TI Photo-crosslinked polymer thin film sensors for in situ adsorption monitoring by QCM-D SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Orski, Sara V.; Beers, Kathryn L.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sara.orski@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 259-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851300472 ER PT J AU Perevozchikova, T Nanda, H Jones, RL Roberts, CJ AF Perevozchikova, Tatiana Nanda, Hirsh Jones, Ronald L. Roberts, Christopher J. TI Protein aggregation as a consequence of surface association SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Perevozchikova, Tatiana; Roberts, Christopher J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Perevozchikova, Tatiana; Jones, Ronald L.; Roberts, Christopher J.] NIST, nSoft Consortium, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nanda, Hirsh] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Nanda, Hirsh] NIST, Natl Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tatiana.perevozchikova@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 174-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851301018 ER PT J AU Rintoul, S Shekhar, P Zimmermann, K Stern, LJ Losche, M Heinrich, F AF Rintoul, Stefanie Shekhar, Prabhanshu Zimmermann, Kerstin Stern, Lawrence J. Loesche, Mathias Heinrich, Frank TI Association of the T-cell antigen receptor z subunit with the lipid membrane: Affinities and structure SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Shekhar, Prabhanshu; Loesche, Mathias; Heinrich, Frank] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Rintoul, Stefanie; Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Loesche, Mathias; Heinrich, Frank] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zimmermann, Kerstin; Stern, Lawrence J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Pathol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. EM fheinric@cmu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 142-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851303794 ER PT J AU Rosado-Reyes, CM Tsang, W AF Rosado-Reyes, Claudette M. Tsang, Wing TI Kinetics and mechanism of the thermal decomposition of isobutanol in a heated single pulse shock tube SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Rosado-Reyes, Claudette M.; Tsang, Wing] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM claudette.rosado-reyes@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 791-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851305191 ER PT J AU Ryerson, TB Bauguitte, SJB Lee, JD Wellpott, A Lowry, D Fisher, RE Lewis, AC Hopkins, JR Allan, G O'Shea, S Lanoiselle, ME France, J Lidster, RT Punjabi, S Manning, AJ Mobbs, SD Gallagher, M Coe, H Pyle, JA Nisbet, EG Blake, DR Atlas, EA de Gouw, JA Warneke, C Peischl, J Parrish, DD Ravishankara, AR AF Ryerson, Thomas B. Bauguitte, Stephane J. -B. Lee, James D. Wellpott, Axel Lowry, David Fisher, Rebecca E. Lewis, Alastair C. Hopkins, James R. Allan, Grant O'Shea, Sebastian Lanoiselle, Mathias E. France, James Lidster, Richard T. Punjabi, Shalini Manning, Alistair J. Mobbs, Stephen D. Gallagher, Martin Coe, Hugh Pyle, John A. Nisbet, Euan G. Blake, Donald R. Atlas, Elliot A. de Gouw, Joost A. Warneke, Carsten Peischl, Jeffrey Parrish, David D. Ravishankara, A. R. TI Airborne chemical measurements provide time-critical decision support during offshore blowouts: Examples from Deepwater Horizon in 2010 and Elgin in 2012 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Ryerson, Thomas B.; de Gouw, Joost A.; Warneke, Carsten; Peischl, Jeffrey; Parrish, David D.; Ravishankara, A. R.] NOAA ESRL Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bauguitte, Stephane J. -B.; Wellpott, Axel] FAAM, Cranfield, Beds, England. [Lee, James D.; Lewis, Alastair C.; Hopkins, James R.; Lidster, Richard T.; Punjabi, Shalini; Mobbs, Stephen D.] UK Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, York YO100 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Lowry, David; Fisher, Rebecca E.; Lanoiselle, Mathias E.; France, James; Nisbet, Euan G.] Royal Holloway Univ London, Dept Earth Sci, Egham, Surrey, England. [Manning, Alistair J.] UK Meteorol Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Allan, Grant; O'Shea, Sebastian; Gallagher, Martin; Coe, Hugh] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Pyle, John A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Blake, Donald R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Atlas, Elliot A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM thomas.b.ryerson@noaa.gov RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Lewis, Alastair/A-6721-2008; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015 OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Lewis, Alastair/0000-0002-4075-3651; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 226-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851300442 ER PT J AU Sharma, R Winterstein, J Sharma, V Croazier, PA AF Sharma, Renu Winterstein, Jonathan Sharma, Vaneet Croazier, Peter A. TI In situ measurements of the redox activity of Ce based anode materials for solid oxide fuel cell applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Sharma, Renu] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Winterstein, Jonathan] FEI Co, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. [Sharma, Vaneet; Croazier, Peter A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM renu.sharma@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 53-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851304502 ER PT J AU Shenoy, SS Heinrich, F Nanda, H Gericke, A Ross, AH Losche, M AF Shenoy, Siddharth S. Heinrich, Frank Nanda, Hirsh Gericke, Arne Ross, Alonzo H. Loesche, Mathias TI Membrane binding and regulation of the PTEN tumor suppressor SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Shenoy, Siddharth S.; Heinrich, Frank; Nanda, Hirsh; Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Heinrich, Frank; Nanda, Hirsh; Loesche, Mathias] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gericke, Arne] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Chem & Biochem, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Ross, Alonzo H.] Univ Massachusetts Med Sch, Dept Biochem & Mol Pharmacol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. EM quench@cmu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 220-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851303869 ER PT J AU Watson, MC Clark, NJ Curtis, JE AF Watson, Max C. Clark, Nicholas J. Curtis, Joseph E. TI Atomically detailed modeling of crowded antibody solutions: Effects of protein concentration and salt in 1000-molecule simulations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Watson, Max C.; Clark, Nicholas J.; Curtis, Joseph E.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM max.watson@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 176-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851301020 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Culp, J Chen, YS Espinal, L Allen, AJ Siderius, D Brown, CM Queen, WL Zavalij, P Matranga, C AF Wong-Ng, Winnie Culp, Jeffrey Chen, Yu-Sheng Espinal, Laura Allen, Andrew J. Siderius, Daniel Brown, Craig M. Queen, Wendy L. Zavalij, Peter Matranga, Christopher TI Flexible metal organic framework compound, Ni(1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene)[Ni(CN)(4)](n), for CO2 sorption applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Wong-Ng, Winnie; Espinal, Laura; Allen, Andrew J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Culp, Jeffrey; Matranga, Christopher] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Div Chem & Surface Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Chen, Yu-Sheng] Univ Chicago, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zavalij, Peter] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Culp, Jeffrey] URS Corp, South Pk, PA 15219 USA. [Siderius, Daniel] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Queen, Wendy L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov RI Matranga, Christopher/E-4741-2015 OI Matranga, Christopher/0000-0001-7082-5938 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 137-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851304579 ER PT J AU Ye, J Wang, DB Sheng, LG AF Ye, Jing Wang, Dongbo Sheng Lin-Gibson TI Laser light scattering measurement of polymer directed calcium phosphate biomineralization SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Ye, Jing; Wang, Dongbo; Sheng Lin-Gibson] NIST, Biomat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM slgibson@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 212-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851303862 ER PT J AU Yildirim, T AF Yildirim, Taner TI Carbon capture and methane storage in porous metal-organic frameworks: A comparative study and independent validation of current records and future directions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Yildirim, Taner] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM taner@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 135-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851304577 ER PT J AU Marshall, KN Hobbs, NT Cooper, DJ AF Marshall, Kristin N. Hobbs, N. Thompson Cooper, David J. TI Stream hydrology limits recovery of riparian ecosystems after wolf reintroduction SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE trophic cascade; alternative states; resilience ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; NORTHERN WINTER RANGE; TROPHIC CASCADES; UNGULATE HERBIVORY; WOLVES; WILLOW; ELK; PERTURBATION; ECOLOGY; BEAVER AB Efforts to restore ecosystems often focus on reintroducing apex predators to re-establish coevolved relationships among predators, herbivores and plants. The preponderance of evidence for indirect effects of predators on terrestrial plant communities comes from ecosystems where predators have been removed. Far less is known about the consequences of their restoration. The effects of removal and restoration are unlikely to be symmetrical because removing predators can create feedbacks that reinforce the effects of predator loss. Observational studies have suggested that the reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone National Park initiated dramatic restoration of riparian ecosystems by releasing willows from excessive browsing by elk. Here, we present results from a decade-long experiment in Yellowstone showing that moderating browsing alone was not sufficient to restore riparian zones along small streams. Instead, restoration of willow communities depended on removing browsing and restoring hydrological conditions that prevailed before the removal of wolves. The 70-year absence of predators from the ecosystem changed the disturbance regime in a way that was not reversed by predator reintroduction. We conclude that predator restoration may not quickly repair effects of predator removal in ecosystems. C1 [Marshall, Kristin N.; Hobbs, N. Thompson; Cooper, David J.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Marshall, Kristin N.; Cooper, David J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest & Rangeland Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hobbs, N. Thompson] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource & Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hobbs, N. Thompson] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Marshall, KN (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM kristin.marshall@noaa.gov RI Hobbs, Tom/C-5263-2016 FU United States National Science Foundation [DEB-0717367, DEB-1147369] FX This research was funded by the United States National Science Foundation (DEB-0717367 and DEB-1147369). We thank the staff of the Yellowstone Center for Resources for logistical and technical support, and K. Schoenecker and L. Ziegenfuss for providing F. J. Singer's raw data from his 1994 paper. Many individuals helped with fieldwork. Thanks to D. Theobald and J. Salo for assistance with observational site selection. This manuscript was improved by comments from D. Binkley, W. Romme, M. Kauffman, J. Hoeting and two anonymous reviewers. NR 52 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 19 U2 264 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 280 IS 1756 AR 20122977 DI 10.1098/rspb.2012.2977 PG 7 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 097GH UT WOS:000315461500023 PM 23390108 ER PT J AU Ahmed, Z Plusquellic, DF AF Ahmed, Zeeshan Plusquellic, David F. TI Characterizing crystalline materials with terahertz spectroscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Symposium on Physicochemical Characterization of Organic Matter - Past, Present, Future, and Role of Environment / 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Educ C1 [Ahmed, Zeeshan; Plusquellic, David F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zeeshan.ahmed@nist.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 337-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851300548 ER PT J AU Bhongale, SG Mathey, L Tsai, SW Clark, CW Zhao, EH AF Bhongale, S. G. Mathey, L. Tsai, Shan-Wen Clark, Charles W. Zhao, Erhai TI Unconventional spin-density waves in dipolar Fermi gases SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RENORMALIZATION-GROUP APPROACH; POLAR-MOLECULES; LATTICE AB We show that unconventional spin order arises naturally in two-component dipolar Fermi gases of atoms or molecules, which recently became accessible experimentally, in optical lattices. Using an unbiased functional renormalization-group analysis, we find that dipolar interactions lead to an instability of the gas toward an l = 1 spin-density wave state. This phase is the particle-hole analog of spin-triplet, p-wave Cooper pairs. The order parameter for such spin-density waves of p-wave orbital symmetry is a vector in spin space and, moreover, is defined on lattice bonds rather than on lattice sites. We determine the rich quantum phase diagram of dipolar fermions at half filling on the square lattice as a function of the dipolar orientation and discuss how these exotic spin-density waves emerge amidst competition with superfluid and charge-density wave phases. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.043604 C1 [Bhongale, S. G.; Zhao, Erhai] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Mathey, L.] Univ Hamburg, Zentrum Opt Quantentechnol, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. [Mathey, L.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Laserphys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. [Tsai, Shan-Wen] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys & Astron, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Bhongale, S. G.; Clark, Charles W.; Zhao, Erhai] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bhongale, S. G.; Clark, Charles W.; Zhao, Erhai] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bhongale, SG (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Mathey, Ludwig/A-9644-2009; Zhao, Erhai/B-3463-2010 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Zhao, Erhai/0000-0001-8954-1601 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-0847801]; Landesexzellenzinitiative Hamburg; Science and Research Foundation Hamburg; Joachim Herz Stiftung; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB 925]; UC-Lab FRP [09-LR-05-118602] FX We thank Benjamin Lev for invaluable discussions. S.B. and E.Z. are supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and National Science Foundation (NSF). L.M. acknowledges support from the Landesexzellenzinitiative Hamburg, which is financed by the Science and Research Foundation Hamburg and supported by the Joachim Herz Stiftung, and from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under Grant No. SFB 925. S.W.T. acknowledges support from NSF under Grant No. DMR-0847801 and from the UC-Lab FRP under Grant No. 09-LR-05-118602. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 5 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 4 AR 043604 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.043604 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 120ST UT WOS:000317193400004 ER PT J AU Anton, SM Birenbaum, JS O'Kelley, SR Bolkhovsky, V Braje, DA Fitch, G Neeley, M Hilton, GC Cho, HM Irwin, KD Wellstood, FC Oliver, WD Shnirman, A Clarke, J AF Anton, S. M. Birenbaum, J. S. O'Kelley, S. R. Bolkhovsky, V. Braje, D. A. Fitch, G. Neeley, M. Hilton, G. C. Cho, H. -M. Irwin, K. D. Wellstood, F. C. Oliver, W. D. Shnirman, A. Clarke, John TI Magnetic Flux Noise in dc SQUIDs: Temperature and Geometry Dependence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; SPECTROSCOPY; JUNCTIONS; STATES AB The spectral density S-Phi(f) = A(2)/(f/1 Hz)(alpha) of magnetic flux noise in ten dc superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) with systematically varied geometries shows that alpha increases as the temperature is lowered; in so doing, each spectrum pivots about a nearly constant frequency. The mean-square flux noise, inferred by integrating the power spectra, grows rapidly with temperature and at a given temperature is approximately independent of the outer dimension of a given SQUID. These results are incompatible with a model based on the random reversal of independent, surface spins. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.147002 C1 [Anton, S. M.; Birenbaum, J. S.; O'Kelley, S. R.; Clarke, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bolkhovsky, V.; Braje, D. A.; Fitch, G.; Neeley, M.; Oliver, W. D.] MIT Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Hilton, G. C.; Cho, H. -M.; Irwin, K. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wellstood, F. C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shnirman, A.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Theorie Kondensierten Materie, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Anton, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), through the Army Research Office; United States Government; NIST Quantum Initiative FX This research was funded by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), through the Army Research Office, by the United States Government, and by the NIST Quantum Initiative. NR 32 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 5 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 14 AR 147002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.147002 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 120RX UT WOS:000317190800014 PM 25167026 ER PT J AU Zhao, J Rotundu, CR Marty, K Matsuda, M Zhao, Y Setty, C Bourret-Courchesne, E Hu, JP Birgeneau, RJ AF Zhao, Jun Rotundu, C. R. Marty, K. Matsuda, M. Zhao, Y. Setty, C. Bourret-Courchesne, E. Hu, Jiangping Birgeneau, R. J. TI Effect of Electron Correlations on Magnetic Excitations in the Isovalently Doped Iron-Based Superconductor Ba(Fe1-xRux)(2)As-2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING AB Magnetic correlations in isovalently doped Ba(Fe1 - xRux)(2)As-2 (x = 0.25, T-c = 14.5 K; x = 0.35, T-c = 20 K) are studied by elastic and inelastic neutron scattering techniques. A relatively large superconducting spin gap accompanied by a weak resonance mode is observed in the superconducting state in both samples. In the normal state, the magnetic excitation intensity is dramatically reduced with increasing Ru doping toward the optimally doped regime. Our results favor that the weakening of the electron-electron correlations by Ru doping is responsible for the dampening of the resonance mode, as well as the suppression of the normal state antiferromagnetic correlations near the optimally doped regime in this system. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.147003 C1 [Zhao, Jun] Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Jun] Fudan Univ, State Key Lab Surface Phys, Adv Mat Lab, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Jun; Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhao, Jun] Miller Inst Basic Res Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rotundu, C. R.; Bourret-Courchesne, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marty, K.; Matsuda, M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhao, Y.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Setty, C.; Hu, Jiangping] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhao, J (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RI Zhao, Jun/A-2492-2010; Setty, Chandan/M-2973-2014; Hu, Jiangping/A-9154-2010; Matsuda, Masaaki/A-6902-2016; OI Zhao, Jun/0000-0002-0421-8934; Hu, Jiangping/0000-0003-4480-1734; Matsuda, Masaaki/0000-0003-2209-9526; Rotundu, Costel/0000-0002-1571-8352 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences US DOE [DE-AC03-76SF008]; Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science and Thousand Young Talents Program; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX We thank D. H. Lee, H. Yao, and Y. M. Xu for useful discussions. This work is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and Office of Basic Energy Sciences US DOE DE-AC03-76SF008. Jun Zhao is supported by Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science and Thousand Young Talents Program. The research at ORNL's HFIR was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 5 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 14 AR 147003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.147003 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 120RX UT WOS:000317190800015 PM 25167027 ER PT J AU Long, WC Swiney, KM Harris, C Page, HN Foy, RJ AF Long, William Christopher Swiney, Katherine M. Harris, Caitlin Page, Heather N. Foy, Robert J. TI Effects of Ocean Acidification on Juvenile Red King Crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) and Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) Growth, Condition, Calcification, and Survival SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID OYSTER SACCOSTREA-GLOMERATA; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; EASTERN BERING SEA; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; ESTUARINE ACIDIFICATION; SEAWATER ACIDIFICATION; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; INCUBATION PERIOD; CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS AB Ocean acidification, a decrease in the pH in marine waters associated with rising atmospheric CO2 levels, is a serious threat to marine ecosystems. In this paper, we determine the effects of long-term exposure to near-future levels of ocean acidification on the growth, condition, calcification, and survival of juvenile red king crabs, Paralithodes camtschaticus, and Tanner crabs, Chionoecetes bairdi. Juveniles were reared in individual containers for nearly 200 days in flowing control (pH 8.0), pH 7.8, and pH 7.5 seawater at ambient temperatures (range 4.4-11.9 degrees C). In both species, survival decreased with pH, with 100% mortality of red king crabs occurring after 95 days in pH 7.5 water. Though the morphology of neither species was affected by acidification, both species grew slower in acidified water. At the end of the experiment, calcium concentration was measured in each crab and the dry mass and condition index of each crab were determined. Ocean acidification did not affect the calcium content of red king crab but did decrease the condition index, while it had the opposite effect on Tanner crabs, decreasing calcium content but leaving the condition index unchanged. This suggests that red king crab may be able to maintain calcification rates, but at a high energetic cost. The decrease in survival and growth of each species is likely to have a serious negative effect on their populations in the absence of evolutionary adaptation or acclimatization over the coming decades. C1 [Long, William Christopher; Swiney, Katherine M.; Harris, Caitlin; Page, Heather N.; Foy, Robert J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Kodiak Lab, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Kodiak, AK USA. RP Long, WC (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Kodiak Lab, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Kodiak, AK USA. EM chris.long@noaa.gov RI Long, William/C-7074-2009; OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245; Page, Heather/0000-0001-9997-0004 FU NOAA Ocean Acidification Program; NOAA Hollings Fellowship; Pollock Conservation Cooperative Fund Award from Alaska Pacific University FX Funding was supplied through the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (http://www.oar.noaa.gov/oceans/ocean-acidification/index.html). HP was supported by a NOAA Hollings Fellowship (http://www.oesd.noaa.gov/scholarships/hollings.html), and CH by was supported by a Pollock Conservation Cooperative Fund Award from Alaska Pacific University (http://marine.alaskapacific.edu/marine/announcement.html). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 84 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 95 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 4 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 4 AR e60959 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0060959 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 146RK UT WOS:000319108100070 PM 23593357 ER PT J AU Bennartz, R Shupe, MD Turner, DD Walden, VP Steffen, K Cox, CJ Kulie, MS Miller, NB Pettersen, C AF Bennartz, R. Shupe, M. D. Turner, D. D. Walden, V. P. Steffen, K. Cox, C. J. Kulie, M. S. Miller, N. B. Pettersen, C. TI July 2012 Greenland melt extent enhanced by low-level liquid clouds SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ICE-SHEET; ARCTIC SURFACE; SNOW AB Melting of the world's major ice sheets can affect human and environmental conditions by contributing to sea-level rise. In July 2012, an historically rare period of extended surface melting was observed across almost the entire Greenland ice sheet(1,2), raising questions about the frequency and spatial extent of such events. Here we show that low-level clouds consisting of liquid water droplets ('liquid clouds'), via their radiative effects, played a key part in this melt event by increasing near-surface temperatures. We used a suite of surface-based observations(3), remote sensing data, and a surface energy-balance model. At the critical surface melt time, the clouds were optically thick enough and low enough to enhance the down-welling infrared flux at the surface. At the same time they were optically thin enough to allow sufficient solar radiation to penetrate through them and raise surface temperatures above the melting point. Outside this narrow range in cloud optical thickness, the radiative contribution to the surface energy budget would have been diminished, and the spatial extent of this melting event would have been smaller. We further show that these thin, low-level liquid clouds occur frequently, both over Greenland and across the Arctic, being present around 30-50 per cent of the time(3-6). Our results may help to explain the difficulties that global climate models have in simulating the Arctic surface energy budget(7-9), particularly as models tend to under-predict the formation of optically thin liquid clouds at supercooled temperatures(6)-a process potentially necessary to account fully for temperature feedbacks in a warming Arctic climate. C1 [Bennartz, R.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Shupe, M. D.; Steffen, K.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shupe, M. D.; Steffen, K.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Turner, D. D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Walden, V. P.; Cox, C. J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Steffen, K.] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Kulie, M. S.; Miller, N. B.; Pettersen, C.] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bennartz, R (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM bennartz@aos.wisc.edu RI Bennartz, Ralf/F-3760-2010; Steffen, Konrad/C-6027-2013; Kulie, Mark/C-3289-2011; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Cox, Christopher/O-4276-2016 OI Steffen, Konrad/0000-0001-8658-1026; Kulie, Mark/0000-0003-1400-1007; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; Cox, Christopher/0000-0003-2203-7173 FU US National Science Foundation, Arctic Observing Network (AON) programme [ARC-0904152, 0856773, 0856559] FX ICECAPS is supported by the US National Science Foundation (grants ARC-0904152, 0856773 and 0856559) as part of the Arctic Observing Network (AON) programme. Two-metre temperature and radar measurements were provided by the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Lidar and ceilometer measurements were provided by the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement programme. We thank the extended ICECAPS team of scientists, engineers, students and field technicians for obtaining high-quality atmosphere and cloud observations at Summit. NR 26 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 5 U2 86 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 4 PY 2013 VL 496 IS 7443 BP 83 EP 86 DI 10.1038/nature12002 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 117ZZ UT WOS:000316993400029 PM 23552947 ER PT J AU Foss-Feig, M Hazzard, KRA Bollinger, JJ Rey, AM AF Foss-Feig, Michael Hazzard, Kaden R. A. Bollinger, John J. Rey, Ana Maria TI Nonequilibrium dynamics of arbitrary-range Ising models with decoherence: An exact analytic solution SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ION QUANTUM SIMULATOR; TRAPPED IONS; ENTANGLEMENT; SPINS; EQUILIBRIUM; PHYSICS; STATES AB The interplay between interactions and decoherence in many-body systems is of fundamental importance in quantum physics. In a step toward understanding this interplay, we obtain an exact analytic solution for the nonequilibrium dynamics of Ising models with arbitrary couplings (and therefore in arbitrary dimension) and subject to local Markovian decoherence. Our solution shows that decoherence significantly degrades the nonclassical correlations developed during coherent Ising spin dynamics, which relax much faster than predicted by treating decoherence and interactions separately. We also show that the competition of decoherence and interactions induces a transition from oscillatory to overdamped dynamics that is absent at the single-particle or mean-field level. These calculations are applicable to ongoing quantum information and emulation efforts using a variety of atomic, molecular, optical, and solid-state systems. In particular, we apply our results to the NIST Penning trapped-ion experiment and show that the current experiment is capable of producing entanglement amongst hundreds of quantum spins. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.042101 C1 [Foss-Feig, Michael; Hazzard, Kaden R. A.; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Foss-Feig, Michael; Hazzard, Kaden R. A.; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bollinger, John J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Foss-Feig, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU NIST; NSF (PIF); NSF (PFC); AFOSR; ARO; DARPA-OLE; NRC FX We gratefully acknowledge Joe Britton, Brian Sawyer, Salvatore Manmana, Michael Kastner, Dominic Meiser, and Murray Holland for helpful discussions. This work was supported by NIST, the NSF (PIF and PFC grants), AFOSR and ARO individual investigator awards, and the ARO with funding from the DARPA-OLE program. K. H. thanks the NRC for support. This manuscript is the contribution of NIST and is not subject to US copyright. NR 37 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 3 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 4 AR 042101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.042101 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 119KY UT WOS:000317097400002 ER PT J AU Safronova, MS Majumder, PK AF Safronova, M. S. Majumder, P. K. TI Thallium 7p lifetimes derived from experimental data and ab initio calculations of scalar polarizabilities SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC THALLIUM; FLUORESCENCE; STATES AB Two different theoretical methods have been used to complete a calculation of polarizability in the thallium 6p(1/2), 7s, and 7p(1/2) states. The predictions of the two methods agree to within 1% for the 6p(1/2) and 7s states and 2% for the 7p(1/2) state. We find that the theoretical expression for the 6p(1/2)-7s transition polarizability difference Delta alpha(0) is dominated (greater than 90% contribution) by mixing of the 7s state with the 7p(1/2) and 7p(3/2) states. By comparing the theoretical expression to an existing measurement of Delta alpha(0) [Doret et al., Phys. Rev. A 66, 052504 (2002)], highly accurate values for the thallium 7p excited-state lifetimes have been extracted. The scalar polarizability of the 7p(1/2) state is also computed, anticipating an experimental determination of this quantity, which will then enable a high-precision determination of the 6d(j)-7(pj') transition rates and provide a benchmark test of the two theoretical approaches in the near future. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.042502 C1 [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Majumder, P. K.] Williams Coll, Dept Phys, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. RP Safronova, MS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. FU NSF [PHY-1068699, PHY-0140189, PHY-0969781] FX We thank U. I. Safronova and S. G. Porsev for useful discussions. The work of M. S. S. was supported in part by NSF Grant No. PHY-1068699. We thank G. Ranjit and N. A. Schine for important experimental contributions. The experimental polarizability work was supported by NSF Grant No. PHY-0140189 and is currently supported by Grant No. PHY-0969781. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 3 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 4 AR 042502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.042502 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 119KY UT WOS:000317097400005 ER PT J AU Kalafut-Pettibone, AJ McGivern, WS AF Kalafut-Pettibone, Alicia J. McGivern, W. Sean TI Analytical Methodology for Determination of Organic Aerosol Functional Group Distributions SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; SECONDARY AEROSOL; NOX; PHOTOOXIDATION; SAMPLES; DERIVATIZATION; PM2.5 AB Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles result from the condensation of oxidized volatile organic compounds (VOC) and consist of a complex mixture that is not conducive to complete compositional analysis. We present a simple methodology for determining the quantities of aldehydes and ketones, alcohols, and carboxylic acids in such samples via derivatization and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet-visible absorption detection and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Useful concentration ranges are presented with an examination of the specificity of these compounds in multiply substituted systems. Such data are valuable in modeling the formation of laboratory-generated aerosols and in identifying point sources of field-collected aerosol samples. Calibration curves on standard samples, MS/MS transitions, including collisionally induced dissociation (CID) products, and a quantitative examination of the specificity of the derivatization reagents toward multiple functional groups are presented for a series of aliphatic standard samples. These methods are then applied to filter extracts from SOA derived from 1-iodooctane photolysis at 254 nm to demonstrate the methodology on a complex system. Ultimately, this methodology enables the measurement of variations in the chemical nature of the oxygen within an SOA particle, providing a distribution of functional group concentrations. C1 [Kalafut-Pettibone, Alicia J.; McGivern, W. Sean] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McGivern, WS (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sean.mcgivern@nist.gov FU NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program; National Research Council/NIST Postdoctoral Research Associates Program FX Support for this work was provided by the NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program. A.J.K.-P. acknowledges the National Research Council/NIST Postdoctoral Research Associates Program for financial support. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 62 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 2 PY 2013 VL 85 IS 7 BP 3553 EP 3560 DI 10.1021/ac3028728 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 120MA UT WOS:000317173200017 PM 23461576 ER PT J AU Claverie, F Malherbe, J Bier, N Molloy, JL Long, SE AF Claverie, Fanny Malherbe, Julien Bier, Naomi Molloy, John L. Long, Stephen E. TI Standard Addition Method for Laser Ablation ICPMS Using a Spinning Platform SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ISOTOPE-DILUTION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SAMPLES; MS; GLASSES; CALIBRATION AB A method has been developed for the fast and easy determination of Pb, Sr, Ba, Ni, Cu, and Zn, which are of geological and environmental interest, in solid samples by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) using a spinning sample platform. The platform, containing a sample and a standard, is spun during the ablation, allowing the quasi-simultaneous ablation of both materials. The aerosols resulting from the ablation of sample and standard were mixed in the ablation cell allowing quantification of analytes by standard additions. The proportion of standard versus sample of the mixing can be increased by performing the ablation further from the axis of rotation. The ablated masses have been determined using a new strategy based on isotope dilution analysis. This spinning laser ablation method has been applied to the Allende meteorite and four powdered standard reference materials (SRMs) fused in lithium borate glasses: two sediments as well as a soil and a rock material. SRM 612 (Trace Elements in Glass) was also analyzed despite having a matrix slightly different from the glass standard obtained by lithium borate fusion. The deviation from the certified values was found to be less than 15% for most of the mass fractions for all the elements and samples studied, with an average precision of 10%. These results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method for the direct and fast analysis of solid samples of different matrixes by standard additions, using a single standard sample. C1 [Claverie, Fanny; Malherbe, Julien; Bier, Naomi; Molloy, John L.; Long, Stephen E.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Claverie, F (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8391, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fanny_claverie@yahoo.fr NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 2 PY 2013 VL 85 IS 7 BP 3584 EP 3591 DI 10.1021/ac303307u PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 120MA UT WOS:000317173200021 PM 23418996 ER PT J AU Wu, B Liu, Y Li, X Mamontov, E Kolesnikov, AI Diallo, SO Do, C Porcar, L Hong, KL Smith, SC Liu, L Smith, GS Egami, T Chen, WR AF Wu, Bin Liu, Yun Li, Xin Mamontov, Eugene Kolesnikov, Alexander I. Diallo, Souleymane O. Do, Changwoo Porcar, Lionel Hong, Kunlun Smith, Sean C. Liu, Li Smith, Gregory S. Egami, Takeshi Chen, Wei-Ren TI Charge-Dependent Dynamics of a Polyelectrolyte Dendrimer and Its Correlation with Invasive Water SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; RESPONSIVE CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; FLEXIBLE SPACER CHAINS; PAMAM DENDRIMERS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; LIQUID WATER; ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS; POLYAMIDOAMINE DENDRIMERS; EXPLICIT COUNTERIONS AB Atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out to investigate the local dynamics of polyelectrolyte dendrimers dissolved in deuterium oxide (D2O) and its dependence on molecular charge. Enhanced segmental dynamics upon increase in molecular charge is observed, consistent with quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) measurements. A strong coupling between the intradendrimer local hydration level and segmental dynamics is also revealed. Compelling evidence shows these findings originate from the electrostatic interaction between the hydrocarbon components of a dendrimer and the invasive water. This combined study provides fundamental insight into the dynamics of charged polyelectrolytes and the solvating water molecules. C1 [Wu, Bin; Li, Xin; Do, Changwoo; Smith, Gregory S.; Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wu, Bin; Hong, Kunlun; Smith, Sean C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mamontov, Eugene; Kolesnikov, Alexander I.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Diallo, Souleymane O.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Egami, Takeshi] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Neutron Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wu, Bin; Liu, Li] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Liu, Yun] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Egami, Takeshi] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Egami, Takeshi] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yunliu@nist.gov; chenw@ornl.gov RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Kolesnikov, Alexander/I-9015-2012; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015; Diallo, Souleymane/B-3111-2016; Smith, Gregory/D-1659-2016; Do, Changwoo/A-9670-2011; Smith, Sean/H-5003-2015; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649; Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675; Diallo, Souleymane/0000-0002-3369-8391; Smith, Gregory/0000-0001-5659-1805; Do, Changwoo/0000-0001-8358-8417; Smith, Sean/0000-0002-5679-8205; Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Energy Division; Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX Research presented in this work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Energy Division. The computation was carried out at the ORNL Institutional Cluster, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. The QENS experiment on the backscattering neutron spectrometer (BASIS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source is supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. The QENS experiment on the disk chopper spectrometer (DCS) at NIST Center for Neutron Research utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. We are also much indebted to Professors Yang Zhang and Feng Ding and Doctor Christopher E. Bertrand for helpful discussions. NR 78 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 83 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 2013 VL 135 IS 13 BP 5111 EP 5117 DI 10.1021/ja3125959 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 121QM UT WOS:000317259300041 PM 23480729 ER PT J AU Budvytyte, R Mickevicius, M Vanderah, DJ Heinrich, F Valincius, G AF Budvytyte, Rima Mickevicius, Mindaugas Vanderah, David J. Heinrich, Frank Valincius, Gintaras TI Modification of Tethered Bilayers by Phospholipid Exchange with Vesicles SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SUPPORTED LIPID-BILAYERS; MEMBRANE-FUSION; GOLD SURFACES; CHOLESTEROL; CHANNELS; ENERGY AB Phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol exchange between vesicles and planar tethered bilayer lipid membranes (tBLMs) was demonstrated from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), fluorescence microscopy (FM), and neutron reflectometry (NR) data. Cholesterol is incorporated into the tBLMs, as determined by the functional reconstitution of the pore forming toxin alpha-hemolysin (EIS data), attaining cholesterol concentrations nearly equal to that in the donor vesicles. Using fluorescently labeled lipids and cholesterol, FM indicates that the vesicle-tBLM exchange is homogeneous for the lipids but not for cholesterol. NR data with perdeuterated lipids indicates lipid exchange asymmetry with two lipids exchanged in the outer leaflet for every lipid in the inner leaflet. NR and EIS data further show different exchange rates for cholesterol (t(1/2) < 60 min) and phosphatidylcholine (t(1/2) > 4 h). This work lays the foundation for the preparation of robust, lower defect, more biologically relevant tBLMs by essentially combining the two methods of tBLM formation-rapid solvent exchange and vesicle fusion. C1 [Budvytyte, Rima; Mickevicius, Mindaugas; Valincius, Gintaras] Vilnius State Univ, Inst Biochem, LT-08662 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Vanderah, David J.] NIST, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Heinrich, Frank] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Heinrich, Frank] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Valincius, G (reprint author), Vilnius State Univ, Inst Biochem, LT-08662 Vilnius, Lithuania. EM gintaras.valincius@bchi.vu.lt RI Heinrich, Frank/A-5339-2010; Budvytyte, Rima/F-5115-2014 OI Heinrich, Frank/0000-0002-8579-553X; Budvytyte, Rima/0000-0002-5063-5878 FU Research Council of Lithuania [MIP-096/2011]; NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology FX The authors thank the British Science and Technology Facilities Council for granting access to the pulsed neutron source facilities through the usage of the European FP7 Transnational access program. Gintaras Valincius and Mindaugas Mickevicius thanks Dr. M. Skoda (ISIS, U.K.) for the extensive practical help and advice in carrying out the experiment RB1120347 at ISIS. This work has been supported by the Research Council of Lithuania (Contract MIP-096/2011) and was performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 2 PY 2013 VL 29 IS 13 BP 4320 EP 4327 DI 10.1021/la304613a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 120MB UT WOS:000317173300019 PM 23445262 ER PT J AU Tiedeken, JA Muha, N Ramsdell, JS AF Tiedeken, Jessica A. Muha, Noah Ramsdell, John S. TI A Cupric Silver Histochemical Analysis of Domoic Acid Damage to Olfactory Pathways Following Status Epilepticus in a Rat Model for Chronic Recurrent Spontaneous Seizures and Aggressive Behavior SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE domoic acid; seizure; epilepsy; neurodegeneration; olfactory; rat; sea lion ID LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; COMMISSURAL FIBER SYSTEMS; PIRIFORM CORTEX; SEA LIONS; NEURONAL DEGENERATION; EFFERENT PROJECTIONS; ENDOPIRIFORM NUCLEUS; GRANULE CELLS; BULB; EPILEPSY AB The amnesic shellfish toxin, domoic acid, interferes with glutamatergic pathways leading to neuronal damage, most notably causing memory loss and seizures. In this study, the authors utilized a recently developed rat model for domoic acid-induced epilepsy, an emerging disease appearing in California sea lions weeks to months after poisoning, to identify structural damage that may lead to a permanent epileptic state. Sprague Dawley rats were kindled with several low hourly intraperitoneal doses of domoic acid until a state of status epilepticus (SE) appears. This kindling approach has previously been shown to induce a permanent state of epileptic disease in 96% animals within 6 months. Three animals were selected for neurohistology a week after the initial SE. An amino cupric silver staining method using neutral red counterstain was used on every eighth 40 mm coronal section from each brain to highlight neural degeneration from the olfactory bulb through the brain stem. The most extensive damage was found in the olfactory bulb and related olfactory pathways, including the anterior/medial olfactory cortices, endopiriform nucleus, and entorhinal cortex. These findings indicate that damage to olfactory pathways is prominent in a rat model for domoic acid-induced chronic recurrent spontaneous seizures and aggressive behavior. C1 [Tiedeken, Jessica A.; Muha, Noah; Ramsdell, John S.] Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-6233 EI 1533-1601 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 41 IS 3 BP 454 EP 469 DI 10.1177/0192623312453521 PG 16 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA AB0EI UT WOS:000331464200003 PM 22821366 ER PT J AU Liou, K Wu, CC Dryer, M Wu, ST Berdichevsky, DB Plunkett, S Mewaldt, RA Mason, GM AF Liou, Kan Wu, Chin-Chun Dryer, Murray Wu, Shi-Tsan Berdichevsky, Daniel B. Plunkett, Simon Mewaldt, Richard A. Mason, Glenn M. TI Magnetohydrodynamic Fast Shocks and Their Relation to Solar Energetic Particle Event Intensities SO TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Solar energetic particles; CME driven-shocks; MHD simulation; ACE ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; ISOTOPE SPECTROMETER; SUN; ACCELERATION; IONS AB Gradual solar energetic particles (SEPs) are associated with interplanetary (IP) shock driven by coronal mass ejections. Testing theories/models that are built around shock acceleration mechanisms is difficult due to the complexity of SEP fluxes acquired by single-point measurements. To circumvent this, we correlate fast-forward shock Mach numbers derived from a 1.5D magnetohydrodynamics simulation with the intensity of solar energetic oxygen (O) and helium-4 (He-4) particles acquired by instruments aboard the ACE spacecraft during a series of coronal mass ejections in 2003 (October 28 - 31). A good correlation at the 5% significance level is found for O and He-4 with energy (E) > 10 MeV n(-1), with the peak correlation coefficient r = 0.82 for O (E = 63.8 - 89.8 MeV n(-1)) and r = 0.77 for He-4 (E = 18.0 - 29.4 MeV n(-1)), respectively, for hourly averaged data. This result not only bolsters the causal relationship between IP fast shocks and SEPs, but also suggests that the Mach number of IP shocks is one of the major controlling parameters for the intensity of SEPs measured in the near-Earth space. C1 [Liou, Kan; Mason, Glenn M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Wu, Chin-Chun; Plunkett, Simon] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Dryer, Murray] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Wu, Shi-Tsan] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL USA. [Berdichevsky, Daniel B.] Univ Dist Columbia, Washington, DC USA. [Mewaldt, Richard A.] CALTECH, Space Radit Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Liou, K (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. EM kan.liou@jhuapl.edu RI Liou, Kan/C-2089-2016 OI Liou, Kan/0000-0001-5277-7688 FU NSF [AGS-0964396, ATM0754278]; ONR; AFOSR [FA9550-07-1-0468]; NASA [NNX1OAT75G, NNX07AP69G, NNX8AI11G]; [NRL 6.1] FX We would like to acknowledge E. Stone, who is the Principal Investigator of the ACE/SIS instrument team. We acknowledge the use of flare data from the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center. The work of K. Liou was supported by NSF AGS-0964396 Grant. The work of C. C. Wu was supported by ONR. The work of S. Plunkett was supported by NRL 6.1 Program. The work of S. T. Wu is supported by AFOSR Grant FA9550-07-1-0468 and NSF Grant ATM0754278 to UAH. The work of G. M. Mason was supported by NASA grants NNX1OAT75G and NNX07AP69G. The work at Caltech was sponsored by NASA grant NNX8AI11G. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHINESE GEOSCIENCE UNION PI TAIPEI PA PO BOX 23-59, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN SN 1017-0839 J9 TERR ATMOS OCEAN SCI JI Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 24 IS 2 SI SI BP 165 EP 173 DI 10.3319/TAO.2012.05.08.01(SEC) PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 292IC UT WOS:000329894400002 ER PT J AU dos Santos, AF Velho, HFD Luz, EFP Freitas, SR Grell, G Gan, MA AF dos Santos, Ariane F. de Campos Velho, Haroldo F. Luz, Eduardo F. P. Freitas, Saulo R. Grell, Georg Gan, Manoel A. TI Firefly optimization to determine the precipitation field on South America SO INVERSE PROBLEMS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE cumulus representation; precipitation; BRAMS; firefly optimization; inverse problems ID CLOUD MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; SCHEME; CONVECTION; TRANSPORT; ALGORITHM; ENSEMBLE; MODEL AB A model simulation of an intense rainfall associated with a case of South Atlantic Convergence Zone that occurred during 21-24 February 2004 using the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modelling System was performed. The convective parameterization scheme of Grell and Devenyi was used to represent clouds of the sub-grid scale and their interaction with the large-scale environment. This method is a convective parameterization that can make use of a large variety of approaches previously introduced in earlier formulations, considering an ensemble of several hypotheses and closures. The rainfall was evaluated by six experiments, using different choices of rainfall parameterizations, providing six different simulated responses for the rainfall field. The sixth experiment ran with an average among five closures (ensemble mean). The purpose of this study was to generate a set of weights to compute a best combination of the ensemble members. This inverse problem of parameter estimation is solved as an optimization problem. The objective function was computed with the quadratic difference between five simulated precipitation fields and observation. The precipitation field estimated by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite was used as observed data. Weights were obtained using the firefly optimization algorithm and it was included in the cumulus parameterization code to simulate precipitation. The results indicated the better skill of the model with the new methodology compared with the old ensemble mean calculation. C1 [dos Santos, Ariane F.; Freitas, Saulo R.; Gan, Manoel A.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Ctr Previsao Tempo & Estudos Climat, Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil. [de Campos Velho, Haroldo F.; Luz, Eduardo F. P.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Lab Associado Comp & Matemat Aplicada, BR-12201 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Grell, Georg] US Dept Commerce, Global Syst Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP dos Santos, AF (reprint author), Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Ctr Previsao Tempo & Estudos Climat, Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil. EM ariane.frassoni@cptec.inpe.br RI Freitas, Saulo/A-2279-2012; grell, georg/B-6234-2015; OI Freitas, Saulo/0000-0002-9879-646X; grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; F. dos Santos, Ariane/0000-0002-7205-920X FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2008/01983-0]; Brazilians Federal (CNPq); Brazilians Federal (CAPES); State (FAPESP) agency FX Ariane F. dos Santos was supported by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), process 2008/01983-0. Authors Ariane F. dos Santos, Haroldo F. de Campos Velho, Saulo R. Freitas, Manoel A. Gan thank the Brazilians Federal (CNPq and CAPES) and State (FAPESP) agencies for supporting the study. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1741-5977 EI 1741-5985 J9 INVERSE PROBL SCI EN JI Inverse Probl. Sci. Eng. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 3 SI SI BP 451 EP 466 DI 10.1080/17415977.2012.712531 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 263WE UT WOS:000327837900007 ER PT J AU Conn, PB Silber, GK AF Conn, P. B. Silber, G. K. TI Vessel speed restrictions reduce risk of collision-related mortality for North Atlantic right whales SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Bayesian risk analysis; endangered whales; Eubalaena glacialis; right whale; ship strike; speed restrictions; use-availability; whale-vessel collisions ID PROBABILITY; STRIKES; SHIPS AB Collisions with vessels are a serious threat to a number of endangered large whale species, the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) in particular. In late 2008, the U. S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration issued mandatory time-area vessel speed restrictions along the U. S. eastern seaboard in an effort to mediate collision-related mortality of right whales. All vessels 65 feet and greater in length are restricted to speeds of 10 knots or less during seasonally implemented regulatory periods. We modeled mortality risk of North Atlantic right whale when the vessel restrictions were and were not in effect, including (1) estimation of the probability of lethal injury given a ship strike as a function of vessel speed, (2) estimation of the effect of transit speed on the instantaneous rate of ship strikes, and (3) a consideration of total risk reduction. Logistic regression and Bayesian probit analyses indicated a significant positive relationship between ship speed and the probability of a lethal injury. We found that speeds of vessels that struck whales were consistently greater than typical vessel speeds for each vessel type and regulatory period studied; a use-availability model fit to these data provided strong evidence for a linear effect of transit speed on strike rates. Overall, we estimated that vessel speed restrictions reduced total ship strike mortality risk levels by 80-90% with levels that were closer to 90% in the latter two of the four active vessel speed restriction periods studied. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive assessment to date of the utility of vessel speed restrictions in reducing the threat of vessel collisions to large whales. Our findings indicate that vessel speed limits are a powerful tool for reducing anthropogenic mortality risk for North Atlantic right whales. C1 [Conn, P. B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Silber, G. K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Conn, PB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM paul.conn@noaa.gov NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 28 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD APR PY 2013 VL 4 IS 4 AR UNSP 43 DI 10.1890/ES13-00004.1 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256KA UT WOS:000327307800001 ER PT J AU Elfes, CT Livingstone, SR Lane, A Lukosche, V Sanders, KL Courtney, AJ Gatus, JL Guinea, M Lobo, AS Milton, D Rasmussen, AR Read, M White, MD Sanciangco, J Alcala, A Heatwole, H Karns, DR Seminoff, JA Voris, HK Carpenter, KE Murphy, JC AF Elfes, Cristiane T. Livingstone, Suzanne R. Lane, Amanda Lukosche, Vimoksalehi Sanders, Kate L. Courtney, Anthony J. Gatus, Joey L. Guinea, Michael Lobo, Aaron S. Milton, David Rasmussen, Arne R. Read, Mark White, Mahree-Dee Sanciangco, Jonnell Alcala, Angel Heatwole, Harold Karns, Daryl R. Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Voris, Harold K. Carpenter, Kent E. Murphy, John C. TI FASCINATING AND FORGOTTEN: THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF MARINE ELAPID SNAKES SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; coastal; endangered species; fishing bycatch; Hydrophiinae; Hydrophiini; Laticaudini; Red List; sea kraits; sea snake ID CORAL-REEF ECOSYSTEMS; IUCN RED LIST; SEA-SNAKES; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; LATICAUDA-SEMIFASCIATA; PELAMIS-PLATURUS; PRAWN TRAWLERS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NEW-CALEDONIA; FILE SNAKE AB An assessment of marine elapid snakes found 9% of marine elapids are threatened with extinction, and an additional 6% are Near Threatened. A large portion (34%) is Data Deficient. An analysis of distributions revealed the greatest species diversity is found in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. Three of the seven threatened species occur at Ashmore and Hibernia Reefs in the Timor Sea, while the remaining threatened taxa occur in the Philippines, Niue, and Solomon Islands. The majority of Data Deficient species are found in Southeast Asia. Threats to marine snakes include loss of coral reefs and coastal habitat, incidental bycatch in fisheries, as well as fisheries that target snakes for leather. The presence of two Critically Endangered and one Endangered species in the Timor Sea suggests the area is of particular conservation concern. More rigorous, long-term monitoring of populations is needed to evaluate the success of "conservation measures" for marine snake species, provide scientifically based guidance for determining harvest quotas, and to assess the populations of many Data Deficient species. C1 [Elfes, Cristiane T.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Elfes, Cristiane T.] IUCN Global Species Programme Conservat Int, Biodivers Assessment Unit, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Livingstone, Suzanne R.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Ecol & Environm Biol, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Livingstone, Suzanne R.; Carpenter, Kent E.] Old Dominion Univ, IUCN Global Species Programme Global Marine Speci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Lane, Amanda] Univ Sydney, Fac Vet Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Lukosche, Vimoksalehi] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Sanders, Kate L.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. [Courtney, Anthony J.] Ecosci Precinct, Queensland Dept Employment Econ Dev & Innovat, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Gatus, Joey L.] Univ San Carlos, Dept Biol, Cebu 6000, Philippines. [Guinea, Michael] Charles Darwin Univ, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. [Lobo, Aaron S.] Nat Conservat Fdn, Mysore 570002, Karnataka, India. [Milton, David] Ecosci Precinct, CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Rasmussen, Arne R.] Royal Danish Acad Fine Arts, Sch Architecture, DK-1263 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Rasmussen, Arne R.] Royal Danish Acad Fine Arts, Sch Design, DK-1263 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Rasmussen, Arne R.] Royal Danish Acad Fine Arts, Sch Conservat, DK-1263 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Read, Mark] Great Barrier Reef Marine Pk Author, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Sanciangco, Jonnell] Silliman Univ, Angelo King Ctr Res & Environm Management, Dumaguete 6200, Philippines. [Alcala, Angel] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC USA. [Heatwole, Harold] Hanover Coll, Dept Biol, Hanover, IN 47243 USA. [Karns, Daryl R.; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Voris, Harold K.; Murphy, John C.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. RP Murphy, JC (reprint author), Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, 1400 South Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. EM fordonia1@comcast.net RI Courtney, Anthony/C-7867-2009 FU New Hampshire Charitable Foundation; Thomas W. Haas Foundation; Australian Commonwealth Fisheries Research and Development Corporation; Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities; Queensland Department of the Environment and Resource Management (DERM) FX We thank Tom Haas and the New Hampshire Charitable Foundation and the Thomas W. Haas Foundation for their generous support of the IUCN Red List and the Global Marine Species Assessment. Roger McManus, IUCN Species Survival Commission Special Marine Counsel, has provided valuable advice and support for the Global Marine Species Assessment. Additional funding was received from the Australian Commonwealth Fisheries Research and Development Corporation (Crispian Ashby); the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (Emma Fletcher, Narelle Montgomery, Lorraine Hitch, Donna Kwan) and the Queensland Department of the Environment and Resource Management (DERM). We also thank the following for their involvement in the assessment: Dr. Colin Limpus (DERM) and the International Sea Turtle Symposium Committee (ISTS); Jenny Chapman (DERM) and Chloe Schauble (ISTS); Dr. Gordon Guymer (Brisbane Botanical Gardens); Kirstin Dobbs (Great Barrier Reef Marine Parks Authority); Dave Pollard and Brad Warren (OceanWatch Australia); Nigel Marsh, Michael Jensen and Jason Van de Merwe. Special thanks go to Dr. Harold Cogger for his comments on the manuscript. NR 116 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 8 U2 29 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 8 IS 1 BP 37 EP 52 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 256ZJ UT WOS:000327352400004 ER PT J AU Mathiesen, P Brown, JM Kleissl, J AF Mathiesen, Patrick Brown, John M. Kleissl, Jan TI Geostrophic Wind Dependent Probabilistic Irradiance Forecasts for Coastal California SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Numerical weather prediction; probabilistic forecasting; solar energy forecasting; uncertainty characterization ID SOLAR-RADIATION; CLIMATE MODELS; PARAMETERIZATION; ENSEMBLE; FOG; PRECIPITATION; PREDICTION; VALIDATION; CONVECTION; SCHEMES AB Coastal California has enormous potential for rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) energy production. To reduce grid-integration costs, accurate and certain solar energy forecasts are required. However, frequent marine layer fog and stratus conditions limit the accuracy of numerical weather prediction models, especially during the summer. Thus, irradiance uncertainty is large and probabilistic forecast intervals are generally wide. To produce narrow and meaningful forecast intervals, the correlation of uncertainty to local meteorological conditions describing synoptic-scale atmospheric flow was considered. Specifically, the direction and magnitude of geostrophic flow were used as an indicator of coastal cloud cover probability to produce regime-dependent forecast intervals. The method was tested in summer 2011 for coastal California. The forecast interval was smaller than that provided by previous methods for all except clear conditions and contained 80% of irradiance measurements. C1 [Mathiesen, Patrick; Kleissl, Jan] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Brown, John M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Sci Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Mathiesen, P (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM pmathies@ucsd.edu; John.M.Brown@noaa.gov; jkleissl@ucsd.edu RI Brown, John/D-3361-2015 FU California Energy Commission; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA [92093] FX This work was supported by the California Energy Commission. P. Mathiesen and J. Kleissl are with the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA (e-mail: pmathies@ucsd.edu; jkleissl@ucsd.edu). NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1949-3029 J9 IEEE T SUSTAIN ENERG JI IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy PD APR PY 2013 VL 4 IS 2 BP 510 EP 518 DI 10.1109/TSTE.2012.2200704 PG 9 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 231XH UT WOS:000325451200026 ER PT J AU Lin, II Goni, GJ Knaff, JA Forbes, C Ali, MM AF Lin, I. -I. Goni, Gustavo J. Knaff, John A. Forbes, Cristina Ali, M. M. TI Ocean heat content for tropical cyclone intensity forecasting and its impact on storm surge SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Storm surge; Tropical cyclone; Intensity forecast; Heat potential ID PREDICTION SCHEME SHIPS; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; HURRICANE INTENSITY; THERMAL STRUCTURE; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; ATLANTIC; INTENSIFICATION; VALIDATION; ALTIMETRY; TYPHOONS AB Accurate tropical cyclone track and intensity forecasts are vital to storm surge prediction and risk management. However, current cyclone intensity forecast skill is deficient, especially for rapid, unexpected intensification events. These sudden intensification events could be catastrophic if they occur just prior to making landfall in heavily populated and storm surge-vulnerable regions of the world. New satellite altimetry observations have revealed that oceanic subsurface warm features such as eddies and currents could make a critical contribution to the sudden intensification of high-impact cyclones. These warm features are characterized by high ocean heat content or tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP) and can effectively limit a cyclone's self-induced negative feedback from ocean cooling to favor intensification. This manuscript presents recent advancements in the understanding of the ocean's role in generating intense tropical cyclones, that can produce high storm surge events such as Hurricane Katrina (2005) and 'killer' Cyclone Nargis (2008), which produced high storm surge events. Regional characteristics and on-going cyclone intensity forecast and storm-surge modeling efforts are also described. Quantitative assessment based on the case of Hurricane Rita (2005) revealed that an encounter with a high TCHP region can lead to large difference in the subsequent surge and inundation. The results show that, after a high TCHP encounter, there is approximately a 30 % increase in surge and inundation along the coast and new areas become submerged deep inland, as compared to a tropical cyclone that does not encounter a high TCHP region along its storm track. C1 [Lin, I. -I.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Goni, Gustavo J.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Knaff, John A.] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, RAMMB, NESDIS,STAR, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Forbes, Cristina] NOAA, Storm Surge Unit, NWS, NCEP,Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Ali, M. M.] Natl Remote Sensing Ctr, Atmosphere & Ocean Sci Grp, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Lin, II (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. EM iilin@as.ntu.edu.tw; Gustavo.Goni@noaa.gov; Knaff@cira.colostate.edu; Cristina.Forbes@noaa.gov; mmali73@yahoo.com RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; Lin, I-I/J-4695-2013; Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012; OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; Lin, I-I/0000-0002-8364-8106; Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170; , Ali/0000-0002-3821-6099 FU National Science Council, Taiwan [NSC 98-2611-M-002-014-MY3W, NSC 100-2111-M-002-001]; National Taiwan University [10R70803]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Ocean Partnership Program FX I. Lin thanks the support of the National Science Council, Taiwan through NSC 98-2611-M-002-014-MY3W, NSC 100-2111-M-002-001 and National Taiwan University through project number 10R70803. J. Knaff thanks the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Ocean Partnership Program for providing support. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this manuscript are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or US government position, policy, or decision. All the authors thank their respective organizations/departments for the support and encouragement. NR 62 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD APR PY 2013 VL 66 IS 3 BP 1481 EP 1500 DI 10.1007/s11069-012-0214-5 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 135UC UT WOS:000318313000012 ER PT J AU Roberts, JR McKinney, W Kan, H Krajnak, K Frazer, DG Thomas, TA Waugh, S Kenyon, A MacCuspie, RI Hackley, VA Castranova, V AF Roberts, Jenny R. McKinney, Walter Kan, Hong Krajnak, Kristine Frazer, David G. Thomas, Treye A. Waugh, Stacey Kenyon, Allison MacCuspie, Robert I. Hackley, Vincent A. Castranova, Vincent TI Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Responses of Rats to Inhalation of Silver Nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; LUNG-FUNCTION CHANGES; COREXIT EC9500A; DISSOLUTION; EXPOSURE; TOXICITY; INFLAMMATION; MODEL; INCREASES AB Exposure to wet aerosols generated during use of spray products containing silver (Ag) has not been evaluated. The goal was to assess the potential for cardiopulmonary toxicity following an acute inhalation of wet silver colloid. Rats were exposed by inhalation to a low concentration (100 g/m(3) ) using an undiluted commercial antimicrobial product (20 mg/L total silver; approximately 33 nm mean aerodynamic diameter [MAD]) or to a higher concentration (1000 g/m(3)) using a suspension (200 mg/L total silver; approximately 39 nm MAD) synthesized to possess a similar size distribution of Ag nanoparticles for 5 h. Estimated lung burdens from deposition models were 0, 1.4, or 14 g Ag/rat after exposure to control aerosol, low, and high doses, respectively. At 1 and 7 d postexposure, the following parameters were monitored: pulmonary inflammation, lung cell toxicity, alveolar air/blood barrier damage, alveolar macrophage activity, blood cell differentials, responsiveness of tail artery to vasoconstrictor or vasodilatory agents, and heart rate and blood pressure in response to isoproterenol or norepinephrine, respectively. Changes in pulmonary or cardiovascular parameters were absent or nonsignificant at 1 or 7 d postexposure with the exceptions of increased blood monocytes 1 d after high-dose Ag exposure and decreased dilation of tail artery after stimulation, as well as elevated heart rate in response to isoproterenol 1 d after low-dose Ag exposure, possibly due to bioavailable ionic Ag in the commercial product. In summary, short-term inhalation of nano-Ag did not produce apparent marked acute toxicity in this animal model. C1 [Roberts, Jenny R.; McKinney, Walter; Kan, Hong; Krajnak, Kristine; Frazer, David G.; Waugh, Stacey; Kenyon, Allison; Castranova, Vincent] NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Thomas, Treye A.] US Consumer Prod Safety Commiss, Bethesda, MD USA. [MacCuspie, Robert I.; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Roberts, JR (reprint author), NIOSH, HELD, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd M-S 2015, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM jur6@cdc.gov OI MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499 FU U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission [CPSC-I-11-005] FX This project was supported in part by an Interagency Agreement (CPSC-I-11-005) from the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the view of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health or the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 76 IS 11 BP 651 EP 668 DI 10.1080/15287394.2013.792024 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 199WL UT WOS:000323026100002 PM 23941635 ER PT J AU Bianchi, D Stock, C Galbraith, ED Sarmiento, JL AF Bianchi, Daniele Stock, Charles Galbraith, Eric D. Sarmiento, Jorge L. TI Diel vertical migration: Ecological controls and impacts on the biological pump in a one-dimensional ocean model SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE diel vertical migration; ecosystem model; ocean biogeochemistry; zooplankton ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TWILIGHT ZONE; MIGRANT ZOOPLANKTON; EXPORT PRODUCTION; SUBTROPICAL GYRE; ORGANIC-CARBON; PARTICLE-FLUX; STATION ALOHA AB Diel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton and micronekton is widespread in the ocean and forms a fundamental component of the biological pump, but is generally overlooked in global models of the Earth system. We develop a parameterization of DVM in the ocean and integrate it with a size-structured NPZD model. We assess the model's ability to recreate ecosystem and DVM patterns at three well-observed Pacific sites, ALOHA, K2, and EQPAC, and use it to estimate the impact of DVM on marine ecosystems and biogeochemical dynamics. Our model includes the following: (1) a representation of migration dynamics in response to food availability and light intensity; (2) a representation of the digestive and metabolic processes that decouple zooplankton feeding from excretion, egestion, and respiration; and (3) a light-dependent parameterization of visual predation on zooplankton. The model captures the first-order patterns in plankton biomass and productivity across the biomes, including the biomass of migrating organisms. We estimate that realistic migratory populations sustain active fluxes to the mesopelagic zone equivalent to between 15% and 40% of the particle export and contribute up to half of the total respiration within the layers affected by migration. The localized active transport has important consequences for the cycling of oxygen, nutrients, and carbon. We highlight the importance of decoupling zooplankton feeding and respiration and excretion with depth for capturing the impact of migration on the redistribution of carbon and nutrients in the upper ocean. C1 [Bianchi, Daniele; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Stock, Charles] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Bianchi, Daniele; Galbraith, Eric D.] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Bianchi, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM daniele.bianchi@mail.mcgill.ca RI Galbraith, Eric/F-9469-2014; OI Galbraith, Eric/0000-0003-4476-4232; Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013 FU Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER64467]; BP Carbon Mitigation Initiative project at Princeton University FX The authors would like to thank John Dunne for insightful comments on this work. Daniele Bianchi and Eric Galbraith acknowledge funding from the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. Daniele Bianchi was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-FG02-07ER64467 while at Princeton. Jorge Sarmiento was sponsored by BP Carbon Mitigation Initiative project at Princeton University. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 49 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD APR PY 2013 VL 27 IS 2 BP 478 EP 491 DI 10.1002/gbc.20031 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 188ZJ UT WOS:000322236000017 ER PT J AU Ukraintsev, VA Orji, NG Vorburger, TV Dixson, RG Fu, J Silver, RM AF Ukraintsev, Vladimir A. Orji, Ndubuisi G. Vorburger, Theodore V. Dixson, Ronald G. Fu, Joseph Silver, Rick M. TI Distributed force probe bending model of critical dimension atomic force microscopy bias SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Article DE critical dimension atomic force microscopy; reference metrology; accuracy; measurement bias; probe bending; carbon nanotube ID CARBON-NANOTUBE; SCANNING PROBE; CD METROLOGY; AFM AB Critical dimension atomic force microscopy (CD-AFM) is a widely used reference metrology technique. To characterize modern semiconductor devices, small and flexible probes, often 15 to 20 nm in diameter, are used. Recent studies have reported uncontrolled and significant probe-to-probe bias variation during linewidth and sidewall angle measurements. To understand the source of these variations, tip-sample interactions between high aspect ratio features and small flexible probes, and their influence on measurement bias, should be carefully studied. Using theoretical and experimental procedures, one-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) models of cylindrical probe bending relevant to carbon nanotube (CNT) AFM probes were developed and tested. An earlier 1-D bending model was refined, and a new 2-D distributed force (DF) model was developed. Contributions from several factors were considered, including: probe misalignment, CNT tip apex diameter variation, probe bending before snapping, and distributed van der Waals-London force. A method for extracting Hamaker probe-surface interaction energy from experimental probe-bending data was developed. Comparison of the new 2-D model with 1-D single point force (SPF) model revealed a difference of about 28% in probe bending. A simple linear relation between biases predicted by the 1-D SPF and 2-D DF models was found. The results suggest that probe bending can be on the order of several nanometers and can partially explain the observed CD-AFM probe-to-probe variation. New 2-D and three-dimensional CD-AFM data analysis software is needed to take full advantage of the new bias correction modeling capabilities. (C) 2013 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Ukraintsev, Vladimir A.; Orji, Ndubuisi G.; Vorburger, Theodore V.; Dixson, Ronald G.; Fu, Joseph; Silver, Rick M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ukraintsev, Vladimir A.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ukraintsev, Vladimir A.] Nanometrol Int Inc, Allen, TX USA. RP Ukraintsev, VA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ukraintsev@nanometrology.net FU NIST-ARRA program; Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics at the University of Maryland FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support of this research by the NIST-ARRA program and the Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics at the University of Maryland. We also thank Gordie Shaw, Craig Shakarji, and John Villarrubia for valuable discussions and comments. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1932-5150 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD APR-JUN PY 2013 VL 12 IS 2 AR 023009 DI 10.1117/1.JMM.12.2.023009 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 186XC UT WOS:000322078300018 ER PT J AU Rangwala, I Sinsky, E Miller, JR AF Rangwala, Imtiaz Sinsky, Eric Miller, James R. TI Amplified warming projections for high altitude regions of the northern hemisphere mid-latitudes from CMIP5 models SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE high elevation; mountain; Tibetan Plateau; Himalaya; Rocky Mountains; temperature; surface; minimum; maximum; CMIP5; GCM; warming; amplified; mid-latitude ID HIGH-ELEVATION SITES; TIBETAN PLATEAU; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TROPICAL ANDES AB We use output from global climate models available from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) for three different greenhouse gas emission scenarios to investigate whether the projected warming in mountains by the end of the 21st century is significantly different from that in low elevation regions. To remove the effects of latitudinal variation in warming rates, we focus on seasonal changes in the mid-latitude band of the northern hemisphere between 27.5 degrees N and 40 degrees N, where the two major mountain systems are the Tibetan Plateau/Himalayas in Asia and the Rocky Mountains in the United States. Results from the multi-model ensemble indicate that warming rates in mountains will be enhanced relative to non-mountain regions at the same latitude, particularly during the cold season. The strongest correlations of enhanced warming with elevation are obtained for the daily minimum temperature during winter, with the largest increases found for the Tibetan Plateau/Himalayas. The model projections indicate that this occurs, in part, because of proportionally greater increases in downward longwave radiation at higher elevations in response to increases in water vapor. The mechanisms for enhanced increases in winter and spring maximum temperatures in the Rockies appear to be influenced more by increases in surface absorption of solar radiation owing to a reduced snow cover. Furthermore, the amplification of warming with elevation is greater for a higher greenhouse gas emission scenario. C1 [Rangwala, Imtiaz; Sinsky, Eric; Miller, James R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Rangwala, Imtiaz] R PSD NOAA ESRL, Western Water Assessment, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Rangwala, I (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM Imtiaz.Rangwala@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1064326, AGS-1064281] FX We are very grateful to the anonymous reviewers for helping us in substantially improving this paper. Thanks to C Naud (Columbia) for her comments on the manuscript. This research is supported by the National Science Foundation grants: AGS-1064326 and AGS-1064281. We wish to thank KNMI for providing easy access to the CMIP5 data and G Oldenborgh for assistance with the access. We also acknowledge different gateways on the ESG server (particularly NCAR, PCMDI, and BADC) for access to CMIP5 data. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 38 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD APR-JUN PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 AR 024040 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024040 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 178DU UT WOS:000321425100044 ER PT J AU Trouet, V Diaz, HF Wahl, ER Viau, AE Graham, R Graham, N Cook, ER AF Trouet, V. Diaz, H. F. Wahl, E. R. Viau, A. E. Graham, R. Graham, N. Cook, E. R. TI A 1500-year reconstruction of annual mean temperature for temperate North America on decadal-to-multidecadal time scales SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE temperature; tree ring; pollen; North America; medieval climate anomaly; Little Ice Age ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LAST 2 MILLENNIA; PAST 2000 YEARS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; MEDIEVAL TIMES; HEMISPHERE TEMPERATURES; SUMMER TEMPERATURE; PERSISTENT DROUGHT; POLLEN DATA AB We present two reconstructions of annual average temperature over temperate North America: a tree-ring based reconstruction at decadal resolution (1200-1980 CE) and a pollen-based reconstruction at 30 year resolution that extends back to 480 CE. We maximized reconstruction length by using long but low-resolution pollen records and applied a three-tier calibration scheme for this purpose. The tree-ring-based reconstruction was calibrated against instrumental annual average temperatures on annual and decadal scale, it was then reduced to a lower resolution, and was used as a calibration target for the pollen-based reconstruction. Before the late-19th to the early-21st century, there are three prominent low-frequency periods in our extended reconstruction starting at 480 CE, notably the Dark Ages cool period (about 500-700 CE) and Little Ice Age (about 1200-1900 CE), and the warmer medieval climate anomaly (MCA; about 750-1100 CE). The 9th and the 11th century are the warmest centuries and they constitute the core of the MCA in our reconstruction, a period characterized by centennial-scale aridity in the North American West. These two warm peaks are slightly warmer than the baseline period (1904-1980), but nevertheless much cooler than temperate North American temperatures during the early-21st century. C1 [Trouet, V.] Univ Arizona, LTRR, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Diaz, H. F.] NOAA CIRES PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wahl, E. R.] NOAA NCDC Paleoclimatol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Viau, A. E.] Univ Ottawa, LPC, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Graham, R.; Graham, N.] Hydrol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92130 USA. [Cook, E. R.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Tree Ring Lab, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Trouet, V (reprint author), Univ Arizona, LTRR, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM trouet@ltrr.arizona.edu FU US and Swiss National Science Foundations; US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration FX This study was conducted in the framework of the Past Global Changes (PAGES) Programme of the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme (IGBP). Support for PAGES activities is provided by the US and Swiss National Science Foundations and by the US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 71 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 48 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD APR-JUN PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 AR 024008 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024008 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 178DU UT WOS:000321425100012 ER PT J AU Marvel, JA AF Marvel, Jeremy A. TI Performance Metrics of Speed and Separation Monitoring in Shared Workspaces SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Robot safety; collision avoidance; speed and separation monitoring ID HUMAN-ROBOT INTERACTION; SAFETY ASSESSMENT; PENETRATION; AVOIDANCE; POLYGONS; OVERLAP AB A set of metrics is proposed that evaluates speed and separation monitoring efficacy in industrial robot environments in terms of the quantification of safety and the effects on productivity. The collision potential is represented by separation metrics and sensor uncertainty based on perceived noise and bounding region radii. In the event of a bounding region collision between a robot and an obstacle during algorithm evaluation, the severity of the separation failure is reported as a percentage of volume penetration. Note to Practitioners-This work draws upon the necessity of testing and evaluating industrial robotic safety systems. With a plethora of existing collision avoidance methods (and many more currently in the pipeline), there is a clear and present need for an assessment basis to gauge speed and separation efficacy. This paper presents a comparative set of metrics based on separation distance, sensor uncertainty, and robot velocity and mass. Tools are provided for system performance and failure assessment. Applying the metrics directly, intelligent robot systems can recognize unsafe operating conditions and respond accordingly. Postprocess analysis of logs and calculated values identifies the conditions and circumstances for which the safety of the system is at a minimum. C1 NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marvel, JA (reprint author), NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeremy.marvel@nist.gov NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-5955 EI 1558-3783 J9 IEEE T AUTOM SCI ENG JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng. PD APR PY 2013 VL 10 IS 2 BP 405 EP 414 DI 10.1109/TASE.2013.2237904 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 172IF UT WOS:000320994500017 ER PT J AU Koehler, KE Bennett, DA Bond, EM Croce, MP Dry, DE Horansky, RD Kotsubo, V Moody, WA Rabin, MW Schmidt, DR Ullom, JN Vale, LR AF Koehler, K. E. Bennett, D. A. Bond, E. M. Croce, M. P. Dry, D. E. Horansky, R. D. Kotsubo, V. Moody, W. A. Rabin, M. W. Schmidt, D. R. Ullom, J. N. Vale, L. R. TI Q Spectroscopy With Superconducting Sensor Microcalorimeters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications (SORMA) CY MAY 14-17, 2012 CL Oakland, CA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc (NPSS) DE Bolometers; cryogenics; radiation detectors; spectroscopy; superconducting devices ID DETECTORS; ALPHA; SPECTROMETRY; RESOLUTION AB The total reaction energy (Q) of individual nuclear decays was measured using microcalorimeters with transition-edge-sensor (TES) thermometers. For alpha-decaying actinides (e.g., U-235, Pu-239, Np-237, Am-241), Q is in the 4-6 MeV range. Nearly all of this energy goes into the relatively light alpha particle, and approximately 100 keV is left over for the much heavier, recoiling daughter atom. Alpha-particle energy spectroscopy with TES-microcalorimeters has shown the ability to simultaneously resolve peaks that overlap in conventional alpha spectroscopy, with resolution now less than 1 keV full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) at 5.3 MeV. For total reaction energy spectroscopy, we use the same TES design as our alpha detectors, but embed a small radioactive sample (of about 1 Bq) directly inside an absorber designed to capture all the emitted particles (alpha, recoil nucleus, electrons, X-rays) with near 100% efficiency. We have measured Q-spectra of alpha-decaying isotopes with spectral resolution of 2-3 keV FWHM. For some actinide analytical problems, the Q-spectrum is simpler than the alpha-spectrum: fewer peaks, further apart, and easier to quantify. We will discuss sensor design, methods for embedding radionuclides, and spectral data. C1 [Koehler, K. E.; Bond, E. M.; Croce, M. P.; Dry, D. E.; Moody, W. A.; Rabin, M. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bennett, D. A.; Horansky, R. D.; Kotsubo, V.; Schmidt, D. R.; Ullom, J. N.; Vale, L. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Koehler, KE (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM katrina.e.koehler@wmich.edu OI Koehler, Katrina/0000-0003-3258-8526; Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690; Bond, Evelyn/0000-0001-7335-4086 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 60 IS 2 BP 624 EP 629 DI 10.1109/TNS.2012.2225639 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 170MR UT WOS:000320856500025 ER PT J AU Hoover, AS Winkler, R Rabin, MW Vo, DT Ullom, JN Bennett, DA Doriese, WB Fowler, JW Horansky, RD Schmidt, DR Vale, LR Schaffer, K AF Hoover, Andrew S. Winkler, Ryan Rabin, Michael W. Vo, Duc T. Ullom, Joel N. Bennett, Douglas A. Doriese, William B. Fowler, Joseph W. Horansky, Robert D. Schmidt, Dan R. Vale, Leila R. Schaffer, Kathryn TI Determination of Plutonium Isotopic Content by Microcalorimeter Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications (SORMA) CY MAY 14-17, 2012 CL Oakland, CA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc (NPSS) DE Gamma ray detection; spectroscopy; superconducting photodetectors ID X-RAY; ENERGY-RESOLUTION; DETECTORS; SIMULATION; SYSTEM AB Microcalorimeter detectors provide unprecedented energy resolution for gamma-ray spectroscopy. One application is measuring the isotopic composition of plutonium-bearing samples by non-destructive gamma-ray spectroscopy to support nuclear safeguards and nonproliferation efforts. When measured with conventional high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors, data from these samples contain significant peak overlaps requiring spectral deconvolution for analysis. The improved energy resolution of the microcalorimeter detector reduces peak overlaps leading to improvement in the statistical error component of the total measurement uncertainty. In this paper, we describe analysis code that was developed for spectral peak fitting and isotopic content determination from microcalorimeter and HPGe data. We apply the code to data collected from several plutonium standards to quantify the improvement of the statistical error derived from the improved energy resolution. C1 [Hoover, Andrew S.; Winkler, Ryan; Rabin, Michael W.; Vo, Duc T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Ullom, Joel N.; Bennett, Douglas A.; Doriese, William B.; Fowler, Joseph W.; Horansky, Robert D.; Schmidt, Dan R.; Vale, Leila R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schaffer, Kathryn] Art Inst Chicago, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. RP Hoover, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM ahoover@lanl.gov; rwinkler@lanl.gov; rabin@lanl.gov; ducvo@lanl.gov; ullom@boulder.nist.gov; douglas.bennett@nist.gov; doriese@boulder.nist.gov; joe.fowler@nist.gov; horansky@boulder.nist.gov; schmidtd@boulder.nist.gov; leila.vale@nist.gov; kschaf2@artic.edu OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 60 IS 2 BP 681 EP 688 DI 10.1109/TNS.2013.2249091 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 170MR UT WOS:000320856500035 ER PT J AU Hawkes, JP Saunders, R Vashon, AD Cooperman, MS AF Hawkes, James P. Saunders, Rory Vashon, Adam D. Cooperman, Michael S. TI Assessing Efficacy of Non-Lethal Harassment of Double-Crested Cormorants to Improve Atlantic Salmon Smolt Survival SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SALAR L.; ESTUARINE MIGRATION; FORAGING PATTERNS; RIVER; MAINE; WATER; MANAGEMENT; POSTSMOLTS; PREDATION; BEHAVIOR AB Salmo salar (Atlantic Salmon) smolts are exposed to predation pressure as they migrate from freshwater into the estuary and near-shore marine environment. In particular, Phalacrocorax auritus (Double-crested Cormorants) are a predator of Atlantic salmon smolts during their estuary and near-shore migration. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Marine Fisheries Services' (NMFS) telemetry data collected prior to this study (1997-2003), suggest that smolts are being removed from the Narraguagus River on their downstream out-migration. This removal may be the result of Cormorant predation. We investigated whether smolt survival could be improved by disrupting normal Cormorant foraging activity by integrating passive smolt tracking and active harassment techniques. Smolt movement and usage of various portions of the estuary according to light condition and tidal stage were explored along with concurrent avian harassment. Although harassment only occurred in approximately 33% of available daylight hours during this study, the impacts were easily recognized. Non-lethal harassment effectively displaced Cormorants from feeding locations and reduced loss of emigrating smolts. In 2004, 83.3% (15 of 18) of all smolt mortalities occurred on days of non-harassment, compared to only 16.7% (3 of 18) on days when harassment occurred. Similarly in 2005, 87.5% (7 of 8) of all smolt mortalities occurred on days of non-harassment, compared to only 12.5% (1 of 8) on days when harassment occurred. Non-lethal harassment appeared to be an effective means to reduce loss of emigrating smolts in the Narraguagus River estuary. C1 [Hawkes, James P.; Saunders, Rory] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Maine Field Stn, Orono, ME 04473 USA. [Vashon, Adam D.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv Wildlife Serv, USDA, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. [Cooperman, Michael S.] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. RP Hawkes, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Maine Field Stn, 17 Godfrey Dr, Orono, ME 04473 USA. EM James.Hawkes@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 38 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD APR PY 2013 VL 20 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1656/045.020.0101 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 179ZY UT WOS:000321563500001 ER PT J AU Perry, MC Olsen, GH Richards, RA Osenton, PC AF Perry, Matthew C. Olsen, Glenn H. Richards, R. Anne Osenton, Peter C. TI Predation on Dovekies by Goosefish over Deep Water in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID LONG-TAILED DUCKS; LOPHIUS-AMERICANUS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NANTUCKET SHOALS; ANGLERFISH; ECOLOGY AB Fourteen Alle alle (Dovekie) were recovered from the stomachs of 14 Lophius americanus (Goosefish) caught during winter and spring 2007-2010. All fish were caught in gill nets set at depths of 85-151 m (276-491 ft) 104-150 km (65-94 mi) south of Chatham, MA. Dovekies showed few signs of digestion by the fish, indicating recent capture. Post mortem revealed no cause of mortality. Capture of birds by fish so far from shore and in deep water leads to speculation that the birds were preyed on by Goosefish at or near the surface. Evidence from electronic tagging of Goosefish suggests that Goosefish vertical migrations could bring them into contact with Dovekies feeding offshore. If Goosefish are concentrated during onshore-offshore migrations and Dovekies are concentrated for feeding on prey patches, predation by Goosefish on Dovekies could be episodically important. C1 [Perry, Matthew C.; Olsen, Glenn H.; Osenton, Peter C.] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Richards, R. Anne] NOAA, NMFS, NEFSC, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Perry, MC (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM mperry@usgs.gov FU Massachusetts Audubon Society; Mineral Management Services FX Staff of the Cooperative Research Program of the Cape Cod Commercial Hook and Fishermen's Association (North Chatham, MA), especially E. Brazer, Jr., P. Parker, M. Sanderson, and L. Slifka, were very helpful in storing and mailing fish and birds for the project. Northeast Fisheries Science Center staff that assisted included D. Palka and G. Shield. Gillnetters who assisted by providing fish with birds included R. Crowell, D. Fenny, M. Linnell, G. Nickerson, J. Our, K. Tolley, R. Tolley, and D. Vlacich. Massachusetts Audubon Society provided travel funds as part of a project financed by Mineral Management Services. Assistance with Dovekie food habits analyses and post-mortem examinations included C. Bermudez, C. Caldwell, M. Gutierrez, and C. Kilchenstein. William Blount of Nantucket Island gave information about the predatory nature of Goosefish. Technical advice and assistance were provided by T. Allison, A. Berlin, L. Garrett, E. Holmes, L. Jordan, R. Kennedy, S. Perkins, B. Truitt, R. Veit, J. Weske, T. White, and D. Ziolkowski. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 12 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PD APR PY 2013 VL 20 IS 1 BP 148 EP 154 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 179ZY UT WOS:000321563500011 ER PT J AU Stoner, AW Copeman, LA Ottmar, ML AF Stoner, Allan W. Copeman, Louise A. Ottmar, Michele L. TI Molting, growth, and energetics of newly-settled blue king crab: Effects of temperature and comparisons with red king crab SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bioenergetics; Culture; Fatty acid; Growth; Lipid; Paralithodes platypus; Temperature ID PARALITHODES-PLATYPUS BRANDT; MOLECULAR-SPECIES COMPOSITION; FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; BERING-SEA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LIPID-COMPOSITION; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; LITHODES-SANTOLLA; STOCK ENHANCEMENT AB Populations of blue king crab (BKC) (Paralithodes platypus Brandt, 1850) have declined in Alaskan waters over recent decades, and substantial effort is being made to rehabilitate the once important fishery with releases of hatchery-reared juveniles. However, little is known about the species' first year of post-settlement life. This study was conducted to evaluate how temperature mediates growth and energy allocation beginning with the first benthic instar (stage C1). Juvenile BKC were reared in four temperatures (1.5 to 12 degrees C) for a period of 60 days in low-density populations (150 crabs m(-2)) and 120 days in individual cultures. Growth rate increased rapidly up to 8 degrees C, and then leveled off. At 60 days, most of the crabs in 1.5 degrees C remained at stage C1, most in 4.5 degrees C were C2, and most in 8 degrees C were C3, while those in 12 degrees C were highly variable and ranged from C2 to C5. Growth records for individuals revealed an inverse exponential relationship between water temperature and intermolt period (up to 8 degrees C). A small decrease in molt increment at 12 degrees C resulted in crabs 6% smaller than those at 8 degrees C. Total lipid content increased with temperature in C2 BKC, but the response was variable and not significant in later stages. The proportion of storage class lipids (triacylglycerols) increased with an increase in temperature and polar lipids decreased. Concentrations of essential fatty acids were relatively constant over all temperature treatments, indicating that temperature and growth rate did not affect the biochemical condition of juvenile BKC. Survival rates of BKC (>95%) were similar across temperatures and were much higher than rates observed for red king crab (RKC) (Paralithodes camchaticus Tilesius 1815) (65-72%) in identical experiments. Growth rates of the two species were nearly identical up to 8 degrees C, but RKC grew faster than BKC at temperatures greater than 8 degrees C, with more molts resulting in larger individuals. Fatty acid (FA) signatures supported the lipid class data and showed that BKC had higher proportions of FA associated with energy storage while RKC had higher proportions of polyunsaturated FAs associated with membranes. These results indicate that BKC are the hardier species, and it shows little sign of cannibalism in culture (unlike RKC), but RKC grow faster at high temperature and are less vulnerable to warming climate. These data help to model temperature-dependent recruitment processes in the field and assist in the design of diets and hatchery conditions for production of seed stocks intended for field release. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stoner, Allan W.; Ottmar, Michele L.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Copeman, Louise A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Stoner, AW (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2030 S,Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM allan.stoner@gmail.com FU NOAA Aquaculture Program; Alaska Sea Grant College Program FX This study was conducted as part of the AKCRRAB Program (Alaska King Crab Research, Rehabilitation, and Biology) funded in part by the NOAA Aquaculture Program and the Alaska Sea Grant College Program. Crabs were provided by the Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery, Seward, AK, with special thanks to B. Daly and J. Swingle who cultured the larvae for this experiment. Assistance with apparatus and maintenance of the cultures in Newport was provided by S. Haines, P. Iseri, and C. Danley. A. Sremba assisted with the lipid and fatty acid analyses. Thanks also to Drs. B. MacFarlane and S. Sogard for the long-term loan of the Iatroscan TLC-FID system for lipid class analyses. B. Daly and T. Hurst provided helpful reviews for the manuscript. [SS] NR 73 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 442 BP 10 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2013.02.002 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 164QW UT WOS:000320425600002 ER PT J AU Frey, A Dutton, PH Balazs, GH AF Frey, Amy Dutton, Peter H. Balazs, George H. TI Insights on the demography of cryptic nesting by green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the main Hawaiian Islands from genetic relatedness analysis SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chelonia mydas; Founder event; Kinship; Microsatellite; Relatedness; Sea turtles ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; PARENTAGE ANALYSIS; SIBSHIP INFERENCE; MARINE TURTLES; CONSERVATION; RECOVERY; RECONSTRUCTION; MARKERS; ERRORS AB Within the Hawaiian archipelago, green turtle nesting has occurred almost exclusively in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands, mainly at French Frigate Shoals (FFS), however an increase in occasional nesting has recently been observed on the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI). Due to logistical constraints, monitoring the nesting activity on the MHI has been limited to nest documentation. Without systematic tagging of the nesting females it is not clear how many are nesting here. We used mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequencing combined with nuclear (n) DNA analysis based on 14 microsatellite markers to infer the number of individual nesters. Genotypes were determined for 181 dead embryos and hatchlings salvaged from 71 nests laid on Maui, Molokai, Kauai, Lanai, and Oahu, along with those of 81 nesting females that were sampled on FFS. MtDNA results showed that 58% of the MHI clutches were laid by females with a relatively rare haplotype only reported in 16% of the FFS nesting population. Nuclear DNA results showed that nesting in the MHI might be attributed to a relatively small number of females that appear to be related to each other. We were able to reconstruct genotypes for nesting females from hatchling profiles and we estimate that 15 different females were responsible for clutches laid on the MHI. Taken together, the mtDNA and nDNA results suggest that the nesting population at the MHI may be the result of a few founders that originated from the FFS breeding population, possibly facilitated by captive rearing and release of FFS juveniles locally from Oahu. We suggest that this regional range expansion may buffer against the loss of current nesting sites at FFS due to sea level rise. Our results demonstrate the potential for genetic tools to be incorporated into population assessment, particularly in areas where access to reproductive females is difficult and population size is unknown. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Frey, Amy; Dutton, Peter H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Frey, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Amy.Frey@noaa.gov FU NOAA-National Marine Fisheries Service FX Thanks to the Molokai Turtle Trackers, Nature Conservancy community volunteers who monitored nesting tracks and nests. Samples from the Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge were overseen by the USFWS, Department of the Interior. We'd like to thank Stacy Hargrove, Kelly Stewart, Erin LaCasella, Amy Jue, Gabriela Serra-Valente, Amanda Bowman, Michael Jensen, Suzanne Roden, Brad McDonald and Robin LeRoux for their help at the lab and with the data. This study was funded by NOAA-National Marine Fisheries Service. [RH] NR 38 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 442 BP 80 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2013.01.030 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 164QW UT WOS:000320425600010 ER PT J AU Hockersmith, EE Brooks, G Dumdei, ND Achord, S AF Hockersmith, Eric E. Brooks, Gabriel Dumdei, Nathan D. Achord, Stephen TI A Lightweight Battery for Backpack Electrofishing SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB A lithium ion battery was modified to replace the conventional sealed lead acid battery used to operate a backpack electrofishing unit. Specifications and performance of the lithium ion battery were compared with those of a lead acid battery of similar capacity. The lithium ion battery was 76% lighter in weight than the lead acid battery, reducing the overall weight of a Smith-Root model 12 backpack electrofishing unit and battery by 55%. Including the cost of a charger and parts to make the battery compatible with an electroshocking unit, the lithium ion battery and charger cost was 26% less than that of the lead acid battery and charger. Bench tests indicated the lithium ion battery provided 91% and 98% of the operating time of the lead acid battery per charge when the settings were 300V at 90Hz and 500V at 90Hz, respectively. The fuel gauge (battery discharge indicator) on the lithium ion battery, which was absent in the lead acid battery, provided the ability for a user to assess the remaining charge level while in the field. The lithium ion battery provided similar performance with a significant reduction in weight and cost compared with a conventional lead acid battery for backpack electrofishing. The lighter weight of the backpack electrofishing unit using the lithium ion battery can reduce fatigue and the risk of fatigue-related injuries to field crews. C1 [Hockersmith, Eric E.] US Army Corp Engineers, Northwestern Div, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. [Brooks, Gabriel; Dumdei, Nathan D.; Achord, Stephen] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Hockersmith, EE (reprint author), US Army Corp Engineers, Northwestern Div, 201 North 3rd, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. EM eric.e.hockersmith@usace.army.mil FU U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), Portland, Oregon [004981] FX This work was funded in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), Portland, Oregon (contract 004981). We thank the following for their assistance in conducting this study: Deborah Docherty from BPA, and Gordon Axel, Shane Collier, John Ferguson, Bruce Jonasson, Jesse Lamb, Kenneth McIntyre, Jeff Moser, Richard Nelson, Matthew Nesbit, Neil Paasch, Sam Rambo, and Louis Tullos from the National Marine Fisheries Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 2 BP 265 EP 268 DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.765526 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 167PD UT WOS:000320643000004 ER PT J AU TenBrink, TT Spencer, PD AF TenBrink, Todd T. Spencer, Paul D. TI Reproductive Biology of Pacific Ocean Perch and Northern Rockfish in the Aleutian Islands SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID DARKBLOTCHED ROCKFISH; SEBASTES-ALUTUS; CENTRAL GULF; FISHES; ALASKA; MANAGEMENT; AGE; EXPLOITATION; PATTERNS; MATURITY AB Estimates of maturity (i.e., the proportion of mature individuals at age) play an important role in assessing stock productivity; however, this information has not been published for rockfishes in the Aleutian Islands. Ovary and otolith samples were collected from Pacific Ocean Perch Sebastes alutus and Northern Rockfish S. polyspinis during both fishery-independent and fishery-dependent cruises in 2010 to investigate maturity and other aspects of reproductive biology. Histological examination of ovaries indicated that both species exhibited general parturition in April, while specimens caught in the summer and fall were maturing and generally exhibited progressive stages of vitellogenesis. Histological analysis was more reliable when characterizing ovary condition than were macroscopic or visual assessments during the developing period. Estimates of natural mortality, based on a relationship with the gonadosomatic index, were 0.040 for Pacific Ocean Perch and 0.042 for Northern Rockfish. Mean fecundity estimates calculated for Northern Rockfish (89,320 oocytes) were correlated more with length and weight than age. Estimates of age and length at 50% maturity were 9.1years at 32.4cm for Pacific Ocean Perch and 7.6years at 27.7cm for Northern Rockfish and indicate maturation at younger ages than do previous studies from the Gulf of Alaska. This information on reproductive biology will improve estimation of fishing mortality reference points and management of these commercially important species in the Aleutian Islands. C1 [TenBrink, Todd T.; Spencer, Paul D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP TenBrink, TT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM todd.tenbrink@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [907] FX We thank Phil Gunsolus of U.S. Seafoods (FV Seafreeze Alaska) and Todd Loomis, Phil Dang, and Tim Meintz of Cascade Fishing Company (FV Seafisher). We also thank the captains and crew of these vessels for their cooperation and assistance in the field. Ivonne Ortiz and Chris Gburski assisted with sample collection during the 2010 Aleutian Islands research survey. Christina Conrath, Cara Rodgveller, and three anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved this manuscript. Histology Consultation Services, Inc. (Everson, Washington) provided services for final histological processing of our samples. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This study was primarily funded by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB project 907). NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 2 BP 373 EP 383 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.760505 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 167PD UT WOS:000320643000016 ER PT J AU Maselko, J Bishop, G Murphy, P AF Maselko, Jacek Bishop, Gretchen Murphy, Peter TI Ghost Fishing in the Southeast Alaska Commercial Dungeness Crab Fishery SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CANCER-MAGISTER; TRAP; ESTUARY; POTS AB Entrapment of crabs by derelict crab pots (also known as ghost fishing) can be a significant consequence of commercial fishing. The prevalence of lost commercial pots and ghost-fishing entrapments was estimated for the commercial Dungeness crab Cancer magister fishery in southeastern Alaska during the 2009 and 2010 summer closures of the commercial season (16 August through 30 September). Teams of divers retrieved a random subsample of the derelict crab pots located using side-scan sonar. Altogether, we retrieved 123 derelict crab pots containing 215 entrapped Dungeness crabs. The densities of derelict crab pots varied from 1.5 to 10.1/km(2), while the densities of entrapped Dungeness crabs ranged from 0 to 54.5/km(2), depending on the area surveyed. Derelict crab pots were discovered to effectively ghost-fish for at least 7years, indicating that there are long-term cumulative impacts on Dungeness crab populations. The number of derelict crab pots and entrapped Dungeness crabs at each of the surveyed areas was highly correlated with the number of fishermen, the number of pot lifts, and annual harvest in numbers, allowing for extrapolation to a regionwide estimate of crab entrapment and derelict crab pot abundance. Overall, our findings show instantaneous entrapment of less than 1% of the commercial crab harvest with a cumulative annual loss of less than 3% of the regional commercial crab harvest. We challenge the efficacy of the biodegradable escape mechanism currently employed in commercial Dungeness crab pots in southeastern Alaska and present alternatives which may require further in situ or laboratory verification of their effectiveness. C1 [Maselko, Jacek] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Bishop, Gretchen] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99811 USA. [Murphy, Peter] NOAA, Marine Debris Program, Off Response & Restorat, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Maselko, J (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM jacek.maselko@noaa.gov FU NOAA Marine Debris Division FX This study was funded by the NOAA Marine Debris Division. Special thanks to Eric Brown, Andrew Eller, and Haley Poole for help with field work and data processing and to the divers: Manuel Cruz, Peter Fischel, David Francksen, Bill Heard, Justin Keese, Pat Malecha, Jennifer Mondragon, Matthew Nardi, Kalei Shotwell, Elizabeth Siddon, Bob Stone, Ryan Wattam, Brad Weinlaeder, and Alex Wertheimer. We also thank the reviewers for their invaluable contribution. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 2 BP 422 EP 431 DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.763875 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 167PD UT WOS:000320643000020 ER PT J AU Charnotskii, M AF Charnotskii, Mikhail TI Energy conservation: a third constraint on the turbulent point spread function SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE turbulence; imaging; scintillation; point spread function; isoplanatism; phase screen; energy conservation ID WAVE-PROPAGATION; MEDIA AB Energy conservation is an essential feature of optical waves propagating through refractive turbulence. It has been known for almost a quarter of a century that energy conservation has an important implication for the fluctuations in the images of the incoherent objects observed through turbulence, namely the image of the uniformly radiating area of an object does not scintillate. As a consequence, the low-contrast parts of an image exhibit weak fluctuation even for very strong turbulence, but scintillations near the sharp edges can be strong even for weak turbulence. The energy conservation property of the turbulent point spread function is essential for modeling turbulent image distortions, both for the development of the image processing techniques and for simulations of turbulent imaging. However, it is regularly overlooked in discussions of turbulent imaging theory and modeling in the current literature. We discuss the relations between energy conservation and anisoplanatism for the most common turbulence imaging models. Our analysis reveals that the only isoplanatic turbulent point spread function (PSF) that is compliant with energy conservation is the thin aperture plane phase screen. This implies that for near-the-ground imaging, and even for astronomical-type imaging under strong turbulence conditions, the turbulent PSF has to be modeled as a random function of four arguments with three functional constraints: non-negative values, finite bandwidth, and energy conservation. (C) 2013 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Charnotskii, Mikhail] Zel Technol LLC, Boulder, CO USA. [Charnotskii, Mikhail] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Charnotskii, M (reprint author), Zel Technol LLC, 325 Broadway R-PSD 99, Boulder, CO USA. EM Mikhail.charnotskii@noaa.gov RI Charnotskii, Mikhail/A-7193-2013 OI Charnotskii, Mikhail/0000-0002-8315-8254 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD APR PY 2013 VL 52 IS 4 AR 046001 DI 10.1117/1.OE.52.4.046001 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 151DB UT WOS:000319439700048 ER PT J AU Vollebregt, S Chiaramonti, AN van der Cingel, J Beenakker, K Ishihara, R AF Vollebregt, Sten Chiaramonti, Ann N. van der Cingel, Johan Beenakker, Kees Ishihara, Ryoichi TI Towards the Integration of Carbon Nanotubes as Vias in Monolithic Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuits SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERCONNECTS AB Carbon nanotubes (CNT) can be an attractive candidate for vertical interconnects (vias) in three-dimensional integrated circuits due to their excellent thermal and electrical properties. To investigate the electrical resistivity of CNT, test vias were fabricated using both a top-down and bottom-up approach. The measured resistivity for the top-down process of 10m Omega cm is among the better values found in literature. Beside this, the ability to grow CNT directly on single-grain thin-film transistors (SG-TFT) was demonstrated. The electrical performance of the SG-TFT was found not to be influenced by the CNT growth. (C) 2013 The Japan Society of Applied Physics C1 [Vollebregt, Sten; van der Cingel, Johan; Beenakker, Kees; Ishihara, Ryoichi] Delft Univ Technol, Delft Inst Microsyst & Nanoelect, NL-2628 CT Delft, Netherlands. [Chiaramonti, Ann N.] NIST, Mat Reliabil Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Vollebregt, S (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Delft Inst Microsyst & Nanoelect, NL-2628 CT Delft, Netherlands. EM s.vollebregt@tudelft.nl RI Chiaramonti, Ann/E-7459-2013; Vollebregt, Sten/P-3073-2014 OI Chiaramonti, Ann/0000-0001-9933-3267; Vollebregt, Sten/0000-0001-6012-6180 FU Public Authority in France; Public Authority in Germany; Public Authority in Hungary; Public Authority in The Netherlands; Public Authority in Norway; Public Authority in Sweden; ENIAC FX The authors would like to thank the Dimes Technology Staff for processing support, and T. M. Michielsen, F. J. H. van der Kruis, and O. J. A. Buijk at Philips Innovation Services MiPlaza for performing the CMP. A part of the work has been performed in the project JEMSiP_3D, which is funded by the Public Authorities in France, Germany, Hungary, The Netherlands, Norway and Sweden, as well as by the ENIAC Joint Undertaking. Partial contribution of NIST, an agency of the US government; not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0021-4922 EI 1347-4065 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. PD APR PY 2013 VL 52 IS 4 SI SI AR UNSP 04CB02 DI 10.7567/JJAP.52.04CB02 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 158VS UT WOS:000320002400010 ER PT J AU Schmidtko, S Johnson, GC Lyman, JM AF Schmidtko, Sunke Johnson, Gregory C. Lyman, John M. TI MIMOC: A global monthly isopycnal upper-ocean climatology with mixed layers SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE climatology; global; temperature; salinity; mapping; objective mapping ID PROFILING FLOATS; WATER MASSES; MODE WATER; PACIFIC; ARGO; ATLANTIC; PROGRAM; STATE; FLOW; ICE AB A monthly, isopycnal/mixed-layer ocean climatology (MIMOC), global from 0 to 1950dbar, is compared with other monthly ocean climatologies. All available quality-controlled profiles of temperature (T) and salinity (S) versus pressure (P) collected by conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) instruments from the Argo Program, Ice-Tethered Profilers, and archived in the World Ocean Database are used. MIMOC provides maps of mixed layer properties (conservative temperature, , absolute salinity, SA, and maximum P) as well as maps of interior ocean properties (, SA, and P) to 1950dbar on isopycnal surfaces. A third product merges the two onto a pressure grid spanning the upper 1950dbar, adding more familiar potential temperature () and practical salinity (S) maps. All maps are at monthly 0.5 degrees x0.5 degrees resolution, spanning from 80 degrees S to 90 degrees N. Objective mapping routines used and described here incorporate an isobath-following component using a Fast Marching algorithm, as well as front-sharpening components in both the mixed layer and on interior isopycnals. Recent data are emphasized in the mapping. The goal is to compute a climatology that looks as much as possible like synoptic surveys sampled circa 2007-2011 during all phases of the seasonal cycle, minimizing transient eddy and wave signatures. MIMOC preserves a surface mixed layer, minimizes both diapycnal and isopycnal smoothing of -S, as well as preserves density structure in the vertical (pycnoclines and pycnostads) and the horizontal (fronts and their associated currents). It is statically stable and resolves water mass features, fronts, and currents with a high level of detail and fidelity. C1 [Schmidtko, Sunke; Johnson, Gregory C.; Lyman, John M.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Schmidtko, Sunke] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Lyman, John M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Schmidtko, S (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM s.schmidtko@uea.ac.uk RI Schmidtko, Sunke/F-3355-2011; Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Schmidtko, Sunke/0000-0003-3272-7055; Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 FU Research and Specialist Computing Support service at the University of East Anglia; NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA Research FX We thank all those who participated in the collection, calibration, and assembly of the shipboard (http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/WOD09/pr_wod09.html), Argo, and ITP CTD data used here. The Ice-Tethered Profiler data were collected and made available by the Ice-Tethered Profiler Program based at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (http://www.whoi.edu/itp). Argo float profile data were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Project and the national programs that contribute to it (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu). We thank Ruth Curry and four anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on drafts of the manuscript. The research presented in this paper was carried out on the High Performance Computing Cluster supported by the Research and Specialist Computing Support service at the University of East Anglia. The NOAA Climate Program Office and NOAA Research supported this work. PMEL contribution 3805. Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory contribution 3805. NR 47 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 4 BP 1658 EP 1672 DI 10.1002/jgrc.20122 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 163GN UT WOS:000320324100003 ER PT J AU Janout, MA Weingartner, TJ Stabeno, PJ AF Janout, Markus A. Weingartner, Thomas J. Stabeno, Phyllis J. TI Air-sea and oceanic heat flux contributions to the heat budget of the northern Gulf of Alaska shelf SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Gulf of Alaska; Seward Line; Alaska Coastal Current; ocean heat flux convergence; heat budget ID OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; PRINCE-WILLIAM SOUND; BERING-SEA; COASTAL CURRENT; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; SHELIKOF STRAIT; COOK INLET; TRANSPORT AB We constructed annual cycles of National Centers for Environmental Prediction air-sea fluxes and temporal oceanic heat content change from Seward Line hydrographic surveys to quantify the different contributions to the oceanic heat budget within the Alaska Coastal Current (ACC) on the northern Gulf of Alaska shelf. The deficit between air-sea fluxes and the temporal change in oceanic heat content throughout the cooling season (October-April) varies from similar to 40 to 110Wm-2 and is balanced by ocean heat flux convergence. Cross-shelf heat flux convergence is insignificant on annual average, and the nearshore heat budget is likely entirely balanced by the ACC, which resupplies similar to 15%-50% of the heat removed by air-sea fluxes during the cooling season. Furthermore, we estimated spatial heat flux gradients and conclude that air-sea fluxes increase from east to west and from offshore to onshore. The cross-shore gradients are governed by wind speed gradients, likely due to ageostrophic nearshore wind events during the cooling season, while the along-shelf heat flux gradients are governed by the occurrence of low-pressure systems in the northern GOA that result in cold northerly winds over the northwestern GOA. These results underline the ACC's role as the dominant oceanic heat source to the northern GOA shelf and further imply an increased cooling rate of the ACC west of the Seward Line. Furthermore, our analysis showed that nearshore regions, particularly waters in the ACC, are subjected to stronger winter cooling than the middle and outer shelves. C1 [Janout, Markus A.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Janout, Markus A.; Weingartner, Thomas J.] Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Janout, MA (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. EM Markus.Janout@awi.de FU NPRB [520, 603, 708, 804]; NASA; Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustees Council FX Hydrographic sampling along the Seward Line from 1998 to 2004 was carried out as part of NEP-GLOBEC and since 2005 under support of the NPRB (Projects 520, 603, 708, and 804). NCEP Reanalysis data were provided by the NOAA-CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center, Boulder, CO, USA, from their Web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/. QuikSCAT data are produced by Remote Sensing Systems and sponsored by the NASA Ocean Vector Winds Science Team. Data are available at http://www.remss.com. Buoy data were downloaded from the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) website at http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/ and from the Alaska Ocean Observing System at http://www.aoos.org/. The SODA data were obtained from http://www.atmos.umd.edu/similar to ocean/data.html. Hydrographic sampling at GAK 1, the GAK 1 mooring, and support for TW are provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustees Council. We thank Dave Kachel for providing the mooring data and Seth Danielson for help with NARR data. We greatly appreciate the comments from two anonymous reviewers, which significantly improved the manuscript. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 4 BP 1807 EP 1820 DI 10.1002/jgrc.20095 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 163GN UT WOS:000320324100012 ER PT J AU Sullan, RMA Churnside, AB Nguyen, DM Bull, MS Perkins, TT AF Sullan, Ruby May A. Churnside, Allison B. Nguyen, Duc M. Bull, Matthew S. Perkins, Thomas T. TI Atomic force microscopy with sub-picoNewton force stability for biological applications SO METHODS LA English DT Article DE Atomic force microscopy; Scanning probe microscopy; Single molecule force spectroscopy; Drift; Overstretching DNA; Cantilever; Imaging ID SINGLE CALMODULIN MOLECULES; COVALENT IMMOBILIZATION; UNFOLDING PATHWAYS; CLICK CHEMISTRY; DNA-MOLECULES; PROTEIN; SPECTROSCOPY; AFM; BACTERIORHODOPSIN; CANTILEVERS AB Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is widely used in the biological sciences. Despite 25 years of technical developments, two popular modes of bioAFM, imaging and single molecule force spectroscopy, remain hindered by relatively poor force precision and stability. Recently, we achieved both sub-pN force precision and stability under biologically useful conditions (in liquid at room temperature). Importantly, this sub-pN level of performance is routinely accessible using a commercial cantilever on a commercial instrument. The two critical results are that (i) force precision and stability were limited by the gold coating on the cantilevers, and (ii) smaller yet stiffer cantilevers did not lead to better force precision on time scales longer than 25 ms. These new findings complement our previous work that addressed tip-sample stability. In this review, we detail the methods needed to achieve this sub-pN force stability and demonstrate improvements in force spectroscopy and imaging when using uncoated cantilevers. With this improved cantilever performance, the widespread use of nonspecific biomolecular attachments becomes a limiting factor in high-precision studies. Thus, we conclude by briefly reviewing site-specific covalent-immobilization protocols for linking a biomolecule to the substrate and to the AFM tip. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Sullan, Ruby May A.; Churnside, Allison B.; Nguyen, Duc M.; Bull, Matthew S.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Churnside, Allison B.; Bull, Matthew S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nguyen, Duc M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Perkins, TT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tperkins@jila.colorado.edu RI Sullan, Ruby /L-7511-2016; OI Perkins, Thomas/0000-0003-4826-9490 FU NIH Molecular Biophysics Training Scholarship (ABC) [T32 GM-065103]; National Science Foundation [DBI-0923544, Phys-1125844]; NIST FX The authors thank Violet Roskens for preparing the DNA and BR samples used in the stretching and imaging experiment, respectively; Linda Randall for providing the halobacterium and protocols for preparing the BR samples; Jason Cleveland and Deron Walters for fruitful discussions; Brad Baxley for illustrating Fig. 10B; and Michael Johnson for sharing his Allan variance code. This work was supported by an NIH Molecular Biophysics Training Scholarship (ABC, T32 GM-065103), the National Science Foundation [DBI-0923544, Phys-1125844], and NIST. Mention of commercial products is for information only; it does not imply NIST's recommendation or endorsement. UP is a staff member of NIST's Quantum Physics Division. NR 67 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 63 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-2023 J9 METHODS JI Methods PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 60 IS 2 BP 131 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.03.029 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 162WW UT WOS:000320297700004 PM 23562681 ER PT J AU Kacimi, S Viltard, N Kirstetter, PE AF Kacimi, Sahra Viltard, Nicolas Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel TI A new methodology for rain identification from passive microwave data in the Tropics using neural networks SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE passive microwave; neural networks; Probability of Detection; bias; Bayesian inversion; rainfall estimation ID PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS; PROFILING ALGORITHM; TRMM; SENSORS; CLOUDS; RADAR; WATER; LAND AB The detection of rainfall remains a challenge for the monitoring of precipitation from space. A methodology is presented to identify rain events from spaceborne passive microwave data using neural networks. We focus on BRAIN, the algorithm that provides instantaneous quantitative precipitation estimates at the surface, based on the MADRAS radiometer onboard the Megha-Tropiques satellite. A version of BRAIN using data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) has been used to compare several multilayer perceptrons (MLP) trained on different combinations of TMI brightness temperatures with the conventional GSCAT-2 algorithm approach used for rainfall detection. These classifiers were compared at a global scale to reference values from the TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR). They were also compared to ground measurements using two 1 degrees x 1 degrees dense rain-gauge networks from different climatic zones in West Africa to assess the inFLuence of rainfall types. At the global scale the MLPs provide better Probability of Detection than the GSCAT-2 decision tree but tend to have a higher False Alarm Rate. While no unique solution exists given the strong regional dependence of the classifiers' performances, the screen based on the 19, 21 and 85 GHz channels provides the best detection results at the instantaneous scales. As to accumulated rainfall, the screen that exhibits the lower bias relative to the PR makes use of the 37 and 85 GHz channels. The evaluation over West Africa using 10 years of TRMM overpasses shows that MLPs are in better agreement with both the PR and the gauges than GSCAT-2. The MLP trained on the 37 and 85 GHz channels increases the Probability of Detection by nearly 35% compared to the former screening over the two studied regions. Better results are obtained in the case of organized systems. Copyright (c) 2013 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Kacimi, Sahra] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Viltard, Nicolas] Univ Versailles, CNRS INSU, LATMOS IPSL, Guyancourt, France. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Kacimi, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 300-243, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM sahra.kacimi@jpl.nasa.gov RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015 OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2013 VL 139 IS 673 SI SI BP 912 EP 922 DI 10.1002/qj.2114 PN B PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 164FG UT WOS:000320393800007 ER PT J AU Assumpcao, T Ma, DY Schwarz, A Reiter, K Santana, JM Andersen, JF Ribeiro, JMC Nardone, G Yu, LL Francischetti, IMB AF Assumpcao, Teresa Ma, Dongying Schwarz, Alexandra Reiter, Karine Santana, Jaime M. Andersen, John F. Ribeiro, Jose M. C. Nardone, Glenn Yu, Lee L. Francischetti, Ivo M. B. TI Salivary antigen-5/CAP family members are Cu2+-dependent antioxidant enzymes which negatively modulate platelet function SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Annual Meeting of the ASPET/BPS at Experimental Biology (EB) CY APR 20-24, 2013 CL Boston, MA SP ASPET, British Pharmacol Soc (BPS) C1 [Assumpcao, Teresa; Ma, Dongying; Andersen, John F.; Ribeiro, Jose M. C.; Francischetti, Ivo M. B.] NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Schwarz, Alexandra] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Parasitol, Ctr Biol, Lab Genom & Prote Dis Vectors, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. [Reiter, Karine] NIAID, Malaria Vaccine Dev Branch, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. [Nardone, Glenn] NIAID, Res Technol Branch, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. [Santana, Jaime M.] Univ Brasilia, Pathogen Host Interface Lab, Dept Cell Biol, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Yu, Lee L.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI ma, dongying/D-8623-2012; Ribeiro, Jose/J-7011-2015; Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015 OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2013 VL 27 MA lb173 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 156YK UT WOS:000319860505593 ER PT J AU Carmel, R Parker, J Kelman, Z AF Carmel, Ralph Parker, James Kelman, Zvi TI Transcobalamin I (TC I) deficiency, a common cause of falsely low serum cobalamin (Cbl), is usually genetic, and plasma corrinoid analogs are decreased: is "withholding" Cbl and its analogs from human cells and the microbiome the chief biological role for TC I? SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Annual Meeting of the ASPET/BPS at Experimental Biology (EB) CY APR 20-24, 2013 CL Boston, MA SP ASPET, British Pharmacol Soc (BPS) C1 [Carmel, Ralph] New York Methodist Hosp, Brooklyn, NY USA. [Carmel, Ralph] Weill Cornell Med Coll, New York, NY USA. [Parker, James] NY Methodist Hosp, Brooklyn, NY USA. [Kelman, Zvi] NIST, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2013 VL 27 MA 246.8 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157GG UT WOS:000319883505145 ER PT J AU Ranzani, L Cullens, ED Kuester, D Vanhille, KJ Grossman, E Popovic, Z AF Ranzani, Leonardo Cullens, Evan D. Kuester, Daniel Vanhille, Kenneth J. Grossman, Erich Popovic, Zoya TI W-Band Micro-Fabricated Coaxially-Fed Frequency Scanned Slot Arrays SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Antenna arrays; beam steering; millimeter wave radar ID PHASED-ARRAY; WAVE-GUIDE AB In this communication we describe a frequency scanning slot array in mu coaxial technology operating from 87-102 GHz. The array achieves a 30 degrees scanning angle over a 15 GHz bandwidth. The device is fabricated using the PolyStrata sequential copper deposition process, which guarantees low loss and small size. A double-array prototype, with a gain of 14 dB at 94 GHz, is fabricated and tested. C1 [Ranzani, Leonardo; Kuester, Daniel; Popovic, Zoya] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cullens, Evan D.] Agilent Technol, Santa Rosa, CA 95403 USA. [Vanhille, Kenneth J.] Nuvotronics LLC, Radford, VA 24141 USA. [Grossman, Erich] NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Ranzani, L (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM leonardo.ranzani@colorado.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX10CA77C] FX This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under contract NNX10CA77C. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD APR PY 2013 VL 61 IS 4 BP 2324 EP 2328 DI 10.1109/TAP.2012.2232637 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 156OB UT WOS:000319830800056 ER PT J AU Wells, RJD Smith, SE Kohin, S Freund, E Spear, N Ramon, DA AF Wells, R. J. David Smith, Susan E. Kohin, Suzanne Freund, Ellen Spear, Natalie Ramon, Darlene A. TI Age validation of juvenile Shortfin Mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) tagged and marked with oxytetracycline off southern California SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NEW-ZEALAND WATERS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; TRIAKIS-SEMIFASCIATA; STATISTICAL-METHOD; GROWTH-PARAMETERS; FREQUENCY DATA; LEOPARD SHARK; LIFE-HISTORY AB The purpose of this study was to validate aging results of juvenile Shortfin Mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) by vertebral band counts. Vertebrae of 29 juvenile Shortfin Mako marked with oxytetracycline (OTC) were obtained from tag-recapture activities to determine centrum growth-band deposition. Tagging occurred off southern California from 1996 to 2010, and time at liberty of the 29 sharks ranged from 4 months to 4.4 years (mean=1.3 years). Growth information also was obtained from length-frequency modal analyses (MULTIFAN and MIXDIST) by using a 29-year data set of commercial and research catch data, in addition to a tag-recapture growth model (e.g, the GROTAG model). For vertebrae samples used for age validation, shark size at time of release ranged from 79 to 142 cm fork length (FL) and from 98 to 200 cm FL at recapture. Results from band counts of vertebrae distal to OTC marks indicate 2 band pairs (2 translucent and 2 opaque) are formed each year for Shortfin Mako of the size range examined. Length-frequency analyses identified 3 age-class modes. Growth rate estimates from 26.5 to 35.5 cm/year were calculated for the first age-class mode (85 cm FL) and from 22.4 to 28.6 cm/year for the second age-class mode (130 cm FL). Results from the tag-recapture growth model revealed fast growth during time at liberty for tagged fish of the 2 youngest age classes. Collectively, these methods suggest rapid growth of juvenile Shortfin Mako in the southern California study area and indicate biannual deposition of growth bands in vertebrae for the first 5 years. C1 [Wells, R. J. David; Smith, Susan E.; Kohin, Suzanne; Freund, Ellen; Spear, Natalie; Ramon, Darlene A.] NOAA, Fisheries Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Wells, R. J. David] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. RP Wells, RJD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, 1001 Texas Clipper Rd, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. EM wellsr@tamug.edu NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 23 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2013 VL 111 IS 2 BP 147 EP 160 DI 10.7755/FB.111.2.3 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 149HQ UT WOS:000319310000003 ER PT J AU McBride, RS Vidal, TE Cadrin, SX AF McBride, Richard S. Vidal, Tiffany E. Cadrin, Steven X. TI Changes in size and age at maturity of the northern stock of Tilefish (Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps) after a period of overfishing SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; SOUTH-ATLANTIC BIGHT; MID-ATLANTIC; SEXUAL-MATURITY; UNITED-STATES; GADUS-MORHUA; REEF FISH; FISHERIES; LENGTH; GROWTH AB The modern fishery for Tilefish (Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps) developed during the 1970s, offshore of southern New England, in the western North Atlantic Ocean. The population quickly became over exploited, with documented declines in catch rates and changes in demographic traits. In an earlier study, median size at maturity (L-50) of males declined from 62.6 to 38.6 cm fork length (FL) and median age at maturity (A(50)) of males declined from 7.1 to 4.6 years between 1978 and 1982. As part of a cooperative research effort to improve the data-limited Tilefish assessment, we updated maturity parameter estimates through the use of an otolith aging method and macroscopic and microscopic evaluations of gonads. The vital rates for this species have continued to change, particularly for males. By 2008, male L-50 and A(50) had largely rebounded, to 54.1 cm FL and 5.9 years. Changes in female reproductive schedules were less variable among years, but the smallest L-50 and youngest A(50) were recorded in 2008. Tilefish are dimorphic, where the largest fish are male, and male spawning success is postulated to be socially mediated. These traits may explain the initial rapid decline and the subsequent rebound in male L-50 and A(50) and less dramatic effects on females. Other factors that likely contribute to the dynamics of maturity parameter estimates are the relatively short period of overfishing and the amount of time since efforts to rebuild this fishery began, as measured in numbers of generations. This study also confirms the gonochoristic sexual pattern of the northern stock, and it reveals evidence of age truncation and relatively high proportions of immature Tilefish in the recent catch. C1 [McBride, Richard S.; Vidal, Tiffany E.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Vidal, Tiffany E.; Cadrin, Steven X.] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. RP McBride, RS (reprint author), NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM richard.mcbride@noaa.gov RI McBride, Richard/C-2818-2012 FU NOAA Fisheries Cooperative Marine Education and Research program; University of Massachusetts; NEFSC Cooperative Research Program; Massachusetts Fisheries Institute FX The fishermen and vessel owners of the FV Sea Capture and the FV Kimberly were cooperating partners, together with the assistance of the Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC) Study Fleet program: J. Hoey, M. Palmer, J. Moser, K. Anderson, M. Ball, and I. Conboy. J. Burnett, J. Brenton, S. Correia, B. Jackson, P. Nitschke, K. Oliveira, N. Perry, G. Shepherd, and K. Stokesbury also assisted materially. Funding for this project was provided through NOAA Fisheries Cooperative Marine Education and Research program, the University of Massachusetts, the NEFSC Cooperative Research Program, and the Massachusetts Fisheries Institute. C. Grimes, R. Muller, and 3 anonymous reviewers provided constructive criticism on earlier drafts. We thank all of those involved. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 25 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2013 VL 111 IS 2 BP 161 EP 174 DI 10.7755/FB.111.2.4 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 149HQ UT WOS:000319310000004 ER PT J AU Capossela, KM Fabrizio, MC Brill, RW AF Capossela, Karen M. Fabrizio, Mary C. Brill, Richard W. TI Migratory and within-estuary behaviors of adult Summer Flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) in a lagoon system of the southern mid-Atlantic Bight SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID LOWER CHESAPEAKE BAY; JUVENILE SUMMER; NEW-JERSEY; WINTER FLOUNDER; PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; ULTRASONIC TELEMETRY; ACOUSTIC TELEMETRY; GROWTH LIMITATION; HABITAT DYNAMICS; 2 TEMPERATURES AB We monitored the movements of 45 adult Summer Flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) between June 2007 and July 2008 through the use of passive acoustic telemetry to elucidate migratory and within-estuary behaviors in a lagoon system of the southern mid-Atlantic Bight. Between 8 June and 10 October 2007, fish resided primarily in the deeper (>3 m) regions of the system and exhibited low levels of large-scale (100s of meters) activity. Mean residence time within this estuarine lagoon system was conservatively estimated to be 130 days (range: 18-223 days), which is 1.5 times longer than the residence time previously reported for Summer Flounder in a similar estuarine habitat similar to 250 km to the north. The majority of fish remained within the lagoon system until mid-October, although some fish dispersed earlier and some of them appeared to disperse temporarily (i.e., exited the system for at least 14 consecutive days before returning). Larger fish were more likely to disperse before mid-October than smaller fish and may have moved to other estuaries or the inner continental shelf. Fish that dispersed after mid-October were more likely to return to the lagoon system the following spring than were fish that dispersed before mid-October. In 2008, fish returned to the system between 7 February and 7 April. Dispersals and returns most closely followed seasonal changes in mean water temperature, but photoperiod and other factors also may have played a role in large-scale movements of Summer Flounder. C1 [Capossela, Karen M.; Fabrizio, Mary C.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Dept Fisheries Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Brill, Richard W.] NOAA, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Capossela, KM (reprint author), Maryland Dept Nat Resources, 301 Marine Acad Dr, Stevensville, MD 21666 USA. EM kcapossela@dnr.state.md.us OI Fabrizio, Mary/0000-0002-6115-5490 FU Oceanside Conservation Co., Inc.; Eastern Shore Graduate Research Grant FX We thank the following individuals for their assistance with this study: P. Bushnell, D. Gauthier, M. Henderson, J. Smith, and L. Smith. We acknowledge M. Luckenbach, S. Fate, R. Bonniwell, and the support staff of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science Eastern Shore Laboratory. We also thank T. Targett for his comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript and D. Fox for sharing detections from Delaware Bay. Funding for this project was provided by the Oceanside Conservation Co., Inc., Student Research Grant, and the Eastern Shore Graduate Research Grant. This is contribution 3251 from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary. NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 22 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2013 VL 111 IS 2 BP 189 EP 201 DI 10.7755/FB.111.2.6 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 149HQ UT WOS:000319310000006 ER PT J AU Grafton, RQ Pittock, J Davis, R Williams, J Fu, GB Warburton, M Udall, B McKenzie, R Yu, XB Che, N Connell, D Jiang, Q Kompas, T Lynch, A Norris, R Possingham, HP Quiggin, J AF Grafton, R. Quentin Pittock, Jamie Davis, Richard Williams, John Fu, Guobin Warburton, Michele Udall, Bradley McKenzie, Ronnie Yu, Xiubo Che, Nhu Connell, Daniel Jiang, Qiang Kompas, Tom Lynch, Amanda Norris, Richard Possingham, Hugh P. Quiggin, John TI Global insights into water resources, climate change and governance SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID COLORADO-RIVER DELTA; BASIN; AGRICULTURE; MANAGEMENT; MEXICO; TRENDS; CHINA AB The threats of climate change and the trade-offs between extractions and flows are examined for the Colorado, the Murray, the Orange and the Yellow Rivers. In all four basins, and over a long period of time, outflows have greatly reduced as a direct result of increased water extractions. Although climate change will aggravate hydrological impacts on river systems, currently high levels of water extractions remain the principal contributor to reduced system flows. Changes in governance, including sharing the variability between the environment and consumers, are urgently required if the health of these rivers is to be maintained. C1 [Grafton, R. Quentin; Pittock, Jamie; Williams, John; Connell, Daniel; Jiang, Qiang; Kompas, Tom] Australian Natl Univ, Crawford Sch, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Fu, Guobin] CSIRO Land & Water, Floreat Pk, WA 6014, Australia. [Warburton, Michele] Univ KwaZulu Natal, ZA-4041 Berea, South Africa. [Udall, Bradley] Univ Colorado, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [McKenzie, Ronnie] WRP Pty Ltd, ZA-0181 Pretoria, South Africa. [Yu, Xiubo] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Che, Nhu] Bur Resources & Energy Econ, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Lynch, Amanda] Brown Univ, Environm Change Initiat, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Norris, Richard] Univ Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Possingham, Hugh P.; Quiggin, John] Univ Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Grafton, RQ (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Crawford Sch, Bldg 132, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM Quentin.grafton@anu.edu.au RI Fu, Guobin/A-3243-2008; Grafton, R. Quentin/A-5277-2008; Lynch, Amanda/B-4278-2011; Possingham, Hugh/B-1337-2008; OI Grafton, R. Quentin/0000-0002-0048-9083; Lynch, Amanda/0000-0003-2990-1016; Possingham, Hugh/0000-0001-7755-996X; YU, Xiubo/0000-0002-8266-2432; Quiggin, John/0000-0003-0398-8280; Fu, Guobin/0000-0002-3968-4871 NR 48 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 9 U2 110 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD APR PY 2013 VL 3 IS 4 BP 315 EP 321 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1746 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 150OL UT WOS:000319400400007 ER PT J AU Nalepa, TF AF Nalepa, Thomas F. TI Felicitations for the Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Nalepa, TF (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM thomas.nalepa@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 16 IS 2 SI SI BP 158 EP 158 DI 10.1080/14634988.2013.798155 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 144WU UT WOS:000318973400017 ER PT J AU Bentz, DP Garboczi, EJ Lu, Y Martys, N Sakulich, AR Weiss, WJ AF Bentz, Dale P. Garboczi, Edward J. Lu, Yang Martys, Nicos Sakulich, Aaron R. Weiss, W. Jason TI Modeling of the influence of transverse cracking on chloride penetration into concrete SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE Binding; Chloride diffusion; Corrosion; Service life; Transverse cracking ID BRIDGE DECKS; DIFFUSION; INGRESS AB Concrete service life models have proliferated in recent years due to increased interest in designing infrastructure elements with at least a 75-year service life, along with greater emphasis on life-cycle costing. While existing models consider a variety of concrete material and environmental factors, at varying levels of complexity, in predicting the time until the onset of chloride-induced corrosion of the steel reinforcement, the influence of cracking is generally beyond their current scope. This paper presents a preliminary strategy for examining the influence of transverse cracking on chloride ion penetration into concrete that includes a graphical approach for adjusting the predicted service life provided by current models to reflect this influence. Comparison to experimental data for saturated concretes indicates that the contributions of binding of the chloride ions by the cement paste play a significant role in slowing the ingress of chlorides and should be accounted for in any modeling efforts. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bentz, Dale P.; Garboczi, Edward J.; Lu, Yang; Martys, Nicos; Sakulich, Aaron R.; Weiss, W. Jason] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bentz, DP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dale.bentz@nist.gov RI Sakulich, Aaron/G-6010-2014; OI Sakulich, Aaron/0000-0002-6796-4045 NR 28 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-9465 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD APR PY 2013 VL 38 BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.03.003 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 146JC UT WOS:000319086400008 ER PT J AU Rehm, C Barker, J Bouwman, WG Pynn, R AF Rehm, Christine Barker, John Bouwman, Wim G. Pynn, Roger TI DCD USANS and SESANS: a comparison of two neutron scattering techniques applicable for the study of large-scale structures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SPIN-ECHO; RESEARCH REACTOR; INSTRUMENT; CRYSTALS; OPAL AB This paper provides a comparison of the capabilities of two techniques for extending the range of conventional small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) towards the micrometre length scale, namely the double-crystal diffraction ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (DCD USANS) technique, which uses perfect silicon crystals in Bragg reflection, and spin-echo SANS (SESANS), a method that uses the spin precessions of a polarized neutron beam. Both methods encode the scattering angle to very high precision. Based on round-robin test measurements, the strengths and weaknesses of the two techniques are discussed with respect to the measurement of the particle size of monodisperse scatterers, and potential performance gains for state-of-the-art DCD USANS and SESANS instruments are investigated. C1 [Rehm, Christine] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. [Barker, John] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bouwman, Wim G.] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Sci Appl, Dept Radiat Radionuclides & Reactors, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. [Pynn, Roger] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Pynn, Roger] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rehm, C (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. EM cre@ansto.gov.au RI Bouwman, Wim/C-8669-2009 OI Bouwman, Wim/0000-0002-5331-8085 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; US Department of Energy through its Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Science and Engineering [ER46279] FX At Delft University of Technology we thank Chris Duif and Jeroen Plomp for their assistance in the SESANS experiments, and Henk Lukas for flame sealing of sample quartz cuvettes. At ANSTO we thank Chris Garvey and Tracey Hanley for their assistance in spectrophotometer and densitometer measurements, and David Stathers for flame sealing of sample quartz cuvettes. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. RP was supported in this work by the US Department of Energy through its Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Science and Engineering (grant No. ER46279). The mention of commercial products does not imply endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2013 VL 46 BP 354 EP 364 DI 10.1107/S0021889812050029 PN 2 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 144ME UT WOS:000318942800009 ER PT J AU Fraisse, AA Ade, PAR Amiri, M Benton, SJ Bock, JJ Bond, JR Bonetti, JA Bryan, S Burger, B Chiang, HC Clark, CN Contaldi, CR Crill, BP Davis, G Dore, O Farhang, M Filippini, JP Fissel, LM Gandilo, NN Golwala, S Gudmundsson, JE Hasselfield, M Hilton, G Holmes, W Hristov, VV Irwin, K Jones, WC Kuo, CL MacTavish, CJ Mason, PV Montroy, TE Morford, TA Netterfield, CB O'Dea, DT Rahlin, AS Reintsema, C Ruhl, JE Runyan, MC Schenker, MA Shariff, JA Soler, JD Trangsrud, A Tucker, C Tucker, RS Turner, AD Wiebe, D AF Fraisse, A. A. Ade, P. A. R. Amiri, M. Benton, S. J. Bock, J. J. Bond, J. R. Bonetti, J. A. Bryan, S. Burger, B. Chiang, H. C. Clark, C. N. Contaldi, C. R. Crill, B. P. Davis, G. Dore, O. Farhang, M. Filippini, J. P. Fissel, L. M. Gandilo, N. N. Golwala, S. Gudmundsson, J. E. Hasselfield, M. Hilton, G. Holmes, W. Hristov, V. V. Irwin, K. Jones, W. C. Kuo, C. L. MacTavish, C. J. Mason, P. V. Montroy, T. E. Morford, T. A. Netterfield, C. B. O'Dea, D. T. Rahlin, A. S. Reintsema, C. Ruhl, J. E. Runyan, M. C. Schenker, M. A. Shariff, J. A. Soler, J. D. Trangsrud, A. Tucker, C. Tucker, R. S. Turner, A. D. Wiebe, D. CA SPIDER Collaboration TI SPIDER: probing the early Universe with a suborbital polarimeter SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE CMBR experiments; CMBR polarisation; inflation; physics of the early universe ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND-RADIATION; GALACTIC DUST EMISSION; POWER SPECTRUM; WMAP OBSERVATIONS; 2003 FLIGHT; POLARIZATION; ANISOTROPY; TELESCOPE; TEMPERATURE; BOOMERANG AB We evaluate the ability of SPIDER, a balloon-borne polarimeter, to detect a divergence-free polarization pattern (B-modes) in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). In the inflationary scenario, the amplitude of this signal is proportional to that of the primordial scalar perturbations through the tensor-to-scalar ratio r. We show that the expected level of systematic error in the SPIDER instrument is significantly below the amplitude of an interesting cosmological signal with r = 0.03. We present a scanning strategy that enables us to minimize uncertainty in the reconstruction of the Stokes parameters used to characterize the CMB, while accessing a relatively wide range of angular scales. Evaluating the amplitude of the polarized Galactic emission in the SPIDER field, we conclude that the polarized emission from interstellar dust is as bright or brighter than the cosmological signal at all SPIDER frequencies (90 GHz, 150 GHz, and 280 GHz), a situation similar to that found in the "Southern Hole." We show that two similar to 20-day flights of the SPIDER instrument can constrain the amplitude of the B-mode signal to r < 0.03 (99% CL) even when foreground contamination is taken into account. In the absence of foregrounds, the same limit can be reached after one 20-day flight. C1 [Fraisse, A. A.; Chiang, H. C.; Gudmundsson, J. E.; Jones, W. C.; Rahlin, A. S.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Tucker, C.; SPIDER Collaboration] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. [Amiri, M.; Burger, B.; Davis, G.; Hasselfield, M.; Wiebe, D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Benton, S. J.; Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Bock, J. J.; Crill, B. P.; Dore, O.; Filippini, J. P.; Golwala, S.; Hristov, V. V.; Mason, P. V.; Morford, T. A.; Runyan, M. C.; Schenker, M. A.; Trangsrud, A.; Tucker, R. S.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Bonetti, J. A.; Crill, B. P.; Dore, O.; Holmes, W.; Turner, A. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bond, J. R.; Farhang, M.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Bryan, S.; Montroy, T. E.; Ruhl, J. E.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Clark, C. N.; Contaldi, C. R.; O'Dea, D. T.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England. [Farhang, M.; Fissel, L. M.; Gandilo, N. N.; Netterfield, C. B.; Shariff, J. A.; Soler, J. D.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Hilton, G.; Irwin, K.; Reintsema, C.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Kuo, C. L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [MacTavish, C. J.] Univ Cambridge, Kavli Inst Cosmol, Cambridge, England. RP Fraisse, AA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM afraisse@princeton.edu OI Tucker, Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918 FU National Science Foundation [ANT-1043515]; NASA [APRA-NNX07AL64G, NESSF-NNX10AM55H]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NSERC; Canadian Space Agency; CIFAR; Leifur Eiriksson Foundation; NASA Office of Space Science FX The SPIDER collaboration gratefully acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation (ANT-1043515), NASA (APRA-NNX07AL64G), and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Support in Canada is provided by NSERC, the Canadian Space Agency, and CIFAR. JEG is supported by a grant from the Leifur Eiriksson Foundation. ASR is supported by NASA (NESSF-NNX10AM55H). WCJ acknowledges the generous support of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and of the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. Some of the results in this paper have been derived using the HEALPix1 [57] package, as well as the FFTW subroutine library [58]. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. We acknowledge the use of the Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis (LAMBDA). Support for LAMBDA is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science. NR 59 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD APR PY 2013 IS 4 AR 047 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2013/04/047 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 139BJ UT WOS:000318556200047 ER PT J AU Naugolnykh, K AF Naugolnykh, Konstantin TI Sound scattering by a vortex dipole SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CYLINDRICAL VORTEX; FLUID; WAVES AB Sound scattering by a system of two counter-rotating vortices (Lamb dipole) is considered, using the effective approach of Pitaevskii [J. Exp. Theor. Phys (USSR) 35, 1271-1275 (1958); Sov. Phys. JETP 85, 888-890 (1959)], based on application of the asymptotic representation of the scattering Green function, the Dirac delta function modeling of the vortex, and the Fourier transformation of the vector of scattering. The sound frequency is supposed to be low. The directivity pattern of the radiation, scattered by the Lamb dipole is obtained. There is no singularity in scattering field in this case as it must be for the vorticity with zero circulation, so the dipole is a more appropriate object for the approximation used. (C) 2013 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Naugolnykh, Konstantin] Zel Technol LLC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Naugolnykh, Konstantin] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Naugolnykh, K (reprint author), Zel Technol LLC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2013 VL 133 IS 4 BP 1882 EP 1884 DI 10.1121/1.4794395 PG 3 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 139BB UT WOS:000318555300022 PM 23556557 ER PT J AU Strychalski, EA Stavis, SM Geist, J AF Strychalski, Elizabeth A. Stavis, Samuel M. Geist, Jon TI A localized transition in the size variation of circular DNA in nanofluidic slitlike confinement SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article DE DNA; molecular biophysics; nanobiotechnology; nanofluidics; piecewise linear techniques; polymers; statistical analysis ID DYNAMICS; STATISTICS; NANOSLITS AB We report strong evidence for a localized transition in the size variation of circular DNA between strong and moderate regimes of slitlike confinement. A novel and rigorous statistical analysis was applied to our recent experimental measurements of DNA size for linear and circular topologies in nanofluidic slits with depths around approximate to 2p, where p is the persistence length. This empirical approach revealed a localized transition between confinement regimes for circular DNA at a slit depth of approximate to 3p but neither detected nor ruled out the possibility for such a transition for linear DNA. These unexpected results provide the first indication of the localized influence of polymer topology on size variation in slitlike confinement. Improved understanding of differences in polymer behavior related to topology in this controversial and relevant system is of fundamental importance in polymer science and will inform nanofluidic methods for biopolymer analysis. Copyright 2013 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4802594] C1 [Strychalski, Elizabeth A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stavis, Samuel M.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Geist, Jon] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Strychalski, EA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elizabeth.strychalski@nist.gov OI Geist, Jon/0000-0001-7749-318X NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD APR PY 2013 VL 3 IS 4 AR 042115 DI 10.1063/1.4802594 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 135ER UT WOS:000318271100015 ER PT J AU Hoffmayer, ER Franks, JS Driggers, WB Howey, PW AF Hoffmayer, Eric R. Franks, James S. Driggers, William B., III Howey, Paul W. TI DIEL VERTICAL MOVEMENTS OF A SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD, SPHYRNA LEWINI, IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE ARCHIVAL TAGS; TUNA THUNNUS-THYNNUS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SHARKS; CALIFORNIA; FISH; TEMPERATURE; AUSTRALIA; TRACKING; MOKARRAN AB Despite the circumglobal distribution of scalloped hammerheads, Sphyrna lewini (Griffith and Smith, 1834), little information is available regarding fine-scale movement and habitat use patterns for this species. Over a 27-d period, data were collected on diel habitat use and environmental preferences of a 240 cm (total length) female S. lewini. The shark exhibited a consistent and repeated diel vertical movement pattern, making more than 76 deep nighttime dives; the maximum depth reached was 964 m, where the temperature was 5.8 degrees C. The purpose of the nightly oscillatory deep diving pattern is unknown but could possibly represent feeding behavior. These findings represent the first detailed account of S. lewini diel vertical behavior and habitat utilization in the western North Atlantic Ocean. C1 [Hoffmayer, Eric R.; Driggers, William B., III] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Franks, James S.] Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ctr Fisheries Res & Dev, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. [Howey, Paul W.] Microwave Telemetry Inc, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. RP Hoffmayer, ER (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, PO Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. EM eric.hoffmayer@noaa.gov RI sebastianovitsch, stepan/G-8507-2013 FU US National Marine Fisheries Service [NA08NMF4540389] FX We extend our appreciation to B Delabar and BC Bobby of the sport fishing vessel FRENZY (Venice, Louisiana). We also thank R Berg (BEI, Inc.) for providing video of the scalloped hammerhead aggregation at MC582 the day prior to our tagging event. G Parsons provided valuable comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This research was partially supported by US National Marine Fisheries Service, Cooperative Research Program, Grant #NA08NMF4540389 to E Hoffmayer and J Franks. This research was conducted in compliance with US law under Scientific Research Permit HMS-EFP-08-07, issued by the Highly Migratory Species Division of the Office of Sustainable Fisheries, National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA, and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Southern Mississippi (protocol 09031204). Mention of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the University of Southern Mississippi or the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 38 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 89 IS 2 BP 551 EP 557 DI 10.5343/bms.2012.1048 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 136QM UT WOS:000318378500009 ER PT J AU Wick, GA Neiman, PJ Ralph, FM AF Wick, Gary A. Neiman, Paul J. Ralph, F. Martin TI Description and Validation of an Automated Objective Technique for Identification and Characterization of the Integrated Water Vapor Signature of Atmospheric Rivers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric river; automated detection; forecast verification; integrated water vapor; meteorology; pattern recognition; passive microwave remote sensing ID SATELLITE; CALIFORNIA; FORECASTS; FLOODS AB An automated, objective tool for identifying and characterizing the integrated water vapor (IWV) signature of atmospheric rivers (ARs) based on satellite-observed or model-derived IWV fields has been developed, demonstrated, and validated. ARs are narrow plumes of intense water vapor transport that have been found to be an important contributor to major flooding events in the western U. S. and to seasonal water supply. Previous results demonstrated that the associated IWV signature is an effective proxy for the ARs themselves and that signature is used in this work to characterize the features. The technique employs basic objective criteria for the length (> 2000 km), width (< 1000 km), and IWV content (> 2 cm) of the plumes and standard image processing techniques including thresholding and skeletonization to identify the ARs. Extracted characteristics for the identified plumes include their position, width, core IWV content, orientation, lifetime, and propagation speed. The performance of the AR detection tool (ARDT) was validated over five cool seasons by comparing the AR IWV signature identified by the tool with visually identified events from an existing landfalling AR climatology. The ARDT performed extremely well with a critical success index of 92.4% and a 98.5% probability of detection. Differences were largely the result of subjective decisions in visual classification and tradeoffs in the tool sensitivity between missing actual ARs and inclusion of non-AR features. Future improvements include refined computations of the length and width of AR features and extension of the technique to apply directly to measurements of the water vapor transport. Overall, the ARDT appears well suited for the development of extended AR climatologies and the comparison and verification of forecasts of ARs. C1 [Neiman, Paul J.; Ralph, F. Martin] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wick, GA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Gary.A.Wick@noaa.gov; paul.j.neiman@noaa.gov; marty.ralph@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under the THORPEX program; California Energy Commission through the CalWater Project FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under the THORPEX program and from the California Energy Commission through the CalWater Project. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 4 BP 2166 EP 2176 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2211024 PN 2 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 137HY UT WOS:000318427500002 ER PT J AU Connor, LN Farrell, SL McAdoo, DC Krabill, WB Manizade, S AF Connor, Laurence N. Farrell, Sinead Louise McAdoo, David C. Krabill, William B. Manizade, Serdar TI Validating ICESat Over Thick Sea Ice in the Northern Canada Basin SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Altimetry; laser radar; satellite applications; sea ice; snow ID LASER ALTIMETER MEASUREMENTS; AIRBORNE LASER; RADAR ALTIMETER; SNOW; FREEBOARD; VARIABILITY; MOTION; OCEAN; COVER; LAND AB Only in the past eight years has the feasibility of using satellite-borne altimeters to estimate sea ice freeboard and thickness been demonstrated, and these estimates still have uncertainties primarily associated with limited knowledge of snow loading on sea ice. Because accurate estimates of Arctic-wide sea ice thickness and volume are fundamental inputs to global climate models, validation of satellite-derived thickness estimates using independent data is required. A detailed assessment of freeboard retrieved by the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) aboard the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite has been carried out using high-resolution laser altimetry from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM), the Delay-Doppler radar altimeter, and digital photography collected along a 300-km segment of sea ice in the Canada Basin. Exploiting the repeat coverage of the aircraft flight line, a correction was applied to GLAS footprint geolocations to adjust for sea ice drift that occurred during the time between satellite and aircraft acquisitions. Comparisons of GLAS and ATM measurements over sea ice show excellent agreement (about a 0.00-m mean) with no apparent bias between data sets. Freeboard estimates were examined using data from GLAS and ATM independently, employing measurements over refrozen leads to estimate local sea surface heights (SSHs). The results demonstrate the sensitivity of freeboard and thickness calculations to an accurate estimation of local SSH. Snow depth derived by differencing laser and radar data was combined with the freeboard estimates to yield a mean sea ice thickness of similar to 5.5mover a 250-km subsection of the flight track. C1 [Connor, Laurence N.; McAdoo, David C.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Farrell, Sinead Louise] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Farrell, Sinead Louise] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Krabill, William B.] NASA, Sigma Space Inc, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. [Manizade, Serdar] NASA, URS Corp, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. RP Connor, LN (reprint author), NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Laurence.Connor@noaa.gov; Sineadf@umd.edu; Dave.McAdoo@noaa.gov; William.B.Krabill@nasa.gov; Serdar.Manizade@nasa.gov RI Farrell, Sinead/F-5586-2010; McAdoo, Dave/F-5612-2010; Connor, Laurence/E-7930-2011 OI Farrell, Sinead/0000-0003-3222-2751; McAdoo, Dave/0000-0002-7533-5564; Connor, Laurence/0000-0002-5276-6257 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Ocean Remote Sensing program; NASA's Cryosphere Program FX This work was supported in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision.; The authors would like to thank the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) P3 aircrew for their support during the Arctic Aircraft Altimeter (AAA) 2006 campaign. The March 27, 2006, AAA flight was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Ocean Remote Sensing program and NASA's Cryosphere Program. The authors would also like to thank C. Leuschen for providing the processed Delay-Doppler data for the AAA flights, the reviewers for their efforts and insightful suggestions, and NASA's Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) Science Project and National Snow and Ice Data Center for the distribution of the ICESat data (see http://nsidc.org/data/icesat/). Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer imagery was obtained from NASA's Level 1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (http://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov). NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 4 BP 2188 EP 2200 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2211603 PN 2 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 137HY UT WOS:000318427500004 ER PT J AU Li, YG Zhang, GF Doviak, RJ Lei, L Cao, Q AF Li, Yinguang Zhang, Guifu Doviak, Richard J. Lei, Lei Cao, Qing TI A New Approach to Detect Ground Clutter Mixed With Weather Signals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Bayesian methods; meteorological radar; radar clutter; radar detection; spectral analysis ID RADAR; IDENTIFICATION; CLASSIFICATION; ALGORITHM; WSR-88D AB Considering that the statistics of the phase and the power of weather signals in the spectral domain are different from those statistics for echoes fromstationary objects, a spectrum clutter identification (SCI) algorithm has been developed to detect ground clutter using single polarization radars, but SCI can be extended for dual-pol radars. SCI examines both the power and phase in the spectral domain and uses a simple Bayesian classifier to combine four discriminants: spectral power distribution, spectral phase fluctuations, spatial texture of echo power, and spatial texture of spectrum width to make decisions as to the presence of clutter that can corrupt meteorological measurements. This work is focused on detecting ground clutter mixed with weather signals, even if the clutter power to signal power ratio is low. The performance of the SCI algorithm is shown by applying it to radar data collected by University of Oklahoma-Polarimetric Radar for Innovation in Meteorology and Engineering. C1 [Li, Yinguang; Lei, Lei] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Li, Yinguang; Lei, Lei] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Zhang, Guifu; Cao, Qing] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Doviak, Richard J.] Natl Severe Storm Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Li, YG (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM yinguangli@ou.edu; guzhang1@ou.edu; leilei@ou.edu; qingcao@ou.edu RI Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014; OI Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815; Cao, Qing/0000-0001-6660-3566 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Severe Storms Laboratory [NA08OAR4320904]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1046171] FX This work was supported in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Severe Storms Laboratory under the cooperative Agreement NA08OAR4320904 and the National Science Foundation under Grant of AGS-1046171. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 4 BP 2373 EP 2387 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2209658 PN 2 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 137HY UT WOS:000318427500019 ER PT J AU Rosotti, GP Ercolano, B Owen, JE Armitage, PJ AF Rosotti, Giovanni P. Ercolano, Barbara Owen, James E. Armitage, Philip J. TI The interplay between X-ray photoevaporation and planet formation SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; hydrodynamics; protoplanetary discs ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; T TAURI DISKS; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; PRETRANSITIONAL DISKS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; TRANSITIONAL DISKS; ACCRETION DISCS; DUST FILTRATION; FAR-ULTRAVIOLET AB We assess the potential of planet formation instigating the early formation of a photoevaporation-driven gap, up to radii larger than typical for photoevaporation alone. For our investigation we make use of hydrodynamic models of photoevaporating discs with a giant planet embedded. We find that by reducing the mass accretion flow on to the star, discs that form giant planets will be dispersed at earlier times than discs without planets by X-ray photoevaporation. By clearing the portion of the disc inner of the planet orbital radius, planet formation induced photoevaporation (PIPE) is able to produce transition discs that for a given mass accretion rate have larger holes when compared to standard X-ray photoevaporation. This constitutes a possible route for the formation of the observed class of accreting transition discs with large holes, which are otherwise difficult to explain by planet formation or photoevaporation alone. Moreover, assuming that a planet is able to filter dust completely, PIPE produces a transition disc with a large hole and may provide a mechanism to quickly shut down accretion. This process appears to be too slow, however, to explain the observed desert in the population of transition discs with large holes and low mass accretion rates. C1 [Rosotti, Giovanni P.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Rosotti, Giovanni P.; Ercolano, Barbara] Excellence Cluster Universe, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Rosotti, Giovanni P.; Ercolano, Barbara] Univ Sternwarte Munchen, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Owen, James E.] Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Armitage, Philip J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Rosotti, GP (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM rosotti@usm.lmu.de; ercolano@usm.lmu.de OI Rosotti, Giovanni/0000-0003-4853-5736 FU International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS); NASA [HST-AR-12814, NAS 5-26555]; Space Telescope Science Institute FX GPR acknowledges the support of the International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) and is grateful to CITA for its hospitality during part of this work. PJA acknowledges support from NASA under grant HST-AR-12814 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555. We would like to thank Tilman Birnstiel for providing the viscous evolution code. We thank Giuseppe Lodato and Cathie Clarke for interesting discussions. NR 49 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD APR PY 2013 VL 430 IS 2 BP 1392 EP 1401 DI 10.1093/mnras/sts725 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 135FY UT WOS:000318275000053 ER PT J AU Mellor, G AF Mellor, George TI Waves, circulation and vertical dependence SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Surface waves; Ocean circulation; Ocean modeling; Wave radiation stress ID RADIATION STRESS; OCEAN CIRCULATION; GRAVITY WAVES; FINITE DEPTH; SURF ZONE; EQUATIONS; MODEL; DRIVEN; WATER AB Longuet-Higgins and Stewart (J Fluid Mech 13:481-504, 1962; Deep-Sea Res 11:529-562, 1964) and later Phillips (1977) introduced the problem of waves incident on a beach, from deep to shallow water. From the wave energy equation and the vertically integrated continuity equation, they inferred velocities to be Stokes drift plus a return current so that the vertical integral of the combined velocities was nil. As a consequence, it can be shown that velocities of the order of Stokes drift rendered the advective term in the momentum equation negligible resulting in a simple balance between the horizontal gradients of the vertically integrated elevation and wave radiation stress terms; the latter was first derived by Longuet-Higgins and Stewart. Mellor (J Phys Oceanogr 33:1978-1989, 2003a), noting that vertically integrated continuity and momentum equations were not able to deal with three-dimensional numerical or analytical ocean models, derived a vertically dependent theory of wave-circulation interaction. It has since been partially revised and the revisions are reviewed here. The theory is comprised of the conventional, three-dimensional, continuity and momentum equations plus a vertically distributed, wave radiation stress term. When applied to the problem of waves incident on a beach with essentially zero turbulence momentum mixing, velocities are very large and the simple balance between elevation and radiation stress gradients no longer prevails. However, when turbulence mixing is reinstated, the vertically dependent radiation stresses produce vertical velocity gradients which then produce turbulent mixing; as a consequence, velocities are reduced, but are still larger by an order of magnitude compared to Stokes drift. Nevertheless, the velocity reduction is sufficient so that elevation set-down obtained from a balance between elevation gradient and radiation stress gradients is nearly coincident with that obtained by the aforementioned papers. This paper includes four appendices. The first appendix demonstrates the numerical process by which Stokes drift is excluded from the turbulence stress parameterization in the momentum equation. A second appendix determines a bottom slope criterion for the application of linear wave relations to the derivation of the wave radiation stress. The third appendix explores the possibility of generalizing results by non-dimensionalization. The final appendix applies the basic theory to a problem introduced by Bennis and Ardhuin (J Phys Oceanogr 41:2008-2012, 2011). C1 Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Mellor, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Sayre Hall,Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM glmellor@princeton.edu NR 26 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 EI 1616-7228 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD APR PY 2013 VL 63 IS 4 BP 447 EP 457 DI 10.1007/s10236-013-0601-9 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 138NP UT WOS:000318515600008 ER PT J AU Fagan, JA Zheng, M Rastogi, V Simpson, JR Khripin, CY Batista, CAS Walker, ARH AF Fagan, Jeffrey A. Zheng, Ming Rastogi, Vinayak Simpson, Jeffrey R. Khripin, Constantine Y. Batista, Carlos A. Silvera Walker, Angela R. Hight TI Analyzing Surfactant Structures on Length and Chirality Resolved (6,5) Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Analytical Ultracentrifugation SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotube; analytical ultracentrifugation; SWCNT; bile salt ID DENSITY-GRADIENT ULTRACENTRIFUGATION; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SIZE-DISTRIBUTION; SEPARATION; FRACTIONATION; DISPERSION; DIFFERENTIATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; ENRICHMENT AB The structure and density of the bound interfacial surfactant layer and associated hydration shell were investigated using analytical ultracentrifugation for length and chirality purified (6,5) single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in three different bile salt surfactant solutions. The differences in the chemical structures of the surfactants significantly affect the size and density of the bound surfactant layers. As probed by exchange of a common parent nanotube population into sodium deoxycholate, sodium cholate, or sodium taurodeoxycholate solutions, the anhydrous density of the nanotubes was least for the sodium taurodeoxycholate surfactant, and the absolute sedimentation velocities greatest for the sodium diolate and sodium taurodeoxycholate surfactants. These results suggest that the thickest interfacial layer is formed by the deoxycholate, and that the taurodeoxycholate packs more densely than either sodium cholate or deoxycholate. These structural differences correlate well to an observed 25% increase in fluorescence intensity relative to the cholate surfactant for deoxycholate and taurodeoxycholate dispersed SWCNTs displaying equivalent absorbance spectra. Separate sedimentation velocity experiments including the density modifying agent iodixanol were used to establish the buoyant density of the (6,5) SWCNT in each of the bile salt surfactants; from the difference in the buoyant and anhydrous densities, the largest hydrated diameter is observed for sodium deoxycholate. Understanding the effects of dispersant choice and the methodology for measurement of the interfacial density and hydrated diameter is critical for rationally advancing separation strategies and applications of nanotubes. C1 [Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Zheng, Ming; Rastogi, Vinayak; Khripin, Constantine Y.; Batista, Carlos A. Silvera] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Simpson, Jeffrey R.] Towson Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fagan, JA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.fagan@nist.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009; OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672; Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 FU National Research Council FX C. Khripin thanks support of a National Research Council Postdoctoral fellowship. NR 60 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 9 U2 97 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD APR PY 2013 VL 7 IS 4 BP 3373 EP 3387 DI 10.1021/nn4002165 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 133MU UT WOS:000318143300052 PM 23530719 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Liu, Y Zhu, P Yin, JF Li, XF Tao, WK AF Wang Donghai Liu Ying Zhu Ping Yin Jinfang Li Xiaofan Tao Wei-Kuo TI Cloud microphysical budget associated with torrential rainfall during the landfall of severe tropical storm Bilis (2006) SO ACTA METEOROLOGICA SINICA LA English DT Article DE cloud radiation effects; cloud-radiation interaction; ice clouds; cloud microphysical budget; torrential rainfall ID MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; STRATIFORM REGIONS; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; PRECIPITATION; RADIATION; MESOSCALE; RESPONSES; WATER; ORGANIZATION; CONVECTION AB Effects of vertical wind shear, radiation, and ice clouds on cloud microphysical budget associated with torrential rainfall during landfall of severe tropical storm Bilis (2006) are investigated by using a series of analysis of two-day grid-scale sensitivity experiment data. When upper-tropospheric upward motions and lower-tropospheric downward motions occur on 15 July 2006, the removal of vertical wind shear and ice clouds increases rainfall contributions from the rainfall type (CM) associated with positive net condensation and hydrometeor loss/convergence, whereas the exclusion of cloud radiative effects and cloud-radiation interaction reduces rainfall contribution from CM. The elimination of vertical wind shear and cloud-radiation interaction increases rainfall contribution from the rainfall type (Cm) associated with positive net condensation and hydrometeor gain/divergence, but the removal of cloud radiative effects and ice clouds decreases rainfall contribution from Cm. The enhancements in rainfall contribution from the rainfall type (cM) associated with negative net condensation and hydrometeor loss/convergence are caused by the exclusion of cloud radiative effects, cloud-radiation interaction and ice clouds, whereas the reduction in rainfall contribution from cM results from the removal of vertical wind shear. When upward motions appear throughout the troposphere on 16 July, the exclusion of all these effects increases rainfall contribution from CM, but generally decreases rainfall contributions from Cm and cM. C1 [Wang Donghai; Liu Ying; Yin Jinfang] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Wang Donghai] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Zhu Ping] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Li Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Tao Wei-Kuo] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wang, DH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM d.wang@hotmail.com RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 FU National (Key) Basic Research and Development (973) Program of China [2012CB417204]; China Meteorological Administration [GYHY200806007, GYHY201006014, GYHY201206039]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40875022, 40633016, 41175064]; State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences FX Supported by the National (Key) Basic Research and Development (973) Program of China (2012CB417204), China Meteorological Administration Special Public Welfare Research Fund (GYHY200806007, GYHY201006014, and GYHY201206039), National Natural Science Foundation of China (40875022, 40633016, and 41175064), and Basic Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0894-0525 J9 ACTA METEOROL SIN JI Acta Meteorol. Sin. PD APR PY 2013 VL 27 IS 2 BP 263 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s13351-013-0210-z PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 135PW UT WOS:000318302000010 ER PT J AU Diamond, HJ Karl, TR Palecki, MA Baker, CB Bell, JE Leeper, RD Easterling, DR Lawrimore, JH Meyers, TP Helfert, MR Goodge, G Thorne, PW AF Diamond, Howard J. Karl, Thomas R. Palecki, Michael A. Baker, C. Bruce Bell, Jesse E. Leeper, Ronald D. Easterling, David R. Lawrimore, Jay H. Meyers, Tilden P. Helfert, Michael R. Goodge, Grant Thorne, Peter W. TI U.S. CLIMATE REFERENCE NETWORK AFTER ONE DECADE OF OPERATIONS STATUS AND ASSESSMENT SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; STATION DENSITY; VALIDATION; NORMALS; TIME C1 [Diamond, Howard J.; Karl, Thomas R.; Palecki, Michael A.; Bell, Jesse E.; Leeper, Ronald D.; Easterling, David R.; Lawrimore, Jay H.; Helfert, Michael R.; Goodge, Grant; Thorne, Peter W.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Baker, C. Bruce; Meyers, Tilden P.] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Bell, Jesse E.; Leeper, Ronald D.; Thorne, Peter W.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Diamond, HJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 1100 Wayne Ave,Suite 1202, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM howard.diamond@noaa.gov RI Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 OI Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798; NR 31 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2013 VL 94 IS 4 BP 485 EP 498 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00170.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 132NE UT WOS:000318074700005 ER PT J AU Kunkel, KE Karl, TR Brooks, H Kossin, J Lawrimore, JH Arndt, D Bosart, L Changnon, D Cutter, SL Doesken, N Emanuel, KY Groisman, PY Katz, RW Knutson, T O'Brien, J Paciorek, CJ Peterson, TC Redmond, K Robinson, D Trapp, J Vose, R Weaver, S Wehner, M Wolter, K Wuebbles, D AF Kunkel, Kenneth E. Karl, Thomas R. Brooks, Harold Kossin, James Lawrimore, Jay H. Arndt, Derek Bosart, Lance Changnon, David Cutter, Susan L. Doesken, Nolan Emanuel, Kerr Y. Groisman, Pavel Ya Katz, Richard W. Knutson, Thomas O'Brien, James Paciorek, Christopher J. Peterson, Thomas C. Redmond, Kelly Robinson, David Trapp, Jeff Vose, Russell Weaver, Scott Wehner, Michael Wolter, Klaus Wuebbles, Donald TI MONITORING AND UNDERSTANDING TRENDS IN EXTREME STORMS State of Knowledge SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTENSE PRECIPITATION; SNOWFALL DISTRIBUTIONS; SEVERE THUNDERSTORM; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; TROPICAL CYCLONES; NATURAL HAZARDS; FREEZING RAIN C1 [Kunkel, Kenneth E.; Karl, Thomas R.; Kossin, James; Lawrimore, Jay H.; Arndt, Derek; Groisman, Pavel Ya; Peterson, Thomas C.; Vose, Russell] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [Brooks, Harold] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Bosart, Lance] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Changnon, David] No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Cutter, Susan L.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Geog, Hazards & Vulnerabil Res Inst, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Doesken, Nolan] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Emanuel, Kerr Y.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Katz, Richard W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Knutson, Thomas] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [O'Brien, James] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Paciorek, Christopher J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Redmond, Kelly] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Robinson, David] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Trapp, Jeff] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Weaver, Scott] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Wehner, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wolter, Klaus] Univ Colorado, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wolter, Klaus] NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Wuebbles, Donald] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL USA. RP Kunkel, KE (reprint author), Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM ken.kunkel@noaa.gov RI Arndt, Derek/J-3022-2013; Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015; Wolter, Klaus/D-5988-2015; Katz, Richard/K-4133-2012; Kossin, James/C-2022-2016; OI Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047; Katz, Richard/0000-0002-0267-8953; Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794; Cutter, Susan/0000-0002-7005-8596 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Program Office Award [NA07OAR4310063]; Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina [NA09NES4400006]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Isaac Held for his helpful comments on the hurricane section. We also thank Imke Durre, Xungang Yin, Jared Rennie, Michael Palecki, and David Wuertz of NCDC for their analytical assistance. The four reviewers provided valuable suggestions. This work was partially supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Program Office Award NA07OAR4310063 and through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA09NES4400006. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the institutions for which they work. Christopher Paciorek and Michael Wehner were supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 91 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 17 U2 121 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2013 VL 94 IS 4 BP 499 EP 514 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00262.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 132NE UT WOS:000318074700006 ER PT J AU Roebeling, R Baum, B Bennartz, R Hamann, U Heidinger, A Thoss, A Walther, A AF Roebeling, Rob Baum, Bryan Bennartz, Ralf Hamann, Ulrich Heidinger, Andy Thoss, Anke Walther, Andi TI EVALUATING AND IMPROVING CLOUD PARAMETER RETRIEVALS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Roebeling, Rob] EUMETSAT, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany. [Baum, Bryan; Bennartz, Ralf; Walther, Andi] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Hamann, Ulrich] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Heidinger, Andy] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Madison, WI USA. [Thoss, Anke] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. RP Roebeling, R (reprint author), EUMETSAT, Eumetsat Allee 1, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany. EM rob.roebeling@eumetsat.int RI Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011; Bennartz, Ralf/F-3760-2010; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010; Hamann, Ulrich/G-5388-2016 OI Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; Hamann, Ulrich/0000-0001-8091-722X NR 3 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2013 VL 94 IS 4 BP ES41 EP ES44 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00041.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 132NE UT WOS:000318074700002 ER PT J AU Perretti, CT Sugihara, G Munch, SB AF Perretti, Charles T. Sugihara, George Munch, Stephan B. TI Nonparametric forecasting outperforms parametric methods for a simulated multispecies system SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecosystem-based management; ecosystem modeling; forecasting; nonlinear dynamics ID ECOLOGICAL TIME-SERIES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MANAGEMENT; MODELS; CHAOS; VARIABILITY; FLUCTUATIONS; LIMITATIONS; LIKELIHOOD; ECOPATH AB Ecosystem dynamics are often complex, nonlinear, and characterized by critical thresholds or phase shifts. To implement sustainable management plans, resource managers need to accurately forecast species abundance. Moreover, an ecosystem-based approach to management requires forecasting the dynamics of all relevant species and the ability to anticipate indirect effects of management decisions. It is therefore crucial to determine which forecasting methods are most robust to observational and structural uncertainty. Here we describe a nonparametric method for multispecies forecasting and evaluate its performance relative to a suite of parametric models. We found that, in the presence of noise, it is often possible to obtain more accurate forecasts from the nonparametric method than from the model that was used to generate the data. The inclusion of data from additional species yielded a large improvement for the nonparametric model, a smaller improvement for the control model, and only a slight improvement for the alternative parametric models. These results suggest that flexible nonparametric modeling should be considered for ecosystem management. C1 [Perretti, Charles T.; Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Munch, Stephan B.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95066 USA. RP Perretti, CT (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM cperrett@ucsd.edu FU NMFS/Sea Grant Population Dynamics Fellowship (E/PD-9) [NA08OAR4320894]; CAMEO program; NSF [DEB 1020372] FX We gratefully acknowledge the helpful comments of P. de Valpine, E. Pikitch, E. Deyle, H. Ye, and three anonymous reviewers. Funding support was provided by a NMFS/Sea Grant Population Dynamics Fellowship (E/PD-9), grant NA08OAR4320894 from the CAMEO program (a partnership between the NSF and NOAA), and NSF grant DEB 1020372. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 52 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2013 VL 94 IS 4 BP 794 EP 800 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 131BF UT WOS:000317964900004 ER PT J AU Johnson, DS Conn, PB Hooten, MB Ray, JC Pond, BA AF Johnson, Devin S. Conn, Paul B. Hooten, Mevin B. Ray, Justina C. Pond, Bruce A. TI Spatial occupancy models for large data sets SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bias; caribou; intrinsic conditionally autoregressive; occupancy model; probit regression; Rangifer tarandus; reduced rank; spatial regression ID BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS; WOLVERINE; BINARY; ERRORS; SCALE AB Since its development, occupancy modeling has become a popular and useful tool for ecologists wishing to learn about the dynamics of species occurrence over time and space. Such models require presence-absence data to be collected at spatially indexed survey units. However, only recently have researchers recognized the need to correct for spatially induced overdisperison by explicitly accounting for spatial autocorrelation in occupancy probability. Previous efforts to incorporate such autocorrelation have largely focused on logit-normal formulations for occupancy, with spatial autocorrelation induced by a random effect within a hierarchical modeling framework. Although useful, computational time generally limits such an approach to relatively small data sets, and there are often problems with algorithm instability, yielding unsatisfactory results. Further, recent research has revealed a hidden form of multicollinearity in such applications, which may lead to parameter bias if not explicitly addressed. Combining several techniques, we present a unifying hierarchical spatial occupancy model specification that is particularly effective over large spatial extents. This approach employs a probit mixture framework for occupancy and can easily accommodate a reduced-dimensional spatial process to resolve issues with multicollinearity and spatial confounding while improving algorithm convergence. Using open-source software, we demonstrate this new model specification using a case study involving occupancy of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) over a set of 1080 survey units spanning a large contiguous region ( 108 000 km(2)) in northern Ontario, Canada. Overall, the combination of a more efficient specification and open-source software allows for a facile and stable implementation of spatial occupancy models for large data sets. C1 [Johnson, Devin S.; Conn, Paul B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ray, Justina C.] Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada, Toronto, ON M5S 2T9, Canada. [Pond, Bruce A.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Wildlife Res & Dev Sect, Peterborough, ON K9J 8M5, Canada. RP Johnson, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM devin.johnson@noaa.gov FU OMNR Species-at-Risk Research Fund for Ontario FX The authors thank J. Hughes, J. Hodges, M. Haran, B. Reich, J. Ver Hoef, J. Laake, and M. Kery for helpful discussion. We are grateful to Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR) pilots and field and science unit staff, to Supercub pilots H. McMahan and G. Lee, L. Yesno who acted as an observer, and to G. Woolmer, C. Stratton, and F. Hofmann for data processing. We are indebted to the OMNR Species-at-Risk Research Fund for Ontario for financial support. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Reference to trade names or products does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA or the U. S. Government. NR 34 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 7 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2013 VL 94 IS 4 BP 801 EP 808 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 131BF UT WOS:000317964900005 ER PT J AU McClintock, BT Russell, DJF Matthiopoulos, J King, R AF McClintock, Brett T. Russell, Deborah J. F. Matthiopoulos, Jason King, Ruth TI Combining individual animal movement and ancillary biotelemetry data to investigate population-level activity budgets SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE animal location data; harbor seal; hierarchical model; movement model; state-space model; switching behavior; telemetry ID STATE-SPACE MODELS; TELEMETRY DATA; RANDOM-WALKS; HARBOR SEAL; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; TACTICS AB Recent technological advances have permitted the collection of detailed animal location and ancillary biotelemetry data that facilitate inference about animal movement and associated behaviors. However, these rich sources of individual information, location, and biotelemetry data, are typically analyzed independently, with population-level inferences remaining largely post hoc. We describe a hierarchical modeling approach, which is able to integrate location and ancillary biotelemetry (e. g., physiological or accelerometer) data from many individuals. We can thus obtain robust estimates of (1) population-level movement parameters and (2) activity budgets for a set of behaviors among which animals transition as they respond to changes in their internal and external environment. Measurement error and missing data are easily accommodated using a state-space formulation of the proposed hierarchical model. Using Bayesian analysis methods, we demonstrate our modeling approach with location and dive activity data from 17 harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in the United Kingdom. Based jointly on movement and diving activity, we identified three distinct movement behavior states: resting, foraging, and transit, and estimated population-level activity budgets to these three states. Because harbor seals are known to dive for both foraging and transit (but not usually for resting), we compared these results to a similar population-level analysis utilizing only location data. We found that a large proportion of time steps were mischaracterized when behavior states were inferred from horizontal trajectory alone, with 33% of time steps exhibiting a majority of dive activity assigned to the resting state. Only 1% of these time steps were assigned to resting when inferred from both trajectory and dive activity data using our integrated modeling approach. There is mounting evidence of the potential perils of inferring animal behavior based on trajectory alone, but there fortunately now exist many flexible analytical techniques for extracting more out of the increasing wealth of information afforded by recent advances in biologging technology. C1 [McClintock, Brett T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Russell, Deborah J. F.] Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Russell, Deborah J. F.; King, Ruth] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Russell, Deborah J. F.; King, Ruth] Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Matthiopoulos, Jason] Univ Glasgow, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP McClintock, BT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM brett.mcclintock@noaa.gov RI Matthiopoulos, Jason/N-9808-2013; Logger, Satellite/C-1379-2010 FU Engineering and Physical Science Research Council; U.K. Department of Energy and Climate Change as part of their Offshore Energy Strategic Environmental Assessment program FX We thank B. McConnell, D. Thompson, and P. Hammond for use of their data; B. McConnell, D. Thompson, P. Conn, D. Johnson, and J. London for helpful discussions; and S. Moss and M. Bivins for fieldwork. Data collection was supported by the Scottish Natural Heritage, Marine Scotland Science, Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust, and Chichester Harbour Conservancy. Some of this research was undertaken while B. McClintock was funded by the Engineering and Physical Science Research Council. D. Russell is funded by the U.K. Department of Energy and Climate Change as part of their Offshore Energy Strategic Environmental Assessment program. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Any use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply an endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 70 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2013 VL 94 IS 4 BP 838 EP 849 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 131BF UT WOS:000317964900009 ER PT J AU Hart, DR AF Hart, Deborah R. TI Quantifying the tradeoff between precaution and yield in fishery reference points SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fishery reference points; marine protected areas; MSY; stochastic model; risk assessment; scallop; Placopecten magellanicus ID BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE POINTS; PER-RECRUIT ANALYSIS; SCALLOP PLACOPECTEN-MAGELLANICUS; PROBABILITY-BASED APPROACH; ATLANTIC SEA SCALLOP; INCORPORATING UNCERTAINTY; PARAMETER UNCERTAINTY; MARINE RESERVES; GIANT SCALLOP; MANAGEMENT AB A method using Monte Carlo simulations for estimating fishery reference points that accounts for parameter uncertainty is presented. Uncertainties in the input parameters of yield-per-recruit and stock-recruit analyses are propagated to estimate uncertainty in reference points such as F-MSY. These uncertainties are used to evaluate the tradeoffs between the risks of overfishing and stock collapse, and the cost of reduced expected yield due to setting fishing mortality below F-MSY. At fishing mortalities near F-MSY, reduction in fishing mortality substantially decreases the probability of overfishing and stock collapse in exchange for slightly reduced expected yield. At lower fishing mortality rates, the marginal benefit (in terms of lessened risk of overfishing and stock collapse) from further reductions in fishing mortality is less, and the cost in forgone yield is greater. Less resilient "low steepness" stocks require additional precaution due to the risk of complete population collapse. Marine protected areas can also reduce risks of collapse, but at a higher cost in terms of expected yield than effort reduction. Implementation uncertainty (i.e. uncertainty in achieving a fishing mortality target) increases the risk of overfishing as well the loss of yield due to precaution, except at fishing mortalities near or above F-MSY. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Hart, DR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Deborah.Hart@noaa.gov NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 70 IS 3 BP 591 EP 603 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fss204 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 132UC UT WOS:000318093200010 ER PT J AU Hernandez, KM Risch, D Cholewiak, DM Dean, MJ Hatch, LT Hoffman, WS Rice, AN Zemeckis, D Van Parijs, SM AF Hernandez, Keith M. Risch, Denise Cholewiak, Danielle M. Dean, Micah J. Hatch, Leila T. Hoffman, William S. Rice, Aaron N. Zemeckis, Douglas Van Parijs, Sofie M. TI Acoustic monitoring of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in Massachusetts Bay: implications for management and conservation SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Atlantic cod; Gadus morhua; Gulf of Maine; passive acoustic monitoring; spawning behaviour ID SOUND PRODUCTION; PASSIVE ACOUSTICS; FISHERIES SCIENCE; SPAWNING COD; FISH; AGGREGATION; RECRUITMENT; PATTERNS; FLORIDA; MAINE AB Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) stocks in northeastern US waters are depleted and stock recovery has been slow; research into the spawning behaviour of this species can help inform conservation and management measures. Male cod produce low-frequency grunts during courtship and spawning. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) offers a different perspective from which to investigate the occurrence, spatial extent and duration of spawning cod aggregations. A marine autonomous recording unit was deployed in the "Spring Cod Conservation Zone" (SCCZ) located in Massachusetts Bay, western Atlantic, to record cod grunts from April-June 2011. Cod grunts were present on 98.67% of the recording days (n = 75 days). They occurred across all 24 h, although significantly more grunts were found during the day than night-time (p = 0.0065). Grunt durations ranged from 57-360 ms, and the fundamental frequency and second harmonic had mean peak frequencies of 49.7 +/- 5.6 and 102.9 Hz +/- 10.9 sd, respectively. Cod grunt rates were low compared with those reported for other spawning fish, and may be indicative of diel movement patterns. Next steps will focus on expanding PAM coverage within the SCCZ, alongside prospecting for unknown spawning grounds within existing archival data. C1 [Hernandez, Keith M.; Risch, Denise; Cholewiak, Danielle M.] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hernandez, Keith M.; Risch, Denise; Cholewiak, Danielle M.; Van Parijs, Sofie M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Species Branch, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Dean, Micah J.; Hoffman, William S.] Massachusetts Div Marine Fisheries, Annisquam River Marine Fisheries Field Stn, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. [Hatch, Leila T.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. [Rice, Aaron N.] Cornell Univ, Ornithol Lab, Bioacoust Res Program, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Zemeckis, Douglas] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. RP Hernandez, KM (reprint author), Moss Landing Marine Labs, Vertebrate Ecol Lab, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM khernandez@mlml.calstate.edu OI Rice, Aaron/0000-0002-8598-9705 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Ocean Acoustics program FX Funding for logistical and analytical support was provided through National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Ocean Acoustics program. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 44 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 70 IS 3 BP 628 EP 635 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst003 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 132UC UT WOS:000318093200013 ER PT J AU Lakshmanan, V Miller, M Smith, T AF Lakshmanan, Valliappa Miller, Madison Smith, Travis TI Quality Control of Accumulated Fields by Applying Spatial and Temporal Constraints SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALGORITHM; TRACKING; IDENTIFICATION; METHODOLOGY; ASSIGNMENT AB Accumulating gridded fields over time greatly magnifies the impact of impulse noise in the individual grids. A quality control method that takes advantage of spatial and temporal coherence can reduce the impact of such noise in accumulation grids. Such a method can be implemented using the image processing techniques of hysteresis and multiple hypothesis tracking (MHT). These steps are described in this paper, and the method is applied to simulated data to quantify the improvements and to explain the effect of various parameters. Finally, the quality control technique is applied to some illustrative real-world datasets. C1 [Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Miller, Madison; Smith, Travis] Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Smith, Travis] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Miller, Madison] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Lakshmanan, V (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM lakshman@ou.edu FU NOAA-OU [NA17RJ1227] FX Funding for the authors was provided under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227. We wish to thank Kiel Ortega for providing the SHAVE data used in Fig. 7; Kiel Ortega, Brandon Smith, and Gabe Garfield for the damage survey shown in Fig. 8; and the Oklahoma Mesonet for providing the surface observations used in Fig. 9. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 30 IS 4 BP 745 EP 758 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00128.1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 130YF UT WOS:000317955700007 ER PT J AU Goes, M Goni, G Keller, K AF Goes, Marlos Goni, Gustavo Keller, Klaus TI Reducing Biases in XBT Measurements by Including Discrete Information from Pressure Switches SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPENDABLE BATHYTHERMOGRAPH XBT; SEA-LEVEL RISE; FALL-RATE; DEPTH; TEMPERATURE; OCEAN; PROFILES; IMPACT; ERROR; T-7 AB Biases in the depth estimation of expendable bathythermograph (XBT) measurements cause considerable errors in oceanic estimates of climate variables. Efforts are currently underway to improve XBT probes by including pressure switches. Information from these pressure measurements can be used to minimize errors in the XBT depth estimation. This paper presents a simple method to correct the XBT depth biases using a number of discrete pressure measurements. A blend of controlled simulations of XBT measurements and collocated XBT/CTD data is used along with statistical methods to estimate error parameters, and to optimize the use of pressure switches in terms of number of switches, optimal depth detection, and errors in the pressure switch measurements to most efficiently correct XBT profiles. The results show that given the typical XBT depth biases, using just two pressure switches is a reliable strategy for reducing depth errors, as it uses the least number of switches for an improved accuracy and reduces the variance of the resulting correction. Using only one pressure switch efficiently corrects XBT depth errors when the surface depth offset is small, its optimal location is at middepth (around or below 300 m), and the pressure switch measurement errors are insignificant. If two pressure switches are used, then results indicate that the measurements should be taken in the lower thermocline and deeper in the profile, at approximately 80 and 600 m, respectively, with an RMSE of approximately 1.6 m for pressure errors of 1 m. C1 [Goes, Marlos] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Goes, Marlos; Goni, Gustavo] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Keller, Klaus] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, State Coll, PA USA. [Keller, Klaus] Earth & Environm Syst Inst, State Coll, PA USA. RP Goes, M (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM mgoes@rsmas.miami.edu RI Goes, Marlos/B-4273-2011; Keller, Klaus/A-6742-2013; Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012 OI Goes, Marlos/0000-0001-5874-8079; Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170 FU NOAA Climate Program Office; Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a cooperative institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ1226] FX The authors thank Pedro DiNezio for the interesting discussions and support with the collocated data, the PNE crew for collecting the collocated profiles, and Chris Meinen and Libby Johns for revising the manuscript. This research was carried out under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a cooperative institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1226, and was partly funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 30 IS 4 BP 810 EP 824 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00126.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 130YF UT WOS:000317955700010 ER PT J AU Reynolds, RW Chelton, DB Roberts-Jones, J Martin, MJ Menemenlis, D Merchant, CJ AF Reynolds, Richard W. Chelton, Dudley B. Roberts-Jones, Jonah Martin, Matthew J. Menemenlis, Dimitris Merchant, Christopher John TI Objective Determination of Feature Resolution in Two Sea Surface Temperature Analyses SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID OCEAN; MODEL; CLIMATE AB Considerable effort is presently being devoted to producing high-resolution sea surface temperature (SST) analyses with a goal of spatial grid resolutions as low as 1 km. Because grid resolution is not the same as feature resolution, a method is needed to objectively determine the resolution capability and accuracy of SST analysis products. Ocean model SST fields are used in this study as simulated "true'' SST data and subsampled based on actual infrared and microwave satellite data coverage. The subsampled data are used to simulate sampling errors due to missing data. Two different SST analyses are considered and run using both the full and the subsampled model SST fields, with and without additional noise. The results are compared as a function of spatial scales of variability using wavenumber auto-and cross-spectral analysis. The spectral variance at high wavenumbers (smallest wavelengths) is shown to be attenuated relative to the true SST because of smoothing that is inherent to both analysis procedures. Comparisons of the two analyses (both having grid sizes of roughly 1/20 degrees) show important differences. One analysis tends to reproduce small-scale features more accurately when the high-resolution data coverage is good but produces more spurious small-scale noise when the high-resolution data coverage is poor. Analysis procedures can thus generate small-scale features with and without data, but the small-scale features in an SST analysis may be just noise when high-resolution data are sparse. Users must therefore be skeptical of high-resolution SST products, especially in regions where high-resolution ( similar to 5 km) infrared satellite data are limited because of cloud cover. C1 [Reynolds, Richard W.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [Reynolds, Richard W.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Chelton, Dudley B.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Chelton, Dudley B.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Oceanog Satellite Studies, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Roberts-Jones, Jonah; Martin, Matthew J.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Menemenlis, Dimitris] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Merchant, Christopher John] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Reynolds, RW (reprint author), NOAA, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM richard.w.reynolds@noaa.gov RI Merchant, Christopher/E-1180-2014 OI Merchant, Christopher/0000-0003-4687-9850 FU NOAA's Climate Data Record Program; NCDC; NOAA/Climate Program Office; NASA Grant through Oregon State University [NS214A]; European Community [283367]; NASA FX This work was funded in part by NOAA's Climate Data Record Program, managed by the National Climatic Data Center. We are grateful to NCDC and the NOAA/Climate Program Office, which provided partial support for this work. The graphics for all of the figures were computed using the Grid Analysis and Display System (GrADS; available online at http://grads.iges.org/grads) and finalized by the NCDC Graphics Department. Both DCB and RWR were partially supported by NASA Grant NS214A funded through Oregon State University. The research of JRJ and MJM leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under Grant Agreement 283367 (MyOcean 2). DM performed this work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 8 BP 2514 EP 2533 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00787.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 130XX UT WOS:000317954700007 ER PT J AU Banzon, VF Reynolds, RW AF Banzon, Viva F. Reynolds, Richard W. TI Use of WindSat to Extend a Microwave-Based Daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature Time Series SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article AB The NOAA 1/4 degrees daily optimum interpolation sea surface temperature analysis (DOISST) is available either as a 31-yr (from 1981 onward) time series based on Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) observations or as a 9-yr (2002-11) time series that incorporates additional data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) on the Earth Observing System (EOS) platform. In October 2011, AVHRR+AMSR DOISST production was discontinued when the AMSR instrument lost its capability to collect daily, global-coverage data. Sea surface temperatures from the follow-up AMSR2 instrument will not be available until mid-2013. To ensure an uninterrupted consistent long-term microwave-based DOISST time series, this study tested the feasibility of bridging the gap between AMSR and AMSR2 using WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer (WSAT) data. Comparison of WSAT and AMSR SST data during their period of overlap from 2004 to 2011 showed temporal gaps were common for WSAT, especially before 2009. The WSAT daily spatial coverage was slightly inferior to AMSR but still far superior to AVHRR. When satellite SSTs were bias adjusted with respect to in situ data, the resulting AMSR-and WSAT-only analyses were very similar. Monthly zonal averages agreed to within 0.1 K, except when WSAT data were continuously missing for over three weeks. However, if satellite SSTs were not bias adjusted prior to analysis, seasonally varying zonal average differences were observed, with maxima of similar to 0.3 K occurring at midlatitudes. Thus, WSAT can be used to continue the microwave-based DOISST time series because the methodology compensates for the different equatorial crossing times of the two satellites. C1 [Banzon, Viva F.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, NESDIS, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Reynolds, Richard W.] Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. RP Banzon, VF (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, NESDIS, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM viva.banzon@noaa.gov RI Banzon, Viva/D-5499-2014 FU NASA Earth Science MEaSUREs DISCOVER Project; National Science Foundation (NSF); AMSR-E Science Team; NASA Earth Science Physical Oceanography Program FX The AMSR-E and WindSAT SSTs are produced by Remote Sensing Systems under the sponsorship of the NASA Earth Science MEaSUREs DISCOVER Project, the AMSR-E Science Team, and the NASA Earth Science Physical Oceanography Program. The WindSat temperature data record is provided to RSS by Peter Gaiser at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C. The ICOADS data are from the Research Data Archive (RDA), which is maintained by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF). The original ICOADS data are available from the research data archive (http://rda.ucar.edu) in dataset ds540.0. The comments of Dr. Deborah Smith at Remote Sensing Systems and two anonymous reviewers helped improve the manuscript with their excellent comments. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 8 BP 2557 EP 2562 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00628.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 130XX UT WOS:000317954700010 ER PT J AU Hu, ZZ Kumar, A Ren, HL Wang, H L'Heureux, M Jin, FF AF Hu, Zeng-Zhen Kumar, Arun Ren, Hong-Li Wang, Hui L'Heureux, Michelle Jin, Fei-Fei TI Weakened Interannual Variability in the Tropical Pacific Ocean since 2000 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; EL-NINO; ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; DECADAL VARIABILITY; RECHARGE PARADIGM; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; UNIFIED VIEW; ENSO AB An interdecadal shift in the variability and mean state of the tropical Pacific Ocean is investigated within the context of changes in El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Compared with 1979-99, the interannual variability in the tropical Pacific was significantly weaker in 2000-11, and this shift can be seen by coherent changes in both the tropical atmosphere and ocean. For example, the equatorial thermocline tilt became steeper during 2000-11, which was consistent with positive (negative) sea surface temperature anomalies, increased (decreased) precipitation, and enhanced (suppressed) convection in the western (central and eastern) tropical Pacific, which reflected an intensification of the Walker circulation. The combination of a steeper thermocline slope with stronger surface trade winds is proposed to have hampered the eastward migration of the warm water along the equatorial Pacific. As a consequence, the variability of the warm water volume was reduced and thus ENSO amplitude also decreased. Sensitivity experiments with the Zebiak-Cane model confirm the link between thermocline slope, wind stress, and the amplitude of ENSO. C1 [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Kumar, Arun; Wang, Hui; L'Heureux, Michelle] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Ren, Hong-Li; Jin, Fei-Fei] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Ren, Hong-Li] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Lab Climate Studies, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Hui] WYLE Sci Technol & Engn Grp, Mclean, VA USA. RP Hu, ZZ (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM zeng-zhen.hu@noaa.gov RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011; Wang, Hui/B-6516-2008 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400; FU DOE [DE-SC0005110]; 973 Program of China [2010CB950404]; NOAA [NA10OAR4310200]; National Science Foundation [ATM 1034798] FX We appreciate the comments and suggestions from the reviewers, as well as Soon-II An, Rong-Hua Zhang, Wanqiu Wang, Peitao Peng, Caihong Wen, and Jian Li. Ren and Jin are supported by DOE Grant DE-SC0005110, the 973 Program of China (2010CB950404), NOAA Grant NA10OAR4310200, and National Science Foundation Grant ATM 1034798. NR 51 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 8 BP 2601 EP 2613 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00265.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 130XX UT WOS:000317954700013 ER PT J AU Knaff, JA DeMaria, M Sampson, CR Peak, JE Cummings, J Schubert, WH AF Knaff, John A. DeMaria, Mark Sampson, Charles R. Peak, James E. Cummings, James Schubert, Wayne H. TI Upper Oceanic Energy Response to Tropical Cyclone Passage SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; INTENSITY PREDICTION SCHEME; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; HURRICANE GILBERT; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; THERMAL STRUCTURE; DATA ASSIMILATION; PART I; VARIABILITY AB The upper oceanic temporal response to tropical cyclone (TC) passage is investigated using a 6-yr daily record of data-driven analyses of two measures of upper ocean energy content based on the U.S. Navy's Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation System and TC best-track records. Composite analyses of these data at points along the TC track are used to investigate the type, magnitude, and persistence of upper ocean response to TC passage, and to infer relationships between routinely available TC information and the upper ocean response. Upper oceanic energy decreases in these metrics are shown to persist for at least 30 days-long enough to possibly affect future TCs. Results also indicate that TC kinetic energy (KE) should be considered when assessing TC impacts on the upper ocean, and that existing TC best-track structure information, which is used here to estimate KE, is sufficient for such endeavors. Analyses also lead to recommendations concerning metrics of upper ocean energy. Finally, parameterizations for the lagged, along-track, upper ocean response to TC passage are developed. These show that the sea surface temperature (SST) is best related to the KE and the latitude whereas the upper ocean energy is a function of KE, initial upper ocean energy conditions, and translation speed. These parameterizations imply that the 10-day lagged SST cooling is approximately 0.7 degrees C for a "typical'' TC at 30 degrees latitude, whereas the same storm results in 10-day (30-day) lagged decreases of upper oceanic energy by about 12 (7) kJ cm(-2) and a 0.5 degrees C (0.3 degrees C) cooling of the top 100 m of ocean. C1 [Knaff, John A.; DeMaria, Mark] NOAA, NESDIS, Reg & Mesoscale Meteorol Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Sampson, Charles R.; Peak, James E.; Cummings, James] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Schubert, Wayne H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Knaff, JA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NOAA, NESDIS, RAMMB, Campus Delivery 1375, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM john.knaff@noaa.gov RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; FU Office of Naval Research; NOAA's Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program through the National Ocean Partnership Program FX The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. The authors thank Chris Landsea and the other two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and for ultimately improving the original manuscript. This work is funded by the Office of Naval Research and NOAA's Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program through the National Ocean Partnership Program. NR 53 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 8 BP 2631 EP 2650 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00038.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 130XX UT WOS:000317954700015 ER PT J AU Zhang, C Li, GQ Usmani, A AF Zhang, Chao Li, Guo-Qiang Usmani, Asif TI Simulating the behavior of restrained steel beams to flame impingement from localized-fires SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Restrained steel beam; Flame impingement from localized fire; Thermal and mechanical behaviors; Numerical investigation ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; RESISTANCE; CONNECTION; MEMBERS AB Steel structures may be exposed to localized heating by a fire source nearby. Flame impingement from localized fire may lead to high temperatures in the exposed steel members, which may lead to structural failure. This paper numerically investigates the thermal and mechanical behaviors of restrained steel beams exposed to flame impingement from localized fires. Four steel beams with different dimensions and restraints were considered. Both developing and steady burning fires were investigated. The standard ISO834 fire was also used for comparison. The study finds that the temperature distributions within the steel beams subjected to flame impingement are highly non-uniform both across and along the beams. Along the beam length, the temperatures near the fire source may be hundreds of degrees higher than those far from the fire source. Due to different temperature distributions, the deformation mode for restrained steel beam subjected to flame impingement may be significantly different from that of a beam subjected to the standard ISO834 fire. The failure temperatures for restrained steel beams subjected to localized fires may be higher or lower than those for restrained beams subjected to the standard ISO834 fire. Reliance on the standard fire may lead to an unconservative design if the potential real fires are localized fires. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Chao] Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Chao] NIST, Natl Fire Res Lab, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Guo-Qiang] Tongji Univ, State Key Lab Disaster Reduct Civil Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [Usmani, Asif] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Zhang, C (reprint author), NIST, Natl Fire Res Lab, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chao.zhang@nist.gov; gqli@tongji.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51120185001] FX The work presented in this paper was originated at Tongji University and completed at NIST. The research work at Tongji was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China through the contract 51120185001. The support is acknowledged. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-974X J9 J CONSTR STEEL RES JI J. Constr. Steel. Res. PD APR PY 2013 VL 83 BP 156 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.02.001 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 132GW UT WOS:000318056900014 ER PT J AU Ford, JKB Durban, JW Ellis, GM Towers, JR Pilkington, JF Barrett-Lennard, LG Andrews, RD AF Ford, John K. B. Durban, John W. Ellis, Graeme M. Towers, Jared R. Pilkington, James F. Barrett-Lennard, Lance G. Andrews, Russel D. TI New insights into the northward migration route of gray whales between Vancouver Island, British Columbia, and southeastern Alaska SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Eschrichtius robustus; gray whale; migratory corridor; satellite tagging; telemetry; shore survey ID KILLER WHALES AB The route taken by northward migrating gray whales during spring between Vancouver Island and southeastern Alaska, a distance of about 575 km, has long been uncertain. It is generally believed that the whales closely follow the western, outer coastline of Haida Gwaii (formerly the Queen Charlotte Islands), an archipelago lying between Vancouver Island and southeastern Alaska, consistent with their pattern of migrating close to shore over the majority of their northward migratory corridor. By tracking satellite-tagged individuals and surveying whales from shore bases, we provide evidence that this is not the primary migratory corridor, but instead that most whales migrate through Hecate Strait and Dixon Entrance, broad waterways that lie to the east and north of Haida Gwaii. By using this route, northbound gray whales potentially face a wider range of industrial activities and developments than they would by migrating along the outer coast. C1 [Ford, John K. B.; Ellis, Graeme M.; Towers, Jared R.; Pilkington, James F.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Durban, John W.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Barrett-Lennard, Lance G.] Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver, BC V6B 3X8, Canada. [Andrews, Russel D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Andrews, Russel D.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. RP Ford, JKB (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. EM john.k.ford@dfo-mpo.gc.ca FU Canada's Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) Species at Risk program FX We thank V. Deecke and B. Gisborne for their assistance with the satellite-tagging component of this study, and C. McMillan for her assistance with shore-based observations. R. Abernethy, L. Nichol, and E. Stredulinsky helped with graphics, survey design, and data analysis. B. Duggan, G. Evans, and A. Morrissey of the Canadian Coast Guard assisted with logistics for the lightstation surveys, and light keepers G. Schweers and S. Westhaver were most hospitable and helpful to the survey crew. We thank J. Calambokidis and colleagues at Cascadia Research Collective for matching photo-identifications of the tagged gray whales to the PCFA catalog they maintain. Funding was provided by Canada's Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) Species at Risk program. Field studies were conducted under DFO Scientific Licenses MML 2006-027 and 2010-001. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 2 BP 325 EP 337 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00572.x PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 122AZ UT WOS:000317288600016 ER PT J AU Holt, MM Noren, DP Emmons, CK AF Holt, Marla M. Noren, Dawn P. Emmons, Candice K. TI An investigation of sound use and behavior in a killer whale (Orcinus orca) population to inform passive acoustic monitoring studies SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CULTURAL TRANSMISSION; WHISTLES; PACIFIC; RATES C1 [Holt, Marla M.; Noren, Dawn P.; Emmons, Candice K.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Seabird Ecol Team, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr,NMFS, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Holt, MM (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal & Seabird Ecol Team, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr,NMFS, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM marla.holt@noaa.gov FU NOAA NMFS Northwest Fisheries Science Center; NOAA NMFS Ocean Acoustics Program; National Research Council FX We thank our summer interns Anna-Maria Seibert and Christine Froschl for field support and scoring the acoustic data. Brad Hanson and Mike Ford provided helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. Funding was provided by the NOAA NMFS Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA NMFS Ocean Acoustics Program and the National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship Program. Data were collected under U.S. NMFS Office of Protected Resources Research Permit No. 781-1824-00 and Department of Fisheries & Oceans, Canada Species at Risk Act/Marine Mammal License MML 2007-08/SARA-68 & MML 2008 05/SARA-85. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 2 BP E193 EP E202 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00599.x PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 122AZ UT WOS:000317288600010 ER PT J AU Mizroch, SA Rice, DW AF Mizroch, Sally A. Rice, Dale W. TI Ocean nomads: Distribution and movements of sperm whales in the North Pacific shown by whaling data and Discovery marks SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Discovery mark; long-distance movements; North Pacific; sperm whale; Physeter macrocephalus; whaling ID PHYSETER-MACROCEPHALUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; RESIDENCY AB We investigated the distribution and movements of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in the North Pacific by analyzing whaling data and movement data of whales marked with Discovery marks. Prior studies suggested that there were discrete stocks of sperm whales, assuming that the intervals between historical areas of concentration indicated subpopulation boundaries. Our analyses clearly refute this assumption: whaling and marking data suggest no obvious divisions between separate demes or stocks within the North Pacific. Sperm whales appear to be nomadic and show widespread movements between areas of concentration, with documented movements of over 5,000km, time spans between marking and recovery over 20yr, and ranges that cover many thousand km2. Males appear to range more widely than females. Sperm whales likely travel in response to geographical and temporal variations in the abundance of medium- and large-sized pelagic squids, their primary prey. Our analyses demonstrate that males and females concentrated seasonally in the Subtropical Frontal Zone (ca. 28oN34oN) and the Subarctic Frontal Zone (ca. 40oN43oN), and males also concentrated seasonally near the Aleutian Islands and along the Bering Sea shelf edge. It appears that the sperm whales targeted by the pelagic whalers range widely across this ocean basin. C1 [Mizroch, Sally A.; Rice, Dale W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Mizroch, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM sally.mizroch@noaa.gov RI Mizroch, Sally/M-6084-2016 OI Mizroch, Sally/0000-0002-1736-5909 NR 69 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 2 BP E136 EP E165 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00601.x PG 30 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 122AZ UT WOS:000317288600007 ER PT J AU Moore, M Andrews, R Austin, T Bailey, J Costidis, A George, C Jackson, K Pitchford, T Landry, S Ligon, A McLellan, W Morin, D Smith, J Rotstein, D Rowles, T Slay, C Walsh, M AF Moore, Michael Andrews, Russel Austin, Trevor Bailey, James Costidis, Alex George, Clay Jackson, Katie Pitchford, Tom Landry, Scott Ligon, Allan McLellan, William Morin, David Smith, Jamison Rotstein, David Rowles, Teresa Slay, Chris Walsh, Michael TI Rope trauma, sedation, disentanglement, and monitoring-tag associated lesions in a terminally entangled North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE right whale; Eubalaena glacialis; entanglement; trauma; shark predation; tag ID TRICHECHUS-MANATUS-LATIROSTRIS; WATERCRAFT; MOVEMENTS; SEA AB A chronically entangled North Atlantic right whale, with consequent emaciation was sedated, disentangled to the extent possible, administered antibiotics, and satellite tag tracked for six subsequent days. It was found dead 11 d after the tag ceased transmission. Chronic constrictive deep rope lacerations and emaciation were found to be the proximate cause of death, which may have ultimately involved shark predation. A broadhead cutter and a spring-loaded knife used for disentanglement were found to induce moderate wounds to the skin and blubber. The telemetry tag, with two barbed shafts partially penetrating the blubber was shed, leaving barbs embedded with localized histological reaction. One of four darts administered shed the barrel, but the needle was found postmortem in the whale with an 80o bend at the blubber-muscle interface. This bend occurred due to epaxial muscle movement relative to the overlying blubber, with resultant necrosis and cavitation of underlying muscle. This suggests that rigid, implanted devices that span the cetacean blubber muscle interface, where the muscle moves relative to the blubber, could have secondary health impacts. Thus we encourage efforts to develop new tag telemetry systems that do not penetrate the subdermal sheath, but still remain attached for many months. C1 [Moore, Michael] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Andrews, Russel] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Andrews, Russel] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Austin, Trevor] Paxarms, Timaru, New Zealand. [Bailey, James] Touro Univ Nevada, Henderson, NV 89014 USA. [Costidis, Alex] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [George, Clay] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Nongame Conservat Sect, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA. [Jackson, Katie; Pitchford, Tom] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Landry, Scott] Provincetown Ctr Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA 02657 USA. [Ligon, Allan] Bridger Consulting, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [McLellan, William] UNC Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Morin, David; Smith, Jamison] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. [Rotstein, David] Consulting Vet Pathologist, Olney, MD 20832 USA. [Rowles, Teresa] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Slay, Chris] Coastwise Consulting Inc, Athens, GA 30601 USA. [Walsh, Michael] Univ Florida, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Moore, M (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM mmoore@whoi.edu RI sebastianovitsch, stepan/G-8507-2013; Moore, Michael/E-1707-2015 OI Moore, Michael/0000-0003-3074-6631 FU NOAA [NA09OAR4320129, PO EA133F09SE4792]; M. S. Worthington Foundation; North Pond Foundation; Sloan and Hardwick Simmons; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Marine Mammal Center FX We gratefully acknowledge the collaborative efforts of Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, EcoHealth Alliance, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, NOAA SE and NE Regions, Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies, Georgia Aquarium, St. Johns County Beach Services, Environmental Division and Public Works Department, Hubb's Sea World Research Institute, Aquatic Animal Health Program University of Florida, Barb Zoodsma, Tricia Naessig, Susan Barco, Megan Stolen, Denise Boyd, and many others who assisted with the disentanglement and necropsy of this complex case. Funding from NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA09OAR4320129, PO EA133F09SE4792, M. S. Worthington Foundation, North Pond Foundation, Sloan and Hardwick Simmons, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Marine Mammal Center. The research and disentanglement work reported here was conducted under National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration Permit 932-1905-00/MA-009526 issued to Dr Teresa Rowles. We appreciate the thoughtful comments of reviewers. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 2 BP E98 EP E113 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00591.x PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 122AZ UT WOS:000317288600006 ER PT J AU Holland, WS Bintley, D Chapin, EL Chrysostomou, A Davis, GR Dempsey, JT Duncan, WD Fich, M Friberg, P Halpern, M Irwin, KD Jenness, T Kelly, BD MacIntosh, MJ Robson, EI Scott, D Ade, PAR Atad-Ettedgui, E Berry, DS Craig, SC Gao, X Gibb, AG Hilton, GC Hollister, MI Kycia, JB Lunney, DW McGregor, H Montgomery, D Parkes, W Tilanus, RPJ Ullom, JN Walther, CA Walton, AJ Woodcraft, AL Amiri, M Atkinson, D Burger, B Chuter, T Coulson, IM Doriese, WB Dunare, C Economou, F Niemack, MD Parsons, HAL Reintsema, CD Sibthorpe, B Smail, I Sudiwala, R Thomas, HS AF Holland, W. S. Bintley, D. Chapin, E. L. Chrysostomou, A. Davis, G. R. Dempsey, J. T. Duncan, W. D. Fich, M. Friberg, P. Halpern, M. Irwin, K. D. Jenness, T. Kelly, B. D. MacIntosh, M. J. Robson, E. I. Scott, D. Ade, P. A. R. Atad-Ettedgui, E. Berry, D. S. Craig, S. C. Gao, X. Gibb, A. G. Hilton, G. C. Hollister, M. I. Kycia, J. B. Lunney, D. W. McGregor, H. Montgomery, D. Parkes, W. Tilanus, R. P. J. Ullom, J. N. Walther, C. A. Walton, A. J. Woodcraft, A. L. Amiri, M. Atkinson, D. Burger, B. Chuter, T. Coulson, I. M. Doriese, W. B. Dunare, C. Economou, F. Niemack, M. D. Parsons, H. A. L. Reintsema, C. D. Sibthorpe, B. Smail, I. Sudiwala, R. Thomas, H. S. TI SCUBA-2: the 10 000 pixel bolometer camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE instrumentation: detectors; submillimetre: general ID TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; STAR-FORMATION; SUBMILLIMETER ASTRONOMY; MILLIMETER; EVOLUTION; ARCHIVE; DEBRIS AB Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array 2 (SCUBA-2) is an innovative 10 000 pixel bolometer camera operating at submillimetre wavelengths on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). The camera has the capability to carry out wide-field surveys to unprecedented depths, addressing key questions relating to the origins of galaxies, stars and planets. With two imaging arrays working simultaneously in the atmospheric windows at 450 and 850 mu m, the vast increase in pixel count means that SCUBA-2 maps the sky 100-150 times faster than the previous SCUBA instrument. In this paper, we present an overview of the instrument, discuss the physical characteristics of the superconducting detector arrays, outline the observing modes and data acquisition, and present the early performance figures on the telescope. We also showcase the capabilities of the instrument via some early examples of the science SCUBA-2 that have already been undertaken. In 2012 February, SCUBA-2 began a series of unique legacy surveys for the JCMT community. These surveys will take 2.5 yr and the results are already providing complementary data to the shorter wavelength, shallower, larger area surveys from Herschel. The SCUBA-2 surveys will also provide a wealth of information for further study with new facilities such as ALMA, and future telescopes such as CCAT and SPICA. C1 [Holland, W. S.; Duncan, W. D.; Kelly, B. D.; MacIntosh, M. J.; Robson, E. I.; Atad-Ettedgui, E.; Gao, X.; Lunney, D. W.; McGregor, H.; Montgomery, D.; Atkinson, D.; Sibthorpe, B.] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Holland, W. S.; Hollister, M. I.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Bintley, D.; Chapin, E. L.; Chrysostomou, A.; Davis, G. R.; Dempsey, J. T.; Friberg, P.; Jenness, T.; Berry, D. S.; Craig, S. C.; Tilanus, R. P. J.; Walther, C. A.; Chuter, T.; Coulson, I. M.; Economou, F.; Parsons, H. A. L.; Thomas, H. S.] Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Chapin, E. L.; Halpern, M.; Scott, D.; Gibb, A. G.; Amiri, M.; Burger, B.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Duncan, W. D.; Irwin, K. D.; Hilton, G. C.; Ullom, J. N.; Doriese, W. B.; Niemack, M. D.; Reintsema, C. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fich, M.; Kycia, J. B.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Ade, P. A. R.; Woodcraft, A. L.; Sudiwala, R.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Parkes, W.; Walton, A. J.; Dunare, C.] Univ Edinburgh, Scottish Microelect Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, Midlothian, Scotland. [Smail, I.] Univ Durham, Inst Computat Cosmol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Holland, WS (reprint author), Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. EM wayne.holland@stfc.ac.uk RI Walton, Anthony/A-1550-2010; gao, xiaofeng/D-4825-2014; Smail, Ian/M-5161-2013; OI Smail, Ian/0000-0003-3037-257X; Berry, David/0000-0001-6524-2447; Scott, Douglas/0000-0002-6878-9840; Economou, Frossie/0000-0002-8333-7615; Jenness, Tim/0000-0001-5982-167X FU Canada Foundation for Innovation FX The JCMT is operated by the Joint Astronomy Centre on behalf of the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands Organization for Pure Research and the National Research Council of Canada. Additional funds for the construction of SCUBA-2 were provided by the Canada Foundation for Innovation. NR 51 TC 133 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD APR PY 2013 VL 430 IS 4 BP 2513 EP 2533 DI 10.1093/mnras/sts612 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 136CZ UT WOS:000318339700001 ER PT J AU Miksis-Olds, JL Stabeno, PJ Napp, JM Pinchuk, AI Nystuen, JA Warren, JD Denes, SL AF Miksis-Olds, Jennifer L. Stabeno, Phyllis J. Napp, Jeffery M. Pinchuk, Alexei I. Nystuen, Jeffrey A. Warren, Joseph D. Denes, Samuel L. TI Ecosystem response to a temporary sea ice retreat in the Bering Sea: Winter 2009 SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ANTARCTIC KRILL; ACOUSTIC-SCATTERING; ZOOPLANKTON; EASTERN; ABUNDANCE; SHELF AB Adding acoustic systems onto ocean moorings and observatories provides additional data to more fully document ecosystem responses to environmental perturbations. A passive acoustic recorder and three-frequency echosounder system were integrated into a biophysical mooring on the central eastern Bering Sea continental shelf. An unexpected, transient, mid-winter retreat of the seasonal sea ice was observed over the mooring for a 2-week period in March 2009. Interpretation of the passive acoustic data provided information about sea ice conditions and included the detection and identification of vocalizing marine mammals, while the acoustic backscatter provided information on relative zooplankton and fish abundance before, during, and after the retreat. Hydrographic data confirmed the acoustic signal was associated with changing surface ice conditions, and the combined information from the biophysical mooring sensors revealed changes in winter trophic level dynamics during the retreat, which would have otherwise been undetected by traditional ship-based observations. Changes in the acoustic environment, zooplankton dynamics, and acoustic detection of marine mammals were observed amidst a physically stable and uniform water column with no indication of a phytoplankton bloom. These data demonstrate the value of acoustic technologies to monitor changing ecosystems dynamics in remote and hazardous locations. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Miksis-Olds, Jennifer L.; Denes, Samuel L.] Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16803 USA. [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Napp, Jeffery M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Pinchuk, Alexei I.] Univ Alaska, Juneau Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Div Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Nystuen, Jeffrey A.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Warren, Joseph D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Southampton, NY 11968 USA. RP Miksis-Olds, JL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16803 USA. EM jlm91@psu.edu; Phyllis.Stabeno@noaa.gov; jeff.napp@noaa.gov; aipinchuk@alaska.edu; nystuen@apl.washington.edu; joe.warren@stonybrook.edu; sld980@psu.edu FU NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity program (NPCREP); North Pacific Research Board's Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program (BSIERP); ONR Marine Mammal Program [N000140810391, N000140810394]; ONR Award [N000140910484]; National Science Foundation [ARC-0816805] FX We thank Carol Dewitt, Bill Floering, and Rick Miller from Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA for their efforts in the deployment, maintenance, and data collection from the NOAA EcoFOCI mooring. Thanks are also extended to the captain and crews of the NOAA ships and contract vessels that deployed and retrieved the mooring instruments. Sigrid Salo provided the satellite images, and Russell Hawkins wrote the Matlab code for the Kruskal-Wallis tests. Support for the moorings and hydrographic data collected by PJS and JMN were supported by NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity program (NPCREP) and the North Pacific Research Board's Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program (BSIERP). JLMO was supported by the ONR Marine Mammal Program under Awards N000140810391 and N000140810394. JDW was supported in part by ONR Award N000140910484. BEST-BSIERP research was conducted on the USCGC Healy with technical support from the captain, crew and UNOLS technicians. The efforts were funded by National Science Foundation award number ARC-0816805. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. This is research contribution number 3867 from the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, No. 350 from the North Pacific Research Board, and No. 062 from the BEST/SSIERP Bering Sea Project. This research is contribution EcoFOCI-0787 to NOAA's Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD APR PY 2013 VL 111 BP 38 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2012.10.010 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 134IN UT WOS:000318203700003 ER PT J AU Greybush, SJ Kalnay, E Hoffman, MJ Wilson, RJ AF Greybush, Steven J. Kalnay, Eugenia Hoffman, Matthew J. Wilson, R. John TI Identifying Martian atmospheric instabilities and their physical origins using bred vectors SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Martian atmosphere; weather and climate of Mars; predictability; kinetic energy equation; baroclinic and barotropic instabilities; ensemble forecasting ID MARS GLOBAL SURVEYOR; LINEAR BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; DATA ASSIMILATION; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; DUST STORMS; THERMAL STRUCTURE; TRAVELING-WAVES; KALMAN FILTER; TIDES AB The bred vector (BV) technique applied to the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Mars General Circulation Model (MGCM) identifies regions and seasons of instability of the Martian atmosphere, and a kinetic energy equation applied to the control and perturbed states elucidates their physical origins. Instabilities prominent in the late autumn to early spring seasons of each hemisphere along the polar temperature front result from baroclinic conversions from BV potential to BV kinetic energy near the surface, whereas both baroclinic and barotropic conversions play a role for the westerly jets aloft. The low-level tropics and the northern hemisphere summer are relatively stable, with negative bred vector growth rates. Bred vector growth precedes initiation of travelling wave activity in the midlatitudes during the transition seasons, and their structure relates to the eddy field. Topography plays a role in determining favoured locations for near-surface instabilities. Bred vectors are also linked to forecast ensemble spread in data assimilation and help explain the growth of forecast errors. We finally note that the ability to use breeding to identify instabilities as well as their physical origin depends on the fact that both the control and the perturbed solutions that give rise to bred vectors satisfy exactly the model's governing equations. As a result, this approach can be used with any dynamical system represented by a model. Copyright (c) 2012 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Greybush, Steven J.; Kalnay, Eugenia] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kalnay, Eugenia] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kalnay, Eugenia] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hoffman, Matthew J.] Rochester Inst Technol, Sch Math Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Wilson, R. John] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Greybush, SJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM greybush@atmos.umd.edu OI Kalnay, Eugenia/0000-0002-9984-9906 FU NASA [NNX07AM97G, NNX11AL25G]; Glenadore and Howard L. Pim Fellowship at Johns Hopkins University FX We are grateful to Ross Hoffman, Isidoro Orlanski, Kayo Ide, Takemasa Miyoshi, Janusz Eluszkiewicz, Tim McConnochie, and the UMD Weather Chaos Group for their helpful suggestions. This work was supported by NASA grants NNX07AM97G and NNX11AL25G and the Glenadore and Howard L. Pim Fellowship at Johns Hopkins University. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2013 VL 139 IS 672 BP 639 EP 653 DI 10.1002/qj.1990 PN A PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 130QK UT WOS:000317933600007 ER PT J AU Crosson, S AF Crosson, Scott TI The impact of empowering scientific advisory committees to constrain catch limits in US fisheries SO SCIENCE AND PUBLIC POLICY LA English DT Article DE fisheries; science policy; principal-agent theory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Magnuson-Stevens Act ID MANAGEMENT COUNCILS; AMERICAN SHAD; UNITED-STATES; RECOVERY; SCIENCE; STOCKS; OCEAN AB Following a 2006 revision to the US Magnuson-Stevens Act, the eight Fishery Management Councils that manage the nation's stocks have been restricted from setting regional catch levels that exceed the recommendations of their primary scientific advisory committees. This paper reviews the impact of that new requirement using principal-agent theory. After demonstrating that the advisory committees are still agents of the Councils, I show that the process of managing federal fisheries stocks now requires a lengthy dialogue between the two groups revolving around issues of risk tolerance, management buffers, and data availability that has resulted in the development of explicit rules for setting biological boundaries on catch. C1 NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Crosson, S (reprint author), NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM scott.crosson@noaa.gov OI Crosson, Scott/0000-0002-8126-1282 NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0302-3427 EI 1471-5430 J9 SCI PUBL POLICY JI Sci. Public Policy PD APR PY 2013 VL 40 IS 2 DI 10.1093/scipol/scs104 PG 13 WC Management; Planning & Development; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 130CR UT WOS:000317890800009 ER PT J AU Wang, X Wang, CZ Zhou, W Liu, L Wang, DX AF Wang, Xin Wang, Chunzai Zhou, Wen Liu, Lin Wang, Dongxiao TI Remote influence of North Atlantic SST on the equatorial westerly wind anomalies in the western Pacific for initiating an El Nino event: an Atmospheric General Circulation Model Study SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE climate; El Nino onset; ENSO; westerly wind bursts ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; AIR-TEMPERATURE; ENSO; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; MONSOON; IMPACT AB This article uses an atmospheric general circulation model to show that the cooler North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies in summer can produce a Rossby wave-like teleconnection pattern strengthening the Siberian High in winter and next spring. The stronger Siberian High enhances the continent northerlies over East Asia and the associated cyclonic circulation over the western North Pacific, which provides a tropical westerly background for occurrence of the westerly wind bursts. The stronger northerlies over East Asia can also induce frequent cold surges, which tend to produce the equatorial westerly wind anomalies in the western Pacific for initiating an El Nino event. Copyright. (C) 2013 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Wang, Xin] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Wang, Xin; Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Wang, Xin; Wang, Dongxiao] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Wen] City Univ Hong Kong, Sch Energy & Environm, Guy Carpenter Asia Pacific Climate Impact Ctr, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Liu, Lin] State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 1, Ctr Ocean & Climate Res, Qingdao, Peoples R China. RP Wang, X (reprint author), NOAA, Div Oceanog, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Xin.Wang.AOML@noaa.gov RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; Wang, Xin/B-4624-2012; WANG, DongXiao/B-4445-2012; Zhou, Wen/C-3750-2012 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Zhou, Wen/0000-0002-3297-4841 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB950304, 2013CB430301]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40906010, 41175079]; Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) FX This work was supported by National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB950304 and 2013CB430301), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40906010 and 41175079), the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office and the base funding of NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML). NR 24 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1530-261X J9 ATMOS SCI LETT JI Atmos. Sci. Lett. PD APR-JUN PY 2013 VL 14 IS 2 BP 107 EP 111 DI 10.1002/asl2.425 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129SK UT WOS:000317862300009 ER PT J AU Satterthwaite, WH Mohr, MS O'Farrell, MR Wells, BK AF Satterthwaite, William H. Mohr, Michael S. O'Farrell, Michael R. Wells, Brian K. TI A comparison of temporal patterns in the ocean spatial distribution of California's Central Valley Chinook salmon runs SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; NORTH-AMERICA; WEST-COAST; GROWTH; POPULATION; MIGRATION; MATURATION; HISTORY; CLIMATE AB We developed a broadly applicable method for estimating stock-specific spatial distributions based on patterns in contacts per unit effort determined from data collected in ocean fisheries. The method fully accounts for fishing effort and quantifies uncertainty in total contacts due to sampling error and the effects of annual variability in size-at-age on estimated contacts with sublegal-sized fish. As a case study, we used coded-wire tag recoveries to compare ocean spatial distributions among fish from four return run timings (fall, late-fall, winter, and spring) of Chinook salmon from the Central Valley, California, USA, and explored how distributions varied annually, seasonally, and with fish age in the data-rich fall run. All runs were rarely contacted in ocean fisheries north of Cape Falcon, Oregon (45 degrees 46'N). Late-fall and winter run fish appeared relatively restricted to the south compared with fall run fish, corresponding to life history differences and highlighting the ability of spatial management to control impacts on the endangered winter run. For the fall run, the location of highest relative contacts per unit effort of age-3 fish varied across years. This variation correlated with sea surface temperature the previous summer, suggesting ocean distributions may be more responsive to the environment than previously appreciated. C1 [Satterthwaite, William H.; Mohr, Michael S.; O'Farrell, Michael R.; Wells, Brian K.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Satterthwaite, William H.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Satterthwaite, WH (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM Will.Satterthwaite@noaa.gov FU Cooperative Institute For Marine Ecosystems and Climate; California Sea Grant Ocean Protection Council; Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission FX This study was made possible by the work of numerous people who tag, collect, read, and report CWTs and maintain the database in an easily accessible format. A. Grover provided help in obtaining and interpreting data. Funding was provided by the Cooperative Institute For Marine Ecosystems and Climate, the California Sea Grant Ocean Protection Council, and the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission. This paper and analyses therein were improved by helpful comments from S. Allen, E. Anderson, S. Carlson, S. Munch, A. Shelton, A. Winship, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 31 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 70 IS 4 BP 574 EP 584 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0395 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 128EA UT WOS:000317750700008 ER PT J AU Miller, JA Teel, DJ Baptista, A Morgan, CA AF Miller, Jessica A. Teel, David J. Baptista, Antonio Morgan, Cheryl A. TI Disentangling bottom-up and top-down effects on survival during early ocean residence in a population of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB We evaluated the relative importance of "bottom-up" (production-limited) and "top-down" (predator-mediated) processes during early marine residence in a population of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the upper Columbia River, USA. We examined length, mass, and condition index of age-0 juveniles collected in the ocean during June and September across 11 years in relation to conditions in the river, estuary, and coastal ocean and to future adult returns. Characteristics of juveniles in September, but not June, were related to adult returns. During years when coastal waters were relatively cool and productive, juveniles captured in September displayed relatively low condition and reduced otolith growth compared with years when coastal waters were relatively warm and unproductive; this contrast indicates that top-down effects such as selective mortality or competition are important during early marine residence. Key physical (river plume volume during emigration) and biological (condition) variables and their interaction accounted for >95% of the variation in adult returns. Future research should focus on evaluating predators and competitors and understanding how river plume structure influences survival. C1 [Miller, Jessica A.] Oregon State Univ, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Teel, David J.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Baptista, Antonio] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Natl Sci Fdn Sci & Technol Ctr Coastal Margin Obs, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. [Morgan, Cheryl A.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Miller, JA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Jessica.Miller@oregonstate.edu OI Baptista, Antonio/0000-0002-7641-5937 FU Bonneville Power Administration [00053808, 00052946/00059479]; NSF [OCE-0424602]; NOOA's Integrated Ocean Observing System program FX We thank the Bonneville Power Administration for funding (BPA Contract No. 00053808 to Oregon State University and No. 00052946/00059479 to Oregon Health & Science University) and the efforts of vessel crew and scientists associated with data collection. D. Backus provided assistance with graphics. The Virtual Columbia River is also partially supported by NSF (OCE-0424602) and NOOA's Integrated Ocean Observing System program. L. Tomaro, L. Boatright, J. Zappa, D. Kuligowski, and D. Van Doornik provided laboratory assistance. We appreciate comments by K. Fresh, T. Hurst, L. Weitkamp, and two anonymous reviewers on previous versions of this manuscript. NR 3 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 39 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 70 IS 4 BP 617 EP 629 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0354 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 128EA UT WOS:000317750700013 ER PT J AU Lucey, SM Fogarty, MJ AF Lucey, Sean M. Fogarty, Michael J. TI Operational fisheries in New England: Linking current fishing patterns to proposed ecological production units SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem based fisheries management; New England; k-Means cluster analysis; Spatial management ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; SCIENCE; POLICY AB The Northeast US continental shelf has a rich tradition of commercial fishing. These fisheries have been managed using single species/stock assessments. Recently, there has been a movement toward a more holistic ecosystem-based management approach. This ecosystem-based approach is a departure from traditional single species management in that both spatial and multispecies considerations are paramount. To facilitate the place-based aspect of ecosystem-based management, management units are being established that take account of oceanographic, biological, and socio-economic properties. Here, we define operational fisheries for this region on the basis of landings composition by gear type and the spatial and temporal dimensions associated with them. Using vessel trip catch reports of New England commercial fishing vessels operating during 2004-2008, we defined operational fisheries using k-means clustering. The landings data from these vessels were assembled by ten minute latitude/longitude rectangles and segregated by six major gear types: otter trawls, dredges, pots, longlines, gillnets, and seines. The seasonality of each fishery was examined, as was the vessel sizes and their species catch composition. Patterns of resource usage were detected that will be useful in identifying appropriate ecosystem-based management units. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lucey, Sean M.; Fogarty, Michael J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lucey, SM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Sean.Lucey@NOAA.gov; Michael.Fogarty@NOAA.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD APR PY 2013 VL 141 SI SI BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.05.002 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 129AQ UT WOS:000317811200002 ER PT J AU Al-Humaidhi, AW Wilson, JA Young, TH AF Al-Humaidhi, Alia W. Wilson, James A. Young, Thomas H. TI The local management of migratory stocks: Implications for sustainable fisheries management SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Spatial scale; Scale mismatch; Stationary bandit; Intercept fishery; STELLA ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; FISH; RESOURCE; MICROSATELLITE; POLYMORPHISM; UNCERTAINTY; MAINE; OCEAN AB Overfishing is widely recognized as a major impediment to the long term sustainability of seafood harvests. One strategy to prevent overfishing is the use of area-based management, which attempts to match fishing areas and protected areas to important geographic and ecological boundaries for a stock. However, a mismatch between the scale of area-based management and the life cycle of a fish stock may be unavoidable and can lead to problems such as serial depletion if the management scale is larger than the stock's movements, or intercept fisheries if the management scale is smaller than the stock's movements. This project explores the conditions that may promote or prevent the formation of an intercept fishery when the scale at which the stock is managed is smaller than the scale at which the stock migrates, breeds and feeds. A theoretical computer model was designed to evaluate implications of a mismatch between the scale of a fish stock's movements and the area-based management of that stock. The model examined a fishery with stationary harvesters, a migrating stock, and a protected spawning reserve. Observations were made of how harvesters in different areas respond to varying market regimes, recruitment patterns, and costs of harvesting in order to determine what economic and environmental conditions would promote or prevent an intercept fishery in the model. Overall, the economic conditions interplay with the environmental conditions to promote or restrain an intercept fishery. Specifically, an intercept fishery was prevented when recruitment levels were low and prices were constant, as might happen in a competitive global market. When recruitment levels were high, a variable price that was sensitive to local supplies was necessary to prevent the development of an intercept fishery. The model results emphasize that in the face of a mismatch, certain market and recruitment conditions may enhance or prevent the development of an intercept fishery. A sound understanding of biological parameters, such as recruitment levels, is critical to assess the risk of a developing an intercept fishery, and some control of the economic system surrounding fish harvests, such as prices, may be necessary to prevent an intercept fishery. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Al-Humaidhi, Alia W.; Wilson, James A.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Al-Humaidhi, AW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM alia.al-humaidhi@noaa.gov; jwilson@maine.edu; orizabafarm@gmail.com FU University of Maine; Kendall Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Penobscot East Resource Center FX We wish to thank the University of Maine, Yong Chen, Teresa Johnson, the Kendall Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the Penobscot East Resource Center for their support. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD APR PY 2013 VL 141 SI SI BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.05.015 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 129AQ UT WOS:000317811200003 ER PT J AU Gurshin, CWD Howell, WH Jech, JM AF Gurshin, Christopher W. D. Howell, W. Huntting Jech, J. Michael TI Synoptic acoustic and trawl surveys of spring-spawning Atlantic cod in the Gulf of Maine cod spawning protection area SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Atlantic cod; Spawning stock biomass; Acoustic survey; Abundance estimation; Geostatistics ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; GADUS-MORHUA L.; TARGET-STRENGTH; FISHERIES ACOUSTICS; NEWFOUNDLAND WATERS; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; FISH DISTRIBUTION; SURVEY DESIGN; NORTHERN COD; WESTERN GULF AB Repeated acoustic and trawl surveys were performed in the Gulf of Maine cod spawning protection area (GOMCSPA) to: (a) describe the spatial and temporal distribution of spring-spawning Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua); (b) estimate their abundance and biomass; and (c) evaluate precision of the survey methods. A fishing vessel equipped with 38- and 120-kHz split-beam echo sounders surveyed once monthly from dusk to dawn along ten parallel transects that covered a 80.8 km(2) area during April-July 2011. During each survey, two bottom trawl vessels (one with a small mesh net and one with a large mesh net) each made ten tows in parallel behind the acoustic survey vessel. Cod abundance and biomass was derived from acoustic backscatter by a combination of methods: (1) species apportionment based on trawl catch vs. echo classification; (2) in situ vs. predicted target strength; (3) size of elementary distance sampling unit (EDSU) and statistical approach; and (4) with and without dead zone correction. The mean cod density based on echo classification and a 100-m EDSU resulted in a substantially lower coefficient of variation when the variance was estimated by geostatistics compared to any other method used. Based on echo classification, semivariogram modeling revealed that 67-77% of the variance in cod biomass density was explained by a spatial structural component at a range (correlation length) of 2.0-2.4 km. Density maps, produced by ordinary kriging, showed cod were relatively widespread in the survey area in May, but congregated at higher densities in areas adjacent to two elevated bathymetric features. Most cod converged to a single location in June, and were at a higher concentration compared to the highest densities observed in May. This congregation decreased in size and density in July. The survey estimates of cod biomass were 184-494 mt in May, 138-617 mt in June, and 39-135 mt in July. Based on echo classification, the biomass for the GOMCSPA, extrapolated from these survey estimates, were 260-466 mt in May, 196-513 mt in June, and 91-198 mt in July. These results provide some evidence that adult Atlantic cod in spawning condition congregated within the GOMCSPA during the seasonal fishing closure, and that the biomass being protected by the closure may have represented 4-5% of the GOM cod spawning stock biomass at the time of the study. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gurshin, Christopher W. D.] Normandeau Associates Inc, Portsmouth, NH 03801 USA. [Howell, W. Huntting] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Jech, J. Michael] NOAA, NMFS, NEFSC, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Gurshin, CWD (reprint author), Normandeau Associates Inc, 30 Int Dr,Suite 6, Portsmouth, NH 03801 USA. EM cgurshin@normandeau.com FU Northeast Consortium [111675] FX This study would not have been possible without the experience and generous efforts of Captains D. Goethel, C. Felch II, C. Felch III, and D. Robillard, and all of their crew. The field assistance of M. Balge, J. Bunker, W. Chaput, J. Cranney, G. Ek, A.D. Jain, T. Ford, S. Maxwell, S. Moore, D.H. Yi, and W. Zhang was greatly appreciated. We thank A.H. Hawkins for reviewing the hydrophone recording of the cod grunt and P. Petitgas for providing EVA2. This study was funded by the Northeast Consortium (Award No. 111675). NR 101 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD APR PY 2013 VL 141 SI SI BP 44 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.09.018 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 129AQ UT WOS:000317811200006 ER PT J AU Muzny, CD Huber, ML Kazakov, AF AF Muzny, Chris D. Huber, Marcia L. Kazakov, Andrei F. TI Correlation for the Viscosity of Normal Hydrogen Obtained from Symbolic Regression SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID INITIAL DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; 25 DEGREES C; GAS-MIXTURES; HEAT-CONDUCTION; BINARY-MIXTURES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; INTERNAL-FRICTION; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ABSOLUTE DETERMINATION AB We report the results of a symbolic-regression methodology to obtain both the functional form and the coefficients for a wide-ranging correlation for the viscosity of normal hydrogen. The correlation covers the temperature range from the triple-point temperature to 1000 K and pressures up to 200 MPa and extrapolates in a physically reasonable manner to 2000 K. The estimated uncertainty is 4 % for the saturated liquid from the triple point to 31 K, with larger deviations as the critical region is approached. The estimated uncertainty is 4 % for the supercritical fluid phase at pressures to 200 MPa. For the limited range of 200 K to 400 K at pressures up to 0.1 MPa, the uncertainty is 0.1 %. C1 [Muzny, Chris D.; Huber, Marcia L.; Kazakov, Andrei F.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Muzny, CD (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chris.muzny@nist.gov NR 108 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD APR PY 2013 VL 58 IS 4 BP 969 EP 979 DI 10.1021/je301273j PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 125PO UT WOS:000317553600020 ER PT J AU Schiel, JE Smith, NJ Phinney, KW AF Schiel, John E. Smith, Nicholas J. Phinney, Karen W. TI Universal proteolysis and MSn for N- and O- glycan branching analysis SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE glycoprotein; glycan; mass spectrometry; permethylation; branching ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GLYCOMICS AB The continually growing list of critical glycosylation-related processes has made analytical methodology for detailed glycan characterization an area of increasing interest. Glycosylation is a post translational modification of unsurpassed complexity due to the variety of compositions and linkages formed by these biopolymers. Structural characterization of glycan isomers has been achieved using ion trap mass spectrometry and MSn of released, permethylated glycans. However, N- and O-glycans require different sample preparation strategies; and release of the glycans may be hindered, result in degradation of the glycan, and/or produce limited yields of permethylated product. In the current report, we demonstrate universal proteolysis of both N- and O-linked glycoproteins to individual glycoamino acids. These samples were shown to be directly amenable to permethylation and MSn analysis for isomeric structural determination. Universal proteolysis and permethylation provides an identical sample preparation strategy for both classes of glycans that avoids potential pitfalls of commonly used release methods. This methodology should be applicable to all glycoproteins and serve as an alternative to glycan release for MSn branching analysis. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Schiel, John E.; Smith, Nicholas J.; Phinney, Karen W.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schiel, JE (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.schiel@nist.gov RI sebastianovitsch, stepan/G-8507-2013 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1076-5174 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD APR PY 2013 VL 48 IS 4 BP 533 EP 538 DI 10.1002/jms.3196 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 130II UT WOS:000317906900013 PM 23584946 ER PT J AU Fauquier, DA Flewelling, LJ Maucher, JM Keller, M Kinsel, MJ Johnson, CK Henry, M Gannon, JG Ramsdell, JS Landsberg, JH AF Fauquier, Deborah A. Flewelling, Leanne. J. Maucher, Jennifer M. Keller, Martha Kinsel, Michael J. Johnson, Christine K. Henry, Michael Gannon, Janet G. Ramsdell, John S. Landsberg, Jan H. TI BREVETOXICOSIS IN SEABIRDS NATURALLY EXPOSED TO KARENIA BREVIS BLOOMS ALONG THE CENTRAL WEST COAST OF FLORIDA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Brown Pelican; Double-crested Cormorant; harmful algal bloom; Karenia brevis; red tide ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; SARASOTA BAY; FISH; ELIMINATION; CIGUATOXINS; FEATURES; PBTX-3; TOXINS; RATS AB Harmful algal bloom events caused by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis occurred along the central west Florida, USA, coast from February 2005 through December 2005 and from August 2006 through December 2006. During these events, from 4 February 2005 through 28 November 2006, live, debilitated seabirds admitted for rehabilitation showed clinical signs that included disorientation, inability to stand, ataxia, and seizures. Testing of blood, biologic fluids, and tissues for brevetoxin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay found toxin present in 69% (n = 95) of rehabilitating seabirds. Twelve of the 19 species of birds had evidence of brevetoxin exposure. Commonly affected species included Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus), Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis), Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias), and Common Loons (Gavia immer). Serial blood and fecal samples taken from several live seabirds during rehabilitation showed that brevetoxin was cleared within 5-10 days after being admitted to the rehabilitation facility, depending on the species tested. Among seabirds that died or were euthanized, the highest brevetoxin concentrations were found in bile, stomach contents, and liver. Most dead birds had no significant pathologic findings at necropsy, thereby supporting brevetoxin-related mortality. C1 [Fauquier, Deborah A.; Henry, Michael; Gannon, Janet G.] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Fauquier, Deborah A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Flewelling, Leanne. J.; Landsberg, Jan H.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Maucher, Jennifer M.; Ramsdell, John S.] Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Keller, Martha] Pelican Mans Bird Sanctuary, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Kinsel, Michael J.] Univ Illinois, Zool Pathol Program, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Johnson, Christine K.] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Fauquier, DA (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. EM fauquierd@gmail.com OI Keller, Martha/0000-0002-8045-9342 FU Morris Animal Foundation; US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [91693401-0] FX We thank the staff and volunteers of Mote Marine Laboratory and Pelican Man's Bird Sanctuary, especially V. Socha. We also thank our outside reviewers, S.E. Fire, D.J. Greig, and R.S. Wells. This work was conducted under Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Permit WX05139 and was approved by Mote Marine Laboratory's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. This work was funded by Morris Animal Foundation. This publication was developed under STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement 91693401-0 awarded by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It has not been formally reviewed by EPA. The views expressed in this publication are solely those of D.A.F. and coauthors; EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. This publication does not constitute an endorsement of any commercial product or intend to be an opinion beyond scientific or other results obtained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). No reference shall be made to NOAA, or this publication furnished by NOAA, to any advertising or sales promotion that would indicate or imply that NOAA recommends or endorses any proprietary product mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an interest to cause the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this publication. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 2 BP 246 EP 260 DI 10.7589/2011-09-270 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 128YP UT WOS:000317805900005 PM 23568900 ER PT J AU Yordy, JE Rossman, S Ostrom, PH Reiner, JL Bargnesi, K Hughes, S Elliot, JD AF Yordy, Jennifer E. Rossman, Sam Ostrom, Peggy H. Reiner, Jessica L. Bargnesi, Keely Hughes, Stacy Elliot, James D. TI LEVELS OF CHLORINATED, BROMINATED, AND PERFLUORINATED CONTAMINANTS IN BIRDS OF PREY SPANNING MULTIPLE TROPHIC LEVELS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Birds of prey; contaminants; PBDEs; PCBs; PFCs; stable isotopes ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; AMERICAN-KESTRELS; FLAME RETARDANTS; GREAT-LAKES; BALD EAGLES; ENVIRONMENT; POLLUTANTS; EXPOSURE; FLORIDA AB Birds of prey occupy high trophic levels and can consequently bioaccumulate high levels of environmental contaminants. To evaluate exposure to past- and current-use pollutants, we measured legacy contaminants (i.e., polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs]; organochlorine pesticides, e.g., DDT), contaminants of emerging concern (polybrominated diphenyl ethers [PBDEs]; perfluorinated compounds [PFCs]), and stable isotopes (delta C-13, delta N-15) in 26 birds of prey (10 species) from coastal South Carolina (USA) sampled in 2009 and 2010. Nitrogen isotope ratios (delta N-15) ranged from 5.2 parts per thousand to 13.7 parts per thousand, indicating the birds of prey spanned two to three trophic levels. Legacy contaminant levels were highly variable but generally comparable to levels reported previously for birds of prey in the southeast US, suggesting exposure has not declined substantially over the past 40 yr. Despite their status as newly emerging environmental contaminants, PFC levels were within the same order of magnitude as legacy contaminants. Although PBDEs were less prevalent, levels were among the greatest observed in wildlife to date (Sigma PBDEs max. 200 mu g/g lipid). Relative contaminant profiles also varied between birds of prey utilizing low and high trophic levels; specifically PFCs contributed to a larger proportion of the contaminant burden in birds utilizing high trophic levels, whereas the legacy pesticide mirex was a larger contributor in low-trophic-level birds, indicating that relative exposure is in part dependent on foraging ecology. This study demonstrates that birds of prey continue to face exposure to legacy contaminants as well as newly emerging contaminants at levels of concern. C1 [Yordy, Jennifer E.; Reiner, Jessica L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Rossman, Sam; Ostrom, Peggy H.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bargnesi, Keely; Hughes, Stacy; Elliot, James D.] Avian Conservat Ctr, Charleston, SC 29402 USA. [Bargnesi, Keely; Hughes, Stacy; Elliot, James D.] Ctr Birds Prey, Charleston, SC 29402 USA. RP Yordy, JE (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34211 USA. EM jyordy@mote.org NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 54 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 2 BP 347 EP 354 DI 10.7589/2012-03-084 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 128YP UT WOS:000317805900015 PM 23568910 ER PT J AU Minor, C Kersh, GJ Gelatt, T Kondas, AV Pabilonia, KL Weller, CB Dickerson, BR Duncan, CG AF Minor, Cody Kersh, Gilbert J. Gelatt, Tom Kondas, Ashley V. Pabilonia, Kristy L. Weller, Christina B. Dickerson, Bobette R. Duncan, Colleen G. TI Coxiella burnetii in Northern Fur Seals and Steller Sea Lions of Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Antibody prevalence; Coxiella burnetii; marine mammals; northern fur seal; Steller sea lion ID Q-FEVER; INFECTION AB Coxiella burnetii, a zoonotic bacterium, has recently been identified in several marine mammal species on the Pacific Coast of North America, but little is known about the epidemiology, transmission, and pathogenesis in these species. We tested sera archived from northern fur seals (NFS, Callorhinus ursinus; n=236) and Steller sea lions (SSL, Eumetopias jubatus; n=72) sampled in Alaska for C. burnetii antibodies, and vaginal swabs from NFS (n=40) for C. burnetii by qPCR. The antibody prevalence in NFS samples from 2009 and 2011 (69%) was significantly higher than in 1994 (49%). The antibody prevalence of SSL samples from 2007 to 2011 was 59%. All NFS vaginal swabs were negative for C. burnetii, despite an 80% antibody prevalence in the matched sera. The significant increase in antibody prevalence in NFS from 1994 to 2011 suggests that the pathogen may be increasingly common or that there is marked temporal variation within the vulnerable NFS population. The high antibody prevalence in SSL suggests that this pathogen may also be significant in the endangered SSL population. These results confirm that C. burnetii is more prevalent within these populations than previously known. More research is needed to determine how this bacterium may affect individual, population, and reproductive health of marine mammals. C1 [Minor, Cody; Pabilonia, Kristy L.; Weller, Christina B.; Duncan, Colleen G.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kersh, Gilbert J.; Kondas, Ashley V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Gelatt, Tom; Dickerson, Bobette R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Duncan, CG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, 300 West Drake Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM colleen.duncan@colostate.edu FU US Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Animal Health and Disease Program; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX C.M. was supported by an appointment to the Merial Veterinary Scholars Program and funded by the US Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Animal Health and Disease Program. A.V.K. was supported by an appointment to the Emerging Infectious Diseases Fellowship program administered by the Association of Public Health Laboratories and funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Serum samples from NFS sub-adult males were collected with cooperation from the Aleut Community of Saint Paul Island Tribal Government. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the CDC or the Department of Health and Human Services. All tissue samples were collected under authority of US Marine Mammal Permit 782-1708 issued to the National Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, Washington, USA. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NMFS, NOAA). Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by NMFS, NOAA. We thank Katie Sweeney for creating Figure 1. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 2 BP 441 EP 446 DI 10.7589/2012-09-226 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 128YP UT WOS:000317805900030 PM 23568925 ER PT J AU Hoguet, J Keller, JM Reiner, JL Kucklick, JR Bryan, CE Moors, AJ Pugh, RS Becker, PR AF Hoguet, Jennifer Keller, Jennifer M. Reiner, Jessica L. Kucklick, John R. Bryan, Colleen E. Moors, Amanda J. Pugh, Rebecca S. Becker, Paul R. TI Spatial and temporal trends of persistent organic pollutants and mercury in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Alaska SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Beluga; Alaska; Persistent organic pollutants; Mercury; Temporal trends; Spatial trends ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; ARCTIC MARINE ECOSYSTEM; LAWRENCE-RIVER ESTUARY; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; TRANSPLACENTAL TRANSFER; FLAME RETARDANTS; SARASOTA BAY AB Remote locations, such as the Arctic, are often sinks for persistent contaminants which can ultimately bioaccumulate in local wildlife. Assessing temporal contaminant trends in the Arctic is important in understanding whether restrictions on legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have led to concentration declines. Beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) tissue samples were collected from two subpopulations (Cook Inlet, Alaska and the eastern Chukchi Sea) between 1989 and 2006. Several POPs (polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane and related compounds (DDTs), chlordanes, hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), chlorobenzenes, mirex, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and semi-quantitatively hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs)) were measured in 70 blubber samples, and total mercury (Hg) was measured in 67 liver samples from a similar set of individuals. Legacy POPs (PCBs, chlordanes, DDTs, and HCHs) were the predominant organic compound classes in both subpopulations, with median concentrations of 2360 ng/g lipid for Sigma(80)PCBs and 1890 ng/g lipid for Sigma 6DDTs. Backward stepwise multiple regressions showed that at least one of the four independent variables (subpopulation, sampling year, sex, and animal length) influenced the POP and Hg concentrations. Sigma PCBs, Sigma DDTs, Sigma chlordanes, Sigma chlorobenzenes, mirex, and Hg were significantly higher in belugas from the eastern Chukchi Sea than from the Cook Inlet (p <= 0.0001). In contrast, Sigma 8PBDE and alpha-HBCD concentrations were significantly lower in belugas from the eastern Chukchi Sea than from the Cook Inlet (p<0.0001). Significant temporal increases in concentrations of Sigma 8PBDE and alpha-HBCD were observed for both subpopulations (p <= 0.0003), and temporal declines were seen for Sigma HCHs and Sigma chlorobenzenes in eastern Chukchi Sea belugas only (p <= 0.0107). All other POP and Hg concentrations were stable, indicating either a lagging response of the Arctic to source reductions or the maintenance of concentrations by unregulated sources. Sex and length also significantly influenced some concentrations, and these findings are discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hoguet, Jennifer; Keller, Jennifer M.; Kucklick, John R.; Bryan, Colleen E.; Moors, Amanda J.; Pugh, Rebecca S.; Becker, Paul R.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Reiner, Jessica L.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Keller, JM (reprint author), Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Jennifer.Keller@noaa.gov FU Minerals Management Service, U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Division (USGS BRD); National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Office of Protected Resources; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); NMFS Alaska Region; USGS BRD Alaska Science Center FX All specimens used in this study were collected and banked through the Alaska Marine Mammal Tissue Archival Project (AMMTAP) with funding support from the Minerals Management Service, U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Division (USGS BRD), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Office of Protected Resources (Teri Bowles), and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The following individuals and organizations are acknowledged for their aid in the specimen collections and banking: Robert Suydam, North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management; Geoff Carroll, Alaska Department of Fish and Game; Barbara Mahoney, Brad Smith and Matt Eagleton, NMFS Western Alaska Field Office; Geoff York and Kristin Simak, USGS BRD; the Alaska Beluga Whale Committee; Barbara Porter and Lauren Rust, NIST Marine Environmental Specimen Bank. Funding support for the analysis was provided by the NMFS Alaska Region and the USGS BRD Alaska Science Center. NR 79 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 10 U2 115 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 449 BP 285 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.072 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 125KH UT WOS:000317538200033 PM 23435060 ER PT J AU Liang, ZB He, ZL Zhou, XX Powell, CA Yang, YG He, LM Stoffella, PJ AF Liang, Zhanbei He, Zhenli Zhou, Xuxia Powell, Charles A. Yang, Yuangen He, Li Ming Stoffella, Peter J. TI Impact of mixed land-use practices on the microbial water quality in a subtropical coastal watershed SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Surface runoff water; Fecal indicator bacteria; Salmonella; Land use; Host specific marker; Environmental parameters ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SOUTH FLORIDA; PCR ASSAY; POLLUTION; SALMONELLA; CONTAMINATION; STREAM; ASSOCIATIONS; PERSISTENCE AB Surface runoff water is an important non-point source of fecal pollution to downstream water; however, there is a lack of systematic studies on the microbial quality of surface runoff water from watersheds with mixed land uses. In this study water samples from 12 surface runoff holding water bodies (SRW), which collected runoff from various patterns of land use within the St. Lucie watershed along the southeastern coastline of Florida, were collected monthly for 22 months. The concentration of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and frequency of detection of Salmonella and host specific markers (HF183, CF128, CF193, and HS-esp) were determined, and their associations with land use, rainfall, and water physico-chemical parameters were investigated. Higher FIB concentrations were observed from urban land and cattle ranch sites. Within the same primary land use pattern, different sub-patterns did not have the same level of FIB: golf communities contributed less to fecal pollution than residential areas, and plant nursery sites contained relative higher FIB concentrations than other agricultural sites. Salmonella, CF128, and CF193 markers were more frequently detected from the cattle ranch sites. In contrast the frequency of detecting human specific markers (HF183 and HS-esp) was much higher in residential sites. Rainfall positively affected the concentration of FIB and occurrence of Salmonella, possibly by providing more inputs or mobilizing the sources from sediments. Water temperature, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and nutrient levels were positively correlated with FIB concentrations and occurrence in SRW, possibly by promoting their growth and survival. This study indicated the need for site specific mitigation strategies to improve SRW and downstream water quality. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liang, Zhanbei; He, Zhenli; Zhou, Xuxia; Powell, Charles A.; Yang, Yuangen; Stoffella, Peter J.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [He, Li Ming] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP He, ZL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM lzbei001@gmail.com; zhe@ufl.edu; zhouxx1205@163.com; capowell@ufl.edu; ygyang@ufl.edu; li-ming.he@noaa.gov; pjs@ufl.edu RI He, Zhenli/R-1494-2016 OI He, Zhenli/0000-0001-7761-2070 FU South Florida Water Management District [4600001774]; GIS FX This study was in part supported by a grant (contract#4600001774) from South Florida Water Management District. Authors acknowledge Dr. Chonggang Xu for GIS support. Special thanks are extended to anonymous reviewers whose comments improved the manuscript. NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 449 BP 426 EP 433 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.087 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 125KH UT WOS:000317538200049 PM 23454704 ER PT J AU Clark, AJ Gao, JD Marsh, PT Smith, T Kain, JS Correia, J Xue, M Kong, FY AF Clark, Adam J. Gao, Jidong Marsh, Patrick T. Smith, Travis Kain, John S. Correia, James, Jr. Xue, Ming Kong, Fanyou TI Tornado Pathlength Forecasts from 2010 to 2011 Using Ensemble Updraft Helicity SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; VARIATIONAL STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; TURBULENCE CLOSURE-MODEL; PREDICTION SYSTEM ARPS; YAMADA LEVEL-3 MODEL; PART I; REGIONAL PREDICTION; MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; RECURSIVE FILTERS; NUMERICAL ASPECTS AB Examining forecasts from the Storm Scale Ensemble Forecast (SSEF) system run by the Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms for the 2010 NOAA/Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Forecasting Experiment, recent research diagnosed a strong relationship between the cumulative pathlengths of simulated rotating storms (measured using a three-dimensional object identification algorithm applied to forecast updraft helicity) and the cumulative pathlengths of tornadoes. This paper updates those results by including data from the 2011 SSEF system, and illustrates forecast examples from three major 2011 tornado outbreaks-16 and 27 April, and 24 May-as well as two forecast failure cases from June 2010. Finally, analysis updraft helicity (UH) from 27 April 2011 is computed using a three-dimensional variational data assimilation system to obtain 1.25-km grid-spacing analyses at 5-min intervals and compared to forecast UH from individual SSEF members. C1 [Clark, Adam J.; Marsh, Patrick T.; Smith, Travis; Correia, James, Jr.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Clark, Adam J.; Gao, Jidong; Marsh, Patrick T.; Smith, Travis; Kain, John S.] NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Marsh, Patrick T.; Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Correia, James, Jr.] NOAA Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Xue, Ming; Kong, Fanyou] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Clark, AJ (reprint author), NSSL FRDD, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM adam.clark@noaa.gov RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce; NOAA Collaborative Science, Technology, and Applied Research (CSTAR) Program; NSF [AGS-0802888, OCI-0905040, AGS-0941491, AGS-1046171, AGS-1046081] FX Funding for AJC, PTM, and JC was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. CAPS SSEF forecasts were supported by the NOAA Collaborative Science, Technology, and Applied Research (CSTAR) Program with supplementary support from NSF Grant AGS-0802888. M. Xue was supported by NSF Grants OCI-0905040, AGS-0941491, AGS-1046171, and AGS-1046081. CAPS forecasts were supported by an allocation of advanced computing resources provided by the National Science Foundation. The computations were performed on Athena (a Cray XT4) at the National Institute for Computational Science (http://www.nics.tennessee.edu/). CAPS utilized resources from the OU Supercomputing Center for Research and Education for ensemble postprocessing. Many scientists at CAPS, including Kevin Thomas, Yunheng Wang, Keith Brewster, Xuguang Wang, and Jerry Brotzge, contributed to the design and production of the CAPS ensemble forecasts. Christopher Karstens helped with displaying GIS tornado track data, and the comments/suggestions from two anonymous reviewers were very helpful in improving the manuscript. NR 58 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2013 VL 28 IS 2 BP 387 EP 407 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00038.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 128XY UT WOS:000317804200006 ER PT J AU Blanchard, DO AF Blanchard, David O. TI A Comparison of Wind Speed and Forest Damage Associated with Tornadoes in Northern Arizona SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID NORWAY SPRUCE; SIMPLE-MODEL; SNOW DAMAGE; SCOTS PINE; CLIMATOLOGY; BIRCH AB Damage surveys in the aftermath of tornadoes occurring in the forested regions of the Mogollon Rim in northern Arizona have been assessed using the enhanced Fujita scale (EF scale) damage indicator (DI) and degree of damage (DOD) tables. These surveys often revealed different DODs within close proximity as well as different spatial patterns and areal extent of tree damage exhibiting the same DOD, making the determination of wind speed and EF-scale ratings challenging. A localized tornado outbreak occurred across northern Arizona on 6 October 2010, producing at least 11 tornadoes and substantial areas of forest damage. Remarkably, one of these tornadoes passed over a three-dimensional sonic anemometer. Wind data from this sensor are compared with tree damage in the adjacent forest to assess the performance of the EF-scale metrics for damage to trees. C1 [Blanchard, David O.] NOAA Natl Weather Serv, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Blanchard, DO (reprint author), NOAA Natl Weather Serv, POB 16057, Bellemont, AZ 86001 USA. EM david.o.blanchard@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2013 VL 28 IS 2 BP 408 EP 417 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00046.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 128XY UT WOS:000317804200007 ER PT J AU Peng, PT Barnston, AG Kumar, A AF Peng, Peitao Barnston, Anthony G. Kumar, Arun TI A Comparison of Skill between Two Versions of the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFS) and CPC's Operational Short-Lead Seasonal Outlooks SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; EL-NINO; PREDICTION; TEMPERATURE AB Analyses of the relative prediction skills of NOAA's Climate Forecast System versions 1 and 2 (CFSv1 and CFSv2, respectively), and the NOAA/Climate Prediction Center's (CPC) operational seasonal outlook, are conducted over the 15-yr common period of 1995-2009. The analyses are applied to predictions of seasonal mean surface temperature and total precipitation over the conterminous United States for the shortest and most commonly used lead time of 0.5 months. The assessments include both categorical and probabilistic verification diagnostics-their seasonalities, spatial distributions, and probabilistic reliability. Attribution of skill to specific physical sources is attempted when possible. Motivations for the analyses are to document improvements in skill between two generations of NOAA's dynamical seasonal prediction system and to inform the forecast producers, but more importantly the user community, of the skill of the CFS model now in use (CFSv2) to help guide the users' decision-making processes. The CFSv2 model is found to deliver generally higher mean predictive skill than CFSv1. This result is strongest for surface temperature predictions, and may be related to the use of time-evolving CO2 concentration in CFSv2, in contrast to a fixed (and now outdated) concentration used in CFSv1. CFSv2, and especially CFSv1, exhibit more forecast "over-confidence" than the official seasonal outlooks, despite that the CFSv2 hindcasts have outperformed the outlooks more than half of the time. Results justify the greater weight given to CFSv2 in developing the final outlooks than given to previous dynamical input tools (e.g., CFSv1) and indicate that CFSv2 should be of greater interest to users. C1 [Peng, Peitao; Kumar, Arun] NOAA Climate Predict Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Barnston, Anthony G.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM arun.kumar@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2013 VL 28 IS 2 BP 445 EP 462 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00057.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 128XY UT WOS:000317804200010 ER PT J AU Lakshmanan, V Hondl, K Potvin, CK Preignitz, D AF Lakshmanan, Valliappa Hondl, Kurt Potvin, Corey K. Preignitz, David TI An Improved Method for Estimating Radar Echo-Top Height SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB It is demonstrated that the traditional method, in widespread use on Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) and other radar systems, to compute echo-top heights results in both under- and over-estimates. It is proposed that echo tops be computed by interpolating between elevation scans that bracket the echo-top threshold. The traditional and proposed techniques are evaluated using simulated radar samples of a modeled thunderstorm and by sampling a high-resolution range height indicator (RHI) of a real thunderstorm. It is shown that the proposed method results in smaller errors when higher-elevation scans are available. C1 [Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Potvin, Corey K.; Preignitz, David] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Hondl, Kurt; Potvin, Corey K.; Preignitz, David] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Lakshmanan, V (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM lakshman@ou.edu FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Research Council postdoctoral award at NSSL FX Funding for V. Lakshmanan and D. Preignitz was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. C. Potvin was supported by a National Research Council postdoctoral award at NSSL. We thank Ben Baranowski, Chris Porter, Brent Shaw, and Beth Clarke of Weather Decision Technologies (WDT) for posing the question-of why WDSS-II echo-top heights were different from those in the level III stream-that prompted this note. Finally, we wish to thank Don Burgess, Rodger Brown, and Vincent Wood of NSSL for their helpful comments during the preparation of this manuscript. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2013 VL 28 IS 2 BP 481 EP 488 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00084.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 128XY UT WOS:000317804200012 ER PT J AU Le Marshall, J Seecamp, R Xiao, Y Gregory, P Jung, J Stienle, P Skinner, T Tingwell, C Le, T AF Le Marshall, John Seecamp, Rolf Xiao, Yi Gregory, Paul Jung, Jim Stienle, Peter Skinner, Terry Tingwell, Chris Le, Tan TI The Operational Generation of Continuous Winds in the Australian Region and Their Assimilation with 4DVAR SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC MOTION VECTORS; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; SYSTEM; IMPACT AB Atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) have been generated continuously from Multifunctional Transport Satellite 1 Replacement (MTSAT-1R) radiance data (imagery) since 2005, and more recently from MTSAT-2, which are operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). These are the primary geostationary meteorological satellites observing the western Pacific, Asia, and the Australian region. The vectors are used operationally, for analysis in the Darwin Regional Forecast Office. The near-continuous AMVs have been stringently error characterized and used in near-real-time trials to gauge their impact on operational regional numerical weather prediction (NWP), using four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVAR). The use of these locally generated hourly vectors (the only hourly AMY source in the region at the time) and 4DVAR has resulted in both improved temporal and spatial data coverage in the operational regional forecast domain. The beneficial impact of these data on the Bureau of Meteorology's (Bureau's) current operational system is described. After these trials, the hourly MTSAT AMVs were introduced into the Bureau's National Meteorological and Oceanographic Centre's (NMOC) operational NWP suite for use by the operational Australian Community Climate Earth System Simulator (ACCESS) regional and global models, ACCESS-R and ACCESS-G, respectively. Examples of their positive impact on both midlatitude and tropical cyclone forecasts are presented. C1 [Le Marshall, John; Xiao, Yi; Gregory, Paul; Stienle, Peter; Skinner, Terry; Tingwell, Chris; Le, Tan] Bur Meteorol, CAWCR, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Seecamp, Rolf] Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic 3008, Australia. [Jung, Jim] JCSDA, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Le Marshall, J (reprint author), Bur Meteorol, 700 Collins St, Melbourne, Vic 3008, Australia. EM j.lemarshall@bom.gov.au NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2013 VL 28 IS 2 BP 504 EP 514 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00018.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 128XY UT WOS:000317804200014 ER PT J AU Hitchens, NM Brooks, HE Kay, MP AF Hitchens, Nathan M. Brooks, Harold E. Kay, Michael P. TI Objective Limits on Forecasting Skill of Rare Events SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID VERIFICATION AB A method for determining baselines of skill for the purpose of the verification of rare-event forecasts is described and examples are presented to illustrate the sensitivity to parameter choices. These "practically perfect" forecasts are designed to resemble a forecast that is consistent with that which a forecaster would make given perfect knowledge of the events beforehand. The Storm Prediction Center's convective outlook slight risk areas are evaluated over the period from 1973 to 2011 using practically perfect forecasts to define the maximum values of the critical success index that a forecaster could reasonably achieve given the constraints of the forecast, as well as the minimum values of the critical success index that are considered the baseline for skillful forecasts. Based on these upper and lower bounds, the relative skill of convective outlook areas shows little to no skill until the mid-1990s, after which this value increases steadily. The annual frequency of skillful daily forecasts continues to increase from the beginning of the period of study, and the annual cycle shows maxima of the frequency of skillful daily forecasts occurring in May and June. C1 [Hitchens, Nathan M.; Brooks, Harold E.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Kay, Michael P.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kay, Michael P.] NOAA, NWS, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. RP Hitchens, NM (reprint author), Ball State Univ, Dept Geog, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. EM nmhitchens@bsu.edu OI Hitchens, Nathan/0000-0003-4659-111X FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Severe Storms Laboratory FX This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Severe Storms Laboratory. The impetus for the origins of the research date back to conversations the second author had with Allan Murphy in the mid-1990s. The constructive comments and suggestions made by the three anonymous reviewers helped improve the manuscript. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2013 VL 28 IS 2 BP 525 EP 534 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00113.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 128XY UT WOS:000317804200016 ER PT J AU Liu, YQ Peters-Lidard, CD Kumar, S Foster, JL Shaw, M Tian, YD Fall, GM AF Liu, Yuqiong Peters-Lidard, Christa D. Kumar, Sujay Foster, James L. Shaw, Michael Tian, Yudong Fall, Gregory M. TI Assimilating satellite-based snow depth and snow cover products for improving snow predictions in Alaska SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Data assimilation; Satellite snow products; Snow prediction; Streamflow prediction ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; LAND INFORMATION-SYSTEM; HYDROLOGY MODEL; SURFACE MODEL; MODIS; FRAMEWORK; AREA AB Several satellite-based snow products are assimilated, both separately and jointly, into the Noah land surface model for improving snow prediction in Alaska. These include the standard and interpreted versions of snow cover fraction (SCF) data from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the snow depth (SD) estimates from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). The satellite-based SD estimates are adjusted against in situ observations via statistical interpolation to reduce the potentially large biases, prior to being assimilated using an ensemble Kalman filter. A customized, rule-based direct insertion approach is developed to assimilate the two SCF datasets. Our results indicate that considerable overall improvement on snow prediction can be achieved via assimilating the bias-adjusted satellite SD estimates; however, the improvement does not always translate into improvements in streamflow prediction. Assimilating the standard MODIS SCF is found to have little impact on snow and streamflow predictions, while assimilating the interpreted SCF estimates, which have reduced cloud coverage and improved snow mapping accuracy, has resulted in the most consistent improvements on snow and streamflow predictions across the study domain. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Yuqiong; Kumar, Sujay; Tian, Yudong] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Yuqiong; Peters-Lidard, Christa D.; Foster, James L.; Shaw, Michael; Tian, Yudong] NASA, Hydrol Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Kumar, Sujay; Shaw, Michael] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD USA. [Shaw, Michael] AF Weather Agcy, Offutt, NE USA. [Fall, Gregory M.] Natl Operat Hydrol Remote Sensing Ctr, Chanhassem, MN USA. RP Liu, YQ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM Yuqiong.Liu@nasa.gov RI Kumar, Sujay/B-8142-2015; Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 FU NASA [NNX08AU51G]; NASA; NOAA; Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) FX Support for this study was provided by NASA under Grant NNX08AU51G and as part of NASA's contribution to the National Climate Assessment program. Additional funding comes from NOAA and the Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA). Comments from Martyn Clark and an anonymous reviewer helped to improve this manuscript. NR 65 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD APR PY 2013 VL 54 BP 208 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2013.02.005 PG 20 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 122UT UT WOS:000317344300015 ER PT J AU Basu, N Head, J Nam, DH Pilsner, JR Carvan, MJ Chan, HM Goetz, FW Murphy, CA Rouvinen-Watt, K Scheuhammer, AM AF Basu, Niladri Head, Jessica Nam, Dong-Ha Pilsner, J. Richard Carvan, Michael J. Chan, Hing Man Goetz, Frederick W. Murphy, Cheryl A. Rouvinen-Watt, Kirsti Scheuhammer, Anton M. TI Effects of methylmercury on epigenetic markers in three model species: Mink, chicken and yellow perch SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Ecotoxicology; Wildlife; Environmental epigenetics; DNA methylation ID DNA-METHYLATION; DIETARY METHYLMERCURY; CAPTIVE MINK; STEM-CELLS; MERCURY; EXPOSURE; HEALTH; FISH; WILD; HYPOMETHYLATION AB We previously reported that methylmercury (MeHg) exposure is associated with DNA hypomethylation in the brain stem of male polar bears. Here, we conveniently use archived tissues obtained from controlled laboratory exposure studies to look for evidence that MeHg can disrupt DNA methylation across taxa. Brain (cerebrum) tissues from MeHg-exposed mink (Neovison vison), chicken (Gallus gallus) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were analyzed for total Hg levels and global DNA methylation. Tissues from chicken and mink, but not perch, were also analyzed for DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity. In mink we observed significant reductions in global DNA methylation in an environmentally-relevant dietary exposure group (1 ppm MeHg), but not in a higher group (2 ppm MeHg). DNMT activity was significantly reduced in all treatment groups. In chicken or yellow perch, no statistically significant effects of MeHg were observed. Dose-dependent trends were observed in the chicken data but the direction of the change was not consistent between the two endpoints. Our results suggest that MeHg can be epigenetically active in that it has the capacity to affect DNA methylation in mammals. The variability in results across species may suggest inter-taxa differences in epigenetic responses to MeHg, or may be related to differences among the exposure scenarios used as animals were exposed to MeHg through different routes (dietary, egg injection), for different periods of time (19-89 days) and at different life stages (embryonic, juvenile, adult). (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Basu, Niladri; Head, Jessica; Nam, Dong-Ha] Univ Michigan, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Head, Jessica] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Nam, Dong-Ha] Chonnam Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Pilsner, J. Richard] Univ Massachusetts, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Carvan, Michael J.] Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes Wisconsin Aquaculture Technol & Envir, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [Chan, Hing Man] Univ Ottawa, Ctr Adv Res Environm Genom, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Goetz, Frederick W.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Murphy, Cheryl A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Rouvinen-Watt, Kirsti] Dalhousie Univ, Fac Agr, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada. [Scheuhammer, Anton M.] Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. RP Basu, N (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 109 S Observatory St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM niladri@umich.edu RI Chan, Laurie /C-4055-2014; OI Carvan, Michael/0000-0002-9190-9417; Basu, Niladri/0000-0002-2695-1037 FU Collaborative Mercury Research Network (COMERN); Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; University of Michigan School of Public Health FX This study was funded by a Collaborative Mercury Research Network (COMERN) grant to A.S. and H.M.C., Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) grants to H.M.C. and N.B., a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration grant to J.H., and University of Michigan School of Public Health funding to N.B. We are thankful to the Canadian Centre for Fur Animal Research (especially Merridy Rankin, Rena Currie, Sarah Gatti-Yorke, Tanya Morse, Cindy Crossman, Jody Muise, and Margot White) for the mink studies, to Krittika Mittal, Jennifer Rutkiewicz, and Mark Bradley for the chicken studies, and to Matthew Pickens for the perch studies. We thank the various anonymous reviewers of this article. No conflict of interest is declared, and the authors assume sole responsibility for the contents of this article. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 157 IS 3 BP 322 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.02.004 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 124FS UT WOS:000317449800009 PM 23481557 ER PT J AU Cohen, S Kettner, AJ Syvitski, JPM Fekete, BM AF Cohen, Sagy Kettner, Albert J. Syvitski, James P. M. Fekete, Balazs M. TI WBMsed, a distributed global-scale riverine sediment flux model: Model description and validation SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Sediment flux; Water discharge; Suspended sediment; WBMplus; BQART; Global transport model; FrAMES ID FLUVIAL SEDIMENT; COASTAL OCEAN; WATER-BALANCE; DISCHARGE; PRECIPITATION; EVAPORATION; REANALYSIS; BASINS; RUNOFF; HUMANS AB Quantifying continental sediment flux is a fundamental goal of earth-system science. Ongoing measurements of riverine-suspended sediment fluxes to the oceans are limited (< 10% of rivers) and intrabasin measurements are even scarcer. Numerical models provide a useful bridge to this measurement gap and offer insight to past and future trends in response to human and environmental changes. BQART is a global empirical model that calculates long-term suspended sediment loads. The Psi statistical model accounts for intra- and interannual variability in these BQART sediment flux predictions. Here BQART and Psi are compiled as a new module of the WBMplus global daily water balance/transport model, a central component in the FrAMES hydrological-biogeochemical modeling scheme. The resulting model (WBMsed) simulates spatially and temporally explicit (pixel scale and daily) sediment fluxes over continental Earth. We test WBMsed predictions with (1) observed sediment loads at 95 river mouths and to the original BQART predictions for these rivers, and (2) 11 years of daily sediment flux observations of 11 USGS stations. The results show that WBMsed captures the multiyear average, interannual and intraannual trends but considerably over- and underpredict daily fluxes for extreme discharge periods. These over- and underpredictions are mainly driven by respective mispredictions of water discharge fluxes. Future improvements to WBMsed to address these limitations are provided. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cohen, Sagy; Kettner, Albert J.; Syvitski, James P. M.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fekete, Balazs M.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, CUNY Environm CrossRd Initiat, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Cohen, S (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Geog, Box 870322, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM sagy.cohen@as.ua.edu RI Syvitski, James/L-2008-2013; OI Cohen, Sagy/0000-0002-3354-2864 FU NASA [PZ07124] FX This research is made possible by NASA under Grant PZ07124. We gratefully acknowledge CSDMS for computing time on the CSDMS High-Performance Computing Cluster. We thank the USGS "Water Data for the Nation" for having water discharge and sediment flux data publically available. Our thanks are also extended to two referees for providing helpful comments to this paper. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 EI 1873-7803 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 53 BP 80 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2011.08.011 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 120IM UT WOS:000317164000010 ER PT J AU Astakhov, AS Wang, RJ Crane, K Ivanov, MV Gao, AG AF Astakhov, A. S. Wang Rujian Crane, K. Ivanov, M. V. Gao Aiguo TI Lithochemical classification of the arctic depositional environments (Chukchi Sea) by methods of multivariate statistic SO GEOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE statistical analysis; lithochemical analysis; terrigenous sedimentation; sediment chemistry; geochemical associations; Chukchi Sea ID SURFACE SEDIMENTS; BOTTOM SEDIMENTS; PACIFIC; METALS; GEOCHEMISTRY; MINERALOGY AB This paper presents data on the chemical composition of bottom sediments from the Chukchi Sea and the adjacent Arctic Ocean. Multivariate statistical techniques were used for the analysis of the data set and revealed that grain size fractionation of the original terrigenous component during sedimentation was the major factor of the clustering of the samples. Secondary factors include the accumulation of biogenic siliceous and carbonate material and chemogenic or biochemical accumulation of iron, manganese, and some trace elements. The latter factor was significant in areas of tectonic activity within the graben-rift system of the Chukchi Sea. C1 [Astakhov, A. S.; Ivanov, M. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Far East Branch, VI Ilichev Oceanol Inst, Vladivostok 690041, Russia. [Wang Rujian] Tongji Univ, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [Crane, K.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Gao Aiguo] Xiamen Univ, Xiamen, Peoples R China. RP Astakhov, AS (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Far East Branch, VI Ilichev Oceanol Inst, Ul Baltiiskaya 43, Vladivostok 690041, Russia. EM astakhov@poi.dvo.ru RI HUANG, Shuiying/C-3117-2014 FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [09-05-98585, 12-05-91167] FX The authors thank O.V. Dudarev, B.I. Sirenko, and V.I. Dzhurinskii for providing additional samples for analysis. Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant nos. 09-05-98585 and 12-05-91167). NR 47 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0016-7029 J9 GEOCHEM INT+ JI Geochem. Int. PD APR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 4 BP 269 EP 289 DI 10.1134/S001670291302002X PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 127HD UT WOS:000317687700002 ER PT J AU Ding, SG Yang, P Baum, BA Heidinger, A Greenwald, T AF Ding, Shouguo Yang, Ping Baum, Bryan A. Heidinger, Andrew Greenwald, Thomas TI Development of a GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager Solar Channel Radiance Simulator for Ice Clouds SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED-K-DISTRIBUTION; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; ALGORITHM; MODIS; AEROSOL; MODELS; RANGE; BANDS AB This paper describes the development of an ice cloud radiance simulator for the anticipated Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R (GOES-R) Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) solar channels. The simulator is based on the discrete ordinates radiative transfer (DISORT) model. A set of correlated k-distribution (CKD) models is developed for the ABI solar channels to account for atmospheric trace gas absorption. The CKD models are based on the ABI spectral response functions and also consider when multiple gases have overlapping absorption. The related errors of the transmittance profile are estimated on the basis of the exact line-by-line results, and it is found that errors in transmittance are less than 0.2% for all but one of the ABI solar channels. The exception is for the 1.378-mm channel, centered near a strong water vapor absorption band, for which the errors are less than 2%. For ice clouds, the band-averaged bulk-scattering properties for each ABI [and corresponding Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)] solar channel are derived using an updated single-scattering property database of both smooth and severely roughened ice particles, which include droxtals, hexagonal plates, hexagonal hollow and solid columns, three-dimensional hollow and solid bullet rosettes, and several types of aggregates. The comparison shows close agreement between the radiance simulator and the benchmark model, the line-by-line radiative transfer model (LBLRTM)+ DISORT model. The radiances of the ABI and corresponding MODIS measurements are compared. The results show that the radiance differences between the ABI and MODIS channels under ice cloud conditions are likely due to the different band-averaged imaginary indices of refraction. C1 [Ding, Shouguo; Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Baum, Bryan A.; Greenwald, Thomas] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Heidinger, Andrew] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. RP Yang, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM pyang@tamu.edu RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011; Ding, Shouguo/F-2673-2012; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU NOAA [EE133E-11-SE-3250]; University of Wisconsin [329K453] FX This work was partially supported by a NOAA contract (EE133E-11-SE-3250) and a subcontract from the University of Wisconsin (329K453). NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 52 IS 4 BP 872 EP 888 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0180.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 128EX UT WOS:000317753000009 ER PT J AU Ralph, FM Coleman, T Neiman, PJ Zamora, RJ Dettinger, MD AF Ralph, F. M. Coleman, T. Neiman, P. J. Zamora, R. J. Dettinger, M. D. TI Observed Impacts of Duration and Seasonality of Atmospheric-River Landfalls on Soil Moisture and Runoff in Coastal Northern California SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WINTER STORM; WEST-COAST; PRECIPITATION; CALJET; SATELLITE; WATER; CONNECTION; MOUNTAINS; RAINFALL AB This study is motivated by diverse needs for better forecasts of extreme precipitation and floods. It is enabled by unique hourly observations collected over six years near California's Russian River and by recent advances in the science of atmospheric rivers (ARs). This study fills key gaps limiting the prediction of ARs and, especially, their impacts by quantifying the duration of AR conditions and the role of duration in modulating hydrometeorological impacts. Precursor soil moisture conditions and their relationship to streamflow are also shown. On the basis of 91 well-observed events during 2004-10, the study shows that the passage of ARs over a coastal site lasted 20 h on average and that 12% of the AR events exceeded 30 h. Differences in storm-total water vapor transport directed up the mountain slope contribute 74% of the variance in storm-total rainfall across the events and 61% of the variance in storm-total runoff volume. ARs with double the composite mean duration produced nearly 6 times greater peak streamflow and more than 7 times the storm-total runoff volume. When precursor soil moisture was less than 20%, even heavy rainfall did not lead to significant streamflow. Predicting which AR events are likely to produce extreme impacts on precipitation and runoff requires accurate prediction of AR duration at landfall and observations of precursor soil moisture conditions. C1 [Ralph, F. M.; Coleman, T.; Neiman, P. J.; Zamora, R. J.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Coleman, T.] CIRES, Boulder, CO USA. [Dettinger, M. D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Dettinger, M. D.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Ralph, FM (reprint author), NOAA, Div Phys Sci, ESRL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM marty.ralph@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 14 IS 2 BP 443 EP 459 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-076.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 125SI UT WOS:000317561200004 ER PT J AU Neiman, PJ Ralph, FM Moore, BJ Hughes, M Mahoney, KM Cordeira, JM Dettinger, MD AF Neiman, Paul J. Ralph, F. Martin Moore, Benjamin J. Hughes, Mimi Mahoney, Kelly M. Cordeira, Jason M. Dettinger, Michael D. TI The Landfall and Inland Penetration of a Flood-Producing Atmospheric River in Arizona. Part I: Observed Synoptic-Scale, Orographic, and Hydrometeorological Characteristics SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SIERRA-NEVADA; PACIFIC-OCEAN; COLD-FRONT; PRECIPITATION; CALIFORNIA; MOUNTAINS; SATELLITE; FREQUENCY; MOISTURE AB Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are a dominant mechanism for generating intense wintertime precipitation along the U. S. West Coast. While studies over the past 10 years have explored the impact of ARs in, and west of, California's Sierra Nevada and the Pacific Northwest's Cascade Mountains, their influence on the weather across the intermountain west remains an open question. This study utilizes gridded atmospheric datasets, satellite imagery, rawinsonde soundings, a 449-MHz wind profiler and global positioning system (GPS) receiver, and operational hydrometeorological observing networks to explore the dynamics and inland impacts of a landfalling, flood-producing AR across Arizona in January 2010. Plan-view, cross-section, and back-trajectory analyses quantify the synoptic and mesoscale forcing that led to widespread precipitation across the state. The analyses show that a strong AR formed in the lower midlatitudes over the northeastern Pacific Ocean via frontogenetic processes and sea surface latent-heat fluxes but without tapping into the adjacent tropical water vapor reservoir to the south. The wind profiler, GPS, and rawinsonde observations document strong orographic forcing in a moist neutral environment within the AR that led to extreme, orographically enhanced precipitation. The AR was oriented nearly orthogonal to the Mogollon Rim, a major escarpment crossing much of central Arizona, and was positioned between the high mountain ranges of northern Mexico. High melting levels during the heaviest precipitation contributed to region-wide flooding, while the high-altitude snowpack increased substantially. The characteristics of the AR that impacted Arizona in January 2010, and the resulting heavy orographic precipitation, are comparable to those of landfalling ARs and their impacts along the west coasts of midlatitude continents. C1 [Neiman, Paul J.; Ralph, F. Martin] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Moore, Benjamin J.; Hughes, Mimi; Mahoney, Kelly M.] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cordeira, Jason M.] NOAA, Natl Res Council, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dettinger, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Dettinger, Michael D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Neiman, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Mail Code R PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM paul.j.neiman@noaa.gov RI Hughes, Mimi/C-3710-2009 OI Hughes, Mimi/0000-0002-4554-9289 FU Bureau of Reclamation [R11AC81334]; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado [R11AC81334] FX This project was funded in part by Cooperative Agreement R11AC81334 between the Bureau of Reclamation and the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado. Jim Adams assisted in the electronic drafting of figures. Allen White generated the terrain base maps. Darren Jackson provided customized satellite imagery. Chengmin Hsu of NOAA-CIRES created the graphics showing the cumulative fraction of basin area for Arizona's Salt River. We appreciate the comments and suggestions by Michael Alexander and Kevin Werner of NOAA and from three anonymous reviewers. Their efforts improved the scope and quality of this manuscript. NR 59 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 14 IS 2 BP 460 EP 484 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-0101.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 125SI UT WOS:000317561200005 ER PT J AU Kirstetter, PE Hong, Y Gourley, JJ Schwaller, M Petersen, W Zhang, J AF Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel Hong, Y. Gourley, J. J. Schwaller, M. Petersen, W. Zhang, J. TI Comparison of TRMM 2A25 Products, Version 6 and Version 7, with NOAA/NSSL Ground Radar-Based National Mosaic QPE SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE REFERENCE TECHNIQUE; RAIN-PROFILING ALGORITHM; PRECIPITATION RADAR; SATELLITE; VALIDATION AB Characterization of the error associated with satellite rainfall estimates is a necessary component of deterministic and probabilistic frameworks involving spaceborne passive and active microwave measurements for applications ranging from water budget studies to forecasting natural hazards related to extreme rainfall events. The authors focus here on the relative error structure of Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) at the ground by comparison of 2A25 products with reference values derived from NOAA/NSSL's ground radar-based National Mosaic and QPE system (NMQ/Q2). The primary contribution of this study is to compare the new 2A25, version 7 (V7), products that were recently released as a replacement of version 6 (V6). Moreover, the authors supply uncertainty estimates of the rainfall products so that they may be used in a quantitative manner for applications like hydrologic modeling. This new version is considered superior over land areas and will likely be the final version for TRMM PR rainfall estimates. Several aspects of the two versions are compared and quantified, including rainfall rate distributions, systematic biases, and random errors. All analyses indicate that V7 is in closer agreement with the reference rainfall compared to V6. C1 [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Hong, Y.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Gourley, J. J.; Zhang, J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Hong, Y.] Natl Weather Ctr, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Schwaller, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Petersen, W.] NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA USA. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 4610, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015 OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; FU NASA Global Precipitation Measurement mission Ground Validation Management FX We are very much indebted to the team responsible for the NMQ/Q2 products, especially Carrie Langston. We want to thank two anonymous reviewers, whose comments were very useful in improving the manuscript. This work was funded by a postdoctoral grant from the NASA Global Precipitation Measurement mission Ground Validation Management. NR 34 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 14 IS 2 BP 661 EP 669 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-030.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 125SI UT WOS:000317561200017 ER PT J AU Olfatnia, M Sood, S Gorman, JJ Awtar, S AF Olfatnia, Mohammad Sood, Siddharth Gorman, Jason J. Awtar, Shorya TI Large Stroke Electrostatic Comb-Drive Actuators Enabled by a Novel Flexure Mechanism SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Comb drive; electrostatic actuator; flexure mechanism; large stroke ID DESIGN; FORCE; DISPLACEMENTS; PERFORMANCE; FINGERS; SYSTEM; MODEL AB This paper presents in-plane electrostatic comb-drive actuators with stroke as large as 245 mu m that is achieved by employing a novel clamped paired double parallelogram (C-DP-DP) flexure mechanism. The C-DP-DP flexuremechanism design offers high bearing direction stiffness K-ae while maintaining low motion direction stiffness K-y over a large range of motion direction displacement. The resulting high (K-ae/K-y) ratio mitigates the onset of sideways snap-in instability, thereby offering significantly greater actuation stroke compared with existing designs. Further improvement is achieved by reinforcing the individual beams in this flexure mechanism. While the traditional paired double parallelogram (DP-DP) flexure design with comb gap G = 3 mu m and flexure beam length L-1 = 1 mm results in a 50-mu m stroke before snap-in, the reinforced C-DP-DP design with the same comb gap and flexure beam length achieves a stroke of 141 mu m. Furthermore, this C-DP-DP flexure design provides a 215-mu m stroke with G = 4 mu m and a 245-mu m stroke with G = 6 mu m. The presented work includes closed-form stiffness expressions for the reinforced C-DP-DP flexure, a design procedure for selecting dimensions of the overall comb-drive actuator, microfabrication of some representative actuators, and experimental measurements demonstrating the large stroke. C1 [Olfatnia, Mohammad; Sood, Siddharth; Awtar, Shorya] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Gorman, Jason J.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Awtar, S (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM olfatnia@umich.edu; siddsood@umich.edu; gorman@nist.gov; awtar@umich.edu FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0846738]; National Institute of Science and Technology under a Measurement Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship FX Manuscript received March 15, 2012; revised October 19, 2012; accepted October 24, 2012. Date of publication December 12, 2012; date of current version March 29, 2013. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant CMMI-0846738. The work of S. Sood was supported by the National Institute of Science and Technology under a Measurement Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship. The experimental portion of this work was performed at the Lurie Nanofabrication Facility, a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, which is supported in part by the National Science Foundation. Subject Editor L. Lin. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD APR PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP 483 EP 494 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2012.2227458 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 120SF UT WOS:000317191700028 ER PT J AU Mumme, WG Grey, IE Edwards, B Turner, C Nino, J Vanderah, TA AF Mumme, William G. Grey, Ian E. Edwards, Bryce Turner, Christopher Nino, Juan Vanderah, Terrell A. TI BiNb3O9, a metastable perovskite phase with Bi/vacancy ordering: Crystal structure and dielectric properties SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Perovskite; BiNb3O9; Crystal structure; Dielectric properties ID OXIDES AB The perovskite, BiNb3O9, is a metastable phase in the Bi2O3:Nb2O5 system that forms only when cooled from a liquid phase. Crystals of BiNb3O9 prepared in this way display pseudocubic 2a x 2a x 2a diffraction patterns, due to non-merohedral twinning of a tetragonal a x a x 2a cell, with the doubled axis oriented along all three pseudocubic axes. The structure was refined using data collected on a twinned crystal to R-1=0.034 for 318 observed reflections. BiNb3O9 has tetragonal symmetry, P4/mmm with a=3.9459(3) angstrom, c=7.8919(6) angstrom. Partial ordering of Bi atoms and vacancies occurs, with alternate (0 0 1) planes having 28% and 42% Bi occupancies. The Bi atoms are displaced from the A-site special positions by up to 0.4 angstrom. The compound exhibits a relatively high permittivity value of similar to 230 at room temperature, and shows a sharp increase with increasing temperature towards an apparent diffuse phase transition above similar to 180 degrees C, with an associated frequency dependent peak in the dielectric loss. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mumme, William G.; Grey, Ian E.] CSIRO Proc Sci & Engn, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. [Edwards, Bryce; Turner, Christopher; Nino, Juan] Univ Florida, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Vanderah, Terrell A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Grey, IE (reprint author), CSIRO Proc Sci & Engn, Box 312, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. EM ian.grey@csiro.au RI Nino, Juan/A-6496-2008 OI Nino, Juan/0000-0001-8256-0535 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD APR PY 2013 VL 200 BP 323 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2013.01.052 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 120GE UT WOS:000317158000049 ER PT J AU Murphy, DM AF Murphy, D. M. TI Little net clear-sky radiative forcing from recent regional redistribution of aerosols SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL DEPTH; TRENDS; MODIS AB Aerosols both scatter and absorb incoming solar radiation, with consequences for the energy balance of the atmosphere. Unlike greenhouse gases, atmospheric aerosols are distributed non-uniformly around the Earth. Therefore, regional shifts in aerosol abundance could alter radiative forcing of the climate. Here, I use multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR) satellite data and the Atmospheric and Environmental Research radiative transfer model(1) to assess the radiative effect of the spatial redistribution of aerosols over the past decade. Unexpectedly, the radiative transfer model shows that the movement of aerosols from high latitudes towards the Equator, as might happen if pollution shifts from Europe to southeast Asia, has little effect on clear-sky radiative forcing. Shorter slant paths and smaller upscatter fractions near the Equator compensate for more total sunlight there. Overall, there has been an almost exact cancellation in the clear-sky radiative forcing from aerosol increases and decreases in different parts of the world, whereas MISR should have been able to easily detect a change of 0.1Wm(-2) per decade due to changing patterns. Long-term changes in global mean aerosol optical depth or indirect aerosol forcing of clouds are difficult to measure from satellites. However, the satellite data show that the regional redistribution of aerosols had little direct net effect on global average clear-sky radiative forcing from 2000 to 2012. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Murphy, DM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM daniel.m.murphy@noaa.gov RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; FU NOAA FX This work was financially supported by NOAA base and climate-change funding. I thank R. Kahn, J. Daniel and A. McComiskey for helpful comments. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 6 IS 4 BP 258 EP 262 DI 10.1038/NGEO1740 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 117IJ UT WOS:000316946500011 ER PT J AU Holland, WC Litaker, RW Tomas, CR Kibler, SR Place, AR Davenport, ED Tester, PA AF Holland, William C. Litaker, R. Wayne Tomas, Carmelo R. Kibler, Steven R. Place, Allen R. Davenport, Erik D. Tester, Patricia A. TI Differences in the toxicity of six Gambierdiscus (Dinophyceae) species measured using an in vitro human erythrocyte lysis assay SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE Cell lysis; Ciguatoxins; Ciguatera fish poisoning; Hemolytic assay; Maitotoxin; Regional differences in toxicity ID DINOFLAGELLATE ALEXANDRIUM; MARINE DINOFLAGELLATE; NITROGEN LIMITATION; GENUS GAMBIERDISCUS; SODIUM-CHANNEL; SMOOTH-MUSCLE; SP-NOV; MAITOTOXIN; CIGUATERA; CELLS AB This study examined the toxicity of six Gambierdiscus species (Gambierdiscus belizeanus, Gambierdiscus caribaeus, Gambierdiscus carolinianus, Gambierdiscus carpenteri, Gambierdiscus ribotype 2 and Gambierdiscus ruetzleri) using a human erythrocyte lysis assay. In all, 56 isolates were tested. The results showed certain species were significantly more toxic than others. Depending on the species, hemolytic activity consistently increased by similar to 7-40% from log phase growth to late log - early stationary growth phase and then declined in mid-stationary growth phase. Increasing growth temperatures from 20 to 31 degrees C for clones of G. caribaeus showed only a slight increase in hemolytic activity between 20 and 27 degrees C. Hemolytic activity in the G. carolinianus isolates from different regions grown over the same 20-31 degrees C range remained constant. These data suggest that growth temperature is not a significant factor in modulating the inter-isolate and interspecific differences in hemolytic activity. The hemolytic activity of various isolates measured repeatedly over a 2 year period remained constant, consistent with the hemolytic compounds being constitutively produced and under strong genetic control. Depending on species, greater than 60-90% of the total hemolytic activity was initially associated with the cell membranes but diffused into solution over a 24 h assay incubation period at 4 degrees C. These findings suggest that hemolytic compounds produced by Gambierdiscus isolates were held in membrane bound vesicles as reported for brevetoxins produced by Karenia brevis. Gambierdiscus isolates obtained from other parts of the world exhibited hemolytic activities comparable to those found in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico confirming the range of toxicities is similar among Gambierdiscus species worldwide. Experiments using specific inhibitors of the MTX pathway and purified MTX, Gambierdiscus whole cell extracts, and hydrophilic cell extracts containing MTX, were consistent with MIX as the primary hemolytic compound produced by Gambierdiscus species. While the results from inhibition studies require validation by LC-MS analysis, the available data strongly suggest differences in hemolytic activity observed in this study reflect maitotoxicity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Holland, William C.; Litaker, R. Wayne; Kibler, Steven R.; Davenport, Erik D.; Tester, Patricia A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Tomas, Carmelo R.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. [Place, Allen R.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. RP Litaker, RW (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Wayne.Litaker@noaa.gov RI Place, Allen/F-9267-2013 FU Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (ECOHAB) program [724] FX We would like to thank Sherwood Hall for providing the saxitoxin and John Ramsdell for the purified maitotoxin. Patrice Mason ran the osmolality analysis. Richard Lewis kindly provided toxin extraction protocols. We would also like to thank the follow individuals from the National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research and colleagues assisting CCFHR on dive operations for their willingness to collect samples from various locations in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean: Paula Whitfield, Christine A. Buckel, Brian Degan, Don Field, Jenny VanderPlyum, Roldan Munoz, John Burke, Dave Cerino, Michael Dowgiallo, Wilson Freshwater, David Johnson, Brett Harrison, Doug Kesling, William Lee, Roger Mays, James Morris, Brandon Puckett, and Sherry Reed. We also kindly thank Frankie and Chris Hill for providing samples. Avery Tatters and Joanne Kelly from the Tomas lab at UNCW kindly provided instruction and helped conduct some to the initial hemolytic assays. Reference to trade names does not imply product endorsement by the National Ocean Service, NOAA. Partial support was provided by the Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (ECOHAB) program, contribution #724. This is contribution #4715 from the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences and contribution #13102 from the Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology. NR 103 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 49 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD APR PY 2013 VL 65 BP 15 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.12.016 PG 19 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 120LQ UT WOS:000317172200004 PM 23313447 ER PT J AU Kramida, A Sansonetti, JE AF Kramida, Alexander Sansonetti, Jean E. TI ENERGY LEVELS AND SPECTRAL LINES OF SINGLY IONIZED MANGANESE (Mn II) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atomic data; infrared: general; line: identification; methods: laboratory; techniques: spectroscopic; ultraviolet: general ID ETA-CARINAE; ULTRAVIOLET TRANSITIONS; WAVELENGTHS; VALUES AB This compilation revises the previously recommended list of energy levels of singly ionized manganese (Mn II) and provides a comprehensive list of observed spectral lines and transition probabilities in this spectrum. The new level optimization takes into account critically assessed uncertainties of measured wavelengths and includes about a hundred high-precision wavelengths determined by laser spectroscopy and Fourier transform techniques. Uncertainties of 63% of energy levels and 74% of Ritz wavelengths are reduced by a factor of three on average. C1 [Kramida, Alexander; Sansonetti, Jean E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kramida, A (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Kramida, Alexander/0000-0002-0788-8087 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNH10AN38I] FX This work was partially supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under interagency agreement NNH10AN38I. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD APR PY 2013 VL 205 IS 2 AR 14 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/205/2/14 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 118PL UT WOS:000317037600004 ER PT J AU Ferraiolo, D Gavrila, S Jansen, W AF Ferraiolo, David Gavrila, Serban Jansen, Wayne TI Enabling an Enterprise-Wide, Data-Centric Operating Environment SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article AB The Policy Machine can execute arbitrary data services and specify and enforce arbitrary but mission-tailored access control policies over those executions. C1 [Ferraiolo, David] NIST, Secure Syst & Applicat Grp, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gavrila, Serban] NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Jansen, Wayne] Booz Allen Hamilton, Tysons Corner, VA USA. RP Ferraiolo, D (reprint author), NIST, Secure Syst & Applicat Grp, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.ferraiolo@nist.gov; serban.gavrila@nist.gov; Jansen_wayne@bah.com NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD APR PY 2013 VL 46 IS 4 BP 94 EP 96 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 121OJ UT WOS:000317253800016 ER PT J AU Large, SI Smee, DL AF Large, Scott I. Smee, Delbert L. TI Biogeographic variation in behavioral and morphological responses to predation risk SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Nucella lapillus; Carcinus maenas; Predator-prey interaction; Animal behavior; Indirect interaction ID NUCELLA-LAPILLUS L; MEDIATED INDIRECT INTERACTIONS; MARINE SNAIL; PREY INTERACTIONS; CRAB PREDATION; WAVE-EXPOSURE; SHELL; DOGWHELKS; GASTROPOD; HABITATS AB The expression of prey antipredator defenses is often related to ambient consumer pressure, and prey express greater defenses under intense consumer pressure. Predation is generally greater at lower latitudes, and antipredator defenses often display a biogeographic pattern. Predation pressure may also vary significantly between habitats within latitudes, making biogeographic patterns difficult to distinguish. Furthermore, invasive predators may also influence the expression of prey defenses in ecological time. The purpose of this study was to determine how these factors influence the strength of antipredator responses. To assess patterns in prey antipredator defenses based upon geographic range (north vs. south), habitat type (wave-protected vs. wave-exposed shores), and invasive predators, we examined how native rock (Cancer irroratus) and invasive green (Carcinus maenas) crab predators influence the behavioral and morphological defenses of dogwhelk (Nucella lapillus) prey from habitats that differ in wave exposure across an similar to 230 km range within the Gulf of Maine. The expression of behavioral and morphological antipredatory responses varied according to wave exposure, geographic location, and predator species. Dogwhelks from areas with an established history with green crabs exhibited the largest behavioral and morphological antipredator responses to green crabs. Dogwhelk behavioral responses to rock crabs did not vary between habitats or geographic regions, although morphological responses were greater further south where predation pressure was greatest. These findings suggest that dogwhelk responses to invasive and native predators vary according to geographic location and habitat, and are strongly affected by ambient predation pressure due to the invasion history of an exotic predator. C1 [Large, Scott I.; Smee, Delbert L.] Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Large, Scott I.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Barnstable, MA 02543 USA. RP Smee, DL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM lee.smee@tamucc.edu FU NSF-OCE [0648433]; Texas Research Development Fund; Addison E. Verrill Award FX We thank P. Jumars, T. Miller, and all other DMC personnel that assisted us in this study; J. and E. Cohill for support; TAMU-CC Marine Ecology Lab, P. Torres, and E. Robinson for help with collections and animal care; P. Montagna provided statistical advice, P. Petraitis, R.D. Overath, and A. Freeman made comments that improved the submission. Funding support came from NSF-OCE grant 0648433 and the Texas Research Development Fund to D. Smee, as well as an Addison E. Verrill Award to S. Large. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 81 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD APR PY 2013 VL 171 IS 4 BP 961 EP 969 DI 10.1007/s00442-012-2450-5 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 116TR UT WOS:000316906400018 PM 23001623 ER PT J AU Wolff, FC Squires, D Guillotreau, P AF Wolff, Francois-Charles Squires, Dale Guillotreau, Patrice TI The Firm's Management in Production: Management, Firm, and Time Effects in an Indian Ocean Tuna Fishery SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE firm's management; firm; management; time effects; tuna fisheries ID CROSS-SECTION DATA; HIGH WAGE WORKERS; TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY; SERIES; BIAS; AGRICULTURE; PERSISTENCE; COMPETITION; INDUSTRIES; INPUTS AB Exploiting variability in the managerial dimension, this paper presents firm management through firm and time effects in a production function that uses a three-way fixed effect model and a unique panel dataset that tracks multiple managers for each firm from 1980-2007. We allow for time-varying firm management through learning. The model is applied to the French purse-seine fleet harvesting tuna in the Indian Ocean. We find that skippers' learning-by-doing as measured by experience and job tenure plays no significant role, meaning that managerial ability is time-invariant. C1 [Wolff, Francois-Charles; Guillotreau, Patrice] Univ Nantes, LEMNA, F-44035 Nantes, France. [Wolff, Francois-Charles] Inst Natl Etud Demog, F-75675 Paris, France. [Squires, Dale] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Squires, Dale] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Wolff, FC (reprint author), Univ Nantes, LEMNA, F-44035 Nantes, France. FU EU-funded Data Collection Framework (DCF) [1543/2000, 199/2008]; French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [09-CEP-003]; European Commission FX We are indebted to two anonymous reviewers and to the editor, David Hennessy, for their very helpful comments and suggestions on a previous draft. We also would like to thank seminar participants at the Fish Aggregating Device conference in Tahiti (Ifremer) and at the Regards workshop (University of Reims). The fisheries data analyzed in this publication were collected by the Mixed Research Unit 212 "Exploited Marine Ecosystems" of the Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD) through the EU-funded Data Collection Framework (DCF, Reg (EC) 1543/2000 and 199/2008). We wish to acknowledge the contributions of Organisation des Producteurs de Thon Tropical Congele et Surgele, the staff of the publication Observatoire Thonier, and all the technicians and fishermen that have been involved in data collection, processing, and management. We are particularly grateful to Patrice Dewals for his assistance with data and expertise on purseseine fisheries of the Indian Ocean. We also acknowledge the support of the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), under grant CEP (changements environnementaux planetaires) A Macroscope for Oceanic Earth System (ANR-09-CEP-003) and the international projects Mitigating Adverse Ecological Impacts of Open Ocean Fisheries (European Commission FP7) and Climate Impact on Oceanic Top Predators (Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research). NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD APR PY 2013 VL 95 IS 3 BP 547 EP 567 DI 10.1093/ajae/aas140 PG 21 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 117MY UT WOS:000316958800001 ER PT J AU Linsky, JL France, K Ayres, T AF Linsky, Jeffrey L. France, Kevin Ayres, Tom TI COMPUTING INTRINSIC LY alpha FLUXES OF F5 V TO M5 V STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrobiology; planets and satellites: atmospheres; stars: chromospheres; stars: late-type; Sun: chromosphere; ultraviolet: stars ID CA-II H; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; K-BAND SPECTRA; SUN-LIKE STARS; M-DWARFS; XMM-NEWTON; CHROMOSPHERIC EMISSION; MAGNETIC ACTIVITY; ECHELLE SPECTRA; HIGH-RESOLUTION AB The Ly alpha emission line dominates the far-ultraviolet spectra of late-type stars and is a major source for photodissociation of important molecules including H2O, CH4, and CO2 in exoplanet atmospheres. The incident flux in this line illuminating an exoplanet's atmosphere cannot be measured directly as neutral hydrogen in the interstellar medium (ISM) attenuates most of the flux reaching the Earth. Reconstruction of the intrinsic Ly alpha line has been accomplished for a limited number of nearby stars, but is not feasible for distant or faint host stars. We identify correlations connecting the intrinsic Ly alpha flux with the flux in other emission lines formed in the stellar chromosphere, and find that these correlations depend only gradually on the flux in the other lines. These correlations, which are based on Hubble Space Telescope spectra, reconstructed Ly alpha line fluxes, and irradiance spectra of the quiet and active Sun, are required for photochemical models of exoplanet atmospheres when intrinsic Ly alpha fluxes are not available. We find a tight correlation of the intrinsic Ly alpha flux with stellar X-ray flux for F5 V to K5 V stars, but much larger dispersion for M stars. We also show that knowledge of the stellar effective temperature and rotation rate can provide reasonably accurate estimates of the Ly alpha flux for G and K stars, and less accurate estimates for cooler stars. C1 [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [France, Kevin; Ayres, Tom] Univ Colorado, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Linsky, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jlinsky@jilau1.colorado.edu FU NASA [NAS 5-26555, NNX08AC146, NAS5-98043, HST-GO-11687.01-A]; [11534]; [11687]; [12034]; [12035]; [12464] FX Guest Observer, NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and User of the Data Archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations were made as parts of programs 11534, 11687, 12034, 12035, and 12464.; This work is supported by NASA through grants NNX08AC146, NAS5-98043, and HST-GO-11687.01-A to the University of Colorado at Boulder. We thank Martin Snow for providing the SORCE data, and Jurgen Schmitt for providing X-ray luminosities for M-dwarf stars. We thank the anonymous referee for a thorough critique of the initial manuscript. J.L.L. thanks the Kiepenheuer-Institut fur Sonnenphysik in Freiburg Germany for hospitality while writing this paper. We thank Tom Woods for providing the SORCE data and Steven Osterman for information on the COS calibration. NR 45 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 766 IS 2 AR 69 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/766/2/69 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 108UE UT WOS:000316320900003 ER PT J AU Stensrud, DJ Wicker, LJ Xue, M Dawson, DT Yussouf, N Wheatley, DM Thompson, TE Snook, NA Smith, TM Schenkman, AD Potvin, CK Mansell, ER Lei, T Kuhlman, KM Jung, Y Jones, TA Gao, JD Coniglio, MC Brooks, HE Brewster, KA AF Stensrud, David J. Wicker, Louis J. Xue, Ming Dawson, Daniel T., II Yussouf, Nusrat Wheatley, Dustan M. Thompson, Therese E. Snook, Nathan A. Smith, Travis M. Schenkman, Alexander D. Potvin, Corey K. Mansell, Edward R. Lei, Ting Kuhlman, Kristin M. Jung, Youngsun Jones, Thomas A. Gao, Jidong Coniglio, Michael C. Brooks, Harold E. Brewster, Keith A. TI Progress and challenges with Warn-on-Forecast SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Warnings; Real-time analyses; Ensemble forecasts ID DOPPLER WIND ANALYSIS; DATA ASSIMILATION; KALMAN FILTER; RADAR DATA; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; TORNADIC SUPERCELL; CONVECTIVE-SCALE; WSR-88D RADAR; PART I; SYSTEM AB The current status and challenges associated with two aspects of Warn-on-Forecast a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration research project exploring the use of a convective-scale ensemble analysis and forecast system to support hazardous weather warning operations are outlined. These two project aspects are the production of a rapidly-updating assimilation system to incorporate data from multiple radars into a single analysis, and the ability of short-range ensemble forecasts of hazardous convective weather events to provide guidance that could be used to extend warning lead times for tornadoes, hailstorms, damaging windstorms and flash floods. Results indicate that a three-dimensional variational assimilation system, that blends observations from multiple radars into a single analysis, shows utility when evaluated by forecasters in the Hazardous Weather Testbed and may help increase confidence in a warning decision. The ability of short-range convective-scale ensemble forecasts to provide guidance that could be used in warning operations is explored for five events: two tornadic supercell thunderstorms, a macroburst, a damaging windstorm and a flash flood. Results show that the ensemble forecasts of the three individual severe thunderstorm events are very good, while the forecasts from the damaging windstorm and flash flood events, associated with mesoscale convective systems, are mixed. Important interactions between mesoscale and convective-scale features occur for the mesoscale convective system events that strongly influence the quality of the convective-scale forecasts. The development of a successful Warn-on-Forecast system will take many years and require the collaborative efforts of researchers and operational forecasters to succeed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stensrud, David J.; Wicker, Louis J.; Dawson, Daniel T., II; Yussouf, Nusrat; Wheatley, Dustan M.; Thompson, Therese E.; Smith, Travis M.; Potvin, Corey K.; Mansell, Edward R.; Kuhlman, Kristin M.; Jones, Thomas A.; Gao, Jidong; Coniglio, Michael C.; Brooks, Harold E.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Dawson, Daniel T., II; Yussouf, Nusrat; Wheatley, Dustan M.; Thompson, Therese E.; Smith, Travis M.; Kuhlman, Kristin M.; Jones, Thomas A.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Xue, Ming; Snook, Nathan A.; Schenkman, Alexander D.; Lei, Ting; Jung, Youngsun; Brewster, Keith A.] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Stensrud, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM David.Stensrud@noaa.gov RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011; Dawson II, Daniel/I-4552-2012; Ladwig, Therese/N-3272-2014; Jung, Youngsun/O-6227-2016; OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238; Dawson II, Daniel/0000-0002-2079-1247; Ladwig, Therese/0000-0002-0950-274X; Jung, Youngsun/0000-0003-2265-9837; Yussouf, Nusrat/0000-0003-4998-1770 FU NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory; NOM/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX The authors thank our Warn-on-Forecast partners for their support of this program, and the IT staffs of the various institutions for help with computing resources. We also appreciate the helpful and constructive input provided by two anonymous reviewers, which led to improvements in the presentation. This work was performed while co-author CKP held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory. Funding for some authors was provided by NOM/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement #NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 50 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 123 SI SI BP 2 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.04.004 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 112GL UT WOS:000316580600002 ER PT J AU Sokol, Z Kitzmiller, D Pesice, P Mejsnar, J AF Sokol, Zbynek Kitzmiller, David Pesice, Petr Mejsnar, Jan TI Comparison of precipitation nowcasting by extrapolation and statistical-advection methods SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Precipitation forecast; Statistical models; Regression; Quantitative precipitation forecast; Extrapolation forecast ID CONTINENTAL RADAR IMAGES; FORECAST VERIFICATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; MODEL; PREDICTABILITY; ACCUMULATIONS; IMPACT AB Two models for nowcasting of 1-h, 2-h and 3-h precipitation in the warm part of the year were evaluated. The first model was based on the extrapolation of observed radar reflectivity (COTREC-IPA) and the second one combined the extrapolation with the application of a statistical model (SAMR). The accuracy of the model forecasts was evaluated on independent data using the standard measures of root-mean-squared-error, absolute error, bias and correlation coefficient as well as by spatial verification methods Fractions Skill Score and SAL technique. The results show that SAMR yields slightly better forecasts during the afternoon period. On the other hand very small or no improvement is realized at night and in the very early morning. COTREC-IPA and SAMR forecast a very similar horizontal structure of precipitation patterns but the model forecasts differ in values. SAME, similarly as COTREC-IPA, is not able to develop new storms or significantly intensify already existing storms. This is caused by a large uncertainty regarding future development On the other hand, the SAMR model can reliably predict decreases in precipitation intensity. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sokol, Zbynek; Pesice, Petr; Mejsnar, Jan] Inst Atmospher Phys ASCR, Prague 14131, Czech Republic. [Kitzmiller, David] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Washington, DC USA. RP Sokol, Z (reprint author), Inst Atmospher Phys ASCR, Bocni II 1401, Prague 14131, Czech Republic. EM sokol@ufa.cas.cz RI Sokol, Zbynek/K-4382-2012; Pesice, Petr/F-5118-2014; Mejsnar, Jan/H-6271-2014 OI Sokol, Zbynek/0000-0001-9408-9138; FU Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [ME09033] FX The SAM model was developed in collaboration with the NOAA National Weather Service and the Institute of Atmospheric Physics ASCR. This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic under the grant ME09033. The data were kindly provided by the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. The authors would like to appreciate valuable comments of reviewers, which significantly improved the paper. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 123 SI SI BP 17 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.10.013 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 112GL UT WOS:000316580600003 ER PT J AU Brooks, HE AF Brooks, H. E. TI Severe thunderstorms and climate change SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Severe thunderstorms; Tornadoes; Climate change ID UNITED-STATES; REANALYSIS PROJECT; SEVERE HAILSTORMS; ENVIRONMENTS; PROBABILITY; PARAMETERS; INTENSITY; AUSTRALIA; TRENDS AB As the planet warms, it is important to consider possible impacts of climate change on severe thunderstorms and tornadoes. To further that discussion, the current distribution of severe thunderstorms as a function of large-scale environmental conditions is presented. Severe thunderstorms are much more likely to form in environments with large values of convective available potential energy (CAPE) and deep-tropospheric wind shear. Tornadoes and large hail are preferred in high-shear environments and non-tomadic wind events in low shear. Further, the intensity of tornadoes and hail, given that they occur, tends to be almost entirely a function of the shear and only weakly depends on the thermodynamics. Climate model simulations suggest that CAPE will increase in the future and the wind shear will decrease. Detailed analysis has suggested that the CAPE change will lead to more frequent environments favorable for severe thunderstorms, but the strong dependence on shear for tornadoes, particularly the strongest ones, and hail means that the interpretation of how individual hazards will change is open to question. The recent development of techniques to use higher-resolution models to estimate the occurrence of storms of various kinds is discussed. Given the large interannual variability in environments and occurrence of events, caution is urged in interpreting the observational record as evidence of climate change. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Brooks, HE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM harold.brooks@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 71 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 123 SI SI BP 129 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.04.002 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 112GL UT WOS:000316580600011 ER PT J AU Hitchens, NM Brooks, HE AF Hitchens, Nathan M. Brooks, Harold E. TI Preliminary investigation of the contribution of supercell thunderstorms to the climatology of heavy and extreme precipitation in the United States SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Rainfall; Precipitation; Supercell; Thunderstorm; Extremes; Severe storms ID EVENTS; QPE AB The hazards attributed to supercell thunderstorms are primarily considered to be tornadoes, large hail, and damaging winds, but flooding from heavy and extreme rainfall is not as often considered with these storms. As a result there has been little research on the role that supercells play in the production of heavy and extreme rainfall events. In order to assess the contribution of supercells to the climatology of short-duration precipitation extremes the present study uses the Warning Decision Support System Integrated Information to objectively identify supercell thunderstorms from mosaicked radar data during the year 2009 and associate them with high-resolution, accurate multisensor precipitation estimates at time scales of one hour. Supercells are found to be more likely than non-supercells to produce extreme and heavy precipitation, and comparisons are also made between storm types according to month. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hitchens, Nathan M.; Brooks, Harold E.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Hitchens, NM (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM Nathan.Hitchens@noaa.gov OI Hitchens, Nathan/0000-0003-4659-111X FU National Severe Storms Laboratory FX This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Severe Storms Laboratory. The authors would like to thank John Cintineo for sharing his storm typing dataset, Angelyn Hobson and Valliappa Lakshmanan for their help with WDSS-II, and the National Severe Storms Laboratory's Hydrometeorology Research Group for providing and assisting with Q2 data. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 123 SI SI BP 206 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.06.023 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 112GL UT WOS:000316580600017 ER PT J AU Setvak, M Bedka, K Lindsey, DT Sokol, A Charvat, Z St'astka, J Wang, PK AF Setvak, Martin Bedka, Kristopher Lindsey, Daniel T. Sokol, Alois Charvat, Zdenek St'astka, Jindrich Wang, Pao K. TI A-Train observations of deep convective storm tops SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Convective storm; Storm-top; Overshooting top; Cold-ring shape; Cold-U shape; Enhanced-V feature; Lower stratosphere; A-Train, CloudSat; CALIPSO; MODIS ID 3-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; OKLAHOMA TORNADIC STORMS; UPPER-LEVEL STRUCTURE; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; WATER-VAPOR; THUNDERSTORM; CLOUDS; STRATOSPHERE; DYNAMICS AB The paper highlights simultaneous observations of tops of deep convective clouds from several space-borne instruments including the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) of the Aqua satellite, Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) of the CloudSat satellite, and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) flown on the CALIPSO satellite. These satellites share very close orbits, thus together with several other satellites they are referred to as the "A-Train" constellation. Though the primary responsibility of these satellites and their instrumentation is much broader than observations of fine-scale processes atop convective storms, in this study we document how data from the A-Train can contribute to a better understanding and interpretation of various storm-top features, such as overshooting tops, cold-U/V and cold ring features with their coupled embedded warm areas, above anvil ice plumes and jumping cirrus. The relationships between MODIS multi-spectral brightness temperature difference (BTD) fields and cloud top signatures observed by the CPR and CALIOP are also examined in detail to highlight the variability in BTD signals across convective storm events. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Setvak, Martin; Charvat, Zdenek; St'astka, Jindrich] Czech Hydrometeorol Inst, Prague, Czech Republic. [Bedka, Kristopher] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Lindsey, Daniel T.] NOAA, NESDIS, RAMMB, CIRA,CSU, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Sokol, Alois] Comenius Univ, Fac Math Phys & Informat, Bratislava, Slovakia. [St'astka, Jindrich] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Wang, Pao K.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI USA. RP Setvak, M (reprint author), CHMI, Sabatce 17, CZ-14306 Prague 4, Czech Republic. EM setvak@chmi.cz RI Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010 OI Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683 FU Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [205/07/0905]; Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of the Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic [SW-2011-263308]; Grant C/SSAI/ASAP Program [2626-08-021 Task 1-020CY4]; [NSF ATM-0729898] FX The authors wish to acknowledge Mike Fromm (Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C.) and Louie Grasso (Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Ft. Collins, CO) for their valuable comments, suggestions and/or long-term support of this study, as well as NASA, NOAA and EUMETSAT for their data used in this study. Parts of this research were carried out under support of the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic, project 205/07/0905; Grant SW-2011-263308 of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of the Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Grant NSF ATM-0729898; and Grant C/SSAI/ASAP 2010 Program, Contract # 2626-08-021 Task 1-020CY4. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 123 SI SI BP 229 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.06.020 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 112GL UT WOS:000316580600019 ER PT J AU Kaltenboeck, R Ryzhkov, A AF Kaltenboeck, Rudolf Ryzhkov, Alexander TI Comparison of polarimetric signatures of hail at S and C bands for different hail sizes SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hail; Hail size; Dual polarized weather radar; Comparison C band and S band; Thunderstorm; Polarimetric signatures ID HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; POLARIZATION EXPERIMENT; RADAR DATA; ATTENUATION; ALGORITHM; WSR-88D; PERFORMANCE; INDICATOR; STORMS; ECHO AB In this study, severe hail cases in Oklahoma/USA are investigated by analyzing the data simultaneously collected by two closely located polarimetric weather radars operating at S and C bands. Polarimetric radar variables measured in the presence of hail at C band are quite different from the ones at S band due to more pronounced effects of resonance scattering and much stronger impact of attenuation. The differences are particularly strong in melting hail below the freezing level, but they can be substantial even at higher altitudes where hail is dry or grows in wet regime. As a consequence, the algorithms for hail detection and determination of its size developed at S band can't be directly applied to C band. Differences between vertical profiles of radar reflectivity Z, differential reflectivity Z(DR), and cross-correlation coefficient rho(hv) in hail-bearing parts of the storms have been examined for large and giant hail. It is shown that in the presence of hail, Z(DR)(C) is usually higher than Z(DR)(S) and rho(hv)(C) 0.93 and rms-differences < 0.012 Nm(-2). TropFlux wind stresses exhibit a small, but consistent improvement (at all timescales and most locations) over ERA-I, with an overall 17 % reduction in root mean square error. ERA-I and TropFlux agree best with long-term mean zonal wind stress observations at equatorial latitudes. All products tend to underestimate the zonal wind stress seasonal cycle by similar to 20 % in the western and central equatorial Pacific. TropFlux and ERA-I equatorial zonal wind stresses have clearly the best phase agreement with mooring data at intraseasonal and interannual timescales (correlation of similar to 0.9 versus similar to 0.8 at best for any other product), with TropFlux correcting the similar to 13 % underestimation of ERA-I variance at both timescales. For example, TropFlux was the best at reproducing westerly wind bursts that played a key role in the 1997-1998 El Nio onset. Hence, we recommend the use of TropFlux for studies of equatorial ocean dynamics. C1 [Kumar, B. Praveen; Lengaigne, M.] CSIR, Natl Inst Oceanog, Phys Oceanog Div, Panaji 403004, Goa, India. [Vialard, J.; Lengaigne, M.; Pinsard, F.] UPMC, CNRS, IRD, Lab Oceanog Experimentat & Approches Numer, Paris, France. [Murty, V. S. N.] CSIR, Reg Ctr, Natl Inst Oceanog, Vishakhapatnam, India. [McPhaden, M. J.; Cronin, M. F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Reddy, K. Gopala] Andhra Univ, Dept Meteorol & Oceanog, Ctr Bay Bengal Studies, Vishakhapatnam, India. RP Kumar, BP (reprint author), CSIR, Natl Inst Oceanog, Phys Oceanog Div, Panaji 403004, Goa, India. EM pkb_ocean@yahoo.co.in RI Vialard, Jerome/C-2809-2008; Lengaigne, Matthieu/K-4345-2013; Lengaigne, Matthieu/M-8321-2014; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Vialard, Jerome/0000-0001-6876-3766; Lengaigne, Matthieu/0000-0002-0044-036X; FU Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR, Govt. of India); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD, France) at Laboratoire d'Oce'anographie Experimentation et Approches Numeriques (LOCEAN, Paris); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); NOAA FX The development of TropFlux product is the result of a joint research collaboration between National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR/NIO, Goa, India), Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD, France), Institute Pierre et Simon Laplace (IPSL, Paris, France) and Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (NOAA/PMEL, Seattle, Washington). BPK and VSNM thank Director, National Institute of Oceanography, India, for his keen interest in this study. The lead author is supported by a Senior Research Fellowship (SRF) from Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR, Govt. of India) and a 1-year research grant from Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD, France) and did part of this work whilst at Laboratoire d'Oce'anographie Experimentation et Approches Numeriques (LOCEAN, Paris). JV and ML are funded by Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD) and did this work while visiting National Institute of Oceanography (NIO, India). MJM is supported by NOAA. NOAA's Climate Program Office provided support for the calculation of the TPR fluxes. We sincerely thank the providers of NCEP and NCEP2 re-analyses data (NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA), ERA-Interim (European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting, Reading, United Kingdom), QuikSCAT winds (CERSAT-IFREMER, Brest, France). The mooring data were made freely available by the TAO-PIRATA-RAMA (PMEL-NOAA, Seattle, USA) and OceanSITES international projects, and the national programs that contribute to them. Discussions with A. Beljars (ECMWF) on drag coefficient provided useful inputs. A. Bentamy (IFREMER, France) and W. Ebisuzaki (NOAA, USA) provided useful discussions on wind-wave corrections. Critical comments from two anonymous reviewers greatly helped to improve an earlier version of the manuscript and we acknowledge that. This is NIO contribution number 5204 and PMEL contribution number 3783. NR 99 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD APR PY 2013 VL 40 IS 7-8 BP 2049 EP 2071 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1455-4 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 119CV UT WOS:000317075700030 ER PT J AU Redfern, JV Mckenna, MF Moore, TJ Calambokidis, J Deangelis, ML Becker, EA Barlow, J Forney, KA Fiedler, PC Chivers, SJ AF Redfern, J. V. Mckenna, M. F. Moore, T. J. Calambokidis, J. Deangelis, M. L. Becker, E. A. Barlow, J. Forney, K. A. Fiedler, P. C. Chivers, S. J. TI Assessing the Risk of Ships Striking Large Whales in Marine Spatial Planning SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE commercial shipping; generalized additive models; habitat modeling; risk analysis ID EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; BLUE; ABUNDANCE; AUTOCORRELATION; HUMPBACK; ECOLOGY; HABITAT; MODEL AB Marine spatial planning provides a comprehensive framework for managing multiple uses of the marine environment and has the potential to minimize environmental impacts and reduce conflicts among users. Spatially explicit assessments of the risks to key marine species from human activities are a requirement of marine spatial planning. We assessed the risk of ships striking humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae), blue (Balaenoptera musculus), and fin (Balaenoptera physalus) whales in alternative shipping routes derived from patterns of shipping traffic off Southern California (U.S.A.). Specifically, we developed whale-habitat models and assumed ship-strike risk for the alternative shipping routes was proportional to the number of whales predicted by the models to occur within each route. This definition of risk assumes all ships travel within a single route. We also calculated risk assuming ships travel via multiple routes. We estimated the potential for conflict between shipping and other uses (military training and fishing) due to overlap with the routes. We also estimated the overlap between shipping routes and protected areas. The route with the lowest risk for humpback whales had the highest risk for fin whales and vice versa. Risk to both species may be ameliorated by creating a new route south of the northern Channel Islands and spreading traffic between this new route and the existing route in the Santa Barbara Channel. Creating a longer route may reduce the overlap between shipping and other uses by concentrating shipping traffic. Blue whales are distributed more evenly across our study area than humpback and fin whales; thus, risk could not be ameliorated by concentrating shipping traffic in any of the routes we considered. Reducing ship-strike risk for blue whales may be necessary because our estimate of the potential number of strikes suggests that they are likely to exceed allowable levels of anthropogenic impacts established under U.S. laws. C1 [Redfern, J. V.; Moore, T. J.; Barlow, J.; Fiedler, P. C.; Chivers, S. J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Mckenna, M. F.] Marine Mammal Commiss, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Calambokidis, J.] Cascadia Res, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Deangelis, M. L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Protected Resources Div, Southwest Reg Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. [Becker, E. A.; Forney, K. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Redfern, JV (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM jessica.redfern@noaa.gov OI Moore, Thomas/0000-0002-0243-6049 NR 33 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 124 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 27 IS 2 BP 292 EP 302 DI 10.1111/cobi.12029 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 113UN UT WOS:000316694600008 PM 23521668 ER PT J AU Fair, PA Romano, T Schaefer, AM Reif, JS Bossart, GD Houde, M Muir, D Adams, J Rice, C Hulsey, TC Peden-Adams, M AF Fair, Patricia A. Romano, Tracy Schaefer, Adam M. Reif, John S. Bossart, Gregory D. Houde, Magali Muir, Derek Adams, Jeff Rice, Charles Hulsey, Thomas C. Peden-Adams, Margie TI Associations between perfluoroalkyl compounds and immune and clinical chemistry parameters in highly exposed bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Perfluoroalkyl compounds; Immunology; Hematology; Serum chemistry; Bottlenose dolphins ID PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE PFOS; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; AMMONIUM PERFLUOROOCTANOATE; CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS; ESTUARINE AREAS; LIVER-ENZYMES; B6C3F1 MICE; ACID PFOA; US ADULTS AB Perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) are ubiquitous, persistent chemical contaminants found in the environment, wildlife, and humans. Despite the widespread occurrence of PFCs, little is known about the impact these contaminants have on the health of wildlife populations. The authors investigated the relationship between PFCs (including Sigma perfluorocarboxylates, Sigma perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorooctanoic acid, and perfluorodecanoic acid) and the clinocopathologic and immune parameters in a highly exposed population (n=79) of Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (mean Sigma PFCs=1970ng/ml; range 5748670ng/ml) sampled from 2003 to 2005 near Charleston, South Carolina, USA. Age-adjusted linear regression models showed statistically significant positive associations between exposure to one or more of the PFC totals and/or individual analytes and the following immunological parameters: absolute numbers of CD2+ T cells, CD4+ helper T cells, CD19+ immature B cells, CD21+ mature B cells, CD2/CD21 ratio, MHCII+ cells, B cell proliferation, serum IgG1, granulocytic, and monocytic phagocytosis. Several PFC analyte groups were also positively associated with serum alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatinine, phosphorus, amylase, and anion gap and negatively associated with cholesterol levels, creatinine phosphokinase, eosinophils, and monocytes. Based on these relationships, the authors suggest that the PFC concentrations found in Charleston dolphins may have effects on immune, hematopoietic, kidney, and liver function. The results contribute to the emerging data on PFC health effects in this first study to describe associations between PFCs and health parameters in dolphins. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:736746. (c) 2013 SETAC C1 [Fair, Patricia A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. [Romano, Tracy] Mystic Aquarium, Mystic, CT USA. [Romano, Tracy] Inst Explorat, Mystic, CT USA. [Schaefer, Adam M.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch, Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Reif, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA USA. [Houde, Magali] Environm Canada, Ctr St Laurent, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Muir, Derek] Environm Canada, Aquat Ecosyst Protect Res Div, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Adams, Jeff] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Rice, Charles] Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Hulsey, Thomas C.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Peden-Adams, Margie] Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Fair, PA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. EM pat.fair@noaa.gov OI Muir, Derek/0000-0001-6631-9776 FU NOAA/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science/Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research; NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health/Stranding Response; Florida Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate FX We would like to thank the numerous researchers who participated in the dolphin capture and release studies in South Carolina and Florida. We are especially grateful to F. Townsend, L. Hansen, E. Zolman, S. McCulloch, L. Fulford, the staff from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, the collaborators and veterinarians who provided their expertise, and the many volunteers whose help made the health assessment studies possible. We thank M. Mollenhauer, D. Keil, M. Keogh, D. Beal, S. Casinghton, J. EuDaly, M. Lee, L. Heesman (immunology), W. McFee (age analysis), J. Stott (antibodies), and M. Ebling (statistics). The present study was supported through the NOAA/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science/Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health/Stranding Response and Florida Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate. NR 83 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 4 BP 736 EP 746 DI 10.1002/etc.2122 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 112VG UT WOS:000316621700004 PM 23322558 ER PT J AU Keller, JM AF Keller, Jennifer M. TI Forty-seven days of decay does not change persistent organic pollutant levels in loggerhead sea turtle eggs SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Marine turtle; Reptile egg; Environmental contaminant; Environmental specimen banking; Nonlethal sampling ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; KESTRELS FALCO-SPARVERIUS; GREAT-LAKES BASIN; CARETTA-CARETTA; CHELYDRA-SERPENTINA; AMERICAN KESTRELS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ATLANTIC WATERS; FLAME-RETARDANT AB Reptile and bird eggs are priority samples for specimen banking programs that assess spatial and temporal trends of environmental contaminants. From endangered species, such as sea turtles, nonlethal sampling is required (e.g., unhatched eggs collected postemergence). Previous contaminant monitoring studies have used unhatched sea turtle eggs, but no study has tested whether their concentrations represent levels found in fresh eggs (e.g., eggs collected within 24h of oviposition). The author analyzed three fresh eggs from different nest depths and up to three unhatched eggs from 10 loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) nests in South Carolina, USA, for a suite of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Lipid-normalized POP concentrations were not significantly different (p>0.05) between fresh and unhatched eggs or among different depths from the same nest. The POP concentrations in loggerhead eggs from South Carolina were higher than previously measured concentrations in eggs from Florida and slightly lower than concentrations in eggs from North Carolina. This pattern agrees with previously observed trends of increasing POP concentrations in loggerhead turtles inhabiting northern latitudes along the U.S. East Coast. Contaminant profiles are discussed, including a higher chlorinated pattern of polychlorinated biphenyls possibly associated with a Superfund site in nearby Brunswick, Georgia, USA, and unusual polybrominated diphenylether patterns seen in this and previous sea turtle studies. Concentrations correlated with one of eight measurements of reproductive success; levels were negatively correlated with egg mass (p<0.05), which may have implications for hatchling fitness. The present study suggests that unhatched eggs can be used for POP-monitoring projects. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:747756. (c) 2013 SETAC C1 NIST, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. RP Keller, JM (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. EM Jennifer.Keller@noaa.gov NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 4 BP 747 EP 756 DI 10.1002/etc.2127 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 112VG UT WOS:000316621700005 PM 23418059 ER PT J AU Ames, CL Yanagihara, AA Keil, D Lawley, JW Van Blerk, J Gillan, B Bentlage, B Bely, A Collins, AG AF Ames, Lewis C. Yanagihara, A. A. Keil, D. Lawley, J. W. Van Blerk, J. Gillan, B. Bentlage, B. Bely, A. Collins, A. G. TI Establishing the neotype of the enigmatic oceanic box jellyfish Alatina alata (Reynaud 1830) (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Fed Santa Catarina, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. Boynton Beach Community High Sch, Boynton Beach, FL USA. Smithsonian NMNH, NMFS, NSL, Balboa, Panama. EM clames1@umd.edu RI Lawley, Jonathan/S-5825-2016 OI Lawley, Jonathan/0000-0003-1267-5294 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 44 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 53 SU 1 BP E126 EP E126 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 117ZG UT WOS:000316991401040 ER PT J AU Fay, SA Swiney, K Foy, R Stillman, JH AF Fay, S. A. Swiney, K. Foy, R. Stillman, J. H. TI De novo assembly of the Paralithodes camtschaticus (Red King Crab) transcriptome to inform its response to ocean acidification SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak, AK USA. EM scott.a.fay@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 53 SU 1 BP E281 EP E281 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 117ZG UT WOS:000316991402181 ER PT J AU Godwin, J Luckenbach, JA Holler, BL Daniels, HV Borski, RJ AF Godwin, J. Luckenbach, J. A. Holler, B. L. Daniels, H., V Borski, R. J. TI Environmental influences on sex determination in flatfishes SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NOAA, Washington, DC USA. EM John_Godwin@ncsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 53 SU 1 BP E79 EP E79 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 117ZG UT WOS:000316991400316 ER PT J AU Kuwahara, A Meyer, C Collins, A AF Kuwahara, A. Meyer, C. Collins, A. TI Assessing Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) as Biodiversity Monitors SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 Humboldt State Univ, Arcata, CA USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NOAA NMFS, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM aak23@humboldt.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 53 SU 1 BP E119 EP E119 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 117ZG UT WOS:000316991401010 ER PT J AU Marshall, HM Brill, R Bushnell, P Skomal, G Bernal, D AF Marshall, H. M. Brill, R. Bushnell, P. Skomal, G. Bernal, D. TI Comparison of fishing-induced stress response and post-release mortality between sandbar (Carcharhinus plumbeus) and dusky (Carcharhinus obscurus) sharks SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, N Dartmouth, MA USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci NOAA, Gloucester Point, VA USA. Indiana Univ South Bend, South Bend, IN USA. Massachusetts Div Marine Fisheries, Gloucester Point, VA USA. EM hmarshall@umassd.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 53 SU 1 BP E137 EP E137 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 117ZG UT WOS:000316991401081 ER PT J AU Smith, KA Dunne, JP Sarmiento, JL AF Smith, K. A. Dunne, J. P. Sarmiento, J. L. TI Predicting the effect of multiple stressors on respiratory niches in the pelagic ocean over the next century SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM kas3@princeton.edu RI Dunne, John/F-8086-2012 OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 53 SU 1 BP E202 EP E202 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 117ZG UT WOS:000316991401342 ER PT J AU Snyder, S Kohin, S Childers, J Franks, PJS AF Snyder, S. Kohin, S. Childers, J. Franks, P. J. S. TI Thermal Physiology of albacore tuna, , as revealed through archival tagging data SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) C1 Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. EM smsnyder@ucsd.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 53 SU 1 BP E203 EP E203 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 117ZG UT WOS:000316991401346 ER PT J AU Fierro, AO Leslie, LM AF Fierro, Alexandre O. Leslie, Lance M. TI Links between Central West Western Australian Rainfall Variability and Large-Scale Climate Drivers SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; INDIAN-OCEAN DIPOLE; HEMISPHERE ANNULAR MODE; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; WINTER RAINFALL; SUMMER RAINFALL; OSCILLATION INDEX; EL-NINO; SOUTHWEST; CIRCULATION AB Over the past century, and especially after the 1970s, rainfall observations show an increase (decrease) of the wet summer (winter) season rainfall over northwest (southwest) Western Australia. The rainfall in central west Western Australia (CWWA), however, has exhibited comparatively much weaker coastal trends, but a more prominent inland increase during the wet summer season. Analysis of seasonally averaged rainfall data from a group of stations, representative of both the coastal and inland regions of CWWA, revealed that rainfall trends during the 1958-2010 period in the wet months of November-April were primarily associated with El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and with the southern annular mode (SAM) farther inland. During the wet months of May-October, the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) showed the most robust relationships. Those results hold when the effects of ENSO or IOD are excluded, and were confirmed using a principal component analysis of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, rainfall wavelet analyses, and point-by-point correlations of rainfall with global SST anomaly fields. Although speculative, given their long-term averages, reanalysis data suggest that from 1958 to 2010 the increase in CWWA inland rainfall largely is attributable to an increasing cyclonic anomaly trend over CWWA, bringing onshore moist tropical flow to the Pilbara coast. During May-October, the flow anomaly exhibits a transition from an onshore to offshore flow regime in the 2001-10 decade, which is consistent with the observed weaker drying trend during this period. C1 [Fierro, Alexandre O.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Fierro, Alexandre O.] Univ Oklahoma, NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Fierro, Alexandre O.; Leslie, Lance M.] Curtin Univ Technol, Australian Sustainable Dev Inst, Perth, WA, Australia. [Leslie, Lance M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Fierro, AO (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Suite 2100,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM afierro@ou.edu RI Fierro, Alexandre/C-4733-2014 OI Fierro, Alexandre/0000-0002-4859-1255 FU Australian Sustainable Development Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement [NA08OAR4320904]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX Funding of this research largely was provided by the Australian Sustainable Development Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia. Funding was also provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA08OAR4320904, U.S. Department of Commerce. Computer resources were provided by the Oklahoma Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER) hosted at the University of Oklahoma. The authors also thank Dr. Michael Richman for valuable insights at an earlier stage of the manuscript. The authors would also thank Dr. Vimont and three anonymous reviewers for their critical comments, which helped improve the quality of the manuscript. NR 81 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 7 BP 2222 EP 2246 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00129.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117GL UT WOS:000316941400006 ER PT J AU Dunne, JP John, JG Shevliakova, E Stouffer, RJ Krasting, JP Malyshev, SL Milly, PCD Sentman, LT Adcroft, AJ Cooke, W Dunne, KA Griffies, SM Hallberg, RW Harrison, MJ Levy, H Wittenberg, AT Phillips, PJ Zadeh, N AF Dunne, John P. John, Jasmin G. Shevliakova, Elena Stouffer, Ronald J. Krasting, John P. Malyshev, Sergey L. Milly, P. C. D. Sentman, Lori T. Adcroft, Alistair J. Cooke, William Dunne, Krista A. Griffies, Stephen M. Hallberg, Robert W. Harrison, Matthew J. Levy, Hiram Wittenberg, Andrew T. Phillips, Peter J. Zadeh, Niki TI GFDL's ESM2 Global Coupled Climate-Carbon Earth System Models. Part II: Carbon System Formulation and Baseline Simulation Characteristics SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; DIOXIDE UPTAKE; OCEAN; CYCLE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; VEGETATION; PRODUCTIVITY AB The authors describe carbon system formulation and simulation characteristics of two new global coupled carbon-climate Earth System Models (ESM), ESM2M and ESM2G. These models demonstrate good climate fidelity as described in part I of this study while incorporating explicit and consistent carbon dynamics. The two models differ almost exclusively in the physical ocean component; ESM2M uses the Modular Ocean Model version 4.1 with vertical pressure layers, whereas ESM2G uses generalized ocean layer dynamics with a bulk mixed layer and interior isopycnal layers. On land, both ESMs include a revised land model to simulate competitive vegetation distributions and functioning, including carbon cycling among vegetation, soil, and atmosphere. In the ocean, both models include new biogeochemical algorithms including phytoplankton functional group dynamics with flexible stoichiometry. Preindustrial simulations are spun up to give stable, realistic carbon cycle means and variability. Significant differences in simulation characteristics of these two models are described. Because of differences in oceanic ventilation rates, ESM2M has a stronger biological carbon pump but weaker northward implied atmospheric CO2 transport than ESM2G. The major advantages of ESM2G over ESM2M are improved representation of surface chlorophyll in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and thermocline nutrients and oxygen in the North Pacific. Improved tree mortality parameters in ESM2G produced more realistic carbon accumulation in vegetation pools. The major advantages of ESM2M over ESM2G are reduced nutrient and oxygen biases in the southern and tropical oceans. C1 [Dunne, John P.; John, Jasmin G.; Stouffer, Ronald J.; Krasting, John P.; Milly, P. C. D.; Sentman, Lori T.; Dunne, Krista A.; Griffies, Stephen M.; Hallberg, Robert W.; Harrison, Matthew J.; Levy, Hiram; Wittenberg, Andrew T.; Phillips, Peter J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Shevliakova, Elena; Malyshev, Sergey L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Krasting, John P.; Cooke, William; Zadeh, Niki] DRC GFDL, High Performance Technol Grp, Princeton, NJ USA. [Milly, P. C. D.; Dunne, Krista A.] US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ USA. [Adcroft, Alistair J.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Dunne, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM john.dunne@noaa.gov RI Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Sentman, Lori/D-4402-2014; Zadeh, Niki/F-4532-2014; Shevliakova, Elena/J-5770-2014; Adcroft, Alistair/E-5949-2010; John, Jasmin/F-8194-2012 OI Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Adcroft, Alistair/0000-0001-9413-1017; John, Jasmin/0000-0003-2696-277X NR 65 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 3 U2 72 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 7 BP 2247 EP 2267 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00150.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117GL UT WOS:000316941400007 ER PT J AU Winton, M Griffies, SM Samuels, BL Sarmiento, JL Frolicher, TL AF Winton, Michael Griffies, Stephen M. Samuels, Bonita L. Sarmiento, Jorge L. Froelicher, Thomas L. TI Connecting Changing Ocean Circulation with Changing Climate SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; PART I; FORMULATION; MODELS AB The influence of changing ocean currents on climate change is evaluated by comparing an earth system model's response to increased CO2 with and without an ocean circulation response. Inhibiting the ocean circulation response, by specifying a seasonally varying preindustrial climatology of currents, has a much larger influence on the heat storage pattern than on the carbon storage pattern. The heat storage pattern without circulation changes resembles carbon storage (either with or without circulation changes) more than it resembles the heat storage when currents are allowed to respond. This is shown to be due to the larger magnitude of the redistribution transport-the change in transport due to circulation anomalies acting on control climate gradients-for heat than for carbon. The net ocean heat and carbon uptake are slightly reduced when currents are allowed to respond. Hence, ocean circulation changes potentially act to warm the surface climate. However, the impact of the reduced carbon uptake on radiative forcing is estimated to be small while the redistribution heat transport shifts ocean heat uptake from low to high latitudes, increasing its cooling power. Consequently, global surface warming is significantly reduced by circulation changes. Circulation changes also shift the pattern of warming from broad Northern Hemisphere amplification to a more structured pattern with reduced warming at subpolar latitudes in both hemispheres and enhanced warming near the equator. C1 [Winton, Michael; Griffies, Stephen M.; Samuels, Bonita L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Sarmiento, Jorge L.; Froelicher, Thomas L.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Winton, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM michael.winton@noaa.gov RI Frolicher, Thomas/E-5137-2015 OI Frolicher, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7854 NR 23 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 34 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 7 BP 2268 EP 2278 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00296.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117GL UT WOS:000316941400008 ER PT J AU Emanuel, K Solomon, S Folini, D Davis, S Cagnazzo, C AF Emanuel, Kerry Solomon, Susan Folini, Doris Davis, Sean Cagnazzo, Chiara TI Influence of Tropical Tropopause Layer Cooling on Atlantic Hurricane Activity SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID RADIOSONDE TEMPERATURE DATA; BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; TEMPORAL HOMOGENIZATION; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; IPCC AR4; PART I; SIMULATIONS; CLIMATE; TRENDS; REANALYSIS AB Virtually all metrics of Atlantic tropical cyclone activity show substantial increases over the past two decades. It is argued here that cooling near the tropical tropopause and the associated decrease in tropical cyclone outflow temperature contributed to the observed increase in tropical cyclone potential intensity over this period. Quantitative uncertainties in the magnitude of the cooling are important, but a broad range of observations supports some cooling. Downscalings of the output of atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) that are driven by observed sea surface temperatures and sea ice cover produce little if any increase in Atlantic tropical cyclone metrics over the past two decades, even though observed variability before roughly 1970 is well simulated by some of the models. Part of this shortcoming is traced to the failure of the AGCMs examined to reproduce the observed cooling of the lower stratosphere and tropical tropopause layer (TTL) over the past few decades. The authors caution against using sea surface temperature or proxies based on it to make projections of tropical cyclone activity as there can be significant contributions from other variables such as the outflow temperature. The proposed mechanisms of TTL cooling (e. g., ozone depletion and stratospheric circulation changes) are reviewed, and the need for improved representations of these processes in global models in order to improve projections of future tropical cyclone activity is emphasized. C1 [Emanuel, Kerry; Solomon, Susan] MIT, Program Atmospheres Oceans & Climate, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Folini, Doris] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Davis, Sean] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Davis, Sean] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cagnazzo, Chiara] Euromediterranean Ctr Climate Change, Bologna, Italy. [Cagnazzo, Chiara] CNR, ISAC, Rome, Italy. RP Emanuel, K (reprint author), MIT, Room 54-1814,77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM emanuel@mit.edu RI Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; Cagnazzo, Chiara/C-7194-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158; cagnazzo, chiara/0000-0002-2054-0448 FU National Centers for Competence in Research (NCCR) in the context of the HyClim project; National Science Foundation [AGS-0850639] FX The authors thank Michael Mann, Michael Kozar, Caspar Ammann, and Bette Otto-Bleisner for providing the CAM3 model output, and Natalie Mahowald and Amato Evan for output from the slab ocean version of CAM3. We thank Ming Zhao of NOAA/GFDL for providing output of the GFDLHiRAM model. ECHAM5-HAM computations were performed at the Swiss National Supercomputing Center (CSCS). We also thank David Raymond, Jim Kossin, and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments that led to significant improvement of the originalmanuscript. DF was financially supported by the National Centers for Competence in Research (NCCR) in the context of the HyClim project. The first author's contributions were supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant AGS-0850639. NR 48 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 7 BP 2288 EP 2301 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00242.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117GL UT WOS:000316941400010 ER PT J AU Emile-Geay, J Cobb, KM Mann, ME Wittenberg, AT AF Emile-Geay, Julien Cobb, Kimberly M. Mann, Michael E. Wittenberg, Andrew T. TI Estimating Central Equatorial Pacific SST Variability over the Past Millennium. Part I: Methodology and Validation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; PROXY-BASED RECONSTRUCTIONS; MULTIDECADAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY; EL-NINO/SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; CORAL-BASED RECONSTRUCTION; NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; TREE-RING CHRONOLOGIES; STABLE-ISOTOPE RECORD; WESTERN INDIAN-OCEAN AB Constraining the low-frequency (LF) behavior of general circulation models (GCMs) requires reliable observational estimates of LF variability. This two-part paper presents multiproxy reconstructions of Nino-3.4 sea surface temperature over the last millennium, applying two techniques [ composite plus scale (CPS) and hybrid regularized expectation maximization (RegEM) truncated total least squares (TTLS)] to a network of tropical, high-resolution proxy records. This first part presents the data and methodology before evaluating their predictive skill using frozen network analysis (FNA) and pseudoproxy experiments. The FNA results suggest that about half of the Nino-3.4 variance can be reconstructed back to A. D. 1000, but they show little LF skill during certain intervals. More variance can be reconstructed in the interannual band where climate signals are strongest, but this band is affected by dating uncertainties (which are not formally addressed here). The CPS reliably estimates interannual variability, while LF fluctuations are more faithfully reconstructed with RegEM, albeit with inevitable variance loss. The RegEM approach is also tested on representative pseudoproxy networks derived from two millennium-long integrations of a coupled GCM. The pseudoproxy study confirms that reconstruction skill is significant in both the interannual and LF bands, provided that sufficient variance is exhibited in the target Nino-3.4 index. It also suggests that FNA severely underestimates LF skill, even when LF variability is strong, resulting in overly pessimistic performance assessments. The centennial-scale variance of the historical Nino-3.4 index falls somewhere between the two model simulations, suggesting that the network and methodology presented here would be able to capture the leading LF variations in Nino-3.4 for much of the past millennium, with the caveats noted above. C1 [Emile-Geay, Julien] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Cobb, Kimberly M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Mann, Michael E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wittenberg, Andrew T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Emile-Geay, J (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, 3651 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM julieneg@usc.edu RI Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Emile-Geay, Julien/B-1102-2010; Mann, Michael/B-8472-2017 OI Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Emile-Geay, Julien/0000-0001-5920-4751; Mann, Michael/0000-0003-3067-296X FU NOAA [NA06OAR4310116] FX We acknowledge funding from NOAA Grant NA06OAR4310116. The authors thank Scott Rutherford, Emanuele DiLorenzo, Judith Curry, Kettyah Chaak, Tapio Schneider, Julie Richey, David Black, Kevin Anchukaitis, Paige Green, Glenn Alexander, Athanassios Protopapas, and Toby Ault for providing data, technical help, and support. NR 158 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 43 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 7 BP 2302 EP 2328 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00510.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117GL UT WOS:000316941400011 ER PT J AU Emile-Geay, J Cobb, KM Mann, ME Wittenberg, AT AF Emile-Geay, Julien Cobb, Kimberly M. Mann, Michael E. Wittenberg, Andrew T. TI Estimating Central Equatorial Pacific SST Variability over the Past Millennium. Part II: Reconstructions and Implications SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EL-NINO/SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; TREE-RING CHRONOLOGIES; CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; LAST ICE-AGE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SOLAR VARIABILITY; NORTH PACIFIC; UNITED-STATES AB Reducing the uncertainties surrounding the impacts of anthropogenic climate change requires vetting general circulation models (GCMs) against long records of past natural climate variability. This is particularly challenging in the tropical Pacific Ocean, where short, sparse instrumental data preclude GCM validation on multidecadal to centennial time scales. This two-part paper demonstrates the application of two statistical methodologies to a network of accurately dated tropical climate records to reconstruct sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the Nino-3.4 region over the past millennium. While Part I described the methods and established their validity and limitations, this paper presents several reconstructions of Nino-3.4, analyzes their sensitivity to procedural choices and input data, and compares them to climate forcing time series and previously published tropical Pacific SST reconstructions. The reconstructions herein show remarkably similar behavior at decadal to multidecadal scales, but diverge markedly on centennial scales. The amplitude of centennial variability in each reconstruction scales with the magnitude of the A. D. 1860-1995 trend in the target dataset's Nino-3.4 index, with Extended Reconstructed SST, version 3 (ERSSTv3) > the Second Hadley Centre SST dataset (HadSST2) > Kaplan SST; these discrepancies constitute a major source of uncertainty in reconstructing preinstrumental Nino-3.4 SST. Despite inevitable variance losses, the reconstructed multidecadal variability exceeds that simulated by a state-of-the-art GCM (forced and unforced) over the past millennium, while reconstructed centennial variability is incompatible with constant boundary conditions. Wavelet coherence analysis reveals a robust antiphasing between solar forcing and Nino-3.4 SST on bicentennial time scales, but not on shorter time scales. Implications for GCM representations of the tropical Pacific climate response to radiative forcing are then discussed. C1 [Emile-Geay, Julien] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Cobb, Kimberly M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Mann, Michael E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wittenberg, Andrew T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Emile-Geay, J (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, 3651 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM julieneg@usc.edu RI Emile-Geay, Julien/B-1102-2010; Mann, Michael/B-8472-2017; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013 OI Emile-Geay, Julien/0000-0001-5920-4751; Mann, Michael/0000-0003-3067-296X; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963 FU NOAA [NA06OAR4310116] FX We acknowledge funding from NOAA Grant NA06OAR4310116. The authors thank Scott Rutherford, Emanuele DiLorenzo, Judith Curry, Kettyah Chaak, Tapio Schneider, Julie Richey, David Black, Kevin Anchukaitis, Paige Green, and Glenn Alexander for providing data, help, and support. Data and code are available online at http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:4253936273493430:::: P1_STUDY_ID: 13684. NR 125 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 6 U2 62 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 7 BP 2329 EP 2352 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00511.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117GL UT WOS:000316941400012 ER PT J AU Zhang, S Winton, M Rosati, A Delworth, T Huang, B AF Zhang, S. Winton, M. Rosati, A. Delworth, T. Huang, B. TI Impact of Enthalpy-Based Ensemble Filtering Sea Ice Data Assimilation on Decadal Predictions: Simulation with a Conceptual Pycnocline Prediction Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID COUPLED MODEL; PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION; CLIMATE ESTIMATION; ERROR COVARIANCE; KALMAN FILTER; PREDICTABILITY; ADJUSTMENT AB The non-Gaussian probability distribution of sea ice concentration makes it difficult to directly assimilate sea ice observations into a climate model. Because of the strong impact of the atmospheric and oceanic forcing on the sea ice state, any direct assimilation adjustment on sea ice states is easily overridden by model physics. A new approach implements sea ice data assimilation in enthalpy space where a sea ice model represents a nonlinear function that transforms a positive-definite space into the sea ice concentration subspace. Results from observation-assimilation experiments using a conceptual pycnocline prediction model that characterizes the influences of sea ice on the decadal variability of the climate system show that the new scheme efficiently assimilates "sea ice observations" into the model: while improving sea ice variability itself, it consistently improves the estimates of all "climate" components. The resulted coupled initialization that is physically consistent among all coupled components significantly improves decadal-scale predictability of the coupled model. C1 [Zhang, S.; Winton, M.; Rosati, A.; Delworth, T.] Princeton Univ, GFDL, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Huang, B.] COLA, Calverton, MD USA. [Huang, B.] George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Zhang, S (reprint author), Princeton Univ, GFDL, NOAA, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM shaoqing.zhang@noaa.gov RI Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 7 BP 2368 EP 2378 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00714.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117GL UT WOS:000316941400014 ER PT J AU Lintner, BR Gentine, P Findell, KL D'Andrea, F Sobel, AH Salvucci, GD AF Lintner, Benjamin R. Gentine, Pierre Findell, Kirsten L. D'Andrea, Fabio Sobel, Adam H. Salvucci, Guido D. TI An Idealized Prototype for Large-Scale Land-Atmosphere Coupling SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CIRCULATION MODEL; SOIL-MOISTURE; EVAPORATIVE FRACTION; DIURNAL BEHAVIOR; PRECIPITATION; CONVECTION; CLIMATE; IMPACT; VARIABILITY; PREDICTION AB A process-based, semianalytic prototype model for understanding large-scale land-atmosphere coupling is developed here. The metric for quantifying the coupling is the sensitivity of precipitation P to soil moisture W, triangle P/triangle W. For a range of prototype parameters typical of conditions found over tropical or summertime continents, the sensitivity measure exhibits a broad minimum at intermediate soil moisture values. This minimum is attributed to a trade-off between evaporation (or evapotranspiration) E and large-scale moisture convergence across the range of soil moisture states. For water-limited, low soil moisture conditions, triangle P/triangle W is dominated by evaporative sensitivity triangle E/triangle W, reflecting high potential evaporation E-p arising from relatively warm surface conditions and a moisture-deficient atmospheric column under dry surface conditions. By contrast, under high soil moisture (or energy limited) conditions, triangle E/triangle W becomes slightly negative as Ep decreases. However, because convergence and precipitation increase strongly with decreasing (drying) moisture advection, while soil moisture slowly saturates, triangle P/triangle W is large. Variation of key parameters is shown to impact the magnitude of triangle P/triangle W, for example, increasing the time scale for deep convective adjustment lowers triangle P/triangle W at a given W, especially on the moist side of the profile where convergence dominates. While the prototype's applicability for direct quantitative comparison with either observations or models is clearly limited, it nonetheless demonstrates how the complex interplay of surface turbulent and column radiative fluxes, deep convection, and horizontal and vertical moisture transport influences the coupling of the land surface and atmosphere that may be expected to occur in either more realistic models or observations. C1 [Lintner, Benjamin R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Gentine, Pierre] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY USA. [Findell, Kirsten L.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [D'Andrea, Fabio] Ecole Normale Super, Lab Meteorol Dynam, F-75231 Paris, France. [Sobel, Adam H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Sobel, Adam H.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Salvucci, Guido D.] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Lintner, BR (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM lintner@envsci.rutgers.edu RI Salvucci, Guido/I-6185-2013; Findell, Kirsten/D-4430-2014; Sobel, Adam/K-4014-2015 OI Sobel, Adam/0000-0003-3602-0567 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-1035968]; New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch [NJ07102]; AHS [AGS-1008847] FX The authors thank Alan K. Betts for discussion about this work and two anonymous reviewers for their comments. This work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant AGS-1035968 and New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch Grant NJ07102. AHS acknowledges support from NSF AGS-1008847. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 7 BP 2379 EP 2389 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00561.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117GL UT WOS:000316941400015 ER PT J AU Qian, CQ Zabow, G Koretsky, A AF Qian, Chunqi Zabow, Gary Koretsky, Alan TI Engineering novel detectors and sensors for MRI SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE Microresonator; Inductive coupling; Microfabrication; Contrast agents ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION INTRAVASCULAR MRI; RAT SPINAL-CORD; CONTRAST AGENTS; TRANSMISSION-LINE; PARACEST AGENTS; IMPLANTED COIL; SURFACE COILS; INVIVO NMR; RF COIL AB Increasing detection sensitivity and image contrast have always been major topics of research in MRI. In this perspective, we summarize two engineering approaches to make detectors and sensors that have potential to extend the capability of MRI. The first approach is to integrate miniaturized detectors with a wireless powered parametric amplifier to enhance the detection sensitivity of remotely coupled detectors. The second approach is to microfabricate contrast agents with encoded multispectral frequency shifts, whose properties can be specified and fine-tuned by geometry. These two complementary approaches will benefit from the rapid development in nanotechnology and microfabrication which should enable new opportunities for MRI. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Qian, Chunqi; Zabow, Gary; Koretsky, Alan] NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Zabow, Gary] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Koretsky, A (reprint author), 10 Ctr Dr,Room 1D728,MSC 1065, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM koretskya@ninds.nih.gov RI Qian, Chunqi/A-7481-2012; Koretsky, Alan/C-7940-2015 OI Koretsky, Alan/0000-0002-8085-4756 FU Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NINDS FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NINDS. NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD APR PY 2013 VL 229 BP 67 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2012.11.012 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 115VT UT WOS:000316840700008 PM 23245489 ER PT J AU Duthinh, D Phan, LT Simiu, E AF Duthinh, Dat Phan, Long T. Simiu, Emil TI Discussion of "Review of Methods to Assess, Design for, and Mitigate Multiple Hazards" by Yue Li, Aakash Ahuja, and Jamie E. Padgett SO JOURNAL OF PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTED FACILITIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Duthinh, Dat] NIST, Struct Engn Grp, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Phan, Long T.; Simiu, Emil] NIST, Natl Windstorm Impact Reduct Program, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Duthinh, D (reprint author), NIST, Struct Engn Grp, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dduthinh@nist.gov; long.phan@nist.gov; emil.simiu@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-3828 J9 J PERFORM CONSTR FAC JI J. Perform. Constr. Facil. PD APR PY 2013 VL 27 IS 2 BP 215 EP 216 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000372 PG 2 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 118ZK UT WOS:000317065900011 ER PT J AU Inn, KGW Johnson, CM Oldham, W Jerome, S Tandon, L Schaaff, T Jones, R Mackney, D MacKill, P Palmer, B Smith, D LaMont, S Griggs, J AF Inn, Kenneth G. W. Johnson, C. Martin, Jr. Oldham, Warren Jerome, Simon Tandon, Lav Schaaff, Thomas Jones, Robert Mackney, Daniel MacKill, Pam Palmer, Brett Smith, Donna LaMont, Stephen Griggs, John TI The urgent requirement for new radioanalytical certified reference materials for nuclear safeguards, forensics, and consequence management SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Reference materials; Metrology; Nuclear; Safeguards; Post-detonation; Detecting technologies; Consequence management AB A multi-agency workshop was held from 25 to 27 August 2009, at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), to identify and prioritize the development of radioanalytical Certified Reference Materials (CRMs, generally provided by National Metrology Institutes; Standard Reference Materials, a CRM issued by NIST) for field and laboratory nuclear measurement methods to be used to assess the consequences of a domestic or international nuclear event. Without these CRMs, policy makers concerned with detecting proliferation and trafficking of nuclear materials, attribution and retribution following a nuclear event, and public health consequences of a nuclear event would have difficulty making decisions based on analytical data that would stand up to scientific, public, and judicial scrutiny. The workshop concentrated on three areas: post-incident Improvised Nuclear Device (IND) nuclear forensics, safeguard materials characterization, and consequence management for an IND or a Radiological Dispersion Device detonation scenario. The workshop identified specific CRM requirements to fulfill the needs for these three measurement communities. Of highest priority are: (1) isotope dilution mass spectrometry standards, specifically U-233, Np-236g, Pu-244, and Am-243, used for quantitative analysis of the respective elements that are in critically short supply and in urgent need of replenishment and certification; (2) CRMs that are urgently needed for post-detonation debris analysis of actinides and fission fragments, and (3) CRMs used for destructive and nondestructive analyses for safeguards measurements, and radioisotopes of interest in environmental matrices. C1 [Inn, Kenneth G. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Johnson, C. Martin, Jr.] USAF, San Antonio, TX USA. [Oldham, Warren; Tandon, Lav; Smith, Donna; LaMont, Stephen] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Jerome, Simon] Natl Phys Lab, London, England. [Schaaff, Thomas] Y12 Natl Secur Complex, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Jones, Robert] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mackney, Daniel; Griggs, John] US EPA, NAREL, Montgomery, AL USA. [MacKill, Pam] US FDA, WEAC, Winchester, MA USA. [Palmer, Brett] Navarro Res & Engn Inc, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Inn, KGW (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kenneth.inn@nist.gov OI Oldham, Warren/0000-0002-0997-2653 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD APR PY 2013 VL 296 IS 1 BP 5 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s10967-012-1972-y PG 18 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 112CM UT WOS:000316569600003 ER PT J AU Nour, S Inn, KGW Filliben, J van der Gaast, H Men, LC Calmet, D Altzitzoglou, T Povinec, P Takata, Y Wisdom, M Nakamura, K Vesterbacka, P Huang, CC Vakulovsky, SM AF Nour, S. Inn, K. G. W. Filliben, J. van der Gaast, H. Men, L. C. Calmet, D. Altzitzoglou, T. Povinec, P. Takata, Y. Wisdom, M. Nakamura, K. Vesterbacka, P. Huang, C. C. Vakulovsky, S. M. TI Characterization of the NIST shellfish Standard Reference Material 4358 SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Standard Reference Material; Shellfish; SRM; Radionuclide; Interlaboratory comparison; Certified values; Uncertainties; Informational values AB A new shellfish Standard Reference Material 4358 was developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology through an international interlaboratory comparison that involved twelve laboratories-participants from nine countries. The results from the participants were statistically evaluated, and the most robust certified values were based on the median of laboratories' reported means and the uncertainties derived using the bootstrap method. Massic activity certified values were established for fourteen radionuclides, five activity ratios, and informational massic activity values for eight more radionuclides and two activity ratios. C1 [Nour, S.; Inn, K. G. W.; Filliben, J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [van der Gaast, H.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Men, L. C.] Inst Nucl Energy Res, Tao Yuan, Taiwan. [Calmet, D.] Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, Orsay, France. [Altzitzoglou, T.] Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Geel, Belgium. [Povinec, P.] IAEA Marine Environm Lab, Monaco, Monaco. [Takata, Y.] Japan Chem Anal Ctr, Chiba, Japan. [Wisdom, M.] Natl Air & Radiat Environm Lab, Montgomery, AL USA. [Nakamura, K.] Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Chiba 260, Japan. [Vesterbacka, P.] Radiat & Nucl Safety Author, Helsinki, Finland. [Huang, C. C.] Taiwan Radiat Monitoring Ctr, Taichung, Taiwan. [Vakulovsky, S. M.] Sci Prod Assoc Typhoon, Obninsk, Russia. RP Nour, S (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM svetlana.nour@nist.gov OI Povinec, Pavel/0000-0003-0275-794X NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD APR PY 2013 VL 296 IS 1 BP 301 EP 307 DI 10.1007/s10967-012-2204-1 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 112CM UT WOS:000316569600049 ER PT J AU Zhang, R Delworth, TL Sutton, R Hodson, DLR Dixon, KW Held, IM Kushnir, Y Marshall, J Ming, Y Msadek, R Robson, J Rosati, AJ Ting, MF Vecchi, GA AF Zhang, Rong Delworth, Thomas L. Sutton, Rowan Hodson, Daniel L. R. Dixon, Keith W. Held, Isaac M. Kushnir, Yochanan Marshall, John Ming, Yi Msadek, Rym Robson, Jon Rosati, Anthony J. Ting, MingFang Vecchi, Gabriel A. TI Have Aerosols Caused the Observed Atlantic Multidecadal Variability? SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; OCEAN; HEMISPHERE; SALINITY; TRENDS AB Identifying the prime drivers of the twentieth-century multidecadal variability in the Atlantic Ocean is crucial for predicting how the Atlantic will evolve in the coming decades and the resulting broad impacts on weather and precipitation patterns around the globe. Recently, Booth et al. showed that the Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model, version 2, Earth system configuration (HadGEM2-ES) closely reproduces the observed multidecadal variations of area-averaged North Atlantic sea surface temperature in the twentieth century. The multidecadal variations simulated in HadGEM2-ES are primarily driven by aerosol indirect effects that modify net surface shortwave radiation. On the basis of these results, Booth et al. concluded that aerosols are a prime driver of twentieth-century North Atlantic climate variability. However, here it is shown that there are major discrepancies between the HadGEM2-ES simulations and observations in the North Atlantic upper-ocean heat content, in the spatial pattern of multidecadal SST changes within and outside the North Atlantic, and in the subpolar North Atlantic sea surface salinity. These discrepancies may be strongly influenced by, and indeed in large part caused by, aerosol effects. It is also shown that the aerosol effects simulated in HadGEM2-ES cannot account for the observed anticorrelation between detrended multidecadal surface and subsurface temperature variations in the tropical North Atlantic. These discrepancies cast considerable doubt on the claim that aerosol forcing drives the bulk of this multidecadal variability. C1 [Zhang, Rong; Delworth, Thomas L.; Dixon, Keith W.; Held, Isaac M.; Ming, Yi; Msadek, Rym; Rosati, Anthony J.; Vecchi, Gabriel A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Sutton, Rowan; Hodson, Daniel L. R.; Robson, Jon] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci Climate, Reading, Berks, England. [Kushnir, Yochanan; Ting, MingFang] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Marshall, John] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Zhang, R (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd,Route 1, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM rong.zhang@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Robson, Jon/A-7677-2012; Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014; Msadek, Rym/C-7752-2014; Dixon, Keith/L-7120-2015; Hodson, Dan/A-5563-2012 OI Sutton, Rowan/0000-0001-8345-8583; Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Robson, Jon/0000-0002-3467-018X; Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556; Msadek, Rym/0000-0003-0450-4815; Dixon, Keith/0000-0003-3044-326X; Hodson, Dan/0000-0001-7159-6700 NR 44 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 5 U2 70 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1135 EP 1144 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0331.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118AC UT WOS:000316993700010 ER PT J AU Davies-Jones, R Markowski, P AF Davies-Jones, Robert Markowski, Paul TI Lifting of Ambient Air by Density Currents in Sheared Environments SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LIVED SQUALL LINES; GRAVITY CURRENTS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICAL STRUCTURE; VORTICITY; FLOWS; CONVECTION AB Two aspects of vorticity associated with cold pools are addressed. First, tilting of horizontal vortex tubes by the updraft at a gust front has been proposed as a means of getting near-ground rotation and hence a tornado. Theory and a numerical simulation are used to show that this mechanism will not work because warm air parcels approaching the gust front decelerate in strong adverse pressure gradient. The near-surface horizontal vorticity available for upward tilting is greatly reduced by horizontal compression before it is tilted. Consequently, uplifting of vortex tubes produces little vertical vorticity near the ground. Second, it is shown that the baroclinic vorticity generated at the leading edge of the cold pool is transported rearward in the vortex sheet along the interface between cold and warm air, and the barotropic vorticity associated with environmental shear is conserved along streamlines. Warm parcels away from the interface do not acquire baroclinic vorticity to offset their barotropic vorticity, as assumed in a theory for long-lived squall lines. The vortex sheet has a far-field effect on the circulation in the warm air. A steady-state vortex method is used to propose why there is a steady noncirculating density current only when a lid is present and at a specific height. C1 [Davies-Jones, Robert] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Markowski, Paul] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Markowski, P (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM pmarkowski@psu.edu OI Markowski, Paul/0000-0002-4295-3390 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-0644533, AGS-0801035] FX The investigation into the possibility of a strong surface vortex arising from the tilting of environmental vortex lines by a strong density current was motivated by a discussion involving the second author, Howie Bluestein, and Brian Fiedler. We are also grateful for discussions on this topic with Johannes Dahl, Matt Parker, Erik Rasmussen, Yvette Richardson, and Jerry Straka. Discussions with George Bryan and Rich Rotunno helped clarify parts of sections 4 and 5. Aid to the second author was provided in part by Awards AGS-0644533 and AGS-0801035 from the National Science Foundation (NSF). We thank George Bryan for his ongoing generous support of CM1, which was the model used for the simulation described in section 5. Figure 5 was created using the Grid Analysis and Display System (GrADS), developed by the Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies. Finally, we thank Qin Xu and two anonymous reviews for their constructive reviews. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1204 EP 1215 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0149.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118AC UT WOS:000316993700015 ER PT J AU Lakshmivarahan, S Lewis, JM Phan, D AF Lakshmivarahan, S. Lewis, J. M. Phan, D. TI Data Assimilation as a Problem in Optimal Tracking: Application of Pontryagin's Minimum Principle to Atmospheric Science SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL VARIATIONAL ANALYSIS; WEATHER-MAP ANALYSIS; WEAK CONSTRAINT; PREDICTION; EQUATIONS; ERROR; MODEL; BIAS AB A data assimilation strategy based on feedback control has been developed for the geophysical sciences-a strategy that uses model output to control the behavior of the dynamical system. Whereas optimal tracking through feedback control had its early history in application to vehicle trajectories in space science, the methodology has been adapted to geophysical dynamics by forcing the trajectory of a deterministic model to follow observations in accord with observation accuracy. Fundamentally, this offline (where it is assumed that the observations in a given assimilation window are all given) approach is based on Pontryagin's minimum principle (PMP) where a least squares fit of idealized path to dynamic law follows from Hamiltonian mechanics. This utilitarian process optimally determines a forcing function that depends on the state (the feedback component) and the observations. It follows that this optimal forcing accounts for the model error. From this model error, a correction to the one-step transition matrix is constructed. The above theory and technique is illustrated using the linear Burgers' equation that transfers energy from the large scale to the small scale. C1 [Lakshmivarahan, S.; Phan, D.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Lewis, J. M.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Lewis, J. M.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. RP Lakshmivarahan, S (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, 110 W Boyd St,Room DEH 230, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM varahan@ou.edu OI Phan, Dung/0000-0003-1890-4959 FU NSF EPSCOR Track 2 Grant [105-155900]; NSF Grant [105-15400] FX We are very grateful to Qin Xu and an anonymous reviewer for their comments and suggestions that helped to improve the organizations of the paper. S. Lakshmivarahan's efforts are supported in part by two grants: NSF EPSCOR Track 2 Grant 105-155900 and NSF Grant 105-15400. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1257 EP 1277 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0217.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118AC UT WOS:000316993700019 ER PT J AU Liang, MC Lin, LC Tung, KK Yung, YL Sun, S AF Liang, Mao-Chang Lin, Li-Ching Tung, Ka-Kit Yung, Yuk L. Sun, Shan TI Transient Climate Response in Coupled Atmospheric-Ocean General Circulation Models SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SENSITIVITY; DEPENDENCE; FEEDBACK AB The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) has a large uncertainty range among models participating in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) and has recently been presented as "inherently unpredictable.'' One way to circumvent this problem is to consider the transient climate response (TCR). However, the TCR among AR4 models also differs by more than a factor of 2. The authors argue that the situation may not necessarily be so pessimistic, because much of the intermodel difference may be due to the fact that the models were run with their oceans at various stages of flux adjustment with their atmosphere. This is shown by comparing multimillennium-long runs of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies model, version E, coupled with the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (GISS-EH) and the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4) with what were reported to AR4. The long model runs here reveal the range of variability (similar to 30%) in their TCR within the same model with the same ECS. The commonly adopted remedy of subtracting the "climate drift" is ineffective and adds to the variability. The culprit is the natural variability of the control runs, which exists even at quasi equilibration. Fortunately, for simulations with multidecadal time horizon, robust solutions can be obtained by branching off thousand-year-long control runs that reach "quasi equilibration" using a new protocol, which takes advantage of the fact that forced solutions to radiative forcing forget their initial condition after 30-40 yr and instead depend mostly on the trajectory of the radiative forcing. C1 [Liang, Mao-Chang] Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Changes, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Liang, Mao-Chang] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Liang, Mao-Chang] Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Astron, Jhongli, Taiwan. [Lin, Li-Ching] Acad Sinica, Inst Earth Sci, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Tung, Ka-Kit] Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Yung, Yuk L.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Sun, Shan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Liang, MC (reprint author), Nankang POB 1-48, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. EM mcl@rcec.sinica.edu.tw RI Sun, Shan/H-2318-2015 FU NSC [101-2628-M-001-001-MY4]; National Science Foundation [DMS 0940342]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX11AC75G]; KISS program at the California Institute of Technology FX The research is performed using high performance computing resources provided by ASCC and ASGC. This work is supported in part by NSC Grant 101-2628-M-001-001-MY4 to Academia Sinica. KKT's research is supported by National Science Foundation, under Grant DMS 0940342, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, under Grant NNX11AC75G. YLY acknowledges support from the KISS program at the California Institute of Technology. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1291 EP 1296 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0338.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118AC UT WOS:000316993700021 ER PT J AU Peacock, E Taylor, MK Laake, J Stirling, I AF Peacock, Elizabeth Taylor, Mitchell K. Laake, Jeffrey Stirling, Ian TI Population ecology of polar bears in Davis Strait, Canada and Greenland SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arctic; harp seal; harvest; density effects; mark-recapture; polar bear; population demography; sea ice; Ursus maritimus; wildlife management ID WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; URSUS-MARITIMUS; VIABILITY; SIZE; SEA; RECRUITMENT; DEMOGRAPHY; SURVIVAL; NUNAVUT; HARVEST AB Until recently, the sea ice habitat of polar bears was understood to be variable, but environmental variability was considered to be cyclic or random, rather than progressive. Harvested populations were believed to be at levels where density effects were considered not significant. However, because we now understand that polar bear demography can also be influenced by progressive change in the environment, and some populations have increased to greater densities than historically lower numbers, a broader suite of factors should be considered in demographic studies and management. We analyzed 35 years of capture and harvest data from the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) subpopulation in Davis Strait, including data from a new study (20052007), to quantify its current demography. We estimated the population size in 2007 to be 2,158 +/- 180 (SE), a likely increase from the 1970s. We detected variation in survival, reproductive rates, and age-structure of polar bears from geographic sub-regions. Survival and reproduction of bears in southern Davis Strait was greater than in the north and tied to a concurrent dramatic increase in breeding harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus) in Labrador. The most supported survival models contained geographic and temporal variables. Harp seal abundance was significantly related to polar bear survival. Our estimates of declining harvest recovery rate, and increasing total survival, suggest that the rate of harvest declined over time. Low recruitment rates, average adult survival rates, and high population density, in an environment of high prey density, but deteriorating and variable ice conditions, currently characterize the Davis Strait polar bears. Low reproductive rates may reflect negative effects of greater densities or worsening ice conditions. (c) 2013 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Peacock, Elizabeth] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Igloolik, NU X0A 0L0, Canada. [Peacock, Elizabeth] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Taylor, Mitchell K.] Lakehead Univ, Fac Sci & Environm Studies, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. [Laake, Jeffrey] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Stirling, Ian] Environm Canada, Wildlife Res Div, Edmonton, AB T6G 3S5, Canada. [Stirling, Ian] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. RP Peacock, E (reprint author), Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Igloolik, NU X0A 0L0, Canada. EM lpeacock@usgs.gov FU governments of Nunavut, NL, Nunatsiavut; Makivik Corporation; Polar Continental Shelf Project, Parks Canada; Nunavut Wildlife Management Board FX We thank the governments of Nunavut, Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), and Greenland for providing harvest data. The governments of Nunavut, NL, Nunatsiavut and the Makivik Corporation, Polar Continental Shelf Project, Parks Canada, and the Nunavut Wildlife Management Board provided funding of new capture operations, 2005-2007. A. Simpson (Parks Canada) provided logistics support, E. Born (Greenland Institute of Natural Resources) assisted with harvest data, and B. Doidge and B. Ford (Makivik), and R. Jefferies, R. Otto, and T. Chubbs (NL) assisted with harvest data and logistics. We thank all field technicians, including those who contributed significant time during the new 2005-2007 field effort: C. Didham, M. Dyck, B. Ford, R. Jefferies, R. Otto, T. Pardy, J. McConnell, M. Kotierk. The map figures were prepared by J. McConnell. We thank our pilots, especially J. Innis, for ensuring the safety of polar bears and crews from 1974 to 2008. We thank J. Bromaghin, D. Diefenbach, G. White, and 2 anonymous reviewers for constructive critiques of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 10 U2 184 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2013 VL 77 IS 3 BP 463 EP 476 DI 10.1002/jwmg.489 PG 14 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 115ND UT WOS:000316818100005 ER PT J AU Hadler, J Dowell, M AF Hadler, Joshua Dowell, Marla TI Accurate, inexpensive testing of laser pointer power for safe operation SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE laser pointer; laser power; laser safety ID INJURIES AB An accurate, inexpensive test-bed for the measurement of optical power emitted from handheld lasers is described. The setup consists of a power meter, optical bandpass filters, an adjustable iris and self-centering lens mounts. We demonstrate this test-bed by evaluating the output power of 23 laser pointers with respect to the limits imposed by the US Code of Federal Regulations. We find a compliance rate of only 26%. A discussion of potential laser pointer hazards is included. C1 [Hadler, Joshua; Dowell, Marla] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hadler, J (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM joshua.hadler@nist.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 24 IS 4 AR 045202 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/24/4/045202 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 110OC UT WOS:000316452800011 ER PT J AU Nawrocki, AM Collins, AG Hirano, YM Schuchert, P Cartwright, P AF Nawrocki, Annalise M. Collins, Allen G. Hirano, Yayoi M. Schuchert, Peter Cartwright, Paulyn TI Phylogenetic placement of Hydra and relationships within Aplanulata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Aplanulata; Cnidaria; Hydrozoa; Molecular phylogenetics; Hydra ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; EUROPEAN ATHECATE HYDROIDS; FUKAURAHYDRA-ANTHOFORMIS; SUBSTITUTION MODELS; MEDUSAE HYDROZOA; PHYLUM CNIDARIA; STEM-CELLS; RDNA DATA; N-SP; MITOCHONDRIAL AB The model organism Hydra belongs to the hydrozoan clade Aplanulata. Despite being a popular model system for development, little is known about the phylogenetic placement of this taxon or the relationships of its closest relatives. Previous studies have been conflicting regarding sister group relationships and have been unable to resolve deep nodes within the clade. In addition, there are several putative Aplanulata taxa that have never been sampled for molecular data or analyzed using multiple markers. Here, we combine the fast-evolving cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) mitochondrial marker with mitochondrial 16S, nuclear small ribosomal subunit (18S, SSU) and large ribosomal subunit (28S, LSU) sequences to examine relationships within the clade Aplanulata. We further discuss the relative contribution of four different molecular markers to resolving phylogenetic relationships within Aplanulata. Lastly, we report morphological synapomorphies for some of the major Aplanulata genera and families, and suggest new taxonomic classifications for two species of Aplanulata, Fukaurahydra anthoformis and Corymorpha intermedia, based on a preponderance of molecular and morphological data that justify the designation of these species to different genera. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nawrocki, Annalise M.] Pomona Coll, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, NMFS, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Hirano, Yayoi M.] Chiba Univ, Dept Biol, Grad Sch Sci, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638522, Japan. [Schuchert, Peter] Museum Hist Nat, CH-1211 Geneva 6, Switzerland. [Nawrocki, Annalise M.; Cartwright, Paulyn] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Nawrocki, AM (reprint author), Pomona Coll, RC Seaver Biol Bldg,175 W 6th St, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. EM annarocky@gmail.com OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691 FU NSF [AToL EF-0531779, DEB-0953571, DDIG DEB-0910211]; University of Kansas Madison; Lila Self Graduate Fellowship FX We thank M.S. Barbeitos for the use of unpublished secondary structure models for 18S and 28S for Cnidaria, G.Paulay for providing specimens of H. parva, and R. Richardson for assistance with CO1 amplification of some samples. We are grateful to A.L. Crowther and three anonymous reviewers whose comments improved earlier versions of this manuscript. This work was supported by NSF Grant AToL EF-0531779 to P.C. and A.G.C., the NSF Grant DEB-0953571 to P.C., the University of Kansas Madison and Lila Self Graduate Fellowship to A.M.N., and the NSF Grant DDIG DEB-0910211 to A.M.N. and P.C. NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 67 IS 1 BP 60 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.12.016 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 118LY UT WOS:000317028200008 PM 23280366 ER PT J AU Wang, WQ Chen, MY Kumar, A AF Wang, Wanqiu Chen, Mingyue Kumar, Arun TI Seasonal Prediction of Arctic Sea Ice Extent from a Coupled Dynamical Forecast System SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PREDICTABILITY; ANOMALIES; MODEL; AMPLIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; IMPACT; GCM AB While fully coupled atmosphere-ocean models have been used to study the seasonal predictability of sea ice variations within the context of models' own variability, their capability in predicting the observed sea ice at the seasonal time scales is not well assessed. In this study, sea ice predictions from the recently developed NCEP Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean model including an interactive dynamical sea ice component, are analyzed. The focus of the analysis is the performance of CFSv2 in reproducing observed Northern Hemisphere sea ice extent (SIE). The SIE climatology, long-term trend, interannual variability, and predictability are assessed. CFSv2 contains systematic biases that are dependent more on the forecast target month than the initial month, with a positive SIE bias for the forecast for January-September and a negative SIE bias for the forecast for October-December. A large source of seasonal prediction skill is from the long-term trend, which is underestimated in the CFSv2. Prediction skill of interannual SIE anomalies is found to be primarily within the first three target months and is largest in the summer and early fall. The performance of the prediction of sea ice interannual variations varies from year to year and is found to be related to initial sea ice thickness. Potential predictability based on the forecast ensemble, its dependence on model deficiencies, and implications of the results from this study for improvements in the seasonal sea ice prediction are discussed. C1 [Wang, Wanqiu; Chen, Mingyue; Kumar, Arun] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Wang, WQ (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, 5830 Univ Res Court,Room 3004, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM wanqiu.wang@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2013 VL 141 IS 4 BP 1375 EP 1394 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00057.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117ZK UT WOS:000316991900013 ER PT J AU Fitch, AC Olson, JB Lundquist, JK Dudhia, J Gupta, AK Michalakes, J Barstad, I Archer, CL AF Fitch, Anna C. Olson, Joseph B. Lundquist, Julie K. Dudhia, Jimy Gupta, Alok K. Michalakes, John Barstad, Idar Archer, Cristina L. TI Local and mesoscale impacts of wind farms as parameterized in a mesoscale NWP model (vol 140, pg 3017, 2012) SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Correction C1 [Fitch, Anna C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Olson, Joseph B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Olson, Joseph B.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lundquist, Julie K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lundquist, Julie K.; Michalakes, John] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Dudhia, Jimy] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Gupta, Alok K.; Barstad, Idar] Uni Res, Bergen, Norway. [Archer, Cristina L.] Univ Delaware, Coll Earth Ocean & Environm, Newark, DE USA. RP Fitch, AC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM fitch@ucar.edu RI Dudhia, Jimy/B-1287-2008; Archer, Cristina/H-3105-2013 OI Dudhia, Jimy/0000-0002-2394-6232; Archer, Cristina/0000-0002-7837-7575 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2013 VL 141 IS 4 BP 1395 EP 1395 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00341.1 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117ZK UT WOS:000316991900014 ER PT J AU Quinlan, F Fortier, TM Jiang, H Hati, A Nelson, C Fu, Y Campbell, JC Diddams, SA AF Quinlan, F. Fortier, T. M. Jiang, H. Hati, A. Nelson, C. Fu, Y. Campbell, J. C. Diddams, S. A. TI Exploiting shot noise correlations in the photodetection of ultrashort optical pulse trains SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID TRAVELING-CARRIER PHOTODIODE; MODE-LOCKED LASERS; QUANTUM-NOISE; FREQUENCY-DIVISION; PHASE-NOISE; INTERFEROMETERS; DEMODULATION; GENERATION; SIGNAL AB Photocurrent shot noise represents the fundamental quantum limit for amplitude, phase and timing measurements of optical signals. It is generally assumed that non-classical states of light must be employed to alter the standard, time-invariant shot noise detection limit. However, in the detection of periodic signals, correlations in the shot noise spectrum can impact the quantum limit of detection. Here, we show how these correlations can be exploited to improve shot noise-limited optical pulse timing measurements by several orders of magnitude. This has allowed us to realize a photo-detected pulse train timing noise floor at an unprecedented 25 zs Hz(-1/2) (corresponding phase noise of -179 dBc Hz(-1) on a 10 GHz carrier), similar to 5 dB below the level predicted by the accepted time-invariant shot noise behaviour. This new understanding of the shot noise of time-varying signals can be used to greatly improve photonic systems, affecting a wide range of communication(1), navigation(2) and precision measurement(3) applications. C1 [Quinlan, F.; Fortier, T. M.; Jiang, H.; Hati, A.; Nelson, C.; Diddams, S. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fu, Y.; Campbell, J. C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Elect Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Quinlan, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM franklyn.quinlan@nist.gov; scott.diddams@nist.gov RI jiang, haifeng/F-1080-2011; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency FX The authors thank P. Winzer, S. Papp, N. Newbury, E. Ivanov, R. Mhaskar, A. Ludlow and J. Bergquist for useful discussions and comments on this manuscript. This work was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. It is a contribution of an agency of the US Government and is not subject to copyright in the USA. NR 30 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 33 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD APR PY 2013 VL 7 IS 4 BP 290 EP 293 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2013.33 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 114DZ UT WOS:000316722400012 ER PT J AU Hummon, MT Yeo, M Stuhl, BK Collopy, AL Xia, Y Ye, J AF Hummon, Matthew T. Yeo, Mark Stuhl, Benjamin K. Collopy, Alejandra L. Xia, Yong Ye, Jun TI 2D Magneto-Optical Trapping of Diatomic Molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMS; COLD AB We demonstrate one-and two-dimensional transverse laser cooling and magneto-optical trapping of the polar molecule yttrium (II) oxide (YO). In a 1D magneto-optical trap (MOT), we characterize the magneto-optical trapping force and decrease the transverse temperature by an order of magnitude, from 25 to 2 mK, limited by interaction time. In a 2D MOT, we enhance the intensity of the YO beam and reduce the transverse temperature in both transverse directions. The approach demonstrated here can be applied to many molecular species and can also be extended to 3D. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.143001 C1 [Hummon, Matthew T.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hummon, MT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM matthew.hummon@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; OI HUMMON, MATTHEW/0000-0002-3020-0500; Stuhl, Benjamin/0000-0003-0759-3323 FU AFOSR; ARO (MURI); DOE; NIST; NSF; NRC FX We acknowledge funding support for this work from AFOSR and ARO (MURI), DOE, NIST, and NSF. M. T. H. acknowledges support from the NRC. We thank K. Cossel and F. Adler for technical help. NR 37 TC 112 Z9 115 U1 4 U2 48 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 14 AR 143001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.143001 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 118BR UT WOS:000316997900002 PM 25166984 ER PT J AU Nogueira, RC Keim, BD Brown, DP Robbins, KD AF Nogueira, Ricardo C. Keim, Barry D. Brown, David P. Robbins, Kevin D. TI Variability of rainfall from tropical cyclones in the eastern USA and its association to the AMO and ENSO SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC BASIN HURRICANES; UNITED-STATES; EL-NINO; PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS; CLIMATOLOGY; MEXICO; STORMS; REGIONALIZATION; PRECIPITATION; OSCILLATIONS AB Tropical cyclone (TC) rainfall along the eastern USA exhibits a high degree of variability with the potential to produce precipitation amounts in excess of 100 % of the annual mean at locations ranging from the immediate coastline to hundreds of kilometers inland. However, the spatiotemporal distribution of TC rainfall variability has not yet been fully characterized for this region, particularly with regard to large-scale climate teleconnections (e.g., El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO)). The objectives of this study are to (1) assess temporal variability and trends in TC rainfall since 1960, and (2) characterize the spatial variability of TC rainfall during varying AMO and ENSO regimes. Kendall tau-b analysis highlighted the presence of statistically significant positive trends in TC rainfall at a number of locations. Principal components analysis revealed that AMO exhibited significant linkages to TC rainfall in northern New England as well as along the US Gulf Coast, while ENSO was most strongly linked to TC variability in Texas. Results illustrate the varied nature of TC rainfall across the eastern USA and the complex linkages to large-scale climate mechanisms at interannual and decadal time scales. C1 [Nogueira, Ricardo C.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Geosci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Keim, Barry D.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geog & Anthropol, Louisiana Off State Climatol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Brown, David P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Ft Worth, TX 76102 USA. [Robbins, Kevin D.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geog & Anthropol, Southern Reg Climate Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Nogueira, RC (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Geosci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM ricnogue@lsu.edu; keim@lsu.edu; david.p.brown@noaa.gov; krobbins@srcc.lsu.edu NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 112 IS 1-2 BP 273 EP 283 DI 10.1007/s00704-012-0722-y PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 112EJ UT WOS:000316574700020 ER PT J AU Herzing, AA Anderson, IM AF Herzing, A. A. Anderson, I. M. TI Robust elemental mapping of nanostructures at ultrahigh resolution using event-streamed spectrum imaging in an aberration-corrected analytical electron microscope SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Meeting on Frontiers of Electron Microscopy in Materials Science (FEMMS) CY SEP 18-23, 2011 CL Rohnert Park, CA SP Natl Nucl Secur Adm, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Hysitron Inc, FEI Co, Sandia Natl Lab, Los Almos Natl Lab, Gatan, JEOL DE XEDS; Spectrum imaging; STEM; Hyperspectral AB We describe the application of X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS) event-streamed spectral imaging (ESSI) in an aberration-corrected analytical electron microscope (AEM) as a reliable method for the acquisition of ultra-high spatial resolution elemental maps. With the ESSI approach, the XEDS spectral image is acquired over multiple frames at rates typically reserved for imaging experiments. This approach differs significantly from that typically employed in the AEM, where spectrum image data is acquired serially (a pixel at a time) using per-pixel dwell times that are orders of magnitude larger. The ESSI approach provides numerous advantages, most notably the ability to use the relatively strong transmitted electron image signals as a reference to spatially register the sparse XEDS data. State-of-the-art implementations of ESSI allow this registration to be performed "on-the-fly", such that drift correction is performed in real time. In addition, the electron dose imparted to the specimen is spread over time, meaning the instantaneous dose at a given point in the specimen is orders of magnitude lower than that imparted using serial spectral imaging. Thus, ESSI enables the high spatial resolution analysis of dose-rate-sensitive specimens. The application of this technique to several nanoscale systems is discussed, along with the potential for its use in combination with improved detector designs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Herzing, A. A.; Anderson, I. M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Herzing, AA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.herzing@nist.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD APR PY 2013 VL 127 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2012.07.008 PG 9 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 113IF UT WOS:000316659100013 PM 22940529 ER PT J AU Rim, D Persily, A Emmerich, S Dols, WS Wallace, L AF Rim, Donghyun Persily, Andrew Emmerich, Steven Dols, W. Stuart Wallace, Lance TI Multi-zone modeling of size-resolved outdoor ultrafine particle entry into a test house SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ultrafine particles; Indoor-outdoor relationship; Multi-zone modeling; CONTAM ID INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS; DEPOSITION RATES; DNA-DAMAGE; VENTILATION; PENETRATION; NANOPARTICLES; INFILTRATION; BUILDINGS; BEHAVIOR; EXPOSURE AB Airborne particle entry into buildings is important for human exposure to particles and associated health effects. The present study investigated the entry of size-resolved outdoor ultrafine particles into a test building under three different ventilation scenarios using a multi-zone airflow and contaminant transport model. Simulations of the entry of outdoor ultrafine particles into a residential test building were performed and validated with measurement data. The study results show that accurate particle deposition and penetration inputs are required to predict the time-varying particle concentrations in buildings. For closed-window conditions, both deposition and penetration have significant effects on modeling UFP transport, while deposition is more important than penetration for open-window conditions. As the window opening area increases, the filtering effect of the building envelope decreases and more outdoor particles enter the building through window openings. The study results also show that the indoor-outdoor (I-O) concentration ratio is a strong function of particle size and building operating conditions. The comparison between measurements and prediction suggests that a multi-zone particle transport model can provide insight into particle entry into buildings under various weather and building operating scenarios. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rim, Donghyun; Persily, Andrew; Emmerich, Steven; Dols, W. Stuart; Wallace, Lance] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rim, D (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Bldg 226 Rm A311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mcdhrim@gmail.com RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013; OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2013 VL 69 BP 219 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.12.008 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 103QB UT WOS:000315932800023 ER PT J AU Wanninkhof, R Park, GH Takahashi, T Feely, RA Bullister, JL Doney, SC AF Wanninkhof, Rik Park, Geun-Ha Takahashi, Taro Feely, Richard A. Bullister, John L. Doney, Scott C. TI Changes in deep-water CO2 concentrations over the last several decades determined from discrete pCO(2) measurements SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Ocean; Carbon dioxide; CO2 sink; Anthropogenic carbon; Deep-water ID GOVERNING INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; BOTTOM WATER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SEA; SEAWATER; CLIMATE; STORAGE; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Detection and attribution of hydrographic and biogeochemical changes in the deep ocean are challenging due to the small magnitude of their signals and to limitations in the accuracy of available data. However, there are indications that anthropogenic and climate change signals are starting to manifest at depth. The deep ocean below 2000 m comprises about 50% of the total ocean volume, and changes in the deep ocean should be followed over time to accurately assess the partitioning of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) between the ocean, terrestrial biosphere, and atmosphere. Here we determine the changes in the interior deep-water inorganic carbon content by a novel means that uses the partial pressure of CO2 measured at 20 degrees C, pCO(2)(20), along three meridional transects in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. These changes are measured on decadal time scales using observations from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE)/World Hydrographic Program (WHP) of the 1980s and 1990s and the CLIVAR/CO2 Repeat Hydrography Program of the past decade. The pCO(2)(20) values show a consistent increase in deep water over the time period. Changes in total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) content in the deep interior are not significant or consistent, as most of the signal is below the level of analytical uncertainty. Using an approximate relationship between pCO(2)(20) and DIC change, we infer DIC changes that are at the margin of detectability. However, when integrated on the basin scale, the increases range from 8-40% of the total specific water column changes over the past several decades. Patterns in chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), along with output from an ocean model, suggest that the changes in pCO(2)(20) and DIC are of anthropogenic origin. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wanninkhof, Rik; Park, Geun-Ha] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Park, Geun-Ha] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Takahashi, Taro] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Feely, Richard A.; Bullister, John L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Doney, Scott C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Wanninkhof, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM rik.wanninkhof@noaa.gov RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010 OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437 FU NOAA Office of Atmospheric and Oceanic Research; Climate Observation Division; NOAA [NA07OAR4310098]; NSF FX The ability to discern small changes in the deep ocean over decades is testament to the care and dedication of the many seagoing analysts that have performed the measurements and the personnel involved in quality control and data management. David W. Chipman has provided significant contributions to the development of shipboard measurements of pCO2 used by the LDEO and AOML groups that are the cornerstone of this work. We appreciate the substantive and detailed comments of three reviewers that aided in improving the document. Ms. Gail Derr of AOML is gratefully acknowledged for providing extensive copy and style editing. We thank M. Long, K. Lindsay, and I. Lima for helping with the generation and analysis of the CESM-1 ocean-ice model results. Rik Wanninkhof, Geun-Ha Park, John L. Bullister, and Richard A. Feely appreciate the support from the NOAA Office of Atmospheric and Oceanic Research and the Climate Observation Division. S.C.D. acknowledges support from NOAA Grant NA07OAR4310098. T.T. has been supported by grants from NSF and NOAA. This is PMEL contribution 3847. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 58 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD APR PY 2013 VL 74 BP 48 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2012.12.005 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 112FL UT WOS:000316577800006 ER PT J AU Wilmer, CE Farha, OK Yildirim, T Eryazici, I Krungleviciute, V Sarjeant, AA Snurr, RQ Hupp, JT AF Wilmer, Christopher E. Farha, Omar K. Yildirim, Taner Eryazici, Ibrahim Krungleviciute, Vaiva Sarjeant, Amy A. Snurr, Randall Q. Hupp, Joseph T. TI Gram-scale, high-yield synthesis of a robust metal-organic framework for storing methane and other gases SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHARGE EQUILIBRATION; SURFACE-AREAS; STORAGE; DESIGN; ADSORPTION; HYDROGEN; CAPACITIES; ROUTE AB We have synthesized and characterized a new metal-organic framework (MOF) material, NU-125, that, in the single-crystal limit, achieves a methane storage density at 58 bar (840 psi) and 298 K corresponding to 86% of that obtained with compressed natural gas tanks (CNG) used in vehicles today, when the latter are pressurized to 248 bar (3600 psi). More importantly, the deliverable capacity (58 bar to 5.8 bar) for NU-125 is 67% of the deliverable capacity of a CNG tank that starts at 248 bar. (For crystalline granules or powders, particle packing inefficiencies will yield densities and deliverable capacities lower than 86% and 67% of high-pressure CNG.) This material was synthesized in high yield on a gram-scale in a single-batch synthesis. Methane adsorption isotherms were measured over a wide pressure range (0.1-58 bar) and repeated over twelve cycles on the same sample, which showed no detectable degradation. Adsorption of CO2 and H-2 over a broad range of pressures and temperatures are also reported and agree with our computational findings. C1 [Wilmer, Christopher E.; Snurr, Randall Q.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Farha, Omar K.; Eryazici, Ibrahim; Sarjeant, Amy A.; Hupp, Joseph T.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Farha, Omar K.; Eryazici, Ibrahim; Sarjeant, Amy A.; Hupp, Joseph T.] Northwestern Univ, Int Inst Nanotechnol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Yildirim, Taner; Krungleviciute, Vaiva] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yildirim, Taner; Krungleviciute, Vaiva] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Wilmer, CE (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM o-farha@northwestern.edu; taner@seas.upenn.edu; j-hupp@northwestern.edu RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Hupp, Joseph/K-8844-2012; Snurr, Randall/B-6699-2009 OI Hupp, Joseph/0000-0003-3982-9812; FU U. S. Department of Energy through BES [DE-FG02-08ER46522]; U.S. Dept. of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-FC36-08G018137]; Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AR0000248]; Ryan Fellowship from the Northwestern University International Institute for Nanotechnology FX We thank Dr Brad G. Hauser for measuring the N2 isotherm. TY and VK acknowledge partial support by the U. S. Department of Energy through BES Grant no. DE-FG02-08ER46522. J.T.H. and R.Q.S. gratefully acknowledge the U.S. Dept. of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy for initial financial support under DE-FC36-08G018137. The information, data, or work presented herein was subsequently funded in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), U.S. Department of Energy, under Award number DE-AR0000248. C.E.W. gratefully acknowledges support from a Ryan Fellowship from the Northwestern University International Institute for Nanotechnology. Computational work was supported through the resources provided by Information Technology at Northwestern University as part of its shared cluster program, QUEST. NR 34 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 8 U2 181 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 6 IS 4 BP 1158 EP 1163 DI 10.1039/c3ee24506c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 110TJ UT WOS:000316468600011 ER PT J AU Avnery, S Mauzerall, DL Fiore, AM AF Avnery, Shiri Mauzerall, Denise L. Fiore, Arlene M. TI Increasing global agricultural production by reducing ozone damages via methane emission controls and ozone-resistant cultivar selection SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; crop sensitivity to O3; cultivar selection; methane mitigation; ozone impacts; surface ozone ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; SURFACE OZONE; CROP YIELD; NORTH-AMERICAN; STOMATAL FLUX; AMBIENT OZONE; EXPOSURE; WHEAT; VEGETATION AB Meeting the projected 50% increase in global grain demand by 2030 without further environmental degradation poses a major challenge for agricultural production. Because surface ozone (O3) has a significant negative impact on crop yields, one way to increase future production is to reduce O3-induced agricultural losses. We present two strategies whereby O3 damage to crops may be reduced. We first examine the potential benefits of an O3 mitigation strategy motivated by climate change goals: gradual emission reductions of methane (CH4), an important greenhouse gas and tropospheric O3 precursor that has not yet been targeted for O3 pollution abatement. Our second strategy focuses on adapting crops to O3 exposure by selecting cultivars with demonstrated O3 resistance. We find that the CH4 reductions considered would increase global production of soybean, maize, and wheat by 23102Mt in 2030 the equivalent of a similar to 28% increase in year 2000 production worth $3.515billion worldwide (USD2000), increasing the cost effectiveness of this CH4 mitigation policy. Choosing crop varieties with O3 resistance (relative to median-sensitivity cultivars) could improve global agricultural production in 2030 by over 140Mt, the equivalent of a 12% increase in 2000 production worth similar to$22billion. Benefits are dominated by improvements for wheat in South Asia, where O3-induced crop losses would otherwise be severe. Combining the two strategies generates benefits that are less than fully additive, given the nature of O3 effects on crops. Our results demonstrate the significant potential to sustainably improve global agricultural production by decreasing O3-induced reductions in crop yields. C1 [Avnery, Shiri; Mauzerall, Denise L.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Program Sci Technol & Environm Policy, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mauzerall, Denise L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Mauzerall, DL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Program Sci Technol & Environm Policy, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM mauzeral@princeton.edu RI Mauzerall, Denise/I-5977-2013 OI Mauzerall, Denise/0000-0003-3479-1798 FU NASA [NNX10A971H] FX S. Avnery was supported by the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program, Grant NNX10A971H. We are grateful to three anonymous reviewers, whose comments and suggestions greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 74 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 92 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 19 IS 4 BP 1285 EP 1299 DI 10.1111/gcb.12118 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 103FL UT WOS:000315900800028 PM 23504903 ER PT J AU Blouzdis, CE Ivan, LN Pothoven, SA Roswell, CR Foley, CJ Hook, TO AF Blouzdis, C. E. Ivan, L. N. Pothoven, S. A. Roswell, C. R. Foley, C. J. Hoeoek, T. O. TI A trophic bottleneck?: The ecological role of trout-perch Percopsis omiscomaycus in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW PERCH; NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; ZEBRA MUSSEL; ROUND GOBY; LONG-TERM; FISH; RECRUITMENT; WALLEYE; SIZE AB Trout-perch are abundant in many North American aquatic systems, but the ecological roles of trout-perch as predators, competitors and prey remain relatively understudied. To elucidate the ecological role of trout-perch in Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron, North America), the spatial and temporal diet composition was quantified and the frequency of occurrence of trout-perch in diets of piscivorous walleye and yellow perch was evaluated. From May through November 20092010, trout-perch and their potential predators and prey were collected monthly from five sites in Saginaw Bay using bottom-trawls. Trout-perch were abundant components of the Saginaw Bay fish community, and in 2009, represented 13.5% of fish collected in trawls, with only yellow perch (38%) and rainbow smelt (19.1%) being more common. Trout-perch primarily consumed Chironomidae (84.0% of diet biomass) and exhibited strong, positive selection for Chironomidae and Amphipoda, suggesting that their diet preferences overlap with the economically important yellow perch and juvenile walleye. Energy content of trout-perch averaged 4795Jg1 wet and was similar to yellow perch (4662Jg1 wet) and round goby (3740Jg1 wet). Thus, they may provide a comparable food source for larger piscivorous fish. However, despite their high energy density, abundance, and spatial overlap with other fish prey species, trout-perch were very rare in diets of piscivorous walleye and yellow perch in Saginaw Bay, indicating that trout-perch are a weak conduit of energy transfer to higher trophic levels. C1 [Blouzdis, C. E.; Ivan, L. N.; Roswell, C. R.; Foley, C. J.; Hoeoek, T. O.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Pothoven, S. A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI USA. [Foley, C. J.; Hoeoek, T. O.] Purdue Univ, Illinois Indiana Sea Grant, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ivan, LN (reprint author), Univ Michigan, CILER, 4840 S State St, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM lori.ivan@noaa.gov OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Center; Purdue University FX This project was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Center for Sponsored Coastal and Ocean Research and Purdue University's Discovery Park Undergraduate Research Program and Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowships. We thank the crew of NOAA-GLERL's research vessels. This is NOAA-GLERL contribution number 1634. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 EI 1439-0426 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 2 BP 416 EP 424 DI 10.1111/jai.12023 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 107NH UT WOS:000316223900017 ER PT J AU Kang, YC O'Brien, WJ Dai, JK Mulva, SP Thomas, SP Chapman, RE Butry, D AF Kang, Youngcheol O'Brien, William J. Dai, Jiukun Mulva, Stephen P. Thomas, Stephen P. Chapman, Robert E. Butry, David TI Interaction Effects of Information Technologies and Best Practices on Construction Project Performance SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Information technology; Best practice; Interaction effects; Computer-aided projects management; Performance evaluation ID FIRM PERFORMANCE; PRODUCTIVITY PARADOX; MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS; BUSINESS VALUE; IMPLEMENTATION; CAPABILITIES; INTEGRATION; IMPACTS; DESIGN; MODEL AB Building from considerable empirical research in the general business literature, this paper quantitatively explores the view that the benefits of information technologies manifest themselves through improvement in work processes. In turn, better work processes lead to increased project performance. Using an overall sample of 133 projects ( missing data make specific correlation sample sizes smaller) from the Construction Industry Institute Benchmarking and Metrics database, this paper analyzes correlations between technology use and integration, best practices, and project performance measured with cost, schedule, and rework metrics. Data are also used to assess the complementary interaction between technology use, work processes as measured by best practices, and performance. The findings show that there are limited significant beneficial correlations between information technology use and performance, slightly more significant beneficial correlations between best practice use and performance, and several significant correlations between information technology use and application of Best practices. Interaction effects of the combined use of information technologies and best practices against performance are assessed, finding several positive correlations, although limited data availability prevents robust statistical evaluation. Overall, the paper concludes there is evidence that the benefits of information technologies in construction are found through changes in work processes. This paper thus challenges more common approaches that attempt to directly correlate the impact of information technology use on project performance with corresponding implications for both academic and industrial attempts at assessment. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000627. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Kang, Youngcheol] Florida Int Univ, OHL Sch Construct, Miami, FL 33174 USA. [O'Brien, William J.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Dai, Jiukun; Mulva, Stephen P.; Thomas, Stephen P.] Univ Texas Austin, Construct Ind Inst, Austin, TX 78759 USA. [Chapman, Robert E.; Butry, David] NIST, Appl Econ Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kang, YC (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, OHL Sch Construct, 10555 West Flagler St,EC 2934, Miami, FL 33174 USA. EM yckang@fiu.edu; wjob@mail.utexas.edu; jiukun.dai@cii.utexas.edu; smulva@cii.utexas.edu; sthomas@cii.utexas.edu; robert.chapman@nist.gov; david.butry@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [SB1341-07-SE-0623] FX The authors thank the National Institute of Standards and Technology who partially supported this study under contract No. SB1341-07-SE-0623 and the Construction Industry Institute which provided the data for analysis. NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 56 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9364 EI 1943-7862 J9 J CONSTR ENG M JI J. Constr. Eng. Manage. PD APR PY 2013 VL 139 IS 4 BP 361 EP 371 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000627 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 111WS UT WOS:000316552800003 ER PT J AU Castellote, M Leeney, RH O'Corry-Crowe, G Lauhakangas, R Kovacs, KM Lucey, W Krasnova, V Lydersen, C Stafford, KM Belikov, R AF Castellote, Manuel Leeney, Ruth H. O'Corry-Crowe, Gregory Lauhakangas, Rauno Kovacs, Kit M. Lucey, William Krasnova, Vera Lydersen, Christian Stafford, Kathleen M. Belikov, Roman TI Monitoring white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) with echolocation loggers SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beluga whales; Delphinapterus leucas; Echolocation loggers; Passive acoustic monitoring; T-POD; C-POD ID PORPOISES PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; HARBOR PORPOISES; BELUGA WHALE; PREY CAPTURE; MESOPLODON-DENSIROSTRIS; DISENCHANTMENT BAY; MARINE MAMMALS; T-PODS; BEHAVIOR; PATTERNS AB Monitoring programmes for white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) have been called for repeatedly in recent years because this species is likely to be negatively impacted by climate change, but also because such a broadly dispersed, high trophic feeder can serve as an effective ecosystem sentinel. Arctic ecosystems are difficult to monitor because of the extensive winter ice coverage and extreme environmental conditions in addition to low human population densities. However, passive acoustic monitoring has proved to be a reliable method to remotely survey the presence of some marine mammals in the Arctic. In this study, we evaluate the potential use of echolocation loggers (T-POD and C-POD, Chelonia Ltd.) for remote monitoring of white whales. Captive experiments and open water surveys in three arctic/subarctic habitats (ice-noise-dominated environment, ice-free environment and low-turbidity waters) were used to document detection performance and to explore the use of logger angle and inter-click interval data to look at activity patterns and tidal influences on space use. When acoustic results were compared to concurrent visual observations, echolocation detection was only attributed to periods of white whale presence near the recorder deployment sites. Both T-PODs and C-PODs effectively detected echolocation, even under noisy ice. Diel and tidal behavioural patterns were identified. Acoustically identified movement patterns between sites were visually confirmed. This study demonstrates the feasibility of monitoring white whales using echolocation loggers and describes some important features of their behaviour as examples of the potential application of this passive acoustic monitoring method in Arctic and subarctic regions. C1 [Castellote, Manuel] Parques Reunidos Valencia SA LOceanog, Valencia 46013, Spain. [Leeney, Ruth H.] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Evolut, Exeter TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England. [O'Corry-Crowe, Gregory] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Boca Raton, FL 34946 USA. [Lauhakangas, Rauno] Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Kovacs, Kit M.; Lydersen, Christian] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Lucey, William] City & Borough Yakutat, Yakutat, AK 99689 USA. [Krasnova, Vera; Belikov, Roman] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Inst Oceanol, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Stafford, Kathleen M.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Castellote, M (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM manuel.castellote@noaa.gov FU ARCFAC Transnational Access Programme, EU FP6 grant [ARCFAC026129-49]; Norwegian Polar Institute; European Social Fund FX We thank the Director of the Biology Department at L'Oceanografic of the City of the Arts and Sciences of Valencia, Spain, Mr. Pablo Areitio, and the Director of L'Oceanografic, Dr. Francisco Torner, for their support in the coordination of this study. We also appreciate the enthusiasm of The Marine Mammal Department and white whale staff from L'Oceanografic. We thank the Protected Resources Division, Alaska Regional Office of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS, Juneau, Alaska) for providing funding for the research in Disenchantment Bay. Special thanks go to Kaja Brix, Rod Hobbs, Barbara Mahoney and Brad Smith (all NMFS) for their continued support in many aspects of the project in Alaska. Nick Tregenza participated in Svalbard field work and provided useful comments in an earlier version of this manuscript. We appreciate the help provided by Sam Williams, Jeremiah Pavlik, Les Hartley, Doug DeMaster and Shannon Atkinson in Disenchantment Bay field work. We also acknowledge the assistance provided by the City and Borough of Yakutat, the Yakutat Tlingit Tribe and the US Park Service. We thank the Saimaa Seal Information Center and Juha Taskinen for providing field work support in the White Sea. All research in Disenchantment Bay was conducted under the National Marine Mammal Laboratory's (NMFS, NOAA) Scientific Research Permit No. 782-1719. The work in Svalbard was funded by an ARCFAC Transnational Access Programme, EU FP6 grant to RH Leeney (ARCFAC026129-49), and was additionally supported by the Norwegian Polar Institute. RH Leeney was funded by the European Social Fund. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 58 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 36 IS 4 BP 493 EP 509 DI 10.1007/s00300-012-1276-2 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 108YF UT WOS:000316331600003 ER PT J AU Nair, SS Hurley, DC Wang, SQ Young, TM AF Nair, Sandeep S. Hurley, Donna C. Wang, Siqun Young, Timothy M. TI Nanoscale characterization of interphase properties in maleated polypropylene-treated natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FORCE ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NANO-INDENTATION; EPOXY COMPOSITES; WOOD FIBER; INTERFACES; NANOINDENTATION; POLYETHYLENE; ADHESION AB Contact resonance force microscopy has been used to evaluate the effect of maleated polypropylene (MAPP) concentration on interphase thickness as well as the spatial distribution of mechanical properties within the interphase of cellulose fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites. The average interphase thickness values ranged from 25 nm to 104 nm for different concentrations of MAPP. The interphase region showed a gradient in the elastic modulus, with a gradual decrease in modulus from fiber to matrix. The interphase region in the specimen containing 0% MAPP showed a narrow interphase with steep gradient in modulus from fiber to matrix, whereas the use of MAPP significantly increased the interphase thickness which resulted in a more gradual change in modulus from fiber to matrix. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. (c) Society of Plastics Engineers C1 [Nair, Sandeep S.; Wang, Siqun; Young, Timothy M.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Renewable Carbon, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hurley, Donna C.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wang, SQ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Renewable Carbon, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM swang@utk.edu RI Young, Timothy/D-9949-2011 OI Young, Timothy/0000-0001-9564-6506 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2005-02645]; USDA Wood Utilization Research Grant; Natural Science Foundation of China [30928022] FX Contract grant sponsor: National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service; contract grant number: #2005-02645; Contract grant sponsor: USDA Wood Utilization Research Grant and Natural Science Foundation of China; contract grant number: #30928022. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0032-3888 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD APR PY 2013 VL 53 IS 4 BP 888 EP 896 DI 10.1002/pen.23330 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 108GS UT WOS:000316280900025 ER PT J AU van der Laan, DC Noyes, PD Miller, GE Weijers, HW Willering, GP AF van der Laan, D. C. Noyes, P. D. Miller, G. E. Weijers, H. W. Willering, G. P. TI Characterization of a high-temperature superconducting conductor on round core cables in magnetic fields up to 20 T SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The next generation of high-field magnets that will operate at magnetic fields substantially above 20 T, or at temperatures substantially above 4.2 K, requires high-temperature superconductors (HTS). Conductor on round core (CORC) cables, in which RE-Ba2Cu3O7-delta (RE D rare earth) (REBCO) coated conductors are wound in a helical fashion on a flexible core, are a practical and versatile HTS cable option for low-inductance, high-field magnets. We performed the first tests of CORC magnet cables in liquid helium in magnetic fields of up to 20 T. A record critical current I-c of 5021 A was measured at 4.2 K and 19 T. In a cable with an outer diameter of 7.5 mm, this value corresponds to an engineering current density J(e) of 114 A mm(-2), the highest J(e) ever reported for a superconducting cable at such high magnetic fields. Additionally, the first magnet wound from an HTS cable was constructed from a 6 m-long CORC cable. The 12-turn, double-layer magnet had an inner diameter of 9 cm and was tested in a magnetic field of 20 T, at which it had an I-c of 1966 A. The cables were quenched repetitively without degradation during the measurements, demonstrating the feasibility of HTS CORC cables for use in high-field magnet applications. C1 [van der Laan, D. C.] Adv Conductor Technol LLC, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [van der Laan, D. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [van der Laan, D. C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Noyes, P. D.; Miller, G. E.; Weijers, H. W.] Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Willering, G. P.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP van der Laan, DC (reprint author), Adv Conductor Technol LLC, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM danko@advancedconductor.com RI van der Laan, Danko/L-5098-2016 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AI05-98OR22652, DE-SC0007891, DE-SC0007660]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0654118]; State of Florida; US Department of Energy FX This work was in part supported by the US Department of Energy under agreement numbers DE-AI05-98OR22652, DE-SC0007891, and DE-SC0007660. A portion of this work was performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, which is supported by National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement number DMR-0654118, the State of Florida, and the US Department of Energy. Certain commercial materials are referred to in this paper to foster better understanding. Such identification implies neither recommendation nor endorsement by NIST, nor that the materials identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 21 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 20 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 4 AR 045005 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/26/4/045005 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 107VF UT WOS:000316248200006 ER PT J AU O'Leary, DP Rust, BW AF O'Leary, Dianne P. Rust, Bert W. TI Variable projection for nonlinear least squares problems SO COMPUTATIONAL OPTIMIZATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Data fitting; Model fitting; Variable projection method; Nonlinear least squares problems; Jacobian approximation; Least squares approximation; Statistical software; Mathematical software design and analysis ID REGRESSION; ALGORITHM AB The variable projection algorithm of Golub and Pereyra (SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 10:413-432, 1973) has proven to be quite valuable in the solution of nonlinear least squares problems in which a substantial number of the parameters are linear. Its advantages are efficiency and, more importantly, a better likelihood of finding a global minimizer rather than a local one. The purpose of our work is to provide a more robust implementation of this algorithm, include constraints on the parameters, more clearly identify key ingredients so that improvements can be made, compute the Jacobian matrix more accurately, and make future implementations in other languages easy. C1 [O'Leary, Dianne P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [O'Leary, Dianne P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [O'Leary, Dianne P.] Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rust, Bert W.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP O'Leary, DP (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM oleary@cs.umd.edu; bert.rust@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [NSF DMS 1016266] FX Certain commercial software products are identified in this paper in order to adequately specify the computational procedures. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the software products identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. Part of this work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant NSF DMS 1016266. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0926-6003 J9 COMPUT OPTIM APPL JI Comput. Optim. Appl. PD APR PY 2013 VL 54 IS 3 BP 579 EP 593 DI 10.1007/s10589-012-9492-9 PG 15 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 105NY UT WOS:000316079700006 ER PT J AU Bocchini, PJ Lass, EA Moon, KW Williams, ME Campbell, CE Kattner, UR Dunand, DC Seidman, DN AF Bocchini, Peter J. Lass, Eric A. Moon, Kil-Won Williams, Maureen E. Campbell, Carelyn E. Kattner, Ursula R. Dunand, David C. Seidman, David N. TI Atom-probe tomographic study of gamma/gamma ' interfaces and compositions in an aged Co-Al-W superalloy SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Cobalt alloys; Superalloy; Atom-probe tomography; Intermetallic compounds; Interfaces ID COBALT-BASE ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPOUND CO-3(AL,W); KINETIC PATHWAYS; CR ALLOYS; PHASE; DEFORMATION; SEGREGATION; EVOLUTION; SINGLE AB Atom-probe tomography (APT) is utilized to investigate, in a Co-9.7Al-10.8W at.% alloy aged at 900 degrees C for similar to 1000 h, the phase compositions and partitioning behavior of the two-phase gamma(face-centered cubic)/gamma'(L1(2)) microstructure. The APT composition of the gamma-matrix (Co-8.97Al-5.69W at.%) agrees well with a previously reported measurement made by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; however, the composition of the gamma'(L1(2)) precipitates (Co-10.03Al-12.48W at.%) is slightly richer in W and Al, and leaner in Co. Partitioning coefficients and Al interfacial excesses are also calculated. (c) 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bocchini, Peter J.; Dunand, David C.; Seidman, David N.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Lass, Eric A.; Moon, Kil-Won; Williams, Maureen E.; Campbell, Carelyn E.; Kattner, Ursula R.; Dunand, David C.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Seidman, David N.] NUCAPT, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Bocchini, PJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2226 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM pbocchin@gmail.com RI Dunand, David/B-7515-2009; Seidman, David/B-6697-2009; Lass, Eric/B-4586-2014; OI Dunand, David/0000-0001-5476-7379 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-98ER45721]; NASA Aeronautics Scholarship Program; NSF-MRI Program [DMR 0420532]; ONR-DURIP Program [N00014-0400798] FX This research was sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (Dr. John Vetrano, monitor) through Grant DE-FG02-98ER45721. P.J.B. received partial support from the NASA Aeronautics Scholarship Program. APT measurements were conducted at the Northwestern University Center for Atom-Probe Tomography (NUCAPT). The LEAP tomograph was purchased with funds from the NSF-MRI Program through Grant DMR 0420532 (Dr. Charles Bouldin, monitor) and from the ONR-DURIP Program through Grant N00014-0400798 (Dr. Julie Christodoulou, monitor). The authors would like to thank Dr. D. Isheim for managing NUCAPT and Drs. I. Blum and J. Saal for valuable discussions. We also gratefully acknowledge the Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN) for Grants to upgrade the capabilities of NUCAPT. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 70 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD APR PY 2013 VL 68 IS 8 BP 563 EP 566 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.11.035 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 105CB UT WOS:000316042100005 ER PT J AU Mulligan, T Reinard, AA Lynch, BJ AF Mulligan, T. Reinard, Alysha A. Lynch, Benjamin J. TI Advancing in situ modeling of ICMEs: New techniques for new observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB It is generally known that multispacecraft observations of interplanetary coronal mass ejections ( ICMEs) are more likely to reveal their three-dimensional structure than single-spacecraft observations. The launch of STEREO in October 2006 has greatly increased the number of multipoint ICME studies, but the field is still in its infancy. To date, many studies still use flux rope models that rely on single track observations through a vast, multifaceted structure, which oversimplifies the problem and hinders interpretation of the large-scale geometry. This oversimplification is especially problematic for multispacecraft ICME observations in which only one spacecraft observes a flux rope structure. To tackle these complex problems, we describe two new techniques and combine them to analyze two ICMEs observed at the twin STEREO spacecraft on 22-23 May 2007, when the spacecraft were separated by similar to 9 degrees. We find a combination of non-force-free flux rope multispacecraft modeling, together with a new non-flux rope ICME plasma flow deflection model, better constrains the large-scale structure of these ICMEs. We also introduce a new spatial mapping technique that allows us to put multispacecraft observations and the new ICME model results in context with the convecting solar wind. What is distinctly different about this analysis is that it reveals aspects of ICME geometry and dynamics in a far more visually intuitive way than previously accomplished. In the case of the 22-23 May ICMEs, the analysis facilitates a more physical understanding of ICME large-scale structure, the location and geometry of flux rope substructures within these ICMEs, and their dynamic interaction with the ambient solar wind. C1 [Mulligan, T.] Aerosp Corp, Dept Space Sci, POB 92957, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Reinard, Alysha A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Lynch, Benjamin J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mulligan, T (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, Dept Space Sci, POB 92957, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. EM Tamitha.Mulligan@aero.org RI Lynch, Benjamin/B-1300-2013; OI Lynch, Benjamin/0000-0001-6886-855X FU NASA SRT [NNX08AH54G]; AFOSR YIP [FA9550-11-1-0048]; NASA HTP [NNX11AJ65G]; NASA [NAS5-03131, NAS5-00132] FX T.M. and A.A.R. acknowledge support from NASA SR&T (NNX08AH54G). B.J.L. acknowledges support of AFOSR YIP (FA9550-11-1-0048) and NASA HTP (NNX11AJ65G). Support for the STEREO mission in situ data processing and analysis was provided through NASA contracts to the IMPACT (NAS5-03131) and PLASTIC (NAS5-00132) teams. The authors thank the ACE MAG, SWEPAM, and SWICS teams for making their data available on the ACE Science Center Web site (http://www.srl.caltech.edu/ACE/ASC/). T.M. also acknowledges R.A. Leske for his invaluable discussions during the early stages of this manuscript. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 4 DI 10.1002/jgra.50101 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA V45BB UT WOS:000209791000001 ER PT J AU Grachev, AA Andreas, EL Fairall, CW Guest, PS Persson, POG AF Grachev, Andrey A. Andreas, Edgar L. Fairall, Christopher W. Guest, Peter S. Persson, P. Ola G. TI The Critical Richardson Number and Limits of Applicability of Local Similarity Theory in the Stable Boundary Layer SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flux-profile relationships; Critical Richardson number; Monin-Obukhov similarity theory; Nieuwstadt local scaling; Non-Kolmogorov turbulence; Richardson-Kolmogorov cascade; SHEBA; Stable boundary layer; z-less similarity ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; FLUX-PROFILE RELATIONSHIPS; TURBULENCE CLOSURE-MODEL; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; Z-LESS STRATIFICATION; LOW-LEVEL JET; SEA-ICE; GRADIENT RELATIONSHIPS; STRONG STABILITY; SELF-CORRELATION AB Measurements of atmospheric turbulence made over the Arctic pack ice during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean experiment (SHEBA) are used to determine the limits of applicability of Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (in the local scaling formulation) in the stable atmospheric boundary layer. Based on the spectral analysis of wind velocity and air temperature fluctuations, it is shown that, when both the gradient Richardson number, Ri, and the flux Richardson number, Rf, exceed a 'critical value' of about 0.20-0.25, the inertial subrange associated with the Richardson-Kolmogorov cascade dies out and vertical turbulent fluxes become small. Some small-scale turbulence survives even in this supercritical regime, but this is non-Kolmogorov turbulence, and it decays rapidly with further increasing stability. Similarity theory is based on the turbulent fluxes in the high-frequency part of the spectra that are associated with energy-containing/flux-carrying eddies. Spectral densities in this high-frequency band diminish as the Richardson-Kolmogorov energy cascade weakens; therefore, the applicability of local Monin-Obukhov similarity theory in stable conditions is limited by the inequalities Ri < Ri (cr) and Rf < Rf (cr). However, it is found that Rf (cr) = 0.20-0.25 is a primary threshold for applicability. Applying this prerequisite shows that the data follow classical Monin-Obukhov local z-less predictions after the irrelevant cases (turbulence without the Richardson-Kolmogorov cascade) have been filtered out. C1 [Grachev, Andrey A.; Persson, P. Ola G.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Andreas, Edgar L.] NW Res Associates Inc, Lebanon, NH USA. [Fairall, Christopher W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Guest, Peter S.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Grachev, AA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway,R PSD3, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Andrey.Grachev@noaa.gov OI GRACHEV, ANDREY/0000-0002-7143-0820 FU U.S. National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs; NSF [ARC 11-07428, ARC 10-19322]; U.S. Civilian Research & Development Foundation (CRDF) [RUG1-2976-ST-10] FX The U.S. National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs supported our original SHEBA research. During the current work NSF also supported AAG and POGP with award ARC 11-07428 and ELA with award ARC 10-19322. AAG also was supported by the U.S. Civilian Research & Development Foundation (CRDF) with award RUG1-2976-ST-10. NR 93 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 EI 1573-1472 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD APR PY 2013 VL 147 IS 1 BP 51 EP 82 DI 10.1007/s10546-012-9771-0 PG 32 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098RX UT WOS:000315567500004 ER PT J AU Boyar, J Matthews, P Peralta, R AF Boyar, Joan Matthews, Philip Peralta, Rene TI Logic Minimization Techniques with Applications to Cryptology SO JOURNAL OF CRYPTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Circuit complexity; Multiplicative complexity; Linear component minimization; Shortest Linear Program; Cancellation; AES; S-box ID MULTIPLICATIVE COMPLEXITY; S-BOX; AES; APPROXIMATION; ALGORITHM; CIRCUIT; BASES AB A new technique for combinational logic optimization is described. The technique is a two-step process. In the first step, the nonlinearity of a circuit-as measured by the number of nonlinear gates it contains-is reduced. The second step reduces the number of gates in the linear components of the already reduced circuit. The technique can be applied to arbitrary combinational logic problems, and often yields improvements even after optimization by standard methods has been performed. In this paper we show the results of our technique when applied to the S-box of the Advanced Encryption Standard (FIPS in Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2001). We also show that, in the second step, one is faced with an NP-hard problem, the Shortest Linear Program (SLP) problem, which is to minimize the number of linear operations necessary to compute a set of linear forms. In addition to showing that SLP is NP-hard, we show that a special case of the corresponding decision problem is Max SNP-complete, implying limits to its approximability. Previous algorithms for minimizing the number of gates in linear components produced cancellation-free straight-line programs, i.e., programs in which there is no cancellation of variables in GF(2). We show that such algorithms have approximation ratios of at least 3/2 and therefore cannot be expected to yield optimal solutions to nontrivial inputs. The straight-line programs produced by our techniques are not always cancellation-free. We have experimentally verified that, for randomly chosen linear transformations, they are significantly smaller than the circuits produced by previous algorithms. C1 [Boyar, Joan] Univ So Denmark, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Odense, Denmark. [Boyar, Joan; Matthews, Philip] Aarhus Univ, Aarhus, Denmark. [Peralta, Rene] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Boyar, Joan] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. RP Boyar, J (reprint author), Univ So Denmark, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Odense, Denmark. EM joan@imada.sdu.dk; rene.peralta@nist.gov OI Boyar, Joan/0000-0002-0725-8341 FU Danish Council for Independent Research, Natural Sciences FX Research of J. Boyar was partially supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research, Natural Sciences. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0933-2790 EI 1432-1378 J9 J CRYPTOL JI J. Cryptology PD APR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 2 BP 280 EP 312 DI 10.1007/s00145-012-9124-7 PG 33 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA 097JM UT WOS:000315469800005 ER PT J AU Lei, H Wuebbles, DJ Liang, XZ Olsen, S AF Lei, Hang Wuebbles, Donald J. Liang, Xin-Zhong Olsen, Seth TI Domestic versus international contributions on 2050 ozone air quality: How much is convertible by regional control? SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air quality; Ozone; Climate change; Anthropogenic emission; Uncertainty ID SURFACE OZONE; UNITED-STATES; INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT; BACKGROUND OZONE; NORTH-AMERICA; POLLUTION; CLIMATE; EMISSIONS; MODEL; PACIFIC AB A global climate chemistry model CAM-Chem is driven by the meteorology output from community climate system model version 3 (CCSM3) to investigate the relative contributions of changes in local anthropogenic emissions (LE) versus changes in remote anthropogenic emissions (RE) to global surface ozone air quality in 2050. On major ozone pollution regions (Europe, the United States, Asia), the effects are examined following three distinct pathways, A1FI, A1B and B1, from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) to address the uncertainty in projections of future climate and emissions. We find that projected changes in anthropogenic emissions under the A1FI scenario lead to an increase of 5-14 ppb in summertime daily maximum 8-h (DM8H) ozone concentration over U.S. by 2050, of which 48% is contributed by LE changes and 52% is contributed by RE changes. For Europe, the change in local emissions contributes 62% of the surface ozone increase in 2050 summer, while 38% of the increase is attributed to remote emission change. For Asia, changes in LE dominate the 2050 surface ozone increase with a magnitude of 10-30 ppb on summertime DM8H ozone concentration. However, under the A1B and 81 scenarios, contributions from LE changes are much larger than that from RE changes over all three regions except Asia under the B1 scenario, in which the RE changes contribute 31% of total change. The results indicate that for the United States and Europe, pollution control is a local issue under global low emission situations, while it becomes an international issue when fossil fuel use is rapidly increasing. Due to the weak Euro-Asia transport, local emission increase seems to be the main force for Asia's ozone air quality change under all cases except the low emission scenario B1. Therefore, the strategies for regional air quality control need to be based on global emission situation. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lei, Hang; Wuebbles, Donald J.; Olsen, Seth] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lei, Hang; Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lei, H (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resource Lab, College Pk, MD USA. EM hang.lei@noaa.gov OI Lei, Hang/0000-0002-9959-7454 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science [EPA RD-83337301] FX This research was supported in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program under award number EPA RD-83337301. The authors acknowledge DOE/NERSC and NCSA/UIUC for the supercomputing support. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2013 VL 68 BP 315 EP 325 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.12.002 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 094CR UT WOS:000315241100036 ER PT J AU Henry, ND Fair, PA AF Henry, Natasha D. Fair, Patricia A. TI Comparison of in vitro cytotoxicity, estrogenicity and anti-estrogenicity of triclosan, perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE triclosan; PFOS; PFOA; ESCREEN; MCF-7 BOS cells; estrogenicity; anti-estrogenicity ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; E-SCREEN ASSAY; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; SOUTH CHINA; HUMAN-MILK; EXPOSURE; PROLIFERATION; TOXICITY AB Concern with increasing levels of emerging contaminants exists on a global scale. Three commonly observed emerging environmental contaminants: triclosan (2,4,4-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether), a synthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial agent, and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), used in stain- and water-resistant treatments, have become distributed ubiquitously across ecosystems and have been detected in wildlife and humans. MCF-7 BOS human breast cancer cells were used to investigate the potential for cytotoxicity, estrogenicity and anti-estrogenicity of these three compounds at environmentally relevant concentrations using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt assay (MTS) and the E-SCREEN bioassay. The doses used were 0.002200?mu g?ml-1 for triclosan and 0.0330?mu g?ml-1 for PFOS and PFOA. Quantitative results from the MTS assay revealed no significant cytotoxicity at lower concentrations for any of the test compounds; however, both triclosan and PFOA were cytotoxic at the highest concentrations examined (100200 and 30?mu g?ml-1, respectively), while PFOS showed no significant cytotoxicity at any of the concentrations tested. Positive estrogenic responses (P?1 x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), except for CFC-115, and the rate coefficients for the HFCs were in the range (0.095-0.72) x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). Rate coefficients for the CFC-12, CFC-114, CFC-115, HFC-23, HFC-125, HFC-143a, and HFC-227ea reactions were observed to have a weak negative temperature dependence, E/R approximate to -25 K. Reactive rate coefficients, k(R), corresponding to the loss of the halocarbon, were measured for CFC-11, CFC-115, HCFC-22, HCFC-142b, HFC-23, HFC-125, HFC-143a, and HFC-227ea using a relative rate technique. The reactive branching ratio obtained was dependent on the composition of the halocarbon and the trend in O(D-1) reactivity with the extent of hydrogen and chlorine substitution is discussed. The present results are critically compared with previously reported kinetic data and the discrepancies are discussed. 2D atmospheric model calculations were used to evaluate the local and global annually averaged atmospheric lifetimes of the halocarbons and the contribution of O(D-1) chemistry to their atmospheric loss. The O(D-1) reaction was found to be a major global loss process for CFC-114 and CFC-115 and a secondary global loss process for the other molecules included in this study. C1 [Baasandorj, Munkhbayar; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Baasandorj, Munkhbayar] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fleming, Eric L.; Jackman, Charles H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fleming, Eric L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Jackman, Charles/D-4699-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NOAA's Climate Goal Program; NASA's Atmospheric Composition: Laboratory Studies and Modeling and Analysis Program FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Climate Goal and NASA's Atmospheric Composition: Laboratory Studies and Modeling and Analysis Programs. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 28 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 12 BP 2434 EP 2445 DI 10.1021/jp312781c PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 118NO UT WOS:000317032400004 PM 23441917 ER PT J AU Halpern, BS Gaines, SD Kleisner, K Longo, C Pauly, D Rosenberg, A Samhouri, JF Zeller, D AF Halpern, Benjamin S. Gaines, Steven D. Kleisner, Kristin Longo, Catherine Pauly, Daniel Rosenberg, AndrewA. Samhouri, Jameal F. Zeller, Dirk TI Is the ocean food provision index biased? reply SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 [Halpern, Benjamin S.; Longo, Catherine] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Halpern, Benjamin S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Marine Assessment & Planning, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Gaines, Steven D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kleisner, Kristin; Pauly, Daniel; Zeller, Dirk] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Sea Around Us Project, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Rosenberg, AndrewA.] Union Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Samhouri, Jameal F.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Halpern, BS (reprint author), Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, 735 State St,Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. EM halpern@nceas.ucsb.edu NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 28 PY 2013 VL 495 IS 7442 BP E7 EP E7 DI 10.1038/nature11975 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 113QN UT WOS:000316682800002 ER PT J AU Charlton-Perez, AJ Baldwin, MP Birner, T Black, RX Butler, AH Calvo, N Davis, NA Gerber, EP Gillett, N Hardiman, S Kim, J Kruger, K Lee, YY Manzini, E McDaniel, BA Polvani, L Reichler, T Shaw, TA Sigmond, M Son, SW Toohey, M Wilcox, L Yoden, S Christiansen, B Lott, F Shindell, D Yukimoto, S Watanabe, S AF Charlton-Perez, Andrew J. Baldwin, Mark P. Birner, Thomas Black, Robert X. Butler, Amy H. Calvo, Natalia Davis, Nicholas A. Gerber, Edwin P. Gillett, Nathan Hardiman, Steven Kim, Junsu Krueger, Kirstin Lee, Yun-Young Manzini, Elisa McDaniel, Brent A. Polvani, Lorenzo Reichler, Thomas Shaw, Tiffany A. Sigmond, Michael Son, Seok-Woo Toohey, Matthew Wilcox, Laura Yoden, Shigeo Christiansen, Bo Lott, Franois Shindell, Drew Yukimoto, Seiji Watanabe, Shingo TI On the lack of stratospheric dynamical variability in low-top versions of the CMIP5 models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE TRENDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PART I; WINTER; CIRCULATION; OZONE; CONFIGURATION; SIMULATIONS; IMPACT; WELL AB We describe the main differences in simulations of stratospheric climate and variability by models within the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) that have a model top above the stratopause and relatively fine stratospheric vertical resolution (high-top), and those that have a model top below the stratopause (low-top). Although the simulation of mean stratospheric climate by the two model ensembles is similar, the low-top model ensemble has very weak stratospheric variability on daily and interannual time scales. The frequency of major sudden stratospheric warming events is strongly underestimated by the low-top models with less than half the frequency of events observed in the reanalysis data and high-top models. The lack of stratospheric variability in the low-top models affects their stratosphere-troposphere coupling, resulting in short-lived anomalies in the Northern Annular Mode, which do not produce long-lasting tropospheric impacts, as seen in observations. The lack of stratospheric variability, however, does not appear to have any impact on the ability of the low-top models to reproduce past stratospheric temperature trends. We find little improvement in the simulation of decadal variability for the high-top models compared to the low-top, which is likely related to the fact that neither ensemble produces a realistic dynamical response to volcanic eruptions. Citation: Charlton-Perez, A. J., et al. (2013), On the lack of stratospheric dynamical variability in low-top versions of the CMIP5 models, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 2494-2505, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50125. C1 [Charlton-Perez, Andrew J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Baldwin, Mark P.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter, Devon, England. [Birner, Thomas; Davis, Nicholas A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Black, Robert X.; Lee, Yun-Young] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Butler, Amy H.] Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Calvo, Natalia] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Fis Tierra 2, Madrid, Spain. [Gerber, Edwin P.] NYU, New York, NY USA. [Gillett, Nathan] Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Hardiman, Steven] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Kim, Junsu; Reichler, Thomas] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Manzini, Elisa] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [McDaniel, Brent A.] Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys, Kennesaw, GA USA. [Polvani, Lorenzo; Shaw, Tiffany A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Math & Appl Phys, New York, NY USA. [Sigmond, Michael] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Son, Seok-Woo] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151, South Korea. [Krueger, Kirstin; Toohey, Matthew] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Kiel, Germany. [Wilcox, Laura] Univ Reading, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Reading, Berks, England. [Yoden, Shigeo] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan. [Christiansen, Bo] Danish Meteorol Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Lott, Franois] Ecole Normale Super, Lab Meteorol Dynam, F-75231 Paris, France. [Shindell, Drew] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Yukimoto, Seiji] Met Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Watanabe, Shingo] JAMSTEC, Res Inst Global Change, Tokyo, Japan. RP Charlton-Perez, AJ (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. EM a.j.charlton@reading.ac.uk RI Sigmond, Michael /K-3169-2012; Wilcox, Laura/F-3394-2013; Toohey, Matthew/G-3129-2010; Butler, Amy/K-6190-2012; Birner, Thomas/A-2108-2008; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Son, Seok-Woo /A-8797-2013; YODEN, SHIGEO/P-9065-2014; Black, Robert/L-8522-2014; Watanabe, Shingo/L-9689-2014; OI Christiansen, Bo/0000-0003-2792-4724; Charlton-Perez, Andrew/0000-0001-8179-6220; Sigmond, Michael /0000-0003-2191-9756; Wilcox, Laura/0000-0001-5691-1493; Toohey, Matthew/0000-0002-7070-405X; Butler, Amy/0000-0002-3632-0925; Birner, Thomas/0000-0002-2966-3428; Watanabe, Shingo/0000-0002-2228-0088; CALVO FERNANDEZ, NATALIA/0000-0001-6213-1864 FU National Centre for Atmospheric Science [CMIP5]; NSF under the US CLIVAR program; NSF under Office of Polar Program; U.S. National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-FOA000024]; National Science Foundation [ARC-1107384]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCINN) [CGL2008-05968-C02-01]; National Science Foundation; BMBF [01LP1130B]; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; European Commission [226520] FX We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available the model output listed in Table 1. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. A. J. C.-P. and L. J. W. were supported by an National Centre for Atmospheric Science CMIP5 grant. M. P. B. was funded by NSF under the US CLIVAR program and the Office of Polar Programs. T. B. and N. A. D. acknowledge support by the U.S. National Science Foundation. The research efforts of R. X. B., B. A. M. & Y.-Y. L. were conducted under support by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Award No. DE-FOA000024 and by the National Science Foundation Grant, ARC-1107384. N. C. was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCINN) through the CGL2008-05968-C02-01 project. E. P. G. was supported by the National Science Foundation. The work of M. T. and K. K. contributes to the BMBF joint research project MiKlip within the project ALARM through the grant 01LP1130B. The work of S. C. H. was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). We also acknowledge the European Commission's 7th Framework Programme, under Grant Agreement number 226520, COMBINE project which supplied some data not available from the CMIP5 archive. We also thank Gerard Devine (NCAS-CMS) for help with accessing and parsing meta-data information from the models. NR 40 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 67 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 6 BP 2494 EP 2505 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50125 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129MB UT WOS:000317843200003 ER PT J AU Lott, FC Stott, PA Mitchell, DM Christidis, N Gillett, NP Haimberger, L Perlwitz, J Thorne, PW AF Lott, F. C. Stott, P. A. Mitchell, D. M. Christidis, N. Gillett, N. P. Haimberger, L. Perlwitz, J. Thorne, P. W. TI Models versus radiosondes in the free atmosphere: A new detection and attribution analysis of temperature SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; REANALYSIS; ERA AB This analysis revisits detection and attribution of free atmosphere temperatures from radiosondes, almost a decade after previous studies. Since that time, data sets have not only become longer, but understanding of observational uncertainty has vastly improved. In addition, a coordinated set of experiments exploring the effects of human and natural forcings on past climate change has been made with a new generation of climate models. These advances allow a much more thorough analysis of the effects of modeling and observational uncertainty on attribution results than previously possible. Observational uncertainty is explored using multiple radiosonde reconstructions including those with ensembles of realizations exploring the effects of processing choices. Modeling uncertainty is explored by calculating multiple fingerprints of natural influence (from changes in solar irradiance and volcanic aerosols) and of human influence (due to greenhouse gases and due to the effects of combined anthropogenic forcings including stratospheric ozone depletion). With increased confidence over previous studies, human influences (both greenhouse gas and other anthropogenic forcings) have been detected in spatiotemporal changes in free atmosphere temperature from 1961 to 2010, irrespective of whether the full atmospheric column (30-850 hPa) is examined or purely the troposphere, with stratospheric ozone depletion dominating the cooling that has been observed in the lower stratosphere. Thus the advances of the last decade yield increased confidence that anthropogenic influences have made a substantial contribution to the evolution of free atmosphere temperatures. Citation: Lott, F. C., P. A. Stott, D. M. Mitchell, N. Christidis, N. P. Gillett, L. Haimberger, J. Perlwitz, and P. W. Thorne (2013), Models versus radiosondes in the free atmosphere: A new detection and attribution analysis of temperature, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 2609-2619, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50255. C1 [Lott, F. C.; Stott, P. A.; Christidis, N.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3BP, Devon, England. [Mitchell, D. M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Planetary Phys, Oxford, England. [Gillett, N. P.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Haimberger, L.] Univ Vienna, Dept Meteorol & Geophys, Vienna, Austria. [Perlwitz, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perlwitz, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Thorne, P. W.] NCSU, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [Thorne, P. W.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Lott, FC (reprint author), Met Off Hadley Ctr, Fitzroy Rd, Exeter EX1 3BP, Devon, England. EM fraser.lott@metoffice.gov.uk RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008; Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014; Stott, Peter/N-1228-2016; OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442; Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798; Stott, Peter/0000-0003-4853-7686; Mitchell, Daniel/0000-0002-0117-3486 FU Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101] FX The authors would like to thank Myles R Allen and Nathan L Bindoff for discussing the development of figures contained within this paper and Lesley J Gray for help with figures, wording and advice on solar effects. Special thanks go to Gareth S Jones for advising on data processing techniques, explained variance, multimodel analysis, and a number of other attribution-related issues. The World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling is responsible for CMIP. The climate modeling groups (listed in Table 1) produced and made available their model output. The authors owe gratitude to all the above. For CMIP the U. S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. This work was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 6 BP 2609 EP 2619 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50255 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129MB UT WOS:000317843200012 ER PT J AU Eliasson, S Holl, G Buehler, SA Kuhn, T Stengel, M Iturbide-Sanchez, F Johnston, M AF Eliasson, S. Holl, G. Buehler, S. A. Kuhn, T. Stengel, M. Iturbide-Sanchez, F. Johnston, M. TI Systematic and random errors between collocated satellite ice water path observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; AVHRR CLOUD DETECTION; DYNAMIC THRESHOLDS; RETRIEVAL METHODS; PART I; MISSION; MODIS; CLIMATE; CIRRUS; RADIUS AB There remains large disagreement between ice-water path (IWP) in observational data sets, largely because the sensors observe different parts of the ice particle size distribution. A detailed comparison of retrieved IWP from satellite observations in the Tropics (+/- 30 degrees latitude) in 2007 was made using collocated measurements. The radio detection and ranging(radar)/light detection and ranging (lidar) (DARDAR) IWP data set, based on combined radar/lidar measurements, is used as a reference because it provides arguably the best estimate of the total column IWP. For each data set, usable IWP dynamic ranges are inferred from this comparison. IWP retrievals based on solar reflectance measurements, in the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), advanced very high resolution radiometer-based Climate Monitoring Satellite Applications Facility (CMSAF), and Pathfinder Atmospheres-Extended (PATMOS-x) datasets, were found to be correlated with DARDAR over a large IWP range (similar to 20-7000 g m(-2)). The random errors of the collocated data sets have a close to lognormal distribution, and the combined random error of MODIS and DARDAR is less than a factor of 2, which also sets the upper limit forMODIS alone. In the same way, the upper limit for the random error of all considered data sets is determined. Data sets based on passive microwave measurements, microwave surface and precipitation products system (MSPPS), microwave integrated retrieval system (MiRS), and collocated microwave only (CMO), are largely correlated with DARDAR for IWP values larger than approximately 700 g m-2. The combined uncertainty between these data sets and DARDAR in this range is slightly less MODIS-DARDAR, but the systematic bias is nearly an order of magnitude. Citation: Eliasson, S., G. Holl, S. A. Buehler, T. Kuhn, M. Stengel, F. Iturbide-Sanchez, and M. Johnston (2013), Systematic and random errors between collocated satellite ice water path observations, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 2629-2642, doi:10.1029/2012JD018381. C1 [Eliasson, S.; Holl, G.; Buehler, S. A.; Kuhn, T.] Lulea Univ Technol, Div Space Technol, Dept Comp Sci Elect & Space Engn, Kiruna, Sweden. [Stengel, M.] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Satellite Applicat Facil Climate Monitoring, Offenbach, Germany. [Iturbide-Sanchez, F.] IM Syst Grp Inc, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Johnston, M.] Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Eliasson, S (reprint author), Lulea Univ Technol, Div Space Technol, Dept Comp Sci Elect & Space Engn, Kiruna, Sweden. EM salomon.eliasson@gmail.com RI Stengel, Martin/C-9801-2010; Kuhn, Thomas/F-9532-2011; Iturbide-Sanchez, Flavio/F-9186-2014; Buehler, Stefan Alexander/A-4056-2009 OI Kuhn, Thomas/0000-0003-3701-7925; Iturbide-Sanchez, Flavio/0000-0002-8539-0073; Buehler, Stefan Alexander/0000-0001-6389-1160 FU Swedish Science Council; Swedish National Space Board FX We thank the Swedish Science Council for cofunding the earlier phase and the Swedish National Space Board for cofunding the later phase of this study. We thank the ICARE Data and Services Center and LAADS web for providing access to the data used in this study. We thank Patrick Eriksson from Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, and Andy Heidinger from the Center for Satellite Applications and Research for numerous e-mail discussions related to this study. We thank the Swedish National Research School in Space Technology for offering courses that have helped S. E. and G. H. in their research. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 6 BP 2629 EP 2642 DI 10.1029/2012JD018381 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129MB UT WOS:000317843200014 ER PT J AU Perretti, CT Munch, SB Sugihara, G AF Perretti, Charles T. Munch, Stephan B. Sugihara, George TI Model-free forecasting outperforms the correct mechanistic model for simulated and experimental data SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES; STATISTICAL-INFERENCE; MATHEMATICAL-MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POPULATION; DYNAMICS; FLUCTUATIONS; SYSTEMS; VARIABILITY; STATES AB Accurate predictions of species abundance remain one of the most vexing challenges in ecology. This observation is perhaps unsurprising, because population dynamics are often strongly forced and highly nonlinear. Recently, however, numerous statistical techniques have been proposed for fitting highly parameterized mechanistic models to complex time series, potentially providing the machinery necessary for generating useful predictions. Alternatively, there is a wide variety of comparatively simple model-free forecasting methods that could be used to predict abundance. Here wepose a rather conservative challenge and ask whether a correctly specified mechanistic model, fit with commonly used statistical techniques, can provide better forecasts than simple model-free methods for ecological systems with noisy nonlinear dynamics. Using four different control models and seven experimental time series of flour beetles, we found that Markov chain Monte Carlo procedures for fitting mechanistic models often converged on best-fit parameterizations far different from the known parameters. As a result, the correctly specified models provided inaccurate forecasts and incorrect inferences. In contrast, a model-free method based on state-space reconstruction gave the most accurate short-term forecasts, even while using only a single time series from the multivariate system. Considering the recent push for ecosystem-based management and the increasing call for ecological predictions, our results suggest that a flexible model-free approach may be the most promising way forward. C1 [Perretti, Charles T.; Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Munch, Stephan B.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Perretti, CT (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM cperrett@ucsd.edu FU National Marine Fisheries Service/Sea Grant Population Dynamics Fellowship [E/PD-9]; CAMEO Program [NA08OAR4320894]; National Science Foundation [DEB-1020372] FX We thank Hao Ye, Ethan Deyle, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Funding support was provided by National Marine Fisheries Service/Sea Grant Population Dynamics Fellowship E/PD-9 and CAMEO Program Grant NA08OAR4320894, and National Science Foundation Grant DEB-1020372. NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 49 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 26 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 13 BP 5253 EP 5257 DI 10.1073/pnas.1216076110 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 131XN UT WOS:000318031900081 PM 23440207 ER PT J AU Masser, KA Yuan, HY Karim, A Snyder, CR AF Masser, Kevin A. Yuan, Hongyi Karim, Alamgir Snyder, Chad R. TI Polymer Chain Dynamics in Intercalated Poly(epsilon-caprolactone)/Nanoplatelet Blends SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; NANOCOMPOSITES; CRYSTALLIZATION; BEHAVIOR; LIQUIDS AB The dynamics of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) blends with small amounts of Cloisite 30B nanoplatelets were investigated via broadband dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. The terminal relaxation, or normal mode of PCL, was found to be strongly influenced by the presence of the nanoplatelets, exhibiting a relaxation from PCL chains within the Cloisite platelets as well as a bulk-like relaxation. These results, as well as X-ray scattering and rheological results from the literature, help to form a clearer picture of how the structure and dynamics relate to the bulk physical properties in these systems. Cloisite was observed to have minimal impact on both the glassy state dynamics as well as the segmental dynamics, due to the relatively weak interactions between the polymer and the platelets. C1 [Masser, Kevin A.; Snyder, Chad R.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yuan, Hongyi; Karim, Alamgir] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Snyder, CR (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chad.snyder@nist.gov RI Snyder, Chad/B-4957-2008 OI Snyder, Chad/0000-0002-2916-9809 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Research Council; AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0306]; Akron Functional Materials Center (AFMC) FX K.A.M. gratefully acknowledges support from the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the National Research Council. A.K. and H.Y. acknowledge AFOSR grant FA9550-12-1-0306 and the Akron Functional Materials Center (AFMC) for support of this work. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 26 PY 2013 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2235 EP 2240 DI 10.1021/ma3022647 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 115YJ UT WOS:000316847500022 ER PT J AU Schock, TB Duke, J Goodson, A Weldon, D Brunson, J Leffler, JW Bearden, DW AF Schock, Tracey B. Duke, Jessica Goodson, Abby Weldon, Daryl Brunson, Jeff Leffler, John W. Bearden, Daniel W. TI Evaluation of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Health during a Superintensive Aquaculture Growout Using NMR-Based Metabolomics SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED AMBIENT AMMONIA; AMINO-ACID LEVELS; OXIDATIVE PYRIMIDINE METABOLISM; PAULENSIS PEREZ-FARFANTE; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CULTURE-SYSTEMS; ENVIRONMENTAL METABOLOMICS; PENAEUS-VANNAMEI; IMMUNE-RESPONSES AB Success of the shrimp aquaculture industry requires technological advances that increase production and environmental sustainability. Indoor, superintensive, aquaculture systems are being developed that permit year-round production of farmed shrimp at high densities. These systems are intended to overcome problems of disease susceptibility and of water quality issues from waste products, by operating as essentially closed systems that promote beneficial microbial communities (biofloc). The resulting biofloc can assimilate and detoxify wastes, may provide nutrition for the farmed organisms resulting in improved growth, and may aid in reducing disease initiated from external sources. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic techniques were used to assess shrimp health during a full growout cycle from the nursery phase through harvest in a minimal-exchange, superintensive, biofloc system. Aberrant shrimp metabolomes were detected from a spike in total ammonia nitrogen in the nursery, from a reduced feeding period that was a consequence of surface scum build-up in the raceway, and from the stocking transition from the nursery to the growout raceway. The biochemical changes in the shrimp that were induced by the stressors were essential for survival and included nitrogen detoxification and energy conservation mechanisms. Inosine and trehalose may be general biomarkers of stress in Litopenaeus vannamei. This study demonstrates one aspect of the practicality of using NMR-based metabolomics to enhance the aquaculture industry by providing physiological insight into common environmental stresses that may limit growth or better explain reduced survival and production. C1 [Schock, Tracey B.; Duke, Jessica; Goodson, Abby; Bearden, Daniel W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Div Chem Sci, Charleston, SC USA. [Weldon, Daryl; Brunson, Jeff; Leffler, John W.] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Marine Resources Res Inst, Charleston, SC USA. RP Schock, TB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Div Chem Sci, Charleston, SC USA. EM tracey.schock@nist.gov FU Hollings Marine Laboratory NMR Facility; Waddell Mariculture Center; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) US Marine Shrimp Farming Program [USMSFP2010-21115-SCDNR] FX We are grateful for the assistance of Arezue Boroujerdi during the planning of this study and of Edward DuRant during the husbandry of the shrimp. We acknowledge the support of the Hollings Marine Laboratory NMR Facility and the Waddell Mariculture Center. Commercial equipment or materials are identified in this paper to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. This is contribution number 695 from the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Marine Resources Research Institute.; Major financial support for this project came from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) US Marine Shrimp Farming Program, grant #USMSFP2010-21115-SCDNR. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 80 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 70 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 26 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 AR e59521 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0059521 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 123VE UT WOS:000317418500043 PM 23555690 ER PT J AU Jayakumar, H Predojevic, A Huber, T Kauten, T Solomon, GS Weihs, G AF Jayakumar, Harishankar Predojevic, Ana Huber, Tobias Kauten, Thomas Solomon, Glenn S. Weihs, Gregor TI Deterministic Photon Pairs and Coherent Optical Control of a Single Quantum Dot SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ULTRABRIGHT SOURCE; LINEAR OPTICS; EMISSION; MICROCAVITY AB The strong confinement of semiconductor excitons in a quantum dot gives rise to atomlike behavior. The full benefit of such a structure is best observed in resonant excitation where the excited state can be deterministically populated and coherently manipulated. Because of the large refractive index and device geometry it remains challenging to observe resonantly excited emission that is free from laser scattering in III/V self-assembled quantum dots. Here we exploit the biexciton binding energy to create an extremely clean single photon source via two-photon resonant excitation of an InAs/GaAs quantum dot. We observe complete suppression of the excitation laser and multiphoton emissions. Additionally, we perform full coherent control of the ground-biexciton state qubit and observe an extended coherence time using an all-optical echo technique. The deterministic coherent photon pair creation makes this system suitable for the generation of time-bin entanglement and experiments on the interaction of photons from dissimilar sources. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.135505 C1 [Jayakumar, Harishankar; Predojevic, Ana; Huber, Tobias; Kauten, Thomas; Weihs, Gregor] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. RP Jayakumar, H (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, Tech Str 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM harishankar@uibk.ac.at; ana.predojevic@uibk.ac.at RI Predojevic, Ana/D-5884-2014; Weihs, Gregor/G-2564-2013; OI Predojevic, Ana/0000-0003-1840-0830; Weihs, Gregor/0000-0003-2260-3008; Huber, Tobias/0000-0002-5788-8501 FU European Research Council (project EnSeNa); Canadian Institute for Advanced Research through its Quantum Information Processing program; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through Lise Meitner Postdoctoral Fellowship [M-1243]; Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute (PFC@JQI) FX We acknowledge discussions with H. Ritsch and M. Hennrich regarding the theoretical modeling and with C. Couteau on the early ideas leading to this work. This work was funded by the European Research Council (project EnSeNa) and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research through its Quantum Information Processing program. A. P. would like to thank Austrian Science Fund (FWF) for support provided through Lise Meitner Postdoctoral Fellowship M-1243. G. S. S. acknowledges partial support through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute (PFC@JQI). NR 31 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 53 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 26 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 13 AR 135505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.135505 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 113RI UT WOS:000316685100018 PM 23581338 ER PT J AU Uhlig, J Fullagar, W Ullom, JN Doriese, WB Fowler, JW Swetz, DS Gador, N Canton, SE Kinnunen, K Maasilta, IJ Reintsema, CD Bennett, DA Vale, LR Hilton, GC Irwin, KD Schmidt, DR Sundstrom, V AF Uhlig, J. Fullagar, W. Ullom, J. N. Doriese, W. B. Fowler, J. W. Swetz, D. S. Gador, N. Canton, S. E. Kinnunen, K. Maasilta, I. J. Reintsema, C. D. Bennett, D. A. Vale, L. R. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. Schmidt, D. R. Sundstrom, V. TI Table-Top Ultrafast X-Ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometry for Molecular Structure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; FERROCENE; DIFFRACTION; IFEFFIT; SPECTRA; OPTICS; EXAFS AB This work presents an x-ray absorption measurement by use of ionizing radiation generated by a femtosecond pulsed laser source. The spectrometer was a microcalorimetric array whose pixels are capable of accurately measuring energies of individual radiation quanta. An isotropic continuum x-ray spectrum in the few-keV range was generated from a laser plasma source with a water-jet target. X rays were transmitted through a ferrocene powder sample to the detector, whose pixels have average photon energy resolution Delta E = 3.14 eV full-width-at-half-maximum at 5.9 keV. The bond distance of ferrocene was retrieved from this first hard-x-ray absorption fine-structure spectrum collected with an energy-dispersive detector. This technique will be broadly enabling for time-resolved observations of structural dynamics in photoactive systems. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.138302 C1 [Uhlig, J.; Fullagar, W.; Gador, N.; Canton, S. E.; Kinnunen, K.; Sundstrom, V.] Lund Univ, Dept Chem Phys, Lund, Sweden. [Uhlig, J.; Ullom, J. N.; Doriese, W. B.; Fowler, J. W.; Swetz, D. S.; Reintsema, C. D.; Bennett, D. A.; Vale, L. R.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Schmidt, D. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Canton, S. E.] Lund Univ, Dept Synchrotron Radiat Instrumentat, Lund, Sweden. [Kinnunen, K.; Maasilta, I. J.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, Nanosci Ctr, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. RP Uhlig, J (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Chem Phys, Lund, Sweden. RI Bennett, Douglas/B-8001-2012; Canton, Sophie/A-8432-2016; OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690; Uhlig, Jens/0000-0002-0528-0422; Maasilta, Ilari/0000-0001-8566-1569 FU Swedish Consortium for Artificial Photosynthesis; NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program; ERC Advanced Investigator Grant [226136]; Marie Curie Early Stage Researcher Training Site MAXLAS; European Commission under the 6th European Framework Program FX The system was developed in the collaborative environment of the Lund Laser Centre and the Quantum Device Group of NIST Boulder, and acknowledges funding from the Swedish Consortium for Artificial Photosynthesis, the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program and an ERC Advanced Investigator Grant No. 226136 to V. S. J U. acknowledges a scholarship under the Marie Curie Early Stage Researcher Training Site MAXLAS that was financed by the European Commission under the 6th European Framework Program. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 26 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 13 AR 138302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.138302 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 113RI UT WOS:000316685100034 PM 23581383 ER PT J AU Yan, RS Zhang, Q Kirillov, OA Li, W Basham, J Boosalis, A Liang, XL Jena, D Richter, CA Seabaugh, AC Gundlach, DJ Xing, HLG Nguyen, NV AF Yan, Rusen Zhang, Qin Kirillov, Oleg A. Li, Wei Basham, James Boosalis, Alex Liang, Xuelei Jena, Debdeep Richter, Curt A. Seabaugh, Alan C. Gundlach, David J. Xing, Huili G. Nguyen, N. V. TI Graphene as transparent electrode for direct observation of hole photoemission from silicon to oxide SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; INTERNAL PHOTOEMISSION; THIN-FILMS AB We demonstrate the application of graphene as collector material in internal photoemission (IPE) spectroscopy, which enables direct observation of both electron and hole injections at a Si/Al2O3 interface and overcomes the long-standing difficulty of detecting holes in IPE measurements. The observed electron and hole barrier heights are 3.5 +/- 0.1 eV and 4.1 +/- 0.1 eV, respectively. Thus, the bandgap of Al2O3 can be deduced to be 6.5 +/- 0.2 eV, in good agreement with the value obtained by ellipsometry analysis. Our modeling effort reveals that, by using graphene, the carrier injection from the emitter is significantly enhanced and the contribution from the collector electrode is minimal. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4796169] C1 [Yan, Rusen; Zhang, Qin; Kirillov, Oleg A.; Li, Wei; Basham, James; Boosalis, Alex; Richter, Curt A.; Gundlach, David J.; Nguyen, N. V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yan, Rusen; Zhang, Qin; Jena, Debdeep; Seabaugh, Alan C.; Xing, Huili G.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Li, Wei; Liang, Xuelei] Peking Univ, Key Lab Phys & Chem Nano Devices, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Boosalis, Alex] Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Boosalis, Alex] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Yan, RS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ryan1@nd.edu; hxing@nd.edu; nhan.nguyen@nist.gov RI Liang, Xuelei/C-4690-2013; Basham, James/A-7390-2012; Yan, Rusen/A-1618-2014; Yan, Rusen/P-6908-2014 OI Basham, James/0000-0002-6786-0211; FU NIST Semiconductor and Dimensional Metrology Division; Nanoelectronics Research Initiative through the Midwest Institute for Nanoelectronics Discovery (MIND) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the NIST Semiconductor and Dimensional Metrology Division and the Nanoelectronics Research Initiative through the Midwest Institute for Nanoelectronics Discovery (MIND). NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 46 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 25 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 12 AR 123106 DI 10.1063/1.4796169 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 117QB UT WOS:000316967100069 ER PT J AU Ramelow, S Mech, A Giustina, M Groblacher, S Wieczorek, W Beyer, J Lita, A Calkins, B Gerrits, T Nam, SW Zeilinger, A Ursin, R AF Ramelow, Sven Mech, Alexandra Giustina, Marissa Groeblacher, Simon Wieczorek, Witlef Beyer, Joern Lita, Adriana Calkins, Brice Gerrits, Thomas Nam, Sae Woo Zeilinger, Anton Ursin, Rupert TI Highly efficient heralding of entangled single photons SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; DETECTOR; SENSORS AB Single photons are an important prerequisite for a broad spectrum of quantum optical applications. We experimentally demonstrate a heralded single-photon source based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion in collinear bulk optics, and fiber-coupled bolometric transition-edge sensors. Without correcting for background, losses, or detection inefficiencies, we measure an overall heralding efficiency of 83 %. By violating a Bell inequality, we confirm the single-photon character and high-quality entanglement of our heralded single photons which, in combination with the high heralding efficiency, are a necessary ingredient for advanced quantum communication protocols such as one-sided device-independent quantum key distribution. (c) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Ramelow, Sven; Mech, Alexandra; Giustina, Marissa; Zeilinger, Anton; Ursin, Rupert] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. [Ramelow, Sven; Mech, Alexandra; Giustina, Marissa; Zeilinger, Anton] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Vienna, Austria. [Groeblacher, Simon; Wieczorek, Witlef; Zeilinger, Anton] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Vienna Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol, Vienna, Austria. [Beyer, Joern] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Lita, Adriana; Calkins, Brice; Gerrits, Thomas; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ramelow, S (reprint author), Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, Boltzmanngasse 3, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. EM marissa.giustina@univie.ac.at RI Wieczorek, Witlef/D-1869-2010; Ursin, Rupert/E-9548-2012; Groeblacher, Simon/O-2455-2014; Ramelow, Sven/H-6798-2012 OI Wieczorek, Witlef/0000-0003-1847-053X; Ursin, Rupert/0000-0002-9403-269X; Ramelow, Sven/0000-0002-7801-4440 FU Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) [SFB F4008]; Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) under project CoQuS; grant Q-ESSENCE [248095]; John Templeton Foundation; European commission through a Marie Curie fellowship; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; NIST Quantum Information Science Initiative (QISI) FX This work was supported by the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) under projects SFB F4008 and CoQuS, the grant Q-ESSENCE (no. 248095), and the John Templeton Foundation. SG acknowledges support from the European commission through a Marie Curie fellowship. WW acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and is a recipient of a Marie Curie Fellowship of the European commission. This work was also supported by the NIST Quantum Information Science Initiative (QISI). NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 31 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 25 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 6 BP 6707 EP 6717 DI 10.1364/OE.21.006707 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 115ES UT WOS:000316796000007 PM 23546052 ER PT J AU Berninger, M Zenesini, A Huang, B Harm, W Nagerl, HC Ferlaino, F Grimm, R Julienne, PS Hutson, JM AF Berninger, Martin Zenesini, Alessandro Huang, Bo Harm, Walter Naegerl, Hanns-Christoph Ferlaino, Francesca Grimm, Rudolf Julienne, Paul S. Hutson, Jeremy M. TI Feshbach resonances, weakly bound molecular states, and coupled-channel potentials for cesium at high magnetic fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; LONG-RANGE POTENTIALS; LOG-DERIVATIVE METHOD; RELAXATION RATES; ULTRACOLD ATOMS; ENERGY-LEVELS; METAL ATOMS; QUANTUM GAS; SCATTERING; COLLISIONS AB We explore the scattering properties of ultracold ground-state Cs atoms at magnetic fields between 450 G (45 mT) and 1000 G. We identify 17 previously unreported Feshbach resonances, including two very broad ones near 549 and 787 G. We measure the binding energies of several different dimer states by magnetic field modulation spectroscopy. We use least-squares fitting to these experimental results, together with previous measurements at lower field, to determine a six-parameter model of the long-range interaction potential, designated M2012. Coupled-channels calculations using M2012 provide an accurate mapping between the s-wave scattering length and the magnetic field over the entire range of fields considered. This mapping is crucial for experiments that rely on precise tuning of the scattering length, such as those on Efimov physics. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.87.032517 C1 [Berninger, Martin; Zenesini, Alessandro; Huang, Bo; Harm, Walter; Naegerl, Hanns-Christoph; Ferlaino, Francesca; Grimm, Rudolf] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Berninger, Martin; Zenesini, Alessandro; Huang, Bo; Harm, Walter; Naegerl, Hanns-Christoph; Ferlaino, Francesca; Grimm, Rudolf] Univ Innsbruck, Zentrum Quantenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Berninger, Martin; Zenesini, Alessandro; Huang, Bo; Harm, Walter; Naegerl, Hanns-Christoph; Ferlaino, Francesca; Grimm, Rudolf] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantenopt & Quanteninformat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Julienne, Paul S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hutson, Jeremy M.] Univ Durham, Dept Chem, JQC Durham Newcastle, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Berninger, M (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RI Hutson, Jeremy/F-4748-2012; Grimm, Rudolf/D-2864-2009; Naegerl, Hanns-Christoph/E-7329-2010; Ferlaino, francesca/E-6726-2012; Zenesini, Alessandro/A-7689-2013; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Hutson, Jeremy/0000-0002-4344-6622; Grimm, Rudolf/0000-0003-1085-5558; Naegerl, Hanns-Christoph/0000-0002-7789-4431; Zenesini, Alessandro/0000-0001-8035-3348; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU Austrian Science Fund FWF [P23106]; Marie Curie Intra-European Program of the European Commission [LatTriCs]; EPSRC; AFOSR MURI [FA9550-09-1-0617]; EOARD [FA8655-10-13033] FX We acknowledge support by the Austrian Science Fund FWF within Project No. P23106. A.Z. was supported within the Marie Curie Intra-European Program of the European Commission (Project No. LatTriCs). P.S.J. and J.M.H. acknowledge support from EPSRC, AFOSR MURI Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0617, and EOARD Grant No. FA8655-10-13033. NR 84 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 25 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 3 AR 032517 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.032517 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 113IM UT WOS:000316660000012 ER PT J AU Zurn, G Lompe, T Wenz, AN Jochim, S Julienne, PS Hutson, JM AF Zuern, G. Lompe, T. Wenz, A. N. Jochim, S. Julienne, P. S. Hutson, J. M. TI Precise Characterization of Li-6 Feshbach Resonances Using Trap-Sideband-Resolved RF Spectroscopy of Weakly Bound Molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITARY FERMI GAS; ULTRACOLD GASES; ATOMS; THERMODYNAMICS; SUPERFLUID AB We perform radio-frequency dissociation spectroscopy of weakly bound Li-6(2) Feshbach molecules using low-density samples of about 30 molecules in an optical dipole trap. Combined with a high magnetic field stability, this allows us to resolve the discrete trap levels in the radio-frequency dissociation spectra. This novel technique allows the binding energy of Feshbach molecules to be determined with unprecedented precision. We use these measurements as an input for a fit to the Li-6 scattering potential using coupled-channel calculations. From this new potential, we determine the pole positions of the broad Li-6 Feshbach resonances with an accuracy better than 7 x 10(-4) of the resonance widths. This eliminates the dominant uncertainty for current precision measurements of the equation of state of strongly interacting Fermi gases. As an important consequence, our results imply a corrected value for the Bertsch parameter xi measured by Ku et al. [Science 335, 563 (2012)], which is xi = 0.370(5)(8). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.135301 C1 [Zuern, G.; Lompe, T.; Wenz, A. N.; Jochim, S.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Zuern, G.; Lompe, T.; Wenz, A. N.; Jochim, S.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Lompe, T.; Jochim, S.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch, EMMI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Julienne, P. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Julienne, P. S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hutson, J. M.] Univ Durham, Dept Chem, Joint Quantum Ctr JQC Durham Newcastle, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Zurn, G (reprint author), Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. EM lompe@physi.uni-heidelberg.de; J.M.Hutson@durham.ac.uk RI Hutson, Jeremy/F-4748-2012; Jochim, Selim/G-1287-2011; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Hutson, Jeremy/0000-0002-4344-6622; Jochim, Selim/0000-0001-6049-2658; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU IMPRS-QD, Helmholtz Alliance [HA216/EMMI]; Heidelberg Center for Quantum Dynamics, ERC [279697]; EPSRC, AFSOR MURI [FA9550-09-1-0617]; EOARD [FA8655-10-1-3033] FX The authors thank M. Ku and M. Zwierlein for providing the corrected value of xi as well as enlightening discussions. The authors gratefully acknowledge support from IMPRS-QD, Helmholtz Alliance HA216/EMMI, the Heidelberg Center for Quantum Dynamics, ERC Starting Grant No. 279697, EPSRC, AFSOR MURI Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0617, and EOARD Grant No. FA8655-10-1-3033. NR 28 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 25 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 13 AR 135301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.135301 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 113QU UT WOS:000316683500009 PM 23581332 ER PT J AU Wang, R Yang, CX Fan, M Wu, MM Wang, CH Yu, XH Zhu, JL Zhang, JR Li, GB Huang, QZ Chen, DF Jin, TN Kamiyama, T Liao, FH Lin, JH AF Wang, Rong Yang, Chengxu Fan, Min Wu, Meimei Wang, Chunhai Yu, Xiaohui Zhu, Jinlong Zhang, Junrong Li, Guobao Huang, Qingzhen Chen, Dongfeng Jin, Tounan Kamiyama, Takashi Liao, Fuhui Lin, Jianhua TI Phase relationship of the TbO1.81-Mn3O4-Fe2O3 system synthesized at 1200 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE TbMnO3; Phase diagram; Solid-state reaction; Multiferroic; Powder X-ray diffraction ID MULTIFERROIC MATERIAL; MANGANESE OXIDE; POLARIZATION; FE3O4-MN3O4; SPINELS; TBMNO3 AB The phase relationship of the TbO1.81-Mn3O4-Fe2O3 pseudo-ternary system synthesized at 1200 degrees C was determined using X-ray and neutron diffraction method. Four solid solutions, Mn3-3xFe3xO4 (0.00 <= x <= 0.278), Mn3-3xFe3xO4 (0.291 <= x <= 0.667), Mn2-2xFe2xO3 (0.89 <= x <= 1.00), and (Tb1-yMnzFex) (FewMn1-w)O-3 (1-y + x + z <= 1, 0.00 <= w <= 1.00) were found along with six two-phase regions and three three-phase regions. The boundaries were determined by several different methods such as phase disappearing, the Vigard's law, and the lever rule. (C) 2012 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Chengxu; Li, Guobao; Liao, Fuhui; Lin, Jianhua] Peking Univ, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Wang, Rong; Fan, Min; Jin, Tounan] Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100022, Peoples R China. [Wu, Meimei; Chen, Dongfeng] China Inst Atom Energy, Dept Nucl Phys, Neutron Scattering Lab, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. [Wang, Chunhai] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Yu, Xiaohui; Zhu, Jinlong] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zhang, Junrong; Kamiyama, Takashi] Res Org KEK, Inst Mat Struct Sci, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. [Huang, Qingzhen] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, GB (reprint author), Peking Univ, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM liguobao@pku.edu.cn; qing.huang@nist.gov; tnjinkim@bjut.edu.cn; jhlin@pku.edu.cn RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Wang, Chun-Hai/J-2814-2014; Li, Guobao/F-3690-2016 OI Wang, Chun-Hai/0000-0001-5527-199X; Li, Guobao/0000-0003-3061-193X FU National Key Basic Research Project of China [2010CB833103]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [11075220]; Beijing Municipal Commission of Education [KM20101000 5019] FX This work is supported by a National Key Basic Research Project of China (2010CB833103), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 11075220), and Scientific Research Key Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (KM20101000 5019). We thank Dr. M. Avdeev for assistance collecting the neutron power diffraction data at the OPAL facility. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAR 25 PY 2013 VL 554 BP 385 EP 394 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.12.011 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 085VK UT WOS:000314642200060 ER PT J AU Xu, LL Zhang, Q Hou, GF Chen, P Li, GM Pajerowski, DM Dennis, CL AF Xu, Lili Zhang, Qian Hou, Guangfeng Chen, Peng Li, Guangming Pajerowski, Daniel M. Dennis, Cindi L. TI Syntheses, structures, and magnetic properties of salen type Cu-Gd dimer and hexamer complexes with strong ferromagnetic interactions SO POLYHEDRON LA English DT Article DE Synthesis; Structure; Salen type; Heteronuclear Cu-Gd; Magnetism ID SCHIFF-BASE COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; LUMINESCENT PROPERTIES; METHANOL MONOSOLVATE; 3D-4F COMPLEXES; MONONUCLEAR 4F; LANTHANIDE; TRINUCLEAR; LN; LIGAND AB Two salen type heteronuclear Cu-Gd complexes, namely, [((GdCuLCl3)-Cl-1(CH3OH)(2)] (1) and [(Gd2Cu4L4Cl2)-Cl-2(OH)](PF6)(3) (2) (H2L1=N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane and H2L2 = N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1,3-diaminopropane) have been isolated. X-ray crystallographic analysis shows that 1 is of a typical neutral heterodinuclear Cu-Gd structure, while 2 features an unusual ionic hexanuclear Cu-Gd structure. Magnetic analysis reveals the dominant ferromagnetic interactions within the clusters. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Lili; Zhang, Qian; Hou, Guangfeng; Chen, Peng; Li, Guangming] Heilongjiang Univ, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Key Lab Funct Inorgan Mat Chem MOE, Harbin 150080, Peoples R China. [Pajerowski, Daniel M.; Dennis, Cindi L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, GM (reprint author), Heilongjiang Univ, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Key Lab Funct Inorgan Mat Chem MOE, Harbin 150080, Peoples R China. EM gmli_2000@163.com; daniel@pajerowski.com RI Li, Guangming/I-6447-2016; 侯, 广峰/D-1958-2014; OI 侯, 广峰/0000-0002-8864-7823; Pajerowski, Daniel/0000-0003-3890-2379 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21072049, 51102081, 51272069]; Heilongjiang Province [2010td03]; Heilongjiang University; NRC/NIST FX This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21072049, 51102081 and 51272069), Heilongjiang Province (No. 2010td03) and Heilongjiang University. D.M.P. acknowledges support from the NRC/NIST research associateship program. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 49 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-5387 J9 POLYHEDRON JI Polyhedron PD MAR 22 PY 2013 VL 52 SI SI BP 91 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.poly.2012.11.019 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 141SP UT WOS:000318747100009 ER PT J AU Manson, JL Brown, CM Huang, Q Schlueter, JA Lancaster, T Blundell, SJ Singleton, J Lynn, JW Pratt, FL AF Manson, Jamie L. Brown, Craig M. Huang, Qing Schlueter, John A. Lancaster, Tom Blundell, Stephen J. Singleton, John Lynn, Jeffrey W. Pratt, Francis L. TI Mn(dca)(2)(o-phen) {dca = dicyanamide; o-phen=1,10-phenanthroline}: Long-range magnetic order in a low-dimensional Mn-dca polymer SO POLYHEDRON LA English DT Article DE Dicyanamide; Coordination polymer; Magnetic properties; Neutron diffraction; Muon-spin relaxation ID 1-D COORDINATION POLYMERS; MOLECULE-BASED MAGNET; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM; EXTENDED NETWORKS; SPIN EXCITATIONS; N(CN)(2)(-); PYRAZINE; PYZ; NI AB The crystal structure, phonon density-of-states, and magnetic properties of Mn(dca)(2)(o-phen) (dca = dicyanamide, N(CN)(2)(-): o-phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) have been studied using several methods including magnetization, muon-spin relaxation, and neutron and X-ray scattering. From X-ray crystallography the structure was shown to consist of octahedral MnN6 sites that are connected via four mu(1,5)-bridging dca ligands while the two remaining cis-positions are occupied by N-donors of the o-phen ligand. Two Mn2+ ions are bridged together by two dca anions to afford [Mn-2(dca)(2)(o-phen)(2)](2+) "dimers." These dimers are linked in 2D via mu(1,5)-dca ligands to afford a polymeric structure whereas the o-phen ligands act as spacers. Bulk magnetic susceptibility data show a characteristic broad maximum at 2.65 K while neutron scattering and muon-spin relaxation data establish T-N = 1.85 K. For T << T-N, the magnetization, as obtained in pulsed-fields, saturates at 5.75 T and reaches a moment typical of an isotropic S = 5/2 ion. The magnetic structure was determined and found to consist of antiferromagnetically ordered Mn2+ moments oriented in the ac-plane with no spin-canting being evident. The magnetic space group symmetry for the Mn2+ moments is P2'(1)/c with each Mn2+ ion carrying a magnetic moment of 4.7(1)mu(B), in good agreement with the value of 5.0 mu(B) expected for an isotropic, high-spin S = 5/2 ion. The fact that LRO is observed in Mn(dca)(2)(o-phen) is unusual among low-dimensional dicyanamide complexes especially since only mu(1,5)-dca modes are involved. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Manson, Jamie L.] Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. [Brown, Craig M.; Huang, Qing; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schlueter, John A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lancaster, Tom] Univ Durham, Ctr Phys Mat, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Lancaster, Tom; Blundell, Stephen J.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Singleton, John] Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Pulsed Field Facil, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Pratt, Francis L.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Pulsed Muon Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Manson, JL (reprint author), Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. EM jmanson@ewu.edu RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1005825]; UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"); Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSF [DMR-0654118]; State of Florida; U.S. DoE BES program "Science in 100 T" FX The work at EWU was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-1005825. Work supported by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. A portion of this work was performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, which is supported by NSF Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-0654118, the State of Florida, and the U.S. DoE BES program "Science in 100 T." Part of this work was performed at the Swiss Muon Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland. We are grateful to Alex Amato for technical assistance. Identification of commercial equipment in the text is not intended to imply any recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-5387 J9 POLYHEDRON JI Polyhedron PD MAR 22 PY 2013 VL 52 SI SI BP 679 EP 688 DI 10.1016/j.poly.2012.07.087 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 141SP UT WOS:000318747100084 ER PT J AU Xu, XD Peng, SQ Yang, XJ Xu, HX Tong, DQ Wang, DX Guo, YD Chan, JCL Chen, LS Yu, W Li, YN Lai, ZJ Zhang, SJ AF Xu, Xiangde Peng, Shiqiu Yang, Xiangjing Xu, Hongxiong Tong, Daniel Q. Wang, Dongxiao Guo, Yudi Chan, Johnny C. L. Chen, Lianshou Yu, Wei Li, Yineng Lai, Zhijuan Zhang, Shengjun TI Does warmer China land attract more super typhoons? SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION; HURRICANE; PARAMETER; FLOW AB Accurate prediction of where and when typhoons (or named hurricanes which form over the North Atlantic Ocean) will make landfall is critical to protecting human lives and properties. Although the traditional method of typhoon track prediction based on the steering flow theory has been proven to be an effective way in most situations, it slipped up in some cases. Our analysis of the long-term Chinese typhoon records reveals that typhoons, especially super typhoons (those with maximum sustained surface winds of greater than 51 ms(-1)), have a trend to make landfalls toward warmer land in China over the past 50 years (1960-2009). Numerical sensitivity experiments using an advanced atmospheric model further confirm this finding. Our finding suggests an alternative approach to predict the landfall tracks of the most devastating typhoons in the southeastern China. C1 [Xu, Xiangde; Yang, Xiangjing; Xu, Hongxiong; Guo, Yudi; Chen, Lianshou; Yu, Wei; Zhang, Shengjun] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Xu, Xiangde; Peng, Shiqiu; Wang, Dongxiao; Li, Yineng; Lai, Zhijuan] Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Yang, Xiangjing] Chenzhou Meteorol Bur Hunan Prov, Chenzhou 423000, Peoples R China. [Tong, Daniel Q.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Chan, Johnny C. L.] City Univ Hong Kong, Sch Energy & Environm, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Peng, SQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM speng@scsio.ac.cn RI Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008; WANG, DongXiao/B-4445-2012; OI Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568; CHAN, Johnny Chung Leung/0000-0001-8390-7422 FU MOST of China [2009CB421504, 2011CB403505]; Innovation Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-EW-208]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41076009, 41075037]; Hundred Talent Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences FX This work was jointly supported by the MOST of China (973 Projects with Grant No. 2009CB421504 & 2011CB403505), the Innovation Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-EW-208), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41076009 & 41075037), and the Hundred Talent Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The Grid Analysis and Display System (GrADS) was employed to plot most of the figures. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD MAR 22 PY 2013 VL 3 AR 1522 DI 10.1038/srep01522 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 111TT UT WOS:000316544400005 PM 23519311 ER PT J AU Tarasevich, BJ Perez-Salas, U Masica, DL Philo, J Kienzle, P Krueger, S Majkrzak, CF Gray, JL Shaw, WJ AF Tarasevich, Barbara J. Perez-Salas, Ursula Masica, David L. Philo, John Kienzle, Paul Krueger, Susan Majkrzak, Charles F. Gray, Jeffrey L. Shaw, Wendy J. TI Neutron Reflectometry Studies of the Adsorbed Structure of the Amelogenin, LRAP SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; FORMATION IN-VITRO; RECOMBINANT AMELOGENIN; PROTEIN HYDRATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ENAMEL FORMATION; HYDROXYAPATITE; ADSORPTION; MACROMOLECULES; ORIENTATION AB Amelogenins make up over 90% of the protein present during enamel formation and have been demonstrated to be critical in proper enamel development, but the mechanism governing this control is not well understood. Leucine-rich amelogenin peptide (LRAP) is a 59-residue splice variant of amelogenin and contains the charged regions from the full protein thought to control crystal regulation. In this work, we utilized neutron reflectivity (NR) to investigate the structure and orientation of LRAP adsorbed from solutions onto molecularly smooth COOH-terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surfaces. Sedimentation velocity (SV) experiments revealed that LRAP is primarily a monomer in saturated calcium phosphate (SCP) solutions (0.15 M NaC1) at pH 7.4. LRAP adsorbed as similar to 32 angstrom thick layers at similar to 70% coverage as determined by NR. Rosetta simulations of the dimensions of LRAP in solution (37 angstrom diameter) indicate that the NR determined z dimension is consistent with an LRAP monomer. SV experiments and Rosetta simulations show that the LRAP monomer has an extended, asymmetric shape in solution. The NR data suggests that the protein is not completely extended on the surface, having some degree of structure away from the surface. A protein orientation with the Cterminal and inner N-terminal regions (residues similar to 8-24) located near the surface is consistent with the higher scattering length density (SLD) found near the surface by NR. This work presents new information on the tertiary and quaternary structure of LRAP in solution and adsorbed onto surfaces. It also presents further evidence that the monomeric species may be an important functional form of amelogenin proteins. C1 [Tarasevich, Barbara J.; Shaw, Wendy J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Perez-Salas, Ursula] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Masica, David L.; Gray, Jeffrey L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Philo, John] Alliance Prot Labs Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Kienzle, Paul; Krueger, Susan; Majkrzak, Charles F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tarasevich, BJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM barbara.tarasevich@pnnl.gov; wendy.shaw@pnnl.gov RI Gray, Jeffrey/B-5682-2008 OI Gray, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6380-2324 FU NIH-NIDCR [DE-015347]; US-DOE; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX This work was supported by NIH-NIDCR Grant DE-015347 (PNNL) and was performed in part at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, operated by Battelle for the US-DOE. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672 and was performed in part at NIST. We would like to thank Andrew Rockwell, who helped collect the initial NR data. We thank Robert Latour and Nadeem Vellore for providing coordinates for the COOH SAM surface. NR 68 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 21 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 11 BP 3098 EP 3109 DI 10.1021/jp311936j PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 114WI UT WOS:000316773300005 PM 23477285 ER PT J AU Siderius, DW Shen, VK AF Siderius, Daniel W. Shen, Vincent K. TI Use of the Grand Canonical Transition-Matrix Monte Carlo Method to Model Gas Adsorption in Porous Materials SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID PHASE COEXISTENCE PROPERTIES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; MOLECULAR SIMULATION; CAPILLARY CONDENSATION; CONFINED SYSTEMS; ENTHALPY CHANGE; GIBBS ENSEMBLE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; OF-STATES AB We present grand canonical transition-matrix Monte Carlo (GC-TMMC) as an efficient method for simulating gas adsorption processes, with particular emphasis on subcritical gas adsorption in which capillary phase transitions are present. As in other applications of TMMC, the goal of the simulation is to compute a particle number probability distribution (PNPD), from which thermophysical properties of the system can be computed. The key advantage of GC-TMMC is that, by appropriate use of histogram reweighting, one can generate an entire adsorption isotherm, including those with hysteresis loops, from the PNPD generated by a single GC-TMMC simulation. We discuss how to determine various thermophysical properties of an adsorptive system from the PNPD, including the identification of capillary phases and capillary phase transitions, the equilibrium phase transition, other free energies, and the heat of adsorption. To demonstrate the utility of GC-Tmmc for studies of adsorption, we apply the method to various systems including cylindrical pores and a crystalline adsorbent to compute various properties and compare results to previously published data. Our results demonstrate that the GC-TMMC method efficiently yields adsorption isotherms and high-quality properties of adsorptive systems and can be straightforwardly applied to more complex fluids and adsorbent materials. C1 [Siderius, Daniel W.; Shen, Vincent K.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Siderius, DW (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.siderius@nist.gov FU National Research Council at the National Institute of Standards and Technology FX D.W.S. acknowledges the financial support from a National Research Council postdoctoral research associateship at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 88 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 21 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 11 BP 5861 EP 5872 DI 10.1021/jp400480q PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 114WF UT WOS:000316773000041 ER PT J AU Wu, H Yildirim, T Zhou, W AF Wu, Hui Yildirim, Taner Zhou, Wei TI Exceptional Mechanical Stability of Highly Porous Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework UiO-66 and Its Important Implications SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METHANE STORAGE; CRYSTAL; STABILIZATION; CHEMISTRY; FUTURE AB Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with high porosity usually exhibit weak mechanical stabilities, in particular, rather low stabilities against shear stress. This limitation remains one of the bottlenecks for certain applications of porous MOFs, such as gas storage or separation that requires dense packing of the MOP powders under mechanical compression without collapsing the pores. We found that UiO-66, a prototypical Zr-MOF with high porosity, exhibits unusually high shear stability. Its minimal shear modulus (G(min) = 13.7 GPa) is an order of magnitude higher than those of other benchmark highly porous MOFs (e.g., MOF-5, ZIF-8, HKUST-1), approaching that of zeolites. Our analysis clearly shows that the exceptional mechanical stability of UiO-66 is due to its high framework connections (i.e., the high degree of coordination of Zr-O metal centers to the organic linkers). Our work thus provides important guidelines for developing new porous MOFs targeting at high mechanical stabilities. C1 [Wu, Hui; Yildirim, Taner; Zhou, Wei] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Zhou, W (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wzhou@nist.gov RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; FU DOE BES [DE-FG02-08 ER 46522] FX We thank Dr. John J. Rush for his critical reading of this manuscript. T.Y. acknowledges partial support from the DOE BES grant no. DE-FG02-08 ER 46522. NR 38 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 28 U2 221 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD MAR 21 PY 2013 VL 4 IS 6 BP 925 EP 930 DI 10.1021/jz4002345 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 114WE UT WOS:000316772900014 PM 26291357 ER PT J AU Safronova, MS Safronova, UI Porsev, SG AF Safronova, M. S. Safronova, U. I. Porsev, S. G. TI Polarizabilities, Stark shifts, and lifetimes of the In atom SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LOW-LYING LEVELS; THALLIUM; AMPLITUDES AB We evaluate the polarizabilities of the 5p(1/2), 6s, 6p(1/2), and 6p(3/2) states of In using two high-precision relativistic methods: the linearized coupled-cluster approach, where single, double, and partial triple excitations of the Dirac-Fock wave function are included to all orders of perturbation theory, and an approach that combines the configuration interaction and the coupled-cluster method. An extensive comparison of the accuracy of these methods is carried out. The uncertainties of all recommended values are evaluated. Our result for the 6s-5p(1/2) Stark shift is in excellent agreement with a recent measurement [Ranjit et al., Phys. Rev. A 87, 032506 (2013)]. Combining our calculation with this precision measurement allows us to infer the values of the 6p(1/2) and 6p(3/2) lifetimes in In with 0.8% accuracy. Our predictions for the 6p(3/2) scalar and tensor polarizabilities may be combined with the future measurement of the 6s-6p(3/2) Stark shift to accurately determine the 5d(j)-6p(j') matrix elements. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.032513 C1 [Safronova, M. S.; Porsev, S. G.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Porsev, S. G.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Distr, Russia. RP Safronova, MS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM msafrono@physics.udel.edu FU NSF [PHY-1068699]; US NSF [PHY-1068699]; RFBR [11-02-00943] FX We thank P. K. Majumder for bringing this problem to our attention and for helpful discussions. We thank M. G. Kozlov for discussion of the CI+ all-order calculations and construction of the CI spaces and A. Borschevsky for providing unpublished CCSD and CCSD(T) values for the In+ core polarizabilities. The work of M.S.S was supported in part by NSF Grant No. PHY-1068699. The work of S.G.P. was supported in part by US NSF Grant No. PHY-1068699 and RFBR Grant No. 11-02-00943. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 21 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 3 AR 032513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.032513 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 110AB UT WOS:000316412900002 ER PT J AU Artuso, RD Bryant, GW AF Artuso, Ryan D. Bryant, Garnett W. TI Quantum dot-quantum dot interactions mediated by a metal nanoparticle: Towards a fully quantum model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EXCITON-PLASMON INTERACTION; HYBRID EXCITONS AB We study the interactions between two semiconductor quantum dots (SQDs) coupled to a metal nanoparticle using different approximations. In particular, we identify and address issues in modeling the system using a semiclassical approach. We find that a semiclassical approach to model the coupling between the SQDs can lead to unstable, oscillatory, and chaotic behavior in a strong SQD-SQD coupling regime. This nonlinear behavior is shown to be due to a breaking of the identical particle symmetry. Additionally, we see that this chaotic behavior is closely related to the type of decoherence present in the system, specifically, whether the decoherence is collective or noncollective between the two SQDs. This provides insight into proper accounting of these important, but often neglected, interactions. When the system is modeled using a more quantum mechanical approach, this chaotic regime is absent. Finally, we compare the two models on a system with a strong plasmon-mediated interaction between the SQDs and a weak direct interaction between them. In this case, we find that while the results of the two models are similar, dipole blockade and the level splitting of the single-exciton states in the quantum model give rise to nontrivial differences between the two models. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.125423 C1 [Artuso, Ryan D.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Artuso, RD (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ryan.artuso@nist.gov NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 57 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 21 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 12 AR 125423 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.125423 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 110AY UT WOS:000316415500007 ER PT J AU Anderson, MJ Tolimieri, N Millar, RB AF Anderson, Marti J. Tolimieri, Nick Millar, Russell B. TI Beta Diversity of Demersal Fish Assemblages in the North-Eastern Pacific: Interactions of Latitude and Depth SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DEEP-SEA; SPECIES-RICHNESS; GROUNDFISH ASSEMBLAGES; HABITAT HETEROGENEITY; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; SCALE PATTERNS; TAXONOMIC DISTINCTNESS; BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; BENTHIC BIODIVERSITY; MEDITERRANEAN SEA AB Knowledge of broad-scale global patterns in beta diversity (i.e., variation or turnover in identities of species) for marine systems is in its infancy. We analysed the beta diversity of groundfish communities along the North American Pacific coast, from trawl data spanning 32.57 degrees N to 48.52 degrees N and 51 m to 1200 m depth. Analyses were based on both the Jaccard measure and the probabilistic Raup-Crick measure, which accounts for variation in alpha diversity. Overall, beta diversity decreased with depth, and this effect was strongest at lower latitudes. Superimposed on this trend were peaks in beta diversity at around 400-600 m and also around 1000-1200 m, which may indicate high turnover around the edges of the oxygen minimum zone. Beta diversity was also observed to decrease with latitude, but this effect was only observed in shallower waters (<200 m); latitudinal turnover began to disappear at depths >800 m. At shallower depths (, 200 m), peaks in latitudinal turnover were observed at similar to 43 degrees N, 39 degrees N, 35 degrees N and 31 degrees N, which corresponded well with several classically observed oceanographic boundaries. Turnover with depth was stronger than latitudinal turnover, and is likely to reflect strong environmental filtering over relatively short distances. Patterns in beta diversity, including latitude-by-depth interactions, should be integrated with other biodiversity measures in ecosystem-based management and conservation of groundfish communities. C1 [Anderson, Marti J.] Massey Univ, New Zealand Inst Adv Study, Auckland, New Zealand. [Tolimieri, Nick] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA USA. [Millar, Russell B.] Univ Auckland, Dept Stat, Auckland 1, New Zealand. RP Anderson, MJ (reprint author), Massey Univ, New Zealand Inst Adv Study, Auckland, New Zealand. EM m.j.anderson@massey.ac.nz FU Royal Society of New Zealand Marsden Grant [MAU0713] FX M.J. Anderson was supported by a Royal Society of New Zealand Marsden Grant no. MAU0713. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 89 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 48 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 19 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 AR e57918 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0057918 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 125SR UT WOS:000317562100018 PM 23526960 ER PT J AU Hoef, JMV Temesgen, H AF Hoef, Jay M. Ver Temesgen, Hailemariam TI A Comparison of the Spatial Linear Model to Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) Methods for Forestry Applications SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING BASAL-AREA; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; SATELLITE IMAGERY; MULTIPLE IMPUTATION; COVARIANCE PARAMETERS; NONPARAMETRIC METHODS; PREDICTION ERROR; ATTRIBUTES; INVENTORY; GEOSTATISTICS AB Forest surveys provide critical information for many diverse interests. Data are often collected from samples, and from these samples, maps of resources and estimates of aerial totals or averages are required. In this paper, two approaches for mapping and estimating totals; the spatial linear model (SLM) and k-NN (k-Nearest Neighbor) are compared, theoretically, through simulations, and as applied to real forestry data. While both methods have desirable properties, a review shows that the SLM has prediction optimality properties, and can be quite robust. Simulations of artificial populations and resamplings of real forestry data show that the SLM has smaller empirical root-mean-squared prediction errors (RMSPE) for a wide variety of data types, with generally less bias and better interval coverage than k-NN. These patterns held for both point predictions and for population totals or averages, with the SLM reducing RMSPE from 9% to 67% over some popular k-NN methods, with SLM also more robust to spatially imbalanced sampling. Estimating prediction standard errors remains a problem for k-NN predictors, despite recent attempts using model-based methods. Our conclusions are that the SLM should generally be used rather than k-NN if the goal is accurate mapping or estimation of population totals or averages. C1 [Hoef, Jay M. Ver] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Temesgen, Hailemariam] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hoef, JMV (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jay.verhoef@noaa.gov OI Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895 FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries FX This project received financial support from Alaska Fisheries Science Center of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Any use of trade names is for description purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 68 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 19 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 AR e59129 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0059129 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 125SR UT WOS:000317562100080 ER PT J AU Kanter, D Mauzerall, DL Ravishankara, AR Daniel, JS Portmann, RW Grabiel, PM Moomaw, WR Galloway, JN AF Kanter, David Mauzerall, Denise L. Ravishankara, A. R. Daniel, John S. Portmann, Robert W. Grabiel, Peter M. Moomaw, William R. Galloway, James N. TI A post-Kyoto partner: Considering the stratospheric ozone regime as a tool to manage nitrous oxide SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE climate gases; nitrogen cycle; stratospheric ozone depletion; global environmental governance ID N2O; MITIGATION; EFFICIENCY; OPTIONS; CLIMATE; MANURE; CYCLE AB Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the largest known remaining anthropogenic threat to the stratospheric ozone layer. However, it is currently only regulated under the 1997 Kyoto Protocol because of its simultaneous ability to warm the climate. The threat N2O poses to the stratospheric ozone layer, coupled with the uncertain future of the international climate regime, motivates our exploration of issues that could be relevant to the Parties to the ozone regime (the 1985 Vienna Convention and its 1987 Montreal Protocol) should they decide to take measures to manage N2O in the future. There are clear legal avenues to regulate N2O under the ozone regime as well as several ways to share authority with the existing and future international climate treaties. N2O mitigation strategies exist to address the most significant anthropogenic sources, including agriculture, where behavioral practices and new technologies could contribute significantly to reducing emissions. Existing policies managing N2O and other forms of reactive nitrogen could be harnessed and built on by the ozone regime to implement N2O controls. There are several challenges and potential cobenefits to N2O control which we discuss here: food security, equity, and implications of the nitrogen cascade. The possible inclusion of N2O in the ozone regime need not be viewed as a sign of failure of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to adequately deal with climate change. Rather, it could represent an additional valuable tool in sustainable development diplomacy. C1 [Kanter, David; Mauzerall, Denise L.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mauzerall, Denise L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ravishankara, A. R.; Daniel, John S.; Portmann, Robert W.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Moomaw, William R.] Tufts Univ, Fletcher Sch, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Galloway, James N.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Ravishankara, AR (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM a.r.ravishankara@noaa.gov RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Mauzerall, Denise/I-5977-2013; Dailey-Fisher, Debra/I-6725-2013; Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Mauzerall, Denise/0000-0003-3479-1798; Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; NR 59 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 74 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 19 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 12 BP 4451 EP 4457 DI 10.1073/pnas.1222231110 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 125EK UT WOS:000317521600021 PM 23440192 ER PT J AU Bertin, MJ Moeller, P Guillette, LJ Chapman, RW AF Bertin, Matthew J. Moeller, Peter Guillette, Louis J., Jr. Chapman, Robert W. TI Using Machine Learning Tools to Model Complex Toxic Interactions with Limited Sampling Regimes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID AMIDES; PRYMNESIUM-PARVUM CARTER; SLEEP; MIXTURE; OLEAMIDE; CELLS; DERIVATIVES; ASSAY; RATS AB A major impediment to understanding the impact of environmental stress, including toxins and other pollutants, on organisms, is that organisms are rarely challenged by one or a few stressors in natural systems. Thus, linking laboratory experiments that are limited by practical considerations to a few stressors and a few levels of these stressors to real world conditions is constrained. In addition, while the existence of complex interactions among stressors can be identified by current statistical methods, these methods do not provide a means to construct mathematical models of these interactions. In this paper, we offer a two-step process by which complex interactions of stressors on biological systems can be modeled in an experimental design that is within the limits of practicality. We begin with the notion that environment conditions circumscribe an n-dimensional hyperspace within which biological processes or end points are embedded. We then randomly sample this hyperspace to establish experimental conditions that span the range of the relevant parameters and conduct the experiment(s) based upon these selected conditions. Models of the complex interactions of the parameters are then extracted using machine learning tools, specifically artificial neural networks. This approach can rapidly generate highly accurate models of biological responses to complex interactions among environmentally relevant toxins, identify critical subspaces where nonlinear responses exist, and provide an expedient means of designing traditional experiments to test the impact of complex mixtures on biological responses. Further, this can be accomplished with an astonishingly small sample size. C1 [Bertin, Matthew J.; Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Hollings Marine Lab, MUSC Marine Biomed & Environm Sci, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Moeller, Peter] NOAA, Toxin Nat Prod Chem Program, Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Chapman, Robert W.] Marine Resources Res Inst, South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Chapman, Robert W.] Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Chapman, RW (reprint author), Marine Resources Res Inst, South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM chapmanr@dnr.sc.gov FU Center of Excellence in Oceans and Human Health; CoEE Center for Marine Genomics at the Hollings Marine Laboratory FX This work was supported in part by the Center of Excellence in Oceans and Human Health and CoEE Center for Marine Genomics at the Hollings Marine Laboratory. The manuscript is contribution number (704) to the Marine Resources Division of the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. This publication does not constitute an endorsement of any commercial product or intend to be an opinion beyond scientific or other results obtained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). No reference shall be made to NOAA, or this publication furnished by NOAA, to any advertising or sales promotion that would indicate or imply that NOAA recommends or endorses any proprietary product mentioned herein, or that has as its purpose an interest to cause the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this publication. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 19 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2728 EP 2736 DI 10.1021/es3033549 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 112LP UT WOS:000316594000038 PM 23402624 ER PT J AU Laetz, CA Baldwin, DH Hebert, V Stark, JD Scholz, NL AF Laetz, Cathy A. Baldwin, David H. Hebert, Vincent Stark, John D. Scholz, Nathaniel L. TI Interactive Neurobehavioral Toxicity of Diazinon, Malathion, and Ethoprop to Juvenile Coho Salmon SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; BEHAVIORAL IMPAIRMENT; PESTICIDE MIXTURES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; CHLORPYRIFOS; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; EXPOSURE; CARBARYL; POTENTIATION AB In western North America, mixtures of current use pesticides have been widely detected in streams and other aquatic habitats for threatened and endangered Pacific salmon and steelhead (Oncorhynchus sp.). These include organophosphate insecticides that inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity in the salmon nervous system, thereby disrupting swimming and feeding behaviors. Several organophosphates have been shown to interact as mixtures to produce synergistic AChE inhibition at concentrations near or above the upper range of surface water detections in freshwater systems. To evaluate potential synergism at lower concentrations (near or below 1 part per billion), juvenile coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were exposed to a range of mixtures of diazinon-malathion and ethoprop-malathion below a cumulative 0.05 of the predicted EC50 for AChE inhibition, as determined from single chemical concentration response curves. Brain enzyme inhibition was concentration-dependent, with a 90% reduction and a significant decrease in spontaneous swimming speed at the highest binary mixture concentrations evaluated (diazinon-malathion at 2.6 and 1.1 mu g/L, respectively; ethoprop-malathion at 2.8 and 1.2 mu g/L, respectively). Brain enzyme activity gradually recovered over six weeks. Our findings extend earlier observations of organophosphate synergism in salmon and reveal an unusually steep concentration response relationship across a mere 2-fold increase in mixture concentration. C1 [Laetz, Cathy A.; Baldwin, David H.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hebert, Vincent] Washington State Univ TriCities, Food & Environm Qual Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Stark, John D.] Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ecotoxicol Program, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. RP Laetz, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM laetz@noaa.gov RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU NOAA's Office of Protected Resources; NOAA Coastal Storms Program FX We thank Taryn Haffner, Phyllis Ying, Tiffany Linbo, Child Jack, Elizabeth Culbert, and Jane LePage for their valuable assistance. Sunny Snider, Scott Hecht, and Tony Hawkes provided helpful comments on the draft manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA's Office of Protected Resources and the NOAA Coastal Storms Program. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 19 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2925 EP 2931 DI 10.1021/es305058y PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 112LP UT WOS:000316594000063 PM 23409965 ER PT J AU Hartmann, JM Sironneau, V Boulet, C Svensson, T Hodges, JT Xu, CT AF Hartmann, J. -M. Sironneau, V. Boulet, C. Svensson, T. Hodges, J. T. Xu, C. T. TI Collisional broadening and spectral shapes of absorption lines of free and nanopore-confined O-2 gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN A-BAND; CONSTRAINED MULTISPECTRUM ANALYSIS; MERCURY POROSIMETRY; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SPEED DEPENDENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; PARAMETERS; WATER; PORE; CO2 AB This paper presents fully ab initio calculations of the broadenings and spectral shapes of O-2 infrared absorption lines in a free gas and when confined in nanoporous media. These calculations are performed, without use of any adjusted parameter, using a recently proposed approach [Phys. Rev. A 87, 013403 (2013)] that is based on requantized classical molecular-dynamics simulations. This involves studying the time evolutions of the translational and rotational motions of large numbers of molecules taking molecule-molecule and molecule-surface collisions into account through realistic interaction potentials. These simulations enable predictions of dipole autocorrelation functions whose Fourier-Laplace transforms yield the associated spectra. Comparisons are then made with broadening coefficients and line shapes provided by new and previous experiments. The good agreement between calculated and measured results confirms the veracity of the proposed model for a free gas and shows that the effects of confinement, which induce significant modifications to the line shapes, are correctly predicted. The need for improved characterization of the shape and size of pores in random nanoporous media is highlighted. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.032510 C1 [Hartmann, J. -M.] Univ Paris Est Creteil, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, CNRS, UMR 7583, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Hartmann, J. -M.] Univ Paris Est Creteil, Inst PS Laplace, Univ Paris Diderot, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Sironneau, V.; Hodges, J. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Boulet, C.] CNRS, UMR 8214, Inst Sci Mol Orsay, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Boulet, C.] Univ Paris 11, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Svensson, T.] European Lab Nonlinear Spect LENS, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Xu, C. T.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. RP Hartmann, JM (reprint author), Univ Paris Est Creteil, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, CNRS, UMR 7583, F-94010 Creteil, France. EM jean-michel.hartmann@lisa.u-pec.fr FU NIST Greenhouse Gas; Climate Science measurements Program; Swedish Research Council FX J.-M.H. thanks the Institut du Developpement et des Ressources en Informatique Scientifique (IDRIS) for giving access to the IBM Blue Gene/P parallel computer. J.T.H. and V.S. were supported by the NIST Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science measurements Program. T.S. acknowledges funding from the Swedish Research Council. NR 64 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 19 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 3 AR 032510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.032510 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 108TO UT WOS:000316319300006 ER PT J AU Ruiz-Cooley, RI Ballance, LT McCarthy, MD AF Ruiz-Cooley, Rocio I. Ballance, Lisa T. McCarthy, Matthew D. TI Range Expansion of the Jumbo Squid in the NE Pacific: delta N-15 Decrypts Multiple Origins, Migration and Habitat Use SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; DOSIDICUS-GIGAS CEPHALOPODA; NORTH PACIFIC; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; SUBTROPICAL GYRE; AMINO-ACIDS; OMMASTREPHIDAE; VARIABILITY; DELTA-C-13 AB Coincident with climate shifts and anthropogenic perturbations, the highly voracious jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas reached unprecedented northern latitudes along the NE Pacific margin post 1997-98. The physical or biological drivers of this expansion, as well as its ecological consequences remain unknown. Here, novel analysis from both bulk tissues and individual amino acids (Phenylalanine; Phe and Glutamic acid; Glu) in both gladii and muscle of D. gigas captured in the Northern California Current System (NCCS) documents for the first time multiple geographic origins and migration. Phe delta N-15 values, a proxy for habitat baseline delta N-15 values, confirm at least three different geographic origins that were initially detected by highly variable bulk delta N-15 values in gladii for squid at small sizes (< 30 cm gladii length). In contrast, bulk delta N-15 values from gladii of large squid (> 60 cm) converged, indicating feeding in a common ecosystem. The strong latitudinal gradient in Phe delta N-15 values from composite muscle samples further confirmed residency at a point in time for large squid in the NCCS. These results contrast with previous ideas, and indicate that small squid are highly migratory, move into the NCCS from two or more distinct geographic origins, and use this ecosystem mainly for feeding. These results represent the first direct information on the origins, immigration and habitat use of this key "invasive'' predator in the NCCS, with wide implications for understanding both the mechanisms of periodic D. gigas population range expansions, and effects on ecosystem trophic structure. C1 [Ruiz-Cooley, Rocio I.] NOAA, Natl Res Council, La Jolla, CA USA. [Ruiz-Cooley, Rocio I.; Ballance, Lisa T.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. [Ruiz-Cooley, Rocio I.; McCarthy, Matthew D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Ruiz-Cooley, RI (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM rcooley@ucsc.edu NR 46 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 21 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 18 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 AR e59651 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0059651 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 109ZS UT WOS:000316411600072 PM 23527242 ER PT J AU Reiswig, HM Stone, RP AF Reiswig, Henry M. Stone, Robert P. TI New glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) from deep waters of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE new genus; new species; deep-sea sponges; Farreidae; Euretidae; Tretodictyidae; Euplectellidae; Rossellidae ID SP-NOV PORIFERA; PACIFIC-OCEAN; TRETODICTYIDAE; HEXACTINOSIDA; DEMOSPONGIAE; USA AB Hexactinellida from deep-water communities of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska, are described. They were mostly collected by the remotely operated vehicle 'Jason II' from 494-2311 m depths during a 2004 RV 'Roger Revelle' expedition, but one shallow-water species collected with a shrimp trawl from 155 m in the same area is included. The excellent condition of the ROV-collected specimens enabled valuable redescription of some species previously known only from badly damaged specimens. New taxa include one new genus and eight new species in five families. Farreidae consist of two new species, Farrea aleutiana and F. aspondyla. Euretidae consists of only Pinulasma fistulosum n. gen., n. sp. Tretodictyidae include only Tretodictyum amchitkensis n. sp. Euplectellidae consists of only the widespread species Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, reported here over 3,700 km from its closest previously known occurrence. The most diverse family, Rossellidae, consists of Aulosaccus ijimai (Schulze), Aulosaccus schulzei Ijima, Bathydorus sp. (young stage not determinable to species), Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis n. sp., Acanthascus koltuni n. sp., Staurocalyptus psilosus n. sp., Staurocalyptus tylotus n. sp. and Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze. We present argument for reinstatement of the abolished rossellid subfamily Acanthascinae and return of the subgenera Staurocalyptus Ijima and Rhabdocalyptus Schulze to their previous generic status. These fauna provides important complexity to the hard substrate communities that likely serve as nursery areas for the young stages of commercially important fish and crab species, refuge from predation for both young and adult stages, and also as a focal source of prey for juvenile and adult stages of those same species. C1 [Reiswig, Henry M.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. [Reiswig, Henry M.] Royal British Columbia Museum, Nat Hist Sect, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. [Stone, Robert P.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Reiswig, HM (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. EM hmreiswig@shaw.ca; bob.stone@noaa.gov FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Council, Canada; NOAA's Undersea Research Program; National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX We thank the crews of the R/V 'Roger Revelle' and R/V 'Velero IV' and pilots of the ROV 'Jason II' whose skills and patience provided for collection of these interesting animals. Brent Gowen and Elaine Humphrey provided assistance in use of SEM instruments at the University of Victoria Biology Department and Advanced Microscopy Facility. Three reviewers are thanked for their valuable comments and suggestions, even though some were not followed. A Discovery Grant from Natural Sciences and Engineering Council, Canada, NOAA's Undersea Research Program and the National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, funded this project. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 28 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAR 18 PY 2013 VL 3628 IS 1 BP 1 EP + PG 63 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 106VN UT WOS:000316172900001 PM 25325089 ER PT J AU Lenaerts, JTM van Angelen, JH van den Broeke, MR Gardner, AS Wouters, B van Meijgaard, E AF Lenaerts, Jan T. M. van Angelen, Jan H. van den Broeke, Michiel R. Gardner, Alex S. Wouters, Bert van Meijgaard, Erik TI Irreversible mass loss of Canadian Arctic Archipelago glaciers SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Canadian Arctic Archipelago; regional atmospheric climate modelling; sea level rise ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; ICE CAPS; REANALYSIS; BALANCE AB The Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) contains the largest volume of glacier ice on Earth outside of Antarctica and Greenland. In the absence of significant calving, CAA glacier mass balance is governed by the difference between surface snow accumulation and meltwater runoffsurface mass balance. Here we use a coupled atmosphere/snow model to simulate present-day and 21st century CAA glacier surface mass balance. Through comparison with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment mass anomalies and in situ observations, we show that the model is capable of representing present-day CAA glacier mass loss, as well as the dynamics of the seasonal snow cover on the CAA tundra. Next, we force this model until 2100 with a moderate climate warming scenario (AR5 RCP4.5). We show that enhanced meltwater runoff from CAA glaciers is not sufficiently compensated by increased snowfall. Extrapolation of these results toward an AR5 multimodel ensemble results in sustained 21st century CAA glacier mass loss in the vast majority (>99%) of the similar to 7000 temperature realizations. C1 [Lenaerts, Jan T. M.; van Angelen, Jan H.; van den Broeke, Michiel R.] Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Gardner, Alex S.] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Wouters, Bert] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [van Meijgaard, Erik] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. RP Lenaerts, JTM (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, 5 Princetonpl, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands. EM jtmlenaerts@gmail.com RI Van den Broeke, Michiel/F-7867-2011; Lenaerts, Jan/D-9423-2012; OI Van den Broeke, Michiel/0000-0003-4662-7565; Lenaerts, Jan/0000-0003-4309-4011; Wouters, Bert/0000-0002-1086-2435; Gardner, Alex/0000-0002-8394-8889 FU European Union [226375] FX We thank Geert Jan van Oldenborgh (Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute) for making available the CMIP5 model data. This work was supported by funding from the ice2sea program from the European Union 7th Framework Programme, grant 226375. Ice2sea contribution number 110. NR 19 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 5 BP 870 EP 874 DI 10.1002/grl.50214 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 134VG UT WOS:000318242900013 ER PT J AU Tanhua, T Waugh, DW Bullister, JL AF Tanhua, Toste Waugh, Darryn W. Bullister, John L. TI Estimating changes in ocean ventilation from early 1990s CFC-12 and late 2000s SF6 measurements SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE transient tracers; ocean ventilation; repeat hydrography ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; TRANSIENT TRACER; DECADAL CHANGES; PACIFIC-OCEAN; WATER; AGES; DISTRIBUTIONS; SEAWATER; CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-11 AB Transient tracer measurements can constrain the rates and pathways of ocean ventilation and act as proxies for biogeochemically relevant gases such as CO2 and oxygen. Various techniques have deduced changes in ocean ventilation over decadal timescales using transient tracer measurements made on repeat sections, but these require a priori assumptions about mixing in the ocean interior. Here, we introduce a simple, direct observational method that takes advantage of the similar atmospheric increase rates of chlorofluorocarbon-12 and sulfur hexafluoride, but with a time lag (offset) of 1415 years. Such repeat measurements can be directly compared without prior assumptions about mixing. A difference larger than similar to 2 years between modern sulfur hexafluoride and historical chlorofluorocarbon-12 tracer ages implies a change in ventilation, although lack of difference does not necessarily imply no change. Several tracer data sets are presented, which suggest changes in ventilation in the South Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans. C1 [Tanhua, Toste] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Waugh, Darryn W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Bullister, John L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Tanhua, T (reprint author), GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. EM ttanhua@geomar.de RI Waugh, Darryn/K-3688-2016 OI Waugh, Darryn/0000-0001-7692-2798 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 5 BP 927 EP 932 DI 10.1002/grl.50251 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 134VG UT WOS:000318242900023 ER PT J AU Waxman, EM Dzepina, K Ervens, B Lee-Taylor, J Aumont, B Jimenez, JL Madronich, S Volkamer, R AF Waxman, Eleanor M. Dzepina, Katja Ervens, Barbara Lee-Taylor, Julia Aumont, Bernard Jimenez, Jose L. Madronich, Sasha Volkamer, Rainer TI Secondary organic aerosol formation from semi- and intermediate-volatility organic compounds and glyoxal: Relevance of O/C as a tracer for aqueous multiphase chemistry SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Glyoxal; Aqueous-phase processing; Organic aerosol; O; C ratio; Secondary Organic Aerosol; S; IVOC ID SOA FORMATION; MEXICO-CITY; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MCMA-2003 CAMPAIGN; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXPLICIT MODEL; OH OXIDATION; EVOLUTION; PHASE; PARTICLES AB The role of aqueous multiphase chemistry in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) remains difficult to quantify. We investigate it here by testing the rapid formation of moderate oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) SOA during a case study in Mexico City. A novel laboratory-based glyoxal-SOA mechanism is applied to the field data, and explains why less gas-phase glyoxal mass is observed than predicted. Furthermore, we compare an explicit gas-phase chemical mechanism for SOA formation from semi- and intermediate-volatility organic compounds (S/IVOCs) with empirical parameterizations of S/IVOC aging. The mechanism representing our current understanding of chemical kinetics of S/IVOC oxidation combined with traditional SOA sources and mixing of background SOA underestimates the observed O/C by a factor of two at noon. Inclusion of glyoxal-SOA with O/C of 1.5 brings O/C predictions within measurement uncertainty, suggesting that field observations can be reconciled on reasonable time scales using laboratory-based empirical relationships for aqueous chemistry. C1 [Waxman, Eleanor M.; Jimenez, Jose L.; Volkamer, Rainer] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Waxman, Eleanor M.; Ervens, Barbara; Jimenez, Jose L.; Volkamer, Rainer] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dzepina, Katja] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Chem, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Ervens, Barbara] NOAA ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lee-Taylor, Julia; Madronich, Sasha] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Aumont, Bernard] Univ Paris Est Creteil, UMR CNRS INSU 7583, LISA, Creteil, France. [Aumont, Bernard] Univ Paris Diderot, Creteil, France. RP Volkamer, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, 215 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rainer.volkamer@colorado.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Waxman, Eleanor/K-4527-2013; Madronich, Sasha/D-3284-2015; Dzepina, Katja/A-1372-2014; Lee-Taylor, Julia/B-7409-2008; Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Ervens, Barbara/D-5495-2013 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Waxman, Eleanor/0000-0001-5045-8149; Madronich, Sasha/0000-0003-0983-1313; Lee-Taylor, Julia/0000-0003-0989-1113; Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Ervens, Barbara/0000-0002-6223-1635 FU NSF; US National Science Foundation [ATM-0847793]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-SC0006080, DE-FG02-ER65323]; NOAA's Climate Goal; National Science Foundation; French Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy FX E.M.W. is the recipient of an NSF graduate fellowship. R.V. acknowledges financial support from US National Science Foundation CAREER award (ATM-0847793), and US Department of Energy, Office of Science award DE-SC0006080. B.E. acknowledges support from NOAA's Climate Goal. J.L.T. and S.M. were supported in part by grant DE-FG02-ER65323 from the US Department of Energy Office of Science. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. B.A. acknowledges support from the primequal program of the French Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy. We thank P. Ziemann for insightful discussions. NR 36 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 7 U2 97 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 5 BP 978 EP 982 DI 10.1002/grl.50203 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 134VG UT WOS:000318242900033 ER PT J AU Neely, RR Toon, OB Solomon, S Vernier, JP Alvarez, C English, JM Rosenlof, KH Mills, MJ Bardeen, CG Daniel, JS Thayer, JP AF Neely, R. R., III Toon, O. B. Solomon, S. Vernier, J. -P. Alvarez, C. English, J. M. Rosenlof, K. H. Mills, M. J. Bardeen, C. G. Daniel, J. S. Thayer, J. P. TI Recent anthropogenic increases in SO2 from Asia have minimal impact on stratospheric aerosol SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Stratosphere; Asian Monsoon; Volcanoes; WACCM ID EVOLUTION; MODEL; LAYER; ANALOGS AB Observations suggest that the optical depth of the stratospheric aerosol layer between 20 and 30km has increased 410% per year since 2000, which is significant for Earth's climate. Contributions to this increase both from moderate volcanic eruptions and from enhanced coal burning in Asia have been suggested. Current observations are insufficient to attribute the contribution of the different sources. Here we use a global climate model coupled to an aerosol microphysical model to partition the contribution of each. We employ model runs that include the increases in anthropogenic sulfur dioxide (SO2) over Asia and the moderate volcanic explosive injections of SO2 observed from 2000 to 2010. Comparison of the model results to observations reveals that moderate volcanic eruptions, rather than anthropogenic influences, are the primary source of the observed increases in stratospheric aerosol. C1 [Neely, R. R., III; Toon, O. B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Neely, R. R., III; Alvarez, C.; Rosenlof, K. H.; Daniel, J. S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Neely, R. R., III; Alvarez, C.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Toon, O. B.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Solomon, S.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Vernier, J. -P.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Vernier, J. -P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [English, J. M.; Mills, M. J.; Bardeen, C. G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Thayer, J. P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Neely, RR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Ryan.Neely@colorado.edu RI Neely, Ryan/F-8702-2010; Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Mills, Michael/B-5068-2010; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; English, Jason/E-9365-2015; THAYER, JEFFREY P./B-7264-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Neely, Ryan/0000-0003-4560-4812; Mills, Michael/0000-0002-8054-1346; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; English, Jason/0000-0001-9700-6860; THAYER, JEFFREY P./0000-0001-7127-8251; FU NOAA/ESRL-CIRES Graduate Fellowship program; NASA [NNX09AK71G]; NSF [AGS-1135446, ATM-0856007]; National Science Foundation [CNS-0821794]; University of Colorado Boulder FX The modeling was completed and analyzed by R. R. Neely during his PhD funded through the NOAA/ESRL-CIRES Graduate Fellowship program. The work represented by this paper was also supported by NASA Award NNX09AK71G and NSF grant ATM-0856007. J. P. Thayer was supported by NSF grant AGS-1135446. The modeling was completed and analyzed by R. R. Neely during his PhD and funded through the NOAA/ESRL-CIRES Graduate Fellowship program. The work represented by this paper was also supported by NASA Award NNX09AK71G and NSF grant ATM-0856007. J. P. Thayer was supported by NSF grant AGS-1135446. This work utilized the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (award number CNS-0821794) and the University of Colorado Boulder. The Janus supercomputer is a joint effort of the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). The NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The authors acknowledge the vision and direction of the late D. Hofmann, which directly led to the experiment and result discussed in this work. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the helpful discussions from J. E. Barnes, D. M. Murphy, R. Michael Hardesty, and Cora Randall. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The authors acknowledge the vision and direction of the late D. Hofmann, which directly led to the experiment and result discussed in this work. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the helpful discussions from J. E. Barnes, D. M. Murphy, R. Michael Hardesty and Cora Randall. NR 29 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 54 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 5 BP 999 EP 1004 DI 10.1002/grl.50263 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 134VG UT WOS:000318242900037 ER PT J AU Donat, MG Alexander, LV Yang, H Durre, I Vose, R Dunn, RJH Willett, KM Aguilar, E Brunet, M Caesar, J Hewitson, B Jack, C Tank, AMGK Kruger, AC Marengo, J Peterson, TC Renom, M Rojas, CO Rusticucci, M Salinger, J Elrayah, AS Sekele, SS Srivastava, AK Trewin, B Villarroel, C Vincent, LA Zhai, P Zhang, X Kitching, S AF Donat, M. G. Alexander, L. V. Yang, H. Durre, I. Vose, R. Dunn, R. J. H. Willett, K. M. Aguilar, E. Brunet, M. Caesar, J. Hewitson, B. Jack, C. Tank, A. M. G. Klein Kruger, A. C. Marengo, J. Peterson, T. C. Renom, M. Oria Rojas, C. Rusticucci, M. Salinger, J. Elrayah, A. S. Sekele, S. S. Srivastava, A. K. Trewin, B. Villarroel, C. Vincent, L. A. Zhai, P. Zhang, X. Kitching, S. TI Updated analyses of temperature and precipitation extreme indices since the beginning of the twentieth century: The HadEX2 dataset SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DAILY CLIMATE EXTREMES; MONITORING CHANGES; UNITED-STATES; TRENDS; RAINFALL; VARIABILITY; PROJECTIONS; PACIFIC; CHINA AB In this study, we present the collation and analysis of the gridded land-based dataset of indices of temperature and precipitation extremes: HadEX2. Indices were calculated based on station data using a consistent approach recommended by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Expert Teamon Climate Change Detection and Indices, resulting in the production of 17 temperature and 12 precipitation indices derived from daily maximum and minimum temperature and precipitation observations. High-quality in situ observations from over 7000 temperature and 11,000 precipitation meteorological stations across the globe were obtained to calculate the indices over the period of record available for each station. Monthly and annual indices were then interpolated onto a 3.75 degrees x 2.5 degrees longitude-latitude grid over the period 1901-2010. Linear trends in the gridded fields were computed and tested for statistical significance. Overall there was very good agreement with the previous HadEX dataset during the overlapping data period. Results showed widespread significant changes in temperature extremes consistent with warming, especially for those indices derived from daily minimum temperature over the whole 110 years of record but with stronger trends in more recent decades. Seasonal results showed significant warming in all seasons but more so in the colder months. Precipitation indices also showed widespread and significant trends, but the changes were much more spatially heterogeneous compared with temperature changes. However, results indicated more areas with significant increasing trends in extreme precipitation amounts, intensity, and frequency than areas with decreasing trends. C1 [Donat, M. G.; Alexander, L. V.; Yang, H.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Alexander, L. V.; Kitching, S.] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Durre, I.; Vose, R.; Peterson, T. C.] NOAAs Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Dunn, R. J. H.; Willett, K. M.; Caesar, J.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Aguilar, E.; Brunet, M.] Univ Rovira & Virgili, Ctr Climate Change, Dep Geog, Tarragona, Spain. [Hewitson, B.; Jack, C.] Univ Cape Town, Climate Syst Anal Grp, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Tank, A. M. G. Klein] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Kruger, A. C.; Sekele, S. S.] South African Weather Serv, Climate Serv, Pretoria, South Africa. [Marengo, J.] Natl Inst Space Res INPE, Earth Syst Sci Ctr CCST, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Renom, M.] Univ Republica, Unidad Ciencias Atmosfera, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Oria Rojas, C.] SENAMHI, Lima, Peru. [Rusticucci, M.] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Ciencias Atmosfera & Oceanos, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Salinger, J.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Elrayah, A. S.] SMA, Khartoum, Sudan. [Srivastava, A. K.] Indian Meteorol Dept, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Trewin, B.] Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Villarroel, C.] Direcc Meteorol Chile, Oficina Estudios, Santiago, Chile. [Vincent, L. A.; Zhang, X.] Environm Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Zhai, P.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Kitching, S.] Newcastle Univ, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Brunet, M.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Donat, MG (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM m.donat@unsw.edu.au RI Hewitson, Bruce/B-3295-2014; Jack, Christopher/B-7926-2014; Aguilar, Enric/L-4971-2014; Caesar, John/D-1403-2015; Donat, Markus/J-8331-2012; Dunn, Robert/O-5910-2016; Alexander, Lisa/A-8477-2011 OI Manola, Brunet-India/0000-0002-9386-710X; Hewitson, Bruce/0000-0001-7546-4430; Jack, Christopher/0000-0002-0936-7277; Caesar, John/0000-0003-1094-9618; Donat, Markus/0000-0002-0608-7288; Dunn, Robert/0000-0003-2469-5989; Alexander, Lisa/0000-0002-5635-2457 FU Australian Research Council [CE110001028, LP100200690]; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; European Community [212492]; FAPESP [2008/581611]; CONICET [PIP-0227] FX Donat, Alexander, and Yang are supported by Australian Research Council grants CE110001028 and LP100200690. Dunn, Willett, and Caesar were supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). Marengo, Renom, and Rusticucci are supported by European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) Grant Agreement No 212492: CLARIS LPB-A Europe-South America Network for Climate Change Assessment and Impact Studies in La Plata Basin, Marengo also from the FAPESP Assessment of Impacts and Vulnerability to Climate Change in Brazil and strategies for Adaptation options project (Ref. 2008/581611) and Rusticucci also from CONICET PIP-0227. We acknowledge the Sudan Meteorological Authority (SMA) and National Meteorological and Hydrological Services from countries around the world for providing observational data. We also thank the three anonymous reviewers who helped to improve this manuscript. NR 59 TC 191 Z9 195 U1 7 U2 113 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 5 BP 2098 EP 2118 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50150 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129LY UT WOS:000317842800002 ER PT J AU Demoranville, LT Verkouteren, JR AF Demoranville, Leonard T. Verkouteren, Jennifer R. TI Measurement of drug facilitated sexual assault agents in simulated sweat by ion mobility spectrometry SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE Forensic chemistry; Ion mobility spectrometry; Sexual assault; Sweat analysis; Trace detection ID DISPOSITION; HAIR; MDMA; METHAMPHETAMINE; IMS AB Ion mobility spectrometry has found widespread use for the detection of explosives and illicit drugs. The technique offers rapid results with high sensitivity and little sample preparation. As such, it is well suited for field deployed screening settings. Here the response of ion mobility spectrometers for three drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) agents - flunitrazepam, ketamine, and MDMA - and related metabolites has been studied in the presence of a simulated sweat. While all three DFSA agents present certain challenges for qualitative identification, IMS can provide useful information to guide the early treatment and investigation of sexual assault cases. Used as a presumptive test, the identification of DFSA agents would later require confirmatory analysis by other techniques. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Demoranville, Leonard T.; Verkouteren, Jennifer R.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Demoranville, Leonard T.] Ctr Coll Danville, Chem Program, Danville, KY 40422 USA. RP Demoranville, LT (reprint author), Ctr Coll Danville, 600 W Walnut St, Danville, KY 40422 USA. EM leonard.demoranville@centre.edu FU National Research Council FX L.T. Demoranville recognizes the National Research Council for funding his postdoctoral fellowship. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 106 BP 375 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.01.011 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 146JY UT WOS:000319088600054 PM 23598140 ER PT J AU Lane, BM Dow, TA Scattergood, R AF Lane, B. M. Dow, T. A. Scattergood, R. TI Thermo-chemical wear model and worn tool shapes for single-crystal diamond tools cutting steel SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE Diamond tool; Electron microscopy; Diffusion; FEM ID TEMPERATURE RISE DISTRIBUTION; FRICTIONAL HEAT-SOURCE; CHIP INTERFACE; EDGE RADIUS; METALS; PREDICTION; SIMULATION; DIFFUSION; SPEED AB An Arrhenius-type thermochemical wear model proposed by past researchers is evaluated for predicting diamond tool wear when machining low carbon steel. Tool temperature values are determined using finite element modeling. These temperatures are related to tool wear measured after diamond turning tests on a low carbon steel workpiece to determine constants in the Arrhenius-type model. Measured tool wear shows a transition in worn tool shape from low speed (1 mm/s) to high speed (4 m/s) machining tests. Model results show a minimum value of wear per cutting distance occurs at a cutting speed of 2.5 m/s. The model also gives an activation energy between 25.0 kJ/mol and 29.3 kJ/mol. In addition, this model is used to explain experimental results obtained by others researching chemical wear of diamond. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lane, B. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dow, T. A.; Scattergood, R.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Lane, BM (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8220, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brandon.lane@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0800560] FX The experimental research reported in this paper was conducted at North Carolina State University while the primary author was affiliated with the university. Primary funding for this work was by National Science Foundation Grant CMMI-0800560 monitored by G. Hazelrigg. Third Wave systems provided academic licensing and technical support for AdvantEdge software. Chardon Tools supplied the diamond tools and tool sharpening used in the machining experiments. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 300 IS 1-2 BP 216 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2013.02.012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 136TQ UT WOS:000318386700025 ER PT J AU Berg, A de Noblet-Ducoudre, N Sultan, B Lengaigne, M Guimberteau, M AF Berg, A. de Noblet-Ducoudre, N. Sultan, B. Lengaigne, M. Guimberteau, M. TI Projections of climate change impacts on potential C4 crop productivity over tropical regions SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Agriculture; Impacts; Tropics; C4 crops; Africa ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; WEST-AFRICAN MONSOON; FERTILIZER USE; ELEVATED CO2; FOOD; YIELD; AGRICULTURE; FUTURE; MODEL; CLASSIFICATION AB Climate change impacts on agriculture could arguably be most critical for developing countries in tropical regions: their populations rely importantly on agriculture and climate-dependant resources, poverty limits their capacity to anticipate and adapt to climate change, and population increase already poses a serious challenge to food security in those regions. Current projections of climate change impacts on tropical crop yields, even though on average negative, remain largely uncertain: there is need for more consistent, large-scale, quantitative assessments. In this study we use a newly developed agro-DGVM (Dynamical Global Vegetation Model including an explicit representation of croplands) driven by projections from several climate models and two SRES scenarios to evaluate climate change impacts on potential C4 crop productivity over Africa and India from 1960 to 2100. We specifically separate the effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 levels. We perform transient simulations directly forced by climate model outputs: to preserve consistency in the analysis despite regional biases in climate models, we analyze yield change on a bioclimatic basis (using the Koppen classification) rather than on a geographical basis. We find that the potential productivity of one of the most important staple crops in those regions, millet, will overall decrease, on average over all models and scenarios, by -6% (individual model projections ranging from -29% to +11%). The bioclimatic analysis allows us to highlight the main climate drivers of these changes. The main impact is a moderate but robust temperature-driven yield decrease over Equatorial and Temperate Koppen zones; larger but much more inconsistent yield changes occur in Arid Koppen zones, reflecting the uncertainty in precipitation projections from climate models. The uncertainty in aggregated impacts reflects the uncertainty over these areas, underlining the need to narrow the uncertainty in precipitation projections over dry areas if more reliable agricultural impact assessments over tropical regions are to be provided. Our results are also consistent with the limited magnitude of the impact of increased atmospheric CO2 levels on C4 crop yields described in the literature. While such climatic impacts further increase the challenge of achieving future food security in developing countries in the Tropics, most of these impacts can arguably be mitigated through adaptation measures and improved agricultural practices. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Berg, A.; Sultan, B.; Lengaigne, M.; Guimberteau, M.] LOCEAN IPSL, Paris, France. [Berg, A.; de Noblet-Ducoudre, N.] LSCE IPSL, Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Berg, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, GFDL, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM alexis.berg@noaa.gov RI Lengaigne, Matthieu/M-8321-2014; de NOBLET, Nathalie/O-8613-2015; Sultan, Benjamin/C-8957-2012; Lengaigne, Matthieu/K-4345-2013 OI Lengaigne, Matthieu/0000-0002-0044-036X; Guimberteau, Matthieu/0000-0001-8582-6087; FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy; Ile-de-France Region FX We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy.; The work of Alexis Berg was funded by the Ile-de-France Region PhD funding program. NR 52 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 6 U2 102 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 170 SI SI BP 89 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.12.003 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098JX UT WOS:000315546700010 ER PT J AU Ruane, AC Cecil, LD Horton, RM Gordon, R McCollum, R Brown, D Killough, B Goldberg, R Greeley, AP Rosenzweig, C AF Ruane, Alex C. Cecil, L. DeWayne Horton, Radley M. Gordon, Roman McCollum, Raymond Brown, Douglas Killough, Brian Goldberg, Richard Greeley, Adam P. Rosenzweig, Cynthia TI Climate change impact uncertainties for maize in Panama: Farm information, climate projections, and yield sensitivities SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Crop modeling; Uncertainty; Adaptation; Panama; Maize; GCM ensembles ID ELEVATED CO2; CROP YIELD; MODEL; FOOD; STIMULATION; RISK AB We present results from a pilot project to characterize and bound multi-disciplinary uncertainties around the assessment of maize (Zea mays) production impacts using the CERES-Maize crop model in a climate-sensitive region with a variety of farming systems (Panama). Segunda coa (autumn) maize yield in Panama currently suffers occasionally from high water stress at the end of the growing season, however under future climate conditions warmer temperatures accelerate crop maturation and elevated CO2 concentrations improve water retention. This combination reduces end-of-season water stresses and eventually leads to small mean yield gains according to median projections, although accelerated maturation reduces yields in seasons with low water stresses. Calibrations of cultivar traits, soil profile, and fertilizer amounts are most important for representing baseline yields, however sensitivity to all management factors are reduced in an assessment of future yield changes (most dramatically for fertilizers), suggesting that yield changes may be more generalizable than absolute yields. Uncertainty around GCMs' projected changes in rainfall gain in importance throughout the century, with yield changes strongly correlated with growing season rainfall totals. Climate changes are expected to be obscured by the large interannual variations in Panamanian climate that will continue to be the dominant influence on seasonal maize yield into the coming decades. The relatively high (A2) and low (B1) emissions scenarios show little difference in their impact on future maize yields until the end of the century. Uncertainties related to the sensitivity of CERES-Maize to carbon dioxide concentrations have a substantial influence on projected changes, and remain a significant obstacle to climate change impacts assessment. Finally, an investigation into the potential of simple statistical yield emulators based upon key climate variables characterizes the important uncertainties behind the selection of climate change metrics and their performance against more complex process-based crop model simulations, revealing a danger in relying only on long-term mean quantities for crop impact assessment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ruane, Alex C.; Horton, Radley M.; Rosenzweig, Cynthia] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Ruane, Alex C.; Horton, Radley M.; Goldberg, Richard; Greeley, Adam P.; Rosenzweig, Cynthia] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Cecil, L. DeWayne] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Gordon, Roman] Inst Invest Agr Panama, Los Santos, Panama. [McCollum, Raymond; Brown, Douglas] Booze Allen Hamilton, Norfolk, VA USA. [Killough, Brian] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Langley, VA USA. RP Ruane, AC (reprint author), 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM alexander.c.ruane@nasa.gov FU NASA [NNX10AO10G] FX The views expressed in this article are those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent those of the authors' institutions. This project was initiated by L. DeWayne Cecil when he was serving in the capacity of Senior Science Advisor to the NASA Langley Systems Engineering Office for the international Committee on Earth Observing Satellites (CEOS). Development of this study was also partially supported by NASA NNX10AO10G. We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. We are grateful to Berta Olmedo and ETESA for providing Los Santos weather data, Ismael Camargo for helping to track down maize field trial data, and those who took weather and field observations. We also acknowledge the editor and two reviewers for helping to spur a more robust study made possible through the collection of additional data and model updates. NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 170 SI SI BP 132 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.10.015 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098JX UT WOS:000315546700013 ER PT J AU Ledreux, A Ramsdell, JS AF Ledreux, Aurelie Ramsdell, John S. TI Bioavailability and intravenous toxicokinetic parameters for Pacific ciguatoxin P-CTX-1 in rats SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE Ciguatera; Ciguatoxin; Food poisoning; Harmful algal bloom; Toxicokinetics; Marine biotoxins; Algal toxin; Phycotoxin ID GAMBIERDISCUS-TOXICUS; CIGUATERA; FISH; DINOFLAGELLATE; BREVETOXINS; JAVANICUS; RESPONSES; CHANNELS; BLOOD; MICE AB Ciguatoxins are sodium channel activator toxins responsible for ciguatera fish poisoning. In this study, we determined the toxicokinetic parameters of the Pacific ciguatoxin P-CTX-1 in rats after an intravenous (iv) dose of 0.13 ng P-CTX-1 per g of body weight. The ciguatoxin activity was assessed over time in blood using the sensitive functional Neuro2a assay. The data were analyzed with a two-compartmental model. After exposure, the ciguatoxin activity exhibited a rapid (alpha half-life of 6 min) and extensive distribution into tissues (apparent steady state volume of distribution of 7.8 L). Ciguatoxin elimination from blood was slower with a beta half-life estimated at 35.5 h. The toxicokinetic parameters determined from this study were compared to data previously obtained after oral and intraperitoneal exposure of rats to 0.26 ng P-CTX-1 per g of body weight. Maximal bioavailability was determined by the area under the concentration curve, and was used to calculate the absolute P-CTX-1 bioavailabilities for oral and intraperitoneal routes of exposures of 39% and 75%, respectively. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ledreux, Aurelie; Ramsdell, John S.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov FU National Research Council Associate ship Award at Marine Biotoxins Program, NOAA/NOS/CCEHBR FX This work was performed while the author held a National Research Council Associate ship Award at Marine Biotoxins Program, NOAA/NOS/CCEHBR. The authors thank Noah Muha, Tod Leighfield and Jessica Tiedeken for providing expert assistance with the animal exposure aspect of this study. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 64 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.12.026 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 100MX UT WOS:000315706400011 PM 23319077 ER PT J AU Li, XF Li, CY Yang, ZZ Pichel, W AF Li, Xiaofeng Li, Chunyan Yang, Zizang Pichel, William TI SAR imaging of ocean surface oil seep trajectories induced by near inertial oscillation SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE SAR; Oil slick; Ocean inertial oscillation ID SPILLS AB In the Gulf of Mexico, repeated satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations show circular trajectories of oil slicks with a radius of several km. Some circles overlay onto each other; while in other cases the circles are modified by the ambient current to form a train of spirals. We show that these SAR-observed features originate from oil seeps of the ocean bottom and the circles are induced by near inertial oscillation (NI). From the SAR images, we have estimated the ambient current velocity from a train of spiral-like circles and verified the NIO by calculating its oscillation period. In this study, we also analyze time series of wind and velocity profiles obtained from a moored buoy and acoustic Doppler current profilers mounted on oil platforms in the area covered by the SAR images. The ocean current analysis confirms that during the SAR imaging times, there were NIOs. Buoy measurements also show that moderate wind of 7 ms(-1) existed 24 h prior to a SAR observation, and it diminished to 2 ms(-1) in 6 h and remained very low for the next 18 h, a condition ideal for producing NIOs. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA NESDIS, GST, College Pk, MD USA. [Li, Chunyan] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Yang, Zizang] NOAA NOS, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Pichel, William] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD USA. [Li, Chunyan] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Int Ctr Marine Studies, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, NCWCP E RA3, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Xiaofeng.Li@noaa.gov RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008; chen, zhu/K-5923-2013; Pichel, William/F-5619-2010 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119; Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149 FU British Petroleum (BP) Gulf Research Initiative; Oriental Scholar Program FX Helpful discussions with Paris Vachon are greatly appreciated. RADARSAT-1 SAR images were provided by the Canadian Space Agency. Buoy and ADCP data are downloaded from NOAA/NDBC website http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov. C. Li was partially supported by the British Petroleum (BP) Gulf Research Initiative for this study. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. This research is also supported by Oriental Scholar Program. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 64 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 130 BP 182 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.11.019 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 090VL UT WOS:000315008000015 ER PT J AU Chan, EP Young, AP Lee, JH Chung, JY Stafford, CM AF Chan, Edwin P. Young, Allison P. Lee, Jung-Hyun Chung, Jun Young Stafford, Christopher M. TI Swelling of ultrathin crosslinked polyamide water desalination membranes SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE crosslinking; desalination; gels; hydrogels; membranes; swelling; thermosets; thin films; water purification; X-ray ID POLYMER NETWORKS; COMPOSITE MEMBRANES; MOISTURE ABSORPTION; DIFFUSION; FILMS; LAYER; BEHAVIOR; MODEL; THIN AB We study the water swelling behavior of semiaromatic crosslinked polyamide (PA) ultrathin films to characterize the network properties of the polymer. Specifically, we use X-ray reflectivity to measure film thickness increase and polymer density decrease of the PA films due to swelling. With the aid of a modified FloryRehner theory used to describe the constrained swelling behavior of polymer networks, we are able to extract the Flory interaction parameter and the monomer units between crosslinks by performing the swelling experiments at different levels of hydration. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013 C1 [Chan, Edwin P.; Chung, Jun Young; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Young, Allison P.] Univ New Haven, Dept Forens Sci & Chem, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. [Lee, Jung-Hyun] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Mat Architecturing, Seoul 136791, South Korea. RP Chan, EP (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edwin.chan@nist.gov RI Lee, Jung-Hyun/H-1096-2011 FU NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship FX A. P. Young acknowledges the NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship for financial support. The authors thank Hae-Jeong Lee, Brandon W. Rowe, Wen-Li Wu, and Sara V. Orski for insightful discussions. Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 79 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2013 VL 51 IS 6 BP 385 EP 391 DI 10.1002/polb.23235 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 091LK UT WOS:000315050800001 ER PT J AU Irikura, KK AF Irikura, Karl K. TI Aminoxyl (Nitroxyl) Radicals in the Early Decomposition of the Nitramine RDX SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID INFRARED MULTIPHOTON DECOMPOSITION; ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CONDENSED-PHASE DECOMPOSITION; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; HIGH-PRESSURE; AB-INITIO; LASER PYROLYSIS; MELTING-POINT; NITRIC-OXIDE AB The explosive nitramine RDX (1,3,5-trinitrohexahydro-s-triazine) is thought to decompose largely by homolytic N-N bond cleavage, among other possible initiation reactions. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the resulting secondary aminyl (R2N center dot) radical can abstract an oxygen atom from NO2 or from a neighboring nitramine molecule, producing an aminoxyl (R2NO center dot) radical. Persistent aminoxyl radicals have been detected in electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments and are consistent with autocatalytic "red oils" reported in the experimental literature. When the O-atom donor is a nitramine, a nitrosamine is formed along with the aminoxyl radical. Reactions of aminoxyl radicals can lead readily to the "oxy-s-triazine" product (as the s-triazine N-oxide) observed mass-spectrometrically by Behrens and co-workers. In addition to forming aminoxyl radicals, the initial aminyl radical can catalyze loss of HONO from RDX. C1 NIST, Chem Informat Res Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Irikura, KK (reprint author), NIST, Chem Informat Res Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karl.irikura@nist.gov RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 76 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 14 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 10 BP 2233 EP 2241 DI 10.1021/jp310247z PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 108PM UT WOS:000316307900020 PM 23373538 ER PT J AU Palomaki, TA Harlow, JW Teufel, JD Simmonds, RW Lehnert, KW AF Palomaki, T. A. Harlow, J. W. Teufel, J. D. Simmonds, R. W. Lehnert, K. W. TI Coherent state transfer between itinerant microwave fields and a mechanical oscillator SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM GROUND-STATE; NANOMECHANICAL MOTION; RESONATOR; CIRCUIT AB Macroscopic mechanical oscillators have been coaxed into a regime of quantum behaviour by direct refrigeration(1) or a combination of refrigeration and laser-like cooling(2,3). This result supports the idea that mechanical oscillators may perform useful functions in the processing of quantum information with superconducting circuits(4-7), either by serving as a quantum memory for the ephemeral state of a microwave field or by providing a quantum interface between otherwise incompatible systems(8-14). As yet, the transfer of an itinerant state or a propagating mode of a microwave field to and from a storage medium has not been demonstrated, owing to the inability to turn on and off the interaction between the microwave field and the medium sufficiently quickly. Here we demonstrate that the state of an itinerant microwave field can be coherently transferred into, stored in and retrieved from a mechanical oscillator with amplitudes at the single-quantum level. Crucially, the time to capture and to retrieve the microwave state is shorter than the quantum state lifetime of the mechanical oscillator. In this quantum regime, the mechanical oscillator can both store quantum information and enable its transfer between otherwise incompatible systems. C1 [Palomaki, T. A.; Harlow, J. W.; Lehnert, K. W.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Palomaki, T. A.; Harlow, J. W.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Palomaki, T. A.; Harlow, J. W.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO USA. [Teufel, J. D.; Simmonds, R. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lehnert, KW (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM konrad.lehnert@jila.colorado.edu RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009; Teufel, John/A-8898-2010 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649; Teufel, John/0000-0002-1873-9941 FU DARPA QuASAR programme; US NSF Physics Frontier Center; NIST FX This work was supported primarily by the DARPA QuASAR programme, with additional support from the US NSF Physics Frontier Center and NIST. We would like to thank J. Kerckhoff, M. Holland, C. Regal, J. Thompson and R. Andrews for discussions. NR 30 TC 162 Z9 162 U1 5 U2 87 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 14 PY 2013 VL 495 IS 7440 BP 210 EP 214 DI 10.1038/nature11915 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 113FP UT WOS:000316652300045 PM 23486060 ER PT J AU Feldman, A Ahrenkiel, R Lehman, J AF Feldman, Ari Ahrenkiel, Richard Lehman, John TI Transient mobility in silicon as seen by a combination of free-carrier absorption and resonance-coupled photoconductive decay SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS; SPECTROSCOPY AB The combination of the resonance-coupled photoconductive decay (RCPCD) apparatus and a pump-probe free carrier absorption experiment results in a method of viewing transient mobility. RCPCD uses an Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm to pump the p-type silicon wafer, and a microwave coil antenna detects the transient excess-carrier concentration. The pump-probe experiment uses the same pump laser and a 10.6 mu m CO2 laser with HgCdTe photodetector to measure the transient change in absorption. The change in conductivity detected by RCPCD is directly proportional to the excess-carrier concentration (Delta n) and mobility (mu), whereas the pump-probe experiment has an inversely proportional relationship. By mathematically combining these signals at equivalent optical fluxes, a quantity proportional to the mobility emerges. The mobility is shown to vary both temporally and with respect to injection, countering the assumption that mobility is constant for photoconductive decay measurements. Theory and results are discussed within. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4794168] C1 [Feldman, Ari; Ahrenkiel, Richard] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80301 USA. [Feldman, Ari; Lehman, John] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Feldman, A (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80301 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 14 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 10 AR 103703 DI 10.1063/1.4794168 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 112BC UT WOS:000316565600030 ER PT J AU Swenson, LJ Day, PK Eom, BH Leduc, HG Llombart, N McKenney, CM Noroozian, O Zmuidzinas, J AF Swenson, L. J. Day, P. K. Eom, B. H. Leduc, H. G. Llombart, N. McKenney, C. M. Noroozian, O. Zmuidzinas, J. TI Operation of a titanium nitride superconducting microresonator detector in the nonlinear regime SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID KINETIC INDUCTANCE DETECTORS; ARRAYS; MILLIMETER; REDUCTION; RESONATOR AB If driven sufficiently strongly, superconducting microresonators exhibit nonlinear behavior including response bifurcation. This behavior can arise from a variety of physical mechanisms including heating effects, grain boundaries or weak links, vortex penetration, or through the intrinsic nonlinearity of the kinetic inductance. Although microresonators used for photon detection are usually driven fairly hard in order to optimize their sensitivity, most experiments to date have not explored detector performance beyond the onset of bifurcation. Here, we present measurements of a lumped-element superconducting microresonator designed for use as a far-infrared detector and operated deep into the nonlinear regime. The 1 GHz resonator was fabricated from a 22 nm thick titanium nitride film with a critical temperature of 2K and a normal-state resistivity of 100 mu Omega cm. We measured the response of the device when illuminated with 6.4 pW optical loading using microwave readout powers that ranged from the low-power, linear regime to 18 dB beyond the onset of bifurcation. Over this entire range, the nonlinear behavior is well described by a nonlinear kinetic inductance. The best noise-equivalent power of 2 x 10(-16) W/Hz(1/2) at 10 Hz was measured at the highest readout power, and represents a similar to 10 fold improvement compared with operating below the onset of bifurcation. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4794808] C1 [Swenson, L. J.; Eom, B. H.; McKenney, C. M.; Zmuidzinas, J.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Swenson, L. J.; Day, P. K.; Leduc, H. G.; Zmuidzinas, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Llombart, N.] Delft Univ Technol, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands. [Noroozian, O.] NIST, Quantum Sensors Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Swenson, LJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM swenson@astro.caltech.edu RI Noroozian, Omid/G-3519-2011 OI Noroozian, Omid/0000-0002-9904-1704 FU Keck Institute for Space Science; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX The authors wish to thank Teun Klapwijk and David Moore for useful discussions relating to this work. This work was supported in part by the Keck Institute for Space Science, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The devices used in this work were fabricated at the JPL Microdevices Laboratory. L. Swenson acknowledges the support from the NASA Postdoctoral Program. L. Swenson and C. McKenney acknowledge funding from the Keck Institute for Space Science. (C) 2012. All rights reserved. NR 45 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 14 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 10 AR 104501 DI 10.1063/1.4794808 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 112BC UT WOS:000316565600059 ER PT J AU Qi, B Ye, LF Stone, R Dennis, C Crawford, TM Mefford, OT AF Qi, Bin Ye, Longfei Stone, Roland Dennis, Cindi Crawford, Thomas M. Mefford, O. Thompson TI Influence of Ligand-Precursor Molar Ratio on the Size Evolution of Modifiable Iron Oxide Nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; ASSEMBLIES; PARTICLES; FE3O4; MN; FE; CO AB During the synthesis of nanoparticles via thermal decomposition of iron precursors, the capping ligand-precursor ratio influences the resulting size of the iron oxide nanoparticles. As the molar ratio of aliphatic amines to iron precursor is increased, the average diameter of the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles decreases. This trend is opposite to previously reported results. We investigated this phenomenon by independently varying the ligand chain length, the ligand-precursor molar ratio, and the degree of saturation of the aliphatic chain. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the precursor illustrated the presence of a primary amine peak before heating and the peak absence after heating, potentially indicating that the primary amine acts as reducing agent to promote the decomposition of the iron precursor. We hypothesize that the amine groups play a dominant role in the nucleation of the particles, while the chain length and degree of aliphatic saturation have only a minor effect on particle size. The nanoparticles' size and crystallinity were characterized with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and X-ray diffraction, and the magnetic properties were characterized by magnetometry. C1 [Qi, Bin; Stone, Roland; Mefford, O. Thompson] Clemson Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Qi, Bin; Stone, Roland; Mefford, O. Thompson] COMSET, Anderson, SC 29625 USA. [Ye, Longfei; Crawford, Thomas M.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Ye, Longfei; Crawford, Thomas M.] Univ S Carolina, USC NanoCtr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Dennis, Cindi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mefford, OT (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM MEFFORD@clemson.edu RI Qi, Bin/N-3460-2014 OI Qi, Bin/0000-0001-6817-9703 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-097167, CMMI-1130819, -1130636] FX This research is supported by the National Science Foundation (DMR-097167 and CMMI-1130819 and -1130636). The authors thank Clemson University for the invaluable support. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 14 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 10 BP 5429 EP 5435 DI 10.1021/jp311509v PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 108PR UT WOS:000316308400059 ER PT J AU Zahraei, A Hsu, KL Sorooshian, S Gourley, JJ Hong, Y Behrangi, A AF Zahraei, Ali Hsu, Kuo-lin Sorooshian, Soroosh Gourley, Jonathan J. Hong, Yang Behrangi, Ali TI Short-term quantitative precipitation forecasting using an object-based approach SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Short-term quantitative precipitation; forecasting; Nowcasting; Storm tracking ID CONTINENTAL RADAR IMAGES; MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; SATELLITE INFRARED IMAGERY; NEURAL-NETWORK; RAINFALL ESTIMATION; TRACKING ALGORITHM; SCALE-DEPENDENCE; LIFE-CYCLE; METHODOLOGY; PREDICTABILITY AB Short-term Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting (SQPF) is critical for flash-flood warning, navigation safety, and many other applications. The current study proposes a new object-based method, named PERCAST (PERsiann-ForeCAST), to identify, track, and nowcast storms. PERCAST predicts the location and rate of rainfall up to 4 h using the most recent storm images to extract storm features, such as advection field and changes in storm intensity and size. PERCAST is coupled with a previously developed precipitation retrieval algorithm called PERSIANN-CCS (Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Cloud Classification System) to forecast rainfall rates. Four case studies have been presented to evaluate the performance of the models. While the first two case studies justify the model capabilities in nowcasting single storms, the third and fourth case studies evaluate the proposed model over the contiguous US during the summer of 2010. The results show that, by considering storm Growth and Decay (GD) trends for the prediction, the PERCAST-GD further improves the predictability of convection in terms of verification parameters such as Probability of Detection (POD) and False Alarm Ratio (FAR) up to 15-20%, compared to the comparison algorithms such as PERCAST. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zahraei, Ali; Hsu, Kuo-lin; Sorooshian, Soroosh] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Henry Samueli Sch Engn, CHRS, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Behrangi, Ali] Calif Inst Technol Climate Ocean & Earth Sci, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Zahraei, A (reprint author), NOAA CREST, Washington, DC USA. EM azahraei@ccny.cuny.edu; kuolinh@uci.edu; soroosh@uci.edu; Jj.Gourley@noaa.gov; yanghon-g@ou.edu; ali.behrangi@jpl.nasa.gov RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 FU Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing (CHRS) at the University of California, Irvine; NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC [NAO9NES4400006]; NCSU CICS [2009-1380-01]; ARO [W911NF-11-1-0422]; NASA NEWS [NNX06AF93G]; Hydrologic Research Lab of the US National Weather Service (HRL-NWS) FX This research was supported by the Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing (CHRS) at the University of California, Irvine. Partial financial support was provided by NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC (prime award NAO9NES4400006, NCSU CICS subaward 2009-1380-01), ARO (grant W911NF-11-1-0422) and NASA NEWS (Grant NNX06AF93G). Graduate fellowship support provided by the Hydrologic Research Lab of the US National Weather Service (HRL-NWS) is also greatly appreciated. Part of the research was carried out at the National Severe Storm Lab (NSSL/NOAA), Norman, OK. The authors thank Dr. Jeff Kimpel from NSSL for providing the opportunity for collaboration between CHRS and NSSL. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 13 PY 2013 VL 483 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.09.052 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 111HL UT WOS:000316512300001 ER PT J AU Li, RB Deng, L Hagley, EW AF Li, R. B. Deng, L. Hagley, E. W. TI Fast, All-Optical, Zero to pi Continuously Controllable Kerr Phase Gate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; QUANTUM; MODULATION; PHOTONS; FIBERS AB We demonstrate a fast Kerr phase gate in a room-temperature Rb-85 vapor using a Raman gain method where the probe wave travels "superluminally". Continuously variable, zero to pi radian nonlinear Kerr phase shifts of the probe wave relative to a reference wave have been observed at 333 K. We show rapid manipulation of digitally encoded probe waves using a digitally encoded phase-control light field, demonstrating the capability of the system in information science and telecommunication applications. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.113902 C1 [Li, R. B.; Deng, L.; Hagley, E. W.] NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, R. B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Inst Phys & Math, State Key Lab Magnet Resonance & Atom & Mol Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. [Li, R. B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Cold Atom Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. RP Li, RB (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA FX R. B. L. acknowledges financial support from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA. We thank Josh C. Bienfang for suggestions. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 13 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 11 AR 113902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.113902 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 106VP UT WOS:000316173100002 PM 25166537 ER PT J AU Elliott, LCC Jing, BX Akgun, B Zhu, YX Bohn, PW Fullerton-Shirey, SK AF Elliott, Lindsay C. C. Jing, Benxin Akgun, Bulent Zhu, Yingxi Bohn, Paul W. Fullerton-Shirey, Susan K. TI Loading and Distribution of a Model Small Molecule Drug in Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Brushes: a Neutron Reflectometry and AFM Study SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGE; VOLUME PHASE-TRANSITION; N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE; POLYMER BRUSHES; CONTROLLED-RELEASE; GRAFTING DENSITY; WATER; SURFACE; TEMPERATURE; DELIVERY AB The structure of a hydrated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) brush loaded with 5 vol % Isoniazid is studied as a function of temperature using neutron reflectometry (NR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). NR measurements show that Isoniazid increases the thickness of the brush before, during and after the polymer collapse, and it is retained inside the brush at all measured temperatures. The Isoniazid concentration in the expanded brush is similar to 14% higher than in the bulk solution, and the concentration nearly doubles in the collapsed polymer, suggesting stronger binding between Isoniazid and the polymer compared to water, even at temperatures below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) where the polymer is hydrophilic. Typically, additives that bind strongly to the polymer backbone and increase the hydrophilicity of the polymer will delay the onset of the LCST, which is suggested by AFM and NR measurements. The extent of small-molecule loading and distribution throughout a thermo-responsive polymer brush, such as pNIPAAm, will have important consequences for applications such as drug delivery and gating. C1 [Elliott, Lindsay C. C.; Zhu, Yingxi; Bohn, Paul W.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame Ctr Nano Sci & Technol, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Jing, Benxin; Zhu, Yingxi; Bohn, Paul W.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame Ctr Nano Sci & Technol, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Fullerton-Shirey, Susan K.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame Ctr Nano Sci & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Bogazici Univ, TR-80815 Bebek, Turkey. RP Fullerton-Shirey, SK (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame Ctr Nano Sci & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM fullerton.3@nd.edu RI Fullerton-Shirey, Susan/A-7188-2010; Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011; Jing, Benxin/I-4944-2014 OI Fullerton-Shirey, Susan/0000-0003-2720-0400; Jing, Benxin/0000-0002-8400-1937 FU Notre Dame Center for Nano Science and Technology; NSF [1111739]; NIST Center for Neutron Research; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE-FG02-07ER46390] FX The authors acknowledge financial support from the following sources: the Notre Dame Center for Nano Science and Technology (S.K.F.S.), NSF research Grant 1111739 (L.C.C.E., P.W.B.), a travel grant from the NIST Center for Neutron Research (L.C.C.E.), the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46390 (B.J. and Y.Z., AFM study of pNIPAAm brushes). This work utilized neutron facilities provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce. We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Chaun Wei and Prof. Haifeng Gao in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Notre Dame for the use of their GPC. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 58 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 12 PY 2013 VL 29 IS 10 BP 3259 EP 3268 DI 10.1021/la305088k PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 112LO UT WOS:000316593900012 PM 23441753 ER PT J AU Pan, C Li, HF Akgun, B Satijia, SK Zhu, YM Xu, D Ortiz, J Gersappe, D Rafailovich, MH AF Pan, Cheng Li, Hongfei Akgun, Bulent Satijia, Sushil K. Zhu, Yimei Xu, Di Ortiz, Joseph Gersappe, Dilip Rafailovich, Miriam H. TI Enhancing the Efficiency of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells via Templated Self-Assembly SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; POLYMER SYSTEMS; BLENDS; MORPHOLOGY; FILMS; NANOPARTICLES; INTERFACES; CONTACTS AB Morphology control in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell is considered to be critical for the power conversion efficiency (PCE). In this paper, we present a novel approach that introduces polystyrene that organizes the poly(3-heacylthiophene) (P3HT) into columnar phases decorated by [6,6]-phenyl C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) at the interface. This structure represents a realization of an idealized morphology of an organic solar cell, in which both exiciton dissociation and the carrier transport are optimized, leading to increased power conversion efficiency. C1 [Pan, Cheng; Li, Hongfei; Xu, Di; Ortiz, Joseph; Gersappe, Dilip; Rafailovich, Miriam H.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Akgun, Bulent; Satijia, Sushil K.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Bogazici Univ, Dept Chem, TR-34342 Istanbul, Turkey. [Zhu, Yimei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rafailovich, MH (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM mrafailovich@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011 FU NSF [CBET 1033623, DMR 0606387]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This research was supported in part by NSF-CBET 1033623 and NSF-DMR 0606387 programs. Work at Brookhaven National Laboratory as well as its user facilities at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. We also thank Kim Kiss linger (BNL) for TEM cross-section measurements and Chang-Yong Nam for device fabrication. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 101 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 12 PY 2013 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1812 EP 1819 DI 10.1021/ma302458d PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 106TW UT WOS:000316168600012 ER PT J AU Levy, N Zhang, T Ha, J Sharifi, F Talin, AA Kuk, Y Stroscio, JA AF Levy, Niv Zhang, Tong Ha, Jeonghoon Sharifi, Fred Talin, A. Alec Kuk, Young Stroscio, Joseph A. TI Experimental Evidence for s-Wave Pairing Symmetry in Superconducting CuxBi2Se3 Single Crystals Using a Scanning Tunneling Microscope SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOPOLOGICAL INSULATORS; JUNCTIONS; CURRENTS AB Topological superconductors represent a newly predicted phase of matter that is topologically distinct from conventional superconducting condensates of Cooper pairs. As a manifestation of their topological character, topological superconductors support solid-state realizations of Majorana fermions at their boundaries. The recently discovered superconductor CuxBi2Se3 has been theoretically proposed as an odd-parity superconductor in the time-reversal-invariant topological superconductor class, and point-contact spectroscopy measurements have reported the observation of zero-bias conductance peaks corresponding to Majorana states in this material. Here we report scanning tunneling microscopy measurements of the superconducting energy gap in CuxBi2Se3 as a function of spatial position and applied magnetic field. The tunneling spectrum shows that the density of states at the Fermi level is fully gapped without any in-gap states. The spectrum is well described by the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory with a momentum independent order parameter, which suggests that Cu0.2Bi2Se3 is a classical s-wave superconductor contrary to previous expectations and measurements. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.117001 C1 [Levy, Niv; Zhang, Tong; Ha, Jeonghoon; Sharifi, Fred; Talin, A. Alec; Stroscio, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Levy, Niv; Zhang, Tong; Ha, Jeonghoon] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ha, Jeonghoon; Kuk, Young] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 151747, South Korea. RP Stroscio, JA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.stroscio@nist.gov FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; Korea Research Foundation [KRF-2010-00349] FX We thank Liang Fu, Timothy Hsieh, and Yoichi Ando for valuable discussions, Steve Blankenship and Alan Band for technical assistance, and Nikolai Klimov for assistance in measuring transport properties. N. L., T. Z., and J. H. acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Grant No. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. J. H. and Y. K. are partly supported by Korea Research Foundation through Grant No. KRF-2010-00349. NR 28 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 9 U2 78 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 12 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 11 AR 117001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.117001 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 106VJ UT WOS:000316172500021 PM 25166563 ER PT J AU Nembach, HT Shaw, JM Boone, CT Silva, TJ AF Nembach, Hans T. Shaw, Justin M. Boone, Carl T. Silva, T. J. TI Mode- and Size-Dependent Landau-Lifshitz Damping in Magnetic Nanostructures: Evidence for Nonlocal Damping SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS AB We demonstrate a strong dependence of the effective damping on the nanomagnet size and the particular spin-wave mode that can be explained by the theory of intralayer transverse-spin pumping. The effective Landau-Lifshitz damping is measured optically in individual, isolated nanomagnets as small as 100 nm. The measurements are accomplished by use of a novel heterodyne magneto-optical microwave microscope with unprecedented sensitivity. Experimental data reveal multiple standing spin-wave modes that we identify by use of micromagnetic modeling as having either localized or delocalized character, described generically as end and center modes. The damping parameter of the two modes depends on both the size of the nanomagnet as well as the particular spin-wave mode that is excited, with values that are enhanced by as much as 40% relative to that measured for an extended film. Contrary to expectations based on the ad hoc consideration of lithography-induced edge damage, the damping for the end mode decreases as the size of the nanomagnet decreases. The data agree with the theory for damping caused by the flow of intralayer transverse spin currents driven by the magnetization curvature. These results have serious implications for the performance of nanoscale spintronic devices such as spin-torque-transfer magnetic random access memory. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.117201 C1 [Nembach, Hans T.; Shaw, Justin M.; Boone, Carl T.; Silva, T. J.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Nembach, HT (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 37 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 72 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 12 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 11 AR 117201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.117201 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 106VJ UT WOS:000316172500023 PM 25166568 ER PT J AU Dijkstra, JA Buckman, KL Ward, D Evans, DW Dionne, M Chen, CY AF Dijkstra, Jennifer A. Buckman, Kate L. Ward, Darren Evans, David W. Dionne, Michele Chen, Celia Y. TI Experimental and Natural Warming Elevates Mercury Concentrations in Estuarine Fish SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID KILLIFISH FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; MICROBIAL SULFATE REDUCTION; SOUTHERN NEW-ENGLAND; SALT-MARSH; FOOD WEBS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; REDUCING BACTERIA; NORTHEASTERN USA AB Marine food webs are the most important link between the global contaminant, methylmercury (MeHg), and human exposure through consumption of seafood. Warming temperatures may increase human exposure to MeHg, a potent neurotoxin, by increasing MeHg production as well as bioaccumulation and trophic transfer through marine food webs. Studies of the effects of temperature on MeHg bioaccumulation are rare and no study has specifically related temperature to MeHg fate by linking laboratory experiments with natural field manipulations in coastal ecosystems. We performed laboratory and field experiments on MeHg accumulation under varying temperature regimes using the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus. Temperature treatments were established in salt pools on a coastal salt marsh using a natural temperature gradient where killifish fed on natural food sources. Temperatures were manipulated across a wider range in laboratory experiments with killifish exposed to MeHg enriched food. In both laboratory microcosms and field mesocosms, MeHg concentrations in killifish significantly increased at elevated temperatures. Moreover, in field experiments, other ancillary variables (salinity, MeHg in sediment, etc.) did not relate to MeHg bioaccumulation. Modeling of laboratory experimental results suggested increases in metabolic rate as a driving factor. The elevated temperatures we tested are consistent with predicted trends in climate warming, and indicate that in the absence of confounding factors, warmer sea surface temperatures could result in greater in bioaccumulation of MeHg in fish, and consequently, increased human exposure. C1 [Dijkstra, Jennifer A.; Dionne, Michele] Wells Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Wells, ME 04090 USA. [Buckman, Kate L.; Chen, Celia Y.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Ward, Darren] Humboldt State Univ, Fisheries Biol Dept, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Evans, David W.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC USA. RP Dijkstra, JA (reprint author), Wells Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Wells, ME 04090 USA. EM jdijkstra@ccom.unh.edu FU NIEHS (NIH) [P42 ES007373]; Maine Sea Grant [DV-08-017]; George and Eleanor Ford Foundation FX Funding for this research was provided by NIEHS (NIH #P42 ES007373) and Maine Sea Grant (#DV-08-017). Funding for J. A. Dijkstra was provided by the George and Eleanor Ford Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 75 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 72 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 12 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 AR e58401 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0058401 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 107WV UT WOS:000316252500024 PM 23554891 ER PT J AU Hardison, DR Sunda, WG Shea, D Litaker, RW AF Hardison, Donnie Ransom Sunda, William G. Shea, Damian Litaker, Richard Wayne TI Increased Toxicity of Karenia brevis during Phosphate Limited Growth: Ecological and Evolutionary Implications SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FLORIDA RED TIDE; MARINE CHEMICAL ECOLOGY; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; NITROGEN LIMITATION; PTYCHODISCUS-BREVIS; SODIUM-CHANNELS; HUMAN EXPOSURE; SOUTH FLORIDA AB Karenia brevis is the dominant toxic red tide algal species in the Gulf of Mexico. It produces potent neurotoxins (brevetoxins [PbTxs]), which negatively impact human and animal health, local economies, and ecosystem function. Field measurements have shown that cellular brevetoxin contents vary from 1-68 pg/cell but the source of this variability is uncertain. Increases in cellular toxicity caused by nutrient-limitation and inter-strain differences have been observed in many algal species. This study examined the effect of P-limitation of growth rate on cellular toxin concentrations in five Karenia brevis strains from different geographic locations. Phosphorous was selected because of evidence for regional P-limitation of algal growth in the Gulf of Mexico. Depending on the isolate, P-limited cells had 2.3- to 7.3-fold higher PbTx per cell than P-replete cells. The percent of cellular carbon associated with brevetoxins (%C-PbTx) was similar to 0.7 to 2.1% in P-replete cells, but increased to 1.6-5% under P-limitation. Because PbTxs are potent anti-grazing compounds, this increased investment in PbTxs should enhance cellular survival during periods of nutrient-limited growth. The % C-PbTx was inversely related to the specific growth rate in both the nutrient-replete and P-limited cultures of all strains. This inverse relationship is consistent with an evolutionary tradeoff between carbon investment in PbTxs and other grazing defenses, and C investment in growth and reproduction. In aquatic environments where nutrient supply and grazing pressure often vary on different temporal and spatial scales, this tradeoff would be selectively advantageous as it would result in increased net population growth rates. The variation in PbTx/cell values observed in this study can account for the range of values observed in the field, including the highest values, which are not observed under N-limitation. These results suggest P-limitation is an important factor regulating cellular toxicity and adverse impacts during at least some K. brevis blooms. C1 [Hardison, Donnie Ransom; Sunda, William G.; Litaker, Richard Wayne] Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Hardison, Donnie Ransom; Shea, Damian] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hardison, DR (reprint author), Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM rance.hardison@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX This project was funded by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) program funds. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 89 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 74 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 12 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 AR e58545 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0058545 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 107WV UT WOS:000316252500029 PM 23554901 ER PT J AU Zhang, T Levy, N Ha, J Kuk, Y Stroscio, JA AF Zhang, Tong Levy, Niv Ha, Jeonghoon Kuk, Young Stroscio, Joseph A. TI Scanning tunneling microscopy of gate tunable topological insulator Bi2Se3 thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; TRANSPORT; BI2TE3 AB Electrical-field control of the carrier density of topological insulators (TIs) has greatly expanded the possible practical use of these materials. However, the combination of low-temperature local probe studies and a gate tunable TI device remains challenging. We have overcome this limitation by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy measurements on in situ molecular-beam epitaxy grown Bi2Se3 films on SrTiO3 substrates with prepatterned electrodes. Using this gating method, we are able to tune the Fermi level of the top surface states within a range of approximate to 250 meV on a 3-nm-thick Bi2Se3 device. We report field effect studies of the surface-state dispersion, band gap, and electronic structure at the Fermi level. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.115410 C1 [Zhang, Tong; Levy, Niv; Ha, Jeonghoon; Stroscio, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Tong; Ha, Jeonghoon] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ha, Jeonghoon; Kuk, Young] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 151747, South Korea. RP Stroscio, JA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.stroscio@nist.gov FU University of Maryland through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; Korea Research Foundation [KRF-2010-00349] FX We thank Steve Blankenship and Alan Band for technical assistance. T.Z. and J.H. acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Grant No. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. J.H. and Y.K. were partly supported by Korea Research Foundation through Grant No. KRF-2010-00349. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 77 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 12 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 11 AR 115410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.115410 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 105VS UT WOS:000316101400006 ER PT J AU Fritsch, K Ross, KA Qiu, Y Copley, JRD Guidi, T Bewley, RI Dabkowska, HA Gaulin, BD AF Fritsch, K. Ross, K. A. Qiu, Y. Copley, J. R. D. Guidi, T. Bewley, R. I. Dabkowska, H. A. Gaulin, B. D. TI Antiferromagnetic spin ice correlations at (1/2,1/2,1/2) in the ground state of the pyrochlore magnet Tb2Ti2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; COULOMB PHASE; MONOPOLES; LIQUID AB We present high-resolution single-crystal time-of-flight neutron scattering measurements on the candidate quantum spin liquid pyrochlore Tb2Ti2O7 at low temperature and in a magnetic field. At similar to 70 mK and in zero field, Tb2Ti2O7 reveals diffuse magnetic elastic scattering at (1/2, 1/2, 1/2) positions in reciprocal space, consistent with short-range correlated regions based on a two-in, two-out spin ice configuration on a doubled conventional unit cell. This elastic scattering is separated from very low-energy magnetic inelastic scattering by an energy gap of similar to 0.06-0.08 meV. The elastic signal disappears under the application of small magnetic fields and upon elevating temperature. Pinch-point-like elastic diffuse scattering is observed near (1,1,1) and (0,0,2) in zero field at similar to 70 mK, in agreement with Fennell et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 017201 (2012)], supporting the quantum spin ice interpretation of Tb2Ti2O7. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.094410 C1 [Fritsch, K.; Ross, K. A.; Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Ross, K. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ross, K. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ross, K. A.; Qiu, Y.; Copley, J. R. D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guidi, T.; Bewley, R. I.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Pulsed Neutron & Muon Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Dabkowska, H. A.; Gaulin, B. D.] Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gaulin, B. D.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. RP Fritsch, K (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. OI Ross, Kate/0000-0002-7385-7449 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; NSERC of Canada FX The authors acknowledge useful contributions from M. J. P. Gingras. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772, and was supported by NSERC of Canada. The DAVE software package47 was used for data reduction and analysis of DCS data. LET data were reduced using Mantid48 and analyzed using the HORACE software package.49 NR 46 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 11 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 9 AR 094410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.094410 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 105UK UT WOS:000316098000002 ER PT J AU Ruzic, BP Greene, CH Bohn, JL AF Ruzic, Brandon P. Greene, Chris H. Bohn, John L. TI Quantum defect theory for high-partial-wave cold collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING LENGTH; BOUND-STATE; EQUATION; ENERGY AB We introduce a choice of reference wave functions that allows multichannel quantum defect theory (MQDT) to describe ultracold collisions involving high-partial-wave quantum numbers L. This requires a careful standardization of the MQDT reference wave functions at long range to ensure their linear independence. To illustrate the simplicity and accuracy of the resulting theory, we perform a comprehensive calculation of L <= 2 Fano-Feshbach resonances in the range 0-1000 G for the scattering of K-40 + Rb-87 in their lowest hyperfine states. Moreover, we derive analytic expressions for our universal set of MQDT parameters in the threshold regime. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.032706 C1 [Ruzic, Brandon P.; Greene, Chris H.; Bohn, John L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ruzic, Brandon P.; Greene, Chris H.; Bohn, John L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Greene, Chris H.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ruzic, BP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Greene, Chris/C-3821-2011 OI Greene, Chris/0000-0002-2096-6385 FU US Department of Energy FX The authors acknowledge financial support from the US Department of Energy. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 11 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 3 AR 032706 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.032706 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 104VX UT WOS:000316025300011 ER PT J AU Shields, JE Karr, ME Johnson, RW Burden, AR AF Shields, Janet E. Karr, Monette E. Johnson, Richard W. Burden, Art R. TI Day/night whole sky imagers for 24-h cloud and sky assessment: history and overview SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LINDENBERG; GERMANY; SUPPORT; SURFACE; VIS/NIR AB A family of fully automated digital whole sky imagers (WSIs) has been developed at the Marine Physical Laboratory over many years, for a variety of research and military applications. The most advanced of these, the day/night whole sky imagers (D/N WSIs), acquire digital imagery of the full sky down to the horizon under all conditions from full sunlight to starlight. Cloud algorithms process the imagery to automatically detect the locations of cloud for both day and night. The instruments can provide absolute radiance distribution over the full radiance range from starlight through daylight. The WSIs were fielded in 1984, followed by the D/N WSIs in 1992. These many years of experience and development have resulted in very capable instruments and algorithms that remain unique. This article discusses the history of the development of the D/N WSIs, system design, algorithms, and data products. The paper cites many reports with more detailed technical documentation. Further details of calibration, day and night algorithms, and cloud free line-of-sight results will be discussed in future articles. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Shields, Janet E.; Karr, Monette E.; Johnson, Richard W.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Burden, Art R.] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites NC, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Shields, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jshields@ucsd.edu FU Air Force Phillips Laboratory; Air Force Geophysics Laboratory; Air Force Research Laboratory; Starfire Optical Range; Office of Naval Research; Deutsche Wetterdienst; Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Program; Boeing SVC FX The authors would like to thank our many sponsors, including the Air Force Phillips Laboratory, the Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, the Air Force Research Laboratory and the Starfire Optical Range, the Office of Naval Research, the Deutsche Wetterdienst, the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Program, and Boeing SVC. Also, the authors would like to thank the many talented and dedicated individuals working within the AOG who have contributed to these systems over the years: Justin Baker, Melissa Ciandro, John Fox, Wayne Hering, Thomas Koehler, Brad Kroeger, Vincent Mikuls, David Sauer, Daniel Schickele, Harry Sprink, Jake Streeter, Jack Varah, Jason Wertz, Richard Weymouth, and Eugene Zawadzki. The authors also thank the administrative staff of MPL, without whose support this work could not have been done. NR 58 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 10 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 8 BP 1605 EP 1616 DI 10.1364/AO.52.001605 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 103DL UT WOS:000315894500009 PM 23478763 ER PT J AU Lazzati, D Morsony, BJ Margutti, R Begelman, MC AF Lazzati, Davide Morsony, Brian J. Margutti, Raffaella Begelman, Mitchell C. TI PHOTOSPHERIC EMISSION AS THE DOMINANT RADIATION MECHANISM IN LONG-DURATION GAMMA-RAY BURSTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray burst: general; hydrodynamics; methods: numerical; relativistic processes ID PEAK-ENERGY; PROMPT EMISSION; COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS; JETS; LUMINOSITY; MODEL; EFFICIENCY; SPECTRA; GRB; THERMALIZATION AB We present the results of a set of numerical simulations of long-duration gamma-ray burst jets associated with massive, compact stellar progenitors. The simulations extend to large radii and allow us to locate the region in which the peak frequency of the advected radiation is set before the radiation is released at the photosphere. Light curves and spectra are calculated for different viewing angles as well as different progenitor structures and jet properties. We find that the radiation released at the photosphere of matter-dominated jets is able to reproduce the observed Amati and energy-Lorentz factor correlations. Our simulations also predict a correlation between the burst energy and the radiative efficiency of the prompt phase, consistent with observations. C1 [Lazzati, Davide] NC State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Morsony, Brian J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Margutti, Raffaella] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITC, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lazzati, D (reprint author), NC State Univ, Dept Phys, 2401 Stinson Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. FU Fermi GI program [NNX10AP55G, NNX12AO74G]; NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship [AST-1102796] FX We thank S. E. Woosley and A. Heger for making their pre-SN models available, Lorenzo Amati for sharing his up-to-date data on the Amati correlation before publication, and Gabriele Ghisellini and Dimitrios Giannios for valuable discussions. The software used in this work was in part developed by the DOE-supported ASC/Alliance Center for Astrophysical Thermonuclear Flashes at the University of Chicago. This work was supported in part by the Fermi GI program grants NNX10AP55G and NNX12AO74G (DL). B.J.M. is supported by an NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship under award AST-1102796. NR 49 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2013 VL 765 IS 2 AR 103 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/765/2/103 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 103MP UT WOS:000315921500028 ER PT J AU Monroe, C Kim, J AF Monroe, C. Kim, J. TI Scaling the Ion Trap Quantum Processor SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID ENTANGLED STATES; ARCHITECTURE; COMPUTATION; WAVELENGTH; OPERATIONS AB Trapped atomic ions are standards for quantum information processing, serving as quantum memories, hosts of quantum gates in quantum computers and simulators, and nodes of quantum communication networks. Quantum bits based on trapped ions enjoy a rare combination of attributes: They have exquisite coherence properties, they can be prepared and measured with nearly 100% efficiency, and they are readily entangled with each other through the Coulomb interaction or remote photonic interconnects. The outstanding challenge is the scaling of trapped ions to hundreds or thousands of qubits and beyond, at which scale quantum processors can outperform their classical counterparts in certain applications. We review the latest progress and prospects in that effort, with the promise of advanced architectures and new technologies, such as microfabricated ion traps and integrated photonics. C1 [Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, JQI, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Monroe, C.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kim, J.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Kim, J.] Appl Quantum Technol, Durham, NC 27707 USA. RP Monroe, C (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, JQI, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM monroe@umd.edu RI Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011 FU U.S. Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF0710576]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Optical Lattice Emulator Program, ARO [W911NF0410234]; Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity Multi-Qubit Coherent Operations program, ARO Multidisciplinary University Initiative [W911NF0910406, W31P4Q1210017]; DARPA Quiness Program; NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI FX This work was supported by the U.S. Army Research Office (ARO) award W911NF0710576 with funds from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Optical Lattice Emulator Program, ARO award W911NF0410234 with funds from the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity Multi-Qubit Coherent Operations program, ARO Multidisciplinary University Initiative award W911NF0910406 on Hybrid Quantum Optical Circuits, Army Contracting Command award W31P4Q1210017 with funds from the DARPA Quiness Program, and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI. NR 43 TC 128 Z9 128 U1 11 U2 89 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 8 PY 2013 VL 339 IS 6124 BP 1164 EP 1169 DI 10.1126/science.1231298 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 100OG UT WOS:000315709900037 PM 23471398 ER PT J AU Collette, BB Polidoro, B Carpenter, K AF Collette, Bruce B. Polidoro, Beth Carpenter, Kent TI Corrected numbers for fish on Red List SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 [Collette, Bruce B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [Polidoro, Beth] Arizona State Univ, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Carpenter, Kent] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Collette, BB (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC 20520 USA. EM collettb@si.edu NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 7 PY 2013 VL 495 IS 7439 BP 47 EP 47 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 105BE UT WOS:000316039800028 PM 23467163 ER PT J AU Truong, GW Long, DA Cygan, A Lisak, D van Zee, RD Hodges, JT AF Truong, G. -W. Long, D. A. Cygan, A. Lisak, D. van Zee, R. D. Hodges, J. T. TI Comb-linked, cavity ring-down spectroscopy for measurements of molecular transition frequencies at the kHz-level SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WAVELENGTH-CALIBRATION LINES; O-2 A-BAND; OPTICAL FREQUENCY; LASER; ABSORPTION; POSITIONS; SHIFT; NM AB We present a low uncertainty measurement technique for determining molecular transition frequencies. This approach is complementary to sub-Doppler saturation spectroscopies and is expected to enable new frequency measurements for a wide variety of molecular species with uncertainties at the kHz-level. The technique involves measurements of Doppler broadened lines using cavity ring-down spectroscopy whereby the probe laser is actively locked to the ring-down cavity and the spectrum frequencies are linked directly to an optical frequency comb that is referenced to an atomic frequency standard. As a demonstration we have measured the transition frequency of the (30012) <- (00001) P14e line of CO2 near 1.57 mu m with a combined standard uncertainty of similar to 9 kHz. This technique exhibits exceptional promise for measurements of transition frequencies and pressure shifting parameters of many weak absorbers, and indicates the potential for substantially improved measurements when compared to those obtained with conventional spectroscopic methods. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4792372] C1 [Truong, G. -W.; Long, D. A.; Cygan, A.; Lisak, D.; van Zee, R. D.; Hodges, J. T.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Truong, G. -W.] Univ Western Australia, Frequency Stand & Metrol Res Grp, Sch Phys, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Cygan, A.; Lisak, D.] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Inst Phys, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RP Long, DA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.long@nist.gov; joseph.hodges@nist.gov RI Cygan, Agata/E-1393-2014; Lisak, Daniel/E-1470-2014 FU NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program; Australian Fulbright Fellowship; Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project; EU European Regional Development Fund; National Science Centre [DEC-2011/01/B/ST2/00491] FX Support was provided by the NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program. G.-W. Truong was supported at NIST by an Australian Fulbright Fellowship. A. Cygan and D. Lisak's research was partially supported by the Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project co-financed by the EU European Regional Development Fund, the National Science Centre, Project No. DEC-2011/01/B/ST2/00491 and is part of the program of the National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 72 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 7 PY 2013 VL 138 IS 9 AR 094201 DI 10.1063/1.4792372 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 102WD UT WOS:000315874200016 PM 23485285 ER PT J AU Kofu, M Nagao, M Ueki, T Kitazawa, Y Nakamura, Y Sawamura, S Watanabe, M Yamamuro, O AF Kofu, Maiko Nagao, Michihiro Ueki, Takeshi Kitazawa, Yuzo Nakamura, Yutaro Sawamura, Syota Watanabe, Masayoshi Yamamuro, Osamu TI Heterogeneous Slow Dynamics of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids Studied by Neutron Spin Echo SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; RELAXATION PROCESSES; TEMPERATURE; HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; CONDUCTIVITY; DIFFRACTION; SCATTERING; CATION AB We have investigated structure and relaxation phenomena for ionic liquids 1-octy1-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (C8mimPF(6)) and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (C8mimTESI) by means of neutron diffraction and neutron spin echo (NSE) techniques. The diffraction patterns show two distinct peaks appeared at scattering vectors Q of 0.3 and 1.0 A(-1). The former originates from the nanoscale structure characteristic to ionic liquids and the latter due to the interionic correlations. Interestingly, the intensity of the low-Q peak drastically grows upon cooling and 0 3 keeps growing even below the glass transition temperature. The NSE measurements have been performed at these two Q positions, to explore the time evolution of each correlation. The relaxation related to the ionic correlation (ionic diffusion) is of Arrhenius-type and exhibits nonexponential behavior. The activation energy (Ea) of the ionic diffusion, which is linked to viscosity, depends on the type of anion; the larger is the anion size, the smaller Ea becomes for most of anions. On the other hand, two kinds of relaxation processes, slower and faster ones, are found at the low-Qpeak position. The most significant finding is that the fraction of the slower relaxation increases and that of the faster one decreases upon cooling. Combining the NSE data with the diffraction data, we conclude that there exist two parts in ILs: one with the ordered nanostructure exhibiting the slow relaxation, and the other with disordered structure showing faster relaxation. The structure and dynamics of ILs are heterogeneous in nature, and the fraction of each part changes with temperature. C1 [Kofu, Maiko; Yamamuro, Osamu] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Nagao, Michihiro] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Ueki, Takeshi; Kitazawa, Yuzo; Nakamura, Yutaro; Sawamura, Syota; Watanabe, Masayoshi] Yokohama Natl Univ, Dept Chem & Biotechnol, Hodogaya Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2408501, Japan. RP Yamamuro, O (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. EM yamamuro@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI WATANABE, Masayoshi/M-4816-2014; Ueki, Takeshi/J-4251-2015 OI WATANABE, Masayoshi/0000-0003-4092-6150; Ueki, Takeshi/0000-0001-9317-6280 FU MEXT, Japan [17073004]; US-Japan Cooperative Program on Neutron Scattering; National Science Foundation [DMR0944772] FX This work is financially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Area no. 17073004, MEXT, Japan, and by the US-Japan Cooperative Program on Neutron Scattering. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR0944772. NR 39 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 7 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 9 BP 2773 EP 2781 DI 10.1021/jp312608r PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 104GJ UT WOS:000315979600019 PM 23391265 ER PT J AU Brown, RC Wu, SJ Porto, JV Sansonetti, CJ Simien, CE Brewer, SM Tan, JN Gillaspy, JD AF Brown, Roger C. Wu, Saijun Porto, J. V. Sansonetti, Craig J. Simien, C. E. Brewer, Samuel M. Tan, Joseph N. Gillaspy, J. D. TI Quantum interference and light polarization effects in unresolvable atomic lines: Application to a precise measurement of the Li-6,Li-7 D-2 lines SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; QUADRUPOLE-MOMENT; RESONANCE LINES; MAGNETIC DIPOLE; ISOTOPE SHIFTS; FREQUENCY; FINE; STATES; LI-7; SPECTROSCOPY AB We characterize the effect of quantum interference on the line shapes and measured line positions in atomic spectra. These effects, which occur when the excited-state splittings are of order of the natural line widths, represent an overlooked but significant systematic effect. We show that excited-state interference gives rise to non-Lorentzian line shapes that depend on excitation polarization, and we present expressions for the corrected line shapes. We present spectra of Li-6,Li-7 D lines taken at multiple excitation laser polarizations and show that failure to account for interference changes the inferred line strengths and shifts the line centers by as much as 1 MHz. Using the correct line shape, we determine absolute optical transition frequencies with an uncertainty of <= 25 kHz and provide an improved determination of the difference in mean-square nuclear charge radii between Li-6 and Li-7. This analysis should be important for a number of high-resolution spectral measurements that include partially resolvable atomic lines. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.032504 C1 [Brown, Roger C.; Wu, Saijun; Porto, J. V.; Sansonetti, Craig J.; Simien, C. E.; Brewer, Samuel M.; Tan, Joseph N.; Gillaspy, J. D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, Roger C.; Wu, Saijun; Porto, J. V.; Simien, C. E.; Brewer, Samuel M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Brown, RC (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Brown, Roger/A-9630-2009 OI Brown, Roger/0000-0002-8228-4283 NR 52 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 7 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 3 AR 032504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.032504 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 100TX UT WOS:000315727700009 ER PT J AU Safronova, UI Safronova, MS AF Safronova, U. I. Safronova, M. S. TI Relativistic many-body calculation of energies, lifetimes, polarizabilities, and hyperpolarizabilities in Li-like Be+ SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; VARIATIONAL CALCULATIONS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; DISPERSION COEFFICIENTS; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; FINE-STRUCTURE; GROUND-STATES; EXCITED TERMS AB Excitation energies of the ns, np, nd, and nf (n <= 9) states in Li-like Be+ are evaluated within the framework of relativistic many-body theory. First-, second-, third-, and all-order Coulomb energies and first-and second- order Breit corrections to the energies are calculated. Two alternative treatments of the Breit interaction are investigated. In the first approach, we omit Breit contributions to the Dirac-Fock potential and evaluate Coulomb and Breit-Coulomb corrections through second order perturbatively. In the second approach, we include both Coulomb and Breit contributions on the same footing via the Breit-Dirac-Fock potential and then treat the residual Breit and Coulomb interactions perturbatively. The results obtained from the two approaches are compared and discussed. All-order calculations of reduced matrix elements, oscillator strengths, transition rates, and lifetimes are given for levels up to n = 9. Electric-dipole (2s-np), electric-quadrupole (2s-nd), and electric-octupole (2s-nf) matrix elements are evaluated in order to obtain the corresponding ground-state multipole polarizabilities using the sum-over-states approach. Recommended values are provided for a large number of electric-dipole matrix elements. Scalar and tensor polarizabilities for the ns, np(1/2), np(3/2), nd(3/2), and nd(5/2) states with n <= 9 are also calculated. The scalar hyperpolarizability for the ground 2s state is evaluated and compared with the result of a nonrelativistic calculation. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.032502 C1 [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Sharp Lab 217, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Safronova, UI (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. FU US NSF [PHY-1068699] FX The work of M.S.S. was supported in part by US NSF Grant No. PHY-1068699. NR 81 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 7 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 3 AR 032502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.032502 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 100TX UT WOS:000315727700007 ER PT J AU Lee, MY Munroe, TA Shao, KT AF Lee, Mao-Ying Munroe, Thomas A. Shao, Kwang-Tsao TI Symphurus orientalis (Bleeker) redefined based on morphological and molecular characters (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Symphurus orientalis; Symphurus novemfasciatus; flatfish; redescription; synonym; tonguefish; species complex; cryptic species ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PACIFIC TONGUEFISH PLEURONECTIFORMES; DNA BARCODING REVEALS; WESTERN PACIFIC; HYDROTHERMAL VENTS; TAXONOMIC STATUS; IDENTIFICATION; PERCIFORMES; AUSTRALIA; TELEOSTEI AB Aphoristia (= Symphurus) orientalis Bleeker 1879, collected from an unspecified depth and location in Japanese waters, is the first described species of symphurine tonguefish from Indo-Pacific waters. The original description with accompanying illustration is based on the unique holotype specimen and provides limited diagnostic characters for this taxon. Subsequent to its description, the holotype of A. orientalis has been lost. Limited diagnostic information and loss of the holotype have caused considerable confusion to subsequent systematic studies regarding the identity of this and similar tonguefish species occurring in the Indo-West Pacific region. Several, often-cited, taxonomic accounts purportedly redescribing S. orientalis are erroneous because they include more than one species in these redescriptions. These erroneous redescriptions not only confused the species concept of S. orientalis (Bleeker), but also confounded the systematics of similar Indo-West Pacific tonguefishes. Symphurus novemfasciatus Shen and Lin, described on two specimens collected in southern Taiwan, shares many morphological and pigmentation features similar to those of S. orientalis. Morphological data from a large series of tonguefishes collected in Taiwanese and Japanese waters, as well as molecular data from a smaller number of specimens from these locations, including the type locality of S. novemfasciatus, confirm the presence of only one species, S. orientalis (Bleeker), among these specimens. Symphurus novemfasciatus Shen and Lin is therefore regarded as a junior subjective synonym of S. orientalis. Symphurus orientalis is redefined based on a large series of specimens identified by a consistent set of morphological criteria, and a neotype is designated to stabilize nomenclature and systematics of this species. Symphurus orientalis differs from congeners by its combination of: a predominant 1-2-2-2-2 pattern of interdigitation of proximal dorsal-fin pterygiophores and neural spines, 12 caudal-fin rays, 9 abdominal and 52-55 total vertebrae, four hypurals, 96-101 dorsal-fin rays, 82-89 anal-fin rays, 87-99 longitudinal scale rows, 37-42 transverse scales, 5-11 (usually) distinct, complete or incomplete, blackish-brown crossbands on the ocular side, uniformly white blind side, and conspicuous bluish-black peritoneum. Documenting morphological variation for S. orientalis represents the most important step towards clarification of the identity of this and other symphurine tonguefish species from this region. Reliable identification of specimens of S. orientalis also provides the foundation for evaluating the status of several other, poorly-known, nominal species of Indo-West Pacific tonguefishes that have features similar to those of S. orientalis. Improved identifications will lead to better knowledge on the geographic distribution of S. orientalis and these other species, as well as to improve estimates of biodiversity and the biogeography of Indo-West Pacific symphurine tonguefishes. C1 [Lee, Mao-Ying] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Dept Aquaculture, Keelung 20224, Taiwan. [Munroe, Thomas A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Smithsonian Inst,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Shao, Kwang-Tsao] Acad Sinica, Biodivers Res Ctr, Lab Fish Ecol & Evolut, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. RP Shao, KT (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Biodivers Res Ctr, Lab Fish Ecol & Evolut, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. EM coleoptera@gmail.com; munroet@si.edu; zoskt@gate.sinica.edu.tw FU National Science Council [NSC 96-2628-B-001-006-MY3, NSC 99-2621-B-001-008-MY3]; Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica. FX This work represents a portion of a collecting activities grant investigating the biodiversity and systematics of deep-sea fishes in Taiwanese waters supported by the National Science Council (NSC 96-2628-B-001-006-MY3 and NSC 99-2621-B-001-008-MY3) and awarded to K.-T. Shao, Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica. We thank H.-M. Yeh, Coastal and Offshore Resource Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, who kindly provided trawl station data from research vessels. H.-C. Ho, P.-F. Lee, Y.-C. Liao and L.-P. Lin assisted with collecting specimens and kindly provided other specimens used in this study. K.-C. Hsu advised M.-Y. Lee regarding molecular aspects of this research study. A. Collins, NSL, kindly provided information and helpful editorial suggestions regarding molecular approaches used in this study. L.-P. Lin and C.-W. Chang assisted with loans and shipments of specimens. M. Nizinski provided assistance and support during M.-Y. Lee's visit to the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. H. Endo, N. Nakayama, and R. Asaoka provided assistance and support during M.-Y. Lee's visit to the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kochi University. They also provided two important fresh specimens of S. orientalis from Japan to help with molecular comparisons. K. Matsuura and G. Shinohara provided loan of Suruga Bay specimens during M.-Y. Lee's visit to the Department of Zoology, National Science Museum. K. Murphy (USNM) assisted with specimen and catalogue information. K. Nakaya, Hokkaido University, provided the photograph of the holotype of S. septemstriatus. K. Vinnikov, University of Hawaii at Manoa, graciously provided translations of Russian literature. L. Willis, NMFS-NSL, assisted with literature. H.-M. Chen provided comments on an early draft of the manuscript. M.-Y. Lee extends his appreciation to all members of the Laboratory of Fish Ecology and Evolution for their support, especially H. Lee for helping to draw the distribution map and assistance during this study. NR 117 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAR 7 PY 2013 VL 3620 IS 3 BP 379 EP 403 PG 25 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 103RS UT WOS:000315937200003 PM 26120714 ER PT J AU Ates, S Agha, I Gulinatti, A Rech, I Badolato, A Srinivasan, K AF Ates, Serkan Agha, Imad Gulinatti, Angelo Rech, Ivan Badolato, Antonio Srinivasan, Kartik TI Improving the performance of bright quantum dot single photon sources using temporal filtering via amplitude modulation SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION; GENERATION; NANOWIRE AB Single epitaxially-grown semiconductor quantum dots have great potential as single photon sources for photonic quantum technologies, though in practice devices often exhibit nonideal behavior. Here, we demonstrate that amplitude modulation can improve the performance of quantum-dot-based sources. Starting with a bright source consisting of a single quantum dot in a fiber-coupled microdisk cavity, we use synchronized amplitude modulation to temporally filter the emitted light. We observe that the single photon purity, temporal overlap between successive emission events, and indistinguishability can be greatly improved with this technique. As this method can be applied to any triggered single photon source, independent of geometry and after device fabrication, it is a flexible approach to improve the performance of systems based on single solid-state quantum emitters, which often suffer from excess dephasing and multi-photon background emission. C1 [Ates, Serkan; Agha, Imad; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ates, Serkan; Agha, Imad] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gulinatti, Angelo; Rech, Ivan] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Elettron & Informaz, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Badolato, Antonio] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Ates, S (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM serkan.ates@nist.gov; kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov RI GULINATTI, ANGELO/F-1335-2010; Ates, Serkan/M-6083-2014; Badolato, Antonio/E-9778-2015; OI GULINATTI, ANGELO/0000-0001-6701-9126; Rech, Ivan/0000-0002-1430-1010 FU University of Maryland; NIST-CNST, Award [70NANB10H193] FX S.A. and I.A. acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and NIST-CNST, Award 70NANB10H193. The authors thank Matthew Rakher for useful discussions and early contributions to this work. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 34 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD MAR 7 PY 2013 VL 3 AR 1397 DI 10.1038/srep01397 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 100RV UT WOS:000315720500002 PM 23466520 ER PT J AU Zhang, JY Bearden, DW Fuhrer, T Xu, LS Fu, WJ Zuo, TM Dorn, HC AF Zhang, Jianyuan Bearden, Daniel W. Fuhrer, Tim Xu, Liaosa Fu, Wujun Zuo, Tianming Dorn, Harry C. TI Enhanced Dipole Moments in Trimetallic Nitride Template Endohedral Metallofullerenes with the Pentalene Motif SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ISOLATED PENTAGON RULE; IPR CARBON CAGE; FULLERENE CAGE; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; MATERIALS SCIENCE; CLUSTER; FAMILY; SIZE; C-70; C-60 AB Although not found to date in empty-cage fullerenes, the fused pentagon motifs (pentalenes) are allowed in endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs). We have found that members of the trimetallic nitride template (TNT) EMF Y3N@C-2n (n = 39-44) family that contain pentalene motifs exhibit significant dipole moments. This finding is predicted to be significant for other EMFs with a metal atom orientated toward the pentalene motif. Chromatographic retention data and computational results for Y3N@C-2-C-78, Y3N@C-2-C-82, and Y3N@C-5-C-84 are examples that pentalene groups lead to a significant induced dipole moment (similar to 1D). A special case is the Y3N@C-2-C-78 that contains two pentalenes in a relatively small cage. The C-13 NMR spectrum for Y3N@C-2-C-78 exhibits strongly deshielded signals for the fullerene cage (155-170 ppm) supporting the presence of the pentalene motif. In addition, a lengthening of the covalent M-N bond in the internal M3N cluster is found for all reported TNT EMFs that contain one or two pentalene motifs. C1 [Zhang, Jianyuan; Fuhrer, Tim; Xu, Liaosa; Fu, Wujun; Zuo, Tianming; Dorn, Harry C.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Bearden, Daniel W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Dorn, Harry C.] Virginia Tech, Caril Res Inst, Roanoke, VA 24016 USA. RP Bearden, DW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM dan.bearden@noaa.gov; hdorn@vt.edu RI Dorn, Harry/K-6830-2013; Zhang, Jianyuan/I-4996-2014 FU National Science Foundation [0938043]; Hollings Marine Laboratory NMR Facility FX We are grateful for the support of this work by the National Science Foundation [0938043] (H.C.D.). D.W.B. and H.C.D. acknowledge the support from the Hollings Marine Laboratory NMR Facility. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 68 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 6 PY 2013 VL 135 IS 9 BP 3351 EP 3354 DI 10.1021/ja312045t PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 103RN UT WOS:000315936700013 PM 23342951 ER PT J AU Clark, JB Glorieux, Q Lett, PD AF Clark, Jeremy B. Glorieux, Quentin Lett, Paul D. TI Spatially addressable readout and erasure of an image in a gradient echo memory SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM MEMORY AB We show that portions of an image written into a gradient echo memory can be individually retrieved or erased on demand, an important step toward processing a spatially multiplexed quantum signal. Targeted retrieval is achieved by locally addressing the transverse plane of the storage medium, a warm Rb-85 vapor, with a far-detuned control beam. Spatially addressable erasure is similarly implemented by imaging a bright beam tuned near the Rb-85 D-1 line in order to scatter photons and induce decoherence. Under our experimental conditions atomic diffusion is shown to impose an upper bound on the effective spatial capacity of the memory. The decoherence induced by the optical eraser is characterized and modeled as the response of a two-level atom in the presence of a strong driving field. C1 [Clark, Jeremy B.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Clark, JB (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeremyc@nist.gov RI Glorieux, Quentin/K-4875-2012 OI Glorieux, Quentin/0000-0003-0903-0233 FU AFSOR; Physics Frontier Center of the Joint Quantum Institute FX This work is supported by the AFSOR and the Physics Frontier Center of the Joint Quantum Institute. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 24 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD MAR 6 PY 2013 VL 15 AR 035005 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/15/3/035005 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 107AM UT WOS:000316187000001 ER PT J AU Thorpe, MJ Leibrandt, DR Rosenband, T AF Thorpe, Michael J. Leibrandt, David R. Rosenband, Till TI Shifts of optical frequency references based on spectral-hole burning in Eu3+:Y2SiO5 SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER STABILIZATION; CLOCKS; CAVITY AB Several properties of Eu3+:Y2SiO5 spectral holes are measured, to assess the suitability of broad-band hole-patterns for use as laser-frequency references. We measure frequency shifts due to magnetic fields, side-features of neighboring spectral holes and changing optical probe power. A precise calibration of a temperature insensitive point is also performed, where the temperature-induced frequency shift is canceled to first order by the pressure-induced shift from the crystal's helium-gas environment. C1 [Thorpe, Michael J.; Leibrandt, David R.; Rosenband, Till] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rosenband, T (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM till.rosenband@nist.gov FU DARPA QuASAR; ONR FX We thank R L Cone, J C Bergquist and D J Wineland for useful discussions, and S Cook and CW Oates for critical readings of this manuscript. This work is supported by DARPA QuASAR and ONR, and is not subject to US copyright. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD MAR 6 PY 2013 VL 15 AR 033006 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/15/3/033006 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 106ZI UT WOS:000316183900001 ER PT J AU Satija, II Pando, CL Tiesinga, E AF Satija, Indubala I. Pando L, Carlos L. Tiesinga, Eite TI Soliton dynamics of an atomic spinor condensate on a ring lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; MIXING DYNAMICS AB We study the dynamics of macroscopically coherent matter waves of an ultracold atomic spin-1 or spinor condensate on a ring lattice of six sites and demonstrate the spatiotemporal internal Josephson effect. Using a discrete solitary mode of uncoupled spin components as an initial condition, the time evolution of this many-body system is found to be characterized by two dominant frequencies leading to quasiperiodic dynamics at various sites. The dynamics of spatially averaged and spin-averaged degrees of freedom, however, is periodic enabling a unique identification of the two frequencies. By increasing the spin-dependent atom-atom interaction strength we observe a resonance state, where the ratio of the two frequencies is a characteristic integer multiple and the spin-and-spatial degrees of freedom oscillate in "unison". Crucially, this resonant state is found to signal the onset of chaotic dynamics characterized by a broadband spectrum. In a ferromagnetic spinor condensate with attractive spin-dependent interactions, the resonance is accompanied by a transition from oscillatory-to rotational-type dynamics as the time evolution of the relative phase of the matter wave of the individual spin projections changes from bounded to unbounded. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.033608 C1 [Satija, Indubala I.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Pando L, Carlos L.] Univ Autonoma Puebla, IFUAP, Puebla 72570, Mexico. [Tiesinga, Eite] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tiesinga, Eite] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Satija, II (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. FU Office of Naval Research; CONACYT- Mexico; US Army Research Office FX This research is supported by Office of Naval Research, the CONACYT- Mexico, and the US Army Research Office. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 6 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 3 AR 033608 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.033608 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 100TT UT WOS:000315727300006 ER PT J AU Xu, JJ Turner, JW Idso, M Biryukov, SV Rognstad, L Gong, H Trainer, VL Wells, ML Strom, MS Yu, QM AF Xu, Jiajie Turner, Jeffrey W. Idso, Matthew Biryukov, Stanley V. Rognstad, Laurel Gong, Heng Trainer, Vera L. Wells, Mark L. Strom, Mark S. Yu, Qiuming TI In Situ Strain-Level Detection and Identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; CELL-ENVELOPE; SERS; BACTERIA; SCATTERING; ARRAYS; DISCRIMINATION; NANOSTRUCTURES; BIOSENSORS AB The outer membrane of a bacterium is composed of chemical and biological components that carry specific molecular information related to strains, growth stages, expressions to stimulation, and maybe even geographic differences. In this work, we demonstrate that the biochemical information embedded in the outer membrane can be used for rapid detection and identification of pathogenic bacteria using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). We used seven different strains of the marine pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus as a model system. The strains represent four genetically distinct clades isolated from clinical and environmental sources in Washington, USA The unique quasi-3D (Q3D) plasmonic nanostructure arrays, optimized using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculations, were used as SERS-active substrates for sensitive and reproducible detection of these bacteria. SERS barcodes were generated on the basis of SERS spectra and were used to successfully detect individual strains in both blind samples and mixtures. The sensing and detection methods developed in this work could have broad applications in the areas of environmental monitoring, biomedical diagnostics, and homeland security. C1 [Xu, Jiajie; Idso, Matthew; Yu, Qiuming] Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Turner, Jeffrey W.; Biryukov, Stanley V.; Trainer, Vera L.; Strom, Mark S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Wells, Mark L.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Xu, Jiajie; Gong, Heng] E China Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Bioreactor Engn, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China. [Rognstad, Laurel] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Strom, MS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM mark.strom@noaa.gov; qyu@u.washington.edu FU University of Washington (UW); National Science Foundation [NSF CBET 1158609]; West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health; NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative; National Marine Fisheries Service; China Scholarship Council FX This work was supported in part by the University of Washington (UW) faculty start-up funds, the National Science Foundation (NSF CBET 1158609), and the West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health, the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative, and National Marine Fisheries Service. J.J.X. acknowledges a fellowship from the China Scholarship Council. Nanofabrication and studies of SERS were performed at the Nanotech User Facility, the UW site of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN) supported by the NSF. L.R. acknowledges the NNIN Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program supported by the NSF. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 106 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 5 PY 2013 VL 85 IS 5 BP 2630 EP 2637 DI 10.1021/ac3021888 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 118NG UT WOS:000317031600014 PM 23356387 ER PT J AU Demoranville, LT Houssiau, L Gillen, G AF Demoranville, Leonard T. Houssiau, Laurent Gillen, Greg TI Behavior and Evaluation of Tetraalkylammonium Bromides as Instrument Test Materials in Thermal Desorption Ion Mobility Spectrometers SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RESOLVING POWER; SPACE-CHARGE; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; CHEMICAL STANDARDS; RESOLUTION; PRESSURE AB Ion mobility spectrometers have found widespread use for the screening of explosives, chemical warfare agents, and illicit drugs. These instruments often rely on drift-time calibrants to perform qualitative identification. Such calibrants are suitable to determine the reduced mobility of compounds, but may not necessarily provide information on instrument performance. These calibrants are often internal and behave in a fashion similar to that of analytes in terms of sensitivity to a variety of instrumental and environmental variations. Ideally, test materials used to evaluate instrument performance would be insensitive to these changes. Current calibrants are sometimes not designed to satisfy these requirements, and although several instrument test materials are also in use, a consensus has not been reached on best practices. A homologous series of tetraalkylammonium salts has been proposed as one alternative instrumental test material set and has been successfully used for electrospray ion mobility spectrometry (IMS)-MS experiments. This study extends these analyses to thermal desorption IMS instruments. The reduced mobility (K-0) values for these compounds, measured on a thermal desorption IMS instrument, are reported and are similar to those reported for electrospray IMS. The variability of daily instrument response to these compounds is small, further supporting their use as test materials. The ionization behavior and thermal profile of the compounds in the thermal desorption process are discussed. C1 [Demoranville, Leonard T.; Gillen, Greg] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Houssiau, Laurent] Univ Namur FUNDP, Res Ctr Phys Matter & Radiat PMR, Dept Phys, B-5000 Namur, Belgium. RP Demoranville, LT (reprint author), Ctr Coll Danville, 600 W Walnut St, Danville, KY 40422 USA. EM leonard.demoranville@centre.edu FU National Research Council FX We thank Drs. R. De Bono and H. Zaleski for helpful conversations and information. L.T.D. recognizes the National Research Council for funding his postdoctoral fellowship. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to adequately specify the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation nor endorsement of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified is necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 5 PY 2013 VL 85 IS 5 BP 2652 EP 2658 DI 10.1021/ac302944m PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 118NG UT WOS:000317031600017 PM 23347209 ER PT J AU Madigan, DJ Baumann, Z Snodgrass, OE Ergul, HA Dewar, H Fisher, NS AF Madigan, Daniel J. Baumann, Zofia Snodgrass, Owyn E. Erguel, Halim A. Dewar, Heidi Fisher, Nicholas S. TI Radiocesium in Pacific Bluefin Tuna Thunnus orientalis in 2012 Validates New Tracer Technique SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUKUSHIMA-DERIVED RADIONUCLIDES; OCEAN; JAPAN; ELASMOBRANCH; MOVEMENTS; MIGRATION; ACCIDENT; ALBACORE; BEHAVIOR; TELEOST AB The detection of Fukushima-derived radionuclides in Pacific bluefin tuna (PBFT) that crossed the Pacific Ocean to the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME) in 2011 presented the potential to use radiocesium as a tracer in highly migratory species. This tracer requires that all western Pacific Ocean emigrants acquire the Cs-134 signal, a radioisotope undetectable in Pacific biota prior to the Fukushima accident in 2011. We tested the efficacy of the radiocesium tracer by measuring Cs-134 and Cs-137 in PBFT (n = 50) caught in the CCLME in 2012, more than a year after the Fukushima accident. All small PBFT (n = 28; recent migrants from Japan) had Cs-134 (0.7 +/- 0.2 Bq kg(-1)) and elevated Cs-137 (2.0 +/- 0.5 Bq kg(-1)) in their white muscle tissue. Most larger, older fish (n = 22) had no Cs-134 and only background levels of Cs-137, showing that one year in the CCLME is sufficient for Cs-134 and Cs-137 values in PBFT to reach pre-Fukushima levels. Radiocesium concentrations in 2012 PBFT were less than half those from 2011 and well below safety guidelines for public health. Detection of Cs-134 in all recent migrant PBFT supports the use of radiocesium as a tracer in migratory animals in 2012. C1 [Madigan, Daniel J.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Baumann, Zofia; Fisher, Nicholas S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Snodgrass, Owyn E.; Dewar, Heidi] NOAA, Fisheries Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Erguel, Halim A.] Kocaeli Univ, Dept Biol, TR-41300 Izmit, Kocaeli, Turkey. RP Madigan, DJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, 120 Ocean View Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM dmadigan@stanford.edu FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NOAA FX We thank Cheng-Shiuan Lee and Shelagh Zegers for laboratory assistance, Masatoshi Sugeno for Japanese translation of articles, and Shin-ichi Ito and Motoyoshi Ikeda for assistance with interpretation of Japanese PBFT data. This research was supported by grants from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and NOAA. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 5 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 5 BP 2287 EP 2294 DI 10.1021/es4002423 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 102KT UT WOS:000315844200020 PM 23398380 ER PT J AU Raatikainen, T Nenes, A Seinfeld, JH Morales, R Moore, RH Lathem, TL Lance, S Padro, LT Lin, JJ Cerully, KM Bougiatioti, A Cozic, J Ruehl, CR Chuang, PY Anderson, BE Flagan, RC Jonsson, H Mihalopoulos, N Smith, JN AF Raatikainen, Tomi Nenes, Athanasios Seinfeld, John H. Morales, Ricardo Moore, Richard H. Lathem, Terry L. Lance, Sara Padro, Luz T. Lin, Jack J. Cerully, Kate M. Bougiatioti, Aikaterini Cozic, Julie Ruehl, Christopher R. Chuang, Patrick Y. Anderson, Bruce E. Flagan, Richard C. Jonsson, Haflidi Mihalopoulos, Nikos Smith, James N. TI Worldwide data sets constrain the water vapor uptake coefficient in cloud formation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE global climate; hydrological cycle; precipitation ID DROPLET GROWTH-KINETICS; SIZE-RESOLVED CCN; ACTIVATION KINETICS; CLIMATE MODELS; AEROSOL; HYGROSCOPICITY; CONDENSATION; GASES; ENVIRONMENT; EMISSIONS AB Cloud droplet formation depends on the condensation of water vapor on ambient aerosols, the rate of which is strongly affected by the kinetics of water uptake as expressed by the condensation (or mass accommodation) coefficient, alpha(c). Estimates of alpha(c) for droplet growth from activation of ambient particles vary considerably and represent a critical source of uncertainty in estimates of global cloud droplet distributions and the aerosol indirect forcing of climate. We present an analysis of 10 globally relevant data sets of cloud condensation nuclei to constrain the value of alpha(c) for ambient aerosol. We find that rapid activation kinetics (alpha(c) > 0.1) is uniformly prevalent. This finding resolves a long-standing issue in cloud physics, as the uncertainty in water vapor accommodation on droplets is considerably less than previously thought. C1 [Raatikainen, Tomi; Nenes, Athanasios; Morales, Ricardo; Moore, Richard H.; Lathem, Terry L.; Lance, Sara; Padro, Luz T.; Lin, Jack J.; Cerully, Kate M.; Bougiatioti, Aikaterini] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Raatikainen, Tomi] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Nenes, Athanasios; Mihalopoulos, Nikos] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Chem Engn & High Temp Chem Proc, Patras 71110, Greece. [Seinfeld, John H.; Moore, Richard H.; Flagan, Richard C.] CALTECH, Pasadenda, CA 91106 USA. [Moore, Richard H.; Anderson, Bruce E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Lance, Sara; Smith, James N.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lance, Sara] SPEC Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Padro, Luz T.] Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Bougiatioti, Aikaterini; Mihalopoulos, Nikos] Univ Crete, Dept Chem, Iraklion 71003, Greece. [Cozic, Julie] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cozic, Julie] Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. [Ruehl, Christopher R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chuang, Patrick Y.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Jonsson, Haflidi] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Smith, James N.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Appl Phys, Kuopio 70210, Finland. RP Nenes, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM athanasios.nenes@gatech.edu RI Smith, James/C-5614-2008; Moore, Richard/E-9653-2010; Raatikainen, Tomi/C-5410-2014; Morales Betancourt, Ricardo/A-3827-2016; Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos/H-5327-2016 OI Smith, James/0000-0003-4677-8224; Morales Betancourt, Ricardo/0000-0002-5475-8605; Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos/0000-0002-1282-0896 FU Georgia Tech President's fellowship; National Center for Atmospheric Research Advanced Study Program Graduate Fellowship; NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program; Department of Energy Global Change Education Fellowship; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship; NASA postdoctoral fellowship; NASA Earth System Science fellowship; National Science Foundation (NSF) fellowship; Georgia Tech institutional fellowship; DOE grant; Electric Power Research Institute; NSF Faculty Early Career Development award; NOAA grants; NASA grants FX We thank Dr. Xiaohong Liu for advice on using the CAM 5.1 and for providing computer time for the simulations. We also thank all those who contributed to the measurement campaigns; Charles Brock from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory; and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Aerosol Research Group Experiment for supporting aerosol measurements during Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites. T. R. thanks the Finnish Cultural Foundation; S. L. and J.J.L. acknowledge the support of a Georgia Tech President's fellowship and an National Center for Atmospheric Research Advanced Study Program Graduate Fellowship; and J.J.L. thanks the NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program for funding. R. H. M. acknowledges support from a Department of Energy Global Change Education Fellowship, a NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship, and a NASA postdoctoral fellowship. L. T. P. received funding from a NASA Earth System Science fellowship. T. L. L. acknowledges support from a National Science Foundation (NSF) fellowship and a Georgia Tech institutional fellowship. Funding from a DOE grant (to A.N.), the Electric Power Research Institute, an NSF Faculty Early Career Development award (to A.N.), NOAA grants (to J.H.S. and A.N.), and NASA grants (to A.N.) is acknowledged. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 52 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 5 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 10 BP 3760 EP 3764 DI 10.1073/pnas.1219591110 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 109OH UT WOS:000316377400030 PM 23431189 ER PT J AU Safronova, UI Safronova, MS AF Safronova, U. I. Safronova, M. S. TI Critically evaluated theoretical atomic properties of Y III SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MANY-BODY CALCULATIONS; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; ISOELECTRONIC-SEQUENCES; IONS; POLARIZATION; ENERGIES; DIPOLE; SERIES; STATES; SHIFT AB A systematic study of Y III atomic properties is carried out using high-precision relativistic all-order method. Recommended values and estimates of their uncertainties are provided for a large number of electric-dipole reduced matrix elements, transition rates, and oscillator strengths for allowed transitions between ns, np(j), nd(j), nf(j), and ng(j) levels with n <= 8. The lifetimes of these levels are also evaluated. Electric-quadrupole and magnetic-dipole matrix elements are calculated to determine lifetimes of the 4d(5/2) and 5s metastable levels. The ground-state E1, E2, and E3 static polarizabilities are calculated. This work provides recommended values critically evaluated for their accuracy for a number of Y III atomic properties for use in theoretical modeling as well as planning and analysis of various experiments. We hope that the present study will stimulate further exploration of Y III for various applications owing to its interesting structure of different low-lying metastable levels. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.032501 C1 [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Sharp Lab 217, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Safronova, UI (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. FU NSF [PHY-1068699] FX The work of M.S.S. was supported in part by the NSF Grant No. PHY-1068699. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 5 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 3 AR 032501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.032501 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 100TQ UT WOS:000315726900002 ER PT J AU Tuttle, BT Anderson, SJ Sutton, PC Elvidge, CD Baugh, K AF Tuttle, Benjamin T. Anderson, Sharolyn J. Sutton, Paul C. Elvidge, Christopher D. Baugh, Kim TI It Used To Be Dark Here: Geolocation Calibration of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-DENSITY; CITY LIGHTS; IMAGERY; AREAS AB Nighttime satellite imagery from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS) has a unique capability to observe nocturnal light emissions from sources including cities, wild fires, and gas flares. Data from the DMSP OLS is used in a wide range of studies including mapping urban areas, estimating informal economies, and estimations of population. Given the extensive and increasing list of applications a repeatable method for assessing geolocadon accuracy would be beneficial. An array of portable lights was designed and taken to multiple field sites known to have no other light sources. The lights were operated during night-time overpasses by the DMSP OLS and observed in the imagery. An assessment of the geolocation accuracy was performed by measuring the distance between the GPS measured location of the lights and the observed location in the imagery. A systematic shift was observed and the mean distance was measured at 2.9 km. C1 [Tuttle, Benjamin T.; Sutton, Paul C.] Univ Denver, Dept Geog, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Anderson, Sharolyn J.] Univ S Australia, Sch Nat & Built Environm, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia. [Anderson, Sharolyn J.] Univ S Australia, Barbara Hardy Inst, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia. [Sutton, Paul C.] Univ S Australia, Barbara Hardy Inst, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Sutton, Paul C.] Univ S Australia, Sch Nat & Built Environm, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Baugh, Kim] Univ Colorado, Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Tuttle, BT (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Geog, 2199 SUniv Blvd, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM bentuttle.du@gmail.com RI Anderson, Sharolyn/F-4653-2013; OI Anderson, Sharolyn/0000-0002-9456-0193; Sutton, Paul/0000-0001-6972-3256 FU NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship; ASPRS Rocky Mountain Region Scholarship; Colorado Division of Wildlife; National Forest Service; Air Force Weather Agency FX This research was funded in part by and NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship and an ASPRS Rocky Mountain Region Scholarship. The authors wish to thank all the individuals at the Colorado Division of Wildlife and the National Forest Service who helped to organize access to the field sites as well as the Air Force Weather Agency for their support. Additionally, thank you to all the individuals who assisted in the various field expeditions. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 79 IS 3 BP 287 EP 297 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 295BU UT WOS:000330092400007 ER PT J AU Chupp, TE Cooper, RL Coulter, KP Freedman, SJ Fujikawa, BK Jones, GL Garcia, A Mumm, HP Nico, JS Thompson, AK Trull, C Wietfeldt, FE Wilkerson, JF AF Chupp, T. E. Cooper, R. L. Coulter, K. P. Freedman, S. J. Fujikawa, B. K. Jones, G. L. Garcia, A. Mumm, H. P. Nico, J. S. Thompson, A. K. Trull, C. Wietfeldt, F. E. Wilkerson, J. F. CA emiT II Collaboration TI Time reversal and the neutron Results of the emiT II experiment SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Symmetries in Subatomic Physics (SSP) CY JUN 18-22, 2012 CL Groningen, NETHERLANDS DE Time-reversal invariance; Neutron decay; Beta decay ID BETA-DECAY; ELECTROMAGNETIC SIMULATION; T-VIOLATION; INVARIANCE; NUCLEAR; HE-3; ODD AB We have measured the triple correlation with a polarized cold-neutron beam (Mumm et al., Phys Rev Lett 107:102301, 2011; Chupp et al., Phys Rev C 86:035505, 2012). A non-zero value of D can arise due to parity-even-time-reversal-odd interactions that imply CP violation. Final-state effects also contribute to D at the level of 10 (-aEuro parts per thousand 5) and can be calculated with precision of 1 % or better. The D coefficient is uniquely sensitive to the imaginary part of the ratio of axial-vector and vector beta-decay amplitudes as well as to scalar and tensor interactions that could arise due to beyond-Standard-Model physics. Over 300 million proton-electron coincidence events were used in a blind analysis with the result D = [ -aEuro parts per thousand 0.94 +/- 1.89 (stat)+/- 0.97(sys)]x10 (-aEuro parts per thousand 4). Assuming only vector and axial vector interactions in beta decay, our result can be interpreted as a measure of the phase of the axial-vector coupling relative to the vector coupling, . This result also improves constrains on certain non-VA interactions. C1 [Chupp, T. E.; Cooper, R. L.; Coulter, K. P.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Freedman, S. J.; Fujikawa, B. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Freedman, S. J.; Fujikawa, B. K.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jones, G. L.] Hamilton Coll, Hamilton, NY 13323 USA. [Garcia, A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mumm, H. P.; Nico, J. S.; Thompson, A. K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Trull, C.; Wietfeldt, F. E.] Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Wilkerson, J. F.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Wilkerson, J. F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chupp, TE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM chupp@umich.edu OI Wilkerson, John/0000-0002-0342-0217; Garcia, Alejandro/0000-0001-6056-6645 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 214 IS 1-3 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1007/s10751-013-0776-y PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 112CB UT WOS:000316568300013 ER PT J AU Aubin, S Behr, JA Collister, R Flambaum, VV Gomez, E Gwinner, G Jackson, KP Melconian, D Orozco, LA Pearson, MR Sheng, D Sprouse, GD Tandecki, M Zhang, J Zhao, Y AF Aubin, S. Behr, J. A. Collister, R. Flambaum, V. V. Gomez, E. Gwinner, G. Jackson, K. P. Melconian, D. Orozco, L. A. Pearson, M. R. Sheng, D. Sprouse, G. D. Tandecki, M. Zhang, J. Zhao, Y. TI Atomic parity non-conservation: the francium anapole project of the FrPNC collaboration at TRIUMF SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Symmetries in Subatomic Physics (SSP) CY JUN 18-22, 2012 CL Groningen, NETHERLANDS DE Atomic parity non-conservation; Francium; Weak interactions ID WEAK NEUTRAL CURRENTS; HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENT; OPTICAL-ROTATION; FUNDAMENTAL SYMMETRIES; TRAPPED FRANCIUM; VIOLATION; PHYSICS; MOMENT; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION AB We present a method for measuring the nuclear anapole in a string of francium isotopes. The anapole is a parity non-conserving electromagnetic moment that enables parity-forbidden transitions between ground state hyperfine levels of an atom. The experiment is run by the FrPNC collaboration and relies on a beam of artificially-produced francium from the ISAC facility at TRIUMF. C1 [Aubin, S.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23197 USA. [Behr, J. A.; Jackson, K. P.; Pearson, M. R.; Tandecki, M.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Flambaum, V. V.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Gomez, E.] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Inst Fis, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico. [Collister, R.; Gwinner, G.; Tandecki, M.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Melconian, D.] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Orozco, L. A.; Sheng, D.; Zhang, J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, JQI, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Orozco, L. A.; Sheng, D.; Zhang, J.] Univ Maryland, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sprouse, G. D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Zhao, Y.] Shanxi Univ, State Key Lab Quantum Opt & Quantum Opt Devices, Taijuan 030006, Peoples R China. RP Orozco, LA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, JQI, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM lorozco@umd.edu RI Sheng, Dong/J-6640-2014; Melconian, Dan/A-1331-2011 OI Melconian, Dan/0000-0002-0142-5428 NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 214 IS 1-3 BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.1007/s10751-013-0797-6 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 112CB UT WOS:000316568300022 ER PT J AU Birbari, W Bunning, VK Dessai, U Dole, R Engeljohn, D Garrett, S Glass, K Golden, D Grooters, SV Hardin, M Hoover, D Johnson, L Knabel, S Natrajan, N Ruple, A Tauxe, R Whitaker, R Zink, D AF Birbari, Wafa Bunning, V. Kelly Dessai, Uday Dole, Robert Engeljohn, Daniel Garrett, Spencer Glass, Kathleen Golden, David Grooters, Susan Vaughn Hardin, Margaret Hoover, Dallas Johnson, Lee Knabel, Stephen Natrajan, Nandini Ruple, Angela Tauxe, Robert Whitaker, Robert Zink, Donald CA Natl Advisory Comm Microbiol TI Expedited Response to the Questions Posed by the United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Marketing Service To Support Ground Beef Purchase for the Federal Food and Nutrition Assistance Programs SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; MEAT; POULTRY C1 [Glass, Kathleen] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Golden, David] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hoover, Dallas] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Knabel, Stephen] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ruple, Angela] US Dept Commerce, Natl Seafood Inspect Lab, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Tauxe, Robert] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Zink, Donald] US FDA, US Dept HHS, CFSAN, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 76 IS 3 BP 523 EP 537 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-453 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 240EV UT WOS:000326078600020 ER PT J AU Leibfried, D AF Leibfried, Dietrich TI Revisiting Riccioli's free-fall calculations SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Leibfried, D (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA. EM dil@boulder.nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 EI 1945-0699 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD MAR PY 2013 VL 66 IS 3 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 246LA UT WOS:000326538200002 ER PT J AU Reader, J Clark, CW AF Reader, Joseph Clark, Charles W. TI 1932 A watershed year in nuclear physics SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article C1 [Reader, Joseph] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD USA. [Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Reader, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 EI 1945-0699 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD MAR PY 2013 VL 66 IS 3 BP 44 EP 49 DI 10.1063/PT.3.1917 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 246LA UT WOS:000326538200017 ER PT J AU Wiederhorn, SM Fett, T Rizzi, G Hoffmann, MJ Guin, JP AF Wiederhorn, Sheldon M. Fett, Theo Rizzi, Gabriele Hoffmann, Michael J. Guin, Jean-Pierre TI The effect of water penetration on crack growth in silica glass SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Diffusion; Shielding; Silica; Swelling; Subcritical crack growth ID DRILLED COMPRESSION SPECIMEN; BRITTLE MATERIALS; STRESS-CORROSION; VITREOUS SILICA; STATIC FATIGUE; FUSED-SILICA; TEMPERATURE; RESISTANCE; DIFFUSION; CERAMICS AB Due to the high stresses at crack tips, stress-enhanced water diffusion into silica occurs and gives rise to a volume expansion zone around the tip. This zone leads to a fracture mechanics shielding effect. In the present paper, the diffusion equation for water into glass is solved in cylindrical coordinates including the effect of the mechanical swelling stresses on the diffusivity. As an application of the volume swelling in the crack-tip region, the shielding stress intensity factor is calculated and the relation between subcritical crack growth rate and the crack tip stress intensity factor is derived from an existing crack growth rate versus applied stress intensity factor curve. The general mathematical procedure is outlined in detail and experimental results are discussed, giving evidence for crack-tip diffusion of water and a consequent zone of swelling around the crack tip. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wiederhorn, Sheldon M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fett, Theo; Rizzi, Gabriele; Hoffmann, Michael J.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Appl Mat, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Guin, Jean-Pierre] Univ Rennes 1, LARMAUR ERL CNRS 6274, Rennes, France. RP Fett, T (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Appl Mat, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM theo.fett@ikm.uni-karlsruhe.de RI guin, jean-pierre/A-5969-2009 OI guin, jean-pierre/0000-0003-2480-5893 NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 100 SI SI BP 3 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2012.04.026 PG 14 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 229BR UT WOS:000325237300002 ER PT J AU Bi, DH Dix, M Marsland, SJ O'Farrell, S Rashid, HA Uotila, P Hirst, AC Kowalczyk, E Golebiewski, M Sullivan, A Yan, HL Hannah, N Franklin, C Sun, ZA Vohralik, P Watterson, I Zhou, XB Fiedler, R Collier, M Ma, YM Noonan, J Stevens, L Uhe, P Zhu, HY Griffies, SM Hill, R Harris, C Puri, K AF Bi, Daohua Dix, Martin Marsland, Simon J. O'Farrell, Siobhan Rashid, Harun A. Uotila, Petteri Hirst, Anthony C. Kowalczyk, Eva Golebiewski, Maciej Sullivan, Arnold Yan, Hailin Hannah, Nicholas Franklin, Charmaine Sun, Zhian Vohralik, Peter Watterson, Ian Zhou, Xiaobing Fiedler, Russell Collier, Mark Ma, Yimin Noonan, Julie Stevens, Lauren Uhe, Peter Zhu, Hongyan Griffies, Stephen M. Hill, Richard Harris, Chris Puri, Kamal TI The ACCESS coupled model: description, control climate and evaluation SO AUSTRALIAN METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OFFICE UNIFIED MODEL; OCEAN CIRCULATION MODELS; CONVECTIVE MOMENTUM TRANSPORT; SEA-ICE; PART I; SCHEME DESCRIPTION; CLOUD FRACTION; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATION; REPRESENTATION AB The Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator coupled model (ACCESS-CM) has been developed at the Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research (CAWCR), a partnership between CSIRO1 and the Bureau of Meteorology. It is built by coupling the UK Met Office atmospheric unified model (UM), and other sub-models as required, to the ACCESS ocean model, which consists of the NOAA/GFDL(2) ocean model MOM4p1 and the LANL(3) sea-ice model CICE4.1, under the CERFACS(4) OASIS3.2-5 coupling framework. The primary goal of the ACCESS-CM development is to provide the Australian climate community with a new generation fully coupled climate model for climate research, and to participate in phase five of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP5). This paper describes the ACCESS-CM framework and components, and presents the control climates from two versions of the ACCESS-CM, ACCESS1.0 and ACCESS1.3, together with some fields from the 20th century historical experiments, as part of model evaluation. While sharing the same ocean sea-ice model (except different setups for a few parameters), ACCESS1.0 and ACCESS1.3 differ from each other in their atmospheric and land surface components: the former is configured with the UK Met Office HadGEM2 (r1.1) atmospheric physics and the Met Office Surface Exchange Scheme land surface model version 2, and the latter with atmospheric physics similar to the UK Met Office Global Atmosphere 1.0 including modifications performed at CAWCR and the CSIRO Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange land surface model version 1.8. The global average annual mean surface air temperature across the 500-year preindustrial control integrations show a warming drift of 0.35 degrees C in ACCESS1.0 and 0.04 degrees C in ACCESS1.3. The overall skills of ACCESS-CM in simulating a set of key climatic fields both globally and over Australia significantly surpass those from the preceding CSIRO Mk3.5 model delivered to the previous coupled model inter-comparison. However, ACCESS-CM, like other CMIP5 models, has deficiencies in various aspects, and these are also discussed. C1 [Bi, Daohua; Dix, Martin; Marsland, Simon J.; O'Farrell, Siobhan; Rashid, Harun A.; Uotila, Petteri; Hirst, Anthony C.; Kowalczyk, Eva; Sullivan, Arnold; Yan, Hailin; Hannah, Nicholas; Franklin, Charmaine; Watterson, Ian; Collier, Mark; Noonan, Julie; Stevens, Lauren; Uhe, Peter] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, CAWCR, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Sun, Zhian; Zhou, Xiaobing; Ma, Yimin; Zhu, Hongyan; Puri, Kamal] Bur Meteorol, CAWCR, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Vohralik, Peter] CSIRO Mat Sci & Engn, Lindfield, NSW, Australia. [Fiedler, Russell] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, CAWCR, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Golebiewski, Maciej] CSIRO, High Performance Comp & Commun Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Griffies, Stephen M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hill, Richard; Harris, Chris] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Bi, DH (reprint author), CSIRO, Wembley, WA, Australia. EM dave.bi@csiro.au RI Marsland, Simon/A-1453-2012; Rashid, Harun/D-9027-2012; Franklin, Charmaine/C-9278-2012; Dix, Martin/A-2334-2012; Collier, Mark/D-2663-2013; Hirst, Anthony/N-1041-2014; Watterson, Ian/A-1690-2012; Uotila, Petteri/A-1703-2012; Bi, Daohua/O-4508-2015; Stevens, Lauren/I-4183-2016 OI Marsland, Simon/0000-0002-5664-5276; Dix, Martin/0000-0002-7534-0654; Collier, Mark/0000-0003-1391-9473; Uotila, Petteri/0000-0002-2939-7561; FU Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency; Bureau of Meteorology; CSIRO FX This work has been undertaken as part of the Australian Climate Change Science Program, funded jointly by the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, the Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO. The computation for this work was performed at the NCI National Facility at the Australian National University, and we particularly thank Dr Ben Evans and the other NCI staff members for their support. We further thank Cath Senior, Chris Gordon and Gill Martin of the Met Office for helpful discussions during the course of this work, and Gill Martin and Charline Marzin for HadGEM and proto-HadGEM3 model output fields useful for comparison and benchmarking. We thank Leon Rotstayn for his comments on a pre-submission draft. We finally thank other members of CAWCR and the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science who have contributed their views and encouragement during the course of this work. NR 112 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 37 PU AUSTRALIAN BUREAU METEOROLOGY PI MELBOURNE PA GPO BOX 1289, MELBOURNE, VIC 3001, AUSTRALIA SN 1836-716X J9 AUST METEOROL OCEAN JI Aust. Meteorol. Oceanogr. J. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 63 IS 1 BP 41 EP 64 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 183NF UT WOS:000321822100004 ER PT J AU Marsland, SJ Bi, D Uotila, P Fiedler, R Griffies, SM Lorbacher, K O'Farrell, S Sullivan, A Uhe, P Zhou, X Hirst, AC AF Marsland, S. J. Bi, D. Uotila, P. Fiedler, R. Griffies, S. M. Lorbacher, K. O'Farrell, S. Sullivan, A. Uhe, P. Zhou, X. Hirst, A. C. TI Evaluation of ACCESS climate model ocean diagnostics in CMIP5 simulations SO AUSTRALIAN METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; SEA-LEVEL RISE; FRESH-WATER; INTERANNUAL CHANGES; BERING STRAIT; ICE; VARIABILITY; GENERATION; TRANSPORT; COMPONENT AB Global and regional diagnostics are used to evaluate the ocean performance of the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator coupled model (ACCESS-CM) contributions to the Climate Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5). Two versions of ACCESS-CM have been submitted to CMIP; namely CSIRO-BOM ACCESS1.0 and CSIRO-BOM ACCESS1.3. Results from six of the core CMIP5 experiments (piControl, historical, rcp45, rcp85, 1pctCO2, and abrup-t4xCO2) are evaluated for each of the two ACCESS-CM model versions. Overall, both model versions exhibit a reasonable and stable representation of key diagnostics of ocean climate performance in the pre-industrial control simulations, including a meridional overturning circulation with North Atlantic Deep Water maxima in the range 22-24 Sv, and a poleward heat transport maximum of around 1.5 PW. For the projected climate change scenarios considered the ACCESS-CM results are in reasonable agreement with responses found in other CMIP models, with the familiar ocean warming, and reduction in strength of meridional overturning and poleward heat transport. Drifts in the control simulations of both global ocean salinity and global sea-level are opposite in sign for ACCESS1.0 and ACCESS1.3, suggesting problems exist in the closure of the hydrological cycle. The simulation of ocean climate change over the historical period shows a weak response compared to observations, which manifests as a late response of ocean warming and sea level rise starting around 1990 in the model, compared to the mid 1960s in observations. Further historical simulations are underway to ascertain if this late response in ACCESS is a robust model feature, or just low frequency variability. If the weak response over the historical period proves robust, the likely cause is a too strong cooling from atmospheric aerosols. Broadening the set of experiments to further investigate the relative warming response of the ACCESS-CM to greenhouse gases compared to the cooling response to aerosols is underway, and preliminary results do suggest that the cooling due to aerosols is strong in the historical simulations. C1 [Marsland, S. J.; Bi, D.; Lorbacher, K.; O'Farrell, S.; Sullivan, A.; Uhe, P.; Hirst, A. C.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Uotila, P.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Griffies, S. M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Ctr Australian Weather & Climate, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Marsland, SJ (reprint author), CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Private Bag 1, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. EM simon.marsland@csiro.au RI Marsland, Simon/A-1453-2012; Hirst, Anthony/N-1041-2014; Uotila, Petteri/A-1703-2012; Bi, Daohua/O-4508-2015 OI Marsland, Simon/0000-0002-5664-5276; Uotila, Petteri/0000-0002-2939-7561; FU Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency; Bureau of Meteorology; CSIRO; NCI National Facility at the ANU FX This work has been undertaken as part of the Australian Climate Change Science Program, funded jointly by the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, the Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO. This work was supported by the NCI National Facility at the ANU. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the ACCESS climate modeling group for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. We are grateful to Alex Sen Gupta for his very helpful reviews of this work. NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU AUSTRALIAN BUREAU METEOROLOGY PI MELBOURNE PA GPO BOX 1289, MELBOURNE, VIC 3001, AUSTRALIA SN 1836-716X J9 AUST METEOROL OCEAN JI Aust. Meteorol. Oceanogr. J. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 63 IS 1 BP 101 EP 119 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 183NF UT WOS:000321822100007 ER PT J AU Bi, DH Marsland, SJ Uotila, P O'Farrell, S Fiedler, R Sullivan, A Griffies, SM Zhou, XB Hirst, AC AF Bi, Daohua Marsland, Simon J. Uotila, Petteri O'Farrell, Siobhan Fiedler, Russell Sullivan, Arnold Griffies, Stephen M. Zhou, Xiaobing Hirst, Anthony C. TI ACCESS-OM: the ocean and sea-ice core of the ACCESS coupled model SO AUSTRALIAN METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; CIRCULATION MODELS; HYDROGRAPHIC DATA; NUMERICAL-MODEL; TRANSPORT; WATER; REPRESENTATION; TOPOGRAPHY; PARAMETERIZATION; ATLANTIC AB The Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator Ocean Model (ACCESS-OM), a global coupled ocean and sea-ice model, has been developed at the Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research1. It is aimed to serve the Australian climate sciences community, including the Bureau of Meteorology, CSIRO2 and Australian universities, for ocean climate research. ACCESS-OM comprises the NOAA/GFDL(3) Modular Ocean Model version 4p1; the LANL(4) Seaice Model version 4.1, a data atmospheric model; and the CERFACS5 OASIS3.25 coupler, which constrains data exchange between the sub-models. ACCESS-OM has been functioning as the ocean and sea-ice coupling core of the ACCESS coupled model, one of the Australian models participating in the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase 5. This paper describes the ACCESS-OM sub-models, coupler, coupling strategy and framework. A selection of key metrics from an ACCESS-OM benchmark simulation, which has run for 500 years using the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments normal year forcing, is presented and compared with observations to evaluate the model performance. It shows ACCESS-OM simulates the global ocean and sea-ice climate generally comparably to the results from other ocean sea-ice models of the same class (Griffies et al. 2009). For example, the global ocean volume-averaged temperature undergoes minor evolution. The maximum transport of North Atlantic overturning circulation is 18.5 Sv and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current transport through Drake Passage is 150 Sv, both in fair agreement with the observations; and the sea-ice coverage has reasonable distribution and annual cycle. Measured against other ocean sea-ice models and observations, ACCESS-OM is an appropriate tool for Australia's future ocean climate modelling efforts. C1 [Bi, Daohua; Marsland, Simon J.; Uotila, Petteri; O'Farrell, Siobhan; Sullivan, Arnold; Hirst, Anthony C.] CAWCR CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Fiedler, Russell] CAWCR CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Griffies, Stephen M.] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Zhou, Xiaobing] CAWCR Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Australia. EM dave.bi@csiro.au RI Marsland, Simon/A-1453-2012; Hirst, Anthony/N-1041-2014; Uotila, Petteri/A-1703-2012; Bi, Daohua/O-4508-2015 OI Marsland, Simon/0000-0002-5664-5276; Uotila, Petteri/0000-0002-2939-7561; FU Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency; Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO; NCI National Facility at the ANU FX This work has been undertaken as part of the Australian Climate Change Science Program, funded jointly by the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, the Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO. This work was supported by the NCI National Facility at the ANU. NR 58 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AUSTRALIAN BUREAU METEOROLOGY PI MELBOURNE PA GPO BOX 1289, MELBOURNE, VIC 3001, AUSTRALIA SN 1836-716X J9 AUST METEOROL OCEAN JI Aust. Meteorol. Oceanogr. J. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 63 IS 1 BP 213 EP 232 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 183NF UT WOS:000321822100014 ER PT J AU Coddington, O Pilewskie, P Schmidt, KS McBride, PJ Vukicevic, T AF Coddington, Odele Pilewskie, Peter Schmidt, K. Sebastian McBride, Patrick J. Vukicevic, Tomislava TI Characterizing a New Surface-Based Shortwave Cloud Retrieval Technique, Based on Transmitted Radiance for Soil and Vegetated Surface Types SO ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE radiation: transmission and scattering; remote sensing; clouds and aerosols; Shannon information content ID MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTY RETRIEVALS; OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT; INFORMATION-CONTENT; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; GLOBAL OCEANS; ALBEDO; REFLECTANCE; SCATTERING; ALGORITHM AB This paper presents an approach using the GEneralized Nonlinear Retrieval Analysis (GENRA) tool and general inverse theory diagnostics including the maximum likelihood solution and the Shannon information content to investigate the performance of a new spectral technique for the retrieval of cloud optical properties from surface based transmittance measurements. The cumulative retrieval information over broad ranges in cloud optical thickness (tau), droplet effective radius (r(e)), and overhead sun angles is quantified under two conditions known to impact transmitted radiation; the variability in land surface albedo and atmospheric water vapor content. Our conclusions are: (1) the retrieved cloud properties are more sensitive to the natural variability in land surface albedo than to water vapor content; (2) the new spectral technique is more accurate (but still imprecise) than a standard approach, in particular for tau between 5 and 60 and r(e) less than approximately 20 mu m; and (3) the retrieved cloud properties are dependent on sun angle for clouds of tau from 5 to 10 and r(e) < 10 mu m, with maximum sensitivity obtained for an overhead sun. C1 [Coddington, Odele; Pilewskie, Peter; Schmidt, K. Sebastian] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Pilewskie, Peter] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McBride, Patrick J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Vukicevic, Tomislava] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Coddington, O (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, 3665 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM odele.coddington@lasp.colorado.edu; peter.pilewskie@lasp.colorado.edu; sebastian.schmidt@lasp.colorado.edu; patrick.mcbride@nasa.gov; tomislava.vukicevic@noaa.gov RI Vukicevic, Tomislava/B-1386-2014; Coddington, Odele/F-6342-2012; Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015; SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/C-1258-2013 OI Coddington, Odele/0000-0002-4338-7028; SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/0000-0003-3899-228X FU NASA [NNX08AI83G, NNX11AK67G] FX We gratefully acknowledge Shi Song for assistance in compiling the forward modeling results and Bruce Kindel for computing the linear mixtures of soil and vegetated surface reflectance spectra. This work was accomplished under NASA grant numbers NNX08AI83G and NNX11AK67G. We would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments, which improved this manuscript. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4433 J9 ATMOSPHERE-BASEL JI Atmosphere PD MAR PY 2013 VL 4 IS 1 BP 48 EP 71 DI 10.3390/atmos4010048 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 175RH UT WOS:000321249000004 ER PT J AU Wilson, C Villareal, TA Brzezinski, MA Krause, JW Shcherbina, AY AF Wilson, Cara Villareal, Tracy A. Brzezinski, Mark A. Krause, Jeffrey W. Shcherbina, Andrey Y. TI Chlorophyll bloom development and the subtropical front in the North Pacific SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SUMMER PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS; NITROGEN-FIXATION; THERMOHALINE INTRUSIONS; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; TRANSITION ZONE; OPEN-OCEAN; GYRE; TRICHODESMIUM; HAWAII; ENERGY AB In late summer, satellite ocean color data consistently show localized chlorophyll blooms in the oligotrophic NE Pacific. Based on historical data and the results from recent cruises, these blooms are associated with elevated diatom abundance. However, the physical dynamics that stimulate the blooms remain unknown. Mechanisms suggested to be driving the blooms include mixing at the subtropical front, breaking of internal waves at the critical latitude, shoaling of the mixed layer depth, eddy interactions, and winter mixing of nutrients. To examine these hypotheses, we use data from four summer cruises (2002, 2007, 2008, and 2009) in this region that sampled near a bloom temporally and/or spatially. Conditions associated with five blooms (two blooms were sampled in 2009) are examined. Each area was sampled at a different stage in bloom development, including prebloom, initiation, full bloom, decline, and postbloom conditions. No one variable is found which can explain unequivocally the development of a chlorophyll bloom at a certain location. We describe a set of conditions that could result in the injection of nutrients into the surface water to stimulate a bloom. This "perfect storm" of conditions requires a subsurface stratification minimum layer that intersects the nutricline and that this minimum is close to the base of the mixed layer. These conditions are not predictable in the sense of an annual climatology; however, they do occur often enough to create a reasonably certain, if spatially variable, summer NE Pacific bloom. C1 [Wilson, Cara] NOAA, Div Environm Res, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Villareal, Tracy A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX USA. [Villareal, Tracy A.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX USA. [Brzezinski, Mark A.; Krause, Jeffrey W.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Brzezinski, Mark A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Krause, Jeffrey W.] Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL USA. [Shcherbina, Andrey Y.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Wilson, C (reprint author), NOAA, Div Environm Res, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM Cara.Wilson@noaa.gov RI Wilson, Cara/A-8816-2009; Villareal, Tracy/I-9462-2012; OI Wilson, Cara/0000-0001-9318-2322 NR 73 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1473 EP 1488 DI 10.1002/jgrc.20143 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 163GE UT WOS:000320323200030 ER PT J AU Wang, J Hu, HG Goes, J Miksis-Olds, J Mouw, C D'Sa, E Gomes, H Wang, DR Mizobata, K Saitoh, S Luo, L AF Wang, Jia Hu, Haoguo Goes, Joaquim Miksis-Olds, Jennifer Mouw, Colleen D'Sa, Eurico Gomes, Helga Wang, D. R. Mizobata, Kohei Saitoh, Sei-ichi Luo, Lin TI A modeling study of seasonal variations of sea ice and plankton in the Bering and Chukchi Seas during 2007-2008 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY; LABRADOR SEA; OCEAN MODEL; GREEN BELT; SHELF-EDGE; PHYTOPLANKTON; OSCILLATION; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; SIMULATION AB A nutrient (N), phytoplankton (P), zooplankton (Z), and detritus (D) ecosystem model coupled to an ice-ocean model was applied to the Bering and Chukchi Seas for 2007-2008. The model reasonably reproduces the seasonal cycles of sea ice, phytoplankton, and zooplankton in the Bering-Chukchi Seas. The spatial variation of the phytoplankton bloom was predominantly controlled by the retreat of sea ice and the increased gradient of the water temperature from the south to the north. The model captures the basic structure of the measured nutrients and chl-a along the Bering shelf during 4-23 July 2008, and along the Chukchi shelf during 5-12 August 2007. In summer 2008, the Green Belt bloom was not observed by either the satellite measurements or the model. The model-data comparison and analysis reveal the complexity of the lower trophic dynamics in the Bering and Chukchi Seas. The complexity is due to the nature that the physical and biological components interact at different manners in time and space, even in response to a same climate forcing, over the physically distinct geographic settings such as in the Bering and North Aleutian Slopes, deep Bering basins, Bering shelf, and Chukchi Sea. Sensitivity studies were conducted to reveal the underlying mechanisms (i.e., the bottom-up effects) of the Bering-Chukchi ecosystem in response to changes in light intensity, nutrient input from open boundaries, and air temperature. It was found that (1) a 10% increase in solar radiation or light intensity for the entire year has a small impact on the intensity and timing of the bloom in the physical-biological system since the light is not a limiting factor in the study region; (2) a 20% increase in nutrients from all the open boundaries results in an overall 7% increase in phytoplankton, with the Slope region being the largest, and the Bering shelf and Chukchi being the smallest; and (3) an increase in air temperature by 2 degrees C over the entire calculation period can result in an overall increase in phytoplankton by 11%. C1 [Wang, Jia] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Hu, Haoguo; Luo, Lin] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Goes, Joaquim; Gomes, Helga] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY USA. [Miksis-Olds, Jennifer] Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mouw, Colleen] Michigan Technol Univ, Great Lakes Res Ctr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [D'Sa, Eurico] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Wang, D. R.] Hainan Marine Dev & Design Inst, Hainan, Peoples R China. [Mizobata, Kohei] Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Ocean Sci, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1088477, Japan. [Saitoh, Sei-ichi] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan. RP Wang, J (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM Jia.Wang@noaa.gov RI Mizobata, Kohei/D-6369-2012; Mouw, Colleen/M-4431-2015 OI Mizobata, Kohei/0000-0001-7531-2349; Mouw, Colleen/0000-0003-2516-1882 FU NOAA RUSALCA (Russian-American Long-term Census of the Arctic) International Polar Year modeling project; NASA [NNX10AP10G] FX We appreciate support from NOAA RUSALCA (Russian-American Long-term Census of the Arctic) International Polar Year modeling project and NASA Interdisciplinary Science award NNX10AP10G. We appreciate two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that helped improve the article. Thanks also go to Cathy Darnell for editing a draft. This is GLERL Contribution No. 1651. NR 77 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1520 EP 1533 DI 10.1029/2012JC008322 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 163GE UT WOS:000320323200033 ER PT J AU Garberoglio, G Harvey, AH AF Garberoglio, Giovanni Harvey, Allan H. TI Path-Integral Calculation of Cross Second Virial Coefficients for Hydrogen Isotopologues SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Deuterium; Hydrogen; Isotopes; Mixtures; Second virial coefficient; Tritium AB The path-integral Monte Carlo technique and a recent high-accuracy six-dimensional potential are used to compute the cross second virial coefficients for all unlike pairs among the hydrogen isotopologues , HD, HT, and DT. Values are calculated from 15 K to 2000 K for these quantities where experimental information is almost completely absent. It is found that the commonly assumed arithmetic mean of the pure-component values does not provide a good approximation for the cross coefficients below approximately 50 K, especially for pairs containing . C1 [Garberoglio, Giovanni] FBK CMM, Interdisciplinary Lab Computat Sci LISC, I-38123 Povo, TN, Italy. [Garberoglio, Giovanni] Univ Trento, I-38123 Povo, TN, Italy. [Harvey, Allan H.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Harvey, AH (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM garberoglio@fbk.eu; aharvey@boulder.nist.gov OI Garberoglio, Giovanni/0000-0002-9201-2716 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 34 IS 3 BP 385 EP 394 DI 10.1007/s10765-013-1440-0 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 153PU UT WOS:000319615500001 ER PT J AU Chang, AS Bertram, MA Ivanochko, T Calvert, SE Dallimore, A Thomson, RE AF Chang, Alice S. Bertram, Miriam A. Ivanochko, Tara Calvert, Stephen E. Dallimore, Audrey Thomson, Richard E. TI Annual record of particle fluxes, geochemistry and diatoms in Effingham Inlet, British Columbia, Canada, and the impact of the 1999 La Nina event SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE particle flux; geochemistry; diatoms; sediment traps; La Nina; Effingham Inlet; northeast Pacific Ocean ID 1997-1998 EL-NINO; GENUS SKELETONEMA BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; PACIFIC COASTAL FJORD; SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; SAANICH INLET; LAMINATED SEDIMENTS AB Sediment traps were deployed inside the anoxic inner basin of Effingham Inlet and at the oxygenated mouth of the inlet from May 1999 to September 2000 in a pilot study to determine the annual depositional cycle and impact of the 1999 La Nina event within a western Canadian inlet facing the open Pacific Ocean. Total mass flux, geochemical parameters (carbon, nitrogen, opal, major and minor element contents, and stable isotope ratios) and diatom assemblages were determined and compared with meteorological and oceanographic data. Deposition was seasonal, with coarser grained terrestrial components and benthic diatoms settling in the autumn and winter, coincident with the rainy season. Marine sedimentary components and abundant pelagic diatoms were coincident with coastal upwelling in the spring and summer. Despite the seasonal differences in deposition, the typical temperate-zone Thalassiosira-Skeletonema-Chaetoceros bloom succession was muted. A July 1999 total mass flux peak and an increase in biogenous components coincided with a rare bottom-water oxygen renewal event in the inlet. Likewise, there were cooler-than-average sea surface temperatures (SSTs) just outside the inlet, and unusually high abundances of a previously undescribed cool-water marine diatom (Fragilariopsis pacifica sp. nov.) within the inlet. Each of these occurrences likely reflects a response to the strong La Nina that followed the year after the strongest-ever recorded El Nino event of 1997-1998. By the autumn of 1999, SSTs had returned to average, and F. pacifica had all but disappeared from the remaining trap record, indicating that oceanographic conditions had returned to normal. Oxygenation events were not witnessed in the inlet in the years before or after 1999, suggesting that a rare oceanographic and climatic event was captured by this sediment trap time series. The data from this record can therefore be used as a benchmark for identifying anomalous environmental conditions on this coast. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chang, Alice S.] Carleton Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa Carleton Geosci Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Bertram, Miriam A.] NOAA R PMEL, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ivanochko, Tara; Calvert, Stephen E.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Dallimore, Audrey] Geol Survey Canada Pacific, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Thomson, Richard E.] Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Ocean Sci Div, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. RP Chang, AS (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest & Conservat Sci, 3041-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM alice.chang@ubc.ca; mbertram@ocean.washington.edu; tivanoch@eos.ubc.ca; calvert@eos.ubc.ca; audrey.dallimore@nrcan.gc.ca; Richard.Thomson@dfo-mpo.gc.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canadian Foundation for Climatic and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS) FX This work benefited from the concerted efforts and expertise of a large group of colleagues and institutions. We thank B. Burd, D. Yelland, M. O'Brien, and J. Eert (Institute of Ocean Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Ocean, Government of Canada), and the officers and crew of the Canadian Coast Guard Ship John P. Tully for handling the sediment traps and collected material. C. Wright (IOS) collected the terrestrial samples, R. Hourston (IOS) processed the along-shore wind stress data, and M. Soon (University of British Columbia) assisted with the geochemical analyses. The authors gratefully acknowledge NOAA/PMEL labs, R. Feely for use of lab space, and G. Lebon for XRF analyses. Thanks go to M. Hay (Universite du Quebec a Chicoutimi) for general diatom discussions, and to N. Lundholm (University of Copenhagen) and G. Hasle (University of Oslo) for the identification of Fragilariopsis pacifica sp. nov. from our sample material. D. Cassis (University of British Columbia) identified the coccolithophore species, and T. Schell (Dalhousie University) discussed preliminary foraminifera data. Two anonymous reviewers provided constructive critique of the manuscript. This project was supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Canadian Foundation for Climatic and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS) to REF and SEC, and to RT Patterson (Carleton University) for support of ASC's original PhD work. The Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research and the Geological Society of America Student Research Program provided additional funding to ASC. This is PMEL contribution #2116. NR 79 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 337 BP 20 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2013.01.003 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 159ZI UT WOS:000320085400003 ER PT J AU Hazen, EL Jorgensen, S Rykaczewski, RR Bograd, SJ Foley, DG Jonsen, ID Shaffer, SA Dunne, JP Costa, DP Crowder, LB Block, BA AF Hazen, Elliott L. Jorgensen, Salvador Rykaczewski, Ryan R. Bograd, Steven J. Foley, David G. Jonsen, Ian D. Shaffer, Scott A. Dunne, John P. Costa, Daniel P. Crowder, Larry B. Block, Barbara A. TI Predicted habitat shifts of Pacific top predators in a changing climate SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID MARINE; OCEAN; BIODIVERSITY; MODELS; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS; IMPACTS AB To manage marine ecosystems proactively, it is important to identify species at risk and habitats critical for conservation. Climate change scenarios have predicted an average sea surface temperature (SST) rise of 1-6 degrees C by 2100 (refs 1, 2), which could affect the distribution and habitat of many marine species. Here we examine top predator distribution and diversity in the light of climate change using a database of 4,300 electronic tags deployed on 23 marine species from the Tagging of Pacific Predators project, and output from a global climate model to 2100. On the basis of models of observed species distribution as a function of SST, chlorophyll a and bathymetry, we project changes in species-specific core habitat and basin-scale patterns of biodiversity. We predict up to a 35% change in core habitat for some species, significant differences in rates and patterns of habitat change across guilds, and a substantial northward displacement of biodiversity across the North Pacific. For already stressed species, increased migration times and loss of pelagic habitat could exacerbate population declines or inhibit recovery. The impending effects of climate change stress the urgency of adaptively managing ecosystems facing multiple threats. C1 [Hazen, Elliott L.; Bograd, Steven J.; Foley, David G.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Hazen, Elliott L.; Foley, David G.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Jorgensen, Salvador] Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Rykaczewski, Ryan R.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Jonsen, Ian D.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [Shaffer, Scott A.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Dunne, John P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Crowder, Larry B.; Block, Barbara A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Dept Biol, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Crowder, Larry B.] Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Hazen, EL (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM Elliott.hazen@noaa.gov RI Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Shaffer, Scott/D-5015-2009; Hazen, Elliott/G-4149-2014; Rykaczewski, Ryan/A-8625-2016 OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Shaffer, Scott/0000-0002-7751-5059; Hazen, Elliott/0000-0002-0412-7178; Rykaczewski, Ryan/0000-0001-8893-872X FU Sloan Foundation's Census of Marine Life programme; NF-UBC Nereus programme; National Research Council; Stanford's Center for Ocean Solutions; A. P. Sloan foundation; David and Lucille Packard foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore foundation FX This manuscript is the culmination of a cross-project synthesis between TOPP and the Center for Ocean Solutions' Climate and Predators working group. Financial support for this work was provided by the Sloan Foundation's Census of Marine Life programme, the NF-UBC Nereus programme, the National Research Council and Stanford's Center for Ocean Solutions. TOPP research was funded by the A. P. Sloan, David and Lucille Packard, and Gordon and Betty Moore foundations. Electronic tagging and tracking as part of TOPP was also supported by the Office of Naval Research, NOAA, the E&P Sound and Marine Life JIP under contract from the OGP, and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Foundation. We thank the TOPP scientific teams and all those who supported animal tagging efforts, particularly our colleagues at IATTC for help with yellowfin tunas, OSU for cetacean tracks, and Grupo Tortuguero and NOAA Southwest Fisheries for turtle and shark research. We thank collaborating TOPP partners and working group leaders for their efforts coordinating, permitting and conducting tagging research during the Census of Marine Life programme. We thank the data management team of TOPP including A. Swithenbank, J. Ganong and M. Castleton in contributing to TOPP data assembly. All animal research was conducted in accordance with appropriate permits (for example, Leatherback turtle Endangered Species Act permit nos. 1159, 1227 and 1596) and IACUC protocols from Stanford University and the University of California. Pacific bluefin tuna work was conducted in Mexican waters with the permission and permits provided by the Mexican Government. NR 30 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 10 U2 126 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 3 IS 3 BP 234 EP 238 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1686 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 150NY UT WOS:000319399000016 ER PT J AU Cheung, WWL Sarmiento, JL Dunne, J Frolicher, TL Lam, VWY Palomares, MLD Watson, R Pauly, D AF Cheung, William W. L. Sarmiento, Jorge L. Dunne, John Froelicher, Thomas L. Lam, Vicky W. Y. Palomares, M. L. Deng Watson, Reg Pauly, Daniel TI Shrinking of fishes exacerbates impacts of global ocean changes on marine ecosystems SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-SEA; THERMAL TOLERANCE; SIZE; TEMPERATURE; ASSEMBLAGE AB Changes in temperature, oxygen content and other ocean biogeochemical properties directly affect the ecophysiology of marine water-breathing organisms(1-3). Previous studies suggest that the most prominent biological responses are changes in distribution(4-6), phenology(7,8) and productivity(9). Both theory and empirical observations also support the hypothesis that warming and reduced oxygen will reduce body size of marine fishes(10-12). However, the extent to which such changes would exacerbate the impacts of climate and ocean changes on global marine ecosystems remains unexplored. Here, we employ a model to examine the integrated biological responses of over 600 species of marine fishes due to changes in distribution, abundance and body size. The model has an explicit representation of ecophysiology, dispersal, distribution, and population dynamics(3). We show that assemblage-averaged maximum body weight is expected to shrink by 14-24% globally from 2000 to 2050 under a high-emission scenario. About half of this shrinkage is due to change in distribution and abundance, the remainder to changes in physiology. The tropical and intermediate latitudinal areas will be heavily impacted, with an average reduction of more than 20%. Our results provide a new dimension to understanding the integrated impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems. C1 [Cheung, William W. L.; Lam, Vicky W. Y.; Palomares, M. L. Deng; Watson, Reg; Pauly, Daniel] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Sarmiento, Jorge L.; Froelicher, Thomas L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Dunne, John] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Cheung, WWL (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM w.cheung@fisheries.ubc.ca RI , William/F-5104-2013; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Frolicher, Thomas/E-5137-2015 OI , William/0000-0003-3626-1045; Watson, Reg/0000-0001-7201-8865; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Frolicher, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7854 FU National Geographic Society; Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences (CEFAS); Pew Charitable Trust through the Sea Around Us project; Carbon Mitigation Initiative (CMI) project at Princeton University; BP FX The contribution by W.W.L.C. is supported by the National Geographic Society and the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences (CEFAS). D. P. and R. W. are supported by the Pew Charitable Trust through the Sea Around Us project. J.L.S. and T. L. F. are supported by the Carbon Mitigation Initiative (CMI) project at Princeton University, sponsored by BP. We thank L. Bopp for providing outputs from the IPSL-CM4-LOOP model. NR 30 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 30 U2 153 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 3 IS 3 BP 254 EP 258 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1691 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 150NY UT WOS:000319399000020 ER PT J AU Alken, P Chulliat, A Maus, S AF Alken, P. Chulliat, A. Maus, S. TI Longitudinal and seasonal structure of the ionospheric equatorial electric field SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GEOMAGNETIC REFERENCE FIELD; 11TH GENERATION; CHAMP SATELLITE; MAGNETIC MODEL; POMME; DRIFT AB The daytime eastward equatorial electric field (EEF) in the ionospheric E-region plays an important role in equatorial ionospheric dynamics. It is responsible for driving the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) current system, equatorial vertical ion drifts, and the equatorial ionization anomaly. Due to its importance, there is much interest in accurately measuring and modeling the EEF. In this work we propose a method of estimating the EEF using CHAMP satellite-derived latitudinal current profiles of the daytime EEJ along with Delta H measurements from ground magnetometer stations. Magnetometer station pairs in both Africa and South America were used for this study to produce time series of electrojet current profiles. These current profiles were then inverted for estimates of the EEF by solving the governing electrostatic equations. We compare our results with the Ion Velocity Meter (IVM) instrument on board the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System satellite. We find high correlations of about 80% with the IVM data; however, we also find a constant offset of about 0.3 mV/m between the two data sets in Africa. Further investigation is needed to determine its cause. We compare the EEF structure in Africa and South America and find differences which can be attributed to the effect of atmospheric nonmigrating tides. This technique can be extended to any pair of ground magnetometer stations which can capture the day-to-day strength of the EEJ. C1 [Alken, P.; Maus, S.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Chulliat, A.] Inst Phys Globe, Paris, France. RP Alken, P (reprint author), NOAA E GC1, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM patrick.alken@noaa.gov RI Chulliat, Arnaud/A-5747-2011 OI Chulliat, Arnaud/0000-0001-7414-9631 FU NASA [NAS5-01068]; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) FX The CINDI data are provided through the auspices of the CINDI team at the University of Texas at Dallas supported by NASA grant NAS5-01068. The WAMNET magnetometer network is funded by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), and is maintained by the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP). The operational support of the CHAMP mission by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) is gratefully acknowledged. The Jicamarca Radio Observatory is a facility of the Instituto Geofisico del Peru operated with support from the NSF through Cornell University. This is IPGP contribution number 3348. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1298 EP 1305 DI 10.1029/2012JA018314 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 135FP UT WOS:000318274000031 ER PT J AU Matsuo, T Lee, IT Anderson, JL AF Matsuo, Tomoko Lee, I-Te Anderson, Jeffrey L. TI Thermospheric mass density specification using an ensemble Kalman filter SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ADAPTIVE COVARIANCE INFLATION; DATA ASSIMILATION; CHAMP; ELECTRODYNAMICS AB This paper presents an application of ensemble Kalman filtering (EnKF) to a general circulation model of the thermosphere and ionosphere. It is designed to incorporate the feedback between plasma and neutral variables in both the analysis and forecast steps of filtering so that thermospheric parameters can be inferred from ionospheric observations and vice versa. We make a case that the global neutral density specification can greatly benefit from this approach based on a number of filtering experiments conducted under the assumption of no model bias. Specific observations considered are (i) neutral mass densities obtained from the accelerometer experiment on board the CHAMP satellite and (ii) electron density profiles obtained from the COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 mission. Assimilation of the neutral mass density obtained from the CHAMP mission into the TIEGCM is shown to improve the neutral density specification in the vicinity of satellite orbits, but is short of making a global impact unless accompanied by the estimation of the primary driver of the density variability such as solar EUV flux. On the other hand, assimilation of the COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 electron density profiles into the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) is far more effective than the CHAMP neutral density in terms of improving the global neutral mass density specification. This suggests a synthesis of thermospheric and ionospheric observations into the general circulation model, brought about with the help of the latest EnKF techniques, can effectively increase the geophysical information content of observations. C1 [Matsuo, Tomoko] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Matsuo, Tomoko] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Lee, I-Te] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Lee, I-Te] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Anderson, Jeffrey L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Inst Math Appl Geosci, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Matsuo, T (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tomoko.matsuo@colorado.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative [FA9550-07-1-0565]; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA9453-12-1-0244]; High Altitude Observatory Newkirk Fellowship; National Science Foundation FX All the DART/TIEGCM assimilation tools used in this work are available to the public from http://www.image.ucar.edu/DAReS/DART. The authors acknowledge A. D. Richmond for his helpful scientific guidance and T. Mera for his assistance in improving the manuscript. This work is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative award FA9550-07-1-0565 and the Air Force Research Laboratory award FA9453-12-1-0244. I-Te Lee is supported by the High Altitude Observatory Newkirk Fellowship. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by National Science Foundation. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1339 EP 1350 DI 10.1002/jgra.50162 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 135FP UT WOS:000318274000035 ER PT J AU Van Daele, MB Robbins, CT Semmens, BX Ward, EJ Van Daele, LJ Leacock, WB AF Van Daele, M. B. Robbins, C. T. Semmens, B. X. Ward, E. J. Van Daele, L. J. Leacock, W. B. TI Salmon consumption by Kodiak brown bears (Ursus arctos middendorffi) with ecosystem management implications SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE assimilated diet; Kodiak brown bear; mercury; salmon; stable isotopes; Ursus arctos ID YELLOWSTONE GRIZZLY BEARS; COASTAL BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RIPARIAN FOOD WEBS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; STABLE-ISOTOPES; PACIFIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; SYMPATRIC URSIDS; DETERMINE DIETS; KILLER WHALES AB The ecological role of large predators in North America continues to spark heated public debate. Although brown bears (Ursus arctos L., 1758) and the salmon (genus Oncorhynchus Suckley, 1861) they feed on have declined in many areas, the Kodiak archipelago is famous for large brown bears and abundant salmon. Salmon have generally been managed for maximum sustained yield in a fisheries sense, but those levels may be well below what is necessary for maximum ecosystem productivity. Consequently, we used stable isotopes and mercury accumulated in hair to estimate intake of salmon by Kodiak brown bears (Ursus arctos middendorffi Merriam, 1896). Salmon intake increased from subadult males (592 +/- 325 kg.bear(-1).year-) to adult males (2788 +/- 1929 kg.bear(-1).year(-1)) and from subadult females (566 +/- 360 kg.bear(-1).year(-1)) to adult females (1364 +/- 1261 kg.bear(-1).year(-1)). Intake within each group increased 62% +/- 23% as salmon escapement increased from similar to 1 500 to similar to 14 000 kg.bear(-1).year(-1). The estimated population of 2300 subadult and adult bears consumed 3.77 +/- 0.16 million kg of salmon annually, a mass equal to similar to 6% of the combined escapement and commercial harvest (57.6 million kg). Although bears consume a small portion of the total mass of adult salmon, perpetuation of dense populations of large bears requires ecosystem-based management of the meat resources and environments that produce such bears. C1 [Van Daele, M. B.; Robbins, C. T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Robbins, C. T.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Semmens, B. X.; Ward, E. J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Van Daele, L. J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Leacock, W. B.] Kodiak Natl Wildlife Refuge, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Robbins, CT (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ctrobbins@wsu.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; Alaska Department of Fish and Game; Washington State University FX We appreciate the assistance of hundreds of Kodiak bear hunters who donated bear hair samples, J. Crye for collecting those samples, M. Evans for statistical advice, J. Teisberg and J. Erlenbach for performing all statistical analyses, and T. Levi, C. Darimont, and G. Mowat for many helpful comments. We also thank the staffs of the Washington State University Bear Center, Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge, Dworshak National Fish Hatchery, and Alaska Department of Fish and Game for their assistance. The study complied with the current laws of the United States of America, was conducted in accordance with animal care and use guidelines, was approved by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol #2007-08), and was funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, and Washington State University. NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 58 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 91 IS 3 BP 164 EP 174 DI 10.1139/cjz-2012-0221 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 142FB UT WOS:000318780900008 ER PT J AU Surek, JT Coder, J Gordon, J Novotny, DR AF Surek, Jack T. Coder, Jason Gordon, Joshua Novotny, David R. TI Polymer Membranes to Quarter-Wave Match Gaussian Optics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Index matching; millimeter-wave optics; standing waves; terahertz (THz) optics ID BEAM MODE ANALYSIS AB We demonstrate two simple quarter-wave matches designed in the WR10 band that reduce peak reflected power by 20 and 25 dB near the match frequencies by use of membrane layers on high-density polyethylene (HDPE)-air interfaces. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based membranes that are expanded by regular air voids are layered upon a solid HDPE slab by use of spray adhesive. S-parameter measurements with and without these layers demonstrate the improved power match with two to three membrane layers applied. C1 [Surek, Jack T.; Coder, Jason; Gordon, Joshua; Novotny, David R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Surek, JT (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jsurek@boulder.nist.gov FU NIST Innovations in Measurement Science under Grant "Antiferromagnetic Resonance for Corrosion Detection" FX This work was supported in-part by the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science under Grant "Antiferromagnetic Resonance for Corrosion Detection". NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-342X J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 3 IS 2 BP 187 EP 191 DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2012.2236607 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 142BF UT WOS:000318770300011 ER PT J AU Williams, DF AF Williams, Dylan F. TI Comparison of Sub-Millimeter-Wave Scattering-Parameter Calibrations With Imperfect Electrical Ports (vol 2, pg 144, 2012) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Williams, DF (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dylan@boulder.nist.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-342X J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 3 IS 2 BP 221 EP 221 DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2013.2244411 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 142BF UT WOS:000318770300017 ER PT J AU Miyatake, H Nishizawa, AJ Takada, M Mandelbaum, R Mineo, S Aihara, H Spergel, DN Bickerton, SJ Bond, JR Gralla, M Hajian, A Hilton, M Hincks, AD Hughes, JP Infante, L Lin, YT Lupton, RH Marriage, TA Marsden, D Menanteau, F Miyazaki, S Moodley, K Niemack, MD Oguri, M Price, PA Reese, ED Sifon, C Wollack, EJ Yasuda, N AF Miyatake, Hironao Nishizawa, Atsushi J. Takada, Masahiro Mandelbaum, Rachel Mineo, Sogo Aihara, Hiroaki Spergel, David N. Bickerton, Steven J. Bond, J. Richard Gralla, Megan Hajian, Amir Hilton, Matt Hincks, Adam D. Hughes, John P. Infante, Leopoldo Lin, Yen-Ting Lupton, Robert H. Marriage, Tobias A. Marsden, Danica Menanteau, Felipe Miyazaki, Satoshi Moodley, Kavilan Niemack, Michael D. Oguri, Masamune Price, Paul A. Reese, Erik D. Sifon, Cristobal Wollack, Edward J. Yasuda, Naoki TI Subaru weak lensing measurement of a z=0.81 cluster discovered by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope Survey SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing: weak; galaxies: clusters: individual: ACT-CL J0022.2-0036; cosmology: observation ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; OSCILLATION SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; STEEP MASS PROFILE; DARK-MATTER HALOS; GALAXY CLUSTERS; SDSS-III; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS; IMAGE SUBTRACTION; SUPRIME-CAM AB We present a Subaru weak lensing measurement of ACT-CL J0022.2-0036, one of the most luminous, high-redshift (z = 0.81) Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) clusters discovered in the 268 deg(2) equatorial region survey of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope that overlaps with Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Stripe 82 field. Ours is the first weak lensing study with Subaru at such high redshifts. For the weak lensing analysis using i'-band images, we use a model-fitting (Gauss-Laguerre shapelet) method to measure shapes of galaxy images, where we fit galaxy images in different exposures simultaneously to obtain best-fitting ellipticities taking into account the different point spread functions (PSFs) in each exposure. We also take into account the astrometric distortion effect on galaxy images by performing the model fitting in the world coordinate system. To select background galaxies behind the cluster at z = 0.81, we use photometric redshift estimates for every galaxy derived from the co-added images of multi-passband Br'i'z'Y, with PSF matching/homogenization. After a photometric redshift cut for background galaxy selection, we detect the tangential weak lensing distortion signal with a total signal-to-noise ratio of about 3.7. By fitting a Navarro-Frenk-White model to the measured shear profile, we find the cluster mass to be M-200 (rho) over barm = [7.5(-2.8)(+3.2)(stat.)(+1.3)(-0.6)(sys.)] x 10(14) M-circle dot h(-1). The weak lensing-derived mass is consistent with previous mass estimates based on the SZ observation, with assumptions of hydrostatic equilibrium and virial theorem, as well as with scaling relations between SZ signal and mass derived from weak lensing, X-ray and velocity dispersion, within the measurement errors. We also show that the existence of ACT-CL J0022.2-0036 at z = 0.81 is consistent with the cluster abundance prediction of the Lambda-dominated cold dark matter structure formation model. We thus demonstrate the capability of Subaru-type ground-based images for studying weak lensing of high-redshift clusters. C1 [Miyatake, Hironao; Mineo, Sogo; Aihara, Hiroaki] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130031, Japan. [Miyatake, Hironao; Nishizawa, Atsushi J.; Takada, Masahiro; Mineo, Sogo; Aihara, Hiroaki; Spergel, David N.; Bickerton, Steven J.; Oguri, Masamune; Yasuda, Naoki] Univ Tokyo, WPI, Kavli IPMU, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. [Miyatake, Hironao; Mandelbaum, Rachel; Spergel, David N.; Bickerton, Steven J.; Lupton, Robert H.; Price, Paul A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mandelbaum, Rachel] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Bond, J. Richard; Hajian, Amir; Hincks, Adam D.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Gralla, Megan; Marriage, Tobias A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Hilton, Matt] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Hilton, Matt; Moodley, Kavilan] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Hughes, John P.; Menanteau, Felipe] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Infante, Leopoldo; Sifon, Cristobal] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Lin, Yen-Ting] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Marsden, Danica] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Miyazaki, Satoshi] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Niemack, Michael D.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Reese, Erik D.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Sifon, Cristobal] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Miyatake, H (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130031, Japan. EM miyatake@astro.princeton.edu RI Aihara, Hiroaki/F-3854-2010; Oguri, Masamune/C-6230-2011; Spergel, David/A-4410-2011; Hilton, Matthew James/N-5860-2013; Mandelbaum, Rachel/N-8955-2014; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Aihara, Hiroaki/0000-0002-1907-5964; Mandelbaum, Rachel/0000-0003-2271-1527; Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Menanteau, Felipe/0000-0002-1372-2534; Sifon, Cristobal/0000-0002-8149-1352 FU MEXT/JSPS [DC1]; JSPS KAKENHI [23340061]; JSPS Core-to-Core Program 'International Research Network for Dark Energy'; World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI Initiative), MEXT, Japan; FIRST programme 'Subaru Measurements of Images and Redshifts (SuMIRe)', CSTP, Japan; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy Office of Science FX HM and MT greatly thank Gary Bernstein, Bhuvnesh Jain and Mike Jarvis for many useful and constructive discussion on the shape measurement methods. HM acknowledges support by MEXT/JSPS Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows (DC1). This work is supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Number: 23340061), JSPS Core-to-Core Program 'International Research Network for Dark Energy', by World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI Initiative), MEXT, Japan, and by the FIRST programme 'Subaru Measurements of Images and Redshifts (SuMIRe)', CSTP, Japan.; Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation and the US Department of Energy Office of Science. The SDSS-III web site is http://www.sdss3.org/.; SDSS-III is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS-III Collaboration including the University of Arizona, the Brazilian Participation Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Carnegie Mellon University, University of Florida, the French Participation Group, the German Participation Group, Harvard University, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, the Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group, The Johns Hopkins University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, New Mexico State University, New York University, Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the Spanish Participation Group, University of Tokyo, University of Utah, Vanderbilt University, University of Virginia, University of Washington and Yale University. NR 72 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 429 IS 4 BP 3627 EP 3644 DI 10.1093/mnras/sts643 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 135FD UT WOS:000318272600072 ER PT J AU Storlazzi, CD Fregoso, TA Figurski, JD Freiwald, J Lonhart, SI Finlayson, DP AF Storlazzi, Curt D. Fregoso, Theresa A. Figurski, Jared D. Freiwald, Jan Lonhart, Steve I. Finlayson, David P. TI Burial and exhumation of temperate bedrock reefs as elucidated by repetitive high-resolution sea floor sonar surveys: Spatial patterns and impacts to species' richness and diversity SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bedrock; Sediment; Burial; Exhumation; Diversity; Richness ID AUSTRALIAN CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NORTHERN MONTEREY-BAY; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; MARINE RESERVES; EL-NINO; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; DYNAMICS; CLASSIFICATION; CONSERVATION AB To understand how chronic sediment burial and scour contribute to variation in the structure of algal and invertebrate communities on temperate bedrock reefs, the dynamics of the substrate and communities were monitored at locations that experience sand inundation and adjacent areas that do not. Co-located benthic scuba-transect surveys and high-resolution swath-sonar surveys were completed on bedrock reefs on the inner shelf of northern Monterey Bay, CA, in early winter 2009, spring 2010, and summer 2010. Analysis of the sonar surveys demonstrates that during the 8 months over which the surveys were conducted, 19.6% of the study area was buried by sand while erosion resulted in the exposure of bedrock over 13.8% of the study area; the remainder underwent no change between the surveys. Substrate classifications from the benthic transect surveys correlated with classifications generated from the sonar surveys, demonstrating the capacity of high-resolution sonar surveys to detect burial of bedrock reefs by sediment. On bedrock habitat that underwent burial and exhumation, species' diversity and richness of rock-associated sessile and mobile organisms were 50-66% lower as compared to adjacent stable bedrock habitat. While intermediate levels of disturbance can increase the diversity and richness of communities, these findings demonstrate that burial and exhumation of bedrock habitat are sources of severe disturbance. We suggest that substrate dynamics must be considered when developing predictions of benthic community distributions based on sea floor imagery. These results highlight the need for predictive models of substrate dynamics and for a better understanding of how burial and exhumation shape benthic communities. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Storlazzi, Curt D.; Fregoso, Theresa A.; Finlayson, David P.] Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Figurski, Jared D.; Freiwald, Jan] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Lonhart, Steve I.] Monterey Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Storlazzi, CD (reprint author), Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM cstorlazzi@usgs.gov; tfregoso@usgs.gov; figurski@biology.ucsc.edu; freiwald@biology.ucsc.edu; steve.lonhart@noaa.gov; dfinlayson@usgs.gov OI Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490; Fregoso, Theresa/0000-0001-7802-5812 FU U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program's Benthic Habitats (Pacific) Project FX This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program's Benthic Habitats (Pacific) Project to better understand the effects of geologic and oceanographic processes on coastal and marine ecosystems. Jared Figurski (UCSC) and J Freiwald (UCSC) participated as part of the U.S. Geological Survey- University of California at Santa Cruz Co-Operative. Jackson Currie, David Finlayson, Robert Wyland, Gerry Hatcher and Mike Boyle (USGS) ran the sonar acquisition systems while Pete dal Ferro and Jamie Grover (USGS) captained the vessel R/V Parke Snavely. Brian Edwards (USGS), Peter Dartnell (USGS), and Piers Larcombe (MetOcean) contributed numerous excellent suggestions and a timely review of our work. Use of trademark names does not imply USGS endorsement of products. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 55 BP 40 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2013.01.013 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 130TU UT WOS:000317943800004 ER EF